title: Protective effects of chitosan and its water-soluble derivatives against lead-induced oxidative stress in mice.
abstract: Lead-induced oxidative stress was generated in mice under lead exposure, and the antioxidant activity of chitosan (CS) and its water-soluble derivatives was compared in vivo. The results indicated that there was significant difference (P<0.05) for the biochemical variables of lead-treated groups. After lead exposure, the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiols (T-SH) in blood and tissues decreased, and the contents of protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased compared with the control group. Administration of CS and its derivatives made for the removal of lead from blood and tissues, especially for hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) and quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (HACC). And the changed biochemical variables showed recovery with different degrees, which indicated that CS and its derivatives were helpful for alleviating lead-induced oxidation damage in vivo. But the antioxidant activity for different CS was different, followed by HPCS>HACC>carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)>CS, which was in close with the introduction of different substituent groups. In particular, for the dietary of HPCS, there was significant recovery for the changed biochemical variables (P<0.05) in mice after lead exposure, except GSSG in kidney and MDA in brain.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China. Electronic address: yybyan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yongbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China.
authors.forename: Bojie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, PR China. Electronic address: qincq@hbeu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Caiqin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014867:Water; D007854:Lead; D048271:Chitosan; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Chitosan; Lead