title: Analysis of the lignocellulosic components of biomass residues for biorefinery opportunities.
abstract: The present study aims to identify the renewable resources available in Brazil such as açai seed, coconut husks, coffee husks, rice husks, eucalyptus sawdust, grass, soy peel, bamboo, banana stems and banana stalks. To identify such renewable energy sources, samples were examined for their physical and chemical characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD), proximate and ultimate analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), calorific value determination, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Among the biomasses, açai and coffee exhibited higher total sugar content, 67.70% and 62.55%, respectively. Sawdust exhibited low ash, along with the highest calorific value and lignin content. The highest glucose contents were observed in bamboo (44.65%) and sawdust (38.80%). The maximum yield for the bioproducts levulinic acid (LA), formic acid (FA) and furfural were estimated; açai exhibited the highest yield of LA and FA, while coffee exhibited the best furfural yield. All of these properties indicate that the residues are potential candidates for bioenergy production.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Tocantins - UFT, CEP 77838-824 Araguaína, Brazil.
authors.forename: M K D
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rambo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil. Electronic address: marcia@iqm.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: M M C
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D018533:Biomass; D001938:Brazil; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D005561:Formates / Q000032:analysis; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D012639:Seeds; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014866:Waste Products; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D005561:Formates; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D014866:Waste Products; C030544:formic acid; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose; C032246:levulinic acid
keywords: Biomass characterization; Physicochemical analysis; Residues; Second generation bioproducts