title: Non-diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM-ND): enterovirus association with the symptoms in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infectious and non-infectious causes are associated with increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM). But, a viral aetiology to non-diarrhoeal IFoBM (IFoBM-ND) has not been described. Owing to an accidental infection by an echovirus 19 strain, persistent diarrhoea-associated virus, isolated from a child with persistent diarrhoea, DCR experienced persistent IFoBM-ND with an urgency to pass apparently normal stools more than once each day for about 3 months. A follow-up study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of IFoBM-ND, and association of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) with the symptom in infants from birth to 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 140 newborns was followed for 6 months to 2 years from birth for IFoBM-ND. Stool samples collected every 14 days were examined for NPEVs, rotavirus and other viral/bacterial agents for their possible association with IFoBM-ND and diarrhoea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 403 NPEV infection episodes among 4545 oral polio vaccine strains-negative stool samples, approximately 29% were associated with IFoBM-ND (15% acute and 14% persistent), including resolution of 74% of constipation episodes, and 18% with diarrhoea, suggesting that about 47% of NPEV infection episodes in children below 2 years of age are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. About 83% of IFoBM-ND episodes are associated with the NPEV infection and 17% of the episodes are of unknown aetiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NPEV is the single most frequently detected viral agent in children with IFoBM-ND and its association with the symptom is highly significant, warranting detailed investigations on the role of NPEVs in gastrointestinal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: C Durga
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka , India ; Department of Paediatrics , M. S. R. T. Hospital, and Agadi Hospital , Bangalore, Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Maiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka , India ; Department of Paediatrics , R. M. V. Hospital, and Arpita Clinic , Bangalore, Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: M Ananda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Babu
keywords: ENTERIC INFECTIONS; INFECTIOUS DIARRHOEA; MOTILITY DISORDERS; NEONATAL GUT; SMALL BOWEL MOTILITY