title: Leadership and management curriculum planning for Iranian general practitioners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leadership and management are two expected features and competencies for general practitioners (GPs). The purpose of this study was leadership and management curriculum planning for GPs which was performed based on Kern's curriculum planning cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in 2011- 2012 in Iran using an explanatory mixed-methods approach. It was conducted through an initial qualitative phase using two focus group discussions and 28 semi-structured interviews with key informants to capture their experiences and viewpoints about the necessity of management courses for undergraduate medical students, goals, objectives, and educational strategies according to Kern's curriculum planning cycle. The data was used to develop a questionnaire to be used in a quantitative written survey. Results of these two phases and that of the review of medical curriculum in other countries and management curriculum of other medical disciplines in Iran were used in management and leadership curriculum planning. In the qualitative phase, purposeful sampling and content analysis with constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin's method were used; descriptive and analytic tests were used for quantitative data by SPSS version 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the qualitatively stage of  this research, 6 main categories including the necessity of management course, features and objectives of management curriculum, proper educational setting, educational methods and strategies, evolutionary method and feedback result were determined. In the quantitatively stage of the research, from the viewpoints of 51.6% of 126 units of research who filled out the questionnaire, ranked high necessary of management courses. The coordination of care and clinical leadership was determined as the most important role for GPs with a mean of 6.2 from sample viewpoint. Also, team working and group dynamics had the first priority related to the principles and basics of management with a mean of 3.59. Other results were shown in the paper.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study indicated the need to provide educational programs for GPs; it led to a systematic curriculum theory and clinical management using Kern cycle for general practitioner's discipline. Implementation and evaluation of this program is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community & Mental Health Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran;
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khosravan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nuking & Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimi Moonaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Soleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mansoorian
keywords: Curriculum; General practitioner; Management; Medical education