title: Multiplexed detection of influenza A virus subtype H5 and H9 via quantum dot-based immunoassay.
abstract: A quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay system (QD-LFIAS) was developed to simultaneously detect both influenza A virus subtypes H5 and H9. Water-soluble carboxyl-functionalized quantum dots (QDs) were used as fluorescent tags. The QDs were conjugated to specific influenza A virus subtype H5 and H9 antibodies via an amide bond. When influenza A virus subtype H5 or H9 was added to the QD-LFIAS, the QD-labeled antibodies specifically bound to the H5 or H9 subtype viruses and were then captured by the coating antibodies at test line 1 or 2 to form a sandwich complex. This complex produced a bright fluorescent band in response to 365 nm ultraviolet excitation. The intensity of fluorescence can be detected using an inexpensive, low-maintenance instrument, and the virus concentration directly correlates with the fluorescence intensity. The detection limit of the QD-LFIAS for influenza A virus subtype H5 was 0.016 HAU, and the detection limit of the QD-LFIAS for influenza A virus subtype H9 was 0.25 HAU. The specificity and reproducibility were good. The simple analysis step and objective results that can be obtained within 15 min indicate that this QD-LFIAS is a highly efficient test that can be used to monitor and prevent both Influenza A virus subtypes H5 and H9.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China; Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
authors.forename: Huaibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cen
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the People's Republic of China (SZCIQ), Shenzhen 518045, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China. Electronic address: malan@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China. Electronic address: lsli@henu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song Li
mesh_terms: D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000032:analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures
keywords: Immunoassay; Influenza A virus; Quantum dots