title: Enteric nervous system α-synuclein immunoreactivity in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of α-synuclein in colonic biopsies of patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and address if α-synuclein immunostaining of tissue obtained via colonic biopsies holds promise as a diagnostic biomarker for prodromal Parkinson disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with iRBD, patients with PD, and healthy controls were prospectively recruited to undergo colonic biopsies for comparison of α-synuclein immunoreactivity patterns between the groups by using 2 different antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in colonic mucosal and submucosal immunostaining between groups using the 15G7 α-synuclein antibody, which was found in almost all participants enrolled in this study. By contrast, immunostaining for serine 129-phosphorylated α-synuclein (pSyn) in submucosal nerve fibers or ganglia was found in none of 14 controls but was observed in 4 of 17 participants with iRBD and 1 out of 19 patients with PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings of pSyn immunostaining of colonic biopsies in a substantial proportion of iRBD participants raise the possibility that this tissue marker may be a suitable candidate to study further as a prodromal PD marker in at-risk cohorts.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Fabienne S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sprenger
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stefanova
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gelpi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seppi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navarro-Otano
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vilas
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valldeoriola
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Claustre
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pont-Sunyer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Iban
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aldecoa
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaig
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Angels
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gines
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuatrecasas
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Högl
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iranzo
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Gregor K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wenning
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (F.S.S., N.S., K.S., B.H., B.F., G.K.W., W.P.) and Gastroenterology (W.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (E.G.), IDIBAPS; the Departments of Neurology (J.N.-O., D.V., F.V., C.P.-S., C.G., A.I., E.T.), Pathology (I.A., M.C.), and Gastroenterology (A.G.), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain; and the Institute of Pathology (F.O.), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria. Werner.Poewe@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Poewe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003106:Colon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013368:Submucous Plexus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051844:alpha-Synuclein