title: Hepatic proteomic analysis revealed altered metabolic pathways in insulin resistant Akt1(+/-)/Akt2(-/-) mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify liver proteome changes in a mouse model of severe insulin resistance and markedly decreased leptin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis was utilized to identify liver proteome changes in AKT1(+/-)/AKT2(-/-) mice. Proteins with altered levels were identified with tandem mass spectrometry. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed for the interpretation of the biological significance of the observed proteomic changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 proteins were identified from 2 biological replicates to be differentially expressed by a ratio of at least 1.3 between age-matched insulin resistant (Akt1(+/-)/Akt2(-/-)) and wild type mice. Albumin and mitochondrial ornithine aminotransferase were detected from multiple spots, which suggest post-translational modifications. Enzymes of the urea cycle were common members of top regulated pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results help to unveil the regulation of the liver proteome underlying altered metabolism in an animal model of severe insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136.
authors.forename: Weiwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Jared F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Khattab
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Puya G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Yazdi
authors.affiliation: UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: phwang@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Ping H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000502:physiology; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009953:Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017302:Annexins; D009953:Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase; C514862:Akt1 protein, mouse; C494922:Akt2 protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D005947:Glucose
keywords: AKT; Insulin resistance; Liver; Mouse; Proteomics