title: Measurement and clinical implications of choroidal thickness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular inflammation is a frequent extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may parallel disease activity. In this study, we evaluated the utility of a choroidal thickness measurement in assessing IBD activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 eyes of 31 patients with IBD [Crohn's disease (CD), n=10 and ulcerative colitis (UC), n=21] and 104 eyes of 52 healthy blood donors were included in this study. Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. The Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and the modified Truelove Witts score were used to assess disease activity in CD and UC, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in mean subfoveal, nasal 3000 μm, or temporal 3000 μm choroidal thickness measurements (P>0.05 for all) were observed between IBD patients and healthy controls. Age, smoking, CD site of involvement (ileal and ileocolonic involvement), CDAI, CD activity, and UC endoscopic activity index were all found to be significantly correlated with choroidal thickness by univariate analysis (P<0.05). Smoking (P<0.05) and the CD site of involvement (P<0.01) were the only independent parameters associated with increased choroidal thickness at all measurement locations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Choroidal thickness is not a useful marker of disease activity in patients with IBD but may be an indicator of ileal involvement in patients with CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Koral
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bayrakceken
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Muhammed Mustafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Emine Esra
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibis
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Zeynep Gok
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Sargin
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Ahmet Murat
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hondur
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, Gazi University, Ankara, TR.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence