title: Characterization of spatial and temporal variability in hydrochemistry of Johor Straits, Malaysia.
abstract: Characterization of hydrochemistry changes in Johor Straits within 5 years of monitoring works was successfully carried out. Water quality data sets (27 stations and 19 parameters) collected in this area were interpreted subject to multivariate statistical analysis. Cluster analysis grouped all the stations into four clusters ((Dlink/Dmax) × 100<90) and two clusters ((Dlink/Dmax) × 100<80) for site and period similarities. Principal component analysis rendered six significant components (eigenvalue>1) that explained 82.6% of the total variance of the data set. Classification matrix of discriminant analysis assigned 88.9-92.6% and 83.3-100% correctness in spatial and temporal variability, respectively. Times series analysis then confirmed that only four parameters were not significant over time change. Therefore, it is imperative that the environmental impact of reclamation and dredging works, municipal or industrial discharge, marine aquaculture and shipping activities in this area be effectively controlled and managed.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia; Centre for Water Research and Analysis (ALIR), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia. Electronic address: mpauzi@ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Pauzi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sharifah Mastura Syed
authors.initials: SMS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mastura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd
authors.initials: WMAWM
authors.lastname: Khalik
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008296:Malaysia; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D060753:Water Quality; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Anthropogenic impact; Statistical analysis; Tropical climate; Water chemistry