title: Proteomics of red and white corolla limbs in petunia reveals a novel function of the anthocyanin regulator ANTHOCYANIN1 in determining flower longevity.
abstract: The Petunia hybrida ANTHOCYANIN1 (AN1) gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates both the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis and the acidification of the vacuolar lumen in corolla epidermal cells. In this work, the comparison between the red flowers of the R27 line with the white flowers of the isogenic an1 mutant line W225 showed that the AN1 gene has further pleiotropic effects on flavonoid biosynthesis as well as on distant physiological traits. The proteomic profiling showed that the an1 mutation was associated to changes in accumulation of several proteins, affecting both anthocyanin synthesis and primary metabolism. The flavonoid composition study confirmed that the an1 mutation provoked a broad attenuation of the entire flavonoid pathway, probably by indirect biochemical events. Moreover, proteomic changes and variation of biochemical parameters revealed that the an1 mutation induced a delay in the onset of flower senescence in W225, as supported by the enhanced longevity of the W225 flowers in planta and the loss of sensitivity of cut flowers to sugar. This study suggests that AN1 is possibly involved in the perception and/or transduction of ethylene signal during flower senescence.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: bhakti.prinsi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Bhakti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prinsi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Francesca M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Quattrocchio
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Koes
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DISAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espen
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003116:Color; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology*; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology*; D032306:Petunia / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C419702:anthocyanin1 protein, Petunia x hybrida
keywords: Flavonoids; Flower longevity; Petunia; Proteomics; Senescence; anthocyanin1