title: Multi-sensor calibration of low-cost magnetic, angular rate and gravity systems.
abstract: We present a new calibration procedure for low-cost nine degrees-of-freedom (9DOF) magnetic, angular rate and gravity (MARG) sensor systems, which relies on a calibration cube, a reference table and a body sensor network (BSN). The 9DOF MARG sensor is part of our recently-developed "Integrated Posture and Activity Network by Medit Aachen" (IPANEMA) BSN. The advantage of this new approach is the use of the calibration cube, which allows for easy integration of two sensor nodes of the IPANEMA BSN. One 9DOF MARG sensor node is thereby used for calibration; the second 9DOF MARG sensor node is used for reference measurements. A novel algorithm uses these measurements to further improve the performance of the calibration procedure by processing arbitrarily-executed motions. In addition, the calibration routine can be used in an alignment procedure to minimize errors in the orientation between the 9DOF MARG sensor system and a motion capture inertial reference system. A two-stage experimental study is conducted to underline the performance of our calibration procedure. In both stages of the proposed calibration procedure, the BSN data, as well as reference tracking data are recorded. In the first stage, the mean values of all sensor outputs are determined as the absolute measurement offset to minimize integration errors in the derived movement model of the corresponding body segment. The second stage deals with the dynamic characteristics of the measurement system where the dynamic deviation of the sensor output compared to a reference system is Sensors 2015, 15 25920 corrected. In practical validation experiments, this procedure showed promising results with a maximum RMS error of 3.89°.
authors.affiliation: Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen 52074, Germany. lueken@hia.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lüken
authors.affiliation: Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen 52074, Germany. misgeld@hia.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Berno J E
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Misgeld
authors.affiliation: Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen 52074, Germany. rueschen@hia.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rüschen
authors.affiliation: Philips Chair for Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen 52074, Germany. leonhardt@hia.rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: BSN; MEMS; angular rate and gravity sensors; calibration; magnetic