title: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.
abstract: Several cellular and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in the development of myocardial dysfunction and low cardiac output in pediatric patients undergoing heart surgery. Ischemia- reperfusion injury with alterations in calcium homeostasis as well as mitochondrial function has been strongly related to myocyte damage and heart failure in this population. In this article, we will review the main mechanisms of postoperative cardiac dysfunction at cellular and molecular levels and the subsequent protective strategies. In addition, we will describe cellular features of the neonatal or immature myocardium and will suggest possible protective management strategies. This article addresses the first of eight topics comprising the special issue entitled "Pharmacologic strategies with afterload reduction in low cardiac output syndrome after pediatric cardiac surgery".
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica A Coruna (INIBIC) Area de Gestion Integrada A Coruna Spain. victor.bautista.hernandez@sergas.es.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bautista-Hernandez
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karamanlidis
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McCully
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Del Nido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium