title: Hepatoprotective effect of ganoderma triterpenoids against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in human hepatic HepG2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs) have been recognised as an important bioactive ingredient in Ganoderma Lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. (Polyporaceae), widely used for treating and preventing chronic hepatopathy of various etiologies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to better understand the hepatoprotective effect of GTs and to enhance their use in food supplement pharmaceutical and medical industries.
  
  
  METHODS
  HepG2 cells were pretreated in the presence or absence of GTs (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) for 4 h, then exposed with 60 μmol/L of t-BHP for an additional 4 h. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT method. ALT, AST and LDH production in culture medium and intracellular MDA, GSH and SOD levels were determined. Moreover, the total triterpenoid content and chemical constituents in GTs were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and HPLC/Q-TOF-MS, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GTs (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) significantly increased the relative cell viability by 4.66, 7.78 and 13.46%, respectively, and reduced the level of ALT by 11.44%, 33.41% and 51.24%, AST by 10.05%, 15.63% and 33.64%, and LDH by 16.03%, 23.4% and 24.07% in culture medium, respectively. GTs could also remarkably decrease the level of MDA and increase the content of GSH and SOD in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the total triterpenoid content in GTs was 438 mg GAAEs/g GTs. And 16 triterpenoids in GTs were identified or tentatively characterised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that GTs had potent cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage induced by t-BHP in HepG2 cells, thus suggesting their potential use as liver protectant.
authors.affiliation: a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China .
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China .
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China .
authors.forename: Yan-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry and Life Science , Fujian Institute of Education , Fuzhou , China , and.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou , PR China.
authors.forename: Ti-Qiang
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Academy of Integrative Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China .
authors.forename: Jin-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D032902:Ganoderma; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D014315:Triterpenes; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
keywords: Alanine aminotransferase; HPLC/Q-TOF-MS; aspartate aminotransferase; chemical constituents; glutathione; lactate dehydrogenase; malondialdehyde; superoxide dismutase