title: The effects of selective head cooling versus whole-body cooling on some neural and inflammatory biomarkers: a randomized controlled pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has become standard care in newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and the 2 most commonly used methods are selective head cooling (SHC) and whole body cooling (WBC). This study aimed to determine if the effects of the 2 methods on some neural and inflammatory biomarkers differ.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomized pilot study included newborns delivered after >36 weeks of gestation. SHC or WBC was administered randomly to newborns with moderate to severe HIE that were prescribed TH. The serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-specific creatine kinase (CK-BB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and protein S100 levels, the urine S100B level, and the urine lactate/creatinine (L/C) ratio were evaluated 6 and 72 h after birth. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III was administered at month 12 for assessment of neurodevelopmental findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SHC group included 14 newborns, the WBC group included 10, the mild HIE group included 7, and the control group included 9. All the biomarker levels in the SHC and WBC groups at 6 and 72 h were similar, and all the changes in the biomarker levels between 6 and 72 h were similar in both groups. The serum IL-6 and protein S100 levels at 6 h in the SHC and WBC groups were significantly higher than in the control group. The urine L/C ratio at 6 h in the SHC and WBC groups was significantly higher than in the mild HIE and control groups. The IL-6 level and L/C ratio at 6 and 72 h in the patients that had died or had disability at month 12 were significantly higher than in the patients without disability at month 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of SHC and WBC on the biomarkers evaluated did not differ. The urine L/C ratio might be useful for differentiating newborns with moderate and severe HIE from those with mild HIE. Furthermore, the serum IL-6 level and the L/C ratio might be useful for predicting disability and mortality in newborns with HIE.
authors.affiliation: Mersin University School of Medicine, Department of Neonatology Care Unit, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. drycelik@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yalçın
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. aytug.atici@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aytuğ
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atıcı
authors.affiliation: Mersin University School of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. selvigulasi@mynet.com.
authors.forename: Selvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gülaşı
authors.affiliation: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. makharo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Khatuna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makharoblıdze
authors.affiliation: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. geskandari@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gülçin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eskandari
authors.affiliation: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. malisungur@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sungur
authors.affiliation: Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 33343, Mersin, Turkey. serinakbayir@mynet.com.
authors.forename: Serin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akbayır
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002657:Child Development; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers