title: S100A11 is a potential prognostic marker for clear cell renal cell   carcinoma.
abstract: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of few cancers with rising incidence in North America. The prognosis of ccRCC is variable and difficult to predict. Stratification of patients according to disease aggressiveness can significantly improve patient management. We investigated the expression of the S100A11 protein in 385 patients with primary ccRCC using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. We compared its expression with clinicopathologic parameters and patients’ survival. We also validated our results at the mRNA level on an independent set from The Cancer Genome Atlas. As a dichotomous variable (low vs. high expression), there was a significant association between S100A11 expression and tumor grade, with higher expression associated with higher tumor grades (p < 0.001). High expression was also significantly more frequently seen in higher versus lower stages (56 vs. 28 %). In the univariate analysis, high S100A11 expression was associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.28; p = 0.001). This was maintained in the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.69; p = 0.042). Expression was not associated with overall survival (OS) (p = 0.10). Comparable results were obtained when S100A11 expression was analyzed as a trichotomous variable (low, moderate, or high expression). The Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that higher S100A11 expression was associated with statistically significant decrease in DFS (p < 0.001), but not OS (p = 0.1).
authors.forename: Manal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabril
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Girgis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scorilas
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rotondo
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wala
authors.forename: Georg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Eriny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tawedrous
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasic
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Haddad
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Yousef
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009418:S100 Proteins; C072337:S100A11 protein, human