title: Open side-to-side repair for non-repairable tendon-to-bone rotator cuff tear. Clinical and anatomic outcome at a mean 5 years' follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anatomical tendon-to-bone repair of retracted rotator cuff tear is a difficult challenge given the high rate of recurrence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study hypothesis was that side-to-side repair of U-shaped retracted tear allows tendon healing with satisfactory medium-term clinical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1999 and 2007, 35 patients (mean age 53.5 years) were operated on with this open technique. On the De Orio and Cofield classification, tendon lesions were medium in 5 cases, large in 25 and massive in 5. Subacromial space was in all cases greater than 7 mm. Fatty infiltration grade was less than or equal to 2 on Goutallier's classification in all cases except for 1 grade3 (supraspinatus only). At last follow-up, patients were assessed clinically (Constant score) and radiographically. Tendon healing was assessed by ultrasound (31 cases) or CT-arthrography (4 cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 60 months. Constant score improved significantly, from 64.7 ± 10 preoperatively to 77.1 ± 14 postoperatively (P < 0.05). Recurrence rate was 17.1%. Subacromial space was < 6 mm postoperatively in 2 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Side-to-side repair, bringing the posterior cuff onto the anterior edge of the tear, allowed tension-free repair of retracted tear if the preoperative reparability criteria are met: subacromial space equal to or greater than 7 mm, and absence of fatty infiltration significantly greater than grade 2 on the Goutallier classification. Under these conditions, clinical and anatomical results were satisfactory at a mean 5 years' follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV, retrospective.
authors.affiliation: Centre orthopédique Santy, 24, avenue Paul-Santy, 69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address: lnovejosserandpro@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nové-Josserand
authors.affiliation: Centre orthopédique Santy, 24, avenue Paul-Santy, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Service de biostatistique, hospices civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maucort-Boulch
authors.affiliation: Centre orthopédique Santy, 24, avenue Paul-Santy, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogassawara
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries
keywords: Fatty infiltration; Large and massive tear; Margin convergence; Rotator cuff; Shoulder; Side-to-side repair