title: Efficacy of chitosan oligosaccharide as aquatic adjuvant administrated with a formalin-inactivated Vibrio anguillarum vaccine.
abstract: Vaccine is one of the efficient candidates to prevent fish disease through activating host immune response in aquaculture. Actually, several vaccines are often administered with adjuvants to increase immunostimulation, especially for some water-based formalin-killed vaccines. However, side effects are inevitable after vaccination of some adjuvants. Therefore, exploration for effective and harmless aquatic adjuvants is urgently needed. In this study, immunoprotection of a formalin-inactivated Vibrio anguillarum vaccine applied with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was analyzed. High levels of protection were achieved in zebrafish and turbot vaccinated with inactivated vaccine and COS (RPS of 89.0 ± 4.5% and 80.0 ± 6.9%) compared with fish vaccinated with inactivated vaccine alone (RPS of 47.8 ± 6.6% and 64.7 ± 5.8%) at 4 week post vaccination. Moreover, high antibody reaction and cross-protection against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi were observed of turbot vaccinated with inactivated vaccine and COS. In conclusion, COS can enhance immunoprotection of a formalin-inactivated V. anguillarum vaccine, significantly activate humoral immune response of host, and be benefit for inhibition against pathogens. Therefore, COS would be a potential adjuvant for aquatic vaccine design in the future.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: wuhzh@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuanxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056738:Cross Protection; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005412:Flatfishes; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D005557:Formaldehyde; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan oligosaccharide; Formalin-inactivated vaccine; Vibrio anguillarum; Water-soluble adjuvant