title: Evaluation of kappa carrageenan as potential carrier for floating drug delivery system: Effect of cross linker.
abstract: Genipin, a natural and non-toxic cross linker, was used to prepare cross linked floating kappa carrageenan/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels and the effect of genipin on hydrogels characterization was investigated. Calcium carbonates were employed as gas forming agents. Ranitidine hydrochloride was used as drug. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out to study the changes in the characteristics of hydrogels. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to study microstructure of hydrogels. The result showed that all formulated hydrogels had excellent floating behavior. It was discovered that the cross linking reaction showed significant effect on gel strength, porosity and swelling ratio compared to non-cross linked hydrogels. It was found that the drug release was slower and lesser after being cross linked. Microstructure study shows that cross linked hydrogels exhibited hard and rough surface. Therefore, genipin can be an interesting cross linking agent for controlled drug delivery in gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Suguna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvakumaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, V01 FBME, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: idaidayu@utm.my.
authors.forename: Ida Idayu
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Muhamad
mesh_terms: D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D039823:Iridoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity / Q000187:drug effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D039823:Iridoids; D002351:Carrageenan; C007834:genipin
keywords: Characterization; Floating hydrogel; Genipin cross linking; Kappa carrageenan/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose