title: Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: A review of imaging.
abstract: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy can result in permanent vision loss. In early stages of HCQ retinopathy, patients are usually asymptomatic with preservation of visual acuity. We aspire that our review, in conjunction with the American Academy of Ophthalmology screening guidelines, shall shed light on effective screening measures utilizing multimodal imaging techniques to detect early signs of HCQ retinopathy before advanced changes manifest clinically.
authors.forename: Hemang K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Nawajes
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA.
authors.forename: Vinay A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects; D004596:Electroretinography; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012160:Retina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine