title: Optimizing buffering chemistry to maintain near neutral pH of broiler feed during pre-enrichment for Salmonella.
abstract: Salmonella is a human pathogen that can accompany live broilers to the slaughter plant, contaminating fully processed carcasses. Feed is one potential source of Salmonella to growing broilers. Monitoring feed for the presence of Salmonella is part of good agricultural practice. The first step in culturing feed for Salmonella (which may be at low numbers and sub-lethally stressed) is to add it to a pre-enrichment broth which is incubated for 24 h. During the course of pre-enrichment, extraneous bacteria metabolize carbohydrates in some feed and excrete acidic byproducts, causing the pH to drop dramatically. An acidic pre-enrichment pH can injure or kill Salmonella resulting in a failure to detect, even if it is present and available to infect chickens. The objective of this study was to test an array of buffering chemistries to prevent formation of an injurious acidic environment during pre-enrichment of feed in peptone water. Five grams of feed were added to 45 mL of peptone water buffered with carbonate, Tris pH 8, and phosphate buffering ingredients individually and in combination. Feed was subjected to a pre-enrichment at 35°C for 24 h; pH was measured at 0, 18, and 24 h. Standard phosphate buffering ingredients at concentrations up to 4 times the normal formulation were unable to fully prevent acidic conditions. Likewise, carbonate and Tris pH 8 were not fully effective. The combination of phosphate, carbonate, and Tris pH 8 was the most effective buffer tested. It is recommended that a highly buffered pre-enrichment broth be used to examine feed for the presence of Salmonella.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605 mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Berrang
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cosby
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: 160 Williamsburg Lane Athens, GA 30605.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cason
authors.affiliation: Anitox Corp. Lawrenceville, GA 30043.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002021:Buffers; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010461:Peptones / Q000737:chemistry*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D010461:Peptones; D014867:Water
keywords: Salmonella; broiler feed; buffer; pH; pre-enrichment