title: Sterile Inflammation after Intravitreal Injection of Aflibercept in a Korean Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the frequency and clinical features of sterile inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection in a Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center, retrospective study was performed in patients who received intravitreal aflibercept from July 2013 through January 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of four cases of post-injection sterile inflammation were identified from 723 aflibercept injections in 233 patients. Patients presented 1 to 13 days after intravitreal aflibercept injection (mean, 5 days). The mean baseline visual acuity was 20 / 60, which decreased to 20 / 112 at diagnosis but ultimately recovered to 20 / 60. Three cases had inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber (mean, 2.25+; range, 0 to 4+), and all cases had vitritis (mean, 3+; range, 2+ to 4+). No patients had pain. Only one patient underwent anterior chamber sampling (culture negative) and injection of antibiotics. Three of four patients were treated with a topical steroid, and all experienced improvement in their symptoms and signs of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall incidence of sterile inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection in a Korean population was 4 of 723 injections (0.55%), or 4 of 233 patients (1.79%). Sterile inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection typically presents without pain, and the visual outcomes are generally favorable.
authors.affiliation: Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Oh Woong
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C533178:aflibercept; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
keywords: Aflibercept; Intravitreal injections; Sterile inflammation