title: Failure in neuroprotection of remote limb ischemic postconditioning in the hippocampus of a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPoC) has been proven to provide potent protection of the heart and brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, despite the evidence of cerebral protection with RIPoC is compelling, RIPoC-mediated neuroprotection against transient cerebral ischemic insult is still mired in controversy. In this study, we examined the effect of RIPoC induced by sublathal transient hind limb ischemia on neuronal death in the hippocampus following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Animals were randomly assigned to sham-, ischemia-, sham plus (+) RIPoC- and ischemia+RIPoC-groups. RIPoC was induced by three cycles of 5-min and 10-min occlusion-reperfusion of both femoral arteries at predetermined points in time (0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24h after transient cerebral ischemia). CV staining, F-J B histofluorescence staining and NeuN immunohistochemistry were carried out to examine neuroprotection in the RIPoC-mediated hippocampus 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion. In the ischemia-group, we found a significant loss of pyramidal cells in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region at 5 days post-ischemia compared with the sham-group. In all of the ischemia+RIPoC-groups, the loss of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region at 5 days post-ischemia was not different from that in the ischemia-group. Our present findings indicate that RIPoC does not prevent hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from neuronal death induced by transient cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bai Hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: In Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bich-Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hui Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, Seoul 04401, South Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seongkweon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea. Electronic address: mhwon@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea. Electronic address: bonaeboa@naver.com.
authors.forename: Chan Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005121:Extremities; D005849:Gerbillinae; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology*; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000502:physiology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Delayed neuronal death; Global cerebral ischemia; Hippocampal CA1 neurons; Occlusion of hind limbs; Remote ischemic postconditioning