title: Topical Use of NaCl Solution with Different Concentration Affects Lens Transparency in Anesthetized Mice.
abstract: To study the influence of NaCl solution with different concentration on lens transparency in anesthetized mice.
  
  
  
  Four kinds of NaCl solution with different concentration were prepared as eye drops to imply graded osmolarity (100, 300, 500 and 1000 mOsmol/kg). Five groups of anesthetized mice were set-up to induce lens opacity, in which four groups were treated with NaCl solution and another group naturally exposed to air. The lens opacity was graded as no opacity, mild, medium and severe opacity at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after the start of the experiment. A numerical value from 0 to 3 was assigned to each grade for the cataract index (CI) calculation and data analysis. The same procedure was repeated in all groups 48 h later. The reversion process of lens opacity was explored using a hypotonic NaCl solution (100 mOsmol/kg) in another pair of groups, a 500 mOsmol/kg NaCl solution group and natural exposure group. The gross appearance and time course of development and reversion of lens opacity were assessed.
  
  
  
  Lens opacity primarily developed in a hypertonic NaCl solution-treated and naturally exposed eyes, and the gross anatomical appearance were similar. The speed of lens opacity development and CI changes were osmolarity-dependent, and the higher NaCl concentration solution used, the faster and more severe the formation of opacification. Both hypertonic NaCl-solution-induced lens opacity and natural exposure induced lens opacity could be resolved by hypotonic NaCl solution prior to anesthesia recovery.
  
  
  
  This study indicates a crucial effect of NaCl concentration on the development and reversion of lens opacity in the anesthetized mice, and support the osmolarity theory in the reversible lens opacification phenomenon. It is also of practical significance to mouse eye studies that require lens transparency.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Yangshun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Baisheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.
authors.forename: Chunfei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: c State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Mouse; NaCl concentration; osmolarity; reversible lens opacification; time course