title: Fumigant Toxicity of Phenylpropanoids Identified in Asarum sieboldii Aerial Parts to Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Coboldia fuscipes (Diptera: Scatopsidae).
abstract: Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Coboldia fuscipes (Meigen) (Diptera: Scatopsidae) are two of the most economically important insect pests of cultivated mushrooms. The toxicities to the fly larvae of the three phenylpropanoids (methyleugenol, myristicin, and safrole) from aerial parts of Asarum sieboldii Miquel (Aristolochiaceae) were compared with those of the currently available carbamate insecticide benfuracarb. In a contact+fumigant mortality bioassay with L. ingenua and C. fuscipes larvae, methyleugenol (1.46 and 2.33 µg/cm2) was the most toxic compound, followed by safrole (2.03 and 2.59 µg/cm2) and myristicin (3.59 and 4.96 µg/cm2), based on 24-h LC50 values. The phenylpropanoids were less toxic than benfuracarb (LC50, 0.75 and 0.55 µg/cm2). In vapor-phase mortality tests with the larvae, the phenylpropanoids were consistently more toxic in closed versus open containers, indicating that the effect of the compounds was largely a result of vapor action. Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the agricultural environment justify further studies on A. sieboldii plant-derived products as potential fumigants for the control of mushroom fly populations in mushroom houses and mushroom compost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea. yjahn@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jee Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Haribalan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perumalsamy
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Karuppasamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sankarapandian
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565-851, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byeoung-Ryeol
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea. yjahn@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000818:Animals; D030023:Asarum / Q000737:chemistry*; D001572:Benzofurans; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D004148:Dioxolanes; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005651:Fumigation; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012451:Safrole; D013045:Species Specificity; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D001572:Benzofurans; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D004148:Dioxolanes; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011748:Pyrogallol; C005246:myristicin; D015091:beta-Alanine; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; C096128:benfuracarb; D012451:Safrole
keywords: Asarum sieboldii; Coboldia fuscipes; Lycoriella ingenua; botanical insecticide; natural fumigant