title: Evaluation of Staining-Dependent Colour Changes in Resin Composites Using Principal Component Analysis.
abstract: Colour changes in Gradia Direct™ composite after immersion in tea, coffee, red wine, Coca-Cola, Colgate mouthwash, and distilled water were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and the CIELAB colour coordinates. The reflection spectra of the composites were used as input data for the PCA. The output data (scores and loadings) provided information about the magnitude and origin of the surface reflection changes after exposure to the staining solutions. The reflection spectra of the stained samples generally exhibited lower reflection in the blue spectral range, which was manifested in the lower content of the blue shade for the samples. Both analyses demonstrated the high staining abilities of tea, coffee, and red wine, which produced total colour changes of 4.31, 6.61, and 6.22, respectively, according to the CIELAB analysis. PCA revealed subtle changes in the reflection spectra of composites immersed in Coca-Cola, demonstrating Coca-Cola's ability to stain the composite to a small degree.
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Rankeova 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manojlovic
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lenhardt
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milićević
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonov
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Rankeova 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miletic
authors.affiliation: University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dramićanin
mesh_terms: D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D003188:Composite Resins; C470230:Gradia; D009067:Mouthwashes; D013662:Tea; D014867:Water