title: Detoxification of Atrazine by Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Isolated from Sugarcane and Detection of Nontoxic Metabolite.
abstract: Atrazine is still one of the most used agricultural pesticides worldwide and it has been recognized as a major contaminant of surface and ground water. The aims of this research were to isolate an endophytic microorganism from leaves of sugarcane, evaluate its ability to degrade atrazine, and investigate the formation of metabolites. By sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the endophytic isolate atz2 was identified as Streptomyces sp. The reduction in atrazine concentration by Streptomyces sp. atz2 was 98 % and UHPLC-MS/MS analyses showed the appearance of an unknown metabolite observed as m/z 311. Ecotoxicity tests with an aquatic organism, Daphnia similis, confirmed that this metabolite was nontoxic. This mechanism of detoxification of atrazine is different from the ones of other free-living microorganisms that inhabit the soil or rhizosphere. The results show new aspects of atrazine detoxification, highlighting a new role of endophytic bacteria in plants.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory in Applied Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mesquini
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University in Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandra C H F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sawaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University in Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Begonã G C
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, State University in Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory in Applied Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. natalia.miyasaka@usf.edu.br.
authors.forename: Natalia R S
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D031786:Saccharum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Atrazine; Detoxification; Endophytic bacteria; Streptomyces sp.