title: Tumor necrosis factor-α gene 308G/A polymorphism is not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Kazakh patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant tumor with a strong tendency toward familial aggregation and a higher incidence as well as mortality in Kazakh population. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in controlling the progression of lung cancer, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer. But the association between TNF-α-308G/A and ESCC still remains unclarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we investigated the potential associations between the TNF-α-308G/A and susceptibility to ESCC in 212 cases and 200 controls from a pure ethnic population of Kazakh. DNA extraction and Real-time PCR were performed to detect the TNF-α-308G/A expression levels and odd ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were to evaluate their association with TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the frequencies of TNF-α-308G/A in the cases were similar to that of the controls with no differences being statistically significant (χ(2)=1.23, P>0.05). Using the G allele as the reference genotype, individuals who carried A allele had a significantly increased risk of developing ESCC (OR=2.64, 95% CI=1.31~5.35). Especially, the G/A+A/A genotype are associated with increased risk of metastatic as compared with GG genotype individuals (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.14-3.80, P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that though the TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism may not be correlated with the susceptibility to Kazakh's ESCC in Xinjiang, patients who carry A allele tend to poorly differentiated and lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China ; Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Mao
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Gang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China ; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Chuan-Yue
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Zhao
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi 832002, China ; Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Kazakh; Tumor necrosis factor; esophageal cancer; gene polymorphism