title: Considerations for Multiteam Systems in Emergency Medical Services.
abstract: Despite good intentions, mishaps in teamwork continue to affect patient's lives and plague the medical community at large and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in particular. Effective and efficient management of patient care necessitates that sets of multiple teams (i.e., multiteam systems [MTSs] - EMS ground crews, EMS air crews, dispatch, and receiving hospital teams) seamlessly work together. Although advances have been made to improve teams, little research has been dedicated to enhancing MTSs especially in the critical yet often under studied domain of EMS. The purpose of this paper is to assist the pre-hospital community in strengthening patient care by presenting considerations unique to multiteam systems.
  
  
  
  We synthesized the literature pertinent to multi-team systems and emergency medical services.
  
  
  
  From this synthesis, we derived five unique considerations: goals, boundary spanning, adaptation, leadership, and social identity.
  
  
  
  MTSs are prevalent in prehospital care, as they define how multiple component healthcare teams work together to intervene in emergency situations. We provided some initial directions regarding considerations for success in EMS MTSs based on existing research, but we also recognize the need for further study on these issues.
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lazzara
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Keebler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Marissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Shuffler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, and.
authors.forename: Brady
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, and.
authors.forename: Dustin C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Sedgwick County Emergency Medical Services, Wichita, KS.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misasi
mesh_terms: D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*