title: Management of esophageal stenting-associated esophagotracheal fistula, tracheal stenosis and tracheal rupture: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the placement of esophageal self-expandable stents (SES) can effectively relieve dysphagia after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer (EC), it may induce severe esophageal complications. This article reports a case of emergency endotracheal intubation in an EC patient who suddenly developed severe dyspnea two months after SES placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic bronchoscopy of the patient's airway confirmed the diagnosis of esophagotracheal fistula, tracheal stenosis and tracheal rupture. Endotracheal intubation was successfully performed under the guidance of electronic bronchoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dyspnea due to tracheal stenosis was relieved effectively by inserting the tracheal catheter to a proper place under the guidance of electronic bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopic examination is strongly recommended in EC patients who are highly suspected as having airway stenosis associated with esophageal stenting, for which endotracheal intubation under the guidance of bronchoscopy is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital Weifang 261041, China.
authors.forename: Fanceng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital Weifang 261041, China.
authors.forename: Peihe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospita of Weifang Medical University Weifang 261031, China.
authors.forename: Fuxia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Weifang People's Hospital Weifang 261041, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Esophageal self-expanding stent; airway management; esophagotracheal fistula; tracheal rupture; tracheal stenosis