title: An eFace-Template Method for Efficiently Generating Patient-Specific Anatomically-Detailed Facial Soft Tissue FE Models for Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Simulation.
abstract: Accurate surgical planning and prediction of craniomaxillofacial surgery outcome requires simulation of soft-tissue changes following osteotomy. This can only be accomplished on an anatomically-detailed facial soft tissue model. However, current anatomically-detailed facial soft tissue model generation is not appropriate for clinical applications due to the time intensive nature of manual segmentation and volumetric mesh generation. This paper presents a novel semi-automatic approach, named eFace-template method, for efficiently and accurately generating a patient-specific facial soft tissue model. Our novel approach is based on the volumetric deformation of an anatomically-detailed template to be fitted to the shape of each individual patient. The adaptation of the template is achieved by using a hybrid landmark-based morphing and dense surface fitting approach followed by a thin-plate spline interpolation. This methodology was validated using 4 visible human datasets (regarded as gold standards) and 30 patient models. The results indicated that our approach can accurately preserve the internal anatomical correspondence (i.e., muscles) for finite element modeling. Additionally, our hybrid approach was able to achieve an optimal balance among the patient shape fitting accuracy, anatomical correspondence and mesh quality. Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed that our hybrid approach was superior to two previously published methods: mesh-matching and landmark-based transformation. Ultimately, our eFace-template method can be directly and effectively used clinically to simulate the facial soft tissue changes in the clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.|Research Service Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.|Exponent Failure Analysis, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A K
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Liebschner
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Daeseung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Shunyao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Chien-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.|Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gateno
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. zhangcvh@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Shao-Xiang
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 1280, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. JXia@houstonmethodist.org.|Department of Surgery (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. JXia@houstonmethodist.org.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013515:Surgery, Oral
keywords: CMF surgery; Finite element modeling; Soft-tissue-change simulation; Surface matching; Surgical planning; Template deformation; Visible human