title: Fluorescence Imaging In Vivo at Wavelengths beyond 1500 nm.
abstract: Compared to imaging in the visible and near-infrared regions below 900 nm, imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) is a promising method for deep-tissue high-resolution optical imaging in vivo mainly owing to the reduced scattering of photons traversing through biological tissues. Herein, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with large diameters were used for in vivo fluorescence imaging in the long-wavelength NIR region (1500-1700 nm, NIR-IIb). With this imaging agent, 3-4 μm wide capillary blood vessels at a depth of about 3 mm could be resolved. Meanwhile, the blood-flow speeds in multiple individual vessels could be mapped simultaneously. Furthermore, NIR-IIb tumor imaging of a live mouse was explored. NIR-IIb imaging can be generalized to a wide range of fluorophores emitting at up to 1700 nm for high-performance in vivo optical imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 (USA).
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Antaris
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Junlei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Justin Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA).
authors.forename: Calvin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA). hdai@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005453:Fluorescence; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D051379:Mice; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D012666:Semiconductors; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
keywords: cancer; fluorescence; imaging agents; nanotechnology; near infrared