title: NMR-based identification of the phenolic profile of fruits of Lycium barbarum (goji berries). Isolation and structural determination of a novel N-feruloyl tyramine dimer as the most abundant antioxidant polyphenol of goji berries.
abstract: Biological properties of fruits of Lycium barbarum (goji berries) have been ascribed to their high content of nutrients and phenolics. Comprehensive studies aimed at unambiguously identifying the phenolic components in goji berries are still lacking. In this paper, we report on the isolation and NMR-based identification of the major phenolics in commercially available goji berries. Together with already known phenolics, including caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, scopoletin, N-trans-feruloyl tyramine, and N-cis-feruloyl tyramine, an unreported N-feruloyl tyramine dimer was characterized as the most abundant polyphenol isolated from the berries. Usually divalent molecules show enhanced biological activities than their corresponding monomers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: forino@unina.it.
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tartaglione
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dell'Aversano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciminiello
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019281:Dimerization; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D032305:Lycium / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014439:Tyramine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C074004:feruloyltyramine; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: Antioxidant compounds; Caffeic acid (PubChemCID: 689043); Goji berry; Lycium barbarum; N-cis-feruloyl tyramine (PubChemCID: 6440659); N-feruloyl tyramine dimer; N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (PubChemCID: 5280537); Phenolics; Rutin (PubChemCID: 5280805); Scopoletin (PubChemCID: 5280460); p-Coumaric acid (PubChemCID: 637542)