title: Timing Spring Insecticide Applications to Target both Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Almond Orchards.
abstract: Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are key Lepidoptera pests of almonds in California. Spring insecticide applications (early to mid-May) targeting either insect were not usually recommended because of the potential to disrupt natural enemies when broad-spectrum organophosphates and pyrethroids were applied. The registration of reduced risk compounds such as chlorantraniliprole, methoxyfenozide, and spinetoram, which have a higher margin of safety for natural enemies, makes spring (early to mid-May) application an acceptable control approach. We examined the efficacy of methoxyfenozide, spinetoram, and chlorantraniliprole at three spring application timings including the optimum spring timing for both A. lineatella and A. transitella in California almonds. Our study also examined the possibility of reducing larval populations of A. lineatella and A. transitella simultaneously with a single spring insecticide application. There were no significant differences in the field efficacy of insecticides targeting either A. lineatella or A. transitella, depending on application timing for the three spring timings examined in this study. In most years (2009-2011), all three timings for each compound resulted in significantly less A. transitella and A. lineatella damage when compared with an untreated control, though there was some variation in efficacy between the two species. Early to mid-May applications of the reduced-risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram can be used to simultaneously target A. transitella and A. lineatella with similar results across the potential timings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. kahamby@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hamby
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.affiliation: University of California Cooperative Extension Sutter-Yuba Counties, 142A Garden Highway, Yuba City, CA 95991.
authors.forename: Franz J A
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Niederholzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Zalom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009036:Moths; D000068181:Prunus dulcis; D012621:Seasons; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D018942:Macrolides; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C517733:chlorantranilipole; C406712:methoxyfenozide; C548262:spinetoram
keywords: chlorantraniliprole; methoxyfenozide; navel orangeworm; peach twig borer; spinetoram