title: Effect of Fresh Royal Jelly Ingestion on Glycemic Response in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes is the fourth major public health problem worldwide. Royal Jelly (RJ) insulin-like activity and blood glucose modulating properties have been reported in animal and healthy volunteers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single dose of fresh RJ as a complementary therapy on glycemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned into the RJ (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) groups and received either 10 g fresh RJ or placebo after overnight fasting. Serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations were determined at 0, 60, 120 minutes after the intervention. Independent t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum glucose levels were significantly decreased in RJ and placebo groups; however, mean serum level was different but not statistically. (P = 0.77). One hour after RJ ingestion the mean serum insulin concentrations were increased and after 2 hours it was decreased insignificantly (P = 0.54, P = 0.20). The mean C-peptide concentrations were significantly increased after 1 and 2 hours of RJ ingestion; however, in the placebo group we observed a slight but insignificant reduction at the time of 1 and 2 hours in the mean C-peptide serum levels (P = 0.40). Moreover, there was no significant difference in none of the glycemic control parameters between both studied groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that RJ does not appear to have significant immediate effects on glycemic factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and different doses of RJ are needed to achieve more precise results.
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology,Emam Reza hospital, Bone Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mobasseri
authors.affiliation: Department of endocrinology,Emam Reza hospital, Bone Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghiyasvand
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostadrahimi
authors.affiliation: Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghojazadeh
authors.affiliation: Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noshad
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pourmoradian
keywords: Glycemic Control; Hyperglycemia; Royal Jelly