title: Merging colloidal nanoplasmonics and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for enhanced profiling of multiple myeloma-derived exosomes.
abstract: A novel approach for sorting exosomes from multiple myeloma (MM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and healthy individuals is presented. The method is based on the combination of colloidal gold nanoplasmonics and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing and probes distinctive colloidal properties of MM-derived exosomes, such as molar concentration and cell membrane binding preferences. It allowed to discover that MM patients produce about four folds more exosomes than MGUS and healthy individuals. In addition, it showed that among the analyzed exosomes, only the MM-derived ones bind heparin - a structural analog of heparan sulfate proteoglycans known to mediate exosome endocytosis - with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) equal to about 1 nM, indicating a high affinity binding. This plasmonic method complements the classical biochemical profiling approach to exosomes, expanding the MM biomarker panel and adding biosensors to the toolbox to diagnose MM. It may find applications for other diseases and has wider interest for fundamental and translational research involving exosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: gdinoto87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Noto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bugatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zendrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena Laura
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mazzoldi
authors.affiliation: Spedali Civili of Brescia, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusnati
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ricotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.bergese@unibs.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergese
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D055354:Exosomes / Q000473:pathology*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D006046:Gold
keywords: Exosome; Multiple myeloma; Nanoplasmonics; Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy