title: High Expression of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Associates with Unfavorable Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), a single-pass type III transmembrane tyrosine-protein kinase, is mainly involved in inflammation and immune regulation to facilitate the progression of solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CSF-1R expression on clinical outcome of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively enrolled 268 patients with ccRCC undergoing nephrectomy between 2001 and 2004. Clinicopathologic features and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were collected. Western blot analysis was performed in the pairwise comparisons of CSF-1R expression in peritumor and tumor tissues of patients with ccRCC. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine CSF-1R expression level in tumor specimens. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on CSS. A concordance index was calculated to measure prognostic accuracy. A prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the identified independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF-1R expression in tumor tissues was higher than in peritumor tissues in 71.4% (5 of 7) patients. CSF-1R expression of tumor tissues was positively associated with metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis classification system (TNM) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score and poor CSS. CSF-1R expression was determined as an independent prognostic factor for CSS in patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, extension of the well-established prognostic models with CSF-1R expression presented significantly improved prognostic accuracy. An efficient prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High CSF-1R expression is a potential independent adverse prognostic factor for CSS in patients with ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. weijuanzhang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weijuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. jjxufdu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D049451:Nomograms; D011379:Prognosis; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor