title: Changes of Explicit and Implicit Stigma in Medical Students during Psychiatric Clerkship.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the differences in explicit and implicit stigma between medical and non-medical undergraduate students at baseline; the changes of explicit and implicit stigma in medical undergraduate and non-medical undergraduate students after a 1-month psychiatric clerkship and 1-month follow-up period; and the differences in the changes of explicit and implicit stigma between medical and non-medical undergraduate students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two medical undergraduate students and 64 non-medical undergraduate students were enrolled. All participants were interviewed at intake and after 1 month. The Taiwanese version of the Stigma Assessment Scale and the Implicit Association Test were used to measure the participants' explicit and implicit stigma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither explicit nor implicit stigma differed between two groups at baseline. The medical, but not the non-medical, undergraduate students had a significant decrease in explicit stigma during the 1-month period of follow-up. Neither the medical nor the non-medical undergraduate students exhibited a significant change in implicit stigma during the one-month of follow-up, however. There was an interactive effect between group and time on explicit stigma but not on implicit stigma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Explicit but not implicit stigma toward mental illness decreased in the medical undergraduate students after a psychiatric clerkship. Further study is needed to examine how to improve implicit stigma toward mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin Connine
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huang-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hin-Yeung
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Kuan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chfaye@cc.kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education*; D057545:Social Stigma; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan; D014495:Universities
keywords: Explicit attitude; Implicit attitude; Medical undergraduate student and clerkship; Stigma