title: Magneto-thermally responsive hydrogels for bladder cancer treatment: Therapeutic efficacy and in vivo biodistribution.
abstract: Bladder cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer in modern medicine which despite recent progress has remained incurable and challenging for researchers. There is unmet need to address this endemic as the number of patients are growing by about 10,000 every year world-wide. Here, we report a minimally invasive magnetic chemotherapy method to address this problem where polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanostructures (MNS) are homogeneously embedded in thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAAm) hydrogels (HG). The system (HG-MNS) loaded with anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) incubated with cancer cell lines subjected to external radiofrequency (RF) field can remotely stimulate the release of drug smartly at the site. The in vitro efficacy investigated on bladder cancer (T-24) cell lines showed the potential of the system in dealing with the disease successfully. Further, the materials preferential accumulation via systemic delivery was studied using swiss mice model. Vital tissue organs like liver, lung and heart were analysed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A detail accounts of the materials optimization, cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation activity tests with apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry after RF exposure (250 kHz) to the cells and in vivo biodistribution data are discussed in the paper.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Dept of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Shaleen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasavada
authors.affiliation: Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mrinmoy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.affiliation: Dept of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Dept of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. Electronic address: dhirenb@iitb.ac.in.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bahadur
authors.affiliation: Dept of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Electronic address: v-dravid@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Vinayak P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Dravid
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels
keywords: Bladder cancer; Magnetic chemotherapy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magneto-thermally responsive hydrogel; PEG functionalized Fe(3)O(4)