title: Methods applied in cost-effectiveness models for treatment strategies in type 2 diabetes mellitus and their use in Health Technology Assessments: a systematic review of the literature from 2008 to 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and compare health-economic models that were developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and their use within Health Technology Assessments (HTAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, six commonly used databases were searched for articles published between October 2008 and January 2013, using a protocolized search strategy and inclusion criteria. The websites of HTA organizations in nine countries, and proceedings from five relevant conferences, were also reviewed. The identified new health-economic models were qualitatively assessed using six criteria that were developed based on technical components, and characteristics related to the disease or the treatments being assessed. Finally, the number of times the models were applied within HTA reports, published literature, and/or major conferences was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen new models were identified and reviewed in depth. Most of these were based on identical key data sources, and applied a similar model structure, either using Markov modeling or microsimulation techniques. The UKPDS equations and panel regressions were frequently used to estimate the occurrence of diabetes-related complications and the probability of developing risk factors in the long term. The qualitative assessment demonstrated that the CARDIFF, Sheffield T2DM and ECHO T2DM models seem technically equipped to appropriately assess the long-term health-economic consequences of chronic treatments for patients with T2DM. It was observed that the CORE model is the most widely described in literature and conferences, and the most often applied model within HTA submissions, followed by the CARDIFF and UKPDS models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research provides an overview of T2DM models that were developed between 2008 and January 2013. The outcomes of the qualitative assessments, combined with frequent use in local reimbursement decisions, prove the applicability of the CORE, CARDIFF and UKPDS models to address decision problems related to the long-term clinical and economic consequences of new and existing T2DM treatments.
authors.affiliation: a a Pharmerit International , Rotterdam , the Netherlands (at the time of the research).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charokopou
authors.affiliation: b b Bristol-Myers Squibb , Rueil-Malmaison , France.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.affiliation: c c AstraZeneca , Brussels , Belgium (at the time of the research).
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: d d Bristol-Myers Squibb , Rueil-Malmaison , France (at the time of the research).
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roudaut
authors.affiliation: e e Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University , Wales , UK.|f f Health Economics & Outcomes Research Ltd , Wales , UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McEwan
authors.affiliation: g g Pharmerit International , Rotterdam , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Verheggen
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical
keywords: Diabetes; Health economics; Model; Qualitative assessment; Systematic literature review