title: MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Long-term outcomes of the treatment of central precocious puberty.
abstract: GnRH analogues (GnRHa) are the treatment of choice for central precocious puberty (CPP), with the main objective to recover the height potential compromised by the premature fusion of growth cartilages. The aim of this review was to analyze long-term effects of GnRHa on height, body weight, reproductive function, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CPP, as well as the potential predictors of outcome. Because randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness and long-term outcomes of treatment are not available, only qualified conclusions about the efficacy of interventions can be drawn. GnRHa treatment appears to improve adult height in girls with CPP, especially if diagnosed before the age of 6, whereas a real benefit in terms of adult height is still controversial in patients with the onset of puberty between 6 and 8 years of age. No height benefit was shown in patients treated after 8 years. Gonadal function is promptly restored in girls after cessation of treatment, and reproductive potential appears normal in young adulthood. Data are conflicting on the long-term risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome in both treated and untreated women. Fat mass is increased at the start of treatment but normalizes thereafter, and GnRHa itself does not seem to have any long-term effect on BMI. Similarly, analogue treatment does not appear to have a negative impact on BMD. Owing to the paucity of data available, no conclusions can be drawn on the repercussions of CPP and/or its treatment on the timing of menopause and on the health of the offspring.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beccuti
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti, 14, I-10126 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesSchool of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghizzoni
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D060728:Reproductive Health; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide