title: Distal Radioulnar Joint Reaction Force Following Ulnar Shortening: Diaphyseal Osteotomy Versus Wafer Resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare how ulnar diaphyseal shortening and wafer resection affect distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) joint reaction force (JRF) using a nondestructive method of measurement. Our hypothesis was that ulnar shortening osteotomy would increase DRUJ JRF more than wafer resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric upper limbs were obtained. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a threaded pin was inserted into the lateral radius orthogonal to the DRUJ and a second pin was placed in the medial ulna coaxial to the radial pin. Each limb was mounted onto a mechanical tensile testing machine and a distracting force was applied across the DRUJ while force and displacement were simultaneously measured. Data sets were entered into a computer and a polynomial was generated and solved to determine the JRF. This process was repeated after ulnar diaphyseal osteotomy, ulnar re-lengthening, and ulnar wafer resection. The JRF was compared among the 4 conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average baseline DRUJ JRF for the 8 arms increased significantly after diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy (7.2 vs 10.3 N). Average JRF after re-lengthening the ulna and wafer resection was 6.9 and 6.7 N, respectively. There were no differences in JRF among baseline, re-lengthened, and wafer resection conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distal radioulnar joint JRF increased significantly after ulnar diaphyseal shortening osteotomy and did not increase after ulnar wafer resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy increases DRUJ JRF, which may lead to DRUJ arthrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Rochester Institute of Technology / University of Rochester Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Canham
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Rochester Institute of Technology / University of Rochester Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schreck
authors.affiliation: Rochester Institute of Technology / University of Rochester Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, NY; Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Noorullah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maqsoodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.affiliation: Rochester Institute of Technology / University of Rochester Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, NY; Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olles
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Rochester Institute of Technology / University of Rochester Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Rochester, NY. Electronic address: openelfar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Elfar
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001858:Bone Nails; D002102:Cadaver; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011884:Radius / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014457:Ulna / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Ulnar shortening; distal radioulnar joint; joint reaction force; wrist