title: Headache as a predictor for dementia: The HUNT Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of headache on dementia is largely unknown. This study examined the association between headache and dementia using data from a large population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based study used data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Surveys performed in 1995-1997 (HUNT2) and 2006-2008 (HUNT3). The reference group (controls) was participants aged ≥55 years who answered the headache questions in HUNT2 and later participated in HUNT3 (n = 15,601). The association with headache status in HUNT2 was investigated in sample of confirmed non-demented elderly evaluated with psychometric tests after HUNT3 (n = 96), and HUNT2 participants later diagnosed with dementia during 1997-2011 (n = 746). The association with headache was evaluated by logistical regression with adjustment for age, gender, level of education, comorbidity, smoking, and anxiety and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any headache was more likely to be reported in HUNT2 among those who later were included in the dementia registry (OR 1.24; 95 % CI 1.04-1.49) compared to the reference group, but less likely among the confirmed non-demented individuals (OR 0.62; 95 % CI 0.39-0.98). This relationship was even stronger for non-migrainous headache, whereas such association was not found for migraine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the reference group, individuals with dementia were more likely to report non-previous migrainous headache in HUNT2, whereas a sample of confirmed non-demented were less likely to report previous non-migrainous headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ane Karoline
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stræte Røttereng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Namsos Hospital, Namsos, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bosnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Psychiatry, Namsos Hospital, Namsos, Norway.
authors.forename: Eystein
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stordal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: John-Anker
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars Jacob
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. knut.hagen@ntnu.no.|Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7006, Trondheim, Norway. knut.hagen@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
keywords: Cognitive decline; Dementia; Headache; Migraine