title: The use of human sewage screening for community surveillance of hepatitis E virus in the UK.
abstract: Hepatitis E virus sequences were detected by RT-PCR in 14/15 (93%) of untreated sewage samples from Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Phylogenetic analysis of amplicons at limiting dilution revealed the co-circulation of multiple variants of HEV-3, with a pattern of diversity matching that observed in a local cohort of HEV-infected hepatitis patients.
authors.affiliation: CIIE, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julius O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Paddy
authors.affiliation: Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simmonds
mesh_terms: D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage
keywords: detection; epidemiology; variation