title: Current Assessment of Reciprocation in Endodontic Preparation: A Comprehensive Review--Part II: Properties and Effectiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many reciprocating file systems (RFs) have recently been introduced. This article reviews the properties, effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of the RFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed electronic search was conducted by using appropriate key words to identify investigations on RFs. After retrieving the full-text relevant articles, the cross citations were also identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review summarizes the mechanical properties, shaping ability, preservation of the root canal anatomy, shaping time, cleaning effectiveness, microcrack formation, bacterial reduction, extrusion of debris, and removal of root canal filling materials of RFs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The favorable results of RFs indicate their potential application as viable alternatives to rotary file systems, yet no filing system is able to entirely prepare the dentin of canals, totally eliminate sessile and planktonic microorganisms, or remove the filling material completely from the root canal system.
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: endo@gianlucaplotino.com.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plotino
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hany Mohamed Aly
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: UFR Odontologie de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Laboratoire Biologie Santé et Nanosciences, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bukiet
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Nickel-titanium instruments; reciprocation; review; root canal preparation