title: Distribution and characterization of Clostridium difficile isolated from dogs in Japan.
abstract: We collected 204 nondiarrhoeic canine fecal samples and isolated 68 Clostridium difficile strains from 62 of these samples. Strains were grouped into 29 PCR ribotypes. Only 47% of the strains were toxigenic.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Motomichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan. Electronic address: tamuray@rakuno.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004285:Dogs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D021521:Ribotyping / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Clostridium difficile; Dogs; PCR ribotype; PFGE; Whole-genome sequencing