title: Glucomannan and glucomannan plus spirulina added to pork significantly block dietary cholesterol effects on lipoproteinemia, arylesterase activity, and CYP7A1 expression in Zucker fa/fa rats.
abstract: Zucker fa/fa rats easily develop dyslipidemia and obesity. Restructured pork (RP) is a suitable matrix for including functional ingredients. The effects of glucomannan- RP or glucomannan plus spirulina-enriched RP on plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels, cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) expression, and arylesterase activity in growing fa/fa rats fed high-energy, high-fat cholesterol-enriched diets were tested. Groups of six rats each received diet containing 15% control-RP (C), 15% glucomannan-RP diet (G), 15% glucomannan + spirulina-RP diet (GS), and same diets enriched with 2.4% cholesterol and 0.49% cholic acid (cholesterol-enriched control (HC), cholesterol-enriched glucomannan (HG), and cholesterol-enriched glucomannan + spirulina (HGS) diets) over a 7-week period. C diet induced obesity, severe hyperglycemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Those facts were not significantly modified by G or GS diets. G diet increased CYP7A1 expression but decreased the total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05) vs. C diet. GS vs. G diet increased (p < 0.05) CYP7A1 expression. HC vs. C diet reduced food intake, body weight gain, and plasma glucose (p < 0.01) but increased cholesterolemia (p < 0.01), lipidemia (plasma cholesterol plus triglycerides) (p < 0.001), cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL (p < 0.05), cholesterol transported by VLDL and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + low density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and CYP7A1 expression (at least p < 0.05). HG and HGS diets vs. HC noticeably reduced lipidemia (p < 0.001), normalized VLDL and IDL + LDL lipid composition, and increased CYP7A1 expression (p < 0.01) but did not modify the cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. HGS vs. HG decreased triglyceridemia, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, G- and GS-RP act as functional foods and notably blocked the dietary cholesterol effects. In addition, HGS-RP improved the glucomannan hypolipidemic effects, increased arylesterase/HDL-cholesterol activity, and decreased insulin resistance.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Torres
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Velasco
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olivero-David
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastida
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benedí
authors.forename: Rafaela Raposo
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Ma José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González-Muñoz
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Muniz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005527:Food, Fortified; D015870:Gene Expression; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D007009:Hypolipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008460:Meat; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008351:Mannans; D014280:Triglycerides; C022901:(1-6)-alpha-glucomannan; D002784:Cholesterol; C532838:CYP7A1 protein, rat; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase