title: Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine in collagen membranes used for periapical guided tissue regeneration.
abstract: Endodontic failure is mainly associated with the persistence of microbial infection in the root canal system and/or the periradicular area. Microorganisms and their toxins located in the root canal system may trigger apical periodontitis and tissue destruction. Tissue regeneration in periapical surgery by using membrane barriers has shown an improved healing and bone closure. However, bacterial membrane contamination is a main reason of failure. In this in vitro study, different brands of chlorhexidine, a combination of chitosan nanoparticles containing chlorhexidine were tested against Enterococcus faecalis on agar plate's cultures and infected collagen membranes. Our results indicated that chitosan nanoparticles acted synergistically with chlorhexidine, inhibiting and eliminating significantly a greater amount of colony former units in both BHI-agar cultures and infected collagen membranes. These results suggested that chitosan nanoparticles could be used to improve regenerative procedures in periapical surgery.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address: urielusb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Uriel Soto
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Barreras
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address: endofer@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando Torres
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address: ritae_martinez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rita Elizabeth Martínez
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address: caluma_285@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina Samano
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.affiliation: Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato, Mexico. Electronic address: panfilo_raymundo64@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Panfilo Raymundo Martinez
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Electronic address: juanpablo.loyola8@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo Loyola
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D003094:Collagen; D048271:Chitosan; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Bactericidal activity; Bone regeneration; E. faecalis; Nanoparticles; Oral surgery