title: Physiological and metabolomic analysis of Punica granatum (L.) under drought stress.
abstract: Punica granatum has a noticeable adaptation to drought stress. The levels of the green leaf volatile trans-2-hexenal increased in response to drought stress suggesting a possible role of this compound in drought stress response in pomegranate. Punica granatum (L.) is a highly valued fruit crop for its health-promoting effects and it is mainly cultivated in semi-arid areas. Thus, understanding the response mechanisms to drought stress is of great importance. In the present research, a metabolomics analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of drought stress on volatile organic compounds extracted from the leaves of pomegranate plants grown under water shortage conditions. The time course experiment (7 days of water deprivation and 24-h recovery) consisted of three treatments (control, drought stress, and rehydration of drought-stressed plants). Plant weights were recorded and control plants were irrigated daily at pot capacity to provide the lost water. Fraction of transpirable soil water has been evaluated as indicator of soil water availability in stressed plants. The levels of proline, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation as well as of the photosynthetic parameters such as photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (g s), photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, and photochemical quenching were monitored after the imposition of drought stress and recovery as markers of plant stress. Constitutive carbon volatile components were analyzed in the leaf of control and drought-stressed leaves using Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction sampling coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. A total of 12 volatile compounds were found in pomegranate leaf profiles, mainly aldehydes, alcohols, and organic acids. Among them, the trans-2-hexenal showed a significant increase in water-stressed and recovered leaves respect to the well-watered ones. These data evidence a possible role of the oxylipin pathway in the response to water stress in pomegranate plants.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca Firenze, CNR-IPSP, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Florence, Italy.|Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali (DiSAAA-a), Università Degli Studi di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy.|Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca Firenze, CNR-IVALSA, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Catola
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca Firenze, CNR-IVALSA, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca Firenze, CNR-IVALSA, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.affiliation: Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), Baku, Azerbaijan.
authors.forename: Taravat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huseynova
authors.affiliation: Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), Baku, Azerbaijan.
authors.forename: Mirza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musayev
authors.affiliation: Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), Baku, Azerbaijan.
authors.forename: Zeynal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akparov
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca Firenze, CNR-IPSP, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Florence, Italy. elena.maserti@ipsp.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Bianca Elena
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Maserti
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D055864:Droughts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D002734:Chlorophyll; C051750:2-hexenal; D011392:Proline; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Abiotic stress; Green leaf volatile; Plant stress; Pomegranate; Trans-2-hexenal