title: Soxhlet-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion to extract flavonoids from rape (Brassica campestris) bee pollen.
abstract: Soxhlet-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion (SA-MSPD) method was developed to extract flavonoids from rape (Brassica campestris) bee pollen. Extraction parameters including the extraction solvent, the extraction time, and the solid support conditions were investigated and optimized. The best extraction yields were obtained using ethanol as the extraction solvent, silica gel as the solid support with 1:2 samples to solid support ratio, and the extraction time of one hour. Comparing with the conventional solvent extraction and Soxhlet method, our results show that SA-MSPD method is a more effective technique with clean-up ability. In the test of six different samples of rape bee pollen, the extracted content of flavonoids was close to 10mg/g. The present work provided a simple and effective method for extracting flavonoids from rape bee pollen, and it could be applied in the studies of other kinds of bee pollen.
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuangqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xijuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China. Electronic address: wbchen@fafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; MOE Engineering Research Center of Bee Products Processing and Application, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR China. Electronic address: wzh516@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhenhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D001937:Brassica; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004867:Equipment Design; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: Bee pollen; Continuous extraction; Flavonoids; Matrix solid phase dispersion; Soxhlet extraction