title: Maternal depression and anxiety predicts the pattern of offspring symptoms during their transition to adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Episodes of depression and anxiety (D&A) during the transition from late adolescence to adulthood, particularly when persistent, are predictive of long-term disorders and associated public health burden. Understanding risk factors at this time is important to guide intervention. The current objective was to investigate the associations between maternal symptoms of D&A with offspring symptoms during their transition to adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a large population-based birth cohort study, in South Brazil, were used. Prospective associations between maternal D&A and offspring risk of these symptoms during the transition to adulthood (18/19, 24 and 30 years) were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal D&A in adolescence was associated with offspring symptoms across the transition to adulthood, associations were consistently stronger for females than for males. Daughters whose mothers reported D&A were 4.6 times (95% confidence interval 2.71-7.84) as likely to report D&A at all three time-points, than daughters of symptom-free mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal D&A is associated with persistent D&A during the daughter's transition to adulthood. Intervention strategies should consider the mother's mental health.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol University,UK.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Nutrition,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,Brasil.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: González-Chica
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Education,Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Brasil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Health Science,Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados,Mato Grosso do Sul,Brasil.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Course in Health and Behavior,Universidade Católica de Pelotas,Pelotas,Brazil.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Depertment of Psychiatry,Oxford Univeristy,UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Victora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cohort study; common mental disorder; intergenerational; mental health; offspring