title: TRIM28 as an independent prognostic marker plays critical roles  in glioma progression.
abstract: Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we examined the expression, biological function, and clinical significance of tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) in glioma, a locally aggressive brain tumor. First, TRIM28 expression was significantly higher in glioma (n = 138) than in non-glioma controls (n = 6). TRIM28 expression was positively correlated with tumor malignancy, and associated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Notably, TRIM28 expression was negatively correlated with p21 expression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A multivariate analysis that included relevant measures indicated that high TRIM28 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor OS and PFS in GBM patients. In experiments with cultured glioma cells, down-regulating TRIM28 with shRNA increased p21 expression, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. In a xenograft model, down-regulating TRIM28 suppressed tumor growth. These results indicate that over-expression of TRIM28 is associated with poor outcome in glioma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Zeng-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Chao
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. gongyan8811@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. yu_yao03@126.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.|State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D000076183:Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C101116:TRIM28 protein, human; D000076183:Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28