title: Versatile Clinical Application of the Spike Screw: Direct Anchorage Versus Indirect Anchorage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article represents clinical application of spike screw, novel design of miniscrew, for direct anchorage and indirect anchorage in orthodontic treatment. Accompanied by easy placement and removal, the spike screw provides good stability for the orthodontic anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spike screw consists of 6 spikes attached to a washer with laser welded stainless-steel hook that is placed by self-drilling fixation miniscrew. The spike screws were applied to correct malocclusions in patients as follows: traction of impacted canines and protraction of posterior teeth as a direct anchorage and correction of midline discrepancy as an indirect anchorage. For orthodontic traction of impacted canines, spike screws were placed in the mandibular labial mucosal area to create extrusive forces. Afterward, it was utilized for the protraction of posterior teeth. In the second case of the indirect anchorage, spike screw was applied on the midpalatal area to correct midline discrepancy that occurred during orthodontic treatment. The extended hook of a washer was prebended along the curvature of the palate and then secured with a mini screw. The extended hook was bonded to maxillary left first molar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first case, the spike screw provided adequate anchorage for the vertical traction of horizontally impacted canine. Since the spike screws were placed in the mandibular anterior lesion, the vertical traction force was applied simply with orthodontic elastics. Also, enough distance was achieved for up-down elastics to work by placing the spike screw in the opposite arch. The force of vertical traction was adjusted with selection of size and force of up-down elastics. Later, it was used to provide anchorage for protraction of mandibular molars without changing orientation of the spike screws. In the second case, the spike screw placed in the midpalatal area was attached to the left first molar and worked as an indirect anchorage. The midline discrepancy was resolved by consolidating the spaces to the left with securing the left first molar location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel design of the spike screw permits clinicians to have minimum invasive and easy placement and removal of the appliance while maintaining a good control over tooth movement with improved stability in various clinical cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Soon-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Ki-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008904:Miniaturization; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000628:therapy