title: Prevalence and Associated Factors of Subjective Halitosis in Korean Adolescents.
abstract: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of subjective halitosis in adolescents. In total, 359,263 participants were selected from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) from 2009 through 2013. Demographic data including age, sex, obesity and residency; psychosocial factors such as subjective health, stress, and economic levels; and dietary factors such as alcohol consumption; smoking; and fruit, soda, fast food, instant noodle, confection, and vegetable consumption were analyzed for correlations with halitosis using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses with complex sampling. In total, 23.6% of the participants reported the presence of halitosis. The following subjectively assessed factors were related to halitosis: poor health status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.56), overweight or obese (AOR = 1.37), stress (AOR = 2.56), and lower economic levels (AOR = 1.85). The high intake of fast food (AOR = 1.15), instant noodles (AOR = 1.17), and confections (AOR = 1.17) and the low intake of fruits (AOR = 1.22) and vegetables (AOR = 1.19) were also related to halitosis. The prevalence of subjective halitosis in the studied adolescents was 23.6%. Specific psychosocial factors and dietary intake were related to halitosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Songyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Gyun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Bumjung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Geun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors