title: Validation of the 9-Point and 24-Point Hematoma Expansion Prediction Scores and Derivation of the PREDICT A/B Scores.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nine- and 24-point prediction scores have recently been published to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. We sought to validate these scores and perform an independent analysis of HE predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 301 primary or anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage patients presenting <6 hours post ictus prospectively enrolled in the Predicting Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus Computed Tomography (PREDICT) study. Patients underwent baseline computed tomography angiography and 24-hour noncontrast computed tomography follow-up for HE analysis. Discrimination and calibration of the 9- and 24-point scores was assessed. Independent predictors of HE were identified using multivariable regression and incorporated into the PREDICT A/B scores, which were then compared with existing scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 9- and 24-point HE scores demonstrated acceptable discrimination for HE>6 mL or 33% and >6 mL, respectively (area under the curve of 0.706 and 0.755, respectively). The 24-point score demonstrated appropriate calibration in the PREDICT cohort (χ2 statistic, 11.5; P=0.175), whereas the 9-point score demonstrated poor calibration (χ2 statistic, 34.3; P<0.001). Independent HE predictors included spot sign number, time from onset, warfarin use or international normalized ratio>1.5, Glasgow Coma Scale, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and were included in PREDICT A/B scores. PREDICT A showed improved discrimination compared with both existing scores, whereas performance of PREDICT B varied by definition of expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 9- and 24-point expansion scores demonstrate acceptable discrimination in an independent multicenter cohort; however, calibration was suboptimal for the 9-point score. The PREDICT A score showed improved discrimination for HE prediction but requires independent validation.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.). thien.huynh@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Thien J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Aviv
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Dar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dowlatshahi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gladstone
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laupacis
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Luna
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Imanuel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dzialowski
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Cheemun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Jean-Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Gord
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gubitz
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Vasantha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padma
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Jayanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Symons
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology and Department of Medical Imaging (T.J.H., R.I.A., S.P.S.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Brain Sciences Program (D.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (M.D.H., A.M.D.); Department of Medicine (Neurology) (D.D.) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Neuroradiology Section, The Ottawa Hospital (C.L.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (A.L.); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada (A.K.); Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M., D.R.-L.); Department Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meissen, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Dresden, Meissen, Germany (I.D.); Department of Neurology, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Girona (IDIBGi) Foundation, Girona, Spain (Y.S.); Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (A.K.); Department of Medicine, Charles LeMoyne Hospital, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, Canada (J.-M.B.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (G.G.); Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (R.B., V.P.); Department of Neuromedicine, AMRI Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, India (J.R.); and Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA (C.S.K.).
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demchuk
mesh_terms: D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale / Q000592:standards; D006406:Hematoma; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: angiography; cerebral hemorrhage; prognosis; risk factors; stroke