title: Diversity of ectomycorrhizal Thelephoraceae in Tuber melanosporum-cultivated orchards of Northern Spain.
abstract: Truffles are edible hypogeous ascomycetes highly appreciated worldwide, especially the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.). In recent decades, the cultivation of the black truffle has expanded across the Mediterranean climate regions in and outside its native range. Members of the Thelephoraceae (Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) are commonly found in truffle plantations, but their co-occurrence with Tuber species and other members of the fungal community has been scarcely reported. Thelephoraceae is one of the most represented families of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community in boreal and Mediterranean forests. To reveal the diversity of these fungi in T. melanosporum-cultivated plantations, ten orchards located in the Navarra region (Northern Spain) were surveyed for 2 years. Morphological and molecular approaches were used to detect and identify the Thelephoraceae ectomycorrhizas present in those plantations. Ten different mycorrhizal types were detected and described. Four of them were morphologically identified as Tomentella galzinii, Quercirhiza cumulosa, Q. squamosa, and T39 Thelephoraceae type. Molecular analyses revealed 4-6 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), depending on the nucleotide database used, but similarities remained under 95 % and no clear species assignments could be done. The results confirm the diversity and abundance of this fungal family in the ectomycorrhizal community of black truffle plantations, generally established in Mediterranean areas. The occurrence and relative abundance of Thelephoraceae ectomycorrhizas is discussed in relation to their possible influence on truffle production.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Miguel
authors.affiliation: Área de Botánica, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, EU de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004, Soria, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Águeda
authors.affiliation: INTIA, Avda. Serapio Huici 22, 31610, Villava, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Raimundo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida de Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: IRTA, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2, 08348, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain. xavier.parlade@irta.cat.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parladé
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D065928:Forests; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity; Pseudotomentella; Quercirhiza squamosa; Tomentella; Truffle plantations