title: Benefits of Regular Exercise on Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese Adults.
abstract: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that increases the risk of several well-known co-morbidities. There is a complicated relationship between adipokines and low-grade inflammation in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity practices have beneficial health effects on obesity and related disorders such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. We investigated the effects of 6 and 12 months of moderate physical training on the levels of adipokines and CVD markers in normal weight, overweight and obese volunteers. The 143 participants were followed up at baseline and after six and twelfth months of moderate regular exercise, 2 times a week, for 12 months. The volunteers were distributed into 3 groups: Normal Weight Group (NWG,), Overweight Group (OVG) and Obese Group (OBG). We evaluated blood pressure, resting heart rate, anthropometric parameters, body composition, fitness capacity (VO2max and isometric back strength), cardiovascular markers (CRP, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, homocysteine) and adipokine levels (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha). There were no significant changes in anthropometric parameters and body composition in any of the groups following 6 and 12 months of exercise training. Leptin, IL-6 levels and systolic blood pressure were significantly elevated in OBG before the training. Regular exercise decreased HDL-c, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels and diastolic blood pressure in OVG. In OBG, exercise diminished HDL-c, homocysteine, leptin, resistin, IL-6, adiponectin. Moderate exercise had no effect on the body composition; however, exercise did promote beneficial effects on the low-grade inflammatory state and CVD clinical markers in overweight and obese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Olivia Santos
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Gondim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Tadeu Nunes
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Almeida
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Fátima de Oliveira
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Elizabeth Pereira
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar Miguel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Momesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Coneglian
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorjão
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania Cristina
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pithon-Curi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Science, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cury-Boaventura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056865:Ideal Body Weight / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers