title: Electromembrane extraction through a virtually rotating supported liquid membrane.
abstract: Electromembrane extraction (EME) of model analytes was carried out using a virtually rotating supported liquid membrane (SLM). The virtual (nonmechanical) rotating of the SLM was achieved using a novel electrode assembly including a central electrode immersed inside the lumen of the SLM and five counter electrodes surrounding the SLM. A particular electronic circuit was designed to distribute the potential among five counter electrodes in a rotating pattern. The effect of the experimental parameters on the recovery of the extraction was investigated for verapamil (VPL), trimipramine (TRP), and clomipramine (CLP) as the model analytes and 2-ethyl hexanol as the SLM solvent. The results showed that the recovery of the extraction is a function of the angular velocity of the virtual rotation. The best results were obtained at an angular velocity of 1.83 RadS(-1) (or a rotation frequency of 0.29 Hz).The optimization of the parameters gave higher recoveries up to 50% greater than those of a conventional EME method. The rotating also allowed the extraction to be carried out at shorter time (15 min) and lower voltage (200 V) with respect to the conventional extraction. The model analytes were successfully extracted from wastewater and human urine samples with recoveries ranging from 38 to 85%. The RSD of the determinations was in the range of 12.6 to 14.8%.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saied Saeed
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hosseiny Davarani
authors.affiliation: Research School of Physics and Accelerators, NSTRI, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Moazami
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Memarian
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nojavan
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012399:Rotation; D014299:Trimipramine / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D014700:Verapamil / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D002997:Clomipramine; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014299:Trimipramine; D014700:Verapamil; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Electromembrane extraction; Human plasma; Rotating supported liquid membrane; Tricyclic anti-depressant; Wastewater