title: Cytotoxic effects and apoptosis induction of enrofloxacin in hepatic cell line of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).
abstract: We determined the effect of enrofloxacin on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis in the hepatic cell line of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Cultured cells were treated with different concentrations of enrofloxacin (12.5-200 ug/mL) for 24 h. We found that the cytotoxic effect of enrofloxacin was mediated by apoptosis, and that this apoptosis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The doses of 50,100 and 200 μg/mL enrofloxacin increased the LDH release and MDA concentration, induced cell apoptosis and reduced the ΔΨm compared to the control. The highest dose of 200 ug/mL enrofloxacin also significantly induced apoptosis accompanied by ΔΨm disruption and ROS generation and significantly reduced T-AOC and increased MDA concentration compared to the control. Our results suggest that the dose of 200 ug/mL enrofloxacin exerts its cytotoxic effect and produced ROS via apoptosis by affecting the mitochondria of the hepatic cells of grass carp.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China. Electronic address: liub@ffrc.cn.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
authors.forename: Xianping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China. Electronic address: xiej@ffrc.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China. Electronic address: xup@ffrc.cn.
authors.forename: Pao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000077422:Enrofloxacin
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Enrofloxacin; Grass carp; Hepatic cell; ROS