title: Sexual Assault Prevention Efforts in the U.S. Air Force: A Systematic Review and Content Analysis.
abstract: The issue of sexual assault in the U.S. military is problematic and prevalent. All military branches have undertaken an effort to develop and implement sexual assault prevention programs (SAPPs), yet these programs lack a rigorous and independent evaluation process, limiting an understanding of effectiveness. We examined the four official SAPPs that have been used within the U.S. Air Force (USAF) over the past decade by comparing their content and process with best practice suggestions for SAPPs. Content of the four USAF SAPPs was evaluated on 47 different criteria grouped into the following program elements: content, process, and outcome. Independent ratings of the criteria were reliable, and results indicated strengths and opportunities for improvement. Most notably, evidence of an objective program evaluation system is lacking. Recommendations for improving SAPPs are offered.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Christine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gedney
authors.affiliation: 2 Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundahl
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Butters
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012931:Social Environment; D012938:Social Perception
keywords: bystander intervention; military; prevention; program evaluation; sexual assault