title: Seasonal Abundance of Mango Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Ecological Implications for Their Management in Mango and Cashew Orchards in Benin (Centre & North).
abstract: We report the results of a large-scale (six orchards) and long-term (5-yr) study on seasonal population fluctuations of fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae) in mango (2005-2009) and cashew (2007-2009) orchards in the Borgou Department, Benin.During the five consecutive years of mango fruit fly monitoring, 25 tephritid species were captured including three species of Bactrocera, 11 of Ceratitis, and 11 of Dacus, which is represented by 2,138,150 specimens in mango orchards. We observed significant differences in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) counts between "high" and "low" mango production years from 2005 to 2008 but not in Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) counts. The native species, C. cosyra, the most abundant species during the dry season, peaked beginning of May, while the exotic species, B. dorsalis, the most abundant species during the rainy season, peaked in June. Preliminary results underlined the role of nine species of wild hosts and seven species of cultivated ones around mango orchards that played an important role in maintaining B. dorsalis in this Sudan zone all year round. The presence of C. cosyra stretched over 9 mo.During the first 14 wk of tephritid monitoring on cashew orchards situated near mango orchards, most flies (62%) were captured in traps positioned in cashew orchards, showing the strong interest of an early fly control on cashew before the mango season. According to these results, in the Sudan zone, effective and compatible control methods as proposed by the IPM package validated by the West African Fruit Fly Initiative project against mango fruit flies are proposed for a large regional tephritid control program in same zones of West Africa.
authors.affiliation: CIRAD Persyst, UPR HortSys, Montpellier, 34398 France. IITA, Biological Control Unit for Africa, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Rép. du Bénin. j.vayssieres@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vayssières
authors.affiliation: Royal Museum for Central Africa, Department of Biology, Leuvensesteenweg, 13 B3080, Tervuren, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Meyer
authors.affiliation: Université d'Abomey Calavi, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ouagoussounon
authors.affiliation: Université d'Abomey Calavi, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinzogan
authors.affiliation: ENSTA - Kétou, Université d'Agriculture de Kétou, EGPVS, 08 BP 1055, Kétou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adandonon
authors.affiliation: IITA, P. M. B. 5320, Ibadan, 200001, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korie
authors.affiliation: Université d'Abomey Calavi, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wargui
authors.affiliation: ENSTA - Kétou, Université d'Agriculture de Kétou, EGPVS, 08 BP 1055, Kétou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anato
authors.affiliation: ENSTA - Kétou, Université d'Agriculture de Kétou, EGPVS, 08 BP 1055, Kétou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Houngbo
authors.affiliation: CIRAD Persyst, UPR HortSys, Montpellier, 34398 France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Didier
authors.affiliation: CIRAD Persyst, UPR HortSys, Montpellier, 34398 France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Bon
authors.affiliation: IITA, Biological Control Unit for Africa, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Rép. du Bénin.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goergen
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D001541:Benin; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D031022:Mangifera / Q000254:growth & development; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis; Ceratitis spp.; Sudan zone; West Africa; host range; seasonal distribution pattern