title: Honey and beehive products in otorhinolaryngology: a narrative review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Honey and beehive products were rediscovered as an alternative treatment in wounds. The medicinal properties also raised interest of their use in Otorhinolaryngology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To give an overview of the effectiveness of beehive products in Otorhinolaryngology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative.
  A literature search of the databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane was performed from the last two decades till December 2014. The search terms 'honey', 'propolis' or 'royal jelly' were used. Articles, which evaluated the effectiveness of beehive products in Otorhinolaryngology, were included. The quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 36 studies were identified and evaluated. Eighteen studies investigated their effect in oral infections, seven in infection of the respiratory tract, six in rhino-sinusal diseases, four investigated the use in tonsillectomy and head and neck surgery and one study explored the preventive effect in otitis media. Honey can be considered as effective (additional) treatment in mucositis, childhood cough, persistent post-infectious cough and after tonsillectomy. Propolis may have a role in the treatment of (aphthous) stomatitis, mouth ulcer and prevention of acute otitis media. Royal jelly showed to reduce mucositis. In the presented studies, beehive products proved to be safe, with only minor adverse reactions. Studies showed to be diverse and had some methodological limitations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands. darius.henatsch@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henatsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kross
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stokroos
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006722:Honey; D006801:Humans; D010036:Otolaryngology; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011429:Propolis; D000099219:Royal Jelly