title: Comparison of Two Acute Toxicity Test Methods for the Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).
abstract: Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and an ideal nontarget organism to study the environmental assessment of pesticides. Two acute toxicity test methods, leaf-dipping and quantitative spraying, with five insecticides, were compared for pesticide risk assessment. Based on LC50 values of these insecticides by both methods, the order of toxicity levels of five insecticides tested against silkworm was as follows: emamectin benzoate>lambda-cyhalothrin>imidacloprid>chlorpyrifos>dimethoate. Means of relative confidence interval values for individual insecticides of leaf-dipping and quantitative spraying method were-emamectin benzoate (22.55 and 19.03%), lambda-cyhalothrin (18.03 and 17.71%), imidacloprid (19.21 and 16.96%), chlorpyrifos (17.20 and 15.97%), and dimethoate (17.78 and 15.81%). The coefficient of variation values were-emamectin benzoate (17.74 and 5.44%), lambda-cyhalothrin (21.15 and 5.16%), imidacloprid (13.01 and 5.65%), chlorpyrifos (16.72 and 4.85%), and dimethoate (28.36 and 7.93%). The results of the study show that the quantitative spraying method is more effective than the leaf-dipping method in precision and reproducibility. The results of this study will offer a useful reference for selecting a more scientific and rational method for pesticide risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China. Center for Pesticide Environment Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China. Center for Pesticide Environment Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China. qiaokang11-11@163.com.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Center for Agrochemical Biological and Environmental Technology (CABET), Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture (ICAMA), Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Center for Agrochemical Biological and Environmental Technology (CABET), Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture (ICAMA), Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ronghua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China. Center for Pesticide Environment Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kaiyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx; D007306:Insecticides; D018570:Risk Assessment; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: leaf-dipping method; quantitative spraying method; risk assessment; silkworm