title: Cerebrospinal fluid substance P concentrations are elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The neuropeptides substance P, orexin A (hypocretin-1) and neurotensin are signaling molecules that influence brain activity. We examined their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels in a study population consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD dementia upon follow-up (n=32), stable MCI (SMCI, n=13), other dementias (n=15), and healthy controls (n=20). CSF substance P level was increased in AD patients compared to patients with other dementias and healthy controls (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Patients with other dementia or SMCI had lower CSF orexin A level than AD patients (both P<0.05) and marginally lower level than healthy controls (both P=0.05). CSF neurotensin level was similar in all groups. In the total study population (n=80), CSF substance P level correlated positively with CSF levels of T-tau and P-tau, and in AD patients (n=32), CSF substance P level correlated positively with CSF Aβ1-42 level. In conclusion, CSF substance P level was elevated in AD patients and correlated with CSF Aβ1-42 level, a well established marker of senile plaque pathology. The role of low CSF orexin A level in other dementias or SMCI needs to be explored in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Skaraborg Central Hospital, SE-521 85 Falköping, Sweden; Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan-Ove
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andreasson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Skaraborg Central Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden. Electronic address: johan.svensson@medic.gu.se.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000068797:Orexins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013373:Substance P / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D000068797:Orexins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D013373:Substance P; D009496:Neurotensin
keywords: Alzheimer’s; Cerebrospinal fluid; Dementia; Neurotensin; Orexin A; Substance P; disease