title: Psychometric evaluation of the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supporting recovery is the aim of national mental health policy in many countries. However, only one measure of recovery has been developed in England: the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR), which measures recovery from the perspective of adult mental health service users with a psychosis diagnosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To independently evaluate the psychometric properties of the 15- and 22-item versions of the QPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples were used: data-set 1 (n = 88) involved assessment of the QPR at baseline, 2 weeks and 3 months. Data-set 2 (n = 399; trial registration: ISRCTN02507940) involved assessment of the QPR at baseline and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 15-item version, internal consistency was 0.89, convergent validity was 0.73, test-retest reliability was 0.74 and sensitivity to change was 0.40. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the 15-item version offered a good fit. For the 22-item version, the interpersonal subscale was found to underperform and the intrapersonal subscale overlaps substantially with the 15-item version.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the 15-item and the intrapersonal subscale of the 22-item versions of the QPR demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. The 15-item version is slightly more robust and also less burdensome, so it can be recommended for use in research and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Julie Williams, MSc, Mary Leamy, PhD, Francesca Pesola, PhD, Victoria Bird, PhD, Clair Le Boutillier, MSc, Mike Slade, PhD, King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK julie.williams@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Julie Williams, MSc, Mary Leamy, PhD, Francesca Pesola, PhD, Victoria Bird, PhD, Clair Le Boutillier, MSc, Mike Slade, PhD, King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leamy
authors.affiliation: Julie Williams, MSc, Mary Leamy, PhD, Francesca Pesola, PhD, Victoria Bird, PhD, Clair Le Boutillier, MSc, Mike Slade, PhD, King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pesola
authors.affiliation: Julie Williams, MSc, Mary Leamy, PhD, Francesca Pesola, PhD, Victoria Bird, PhD, Clair Le Boutillier, MSc, Mike Slade, PhD, King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.affiliation: Julie Williams, MSc, Mary Leamy, PhD, Francesca Pesola, PhD, Victoria Bird, PhD, Clair Le Boutillier, MSc, Mike Slade, PhD, King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Clair
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Boutillier
authors.affiliation: Julie Williams, MSc, Mary Leamy, PhD, Francesca Pesola, PhD, Victoria Bird, PhD, Clair Le Boutillier, MSc, Mike Slade, PhD, King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004739:England; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*