title: Measuring happiness in individuals with profound multiple disabilities.
abstract: This quantitative study assessed whether presentation of preferred items and activities during multiple periods of the day (and over multiple days) increased indices of happiness (over time/sustained) in individuals with PMD. A multiple baseline design across participants was utilized to measure changes in indices of happiness of the participants. Participants were recruited from an adult day activity program specializing in providing assistance to individuals with disabilities. For Mary, baseline indices of happiness were 26.67% of intervals, increasing 6.76% during intervention to 33.43%. For Caleb, baseline indices of happiness were 20.84% of intervals, increasing 6.34% during intervention to 27.18%. For Mark, baseline indices of happiness were 40.00% of intervals, increasing 12.75% during intervention to 52.75%. Overall interobserver agreement was 82.8%, with interobserver agreement observations occurring during 63.04% of the observations. The results of the investigation demonstrated that presenting preferred items and activities increased the indices of happiness compared to baseline rates of indices of happiness. Results may have been more robust if the participants were assessed for overall responsiveness patterns prior to the initiation of measurement of indices of happiness.
authors.affiliation: Benchmark Human Services, United States. Electronic address: josephdarling1984@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Darling
authors.affiliation: Northcentral University, United States; University of Nebraska-Omaha, United States.
authors.forename: Deborah K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Circo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001037:Aphasia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Applied behavior analysis; Happiness; Profound multiple disabilities