title: Ischemic Preconditioning and Placebo Intervention Improves Resistance Exercise Performance.
abstract: This study evaluated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on resistance exercise performance in the lower limbs. Thirteen men participated in a randomized crossover design that involved 3 separate sessions (IPC, PLACEBO, and control). A 12-repetition maximum (12RM) load for the leg extension exercise was assessed through test and retest sessions before the first experimental session. The IPC session consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion at 220 mm Hg of pressure alternated with 5 minutes of reperfusion at 0 mm Hg for a total of 40 minutes. The PLACEBO session consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of cuff administration at 20 mm Hg of pressure alternated with 5 minutes of pseudo-reperfusion at 0 mm Hg for a total of 40 minutes. The occlusion and reperfusion phases were conducted alternately between the thighs, with subjects remaining seated. No ischemic pressure was applied during the control (CON) session and subjects sat passively for 40 minutes. Eight minutes after IPC, PLACEBO, or CON, subjects performed 3 repetition maximum sets of the leg extension (2-minute rest between sets) with the predetermined 12RM load. Four minutes after the third set for each condition, blood lactate was assessed. The results showed that for the first set, the number of repetitions significantly increased for both the IPC (13.08 ± 2.11; p = 0.0036) and PLACEBO (13.15 ± 0.88; p = 0.0016) conditions, but not for the CON (11.88 ± 1.07; p > 0.99) condition. In addition, the IPC and PLACEBO conditions resulted insignificantly greater repetitions vs. the CON condition on the first set (p = 0.015; p = 0.007) and second set (p = 0.011; p = 0.019), but not on the third set (p = 0.68; p > 0.99). No difference (p = 0.465) was found in the fatigue index and lactate concentration between conditions. These results indicate that IPC and PLACEBO IPC may have small beneficial effects on repetition performance over a CON condition. Owing to potential for greater discomfort associated with the IPC condition, it is suggested that ischemic preconditioning might be practiced gradually to assess tolerance and potential enhancements to exercise performance.
authors.affiliation: 1Human Performance and Sport Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil; 2Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; 3Health and Human Performance Department, Rocky Mountain College, Billings, Montana; 4Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Physical Education Post-Graduation Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and 5Rehabilitation and Sport Research Group, Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Augusto Motta (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moacir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marocolo
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Willardson
authors.forename: Isabela C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Marocolo
authors.forename: Gustavo Ribeiro
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: da Mota
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simão
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maior
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult