title: Etiology and Incidence of Viral Acute Respiratory Infections Among Refugees Aged 5 Years and Older in Hagadera Camp, Dadaab, Kenya.
abstract: We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya Medical Research Institute Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Surveillance System data to estimate severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospitalization rates, viral etiology, and associated complaints of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and SARI conditions among those aged 5 years and older in Hagadera, Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya, for 2010-2012. A total of 471 patients aged ≥ 5 years met the case definition for ILI or SARI. SARI hospitalization rates per 10,000 person-years were 14.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.1, 22.2) for those aged 5-14 years; 3.4 (95% CI = 1.6, 7.2) for those aged 15-24 year; and 3.8 (95% CI = 1.6, 7.2) for those aged ≥ 25 years. Persons between the ages of 5 and 14 years had 3.5 greater odds to have been hospitalized as a result of SARI than those aged ≥ 25 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5, P < 0.001). Among the 419 samples tested, 169 (40.3%) were positive for one or more virus. Of those samples having viruses, 36.9% had influenza A; 29.9% had adenovirus; 20.2% had influenza B; and 14.4% had parainfluenza 1, 2, or 3. Muscle/joint pain was associated with influenza A (P = 0.002), whereas headache was associated with influenza B (P = 0.019). ARIs were responsible for a substantial disease burden in Hagadera camp.
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia gediim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gedi A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jamal A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Abdinoor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moturi
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Wagacha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Samora
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otieno
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kabugi
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Hashim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees, Nairobi, Kenya; International Rescue Committee, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Cookson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009980:Influenza A virus; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D055815:Young Adult