title: Antiviral Activity of Gold/Copper Sulfide Core/Shell Nanoparticles against Human Norovirus Virus-Like Particles.
abstract: Human norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in a plethora of residential and commercial settings, including restaurants, schools, and hospitals. Methods for easily detecting the virus and for treating and preventing infection are critical to stopping norovirus outbreaks, and inactivation via nanoparticles (NPs) is a more universal and attractive alternative to other physical and chemical approaches. Using norovirus GI.1 (Norwalk) virus-like particles (VLPs) as a model viral system, this study characterized the antiviral activity of Au/CuS core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) against GI.1 VLPs for the rapid inactivation of HuNoV. Inactivation of VLPs (GI.1) by Au/CuS NPs evaluated using an absorbance-based ELISA indicated that treatment with 0.083 μM NPs for 10 min inactivated ~50% VLPs in a 0.37 μg/ml VLP solution and 0.83 μM NPs for 10 min completely inactivated the VLPs. Increasing nanoparticle concentration and/or VLP-NP contact time significantly increased the virucidal efficacy of Au/CuS NPs. Changes to the VLP particle morphology, size, and capsid protein were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis. The strategy reported here provides the first reported proof-of-concept Au/CuS NPs-based virucide for rapidly inactivating human norovirus.
authors.affiliation: Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jessica Jenkins
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Broglie
authors.affiliation: Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brittny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alston
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Audrey F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Adcock
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Liju
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010316:Particle Size; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper; C017846:cupric sulfide