title: An Image-Based Reduction of Metal Artifacts in Computed Tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various strategies have been developed in the past to reduce the excessive effects of metal artifacts in computed tomography images. From straightforward sinogram inpainting-based methods to computationally expensive iterative methods, all have been successful in improving the image quality up to a certain degree. We propose a novel image-based metal artifact subtraction method that achieves a superior image quality and at the same time provides a quantitatively more accurate image.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our proposed method consists of prior image-based sinogram inpainting, metal sinogram extraction, and metal artifact image subtraction. Reconstructing the metal images from the extracted metal-contaminated portions in the sinogram yields a streaky image that eventually can be subtracted from the uncorrected image. The prior image is reconstructed from the sinogram that is free from the metal-contaminated portions by use of a total variation (TV) minimization algorithm, and the reconstructed prior image is fed into the forward projector so that the missing portions in the sinogram can be recovered. Image quality of the metal artifact-reduced images on selected areas was assessed by the structure similarity index for the simulated data and SD for the real dental data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulation phantom studies showed higher structure similarity index values for the proposed metal artifact reduction (MAR) images than the standard MAR images. Thus, more artifact suppression was observed in proposed MAR images. In real dental phantom data study, lower SD values were calculated from the proposed MAR images. The findings in real human arm study were also consistent with the results in all phantom studies. Thus, compared with standard MAR images, lesser artifact intensity was exhibited by the proposed MAR images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the quantitative calculations, our proposed method has shown to be effective and superior to the conventional approach in both simulation and real dental phantom cases.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; and †School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rizza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pua
authors.forename: Sunhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wi
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung-Ryun
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seungryong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals