title: Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine by carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase.
abstract: A novel method was developed for the analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters (MNTs) in human urine by carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase method (CM-LPME-SSP) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). By adding an appropriate carrier in organic phase, simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic analytes, MNTs, with high enrichment factors (22.6-36.1 folds) and excellent sample cleanup was achieved. A new strategy, solidifying the aqueous stripping phase in the back-extraction process, was developed to facilitate the collection of the stripping phase as small as a few microliters. Combined with HPLC-ECD analysis, the linear ranges of the established method were 0.015-2.0 μg/mL for NE, E, DA, and 0.020-2.0 μg/mL for 5-HT. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 5.5-10.8 ng/mL and 15-20 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recoveries were in the range of 87-108%, with intraday and interday relative standard deviations lower than 13%. This method was successfully applied to analysis of MNTs in real urine.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: 812308635@qq.com.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: 86441186@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yibang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: 409237691@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yejun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: mingma@hunnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: tanyueming0813@126.com.
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: tanghao@hunnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China. Electronic address: dr-chenpo@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012997:Solvents; C007377:di-2-(ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid; C044965:trioctyl phosphine oxide
keywords: Carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase; High performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector; Human urine; Monoamine neurotransmitters