title: Impact of Cultivation and Subsequent Burial on Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
abstract: We assessed the efficacy of cultivation as a potential management strategy for codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in apple orchards. Cocooned codling moth pupae and thinning apples infested with plum curculio larvae were cultivated over in the field. Emergence, percent burial, damage to buried fruit, and depth of burial was recorded. In the laboratory, both insects were buried at variable depths in sand and potting soil and emergence was measured. A greater proportion of plum curculio larvae buried in infested fruit under laboratory conditions survived to adulthood compared with unburied infested fruit, down to 15 cm. No codling moth adults emerged from under 1 cm or more of sand. Buried codling moth larvae experienced drastically reduced survival to adulthood compared with unburied larvae. These results indicate that strip cultivation may negatively impact codling moth diapausing larvae and pupae on the ground, but not likely to negatively impact plum curculio in infested dropped apples.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University Extension, Berrien County, 1737 Hillandale Rd., Benton Harbor, MI 49022. baughm30@anr.msu.edu.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695.
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, Natural Science 245, East Lansing MI 48824.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grieshop
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D027845:Malus / Q000254:growth & development*; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D048889:Weevils / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Conotrachelus nenuphar; Cydia pomonella; codling moth; plum curculio; strip cultivation