title: Helicobacter Species Identified in Captive Sooty Mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) with Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Of all human cancers, gastric carcinoma is the one of the leading causes of death. Helicobacter pylori is considered a major etiologic agent of this disease. Spontaneously occurring gastric carcinoma is a rare diagnosis in nonhuman primates. A 2011 case report documented a high incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma in a closed colony of captive sooty mangabeys (Cercebus atys). However, H. pylori infection was not detected in these animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, using archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach sections of these animals alternative methodologies were used to identify H. pylori and other non-H. pylori Helicobacter species. In addition, two additional cases of sooty mangabeys with metastatic gastric carcinoma are characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified gastric H. suis in 75% of archived and new gastric carcinoma cases. In the two newly reported cases, H. suis and a novel Helicobacter species were detected via PCR and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. H. pylori was not identified in any of the gastric carcinoma cases via FISH and/or PCR and sequence analysis of Helicobacter spp. in DNA from of available tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report is the first to characterize Helicobacter species infection in spontaneous gastric carcinoma with metastatic potential in nonhuman primates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Esmail
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alton G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Swennes
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Zeli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: AnaPatricia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Prachi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D016665:Cercocebus atys / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Helicobacter; metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma; sooty mangabeys