title: Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) on skin flap viability in healthy, tobacco-exposed and diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety male Wistar rats (250-300g) were randomly divided into six groups: control+saline (C1), control+BoNTA (C2), tobacco-exposed+saline (T1), tobacco-exposed+BoNTA (T2) diabetes+saline (D1) and diabetes+BoNTA (D2). A dorsal cutaneous flap (3×10cm) was performed. Survival area and total area of the flaps were measured. Lumen diameter, external arterial diameter and lumen/wall thickness ratio were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival area increased in control group with BoNTA injection compared with control animals injected with saline (C2 x C1; 0.9±0.1 vs0.67±0.15, p= 0.001). A similar result was found in diabetes group injected with BontA (D2 x D1; 0.97±0.2 vs0.61±0.24, p=0.018). No difference was observed in skin flap viability in tobacco-exposed groups (T2 x T1; 0.74±0.24 vs 0.64±0.21, p=0.871). Lumen diameter (p= 0.004), external arterial diameter (p = 0.0046,) and lumen/wall thickness ratio (p= 0.003) were increased in diabetes+BoNTA-treated animals. This effect was not observed in control or in tobacco-exposed groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin A increased skin flap viability in control and diabetic rats on the seventh post-operative day. Increased lumen diameter, external arterial diameter, and lumen/wall thickness ratio were observed in the diabetes+BoNTA group. BoNTA had no effect in the tobacco-exposed group on the seventh postoperative day.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, BR.
authors.forename: Cristina Pires
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Alfredo Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jacomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Cláudia Naves
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Battlehner
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Paulo Hilário
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Milton Arruda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Alexandre Mendonça
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Munhoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gemperli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013311:Streptozocin; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D013311:Streptozocin; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A