title: Effects of Sequence Variations in Innate Immune Response Genes on Infectious Outcome in Trauma Patients: A Comprehensive Review.
abstract: Infectious complications, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) remain important causes for morbidity and mortality in patients who survive the initial trauma. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic variants, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are critical determinants for interindividual differences in both inflammatory responses and clinical outcome in sepsis patients. Although the effect of SNPs on sepsis and MODS has been studied in many populations and diseases, this review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the effect of SNPs on infectious complication specifically in trauma patients. A review of available literature was performed in PubMed database. The following genes have been studied in populations of trauma patients: CD14, HMGB1, IFNG, IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL17F, IL18, MBL2, MASP2, FCN2, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, TNF, LTA, GR, MYLK, NLRP3, PRDX6, RAGE, HSPA1B, HSPA1L, HSP90, SERPINE1, IRAK1, IRAK3, VEGFA, LY96, ANGPT2, LBP, MicroRNA, and mtDNA. In this review, we discuss the genes of the Pattern Recognition Receptors, Signal Transducing Adaptor Proteins, and Inflammatory Cytokines of the innate immune system. A number of genetic variations have so far been studied in cohorts of trauma patients. Studies are often unique and numbers sometimes small. No definitive conclusions can be reached at this time about the influence of specific sequence variations on outcome in trauma patients.
authors.affiliation: *Trauma Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam †Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten W G A
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bronkhorst
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patka
authors.forename: Esther M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Lieshout
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D016207:Cytokines; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition