title: Increased gamma band power during movement planning coincides with motor memory retrieval.
abstract: The retrieval of motor memory requires a previous memory encoding and subsequent consolidation of the specific motor memory. Previous work showed that motor memory seems to rely on different memory components (e.g., implicit, explicit). However, it is still unknown if explicit components contribute to the retrieval of motor memories formed by dynamic adaptation tasks and which neural correlates are linked to memory retrieval. We investigated the lower and higher gamma bands of subjects' electroencephalography during encoding and retrieval of a dynamic adaptation task. A total of 24 subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment and control group. Both groups adapted to a force field A on day 1 and were re-exposed to the same force field A on day 3 of the experiment. On day 2, treatment group learned an interfering force field B whereas control group had a day rest. Kinematic analyses showed that control group improved their initial motor performance from day 1 to day 3 but treatment group did not. This behavioral result coincided with an increased higher gamma band power in the electrodes over prefrontal areas on the initial trials of day 3 for control but not treatment group. Intriguingly, this effect vanished with the subsequent re-adaptation on day 3. We suggest that improved re-test performance in a dynamic motor adaptation task is contributed by explicit memory and that gamma bands in the electrodes over the prefrontal cortex are linked to these explicit components. Furthermore, we suggest that the contribution of explicit memory vanishes with the subsequent re-adaptation while task automaticity increases.
authors.affiliation: YIG "Computational Motor Control and Learning", BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: benjamin.thuerer@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thürer
authors.affiliation: YIG "Computational Motor Control and Learning", BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stockinger
authors.affiliation: YIG "Computational Motor Control and Learning", BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Focke
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Putze
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: YIG "Computational Motor Control and Learning", BioMotion Center, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D000069077:Memory Consolidation / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Consolidation; Electroencephalography (EEG); Explicit memory; Force field; Reaching movement; Sensorimotor learning