title: Spatial navigation in elderly healthy subjects, amnestic and non amnestic MCI patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered an early stage of cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is important to identify early cognitive markers of MCI conversion to dementia and topographical disorientation (TD) may help differentiate normal aging from MCI and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to propose a new instrument in elderly healthy subjects and MCI patients of amnestic (aMCI) and non-amnestic (naMCI) type.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed 18 healthy subjects and 18 MCI patients (9 aMCI and 9 naMCI). All participants were submitted to a neuropsychological battery and to a new experimental small-scale spatial navigation test reproducing an ideal city.
  
  
  RESULTS
  a-MCI patients performed worse in learning a new route, in replacing landmarks in the city and in drawing a map of the city. Na-MCI patients' performance was not different from that observed in healthy subjects, except for a longer time span in Route Forward learning. MCI and healthy samples showed different correlations between experimental subtests and neuropsychological tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our task seems to be sensitive in pointing out differences in spatial abilities of MCI subtypes, especially with regard to the following subtests: learning a new route, retrieving a landmark's place and building a map of the environment. In comparison with more complex tests, these results allow us to consider the new tool as useful to evaluate spatial navigation in healthy elderly subjects and MCI patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Italy. Electronic address: marialuisa.rusconi@unibg.it.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rozzini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D065854:Spatial Navigation / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Allocentric navigation; Dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Normal aging; Spatial cognition; Spatial navigation