title: Handling and Sensing of Single Enzyme Molecules: From Fluorescence Detection towards Nanoscale Electrical Measurements.
abstract: Classical methods to study single enzyme molecules have provided valuable information about the distribution of conformational heterogeneities, reaction mechanisms, and transients in enzymatic reactions when individual molecules instead of an averaging ensemble are studied. Here, we highlight major advances in all-electrical single enzyme studies with a focus on recent micro- and nanofluidic tools, which offer new ways of handling and studying small numbers of molecules or even single enzyme molecules. We particularly emphasize nanofluidic devices, which enable the integration of electrochemical transduction and detection.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mathwig
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Qijin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Serge G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lemay
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Materials and Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands. l.rassaei@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rassaei
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D044085:Microfluidics; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes
keywords: electrochemical sensing; microdroplets; nanofluidics; single enzymes; single molecules