title: Adverse childhood experiences and trauma informed care: the future of health care.
abstract: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to short- and long-term negative physical and mental health consequences among children and adults. Studies of the last three decades on ACEs and traumatic stress have emphasized their impact and the importance of preventing and addressing trauma across all service systems utilizing universal systemic approaches. Current developments on the implementation of trauma informed care (TIC) in a variety of service systems call for the surveillance of trauma, resiliency, functional capacity, and health impact of ACEs. Despite such efforts in adult medical care, early identification of childhood trauma in children still remains a significant public health need. This article reviews childhood adversity and traumatic toxic stress, presents epidemiologic data on the prevalence of ACEs and their physical and mental health impacts, and discusses intervention modalities for prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Resmiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Marizen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coohey
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peek-Asa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*