title: Effectiveness of group music therapy versus recreational group singing for depressive symptoms of elderly nursing home residents: pragmatic trial.
abstract: Several studies have suggested positive effects of music therapy in dementia, but research on age-related depression has been limited and of insufficient quality. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of interactive group music therapy versus recreational group singing on depressive symptoms in elderly nursing home residents.
  
  
  
  Residents of two German nursing homes with sufficient length of stay who were not bedridden were invited to participate in a pragmatic trial. A total of 117 participants, grouped into four clusters (based on their wards), were randomised to interactive group music therapy (n = 62; 20 units of 40 minutes, 2×/week) or recreational group singing (n = 55; 10 units of 90 minutes, 1×/week). The level of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale at baseline (47% with at least mild depression) and follow-up in the 6th and 12th weeks. There was no blinding of assessors.
  
  
  
  The level of depressive symptoms improved significantly more in those assigned to music therapy (n = 60) than in recreational singing (n = 53), both in 6th week (mean difference 3.0 scores, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.79, p = 0.001) and 12th week (mean difference 4.50 scores, 95% CI 2.51 to 6.50, p < 0.001).
  
  
  
  The results suggest that music therapy decreases depressive symptoms in elderly people in nursing homes more effectively than recreational singing.
authors.affiliation: a Freelance Therapist , Estenfeld , Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Applied Social Sciences , University of Applied Sciences Würzburg - Schweinfurt , Würzburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wosch
authors.affiliation: c Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D057173:Recreation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D063346:Singing; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: depression; effectiveness; elderly care; music therapy; pragmatic trial; singing