title: Metformin attenuated the inflammation after renal ischemia/reperfusion and suppressed apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of metformin on renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation after kidney ischemia/ reperfusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham (S), Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and Metformin (E). Before establishing the I/R model, group E was administered metformin for three days, while groups S and I/R were administered equal volumes of saline. After three days, a right nephrectomy was performed on all groups, after which the left kidneys of groups E and I/R rats were subjected to 45 min renal ischemia. Renal function, histology, and cell apoptosis were assessed. AMPK, pAMPK, COX-2, and Caspase 3 were also detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to I/R group, Caspase 3 and COX-2 levels were decreased in group E. COX-2, Caspase3 and pAMPK levels were higher in groups E and I/R than in group S. The pAMPK level of group E was higher than that of I/R group, while COX-2 and caspase 3 were lower in group E than they were in the other groups. There was no significant difference between E and I/R groups in AMPK levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metformin preconditioning attenuated the inflammation caused by ischemia/reperfusion and inhibited the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Zhi-shun
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Xiu-heng
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Guan-jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Zhi-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, CN.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008687:Metformin; D003404:Creatinine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3