title: Pharmacogenomics and Implications for Nursing Practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article aims to introduce the nurse to pharmacogenomics and its implications for clinical practice with regard to drug therapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pharmacogenomics is discussed with regard to the basic tenets, relationships to common health conditions, education and practice resources, and implications for nursing practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peer-reviewed literature, websites, and expert professional guidelines were reviewed with relation to pharmacogenomics and nursing practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genetic-genomic literature has grown significantly since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. This information is now being translated into practice with regard to the patient's genetic profile and the impact on drug therapy, which is pharmacogenomics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilization of the patient genetic-genomic profile is beginning to have an impact on patient drug therapy in clinical practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses are in the position to make sure, with the increased translation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice, that adverse drug reactions are avoided and doses are optimized.
authors.affiliation: Beta Alpha, Abell-Hanger Professor, Texas Christian University, Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences & School of Nurse Anesthesia, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cheek
authors.affiliation: Beta Alpha, Assistant Professor, Texas Christian University, Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bashore
authors.affiliation: Director of Genomics, Analytics and Proteomics, Research Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, ME, USA.
authors.forename: Dan Alan
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brazeau
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004777:Environment; D015894:Genome, Human; D023281:Genomics / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015399:Nursing Research; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
keywords: Advanced practice nursing; genomics; nursing; pharmacogenetic; pharmacogenomics