title: Facial reactions to violent and comedy films: Association with callous-unemotional traits and impulsive aggression.
abstract: The current study adds to prior research by investigating specific (happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, anger and fear) and general (corrugator and zygomatic muscle activity) facial reactions to violent and comedy films among individuals with varying levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and impulsive aggression (IA). Participants at differential risk of CU traits and IA were selected from a sample of 1225 young adults. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 82) facial expressions were recorded while they watched violent and comedy films. Video footage of participants' facial expressions was analysed using FaceReader, a facial coding software that classifies facial reactions. Findings suggested that individuals with elevated CU traits showed reduced facial reactions of sadness and disgust to violent films, indicating low empathic concern in response to victims' distress. In contrast, impulsive aggressors produced specifically more angry facial expressions when viewing violent and comedy films. In Experiment 2 (N = 86), facial reactions were measured by monitoring facial electromyography activity. FaceReader findings were verified by the reduced facial electromyography at the corrugator, but not the zygomatic, muscle in response to violent films shown by individuals high in CU traits. Additional analysis suggested that sympathy to victims explained the association between CU traits and reduced facial reactions to violent films.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus.
authors.forename: Kostas A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.affiliation: b Center for Applied Neuroscience , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus.
authors.forename: Melina Nicole
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kyranides
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus.|b Center for Applied Neuroscience , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panayiotou
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D009040:Motion Pictures; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D014925:Wit and Humor as Topic / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Callous–unemotional traits; Electromyography; FaceReader; Facial expressions; Impulsive aggression