title: Bedding Material Affects Mechanical Thresholds, Heat Thresholds, and Texture Preference.
abstract: It has long been known that the bedding type on which animals are housed can affect breeding behavior and cage environment, yet little is known about its effects on evoked behavior responses or nonreflexive behaviors. C57BL/6 mice were housed for 2 weeks on 1 of 5 bedding types: aspen Sani-Chips (standard bedding for our institute), ALPHA-Dri, Cellu-Dri, Pure-o'Cel, or TEK-Fresh. Mice housed on aspen exhibited the lowest (most sensitive) mechanical thresholds and those on TEK-Fresh exhibited 3-fold higher thresholds. Although bedding type had no effect on responses to punctate or dynamic light touch stimuli, TEK-Fresh-housed animals exhibited greater responsiveness in a noxious needle assay than did those housed on the other bedding types. Heat sensitivity was also affected by bedding because animals housed on aspen exhibited the shortest (most sensitive) latencies to withdrawal, whereas those housed on TEK-Fresh had the longest (least sensitive) latencies to response. Slight differences between bedding types were also seen in a moderate cold temperature preference assay. A modified tactile conditioned place preference chamber assay revealed that animals preferred TEK-Fresh to aspen bedding. Bedding type had no effect in a nonreflexive wheel running assay. In both acute (2 day) and chronic (5 week) inflammation induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the hindpaw, mechanical thresholds were reduced in all groups regardless of bedding type, but TEK-Fresh and Pure-o'Cel groups exhibited a greater dynamic range between controls and inflamed cohorts than aspen-housed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the bedding type routinely used to house animals can markedly affect the dynamic range of mechanical and heat behavior assays under normal and tissue injury conditions. Among beddings tested, TEK-Fresh bedding resulted in the least sensitive baseline thresholds for mechanical and thermal stimuli and the greatest dynamic range after tissue injury. Therefore, selection of routine cage bedding material should be carefully considered for animals that will be tested in behavioral somatosensory assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Francie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moehring
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Crystal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI. Electronic address: cstucky@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stucky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006799:Housing, Animal; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Mechanical behavior; acute inflammation; bedding; chronic inflammation; cold behavior; mechanotransduction; tactile place preference; wheel running