title: Are fish fed with cyanobacteria safe, nutritious and delicious? A laboratory study.
abstract: Toxic cyanobacterial blooms, which produce cyclic heptapeptide toxins known as microcystins, are worldwide environmental problems. On the other hand, the cyanobacteria protein (30-50%) has been recommended as substitute protein for aquaculture. The present laboratory study verified the feasibility of cyanobacteria protein substitution and risk assessment. Goldfish were fed diets supplemented lyophilised cyanobacteria powder for 16 weeks with the various doses: 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Low doses (10% and 20%) promoted growth whereas high doses (30% and 40%) inhibited growth. In cyanobacteria treated fish, the proximate composition of ash, crude fat content and crude protein content decreased in 16 weeks; the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content significantly increased; the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, collagen content and muscle pH significantly decreased; cooking loss percents increased significantly. Muscle fiber diameter and myofibril length were negatively correlation. Additionally, flavour compounds (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids and carnosine) changed significantly in the treated fish, and odour compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol increased significantly. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of microcystins in muscle was close to or exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake (TDI), representing a great health risk. Cyanobacterie is not feasible for protein sources use in aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hualei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenshan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001892:Camphanes / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006054:Goldfish / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001892:Camphanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D052998:Microcystins; D009284:Naphthols; C005536:2-methylisoborneol; C078588:microcystin; D003094:Collagen; C001278:geosmin