title: Weight loss with mindful eating in African American women following treatment for breast cancer: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women with higher body mass index (BMI) following breast cancer (BC) treatment are at higher risk of BC recurrence and death than women of normal weight. African American (AA) BC patients have the highest risk of BC recurrence and gain more weight after diagnosis than their white counterparts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a mindful eating intervention and weight loss in AA women following chemotherapy for BC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-group 24-week longitudinal pilot study with repeated measures was conducted. AA women (N = 22, BMI = 35.13 kg/m(2), range = 27.08-47.21) with stage I-III BC who had finished active cancer treatment received a 12-week mindful eating intervention with individual dietary counseling and group mindfulness sessions, followed by bi-weekly telephone follow-up for 12 weeks. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of the intervention and of baseline mindfulness on the weight change over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the overall group (N = 22), MEQ scores increased over time (p = 0.001) while weight decreased over time (-0.887 kg, p = 0.015). Weight loss over time was associated with higher T1 MEQ scores (p = 0.043). Participants in the higher MEQ group (n = 11) at T1 experienced significant weight loss over time (-1.166 kg, p = 0.044), whereas those in the low MEQ (n = 11) did not lose weight. Participants who were diagnosed with stage 1 BC experienced significant weight loss over time (-7.909 kg, p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a mindful weight loss program may be effective for weight reduction and maintenance in some AA women who have completed treatment for BC, particularly those diagnosed with stage 1 BC and with initially higher mindful eating behaviors. Mindful weight loss program is proposed as a promising way in which to reduce obesity-related conditions in AA BC survivors.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. seonyoonchung@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: SeonYoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. zhu@son.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. efrie002@son.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. kelleher@son.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.affiliation: Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. akozlovsky@gmail.com.|Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. akozlovsky@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlovsky
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. kwmacfarlane@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Karen W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. ktkaczuk@umm.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine H R
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tkaczuk
authors.affiliation: Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. aryan@grecc.umaryland.edu.|Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. aryan@grecc.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. griffith@son.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: African Americans; Breast cancer; Mindfulness; Weight loss