title: Social and Environmental Factors Related to Smoking Cessation among Mothers: Findings from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study examined associations between race/ethnicity and psychosocial/environmental factors with current smoking status, and whether psychosocial/environmental factors accounted for racial differences in smoking status in a population-based sample of mothers in California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from 542 women with a history of smoking were used. Analyses adjusted for age, partner status, and educational attainment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In models adjusted for sociodemographics, black women had significantly lower odds, and Latina immigrants had significantly higher odds of being a former smoker compared to white women. Persons smoking in the home, having a majority of friends who smoke, having perceptions of their neighborhood as being somewhat or very unsafe, and experiencing food insecurity were associated with decreased odds of being a former smoker. When these variables were entered into a single model, only being a Latina immigrant and having a majority of friends who smoke were significantly associated with smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black women demonstrated a notable disparity compared with white women in smoking status, accounted for by psychosocial/environmental factors. Immigrant Latinas demonstrated notable success in ever quitting smoking. Social networks may be important barriers to smoking cessation among women.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yessenia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widome
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, TX, USA. ccubbin@austin.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cubbin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult