title: The Effects of Long-Term Diabetes on Ghrelin Expression in Rat Stomachs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ghrelin is a hormone which has effects on the secretion of growth hormone, the gastrointestinal system, the cardiovascular system, cell proliferation and the reproductive system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study focused on relative ghrelin and GHS-R1a gene expression in the stomach of long-term diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: a control group, one-month diabetic rats, two-month diabetic rats and three-month diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin STZ (40 mg/kg i.p). The rats were decapitated under ketamine anesthesia and their stomach tissues were removed. Tissue ghrelin expression, ghrelin and GHS-R mRNA levels were then compared using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one month of diabetes, the number of ghrelin-immunopositive cells decreased significantly compared to those of the control rats. However, the ghrelin-immunopositive cells increased numerically in the two- and three-month diabetic rats compared to those of the control rats. It was also observed that there were high levels of ghrelin mRNA in the one- and two-month diabetic rats, and a subsequent decrease of ghrelin mRNA levels in the three-month diabetic rats compared to the control rats. However, ghrelin receptor mRNA expression levels decreased in the one-month diabetic rats, and ghrelin levels subsequently increased in the two- and three-month diabetic rats compared to the control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two- and three-month diabetic rats became cachectic due to the large amount of weight lost. The authors therefore concluded that ghrelin-immunopositive cells increased in these rats due to their cachectic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sönmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Munis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dundar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002100:Cachexia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; C571124:Ghsr1a protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin