title: Relation of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence, and Depression to Risk Factors for HIV Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in 6 US Cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the relation of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), intimate partner violence (IPV), and depression to HIV sexual risk behaviors among Black men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1522 Black MSM recruited from 6 US cities between July 2009 and December 2011. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported sex before age 12 years with someone at least 5 years older (31.1%), unwanted sex when aged 12 to 16 years (30%), IPV (51.8%), and depression (43.8%). Experiencing CSA when aged 12 to 16 years was inversely associated with any receptive condomless anal sex with a male partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29, 0.86). Pressured or forced sex was positively associated with any receptive anal sex (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.57, 3.20). Experiencing CSA when younger than 12 years, physical abuse, emotional abuse, having been stalked, and pressured or forced sex were positively associated with having more than 3 male partners in the past 6 months. Among HIV-positive MSM (n = 337), CSA between ages 12 and 16 years was positively associated with having more than 3 male partners in the past 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of CSA, IPV, and depression were high, but associations with HIV sexual risk outcomes were modest.
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Manya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnus
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Typhanye Penniman
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Beryl A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hucks-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sheldon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoptaw
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Conall
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Cleirigh
authors.affiliation: John K. Williams is with the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Leo Wilton is with College of Community and Public Affairs, Department of Human Development, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. Manya Magnus is with the Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Lei Wang and Jing Wang are with the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Typhanye Penniman Dyer is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park. Beryl A. Koblin is with New York Blood Center, Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York, NY. Christopher Hucks-Ortiz is with the Department of Family Medicine, UCLA. Sheldon D. Fields is with the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami. Steve Shoptaw is with the departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA. Rob Stephenson is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Conall O'Cleirigh is with Fenway Institute HIV Clinical Research Support (CRS), Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Vanessa Cummings is with the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cummings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult