title: Spinal Taenia solium cysticercosis in Mexican and Indian patients: a comparison of 30-year experience in two neurological referral centers and review of literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a retrospective study from patients with spinal cysticercosis (SC), diagnosed within the last 30 years in Mexican and Indian neurological referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective and comparative study of the clinical and radiological profile between Mexican and Indian patients with spinal neurocysticercosis during a 30-year period and a review of the literature during the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven SC patients were included: 19 from Mexico and 8 from India. SC presented predominantly with motor symptoms (21/27 patients): paraparesis and paraplegia were the most common signs; one-third of patients presented sphincter dysfunction. Imaging studies showed that parasites in vesicular stage were more frequent in patients from Mexico, while degenerative stages predominated in India. Association of subarachnoid cysticerci and hydrocephalus was observed only in Mexican patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the limitations of this study, the collected information supports the existence of differences in the clinical and radiological traits of SC patients between Asian and Latin-American hospitals. The possible biological factors that may underlie these differences are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico. grace_goker@yahoo.de.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Tlalpan, CP. 14269, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. grace_goker@yahoo.de.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guevara-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugalde
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sciutto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Arçatuba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caris Maroni
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soto-Hernández
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Susarla Krishna
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000469:parasitology; D007194:India; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041201:Taenia solium
keywords: Arachnoiditis; CSF; Hydrocephalus; Neurocysticercosis; Spinal cysticercosis; Taenia solium