title: Assembly and immunogenicity of baculovirus-derived infectious bronchitis virus-like particles carrying membrane, envelope and the recombinant spike proteins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assemble infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)-like particles bearing the recombinant spike protein and investigate the humoral immune responses in chickens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IBV virus-like particles (VLPs) were generated through the co-infection with three recombinant baculoviruses separately encoding M, E or the recombinant S genes. The recombinant S protein was sufficiently flexible to retain the ability to self-assemble into VLPs. The size and morphology of the VLPs were similar to authentic IBV particles. In addition, the immunogenicity of IBV VLPs had been investigated. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of the newly generated VLPs was comparable to that of the inactivated M41 viruses in eliciting IBV-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in chickens via subcutaneous inoculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides basic information for the mechanism of IBV VLP formation and develops a platform for further designing IBV VLP-based vaccines against IBV or other viruses.
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China. mengzhonren@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng-wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China. 1109453509@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China. whongning@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong-ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China. 412744272@qq.com.
authors.forename: Bing-cun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China. dingmengdie1987@126.com.
authors.forename: Meng-die
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China. 6682631@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016367:Baculoviridae; D002645:Chickens; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022701:Virosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D022701:Virosomes
keywords: Baculovirus; Bronchitis virus; Infectious bronchitis virus; Recombinant spike protein; Spike protein; Virus-like particles