title: Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in long-term care (LTC) patients: validation of the 2014 STOPP-START and 2012 Beers criteria in a LTC population--a protocol for a cross-sectional comparison of clinical and health administrative data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is frequent and problematic in older patients. Identifying PIP is necessary to improve prescribing quality; ideally, this should be performed at the population level. Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (STOPP/START) and Beers criteria were developed to identify PIP in clinical settings and are useful at the individual patient level; however, they are time-consuming and costly to apply. Only a subset of these criteria is applicable to routinely collected population-level health administrative data (HAD) because the clinical information necessary to implement these tools is often missing from databases. The performance of subsets of STOPP/START and Beers criteria in HAD compared with clinical data from the same patients is unknown; furthermore, the performance of the updated 2014 STOPP-START and 2012 Beers criteria compared with one another is also unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of linked HAD and clinical data will be conducted to validate the subsets of STOPP/START and Beers criteria applicable to HAD by comparing their performance when applied to clinical and HAD for the same patients. Eligible patients will be 66 years and over and recently admitted to 1 of 6 long-term care facilities in Ottawa, Ontario. The target sample size is 275, but may be less if statistical significance can be achieved sooner. Medication, diagnostic and clinical data will be collected by a consultant pharmacist. The main outcome measure is the proportion of PIP missed by the subset of STOPP/START and Beers criteria applied to HAD when compared with clinical data.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The study was approved by the Ottawa Health Services Network Research Ethics Board, the Bruyère Continuing Care Research Ethics Board and the ethics board of the City of Ottawa Long Term Care Homes. Dissemination will occur via publication, national and international conference presentations, and exchanges with regional, provincial and national stakeholders.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02523482.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ICES@ uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bjerre
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Bruyere Academic Family Health Team, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Halil
authors.affiliation: ICES@ uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catley
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Cody D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Margo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Cristín
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ICES@ uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Manuel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D000067561:Potentially Inappropriate Medication List / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; GERIATRIC MEDICINE