title: Pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic tracers in surface water: a randomized survey of 50 Minnesota lakes.
abstract: Water from 50 randomly selected lakes across Minnesota, USA, was analyzed for pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, and other commercial or industrial chemicals in conjunction with the US Environmental Protection Agency's 2012 National Lakes Assessment. Thirty-eight of the 125 chemicals analyzed were detected at least once, all at parts per trillion concentrations. The most widely detected was N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, present in 48% of the lakes sampled. Amitriptyline, a widely used antidepressant, was found in 28% of the lakes. The endocrine active chemicals bisphenol A, androstenedione, and nonylphenol were found in 42%, 30%, and 10% of the lakes, respectively. Cocaine was found in 32% of the lakes, and its degradation product, benzoylecgonine, was detected at 28% of the locations. Carbadox, an antibiotic used solely in the production of swine, was also present in 28% of the lakes sampled. The means by which these and other chemicals were transported to several of the remote lakes is unclear but may involve atmospheric transport.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ferrey
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heiskary
authors.affiliation: AXYS Analytical Services, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.affiliation: AXYS Analytical Services, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: M Coreen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lueck
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000032:analysis; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002218:Carbadox / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003671:DEET / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008910:Minnesota; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013552:Swine; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000639:Amitriptyline; D000735:Androstenedione; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002218:Carbadox; D003042:Cocaine; D003671:DEET; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Endocrine active chemicals; Lake; Pharmaceuticals; Surface water