title: Immuno-ecology: how the microbiome regulates tolerance and autoimmunity.
abstract: The trillions of microorganisms populating the mammalian mucosal surfaces (i.e. the microbiome) participate in the development and function of the host immune system that acts to balance clearance of pathogens with tolerance of beneficial commensals. Recent advances in mucosal immunology and culture-independent sequencing of microbial communities provide support for the hypothesis that the alterations in commensal microbiota alter the host immune response and can enhance risk for autoimmune disease in distant organs. Further explorations of the host-microbiota relationship will improve our understanding of autoimmune disorders and facilitate the discovery of a bacterial-based immunomodulators.
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paun
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jayne.danska@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Jayne S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Danska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006706:Homeostasis; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D056747:Immunomodulation; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology*; D012306:Risk