title: Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide for highly efficient enrichment and fast detection of trace-level microcystins from large-volume water samples combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Microcystins (MCs), a group of cyclic heptapeptide heaptoxins and tumor promoters, are generated by cyanobacteria occurring in surface waters, such as eutrophic lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. In this present study, a novel double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide (DS-MMIP@GO) based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method was developed for fast, effective and selective enrichment, and recognition of trace MCs in environmental water samples combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The synthesized novel DS-MMIP@GO was used as the adsorbents in this work and was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectra. The adsorption and desorption conditions of DS-MMIP@GO toward MCs were optimized in detail to obtain the highest binding capacity, selectivity, and release efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the method for eight target MCs were found to be 2000. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the method for eight MCs were in range of 0.1-2.0ngL(-1). The double-sided MMIP modified structure provided DS-MMIP@GO with abundant adsorption sites and permitted it to exhibit excellent enrichment and selectivity toward trace-level MCs. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 84.1 to 98.2%. Compared to conventional methods for MCs detection reported in literatures, the one developed in this work based on DS-MMIP@GO and LC-MS/MS showed much faster, more sensitive, and more convenient.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Qiang
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China. Electronic address: jmcjc@163.com.
authors.forename: Mi-Cong
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D008280:Magnetics; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D052998:Microcystins; D010087:Oxides; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C078588:microcystin; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide; Environmental water; LC–MS/MS; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Microcystins; Trace analysis