title: Seeding after ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of liver metastases in patients with colorectal or breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neoplasm seeding is a serious complication after liver metastases biopsy. Reported incidences vary between 10% and 19% for colorectal cancer (CRC) and are unknown for breast cancer (BC). The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of tumor seeding after ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of CRC and BC liver metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unselected liver biopsies performed in the period of 2005-2012 at our institution were extracted from the National Pathology Registry. Medical records including imaging from patients with biopsy-verified BC and CRC liver metastases were retrospectively reviewed. The endpoint was the development of abdominal wall recurrence following liver biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of total 2981 biopsies we identified 278 patients with CRC and 155 patients with BC biopsy-verified liver metastases. During the median follow-up of 25 months after biopsy (range 3-253 months), no seeding was recorded in patients with BC. Within the median follow-up of 34 months (3-111 months), seeding was registered in 17/278 (6%) of patients with CRC; three patients of 278 (1%) had undoubtedly biopsy-related seeding, which became apparent six, nine, and 26 months after biopsy, respectively; and in nine patients (3%) seeding occurred due to either biopsy or other interventions; and five patients had seeding, which were assessed as a consequence of other invasive procedures than biopsies. The median overall survival of the 17 patients with seeding was 70 months compared to 39 months of patients without seeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed no seeding in BC patients. Seeding rate after biopsy in CRC patients is not negligible, however, without affecting outcome.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark .
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgical Gastroenterology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark , and.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lorentzen
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark.
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linnemann
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgical Gastroenterology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark , and.
authors.forename: Christian Pállson
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nolsøe
authors.affiliation: b Department of Surgical Gastroenterology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark , and.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skjoldbye
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark .
authors.forename: Benny V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oncology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev , Denmark .
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography