title: Hypothalamic fatty acid sensing in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis): response to long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids.
abstract: We assessed the presence of fatty acid (FA)-sensing mechanisms in hypothalamus of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) and investigated their sensitivity to FA chain length and/or level of unsaturation. Stearate (SA, saturated FA), oleate (OA, monounsaturated FA of the same chain length), α-linolenate [ALA, a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of the same chain length], and eicosapentanoate (EPA, a n-3 PUFA of a larger chain length) were injected intraperitoneally. Parameters related to FA sensing and neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus were assessed after 3 h and changes in accumulated food intake after 4, 24, and 48 h. Three FA sensing systems characterized in rainbow trout were also found in Senegalese sole and were activated by OA in a way similar to that previously characterized in rainbow trout and mammals. These hypothalamic FA sensing systems were also activated by ALA, differing from mammals, where n-3 PUFAs do not seem to activate FA sensors. This might suggest additional roles and highlights the importance of n-3 PUFA in fish diets, especially in marine species. The activation of FA sensing seems to be partially dependent on acyl chain length and degree of saturation, as no major changes were observed after treating fish with SA or EPA. The activation of FA sensing systems by OA and ALA, but not SA or EPA, is further reflected in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the control of food intake. Both OA and ALA enhanced anorexigenic capacity compatible with the activation of FA sensing systems.
authors.affiliation: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal; Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain;
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conde-Sieira
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Kruno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bonacic
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain;
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.affiliation: CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luisa M P
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; jsoengas@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: José L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-3993
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soengas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D029941:Fish Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013229:Stearic Acids; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Senegalese sole; fatty acid sensing; food intake; hypothalamus; polyunsaturated fatty acid