title: Microstructure, physical properties, and bone regeneration effect of the nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate granules.
abstract: The nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate granules for the practical application of bone graft substitutes could be prepared from the wet chemically precipitated β-TCP powders by the liquid-solid mixture route and by controlling the pH of mixture solution to 7.5 within a shorter processing time. The phase purity of prepared β-TCP granules was higher above 99% and their particle sizes ranged from 200 to 650 nm. Also, their average compressive strength was higher at 2.22 MPa. It is considered that the phase purity, particle refinement, and mechanical compressive strength of β-TCP granules could be significantly improved through the β-TCP powders synthesized through the liquid-solid mixture precipitation at pH of 7.5. Meanwhile both the porosity and the specific surface area positively associated with the osteoconductivity for bone regeneration were higher at 75% and 2.50 m(2)/g respectively due to the nano-sized particles of porous β-TCP granules. Furthermore, the histological analysis in beagle mandibular defect showed that β-TCP granules demonstrated remarkable bone regeneration effect compared with that of the non-treatment group, indicating the increased new formation of bone (except for callus) (48.42 ± 6.57%) and rapid resorption (69.49 ± 2.40%) without toxicologically significant changes at 12 weeks after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA. Electronic address: slyr5@mst.edu.
authors.forename: David S H
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, SigmaGraft, 325 N Puente Street, Unit B., Brea, CA 92821, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, SigmaGraft, 325 N Puente Street, Unit B., Brea, CA 92821, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Korea Animal Medical Science Institute, 2 F, 360-1, Sano-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 471-050, South Korea.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004285:Dogs; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Bone regeneration effect; Microstructure; Nano-sized β-TCP granules; Physical characterizations; Wet chemical precipitation