title: Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity Induced by Methyl Parathion in Human Gingival Fibroblasts: Protective Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate.
abstract: Organophosphorous (OP) compounds are pesticides frequently released into the environment because of extensive use in agriculture. Among these, methyl parathion (mPT) recently received attention as a consequence of illegal use. The predominant route of human exposure to mPT is via inhalation, but inadvertent consumption of contaminated foods and water may also occur. The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of mPT on cells in the oral cavity and evaluate the potential protective role of epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on these effects. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were exposed to 10, 50, or 100 μ g/ml mPT for 24 h and assessed for oxidative stress, as evidenced by reactive generation of oxygen species (ROS), induction of apoptotic cell death, DNA damage (comet assay and cytochinesis-block micronucleus test), and nitric oxide (NO) production. The results showed that mPT produced significant oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity and increased NO levels through stimulation of inducible NO synthase expression. Finally, data demonstrated that EGCG (10, 25, or 50 μ M) was able to inhibit the pesticide-induced effects on all parameters studied. Data indicate that cytotoxic and genotoxic effects may be associated with oxidative stress induced by mPT observed in HGF cultures and that EGCG plays a protective role via antioxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Argentin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divizia
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Rosadele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cicchetti
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D008743:Methyl Parathion / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008743:Methyl Parathion; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate