title: The Role of Depression in the Uptake and Maintenance of Cigarette Smoking.
abstract: Cigarette smoking and depression both account for significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. The prevalence of both smoking and depression increase across mid-to-late adolescence and show high rates of comorbidity. While little is known about why smoking is disproportionately higher among depressed adolescents than adolescents without depression, emerging research has begun to offer some initial insights. The high rates of comorbidity between depression and smoking emphasize the importance of identifying intervention targets to inform smoking prevention efforts for this high-risk group. Interventions during adolescence may lessen the prevalence of depression-prone adult smokers. Depression is over-represented among adult smokers and contributes to lower smoking cessation rates. Negative mood management and pharmacotherapy have been the central focus of smoking cessation interventions for depression-prone populations to date. Converging lines of research highlight novel smoking cessation targets such as the maintenance of positive mood and reward regulation. Smoking cessation research in depression-prone smokers is critical to identify efficacious treatments that will ultimately decrease the excess smoking burden for this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: audrain@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Audrain-McGovern
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Strong
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Depression; Negative affect; Positive affect; Reward; Smoking cessation; Smoking uptake