title: Concentration of Mercury in Cockles (Anadara granosa and A. antiquata) Harvested from Estuaries of Western Lombok, Indonesia, and Potential Risks to Human Health.
abstract: This study measured the levels of total mercury (tHg) in the whole tissues of cockles (Anadara granosa and A. antiquata) harvested from three estuaries of Western Lombok Island (WLI), Indonesia. This paper also evaluated the hazard level posed by the mercury in relation to the maximum residual limit for human consumption and to estimate the weekly intake and compare it with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The tHg concentrations in A. granosa ranged from 0.020 to 0.070 mg kg(-1), and those in A. antiquata were between 0.032 and 0.077 mg kg(-1) at all locations. All samples of cockles harvested from WLI contain tHg below the permissible limit for human consumption. The maximum weekly intakes for total mercury by coastal people range from 0.28 to 1.08 µg kg(-1) b.w., and they are below the recommended values of PTWI (5.6 µg kg(-1) b.w.). If it is assumed that 100% of the Hg in cockles is methyl mercury (MeHg), consumption of the indicated amounts at the measured values wouldn't exceed the MeHg PTWI (1.6 µg kg(-1) b.w.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Airlangga University, Kampus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rachmawati Noviana
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rahayu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Airlangga University, Kampus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Bambang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Irawan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Airlangga University, Kampus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. agoes_soegianto@unair.ac.id.
authors.forename: Agoes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soegianto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D049873:Cardiidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet; D063366:Estuaries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D062312:Islands; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; C073972:dimethyl mercury; D008628:Mercury
keywords: Accumulation; Cockles; Health hazard; Lombok Island; Mercury