title: A Smart Magnetically Active Nanovehicle for on-Demand Targeted Drug Delivery: Where van der Waals Force Balances the Magnetic Interaction.
abstract: The magnetic field is a promising external stimulus for controlled and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Here, we focused on the preparation of a novel magnetically active polymeric micelle (MAPM) for magnetically targeted controlled drug delivery. To accomplish this, a number of superparamagnetic as well as biocompatible hybrid micelles were prepared by grafting four armed pentaerythretol poly(ε-caprolactone) (PE-PCL) onto the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of two different ranges of size (∼5 nm and ∼15 nm). PE-PCL (four-armed) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization, and it has been subsequently grafted onto the surface of modified MNP through urethane (-NHCO-) linkage. Polymer-immobilized MNP (5 and 15 nm) showed peculiar dispersion behavior. One displayed uniform dispersion of MNP (5 nm), while the other (15 nm) revealed associated structure. This type of size dependent contradictory dispersion behavior was realized by taking the van der Waals force as well as magnetic dipole-dipole force into consideration. The uniformly dispersed polymer immobilized MNP (5 nm) was used for the preparation of MAPM. The hydrodynamic size and bulk morphology of MAPM were studied by dynamic light scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The anticancer drug (DOX) was encapsulated into the MAPM. The magnetic field triggers cell uptake of MAPM micelles preferentially toward targeted cells compare to untargeted ones. The cell viabilities of MAMP, DOX-encapsulated MAPM, and free DOX were studied against HeLa cell by MTT assay. In vitro release profile displayed about 51.5% release of DOX from MAPM (just after 1 h) under the influence of high frequency alternating magnetic field (HFAMF; prepared in-house device). The DOX release rate has also been tailored by on-demand application of HFAMF.
authors.affiliation: Rubber Technology Centre and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India.
authors.forename: Sudipta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panja
authors.affiliation: Rubber Technology Centre and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India.
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maji
authors.affiliation: Rubber Technology Centre and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India.
authors.forename: Tapas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.affiliation: Rubber Technology Centre and ‡Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India.
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004705:Endocytosis; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008280:Magnetics; D008823:Micelles; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014520:Urethane / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008823:Micelles; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C016240:polycaprolactone; D014520:Urethane; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: biocompatibility; dipole−dipole interaction; magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs); on-demand drug release; van der Waal interaction