title: Sustained release of hydrophilic drug from polyphosphazenes/poly(methyl methacrylate) based microspheres and their degradation study.
abstract: Drug delivery system is referred as an approach to deliver the therapeutic agents to the target site safely in order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effects. In this perspective, synthesis of three new polyphosphazenes and their blend fabrication system with poly(methyl methacrylate) is described and characterized with (1)H NMR, (31)P NMR, GPC and DSC. Furthermore, these novel blends were used to fabricate microspheres and evaluated for sustain release of hydrophilic drug (aspirin as model drug). Microspheres of the two blends showed excellent encapsulation efficacy (about 93%), controlled burst release (2.3% to 7.93%) and exhibited sustain in vitro drug release (13.44% to 32.77%) up to 218 h. At physiological conditions, the surface degradation of microspheres and diffusion process controlled the drug release sustainability. Furthermore, it was found that the degree of porosity was increased with degradation and the resulting porous network was responsible for water retention inside the microspheres. The percentage water retention was found to be interrelated with degradation time and percentage drug release.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: hjyu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haojie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: opl_wl@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Hamad
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Nasir M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.lastname: Zain-ul-Abdin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Fujie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008863:Microspheres; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011108:Polymers; C108974:poly(phosphazene); D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Blends; Drug release behavior; Hydrolytic degradation; Microspheres; Polyphosphazenes