title: Neuroanatomical relationships between FMRFamide-immunoreactive components of the nervus terminalis and the topology of olfactory bulbs in teleost fish.
abstract: The nervus terminalis (NT) is the most anterior of the vertebrate cranial nerves. In teleost fish, the NT runs across all olfactory components and shows high morphological variability within this taxon. We compare the anatomical distribution, average number and size of the FMRFamide-immunoreactive (ir) NT cells of fourteen teleost species with different positions of olfactory bulbs (OBs) with respect to the ventral telencephalic area. Based on the topology of the OBs, three different neuroanatomical organizations of the telencephalon can be defined, viz., fish having sessile (Type I), pseudosessile (short stalked; Type II) or stalked (Type III) OBs. Type III topology of OBs appears to be a feature associated with more basal species, whereas Types I and II occur in derived and in basal species. The displacement of the OBs is positively correlated with the peripheral distribution of the FMRFamide-ir NT cells. The number of cells is negatively correlated with the size of the cells. A dependence analysis related to the type of OB topology revealed a positive relationship with the number of cells and with the size of the cells, with Type I and II topologies of OBs showing significantly fewer cells and larger cells than Type III. A dendrogram based on similarities obtained by taking into account all variables under study, i.e., the number and size of the FMRFamide-ir NT cells and the topology of OBs, does not agree with the phylogenetic relationships amongst species, suggesting that divergent or convergent evolutionary phenomena produced the olfactory components studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Biagio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D'Aniello
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polese
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luongo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scandurra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Technological Science, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magliozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Statistical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aria
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi, 43-81100, Caserta, Italy. claudia.pinelli@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1845-9886
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003531:Cypriniformes; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D019835:FMRFamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D019835:FMRFamide
keywords: Brain; FMRFamide; Fish; Nervus terminalis; Nucleus olfactoretinalis