title: Vascular Integrity in the Pathogenesis of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation.
abstract: Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), particularly in the young population. ICH is the first clinical symptom in about 50 % of bAVM patients. The vessels in bAVM are fragile and prone to rupture, causing bleeding into the brain. About 30 % of unruptured and non-hemorrhagic bAVMs demonstrate microscopic evidence of hemosiderin in the vascular wall. In bAVM mouse models, vascular mural cell coverage is reduced in the AVM lesion, accompanied by vascular leakage and microhemorrhage. In this review, we discuss possible signaling pathways involved in abnormal vascular development in bAVM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1363, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1363, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1363, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. hua.su@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000071063:Endoglin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism*; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000378:metabolism*; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D042682:Angiopoietins; D000071063:Endoglin; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II
keywords: Brain arteriovenous malformations; Delta-like ligand-4; Microhemorrhage; Mural cell coverage; Notch; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; Vascular integrity; Vascular leakage