title: Training-induced anti-atherosclerotic effects are associated with increased vascular PPARgamma expression in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical exercise prevents cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis lesions. However, the molecular aspects are still unknown. Vascular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) exert anti-atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise-induced anti-atherosclerotic effect is associated with change in PPARs vascular expression in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-) ) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with a high-fat diet and randomized into two groups: one trained group undergoing swimming training for 3 months and one sedentary group. Sedentary and trained C57BL/6J mice were used as control. mRNA of PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ was measured in aorta by quantitative PCR. mRNA of pro- (TNF-α, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1Ra) cytokines was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly reduced in trained ApoE(-/-) mice compared to sedentary ones. In contrast, reduction of atherosclerotic lesion size was not observed in trained ApoE(-/-) mice supplied with BADGE, an antagonist of PPAR-γ. Exercise training significantly increased PPAR-γ expression in aorta. PPAR-γ expression was inversely correlated with the atherosclerotic plaque area. Aortic PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ mRNA expressions were not changed in response to exercise training. Atherosclerosis increased the aortic mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-1Ra. Exercise training decreased aortic IL-1β mRNA expression in ApoE(-/-) mice, but did not change expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1Ra. IL-1β mRNA expression was also significantly lower in atherosclerosis lesions from trained ApoE(-/-) compared with those from sedentary ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training increases vascular PPAR-γ expression in ApoE(-/-) mice that could potentially underlie training-related beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Sciences Separatives Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, UFR STAPS/SMP, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szostak
authors.affiliation: Sciences Separatives Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, UFR STAPS/SMP, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miguet-Alfonsi
authors.affiliation: Sciences Separatives Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, UFR STAPS/SMP, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berthelot
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire EA4278, UFRip Sciences Technologie et Santé, UAPV, Avignon, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D047495:PPAR gamma
keywords: aorta; exercise; inflammation; interleukin; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors