title: A Fitness Index model for Italian adolescents living in Southern Italy: the ASSO project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strong relations between physical fitness and health in adolescents have been established in the last decades. The main objectives of the present investigation were to assess major physical fitness components in a sample of Italian school adolescents, comparing them with international data, and providing a Fitness Index model derived from percentile cut-off values of five considered physical fitness components.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 644 school pupils (15.9±1.1 years; M: N.=399; F: N.=245) were tested using the ASSO-Fitness Test Battery (FTB), a tool developed within the Adolescents and Surveillance System for the Obesity prevention project, which included the handgrip, standing broad-jump, sit-up to exhaustion, 4×10-m shuttle run and 20-m shuttle run tests. Stratified percentile values and related smoothed curves were obtained. The method of principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to the considered five fitness components to derive a continuous fitness level score (the Fit-Score). A Likert-type scale on the Fit-Score values was applied to obtain an intuitive classification of the individual level of fitness: very poor (X<P20), poor (P20≤X<P40), medium (P40≤X<P60), good (P60≤X<P80) and very good (X≥P80).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Boys had higher fitness levels compared to girls. They also showed an incremental trend amongst fitness levels with age in all physical components. These results could be overlapped with those related to European adolescents. Data revealed high correlations (r>0.5) between the Fit-Score and all the fitness components. The median Fit-Score was equal to 33 for females and 53 for males (in a scale from 0 to 100).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ASSO-FTB allowed the assessment of health-related fitness components in a convenient sample of Italian adolescents and provided a Fitness Index model incorporating all these components for an intuitive classification of fitness levels. If this model is confirmed, the monitoring of these variables will allow early detection of health-related issues in a mass population, thus giving the opportunity to plan appropriate interventions.
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy - antonino.bianco@unipa.it.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mammina
authors.forename: Monèm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jemni
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paoli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Garden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tabacchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012574:Schools