title: Mucopolysaccharidosis: radiographic findings in a series of 16 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the radiographic findings of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) on panoramic radiographs in a series of 16 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cross-sectional study included panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with cytogenetically diagnosed MPS. Two blinded, previously calibrated observers evaluate the presence or absence of the following features: type of dentition; stage of dental age in comparison with chronologic age; delayed exfoliation of deciduous teeth; supernumerary teeth; teeth impaction; enlarged, cyst-like dental crypt; hypercementosis; taurodontism; generalized enamel hypoplasia; enlargement of the bone marrow spaces; thinning of cortical bone; unusual morphology of condyles; and flattening of the condylar head.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final sample was composed of 8 MPS IV, 7 MPS VI, and 1 MPS I cases. All patients presented unusual morphology of condyles. Cyst-like dental crypt (75%), taurodontism, and teeth impaction (68.75% each) were also overall common findings. Generalized enamel hypoplasia was exclusively identified in patients with MPS IV (75% of those patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiographic features of oral and maxillofacial manifestations in patients with MPS frequently encountered by dentists may help recognize the disorder. However, because of sample size limitations, it was not possible to infer any statistical relationship between the radiographic features and the types of MPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Paraíba State University, Araruna, Paraíba, Brazil. Electronic address: dmitry_sarmento@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Dmitry José
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: de Santana Sarmento
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Paraíba State University, Araruna, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Henrique Gonçalves
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Saulo Leonardo Sousa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima Roneiva Alves
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Paraíba Dental School, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Nóbrega
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Paraíba Dental School, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Meira
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bento
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Germana de Queiroz Tavares Borges
authors.initials: Gde Q
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Paraíba Dental School, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Pita
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Melo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009083:Mucopolysaccharidoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies