title: Nonurgent Emergency Department Visits by Insured and Uninsured Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare nonurgent emergency department (ED) visits by insured and uninsured adults in a Midwest community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records for this secondary data analysis included 84,877 nonurgent visits to a Midwest ED from September 2004 to January 2012. Insured versus uninsured visits were analyzed using t tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Standardized residuals were compared to determine if changes over time were statistically significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variables included demographic characteristics of patients, payment source, patients' access to primary care, acuity rating, time of visit, and the stated reason for the visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all nonurgent visits, 77.9% were made by insured adults. Insured nonurgent visits were more often made by adults who were female, older, White, and had a primary care provider (PCP). Nonurgent visits on weekdays between the hours of 09:00 and 18:00 were more likely to be uninsured visits. Dental issues were the fourth most common issue for uninsured visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonurgent ED visits occur when more appropriate options for prompt care are available in the community. Interventions should target both patients and PCPs. While patients should contact their PCP when in need of prompt care, PCPs should refer patients to facilities other than the ED when medically appropriate.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Illinois.
authors.forename: Lisabeth M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Searing
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Illinois.|OSF Saint Francis, Peoria, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cantlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015146:Midwestern United States; D011320:Primary Health Care
keywords: access to care; health insurance; vulnerable populations