title: Enhancing 18F-FDG-PET/CT analysis in lung cancer patients. Is CT-CT image fusion helpful in predicting pleural involvement? A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and value of CT-CT image fusion to assess the shift of peripheral lung cancers with/-out chest wall infiltration, comparing computed tomography acquisitions in shallow-breathing (SB-CT) and deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH-CT) in patients undergoing FDG-PET/CT for lung cancer staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Image fusion of SB-CT and DIBH-CT was performed with a multimodal workstation used for nuclear medicine fusion imaging. The distance of intrathoracic landmarks and the positional shift of tumours were measured using semi-transparent overlay of both CT series. Statistical analyses were adjusted for confounders of tumour infiltration. Cutoff levels were calculated for prediction of no-/infiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lateral pleural recessus and diaphragm showed the largest respiratory excursions. Infiltrating lung cancers showed more limited respiratory shifts than non-infiltrating tumours. A large respiratory tumour-motility accurately predicted non-infiltration. However, the tumour shifts were limited and variable, limiting the accuracy of prediction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot fusion study proved feasible and allowed a simple analysis of the respiratory shifts of peripheral lung tumours using CT-CT image fusion in a PET/CT setting. The calculated cutoffs were useful in predicting the exclusion of chest wall infiltration but did not accurately predict tumour infiltration. This method can provide additional qualitative information in patients with lung cancers with contact to the chest wall but unclear CT evidence of infiltration undergoing PET/CT without the need of additional investigations. Considering the small sample size investigated, further studies are necessary to verify the obtained results.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapfhammer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winkens
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reissig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinert
authors.affiliation: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Martin Freesmeyer, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743 Jena, Germany, martin.freesmeyer@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freesmeyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015588:Observer Variation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: CT-CT image fusion; Respiratory tumour shift; bronchial carcinoma; pleural infiltration; software-assisted image fusion; tumour movement