title: Clinical variables associated with depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM), depression and depressive symptoms and their clinical impact on T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  the authors evaluated 214 outpatients, 105 with diabetes (T2DM group) and 109 non-diabetics (control group), with ages ranging between 50 and 75 years (T2DM group 65.1 ± 5.6 years, control group 63.4 ± 5.8 years). Use of antidepressant treatment or score ≥ 16 on the Beck depression inventory (BDI) was considered depression. Complications of diabetes and total symptom score (TSS) for peripheral neuropathy were reported by patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  diabetes group had a higher frequency of depression (35.2%) compared to controls (21.1%) (p=0,021), with 2.4 times increased risk of depression. The presence of depressive symptoms was also higher in T2DM group (mean BDI 9.5 ± 8.8 versus 6.9 ± 6.2; p=0.039). Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy were higher in depressed subjects. The metabolic control and presence of complications in T2DM group were not associated with depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2DM led to an increased risk of depression, but this did not influence the metabolic control or the presence of other complications.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, BR.
authors.forename: Mari Cassol
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, BR.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piaia
authors.affiliation: Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, BR.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cadore
authors.affiliation: Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, BR.
authors.forename: Marinez Amabile
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Antoniolli
authors.affiliation: Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, BR.
authors.forename: Geni Portela
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gamborgi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, BR.
authors.forename: Patrícia Pereira de
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids