title: Tangeretin from Citrus reticulate Inhibits Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication and Associated Inflammation in Vivo.
abstract: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Our previous study showed that tangeretin from Citrus reticulate possessed potent in vitro anti-RSV effects comparable to that of ribavirin. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the in vivo anti-RSV activity of tangeretin in 3-week-old male BALB/c mice. A plaque reduction assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) showed that tangeretin inhibited RSV replication in the lung of mice. Moreover, a luminex assay indicated tangeretin relieved RSV-induced lung inflammation by attenuating interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. Possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of tangeretin were preliminarily explored using a RSV-infected macrophage model. A FQ-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and luciferase assay revealed that tangeretin inhibited RSV-induced inflammation by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. This study demonstrates that tangeretin inhibited RSV replication and RSV-induced lung inflammation in vivo and may be useful in preventing and treating RSV infections and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories (NT), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Guo-Cai
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories (NT), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hau Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Qiu-Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Man-Mei
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yao-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D047309:Flavones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D047309:Flavones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C059006:tangeretin
keywords: NF-κB; RSV-induced inflammation; in vivo antiviral activity; respiratory syncytial virus replication; tangeretin