title: The Arclight Ophthalmoscope: A Reliable Low-Cost Alternative to the Standard Direct Ophthalmoscope.
abstract: Background. The Arclight ophthalmoscope is a low-cost alternative to standard direct ophthalmoscopes. This study compared the Arclight ophthalmoscope with the Heine K180 direct ophthalmoscope to evaluate its reliability in assessing the vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) and its ease of use (EOU). Methods. Eight medical students used both the Arclight and the Heine ophthalmoscopes to examine the optic disc in 9 subjects. An EOU score was provided after every examination (a higher score indicating that the ophthalmoscope is easier to use). A consultant ophthalmologist provided the reference standard VCDR. Results. 288 examinations were performed. The number of examinations that yielded an estimation of the VCDR was significantly higher for the Arclight ophthalmoscope (125/144, 85%) compared to the Heine ophthalmoscope (88/144, 61%) (p < 0.001). The mean difference from the reference standard VCDR was similar for both instruments, with a mean of -0.078 (95% CI: -0.10 to -0.056) for the Arclight and -0.072 (95% CI: -0.097 to -0.046) for Heine (p = 0.69). The overall EOU score was significantly higher for the Arclight ophthalmoscope (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The Arclight ophthalmoscope performs as well as, and is easier to use than, a standard direct ophthalmoscope, suggesting it is a reliable, low-cost alternative.
authors.affiliation: Eastbourne District General Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne BN21 2UD, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Eye Department, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.affiliation: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Eye Department, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Evarista
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mgaya
authors.affiliation: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Eye Department, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furahini
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Eye Department, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania ; International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Philippin