title: Visceral pentastomiasis caused by Armillifer armillatus in a captive striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Chiang Mai Night Safari, Thailand.
abstract: Visceral pentastomiasis (porocephalosis) caused by Armillifer armillatus larvae was incidentally diagnosed in a female striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) of unknown age which died unexpectedly in 2013. The hyena had been imported from Tanzania 8years earlier and have been since then in a zoo in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Pathological examination revealed visceral nymph migrans of pentastomes throughout the intestine, liver, diaphragm, omentum and mesentery, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing that targeted the pentastomid-specific 18S rRNA gene determined 100% identity with reference sequence for A. armillatus, suggesting that its ova can infect the hyena to serve as an intermediate host for the parasite. Further studies to identify the source of infection, its risk factors, and host range for A. armillatus are important to determine its zoonotic potential and to better prevent and manage the disease to protect animal and human health.
authors.affiliation: Chiang Mai Night Safari, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand. Electronic address: s.dechkajorn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sakorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dechkajorn
authors.affiliation: Chiang Mai Night Safari, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand. Electronic address: pathogenzoonosis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raksiri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nomsiri
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. Electronic address: kittikorn.boonsri@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Kittikorn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boonsri
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Veterinary Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. Electronic address: duanghatai_s@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Duanghatai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sripakdee
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: kabkaew.s@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Kabkaew L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sukontason
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: kdantra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wannasan
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. Electronic address: chai_sophin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sasisophin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chailangkarn
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. Electronic address: stiwananthagorn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saruda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwananthagorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D045968:Hyaenidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009758:Nymph; D057078:Pentastomida / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D013154:Spleen / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D013785:Thailand; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
keywords: 18s rRNA gene; Armillifer armillatus; Pathological finding; Scanning electron microscopy; Striped hyena; Visceral pentastomiasis