title: Identification of molecular determinants for the nuclear import of pseudorabies virus UL31.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL31 is a multifunctional protein and important for HSV-1 infection. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL31 is a late protein homologous to HSV-1 UL31. Previous studies showed that PRV UL31 is predominantly localized to nucleus, however, the molecular determinants for its nuclear import were unclear to date. Here, by utilizing live cells fluorescent microscopy, UL31 fused with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in live cells and confirmed to exclusively target to the nucleus in the absence of other viral proteins. Furthermore, the nuclear import of UL31 was found to be dependent on the Ran-, importin α1-, α3-, α5-, α7-, β1-and transportin-1-mediated pathway. Therefore, these results would open up new avenues for depicting the biological functions of UL31 during PRV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Meili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuncong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhancheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinlu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Daixiong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China. Electronic address: mingshengcai@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mingsheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D028884:Karyopherins; C000592811:UL31 protein, pseudorabies virus; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Importin; Nuclear import; PRV UL31; Ran-GTP