title: Effect of Seed Blends and Soil-Insecticide on Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Emergence from mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab Bt Maize.
abstract: Seed blends containing various ratios of transgenic Bt maize (Zea mays L.) expressing the mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab proteins and non-Bt maize (near-isoline maize) were deployed alone and in combination with a soil applied pyrethroid insecticide (Force CS) to evaluate the emergence of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in a total of nine field environments across the Midwestern United States in 2010 and 2011. Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence emergence was also evaluated in four of these environments. Both western and northern corn rootworm beetle emergence from all Bt treatments was significantly reduced when compared with beetle emergence from near-isoline treatments. Averaged across all environments, western corn rootworm beetle emergence from 95:5, 90:10, and 80:20 seed blend ratios of mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab: near-isoline were 2.6-, 4.2-, and 6.7-fold greater than that from the 100:0 ratio treatment. Northern corn rootworm emergence from the same seed blend treatments resulted in 2.8-, 3.2-, and 4.2-fold more beetles than from the 100:0 treatment. The addition of Force CS (tefluthrin) significantly reduced western corn rootworm beetle emergence for each of the three treatments to which it was applied. Force CS also significantly delayed the number of days to 50% beetle emergence in western corn rootworms. Time to 50% beetle emergence in the 100% mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab treatment with Force CS was delayed 13.7 d when compared with western corn rootworm beetle emergence on near-isoline corn. These data are discussed in terms of rootworm resistance management.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Present address: Extension Service, Agriculture and Natural Resources Unit, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., 3054 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Present address: Cotton Incorporated, 6399 Weston Pkwy, Cary, NC 27513, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tinsley
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gassmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Lance J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.affiliation: DM Crop Research Group, Inc., 700 North 3rd St., P.O. Box 53, Polk City, IA 50226, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moellenbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Bledsoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Krupke
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Bruce.Hibbard@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hibbard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis; C489827:2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl (Z)-(1RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
keywords: 5307; Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; MIR604; insect resistance management; refuge-in-a-bag; seed mix refuge