title: Effect of alcohol on adipose tissue: a review on ethanol mediated adipose tissue injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol consumption has been in existence in the world for many centuries and it is the major cause of death and injury worldwide. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused due to excess and chronic alcohol intake. Studies across the globe have identified several pathways leading to ALD. Adipose tissue which has been considered as an energy storage organ is also found to play a major role in ALD progression by secreting hormones and cytokines known as adipokines or adipocytokines. Ethanol affects the metabolic and innate immune activities of adipose tissue contributing to alcohol-induced injury of the tissues.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed at 1) summarizing the metabolism and progression of ALD 2) summarizing about the structure and effect of ethanol induced oxidative stress on adipose tissue 3) reviewing the available data on the effect of ethanol on adipose tissue mass and adipokine secretion in both rodent models and alcoholic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The article is summarized based on the original literature and reviews in studying the effect of ethanol on adipose tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies on alcoholic patients and rodent models has shown that chronic ethanol consumption reduces adipose tissue mass and causes CYP2E1 mediated oxidative stress and inflammation of adipose tissue. Further hyperlipolysis is observed in adipose tissue that leads to excess fatty acid release that gets transported and deposited in the liver resulting in hepatic steatosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies show that adipose tissue plays a major role in the progression of ALD. So understanding of the mechanisms linking ethanol induced adipose tissue injury with ALD progression would help us in identifying potential therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani ; Hyderabad Campus ; Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Venkata Harini
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Kema
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani ; Hyderabad Campus ; Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Nishank Reddy
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Mojerla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani ; Hyderabad Campus ; Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani ; Hyderabad Campus ; Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Palash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mandal
keywords: CYP2E1; adipokines; alcohol; alcoholic liver disease; oxidative stress; white adipose tissue