title: APOBEC3B high expression status is associated with aggressive phenotype in Japanese breast cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The members of AID/APOBEC protein family possess cytidine deaminase activity that converts cytidine residue to uridine on DNA and RNA. Recent studies have shown the possible influence of APOBEC3B (A3B) as DNA mutators of breast cancer genome. However, the clinical significance of A3B expression in Japanese breast cancer has not been studied in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three primary breast cancer tissues (74 estrogen-receptor (ER) positive, 3 ER and HER2 positive, 6 HER2 positive, and 10 triple negative) including 37 tumor-normal pairs were assessed for A3B mRNA expression using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We analyzed the relation between A3B expression, mutation analysis of TP53 and PIK3CA by direct sequencing, polymorphic A3B deletion allele and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A3B mRNA was overexpressed in tumors compared with normal tissue. Patients with high A3B expression were associated with subtype and progression of lymph node metastasis and pathological nuclear grade. However, the expression was not related to any other clinicopathological factors, including mutation of TP53 and PIK3CA, polymorphic A3B deletion allele, HPV infection and survival time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of A3B in breast cancer was higher than in non-cancerous tissues and was related to the lymph node metastasis and nuclear grade, which are reliable aggressive phenotype markers in breast cancer. Evaluation of A3B expression in tumor may be a marker for breast cancer with malignant potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.|Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Arito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokobori
authors.affiliation: Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Reika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawabata-Iwakawa
authors.affiliation: Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rokudai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Toho Hospital, 1155 Azami, Kasakake-machi, Midorishi, Gunma, 379-2311, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Odawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokiniwa
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsunari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takeyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. m.nishiyama@gunma-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C495901:TP53 protein, human; C484760:PIK3CA protein, human; C495794:APOBEC3B protein, human
keywords: APOBEC3B; Breast cancer; Nuclear grade