title: A multivariate receptor modeling study of air-borne particulate PAHs: Regional contributions in a roadside environment.
abstract: Understanding the geographic source contributions by particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is important for the Korean peninsula due to its downwind location from source areas. Regional influence of particulate PAHs was previously identified using diagnostic ratios applied to mobile source dominated roadside sampling data (Kim et al., 2012b). However, no study has yet been conducted to quantify the regional source contributions. We applied a multivariate receptor modeling tool to identify and quantify the regional source contributions to particulate PAHs in Seoul. Sampling of roadside particulate PAHs was conducted in Seoul, Korea for four years between May 2005 and April 2009, and data analysis was performed with a new multivariate receptor model, Solver for Mixture Problem (SMP). The SMP model identified two sources, local mobile source and transported regional source, and quantified their source contributions. Analysis of the particulate PAHs data reveals three types of episodic periods: a high regional source contribution period with one case, a high mobile source contribution period with three cases, and a normal contribution period with eight cases. Four-year average particulate PAHs source contributions from the two sources are 4.6 ng m(-3) and 10.7 ng m(-3) for regional and mobile sources, respectively and equivalent to 30% and 70% of the total estimated contribution from each of these sources.
authors.affiliation: iGBu, 387 Magnolia Ave. #103-315, Corona, CA 92879, USA.
authors.forename: Bong Mann
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sblee2@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sunwha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwi-Nam
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Pilmun-daero 309, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D066106:Seoul; D014186:Transportation; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Motor vehicle exhaust; Regional source; Roadside PAHs; SMP multivariate model; Source apportionment