title: The Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide Inhibits Small Intestinal Motility, Flow, Transit, and Absorption of Glucose in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: The short-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide reduces postprandial glycemia, partly by slowing gastric emptying, although its impact on small intestinal function is unknown. In this study, 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with type 2 diabetes received intravenous exenatide (7.5 μg) or saline (-30 to 240 min) in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Glucose (45 g), together with 5 g 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) and 20 MBq (99m)Tc-sulfur colloid (total volume 200 mL), was given intraduodenally (t = 0-60 min; 3 kcal/min). Duodenal motility and flow were measured using a combined manometry-impedance catheter and small intestinal transit using scintigraphy. In both groups, duodenal pressure waves and antegrade flow events were fewer, and transit was slower with exenatide, as were the areas under the curves for serum 3-OMG and blood glucose concentrations. Insulin concentrations were initially lower with exenatide than with saline and subsequently higher. Nausea was greater in both groups with exenatide, but suppression of small intestinal motility and flow was observed even in subjects with little or no nausea. The inhibition of small intestinal motor function represents a novel mechanism by which exenatide can attenuate postprandial glycemia.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Sony S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thazhath
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Chinmay S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Marathe
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Tongzhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Checklin
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bound
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rigda
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia chris.rayner@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; D005947:Glucose; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists