title: Lethal Effects of Lambda-Cyhalothrin and its Commercial Formulation on Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Implications for Population Suppression, Tree Protection, Eradication, and Containment.
abstract: We evaluated the 24-h contact toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin for adult Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, by using topical application. Results showed that beetles are sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin: the LD50 and LD90 were 0.13639 and 0.78461 µg/beetle, respectively. Residual activity of a commercial formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was evaluated in a walking bioassay: Adult beetles walked across the surface of Denier bands treated with a series of concentrations of the formulation and exposed to the natural environment for 10, 20, 45, 69, and 90 d. Beetle mortality was recorded after 24 h. At the dosages of 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg/liter, residual activity declined slowly over the 90-d test period. All dosages provided 100% mortality up to 20 d posttreatment. No significant differences were detected in mortality among the dosages at each test interval until day 90 posttreatment, when the 450 and 600 mg/liter doses provided 100% mortality, which was significantly greater than percentage mortality provided by the 150 (20%) and 300 mg/liter (50%) doses. The 1200, 1500, and 1800 mg/liter doses provided 100% mortality for 158 d. The formulation may represent a new, alternative and complementary control strategy against A. glabripennis due to its high toxicity to adult A. glabripennis, its long residual activity, its rapid knock-down ability, and its potential use in specialized areas where current control strategies are not desirable or feasible.
authors.affiliation: The United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, the Benefit Insect Introduction Research Unit (USDA-ARS-BIIRU), Department of Entomology and Applied Ecology, University of Delaware, 501 South Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713. jinquan.wu6@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jinquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS-BIIRU, 501 South Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713-3814.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C037304:cyhalothrin
keywords: eradication; lambda-cyhalothrin; pesticide; residual; toxicity