title: Effect of high ovarian response on the expression of endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) in peri-implantation endometrium in IVF women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of ovarian stimulation on the expression of EG-VEGF mRNA and protein in peri-implantation endometrium in women undergoing IVF and its relation with endometrial receptivity (ER).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen women in stimulated cycles (SC) as study subjects and 18 women in natural cycles (NC) as controls. Women in SC group were classified with two subgroups, high ovarian response (SC1, n=9) with peak serum E2>5,000 pg/mL and moderate ovarian response (SC2, n=9) with peak serum E2 1,000-5,000 pg/mL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial biopsies were collected 6 days after ovulation in NC or after oocyte retrieval in SC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrium histological dating was observed with HE staining. EG-VEGF mRNA expression levels determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and protein levels by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All endometrial samples were in the secretory phase. The endometrial development in SC1 was 1 to 2 days advanced to NC, and with dyssynchrony between glandular and stromal tissue. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that EG-VEGF protein was predominantly expressed in the glandular epithelial cells and endothelial cells of vessels, and also presented in the stroma. The image analysis confirmed that both the gland and stroma of endometrium in SC1 had a significantly lower EG-VEGF protein expression than that in SC2 and NC endometrium. Moreover, EG-VEGF mRNA levels were significantly lower in SC1 than in NC. Both EG-VEGF protein and mRNA levels had no significant difference between SC2 and NC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased expression of EG-VEGF in the peri-implantation is associated with high ovarian response, which may account for the impaired ER and lower implantation rate in IVF cycles.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200135, China.
authors.forename: Li-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200135, China.
authors.forename: Min-Zhi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200135, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200135, China.
authors.forename: A-Juan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200135, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institution of Planned Parenthood Research Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Gui
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042662:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042662:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived
keywords: EG-VEGF; IVF-ET; endometrial receptivity; high ovarian response; peri-implantation