title: Antiproliferative effect of extracts and pyranonaphthoquinones obtained from Cipura paludosa bulbs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cipura paludosa Aubl. (Iridaceae) is widely used in folk medicine to treat several ailments. Experimental studies have confirmed its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the possible antiproliferative potential of the crude methanol extract and three isolated compounds from the bulbs of C. paludosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phytochemical analysis was carried out by conventional chromatographic techniques, and the resulting compounds were identified by NMR (1)H and (13)C. The antiproliferative activity was analysed using the sulforhodamine B assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude methanol extract of C. paludosa bulbs showed GI50 values of between 1.6 and 30.8 μg/mL. The naphthoquinone derivatives (eleutherine, isoeleutherine, and eleutherol) isolated from the bulbs of C. paludosa exhibited promising cytotoxicity against several human tumour cell lines, especially the two main compounds, eleutherine and isoeleutherine, against glioma and breast cancer cell lines, with TGI values of between 2.6 and 13.8 μg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cipura paludosa bulbs produce active principles with relevant antiproliferative potential, such as naphthoquinone derivatives, identified as eleutherine, isoeleutherine, and eleutherol. This is the first report indicating C. paludosa with antiproliferative potential.
authors.affiliation: a Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo De Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí - UNIVALI , Itajaí , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: b Centro Pluridisciplinar De Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas E Agrícolas (CPQBA) - Universidade Estadual De Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barbosa Vendramini-Costa
authors.affiliation: b Centro Pluridisciplinar De Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas E Agrícolas (CPQBA) - Universidade Estadual De Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francisco Fiorito
authors.affiliation: b Centro Pluridisciplinar De Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas E Agrícolas (CPQBA) - Universidade Estadual De Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz
authors.affiliation: b Centro Pluridisciplinar De Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas E Agrícolas (CPQBA) - Universidade Estadual De Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil , and.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ernesto de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: c Núcleo Da Saúde - Centro Universitário Euro-Americano (UNIEURO) , Brasília-DF , Brazil.
authors.forename: Greice
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maria Rodrigues de Souza
authors.affiliation: a Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo De Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí - UNIVALI , Itajaí , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delle-Monache
authors.affiliation: a Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas and Núcleo De Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí - UNIVALI , Itajaí , Santa Catarina , Brazil .
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel Filho
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D027621:Iridaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005663:Furans; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C415044:eleutherin; C529519:isoeleutherin
keywords: Anticancer activity; human cell lines; methanol extract; naphthoquinones