title: Mast cells express CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 in epithelial skin cancers and psoriasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the vitamin D system are involved in immunosuppression in the skin. Previous in vitro and animal studies suggest a role for mast cells in these mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study vitamin D3 metabolizing enzymes, CYP27A1 and CYP27B1, in mast cells in epithelial skin cancers and psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies were collected from the non-lesional and lesional skin of patients with actinic keratosis (AK), Bowen's disease/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and psoriasis. CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 in mast cells were analysed using a sequential double-staining method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of mast cells containing CYP27A1 was significantly higher in lesional than non-lesional skin in all diseases, especially in SCC and BCC. In addition, the percentage of mast cells containing CYP27B1 was significantly increased in BCC, AK, and psoriatic lesions as well. Interestingly, only about 5-6% and 2% of the mast cells expressed CYP27A1 and CYP27B1, respectively, in the non-lesional skin of psoriatic and AK patients. In contrast, 23-38% and 6-9% of the mast cells were immunopositive for CYP27A1 and CYP27B1, respectively, in the non-lesional skin of BCC and SCC patients. In human LAD2 mast cell cultures, about 30% and 15% of the mast cells showed CYP27A1 and CYP27B1, respectively, though the immunostainings of these enzymes were not markedly affected by UVB irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased proportions of mast cells express vitamin D3 metabolizing enzymes in the lesional skin. Therefore, mast cells may promote an immunosuppressive environment, e.g., in skin carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland P.O.B. 100, 70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaukinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland P.O.B. 100, 70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Ilkka T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Harvima
mesh_terms: D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053493:Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C506831:CYP27A1 protein, human; D053493:Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase; D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase; C000600378:CYP27B1 protein, human
keywords: carcinoma; mast cell; psoriasis; skin; vitamin D