title: A prevalent caveolin-1 gene variant is associated with the metabolic syndrome in Caucasians and Hispanics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether a prevalent caveolin-1 gene (CAV1) variant, previously related to insulin resistance, is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included subjects genotyped for the CAV1 variant rs926198 from two cohorts: 735 Caucasians from the HyperPATH multicenter study, and 810 Hispanic participants from the HTN-IR cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minor allele carriers from HyperPATH cohort (57% of subjects) had higher Framingham risk scores, higher odds of diabetes (10.7% vs 5.7%, p=0.016), insulin resistance (44.3% vs 35.1%, p=0.022), low HDL (49.3% vs 39.6%, p=0.018) and MetS (33% vs 20.5%, p<0.001) but similar BMI. Consistently, minor allele carriers exhibited higher odds of MetS, even when adjusted for confounders and relatedness (OR 2.83 (1.73-4.63), p<0.001). The association with MetS was replicated in the Hispanic cohort HTN-IR (OR 1.61, [1.06-2.44], p=0.025). Exploratory analyses suggest that MetS risk is modified by a CAV1 variant-BMI status interaction, whereby the minor allele carrier status strongly predicted MetS (OR 3.86 [2.05-7.27], p<0.001) and diabetes (OR 2.27 [1.07-4.78], p=0.03) in non-obese, but not in obese subjects. In addition, we observed a familial aggregation for MetS diagnosis in minor allele carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalent CAV1 gene variant rs926198 is associated with MetS in separate Caucasian and Hispanic cohorts. These findings appear to be driven by an interaction between the genetic marker and obesity status, suggesting that the CAV1 variant may improve risk profiling in non-obese subjects. Additional studies are needed to confirm the clinical implications of our results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Endocrinology, School Of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baudrand
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
authors.forename: Mark O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Goodarzi
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Centre Investigation Clinique, Assistance Publique- Georges Pompidou; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite Mixte de Recherche en Sante 970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jeunemaitre
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Genetics Research Unit, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Raby
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lasky-Su
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Gail K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
authors.forename: Jinrui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502.
authors.forename: Xiuqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502.
authors.forename: Kent D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502.
authors.forename: Yii-Der I
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Research and Evaluation Branch, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91188.
authors.forename: Anny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, CA 90033.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502.
authors.forename: Jerome I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: lpojoga@partners.org.
authors.forename: Luminita H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pojoga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Caveolin 1; Diabetes; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome