title: Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis in Chickens after Experimental Infection with 9a5b Newcastle Disease Virus Mutant Isolate.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on the chicken pancreas. A virulent 9a5b mutant NDV isolate was inoculated intranasally into 32-day-old specific pathogen-free white Leghorn chickens. The pancreas was examined grossly and fixed for histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical investigations. Inflammatory changes were observed in the peripancreatic tissue at the early stage of infection (12 h post infection) and became more prevalent towards the end of the experiment. Multifocal areas of necrotizing inflammation were detected in the exocrine portion of the pancreas by 5 days post infection (dpi) and became more severe at 10 dpi. The endocrine islets were generally preserved, but slight degenerative changes were observed at 10 dpi. Immunohistochemically, NDV-nucleoprotein (NDV-NP) signals were detected in the peripancreatic tissues (associated with macrophages and other lymphoid cells) by 1 dpi. In the exocrine portion of the pancreas, NDV-NP signals were detected at 5 dpi and increased in intensity and distribution by 10 dpi. NDV particles were confirmed in the cytoplasm of exocrine acinar cells by transmission electron microscopy. CD3-positive cells were observed in the peripancreatic tissues earlier than in the pancreatic tissue. Moreover, in comparison with control chickens, insulin immunoexpression was unchanged, except on the last day of the experiment, when it was slightly reduced. The 9a5b NDV infection induced an inflammatory reaction and viral replication in the peripancreatic tissues earlier than in the pancreatic tissue. Furthermore, necrosis affected mainly the exocrine portion of the pancreas, while the endocrine portion was generally unaffected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Bahrawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sunden
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori, Japan. Electronic address: morita@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
keywords: 9a5b Newcastle disease virus; chicken; experimental infection; pancreas