title: HPLC-MS/MS method validation for the detection of carbadox and olaquindox in poultry and swine feedingstuffs.
abstract: Carbadox (CBX) and olaquindox (OLA) were used in poultry and swine feed for growth promotion, to improve feed efficiency and increase the rate of weight gain. However, the use of these agents in feedingstuffs was prohibited because of concerns about their toxicity. Regulatory laboratories are required to have suitably validated analytical methods to ensure compliance with the ban. A quantitative and confirmatory method for determining the presence of CBX and OLA in poultry and swine feed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed, optimized, and validated. The analytes extraction was performed with a mixture of water and acetonitrile (1:1v/v) and cleanup with hexane and C18 (dispersive phase). The method was evaluated by the following parameters: specificity, linearity, matrix effect, decision limits (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), accuracy, precision, limits of detection (LoD), limits of quantification (LoQ) and measurement uncertainty. The validated method presented a broad linear study range and no significant matrix effect. The limit of detection (LoD) was defined at 9 μg kg(-1) for CBX and 80 μg kg(-1) for OLA, and the limit of quantification (LoQ) was defined at 12 μg kg(-1) and 110 μg kg(-1) for CBX and OLA, respectively. The accuracy of the method was adequate for CBX and OLA. The recovery values found in the repeatability conditions were 99.41% for CBX and 104.62% for OLA. Under intralaboratory reproducibility conditions, the values were 98.63% for CBX and 95.07% for OLA. It was concluded that the performance parameters demonstrated total method adequacy for the detection and quantification of CBX and OLA in poultry and swine feedingstuffs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (Lanagro-MG), Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/n -Pedro Leopoldo-MG, CEP 33.600-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner Lutero
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Souza Dibai
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (Lanagro-MG), Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/n -Pedro Leopoldo-MG, CEP 33.600-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juarez Fabiano
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Alkimin Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário (Lanagro-MG), Av. Rômulo Joviano, s/n -Pedro Leopoldo-MG, CEP 33.600-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano Aurélio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: da Silva Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30.123-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sampaio de Assis
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30.123-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Camargos Lara
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30.123-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tadeu Chaves
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30.123-970, Brazil. Electronic address: silvanavc@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vasconcelos Cançado
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002218:Carbadox / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D011200:Poultry; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; C013168:olaquindox; D002218:Carbadox
keywords: Carbadox; Feedingstuffs; HPLC-MS/MS; Olaquindox; Validation