title: A multi-channel opto-electronic sensor to accurately monitor heart rate against motion artefact during exercise.
abstract: This study presents the use of a multi-channel opto-electronic sensor (OEPS) to effectively monitor critical physiological parameters whilst preventing motion artefact as increasingly demanded by personal healthcare. The aim of this work was to study how to capture the heart rate (HR) efficiently through a well-constructed OEPS and a 3-axis accelerometer with wireless communication. A protocol was designed to incorporate sitting, standing, walking, running and cycling. The datasets collected from these activities were processed to elaborate sport physiological effects. t-test, Bland-Altman Agreement (BAA), and correlation to evaluate the performance of the OEPS were used against Polar and Mio-Alpha HR monitors. No differences in the HR were found between OEPS, and either Polar or Mio-Alpha (both p > 0.05); a strong correlation was found between Polar and OEPS (r: 0.96, p < 0.001); the bias of BAA 0.85 bpm, the standard deviation (SD) 9.20 bpm, and the limits of agreement (LOA) from -17.18 bpm to +18.88 bpm. For the Mio-Alpha and OEPS, a strong correlation was found (r: 0.96, p < 0.001); the bias of BAA 1.63 bpm, SD 8.62 bpm, LOA from -15.27 bpm to +18.58 bpm. These results demonstrate the OEPS to be capable of carrying out real time and remote monitoring of heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Wolfson School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. A.Alzahrani@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alzahrani
authors.affiliation: Wolfson School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. S.Hu@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sijung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Wolfson School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. V.Azorin-Peris@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Azorin-Peris
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. L.A.Barrett@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. D.Esliger@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esliger
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Consultants Limited, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0DW, UK. matthew.hayes@cambridgeconsultants.com.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud 11, Polytech'Paris-Sud-Service des stages, Bât 620, Orsaycedex 91405, France. shafique.akbare@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shafique
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akbare
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud 11, Polytech'Paris-Sud-Service des stages, Bât 620, Orsaycedex 91405, France. achart.j@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Achart
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud 11, Polytech'Paris-Sud-Service des stages, Bât 620, Orsaycedex 91405, France. sylvain.kuoch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuoch
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D004867:Equipment Design; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: accelerometer; heart rate; motion artefact; multi-channel opto-electronics; pulse wave; sport physiological monitoring; vital signs; wearables