title: Profiling ethanol-targeted transcription factors in human carcinoma cell-derived embryoid bodies.
abstract: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a collective term that represents fetal abnormalities associated with maternal alcohol consumption. Prenatal alcohol exposure and related anomalies are well characterized, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet understood. Few insights have been gained from genetic and epigenetic studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Our aim was to profile the important molecular regulators of ethanol-related alterations of the genome. For this purpose, we have analyzed the gene expression pattern of human carcinoma cell-derived embryoid bodies in the absence or presence of ethanol. A cDNA microarray analysis was used to profile mRNA expression in embryoid bodies at day 7 with or without ethanol treatment. A total of 493 differentially expressed genes were identified in response to 50 mM ethanol exposure. Of these, 111 genes were up-regulated, and 382 were down-regulated. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis revealed that these genes are involved in important biological processes: neurological system processes, cognition, behavior, sensory perception of smell, taste and chemical stimuli and synaptic transmission. Similarly, the enrichment of disease-related genes included relevant categories such as neurological diseases, developmental disorders, skeletal and muscular disorders, and connective tissue disorders. Furthermore, we have identified a group of 26 genes that encode transcription factors. We validated the relative gene expression of several transcription factors using quantitative real time PCR. We hope that our study substantially contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of alcohol-mediated anomalies and facilitates further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chanchal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Debasish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halder
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Choul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seek
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: khjung2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ygchai@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058732:Embryoid Bodies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol consumption; FASD; Gene expression; Microarray analysis; Transcription factors