title: Cancer Chemoprevention Effects of Ginger and its Active Constituents: Potential for New Drug Discovery.
abstract: Ginger is a commonly used spice and herbal medicine worldwide. Besides its extensive use as a condiment, ginger has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the management of various medical conditions. In recent years, ginger has received wide attention due to its observed antiemetic and anticancer activities. This paper reviews the potential role of ginger and its active constituents in cancer chemoprevention. The phytochemistry, bioactivity, and molecular targets of ginger constituents, especially 6-shogaol, are discussed. The content of 6-shogaol is very low in fresh ginger, but significantly higher after steaming. With reported anti-cancer activities, 6-shogaol can be served as a lead compound for new drug discovery. The lead compound derivative synthesis, bioactivity evaluation, and computational docking provide a promising opportunity to identify novel anticancer compounds originating from ginger.
authors.affiliation: * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Chong-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.|‡ State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, JS 210009, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA.|† Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002396:Catechols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry; D003474:Curcumin / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D055808:Drug Discovery; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013227:Steam; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002396:Catechols; D013227:Steam; C040115:shogaol; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: 6-Gingerol; 6-Shogaol; Cancer Chemoprevention; Curcumin; Derivatives; Ginger; Lead Compound; New Drug Discovery; Receptor Docking; Review; Steaming; Zingiber officinale