title: Assessment of thyroid endocrine system impairment and oxidative stress mediated by cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in zebrafish larvae.
abstract: Fascinating super paramagnetic uniqueness of iron oxide particles at nano-scale level make them extremely useful in the state of the art therapies, equipments, and techniques. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are extensively used in nano-based medicine and electronics, results in extensive discharge and accumulation into the environment. However, very limited information is available for their endocrine disrupting potential in aquatic organisms. In this study, the thyroid endocrine disrupting ability of CoFe2O4NPs in Zebrafish larvae for 168-h post fertilization (hpf) was evaluated. The results showed the elevated amounts of T4 and T3 hormones by malformation of hypothalamus pituitary axis in zebrafish larvae. These elevated levels of whole body THs leads to delayed hatching, head and eye malformation, arrested development, and alterations in metabolism. The influence of THs disruption on ROS production and change in activities of catalase (CAT), mu-glutathione s-transferase (mu-GST), and acid phosphatase (AP) were also studied. The production of significantly higher amounts of in vivo generation of ROS leads to membrane damage and oxidative stress. Presences of NPs and NPs agglomerates/aggregates were also the contributing factors in mechanical damaging the membranes and physiological structure of thyroid axis. The increased activities of CAT, mu-GST, and AP confirmed the increased oxidative stress, possible DNA, and metabolic alterations, respectively. The excessive production of in vivo ROS leads to severe apoptosis in head, eye, and heart region confirming that malformation leads to malfunctioning of hypothalamus pituitary axis. ROS-induced oxidative DNA damage by formation of 8-OHdG DNA adducts elaborates the genotoxicity potential of CoFe2O4NPs. This study will help us to better understand the risk and assessment of endocrine disrupting potential of nanoparticles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2068-2080, 2016.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.|Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003035:Cobalt / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000002:abnormalities; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000002:abnormalities; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C569492:cobalt ferrite; D003035:Cobalt; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase
keywords: apoptosis; genotoxicity; nanotoxicity; oxidative stress; thyroid disruption