title: Particle-based platforms for malaria vaccines.
abstract: Recombinant subunit vaccines in general are poor immunogens likely due to the small size of peptides and proteins, combined with the lack or reduced presentation of repetitive motifs and missing complementary signal(s) for optimal triggering of the immune response. Therefore, recombinant subunit vaccines require enhancement by vaccine delivery vehicles in order to attain adequate protective immunity. Particle-based delivery platforms, including particulate antigens and particulate adjuvants, are promising delivery vehicles for modifying the way in which immunogens are presented to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These particle delivery platforms can also co-deliver non-specific immunostimodulators as additional adjuvants. This paper reviews efforts and advances of the Particle-based delivery platforms in development of vaccines against malaria, a disease that claims over 600,000 lives per year, most of them are children under 5 years of age in sub-Sahara Africa.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: ywu@path.org.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Narum
authors.affiliation: Mymetics Corp., 4 Route de la Corniche, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.affiliation: Cytos Biotechnology AG, Wagistrasse 25, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.affiliation: Malaria Vaccine Branch, U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadava
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
keywords: Adjuvant; Delivery; Malaria; Particle; Vaccine