title: Novel delivery approaches for cancer therapeutics.
abstract: Currently, a majority of cancer treatment strategies are based on the removal of tumor mass mainly by surgery. Chemical and physical treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapies have also made a major contribution in inhibiting rapid growth of malignant cells. Furthermore, these approaches are often combined to enhance therapeutic indices. It is widely known that surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy also inhibit normal cells growth. In addition, these treatment modalities are associated with severe side effects and high toxicity which in turn lead to low quality of life. This review encompasses novel strategies for more effective chemotherapeutic delivery aiming to generate better prognosis. Currently, cancer treatment is a highly dynamic field and significant advances are being made in the development of novel cancer treatment strategies. In contrast to conventional cancer therapeutics, novel approaches such as ligand or receptor based targeting, triggered release, intracellular drug targeting, gene delivery, cancer stem cell therapy, magnetic drug targeting and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, have added new modalities for cancer treatment. These approaches have led to selective detection of malignant cells leading to their eradication with minimal side effects. Lowering multi-drug resistance and involving influx transportation in targeted drug delivery to cancer cells can also contribute significantly in the therapeutic interventions in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. Electronic address: mitraa@umkc.edu.
authors.forename: Ashim K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Vibhuti
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agrahari
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Abhirup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Ricon Pharmaceuticals LLC, 100 Ford Road, Denville, NJ 07834, USA.
authors.forename: Kishore
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cholkar
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Chandramouli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Sujay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Hoang M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; INSYS Therapeutics Inc, 444 South Ellis Road, Chandler, AZ 85224, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaishya
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: INSYS Therapeutics Inc, 444 South Ellis Road, Chandler, AZ 85224, USA.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011355:Prodrugs
keywords: Cancer; Cell Penetrating Peptides; Chemotherapeutics; Efflux Pumps; Gene therapy; Immunotherapy; Stem cells; Targeted Drug Delivery; Tumor