title: Plasma levels of microRNA in chronic kidney disease: patterns in acute and chronic exercise.
abstract: Exercise training is an effective way to improve exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms are only partly understood. In healthy subjects (HS), microRNA (miRNA or miR) are dynamically regulated following exercise and have, therefore, been suggested as regulators of cardiovascular adaptation to exercise. However, these effects were not studied in CKD before. The effect of acute exercise (i.e., an acute exercise bout) was assessed in 32 patients with CKD and 12 age- and sex-matched HS (study 1). miRNA expression in response to chronic exercise (i.e., a 3-mo exercise training program) was evaluated in 40 CKD patients (study 2). In a subgroup of study 2, the acute-exercise induced effect was evaluated at baseline and at follow-up. Plasma levels of a preselected panel miRNA, involved in exercise adaptation processes such as angiogenesis (miR-126, miR-210), inflammation (miR-21, miR-146a), hypoxia/ischemia (miR-21, miR-210), and progenitor cells (miR-150), were quantified by RT-PCR. Additionally, seven miRNA involved in similar biological processes were quantified in the subgroup of study 2. Baseline, studied miRNA were comparable in CKD and HS. Following acute exercise, miR-150 levels increased in both CKD (fold change 2.12 ± 0.39, P = 0.002; and HS: fold change 2.41 ± 0.48 P = 0.018, P for interaction > 0.05). miR-146a acutely decreased in CKD (fold change 0.92 ± 0.13, P = 0.024), whereas it remained unchanged in HS. Levels of miR-21, miR-126, and miR-210 remained unaltered. Chronic exercise did not elicit a significant change in the studied miRNA levels. However, an acute exercise-induced decrease in miR-210 was observed in CKD patients, only after training (fold change 0.76 ± 0.15). The differential expression in circulating miRNA in response to acute and chronic exercise may point toward a physiological role in cardiovascular adaptation to exercise, also in CKD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; amaryllis.vancraenenbroeck@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Amaryllis H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-9406
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Van Craenenbroeck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Kristien J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ledeganck
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Katrijn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Ackeren
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Vicky Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Hoymans
authors.affiliation: StatUA Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; and.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Benedicte Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: De Winter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Gert A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Verpooten
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Christiaan J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vrints
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Couttenye
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Emeline M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Craenenbroeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000235:genetics; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: acute exercise; chronic kidney disease; exercise training; microRNA