title: Urinary tract infection and indwelling urinary catheters: prospective study in gynecological surgery with antibiotic prophylaxis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters is a predisposing factor for their development. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of pre and postoperative bacteriuria, identify the microorganisms involved, count the colony-forming units, determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile and compare the results from pre and postoperative urinalyses among women undergoing gynecological surgery with implantation of a urinary catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-controlled prospective observational single-cohort epidemiological study carried out at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were collected before and 24 hours after catheterization for urinalysis, culturing and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Pre and postoperative urinalyses were compared using Wilcoxon and McNemar non-parametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one women participated in the study. Escherichia coligrew in six preoperative samples (11.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae in one (1.9%), but bacterial growth did not occur in any postoperative sample. Urinalysis showed lower number of pus cells in the postoperative urine samples (P < 0.05). There were no differences in red blood cell counts or in the nitrite and leukocyte esterase tests, between the samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacteriuria was found in 13.7% of the preoperative samples. Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to most antibiotics were identified. In the postoperative samples, no bacterial growth was observed. Urinalysis only showed significant reduction of leukocyturia in the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carraro-Eduardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela da Silva
authors.initials: Dda S
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ingrid Ellis
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Hinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan Penaloza
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah Gomes
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Juan José
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mondino
authors.affiliation: Statistics Department, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Rodrigo de
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Mother-Child Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Faria
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016482:Urinalysis; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062885:Urinary Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents