title: Food Deprivation Affects the miRNome in the Lactating Goat Mammary Gland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nutrition affects milk composition thus influencing its nutritional properties. Nutrition also modifies the expression of mammary genes, whose regulation is not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non coding RNA which are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs. Our goal was to characterize miRNA whose expression is regulated by nutrition in the lactating goat mammary gland, which may provide clues to deciphering regulations of the biosynthesis and secretion of milk components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using high-throughput sequencing technology, miRNomes of the lactating mammary gland were established from lactating goats fed ad libitum or deprived of food for 48 h affecting milk production and composition. High throughput miRNA sequencing revealed 30 miRNA with an expression potentially modulated by food deprivation; 16 were down-regulated and 14 were up-regulated. Diana-microT predictive tools suggested a potential role for several nutriregulated miRNA in lipid metabolism. Among the putative targets, 19 were previously identified as differently expressed genes (DEG). The functions of these 19 DEG revealed, notably, their involvement in tissue remodelling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this study offers the first evidence of nutriregulated miRNA in the ruminant mammary gland. Characterization of these 30 miRNA could contribute to a clearer understanding of gene regulation in the mammary gland in response to nutrition.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Lenha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mobuchon
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marthey
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Guillou
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laloë
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Provost
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leroux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs