title: Controversies in preterm brain injury.
abstract: In this review, we highlight critical unresolved questions in the etiology and mechanisms causing preterm brain injury. Involvement of neurons, glia, endogenous factors and exogenous exposures is considered. The structural and functional correlates of interrupted development and injury in the premature brain are under active investigation, with the hope that the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying developmental abnormalities in the human preterm brain can be understood, prevented or repaired.
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Institute, Neonatology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: apenn@childrensnational.org.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gressens
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK.
authors.forename: Bobbi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleiss
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Brain development; Neuroimaging; Preterm brain injury; White matter injury