title: Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle.
abstract: This study aimed to compare between the efficiency of in vivo fecal egg reduction test (FERT) and in vitro egg hatching assay (EHA) in evaluating of the anti-Fasciola activity of albendazole, triclabendazole, oxyclozanide and praziquantel. A field trial was carried out on fifty naturally Fasciola infected cattle that were divided equally into 5 groups (A-E). On day zero; groups A-D were drenched with albendazole, triclabendazole, oxyclozanide or praziquantel, respectively, while the remaining one, group E, was kept as untreated control. Fecal egg counts of the different groups were conducted weekly over a period of one month post-treatment. In vitro, commercial albendazole and oxyclozanide were diluted to 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 μg/ml, while commercial triclabendazole and praziquantel were diluted to concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In vivo, at the 2nd week post-treatment, triclabendazole and oxyclozanide showed 100% fecal egg reduction (FER), and albendazole had a maximum of 73.7% reduction (P < 0.0001), however, praziquantel did not record any reduction of Fasciola egg counts. In vitro, triclabendazole treated Fasciola gigantica eggs showed early embryonic lysis with zero% hatching at the different concentrations (P < 0.01). In albendazole, the hatching varied according to the drug concentration. At the highest two concentrations; 0.2 and 2.0 μg/ml, the hatching percentages were 7.4 ± 1.6 and 5.6 ± 1.5 (P < 0.01) respectively. On the contrary, there were no significant differences in egg development and hatching percentage of oxyclozanide or praziquantel treated groups. In conclusion, the efficacy of triclabendazole and albendazole as fasciolicdes could be predicted by Egg Hatching Assay (EHA). Meanwhile fasciolicide activity of oxyclozanide could not be assessed with EHA. Based on in vivo and in vitro findings, paraziquantel did not show any fasciolicide effect.
authors.affiliation: Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Egypt. Electronic address: Walid.ahmed@vet.bsu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Waleed M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Arafa
authors.affiliation: Animal health research institute, Parasitology Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shokeir
authors.affiliation: Animal health research institute, Parasitology Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdelrahman M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khateib
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005209:Fasciola / Q000145:classification*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics
keywords: Benzamidazole; Egg hatching assay; Fasciola gigantica; Fecal egg reduction test; Oxyclozanide; Praziquantel