title: Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Smokeless Tobacco Products by Use of UHPLC-MS/MS.
abstract: This work developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantitation of aflatoxins in smokeless tobacco products, which was then used to determine aflatoxin B1 concentrations in 32 smokeless tobacco products commercially available in the United States. Smokeless tobacco products were dried, milled, and amended with (13)C17-labeled internal standards, extracted in water/methanol solution in the presence of a surfactant, isolated through use of immunoaffinity column chromatography, and reconstituted in mobile phase prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The method was capable of baseline separation of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in a 2.5 min run by use of a fused core C18 column and a water/methanol gradient. MS/MS transition (m/z) 313.3 → 241.2 was used for aflatoxin B1 quantitation, with 313.3 → 285.1 used for confirmation. The limit of detection (LOD) for aflatoxin B1 was 0.007 parts per billion (ppb). Method imprecision for aflatoxin B1 (expressed as coefficient of variation) ranged from 5.5 to 9.4%. Spike recoveries were 105-111%. Aflatoxin B1 concentrations in the smokeless tobacco products analyzed ranged from <LOD to 0.271 ppb (dry mass). Aflatoxin B1 was most frequently detected in dry snuffs and chews, whereas all moist snuff products tested were below LOD. The amounts of aflatoxin B1 detected were low relative to the 20 ppb regulatory limit established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for foods and feeds.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30044, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zitomer
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30044, United States.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, Division of Product Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, Division of Product Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, Division of Product Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: UHPLC-MS/MS; aflatoxins; chewing tobacco; immunoaffinity column chromatography; smokeless tobacco