title: A comparative study of virtual hand prosthesis control using an inductive tongue control system.
abstract: This study compares the time required to activate a grasp or function of a hand prosthesis when using an electromyogram (EMG) based control scheme and when using a control scheme combining EMG and control signals from an inductive tongue control system (ITCS). Using a cross-over study design, 10 able-bodied subjects used a computer model of a hand and completed simulated grasping exercises. The time required to activate grasps was recorded and analyzed for both control schemes. End session mean activation times (ATs; seconds) for the EMG control scheme grasps 1 -5 were 0.80, 1.51, 1.95, 2.93, and 3.42; for the ITCS control scheme grasps 1 ‒5 they were 1.19, 1.89, 1.75, 2.26, and 1.80. Mean AT for grasps 1 and 2 was statistically significant in favor of the EMG control scheme (p = 0.030; p = 0.004). For grasp 3 no statistical significance occurred, and for grasps 4 and 5 there was a statistical significance in favour of the ITCS control scheme (p = 0.048; p = 0.004). Based on the amount of training and the achieved level of performance, it is concluded that the proposed ITCS control scheme can be used as a means of enhancing prosthesis control.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biomedical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sebelius
authors.affiliation: c Arm Center, Sahva A/S, København Ø , Denmark.
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentsen
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark.|d School of Electrical Engineering , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Dejan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark.
authors.forename: Lotte N S
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Andreasen Struijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D012984:Software; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: myoelectric control; prosthesis control schemes; upper limb prosthetics