title: Control of Invasive Salmonella Disease in Africa: Is There a Role for Human Challenge Models?
abstract: Invasive Salmonella disease in Africa is a major public health concern. With evidence of the transcontinental spread of the Salmonella Typhi H58 haplotype, improved estimates of the burden of infection and understanding of the complex interplay of factors affecting disease transmission are needed to assist with efforts aimed at disease control. In addition to Salmonella Typhi, invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella are increasingly recognized as an important cause of febrile illness and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Human experimental oral challenge studies with Salmonella can be used as a model to offer unique insights into host-pathogen interactions as well as a platform to efficiently test new diagnostic and vaccine candidates. In this article, we review the background and use of human challenge studies to date and discuss how findings from these studies may lead to progress in the control of invasive Salmonella disease in Africa.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Malick M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gibani
authors.affiliation: Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Celina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Darton
authors.affiliation: Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pollard
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D019779:Salmonella enterica; D012485:Salmonella typhi; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Salmonella Typhi; controlled human infection study; human challenge study; invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella; typhoid fever