title: Recent developments in smart freezing technology applied to fresh foods.
abstract: Due to the increased awareness of consumers in sensorial and nutritional quality of frozen foods, the freezing technology has to seek new and innovative technologies for better retaining the fresh like quality of foods. In this article, we review the recent developments in smart freezing technology applied to fresh foods. The application of these intelligent technologies and the associated underpinning concepts have greatly improved the quality of frozen foods and the freezing efficiency. These technologies are able to automatically collect the information in-line during freezing and help control the freezing process better. Smart freezing technology includes new and intelligent technologies and concepts applied to the pretreatment of the frozen product, freezing processes, cold chain logistics as well as warehouse management. These technologies enable real-time monitoring of quality during the freezing process and help improve product quality and freezing efficiency. We also provide a brief overview of several sensing technologies used to achieve automatic control of individual steps of freezing process. These sensing technologies include computer vision, electronic nose, electronic tongue, digital simulation, confocal laser, near infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance technology and ultrasound. Understanding of the mechanism of these new technologies will be helpful for applying them to improve the quality of frozen foods.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Ji-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Bioresource Engineering , McGill University , Quebec , Canada.
authors.forename: Arun S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mujumdar
authors.affiliation: c School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne City Campus , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Benu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adhikari
mesh_terms: D005502:Food; D005519:Food Preservation; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D005615:Freezing; D005628:Frozen Foods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012034:Refrigeration
keywords: Fresh foods; food process; freezing technology; smart