title: [EFFECTIVENESS OF LIMITED INTERNAL FIXATION COMBINED WITH HINGED SUPER-ARTICULAR EXTERNAL FIXATOR FOR TYPE C3 FRACTURE OF DISTAL HUMERUS IN ADULT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of limited internal fixation combined with hinged super-articular external fixator to treat type C3 fracture of the distal humerus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2007 and November 2012, 37 cases of type C3 fracture of the distal humerus were treated. There were 22 males and 15 females with an average age of 43.6 years (range, 22-66 years). The causes were accident injury in 24 cases, falling injury in 5 cases, falling from height in 4 cases, heavy crush injury in 2 cases, machine injury in 1 case, and other injury in 1 case. There were 22 cases of open injury and 15 cases of closed injury. The time from injury to operation was 3-46 hours (mean, 18 hours).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Needle tract reaction and incision infection occurred in 3 cases and 1 case respectively, healing of incision by first intension was obtained in the other cases. Thirty-six patients were followed up 9-48 months (mean, 25.4 months). Heterotopic ossification occurred in 3 cases after operation and no recurrence was found by release after fracture healing. Fractures healed in the other patients after 6-14 months (mean, 9 months) of operation except 1 patient who suffered chronic osteomyelitis. One patient had delayed ulnar neuritis at 12 months after operation, and the nerve function returned to normal after the ulnar nerve transposition. There was no bone ischemic necrosis, elbow joint instability, or loosening of internal fixation. At last follow-up, the average range of motion of injured elbow was 105.0° in flexion, -25.0° in extension, 69.2° in pronation, and 75.6° in supination. According to Mayo elbow joint function score (MEPS) and disability of arm shoulder and hand (DASH) score, the results were excellent in 22 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 4 cases, and poor in 2 cases with an excellent and good rate of 83.3%; and according to Cassebaum elbow joint function score, the results were excellent in 21 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases with an excellent and good rate of 77.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of limited internal fixation and hinged super-articular external fixator has satisfactory clinical curative effect for type C3 fractures of the distal humerus, relatively few complications.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sichun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shizhou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jinhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Fuguo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004550:Elbow; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004838:Epiphyses; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092464:Elbow Injuries