title: An Estimation of the Biological Properties of Fish Collagen in an Experimental In Vitro Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The principal sources of medical collagen are pork, calf skin and bone. There are now more studies on a much safer, alternative source of active collagen, mainly from aquatic life. Active collagen and its peptides FCP (fish collagen peptides) have already been extracted from the skin of salmon, cobia, hoki, tilapia, zebrafish, ling, shark, silver carp and also jellyfish.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of fish collagen on human fibroblasts from gingiva. The cytotoxicity of the new formulation and induction of endogenous collagen was estimated by means of the collagen derived from fish skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fish collagen was extracted from the skin of silver carp at 16 degrees Celsius. To compare the biocompatibility and endogenous collagen production Geistlich Bio-Gide® membrane was ordered in Geistlich Biomaterials (Geistich AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland). The culture of human fibroblasts was performed acc. to Saczko et al. The fibroblasts were treated 96 hours with 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% experimental collagen formulation to induce endogenous collagen production. The Sircol collagen assay was done to measure amount of collagen. Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity in MTT assay after 24 h followed by 24 h of incubation with experimental collagen formulation. Qualitative analysis was performed by immunocytochemically staining of collagen type I and III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preparations of fish collagen are not cytotoxic at concentrations below 1%. Cells cultured in the presence of this product are characterized by a large number of endogenous collagen, which is comparable to the control. In case of porcine collagen membrane was noticed decreased to 83% production of endogenous collagen and reduction of cell viability to 69%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that experimental fish collagen is an innovative product which may induce expression of endogenous collagen in fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuzan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smulczyńska-Demel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chwiłkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saczko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frydrychowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominiak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D003094:Collagen