title: Extracellular Matrix and Growth Factors Improve the Efficacy of Intramuscular Islet Transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of intramuscular islet transplantation is poor despite being technically simple, safe, and associated with reduced rates of severe complications. We evaluated the efficacy of combined treatment with extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors in intramuscular islet transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/C mice were used for the in vitro and transplantation studies. The following three groups were evaluated: islets without treatment (islets-only group), islets embedded in ECM with growth factors (Matrigel group), and islets embedded in ECM without growth factors [growth factor-reduced (GFR) Matrigel group]. The viability and insulin-releasing function of islets cultured for 96 h were significantly improved in Matrigel and GFR Matrigel groups compared with the islets-only group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood glucose and serum insulin levels immediately following transplantation were significantly improved in the Matrigel and GFR Matrigel groups and remained significantly improved in the Matrigel group at postoperative day (POD) 28. On histological examination, significantly decreased numbers of TdT-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling-positive islet cells and significantly increased numbers of Ki67-positive cells were observed in the Matrigel and GFR Matrigel groups at POD 3. Peri-islet revascularization was most prominent in the Matrigel group at POD 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy of intramuscular islet transplantation was improved by combination treatment with ECM and growth factors through the inhibition of apoptosis, increased proliferation of islet cells, and promotion of revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Gumpei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukase
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Integrated Surgery and Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayose
authors.affiliation: Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Mediscine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unno
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins