title: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF RETINAL VENOUS OCCLUSION.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To noninvasively evaluate the retinal microvasculature in human subjects with retinal venous occlusions using optical coherence tomography angiography and assess potential clinical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, observational study of adult human subjects with clinical and imaging findings demonstrating retinal venous occlusion. Subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography as appropriate for their standard of care. Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed on a prototype spectral domain-OCTA system in 3 mm × 3 mm and 6 mm × 6 mm regions centered on the fovea and parafoveal areas. Retinal vasculature was assessed within three horizontal slabs consisting of the superficial, middle, and deep retina. The vasculature within each slab was reconstructed using intensity contrast-based algorithms and visualized as en-face images. Optical coherence tomography angiograms were manually segmented to verify the accuracy of the automated segmentation algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optical coherence tomography angiography was able to demonstrate almost all of the clinically relevant findings in 25 subjects with acute and chronic retinal venous occlusion. These findings were consistent with clinical, anatomic, and fluorescein angiographic findings including areas of impaired vascular perfusion, retinal atrophy, vascular dilation, shunt vessels, and some forms of intraretinal edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optical coherence tomography angiography is an investigational method that generates high-resolution, noninvasive angiograms that qualitatively illustrate most of clinically relevant findings in retinal venous occlusion. Optical coherence tomography angiography corresponds well with fluorescein angiograms and in many cases provides more detailed anatomic and blood flow information. Optical coherence tomography angiography, in conjunction with standard spectral domain-OCT, is at least equally as effective as fluorescein angiography for evaluation and management of the macular complications of retinal venous occlusions.
authors.affiliation: *USC Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and †Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, California.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kashani
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshfeghi
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Puliafito
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence