title: PLA nanovectors with encapsulated betulin: plant leaf extract-synthesized nanovectors are more efficacious than PVA-synthesized nanovectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Betulin (BT) is an abundant triterpene found predominantly in the bark of Himalayan birch. It is difficult to deliver it in vivo because of its low aqueous solubility. We have therefore developed novel formulations of BT for improving its solubility, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poly-D,L-lactide nanovectors (PLA NVs) were synthesized using poly(vinyl alcohol) and Lonicera japonica leaf extract (LE) as a stabiliser and named as PLA-1 NVs and PLA-2 NVs. PLA-1 NVs and PLA-2 NVs were used for the encapsulation of betulin (BT) and named as BT-En-1 and BT-En-2 NVs. The encapsulation efficiency of BT-En-1 and BT-En-2 NVs were 99.3 and 100 % respectively. Prepared nanoformulations were physically stable. An in vitro study revealed 45 % BT was released over 24 h. BT had a prolonged release from BT-En-2 NVs as compared to BT-En-1 NVs. BT-En-2 NVs had better anticancerous activity against SiHa cells than BT-En-1 NVs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developed BT-EN-2 NVs had better biocompatibility, excellent stability and enhanced release characteristics than BT-En-1 NVs.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, H. P., 176061, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ramdhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, H. P., 176061, India.
authors.forename: Dharmesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, H. P., 176061, India.
authors.forename: Avnesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, H. P., 176061, India. sudeshkumar@ihbt.res.in.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India. sudeshkumar@ihbt.res.in.
authors.forename: Sudesh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D014315:Triterpenes; C033616:poly(lactide); C002503:betulin; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
keywords: Anticancer activity; Betulin; Encapsulation; Leaf extract; Lonicera japonica; Nanovectors; Poly-D,L-lactide