title: Diagnosis and Control of a LPAI H5N8 Outbreak in a Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Commercial Flock in the Central Valley of California.
abstract: In April 2014 an outbreak of low pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 North American genetic lineage was diagnosed in a commercial quail operation in Stanislaus County, California. Sudden increase in mortality prompted the submission of 20 Japanese quail hens (Coturnix c. japonica) to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Turlock Branch. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs tested positive for influenza A virus H5N8 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The virus was subsequently isolated. In vivo assay and sequencing of the hemagglutinin protein cleavage site classified the virus as a North American genetic lineage of low pathogenicity for chickens. Following the diagnosis, a rapid and coordinated response took place to contain the outbreak. The affected premise was depopulated, cleaned, and disinfected. Three areas from the affected premises-a 3 kilometer (km) radius (High Risk Zone), a 3-10 km area (Buffer Zone), and a 10-20 km (Surveillance Zone)-were established for avian influenza testing of commercial and noncommercial poultry operations. Surveillance testing and rapid control measures were successful in the control and eradication of the outbreak and revealed no area of spread of the virus from the index flock. This report describes the history, diagnosis, surveillance, and control measures applied to manage this outbreak.
authors.affiliation: A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carnaccini
authors.affiliation: B University of California, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 620 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crossley
authors.affiliation: B University of California, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 620 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Breitmeyer
authors.affiliation: A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380.
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.affiliation: C Cutler Associates International, 3562 Jomar Drive, Napa, CA 94558.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.affiliation: D California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services Division, 1220 N. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: D California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services Division, 1220 N. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De La Torre
authors.affiliation: E National Veterinary Services Laboratory, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010.
authors.forename: Mia Kim
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Torchetti
authors.affiliation: F Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678.
authors.forename: Sook-San
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: D California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services Division, 1220 N. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: D California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services Division, 1220 N. Street, Sacramento, CA 95814.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: A California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380.
authors.forename: C Gabriel
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sentíes-Cué
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003370:Coturnix; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
keywords: California; H5; LPAI; avian influenza; control; duck; outbreak; quail