title: Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China in 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver cancer is a common cancer with poor prognosis in China. In this study, the national population-based cancer registration data were used to evaluate and analyze liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 and provide a reference for liver cancer prevention and control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2011 from 177 cancer registries with qualified data. These data were used in the final analysis including calculating crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths using age-specific rates and the corresponding populations. The national census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 355,595 and 322,416, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population (ASRIC), and age-standardized rate of incidence by world standard population (ASRIW) of liver cancer were 26.39/100,000, 19.48/100,000, and 19.10/100,000, respectively; the crude mortality, age-standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard population (ASRMC), and age-standardized rate of mortality by world standard population (ASRMW) of liver cancer were 23.93/100,000,17.48/100,000, and 17.17/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer increased greatly with age, particularly after 30 years and peaked at 80-84 or 85+ years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver cancer is a common cancer in China, particularly for males and residents in rural areas. Targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment programs should be carried out.
authors.affiliation: National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China. 1014372778@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China. zhengrongshou@163.com.
authors.forename: Rong-Shou
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China. zhangsw@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Si-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China. hongmeizeng2011@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China. chenwq@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wan-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002681:China; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D012042:Registries; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population