title: Cubeb Oil Lures: Terpenoid Emissions, Trapping Efficacy, and Longevity for Attraction of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).
abstract: Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood borer and the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus that causes laurel wilt. This lethal disease has decimated native redbay [Persea borbonia (L.) Sprengel] and swampbay [Persea palustris (Rafinesque) Sargent] throughout southeastern U.S. forests, and currently threatens avocado (Persea americana Miller) in Florida. To curtail the spread of laurel wilt, effective attractants are needed for early detection of the vector. Phoebe oil lures were the best known attractant for X. glabratus, but they are no longer available. The current detection system uses manuka oil lures, but previous research indicated that manuka lures have a short field life in Florida. Recently, cubeb oil was identified as a new attractant for X. glabratus, and cubeb bubble lures are now available commercially. This study compared trapping efficacy and field longevity of cubeb and manuka lures with phoebe lures that had been in storage since 2010 over a 12-wk period in south Florida. In addition, terpenoid emissions were quantified from cubeb and manuka lures aged outdoors for 12 wk. Captures were comparable with all three lures for 3 wk, but by 4 wk, captures with manuka were significantly less. Equivalent captures were obtained with cubeb and phoebe lures for 7 wk, but captures with cubeb were significantly greater from 8 to 12 wk. Our results indicate that cubeb bubble lures are the most effective tool currently available for detection of X. glabratus, with a field life of 3 months due to extended low release of attractive sesquiterpenes, primarily α-copaene and α-cubebene.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158. paul.kendra@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kendra
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158. Present address: Niogret Ecology Consulting LLC, 2980 SW 25th St., Miami, FL 33133.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niogret
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158.
authors.forename: Wayne S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Archbold Biological Station, P. O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Deyrup
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158.
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Epsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D048889:Weevils
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; C557332:phoebe oil
keywords: Xyleborus glabratus; laurel wilt; manuka oil; α-copaene; α-cubebene