title: Physical Delivery of Macromolecules using High-Aspect Ratio Nanostructured Materials.
abstract: There is great need for the development of an efficient delivery method of macromolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, to cell cytoplasm without eliciting toxicity or changing cell behavior. High-aspect ratio nanomaterials have addressed many challenges present in conventional methods, such as cell membrane passage and endosomal degradation, and have shown the feasibility of efficient high-throughput macromolecule delivery with minimal perturbation of cells. This review describes the recent advances of in vitro and in vivo physical macromolecule delivery with high-aspect ratio nanostructured materials and summarizes the synthesis methods, material properties, relevant applications, and various potential directions.
authors.forename: Kunwoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nithya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lingampalli
authors.affiliation: Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: Niren
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Hongyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D011992:Endosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D010455:Peptides
keywords: high-aspect ratio; high-throughput; macromolecules; nanostructures; physical delivery