title: Measuring intergroup ideologies: positive and negative aspects of emphasizing versus looking beyond group differences.
abstract: Research on interethnic relations has focused on two ideologies, asking whether it is best to de-emphasize social-category differences (colorblind) or emphasize and celebrate differences (multicultural). We argue each of these can manifest with negative outgroup evaluations: Assimilationism demands that subordinate groups adopt dominant group norms to minimize group distinctions; segregationism holds that groups should occupy separate spheres. Parallel versions can be identified for intergender relations. Scales to measure all four ideologies are developed both for ethnicity (Studies 1 and 2) and gender (Studies 3 and 4). Results demonstrate that the ideologies can be reliably measured, that the hypothesized four-factor models are superior to alternative models with fewer factors, and that the ideologies relate as predicted to the importance ascribed to group distinctions, subordinate group evaluations, and solution preferences for intergroup conflict scenarios. We argue that this fourfold model can help clarify theory and measurement, allowing a more nuanced assessment of ideological attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany Adam.Hahn@uni-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Boulder, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banchefsky
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Boulder, USA.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Boulder, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Judd
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011287:Prejudice; D012929:Psychological Distance; D011582:Psychological Theory; D063507:Sexism; D012919:Social Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012933:Social Identification; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States
keywords: colorblind; gender aware; gender blind; intergroup ideology; multicultural