title: Immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment.
abstract: Recent exciting progress in cancer immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy can elicit unprecedented durable responses in advanced cancer patients that are much greater than conventional chemotherapy. However, such responses only occur in a relatively small fraction of patients. A positive response to immunotherapy usually relies on dynamic interactions between tumor cells and immunomodulators inside the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on the context of these interactions, the TME may play important roles to either dampen or enhance immune responses. Understanding the interactions between immunotherapy and the TME is not only critical to dissect the mechanisms of action but also important to provide new approaches in improving the efficiency of current immunotherapies. In this review, we will highlight recent work on how the TME can influence the efficacy of immunotherapy as well as how manipulating the TME can improve current immunotherapy regimens in some cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: yfu@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Yang-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D054421:Chemokine CCL21 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D053326:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C515478:CCL21 protein, human; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; C505914:TNFSF14 protein, human; D053326:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
keywords: CAR T-cell therapy; Checkpoint blockade; Chemokine; Cytokine; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor-infiltrating immune cells