title: Evaluation of ophthalmic and hemodynamic parameters in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) submitted to dissociative anesthetic protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dissociative drugs are used for chemical restraint in monkeys. The aim was to evaluate muscle relaxation, recovery, and ophthalmic and hemodynamic parameters in 24 capuchin monkeys subjected to four dissociative anesthesia protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ), ketamine-xylazine (KX), ketamine-midazolam (KM), or ketamine-dexmedetomidine (KD). Muscle relaxation, digital reflex, lacrimal production, intraocular pressure (IOP), heart and respiratory rates, oxygen saturation (SpO2 ), rectal temperature, non-invasive arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pupillary reflexes, and eyeball positioning were evaluated every 5 minutes for 20 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle relaxation was highest in KM and KD. At 5-minute post-injection, IOP was higher in TZ than in all other groups. There was a significant difference between groups and times in heart and respiratory rates and temperature. There were no significant differences in SpO2, arterial blood pressure, and lacrimal production between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established parameters may help in clinical and ophthalmic examinations of primates.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.affiliation: The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ofri
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: D P H
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gomes Júnior
authors.affiliation: Screening Center for Wild Animals (CETAS), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Libório
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Martins Filho
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Oriá
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001831:Body Temperature; D002428:Cebus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative
keywords: dexmedetomidine; intraocular pressure; ketamine; lacrimal production; midazolam; tiletamine-zolazepam; xylazine