title: The effect of a chemical additive on the fermentation and aerobic stability of high-moisture corn.
abstract: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a chemical additive on the fermentation and aerobic stability of high-moisture corn (HMC). Ground HMC (~63% dry matter) was untreated, or treated with an additive containing sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite as active ingredients, at 0, 2, 3, or 4 L/t of fresh matter. Laboratory silos (7.5 L) were prepared and ensiled for 21 and 90d (4 silos/treatment per d of ensiling). Small bag silos were prepared for untreated HMC and HMC treated with 4 L/t of the additive and analyzed for nitrate-N and nitrite-N after 0, 3, and 7d of ensiling. The concentration of nitrate-N was similar between these 2 treatments and was below levels considered problematic for ruminants. Nitrite-N was greater in HMC treated with the high level of additive but was also very low for both treatments. Numbers of yeasts were similar among treatments in fresh HMC and decreased substantially after ensiling. Numbers of yeasts were similar among treatments after 21d of ensiling but after 90d they were lower in treated versus untreated HMC. Concentrations of organic acids (lactic, acetic, and propionic) and pH were not different among treatments at any time of ensiling. In contrast, treatment with the additive markedly decreased the concentration of ethanol in HMC after 21 and 90d when compared with untreated HMC. Treatment with all levels of the additive markedly improved the aerobic stability and improved the recovery of dry matter compared with untreated HMC. Overall, our findings suggest that the chemical additive used in this study has the potential to improve the fermentation and aerobic stability of HMC after a relatively short period (21d) and after a moderate length (90d) of ensiling.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36570000.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716. Electronic address: lksilage@udel.edu.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D020160:Sodium Benzoate / Q000032:analysis; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000032:analysis; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D015003:Yeasts / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D012977:Sodium Nitrite; D020160:Sodium Benzoate; D013011:Sorbic Acid
keywords: potassium sorbate; silage; sodium benzoate; yeast