title: Association of Body Mass Index With Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: ♦
  
  
  
  Although higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better outcomes in hemodialysis patients, the relationship in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is less clear. We aimed to synthesize the results from all large and high-quality studies to examine whether underweight, overweight, or obesity is associated with any significantly different risk of death in peritoneal dialysis patients. ♦
  
  
  
  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL, and screened 7,123 retrieved studies for inclusion. Two investigators independently selected the studies using predefined criteria and assessed each study's quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We meta-analyzed the results of the largest studies with no overlap in their data sources. ♦
  
  
  
  We included 9 studies (n = 156,562) in the systematic review and 4 studies in the meta-analyses. When examined without stratifying studies by follow-up duration, the results of the studies were inconsistent. Hence, we pooled the study results stratified based upon their follow-up durations, as suggested by a large study, and observed that being underweight was associated with higher 1-year mortality but had no significant association with 2- and 3- to 5-year mortalities. In contrast, being overweight or obese was associated with lower 1-year mortality but it had no significant association with 2-, and 3- to 5-year mortalities. ♦
  
  
  
  Over the short-term, being underweight was associated with higher mortality and being overweight or obese was associated with lower mortality. The associations of body mass with mortality were not significant over the long-term.
authors.affiliation: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Seyed-Foad
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA.
authors.forename: Golara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zahmatkesh
authors.affiliation: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA.
authors.forename: Elani
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Streja
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Rajnish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.affiliation: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA.
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Csaba P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kovesdy
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.affiliation: Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA kkz@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalantar-Zadeh
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality
keywords: Body mass index; meta-analysis; mortality; obesity paradox; peritoneal dialysis