title: Determination of (87)Sr/(86)Sr and δ(88/86)Sr ratios in plant materials using MC-ICP-MS.
abstract: A protocol for highly accurate and precise determination of Sr isotope ratios in plant materials, (87)Sr/(86)Sr and δ (88/86)Sr, by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is presented in this study. An Eichrom Sr resin was used for matrix separation and an improved Zr empirical external normalization coupled with standard-sample bracketing method (Zr EEN-SSB) was applied to mass bias correction during Sr isotope MC-ICP-MS measurements. Potential influences of matrix elements, and polyatomic and isobaric interferences on the Sr isotopic determination were further evaluated using NIST SRM 987 Sr isotopic standard spiked with various amount of Ca, Mg, and Rb contents. Concentrations of Ca and Mg lower than 30 ng g(-1) or Rb < 2 ng g(-1) in 150 ng g(-1) Sr analyte were estimated to have only a minor effect on Sr isotope ratios determination. On the other hand, intensity differences between sample and standards (IntSample/IntStandards) represented a large δ (88/86)Sr deviation of <0.9 or >1.3, reflecting the significance of intensity bias attributed to different mass bias behavior. An apple leaf material, NIST SRM 1515, was adopted as the plant material for overall evaluation of sample digestion, matrix separation, and potential spectral interferences on the measurements of Sr isotope ratios. Our results suggest that the partially remaining organic compounds in the incomplete digestion would have a significant bias on the extraction chromatography procedure, resulting in sizable uncertainty in δ (88/86)Sr ratios. Thus, complete digestion of the organic-enriched materials is of great importance for efficiency assurance in matrix separation. Extraction chromatography works well for the total digested samples, where Ca, Mg, and Rb were efficiently removed. The obtained average (87)Sr/(86)Sr and δ (88/86)Sr values for the NIST SRM 1515 apple leaves are 0.71398 ± 0.00004 and 0.23 ± 0.03‰ (2SD, n = 10), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan.|Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hou-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan.|Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chuan-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan. cfy20@mail.ncku.edu.tw.|Earth Dynamic System Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan. cfy20@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chen-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, ROC, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013325:Strontium Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013325:Strontium Isotopes
keywords: Mass spectrometry/ICP-MS; Microwave digestion; NIST SRM-1515; Sr isotopes