title: Comparative pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats after intragastric administration of free gastrodin, parishin and Gastrodia elata extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional Chinese herb, was widely used against convulsant, vertigo, paralysis, epilepsy, tetanus, asthma and immune dysfunctions. Gastrodin is one of the major bioactive components of G. elata and it is known for its anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLD) method was developed to determine gastrodin in rat plasma. Gastrodin and Thiamphenicol (internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat plasma by immediately protein precipitation. The pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats by following differently administered types was studies: intragastric administration of gastrodin (100mg/kg), parishin (116 mg/kg, with the same mole of gastrodin moiety) and G. elata extract (2.3g/kg, with the same mole of gastrodin moiety). Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed using the software of WinNonlin (Phoenix, version 6.3), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using unpaired Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-∞, t1/2, MRT, Vd, CL, were quite different among the three types of gastrodin administration. The administration of parishin and G. elata extract, which either could convert to gastrodin in vivo or contained free gastrodin and abundant gastrodin conjugates, gave rise to higher elimination half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) values for gastrodin compared to free gastrodin administered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparison of the pharmacokinetics of gastrodin among three different administered types of gastrodin in rats suggested that administration of parishin or G. elata extract in clinic may result in a longer duration time of action than that of the administration of free gastrodin. The results may provide some guidance for the clinical applications of parishin and G. elata.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Chunlan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Mengchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: hbxiao@dicp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D031668:Gastrodia; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027343:Rhizome
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D002951:Citrates; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C554064:parishin C; C045345:gastrodin
keywords: Comparative pharmacokinetics; Gastrodia elata extract; Gastrodin; Gastrodin (PubChem CID: 115067); Parishin (PubChem CID: 44421666); Parishin B (PubChem CID: 44715528); Parishin C (PubChem CID: 46173915); UHPLC-FLD; parishin