title: Recent advances in the pathological understanding of eosinophilic esophagitis.
abstract: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergen-mediated inflammatory disease of the esophagus. This inflammation leads to feeding difficulties, failure to thrive and vomiting in young children, and causes food impaction and esophageal stricture in adolescents and adults. In the 20 years since EoE was first described, we have gained a great deal of knowledge regarding the genetic predisposition of disease, the inflammatory milieu associated with EoE and the long-term complications of chronic inflammation. Herein, we summarize the important breakthroughs in the field including both in vitro and in vivo analysis. We discuss insights that we have gained from large-scale unbiased genetic analysis, a multitude of genetically and chemically altered mouse models of EoE and most importantly, the results of clinical trials of various pharmacologic agents. Understanding these successes and failures may be the key to developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: a 1 Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.|b 2 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianferoni
authors.affiliation: a 1 Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.|b 2 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Spergel
authors.affiliation: b 2 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.|c 3 Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000150:complications; D057765:Eosinophilic Esophagitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D005355:Fibrosis; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: C498762:CRLF2 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; C480344:EMSY protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; C000602625:CAPN14 protein, human; D002154:Calpain; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: IL-13; T cells; eosinophilic esophagitis; fibrosis; thymic stromal lymphopoietin