title: Carbohydrates, pollinators, and cycads.
abstract: Cycad biology, ecology, and horticulture decisions are not supported by adequate research, and experiments in cycad physiology in particular have been deficient. Our recent report on free sugar content in a range of cycad taxa and tissues sets the stage for developing continued carbohydrate research. Growth and development of cycad pollen, mediation of the herbivory traits of specialist pollinators, and support of expensive strobilus behavioral traits are areas of cycad pollination biology that would benefit from a greater understanding of the role of carbohydrate relations.
authors.affiliation: Western Pacific Tropical Research Center; University of Guam; UOG Station ; Mangilao, Guam USA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Marler
authors.affiliation: Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden ; Najomtien ; Sattahip, Chonburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Anders J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lindström
keywords: nonstructural carbohydrates; pollination; starch; sugars