title: An evaluation of olfactory function in adults with gastro-esophageal reflux disease.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the olfactory function of adult patients diagnosed with GERD. The results revealed that adults with GERD have diminished olfactory function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the olfactory abilities of subjects using the 'Sniffin' Sticks' olfactory test.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 men and women aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of GERD and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test results of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between the study findings and the olfactory parameters was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odor threshold (10.1; 9.5, p = 0.016), odor identification (9.6; 8.1, p < 0.001), and odor discrimination (10.7; 8.9, p < 0.001) of the GERD group were significantly lower than those of the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation was detected between the accompanying chronic pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis, and odor parameters. A significant correlation was not detected between the laryngeal findings and the olfactory parameters.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Günbey
authors.affiliation: b Department of Gastroenterology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Gören
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey.
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ünal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University , Samsun , Turkey.
authors.forename: Melikşah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; Sniffin’ Sticks; laryngopharyngeal reflux; odor parameters; olfactory function