title: Running Mechanics During the World's Most Challenging Mountain Ultramarathon.
abstract: The aim of study was to examine the effects of the world's most challenging mountain ultramarathon (Tor des Géants [TdG]) on running mechanics. Mechanical measurements were undertaken in male runners (n = 16) and a control group (n = 8) before (PRE), during (MID), and after (POST) the TdG. Contact (tc) and aerial (ta) times, step frequency (f), and running velocity (v) were sampled. Spring-mass parameters of peak vertical ground-reaction force (Fmax), vertical downward displacement of the center of mass (Δz), leg-length change (ΔL), and vertical (kvert) and leg (kleg) stiffness were computed. Significant decreases were observed in runners between PRE and MID for ta (P < .001), Fmax (P < .001), Δz (P < .05), and kleg (P < .01). In contrast, f significantly increased (P < .05) between PRE and MID-TdG. No further changes were observed at POST for any of those variables, with the exception of kleg, which went back to PRE. During the TdG, experienced runners modified their running pattern and spring-mass behavior mainly during the first half. The current results suggest that these mechanical changes aim at minimizing the pain occurring in lower limbs mainly during the eccentric phases. One cannot rule out that this switch to a "safer" technique may also aim to anticipate further damages.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Degache
authors.forename: Jean-Benoît
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oehen
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guex
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giardini
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schena
authors.forename: Guillaume Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: Grégoire P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Millet
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology