title: New Insights into Plagiogrammaceae (Bacillariophyta) Based on Multigene Phylogenies and Morphological Characteristics with the Description of a New Genus and Three New Species.
abstract: Plagiogrammaceae, a poorly described family of diatoms, are common inhabitants of the shallow marine littoral zone, occurring either in the sediments or as epiphytes. Previous molecular phylogenies of the Plagiogrammaceae were inferred but included only up to six genera: Plagiogramma, Dimeregramma, Neofragilaria, Talaroneis, Psammogramma and Psammoneis. In this paper, we describe a new plagiogrammoid genus, Orizaformis, obtained from Bohai Sea (China) and present molecular phylogenies of the family based on three and four genes (nuclear-encoded large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs and chloroplast-encoded rbcL and psbC). Also included in the new phylogenies is Glyphodesmis. The phylogenies suggest that the Plagiogrammaceae is composed of two major clades: one consisting of Talaroneis, Orizaformis and Psammoneis, and the second of Glyphodesmis, Psammogramma, Neofragilaria, Dimeregramma and Plagiogramma. In addition, we describe three new species within established genera: Psammoneis obaidii, which was collected from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia; and Neofragilaria stilus and Talaroneis biacutifrons from the Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean, and illustrate two new combination taxa: Neofragilaria anomala and Neofragilaria lineata. Our observations suggest that the biodiversity of the family is strongly needed to be researched, and the phylogenetic analyses provide a useful framework for future studies of Plagiogrammaceae.
authors.affiliation: Palaeoceanology Unit, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Chun L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matt P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ashworth
authors.affiliation: Palaeoceanology Unit, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: Palaeoceanology Unit, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70-383, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dąbek
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Citadel, Plymouth, United Kingdom PL1 2 PB.
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Medlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Wiebe H C F
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zgłobicka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kurzydłowski
authors.affiliation: Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Theriot
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jamal S M
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.affiliation: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khiyami
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed H Z
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mutwakil
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Meshaal J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Njud S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nahid H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hajarah
authors.affiliation: Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America; Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D017377:Diatoms / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D061125:Genes, Chloroplast; D019156:Indian Ocean; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D009073:Mozambique; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal