title: Clinical epidemiology of premenstrual disorder: informing optimized patient outcomes.
abstract: Premenstrual disorders encompass a spectrum that ranges from mild cyclical psychological and somatic symptoms to the rarer but much-more-severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This condition is serious and the etiology is unclear, but possible causes include genetic factors, hormonal fluctuations, and neurotransmitter dysfunctions. Differentiation from other affective disorders can be difficult but is key to providing appropriate management. This comprehensive review will discuss the most-recent classification of premenstrual disorders, etiology, diagnosis, and potential current management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Lynne Ll
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK ; Birmingham Centre for Women's and Children's Health, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Khaled Mk
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ismail
keywords: GNRH analogues; oestrogen; oophrectomy; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; progesterone