title: New and Common Haplotypes Shape Genetic Diversity in Asian Tiger Mosquito Populations from Costa Rica and Panamá.
abstract: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), is a vector of several human pathogens. Ae. albopictus is also an invasive species that, over recent years, has expanded its range out of its native Asia. Ae. albopictus was suspected to be present in Central America since the 1990s, and its presence was confirmed by most Central American nations by 2010. Recently, this species has been regularly found, yet in low numbers, in limited areas of Panamá and Costa Rica (CR). Here, we report that short sequences (∼558 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes of Ae. albopictus, had no haplotype diversity. Instead, there was a common haplotype for each gene in both CR and Panamá. In contrast, a long COI sequence (∼1,390 bp) revealed that haplotype diversity (±SD) was relatively high in CR (0.72±0.04) when compared with Panamá (0.33±0.13), below the global estimate for reported samples (0.89±0.01). The long COI sequence allowed us to identify seven (five new) haplotypes in CR and two (one new) in Panamá. A haplotype network for the long COI gene sequence showed that samples from CR and Panamá belong to a single large group. The long COI gene sequences suggest that haplotypes in Panamá and CR, although similar to each other, had a significant geographic differentiation (Kst=1.33; P<0.001). Thus, most of our results suggest a recent range expansion in CR and Panamá.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 852-8523, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Futami
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ministerio de Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.affiliation: Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 852-8523, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minakawa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marín Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 852-8523, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Japan. Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica. Corresponding author, e-mail: lchaves@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D003364:Costa Rica; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D058865:Introduced Species; D008297:Male; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D010176:Panama
chemical_list: D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Aedes albopictus; ND5; dengue vectors; invasive species; mitochodrial COI