title: Apparent mass matrix of standing subjects exposed to multi-axial whole-body vibration.
abstract: This paper describes the experimental characterisation of the apparent mass matrix of eight male subjects in standing position and the identification of nonlinearities under both mono-axial and dual-axis whole-body vibration. The nonlinear behaviour of the response was studied using the conditioned response techniques considering models of increasing complexity. Results showed that the cross-axis terms are comparable to the diagonal terms. The contribution of the nonlinear effects are minor and can be endorsed to the change of modal parameters during the tests. The nonlinearity generated by the vibration magnitude is more evident in the subject response, since magnitude-dependent effects in the population are overlaid by the scatter in the subjects' biometric data. The biodynamic response is influenced by the addition of a secondary vibration axis and, in case of dual-axis vibrations, the overall magnitude has a marginal contribution. Practitioner Summary: We have measured both the diagonal and cross-axis elements of the apparent mass matrix. The effect of nonlinearities and the simultaneous presence of vibration along two axes are smaller than the inter-subject variability.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Politecnico di Milano , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarabini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Politecnico di Milano , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solbiati
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Politecnico di Milano , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Bortolino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saggin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Politecnico di Milano , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scaccabarozzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Whole-body vibration; apparent mass; cross-axis apparent mass; nonlinearity