title: Anti-RSV prophylaxis efficacy for infants and young children with cystic fibrosis in Ireland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited evidence supporting the routine use of palivizumab in paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients to reduce respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and related hospitalisation. Despite this, anti-RSV prophylaxis is increasingly common. This is the first report from Ireland regarding palivizumab outcomes for children with CF, under 2 years old, despite the greatest prevalence of CF globally.
  
  
  METHODS
  An audit was performed at a tertiary hospital in Ireland's mid-West to document all children with CF, <24 months old, who received palivizumab over a five year period and comparision made with all eligible children for the prior five year period who had not received the product (also CF patients). Palivizumab was administered to both cohorts in their first year of life. Hospitalisation rates were compared using Fisher's exact test. Incidence of RSV and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19 patients who received palivizumab were included in the study; comparision was made with a retrospective control group of 30 patients. Prophylactic palivizumab did not prevent hospitalisation for 10/19 patients, 3 of whom were affected by RSV. This was significantly greater than in the control group, where no hospitalisations were recorded (p < 0.0001). P. aeruginosa was isolated in one case from the study cohort, while no P. aeruginosa was detected in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, the first of its kind from Ireland where CF prevalence is highest, does not provide unequivocal support for prophylactic use of palivizumab in CF patients under 2 years. Despite being derived from a small sample size, based on these data and complementary clinical observation, we have discontinued such prophylaxis. However, should reported incidence of RSV-related hospitalisation increase, there is scientific plausibility for appropriately powered, randomised, controlled trials of palivizumab.
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital, Limerick, Ireland ; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland ; Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ; Study of Host Immunity and Early Lung Disease in CF (SHIELD CF), Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linnane
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Miranda G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kiernan
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nuala H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland ; Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kearse
authors.affiliation: Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Colum P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dunne
keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Efficacy; Paediatric; Palivizumab; RSV