title: Factors Affecting the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets - a Review of In Vitro Studies.
abstract: The adhesive material used to bond orthodontic brackets to teeth should neither fail during the treatment period, resulting in treatment delays, untoward expenses or patient inconvenience nor should it damage the enamel on debonding at the end of the treatment. Although the effectiveness of a bonding system and any unfavorable effects on the enamel may be studied by conducting in-vivo studies, it is nearly impossible to independently analyze different variables that influence a specific bonding system in the oral environment. In-vitro studies, on the other hand, may utilize more standardized protocols for testing different bonding systems and materials available. Thus, the present review focused attention on in-vitro studies and made an attempt to discuss material-related, teeth-related (fluorotic vs non-fluorotic teeth) and other miscellaneous factors that influences the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Within the limitations of this review, using conventional acid-etch technique, ceramic brackets and bonding to non-fluorotic teeth was reported to have a positive influence on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, but higher shear bond strength found on using ceramic brackets can be dangerous for the enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bakhadher
authors.affiliation: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. halawanyhksu@gmail.com.|Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. halawanyhksu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Halawany
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nabeel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talic
authors.affiliation: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nimmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000592:standards*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements
keywords: Acid etching; Bond strength; Fluorosis; Orthodontic brackets