title: The impact of some wine-making practices on the quality of Vranec red wines from Macedonia produced by the newly-selected local strain "F-78".
abstract: The impact of enological practices (temperature, flipping and the inoculation amount of newly selected yeast F-78 from third-stage selection) on the level of monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds and the overall taste of fifteen red wines from Macedonian Vranec grape variety were studied. The most important factor which affects the level of monomeric anthocyanins was temperature. The inoculation amount had a positive influence on the phenolic extraction. More inoculation amount leads to faster ethanol formation and acceleration of the anthocyanins extraction. The flipping of the must during fermentation was controversial. The best wine-making procedure for production of the typical for the region high-extractive aged wines included a fermentation temperature of 20-24°C, intensive flipping (5-6 times/24h), and inoculation quantity 3-4% and a fermentation on 20°C, medium flipping (3-4 times/24h) and inoculation quantity 3-4% for production of commercial, young and easy to drink "Beaujoulais" wines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wine and Beer Technology, University of Food Technologies, Marica 26, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Faculty of Agriculture, University "Goce Delčev", Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Štip, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Fidanka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ilieva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University "Goce Delčev", Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Štip, Macedonia. Electronic address: sanja.kostadinovik@ugd.edu.mk.
authors.forename: Sanja Kostadinović
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Veličkovska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University "Goce Delčev", Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Štip, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dimovska
authors.affiliation: Department of Wine and Beer Technology, University of Food Technologies, Marica 26, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Hristo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spasov
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D018843:Republic of North Macedonia; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Monomeric anthocyanins; Total phenolic compounds; Vranec wines; Wine-making practices; Yeast strain F-78