title: White Light-Activated Antimicrobial Paint using Crystal Violet.
abstract: Crystal violet (CV) was incorporated into acrylic latex to produce white-light-activated antimicrobial paint (WLAAP). Measurement of the water contact angle of the WLAAP showed that the water contact angle increased with increasing CV concentration. In a leaching test over 120 h, the amount of CV that leached from the WLAAPs was close to the detection limit (<0.03%). The WLAAPs were used to coat samples of polyurethane, and these showed bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, which is a key causative agent of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). A reduction in the numbers of viable bacteria was observed on the painted coated polyurethane after 6 h in the dark, and the bactericidal activity increased with increasing CV concentration (P < 0.1). After 6 h of white light exposure, all of coated polyurethanes demonstrated a potent photobactericidal activity, and it was statistically confirmed that the WLAAP showed better activity in white light than in the dark (P < 0.05). At the highest CV concentration, the numbers of viable bacteria fell below the detection limit (<10(3) CFU/mL) after 6 h of white light exposure. The difference in antimicrobial activity between the materials in the light and dark was 0.48 log at CV 250 ppm, and it increased by 0.43 log at each increment of CV 250 ppm. The difference was the highest (>1.8 log) at the highest CV concentration (1000 ppm). These WLAAPs are promising candidates for use in healthcare facilities to reduce HAIs.
authors.affiliation: Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gi Byoung
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.affiliation: Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ivan P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Parkin
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001419:Bacteria; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005840:Gentian Violet; D010150:Paint
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005840:Gentian Violet
keywords: E. coli bacteria; acrylic latex; crystal violet; water contact angle; white light-activated antimicrobial paint