title: Evaluation of bacterial contamination in raw milk, ultra-high temperature milk and infant formula using single molecule, real-time sequencing technology.
abstract: The Pacific Biosciences (Menlo Park, CA) single molecule, real-time sequencing technology (SMRT) was reported to have some advantages in analyzing the bacterial profile of environmental samples. In this study, the presence of bacterial contaminants in raw milk, UHT milk, and infant formula was determined by SMRT sequencing of the full length 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial profiles obtained at different taxonomic levels revealed clear differences in bacterial community structure across the 16 analyzed dairy samples. No indicative pathogenic bacteria were found in any of these tested samples. However, some of the detected bacterial species (e.g., Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Enterococcus gallinarum) might potentially relate with product quality defects and bacterial antibiotic gene transfer. Although only a limited number of dairy samples were analyzed here, our data have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using the SMRT sequencing platform in detecting bacterial contamination. Our paper also provides interesting reference information for future development of new precautionary strategies for controlling the dairy safety in large-scale industrialized production lines.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Qiangchuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Lai-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China.
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China. Electronic address: zhangwenyizi@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000235:genetics; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000382:microbiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: bacterial contamination; dairy products; real-time sequencing technology sequencing; single molecule