title: Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Pros and Cons of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems.
abstract: From its start as a small-scale in vitro system to study fundamental translation processes, cell-free protein synthesis quickly rose to become a potent platform for the high-yield production of proteins. In contrast to classical in vivo protein expression, cell-free systems do not need time-consuming cloning steps, and the open nature provides easy manipulation of reaction conditions as well as high-throughput potential. Especially for the synthesis of difficult to express proteins, such as toxic and transmembrane proteins, cell-free systems are of enormous interest. The modification of the genetic code to incorporate non-canonical amino acids into the target protein in particular provides enormous potential in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research and is in the focus of many cell-free projects. Many sophisticated cell-free systems for manifold applications have been established. This review describes the recent advances in cell-free protein synthesis and details the expanding applications in this field.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zemella
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thoring
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. stefan.kubick@izi-bb.fraunhofer.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism; D002474:Cell-Free System; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D007313:Insecta / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: cell-free protein synthesis; eukaryotic and prokaryotic lysates; membrane proteins; post-translational modifications; vesicles