title: Deep sequencing of amplified Prasinovirus and host green algal genes from an Indian Ocean transect reveals interacting trophic dependencies and new genotypes.
abstract: High-throughput sequencing of Prasinovirus DNA polymerase and host green algal (Mamiellophyceae) ribosomal RNA genes was used to analyse the diversity and distribution of these taxa over a ∼10 000 km latitudinal section of the Indian Ocean. New viral and host groups were identified among the different trophic conditions observed, and highlighted that although unknown prasinoviruses are diverse, the cosmopolitan algal genera Bathycoccus, Micromonas and Ostreococcus represent a large proportion of the host diversity. While Prasinovirus communities were correlated to both the geography and the environment, host communities were not, perhaps because the genetic marker used lacked sufficient resolution. Nevertheless, analysis of single environmental variables showed that eutrophic conditions strongly influence the distributions of both hosts and viruses. Moreover, these communities were not correlated, in their composition or specific richness. These observations could result from antagonistic dynamics, such as that illustrated in a prey-predator model, and/or because hosts might be under a complex set of selective pressures. Both of these reasons must be considered to interpret environmental surveys of viruses and hosts, because covariation does not always imply interaction.
authors.affiliation: Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.|Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, CNRS, UMR 7232, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clerissi
authors.affiliation: Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.|Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, CNRS, UMR 7232, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Desdevises
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Equipe Evolution du Plancton et Paleo-Ocean, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romac
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Equipe Evolution du Plancton et Paleo-Ocean, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audic
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.|Equipe Evolution du Plancton et Paleo-Ocean, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France.
authors.forename: Colomban
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Vargas
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Science (ICM), CSIC, Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Acinas
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica, Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casotti
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Génomique, Génoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, BP5706, Evry, 91057, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poulain
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Génomique, Génoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, BP5706, Evry, 91057, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wincker
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Laboratoire Information Génomique et Structurale (UMR 7256), Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology (FR 3479), 13288, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hingamp
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.|Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, CNRS, UMR 7232, Avenue du Fontaulé, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grimsley
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004777:Environment; D005838:Genotype; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D019156:Indian Ocean; D017862:Phycodnaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral