title: Periprocedural Patient Care.
abstract: Periprocedural care of patients who undergo image-guided interventions is a task of monumental importance. As physicians who perform procedures, radiologists rely on their noninterpretive skills to optimize patient care. At the center of periprocedural care is proper patient identification. It is imperative to perform the indicated procedure for the correct patient. It is also of great importance to discuss with the patient the nature of the procedure. This conversation should include the indications, risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential complications of the procedure. Once the patient agrees to the procedure and grants informed consent, it is imperative to stop and confirm that the correct procedure is being performed on the correct patient. This universal time-out policy helps decrease errors and improves patient care. To optimize our interpretative and procedural skills, it may be necessary to provide the patient with sedation or anesthesia. However, it is important to understand the continuum of sedation and be able to appropriately monitor the patient and manage the sedation in these patients. To minimize the risks of infection, periprocedural care of patients relies on aseptic or, at times, sterile techniques. Before the procedure, it is important to evaluate the patient's coagulation parameters and bleeding risks and correct the coagulopathy, if needed. During the procedure, the patient's blood pressure and at times the patient's glucose levels will also require monitoring and management. After the procedure, patients must be observed in a recovery unit and deemed safe for discharge. The fundamental components of periprocedural care necessary to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and care are reviewed to familiarize the reader with the important noninterpretive skills necessary to optimize periprocedural care.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Maureen P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kohi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fidelman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Kanti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143 (M.P.K., N.F., S.B., A.G.T., K.K., M.C., S.W.); and Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif (G.H.).
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002983:Clinical Competence; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D007258:Informed Consent; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D005791:Patient Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010355:Patient Identification Systems / Q000592:standards; D061214:Patient Safety; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011871:Radiology / Q000379:methods*; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D017751:Safety Management; D000067494:Time Out, Healthcare
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose