title: Phylogeographic Structure in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inferred With mtDNA Sequencing.
abstract: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Mexican fruit fly, is a major pest of citrus and mango. It has a wide distribution in Mexico and Central America, with infestations occurring in Texas, California, and Florida with origins believed to have been centered in northeastern Mexico. This research evaluates the utility of a sequence-based approach for two mitochondrial (COI and ND6) gene regions. We use these markers to examine genetic diversity, estimate population structure, and identify diagnostic information for A. ludens populations. We analyzed 543 individuals from 67 geographic collections and found one predominant haplotype occurring in the majority of specimens. We observed 68 haplotypes in all and see differences among haplotypes belonging to northern and southern collections. Mexico haplotypes differ by few bases possibly as a result of a recent bottleneck event. In contrast to the hypothesis suggesting northeastern Mexico as the origin of this species, we see that specimens from two southern collections show high genetic variability delineating three mitochondrial groups. These data suggest that Central America is the origin for A. ludens. We show that COI and ND6 are useful for phylogeographic studies of A. ludens.
authors.affiliation: USDA APHIS Science and Technology, Mission Laboratory, Moore Air Base, 22675 N. Moorefield Rd., Edinburg, TX 78541. Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16801. Raul.A.Ruiz@aphis.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Arce
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16801. George Washington University, Computational Biology Institute, Innovation Hall, 45085 University Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147-2766.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: USDA ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Lab, Moore Air Base, 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Edinburg, TX 78541.
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: USDA APHIS Science and Technology, Mission Laboratory, Moore Air Base, 22675 N. Moorefield Rd., Edinburg, TX 78541.
authors.forename: Norman B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16801. College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, 100 Agricultural Administration Bldg., 2120 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McPheron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002489:Central America; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006239:Haplotypes; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008800:Mexico; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D019476:Insect Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Anastrepha ludens; COI; Mexican fruit fly; mitochondrial DNA; sequencing