title: Assessment of Common Anaesthetic and Clinical Indices of Multimodal Therapy of Propofol, Xylazine, and Ketamine in Total Intravenous Anaesthesia in West African Dwarf Goat.
abstract: The assessment of anaesthetic and clinical indices of multimodal therapy of propofol, xylazine, and ketamine was done in West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Sixteen healthy male WAD goats were assigned into four treatment groups, namely, control (group A) (ketamine 5 mg/kg + xylazine 0.05 mg/kg), group B (propofol 5 mg/kg + xylazine 0.05 mg/kg), group C (propofol 5 mg/kg + ketamine 5 mg/kg), and group D (propofol 2.5 mg/kg + ketamine 2.5 mg/kg + xylazine 0.05 mg/kg). All drugs were administered intravenously. The multimodal therapy decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the heart rate in groups A, B, and D. Also respiratory rate significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups A, B, and D but significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 20 min after induction in group C. However, temperature significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups A, B, and C. The induction was good and smooth in groups B and D. Surgical anaesthetic time was longer in groups B and D and shorter in group C. The quality of recovery was good in groups B and D. Side effects such as salivation and apnoea were observed in all groups. In conclusion, the multimodal therapy could be used successfully. However, group D could be the best combination considering the parameters measured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ukwueze
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Celestine Okwudili
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Eze
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chinedu Athanasius
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Udegbunam
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rita Ijeoma