title: PET-avid hepatocellular adenomas: incidental findings associated with HNF1-α mutated lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is the second most common benign liver neoplasm and occurs predominantly in women in their reproductive years. Positron-emission tomography (PET) using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is commonly used in cancer staging, surveillance and evaluation of the treatment response. PET-avid HCA is rare and can be falsely interpreted as malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of four institutions' database was performed to identify the PET-avid HCAs with clinico-pathological correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients with histological proven PET-avid HCA was identified. Eight out of nine patients were female with a median age at diagnosis of 44 years. All patients' tumours with available histological subtyping (8/8) were HNF1-α mutated and had no inflammatory changes; six out the nine lesions had prominent (>50%) steatotic changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatocellular adenomas, specifically the HNF1-α subtype, can cause false-positive PET findings when seeking to identify malignancy. Concomitantly, PET-CT may have the potential to identify the HCA histopathological variant with the lowest malignant and haemorrhagic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ser Yee
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-7408
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: T Peter
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kingham
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: LaGratta
authors.affiliation: Surgical Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jessurun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cherqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarnagin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kluger