title: Comparison of Life Tables of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions.
abstract: The ladybird Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.) is an important aphidophagous predator in Asia. In order to mass rear predators for biological control, it is valuable to identify the features of populations that are affected by variations in field conditions. Life tables can provide comprehensive descriptions of the development, survival, and fecundity of a population. However, there are few life table studies of C. sexmaculata. Studies of life history have been carried out in many arthropods using the traditional female age-specific life table, which takes only female individuals into consideration, while the variations in developmental rates amongst individuals are ignored. In this paper, we constructed life tables for C. sexmaculata fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) both at constant temperature in the laboratory and fluctuating temperature in the greenhouse, and analyzed the data using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The bootstrap technique was used to estimate the standard errors of the population parameters. The results showed that preadult C. sexmaculata developed more slowly and had lower survival and reproductive rates under greenhouse conditions, as indicated by the curves of age-stage survival rate (s(xj)), age-stage-specific fecundity (f(x j)) of the female stage, age-specific fecundity (m(x)), and age-specific maternity (l(x)m(x)). Our results also showed that the intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R(0)), and finite rate of increase (λ) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions were 0.1668 d(-1) and 0.1027 d(-1), 192.1 and 53.0, and 1.1815 d(-1) and 1.1082 d(-1), respectively. Our results revealed significantly different life table parameters for C. sexmaculata under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. This information will be useful for developing a successful mass-rearing program for C. sexmaculata for use in biological control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant & Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, 9 Shu Guang Zhong Lu, Hai Dian, Beijing, 100097, China. Department of Entomology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan MingYuan West Road, Hai Dian, Beijing, 100193, China. Institute of Plant Diseases and Pests, College of Weifang Science & Technology, 1299 Jin Guang street, Shouguang, Shandong province, 262700, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant & Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, 9 Shu Guang Zhong Lu, Hai Dian, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan MingYuan West Road, Hai Dian, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant & Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, 9 Shu Guang Zhong Lu, Hai Dian, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant & Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, 9 Shu Guang Zhong Lu, Hai Dian, Beijing, 100097, China. anthocoridae@163.com.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development
keywords: Cheilomenes sexmaculata; bootstrap technique; life table; population parameter