title: Characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in eastern China.
abstract: In order to investigate the biological characteristics of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated in eastern China, a total of 243 isolates were isolated from diseased poultry on different farms during the period from 2007 to 2014. These isolates were characterized for serogroups (polymerase chain reaction and agglutination), the presence of virulence-associated genes (fimC, iss, ompA, fyuA, stx2f, iroC, iucD, hlyE, tsh, cvaC, irp2, and papC) and class I integrons (polymerase chain reaction), drug susceptibilities (disk diffusion method) and the biofilm-forming abilities (semi-quantitative method). The results showed that the most predominant serogroups were O78 (87 isolates, 35.8%) and O2 (35 isolates, 14.4%). Gene profiling found that fimC and ompA were frequently distributed among the isolates and that 77.4% of the isolates were positive for class 1 integrons. Overall, isolates displayed resistance to tetracycline (97.5%), nalidixic acid (82.3%), ampicillin (81.1%), sulphafurazole (80.7%), streptomycin (79.0%), trimethoprim (78.2%) and cotrimoxazole (78.2%). Multiple-drug resistance was exhibited in 80.3% of the isolates, and the presence of class 1 integrons is associated with multidrug resistance. Finally, 151 isolates had the ability to form biofilms in vitro, and drug resistance seemed relative to biofilm-forming abilities.
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Xinhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Electronic address: jjsensen@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiansen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors.forename: Xiangan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Haiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.
authors.forename: Jiasheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms; D002681:China; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D032023:Integrons; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C489721:fimC protein, E coli; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; C078167:OMPA outer membrane proteins
keywords: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli; Biofilm formation; Class I integrin; Drug resistance; O-serogroup; Virulence-associated genes