title: Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high-fat diet in healthy young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine the effects of the probiotic, VSL#3, on body and fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle substrate oxidation following 4 weeks of a high-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty non-obese males (18-30 years) participated in the study. Following a 2-week eucaloric control diet, participants underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition, an intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine insulin sensitivity, and a skeletal muscle biopsy for measurement of in vitro substrate oxidation. Subsequently, participants were randomized to receive either VSL#3 or placebo daily during 4 weeks of consuming a High-fat (55% fat), hypercaloric diet (+1,000 kcal day(-1) ). Participants repeated all measurements following the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass (1.42 ± 0.42 kg vs. 2.30 ± 0.28 kg) and fat mass (0.63 ± 0.09 kg vs. 1.29 ± 0.27 kg) increased less following the High-fat diet in the VSL#3 group compared with placebo. However, there were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity or in vitro skeletal muscle pyruvate and fat oxidation with the High-fat diet or VSL#3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VSL#3 supplementation appears to have provided some protection from body mass gain and fat accumulation in healthy young men consuming a High-fat and high-energy diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Osterberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Nabil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Boutagy
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Madlyn I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Frisard
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Davy
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Davy
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.|Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hulver
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult