title: Bleeding Diathesis in Fawn Hooded Rats-Possible Implications for Invasive Procedures and Refinement Strategies.
abstract: The Fawn hooded (FH) rat is commonly used in biomedical research. It is widely acknowledged that the FH rat has a bleeding disorder; leading to abundant bleedings. Although this bleeding disorder is investigated to model the storage pool defect; its impact on commonly performed invasive laboratory procedures has not yet been described. Our research group experienced clinically significant consequences of this bleeding disorder following invasive procedures (including intraperitoneal injections and neurocranial surgery) in the Rjlbm: FH stock. The clinical consequences of the surgical and anesthetic protocols applied; are described including the subsequent procedural refinements applied to minimize the impact of this disorder. It is strongly recommended to take the bleeding diathesis into account when performing invasive procedures in FH rats and to apply the suggested refinement of procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Welfare and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. M.schaap@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Manon W H
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schaap
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Sciences, Bristol University, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK. hugo.vanoostrom@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Oostrom
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Welfare and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. S.S.Arndt@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Saskia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Welfare and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. L.J.Hellebrekers@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Ludo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hellebrekers
keywords: anesthesia; bleeding disorder; fawn hooded rat; invasive procedures; refinement; surgery