title: Analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water, plant materials and soil.
abstract: There is a need for simple, fast, efficient and sensitive methods of analysis for glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in diverse matrices such as water, plant materials and soil to facilitate environmental research needed to address the continuing concerns related to increasing glyphosate use. A variety of water-based solutions have been used to extract the chemicals from different matrices. Many methods require extensive sample preparation, including derivatization and clean-up, prior to analysis by a variety of detection techniques. This review summarizes methods used during the past 15 years for analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in water, plant materials and soil. The simplest methods use aqueous extraction of glyphosate and AMPA from plant materials and soil, no derivatization, solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns for clean-up, guard columns for separation and confirmation of the analytes by mass spectrometry and quantitation using isotope-labeled internal standards. They have levels of detection (LODs) below the regulatory limits in North America. These methods are discussed in more detail in the review.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Department of Agriculture, St Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: LeEtta J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007555:Isoxazoles; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D007555:Isoxazoles; D063065:Organophosphonates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate; C418233:2-amino-3-(3-hydrox-5(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid
keywords: AMPA; LC-MS/MS analysis; glyphosate; plant materials; soil; water