title: Marked gender differences in progression of mild cognitive impairment over 8 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined whether, among subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), women progressed at faster rates than men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examine longitudinal rates of change from baseline in 398 MCI subjects (141 Females, 257 Males) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-1 (ADNI-1), followed for up to 8 years (mean 4.1±2.5 years) using mixed effects models incorporating all follow ups (mean 8±4 visits).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women progressed at faster rates than men on ADAS-Cog (p=0.001) and CDR-SB (p=0.003). Quadratic fit for change over time was significant for both ADAS-Cog (p=0.001) and CDR-SB (p=0.004), and the additional acceleration in women was 100% for ADAS-Cog and 143% for CDR-SB. The variability of change was greater in women. The gender effect was greater in ApoE4 carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with MCI have greater longitudinal rates of cognitive and functional progression than men. Studies to confirm and uncover potential mechanisms appear to be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710 ; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Box 91003, Levine Science Research Center, Room B107, 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: Kingshuk Roy
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: Bharath G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Rathakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petrella
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710 ; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Box 91003, Levine Science Research Center, Room B107, 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708.
authors.forename: P Murali
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Doraiswamy
keywords: disease modification; gender differences; prevalence; secondary prevention