title: Obesity changes the human gut mycobiome.
abstract: The human intestine is home to a diverse range of bacterial and fungal species, forming an ecological community that contributes to normal physiology and disease susceptibility. Here, the fungal microbiota (mycobiome) in obese and non-obese subjects was characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-based sequencing. The results demonstrate that obese patients could be discriminated by their specific fungal composition, which also distinguished metabolically "healthy" from "unhealthy" obesity. Clusters according to genus abundance co-segregated with body fatness, fasting triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. A preliminary link to metabolites such as hexadecanedioic acid, caproic acid and N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid was also found. Mucor racemosus and M. fuscus were the species more represented in non-obese subjects compared to obese counterparts. Interestingly, the decreased relative abundance of the Mucor genus in obese subjects was reversible upon weight loss. Collectively, these findings suggest that manipulation of gut mycobiome communities might be a novel target in the treatment of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacio´ Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mar Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javier Chaves
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacio´ Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.affiliation: Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marin-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacio´ Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xifra
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII. IISPV. CIBERDEM. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida. Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jové
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida. Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Reinald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pamplona
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacio´ Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Wifredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLleida. Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portero-Otin
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII. IISPV. CIBERDEM. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Tarragona Spain.
authors.forename: Matilde R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacio´ Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández Real
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D002208:Caproates / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009089:Mucor / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000097:blood; D010407:Penicillium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002208:Caproates; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D005971:Glutamates; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; C037652:hexanoic acid; C012346:hexadecanedioic acid; C016195:N-acetylglutamic acid