title: The Chilean wild raspberry (Rubus geoides Sm.) increases intracellular GSH content and protects against H2O2 and methylglyoxal-induced damage in AGS cells.
abstract: The Chilean raspberry Rubus geoides Sm. (Rosaceae) is a native species occurring in the Patagonia. Five R. geoides samples were assessed for phenolic content and composition, antioxidant activity, effect on total reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and protective effect against H2O2 and methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced stress in epithelial gastric AGS cells. The HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS profiles allowed the tentative identification of 39 phenolics including flavonol glycosides and tannins. R. geoides presented higher total phenolic and flavonoid content than Rubus idaeus. Two out of the five phenolic enriched R. geoides extracts (PEEs) exhibited better antioxidant activity than R. idaeus in the DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. A significant cytoprotective activity was observed when AGS cells were pre-incubated with extracts and subsequently challenged with H2O2 or MGO. Treatment with the PEEs increased the intracellular GSH content. R. geoides fruit extracts may induce the activation of intracellular protection mechanisms against oxidative and dicarbonyl-induced stress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Aspee
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theoduloz
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
authors.forename: Samanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas-Valdés
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mardones
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Baer
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile. Electronic address: schmeda@utalca.cl.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmeda-Hirschmann
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002677:Chile; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000737:chemistry*; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C035560:glutathione receptor; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: AGS cells; Glutathione; Methylglyoxal; Oxidative stress; Rosaceae; Rubus geoides