title: Brain Metastases in Patients With Germ Cell Tumors: Prognostic Factors and Treatment Options--An Analysis From the Global Germ Cell Cancer Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes of men with brain metastases (BM) from germ cell tumors (GCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 523 men with BM from GCT were collected retrospectively from 46 centers in 13 countries by using standardized questionnaires. Clinical features were correlated with overall survival (OS) as the primary end point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BM were present at initial diagnosis in 228 men (group A) and at relapse in 295 men (group B). OS at 3 years (3-year OS) was superior in group A versus group B (48% v 27%; P < .001). Multiple BM and the presence of liver or bone metastasis were independent adverse prognostic factors in both groups; primary mediastinal nonseminoma (group A) and elevations of α-fetoprotein of 100 ng/mL or greater or of human chorionic gonadotropin of 5,000 U/L or greater (group B) were additional independent adverse prognostic factors. Depending on these factors, the 3-year OS ranged from 0% to 70% in group A and from 6% to 52% in group B. In group A, 99% of patients received chemotherapy; multimodality treatment or high-dose chemotherapy was not associated with statistically improved survival in multivariable analysis. In group B, only 54% of patients received chemotherapy; multimodality treatment was associated with improved survival compared with single-modality therapy (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.73; P < .001), as was high-dose compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.70; P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with BM from GCT have poor OS, particularly if additional risk factors are present. High-dose chemotherapy and multimodality treatment seemed to improve survival probabilities in men with BM at relapse.
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Darren R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorch
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramar
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Costantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albany
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannatempo
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Necchi
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flechon
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Huddart
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bokemeyer
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tryakin
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Teodoro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sava
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eric William
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Winquist
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cohn Cedermark
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. joerg.beyer@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Darren R. Feldman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Anja Lorch, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf; Carsten Bokemeyer, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Andrew Kramar, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille; Aude Flechon and Helen Boyle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Costantine Albany and Lawrence H. Einhorn, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Patrizia Giannatempo and Andrea Necchi, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Teodoro Sava, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona; Ugo De Giorgi, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Meldola, Italy; Peter Chung, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto; Eric William Winquist, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Robert A. Huddart, Royal Marsden Hospital; Thomas Powles, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Alexey Tryakin, Blokhin's Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Jorge Aparicio, University Hospital Le Fe, Valencia, Spain; Christopher J. Sweeney, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Gabriella Cohn Cedermark, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and Jörg Beyer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Powles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome