title: Nanomedicine applications in orthopedic medicine: state of the art.
abstract: The technological and clinical need for orthopedic replacement materials has led to significant advances in the field of nanomedicine, which embraces the breadth of nanotechnology from pharmacological agents and surface modification through to regulation and toxicology. A variety of nanostructures with unique chemical, physical, and biological properties have been engineered to improve the functionality and reliability of implantable medical devices. However, mimicking living bone tissue is still a challenge. The scope of this review is to highlight the most recent accomplishments and trends in designing nanomaterials and their applications in orthopedics with an outline on future directions and challenges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mozhdeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eslahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ordikhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamjid
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simchi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000639:trends*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009985:Orthopedics; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: implantable materials; nanomedicine; nanotoxicology; orthopedics; tissue engineering