title: Depressive symptoms, anxiety and academic motivation in youth: Do schools and families make a difference?
abstract: This longitudinal study aimed to examine the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and academic motivation by gender, and whether positive school and family factors would be associated with academic motivation, in spite of the presence of such symptoms. Study participants were predominantly economically disadvantaged youths aged 13-15 years in a Northeastern US urban public school system. The Social and Health Assessment (SAHA) served as the basis for a survey undertaken in 2003 and 2004 with information being used from students who participated at both time points (N = 643). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms were negatively associated with academic motivation, while anxiety was positively related to academic motivation in both genders. Teacher support, school attachment and parental control were positively related to academic motivation even in the presence of internalizing problems. The negative association of depressive symptoms with academic motivation may be potentially decreased by attachment to school.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmelid
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Centre for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stickley
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab-Stone
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751 85, Sweden; Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: vladislav.ruchkin@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruchkin
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009511:New England; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Academic motivation; Depression and anxiety; Protective factors