title: Microencapsulation of grape (Vitis labrusca var. Bordo) skin phenolic extract using gum Arabic, polydextrose, and partially hydrolyzed guar gum as encapsulating agents.
abstract: Bordo grape skin extract was microencapsulated by spray-drying and freeze-drying, using gum arabic (GA), partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), and polydextrose (PD) as encapsulating agents. Total phenolics and total monomeric anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, color, moisture, water activity (aw), solubility, hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature (Tg), particle size, and microstructure of the powders were evaluated. The retention of phenolics and anthocyanins ranged from 81.4% to 95.3%, and 80.8% to 99.6%, respectively, while the retention of antioxidant activity ranged from 45.4% to 83.7%. Treatments subjected to spray-drying had lower moisture, aw, and particle size, and greater solubility, while the freeze-dried samples were less hygroscopic. Tg values ranged from 10.1 to 52.2°C, and the highest values corresponded to the spray-dried microparticles. The spray-dried particles had spherical shape, while the freeze-dried powders showed irregular structures. The spray drying technique and the use of 5% PHGG and 5% PD has proven to be the best treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos em Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212 Campus do Vale, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Siede
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kuck
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos em Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212 Campus do Vale, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: czapatan@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Caciano Pelayo Zapata
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Noreña
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry*; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry*; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005685:Galactans; D005936:Glucans; D008351:Mannans; D010636:Phenols; D053149:Plant Gums; D006170:Gum Arabic; C007894:guar gum; C033375:polydextrose
keywords: Anthocyanins; Antioxidant activity; Freeze-drying; Polyphenols; Spray-drying