title: Salivary IL-1β and red complex bacteria as predictors of the inflammatory status in sub-peri-implant niches of subjects with peri-implant mucositis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salivary biomarkers may enhance diagnostic sensitivity for peri-implant disease assessment. This study aimed to investigate the association of salivary periodontopathogen count and salivary interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) level with the peri-implant crevicular fluid IL-1β response at peri-implant mucositis (PM) sites among subjects with differing periodontal disease susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven partially edentulous subjects having at least one implant with peri-implant mucositis were included: 40 with history of chronic periodontitis (P) and 47 with no history of periodontitis (NP). Salivary IL-1β, peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) IL-1β, and salivary red complex pathogen counts were recorded. Subjects were scored according to a threshold salivary pathogen level of more than 5log (10) counts and assigned a "red complex score." Quartiles of salivary and PICF IL-1β levels were also scored. Area under receiver operating curve (AUC) was computed to predict the highest PICF IL-1β score using salivary biomarker as predictors and age-adjusted logistic regression performed for the significant predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the NP group, red complex score (AUC = 0.758 P = 0.010) (odds ratio = 1.377) and salivary IL-1β (AUC = 0.708 P = 0.038) (odds ratio = 2.506) were significant predictors of highest PICF IL-1β quartile score. In the P group, no significant associations were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salivary biomarkers could distinguish the "high" pro-inflammatory responders at PM sites only in subjects without inherent periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal susceptibility may impact the immuno-inflammatory response in sub-peri-implant niches of those with peri-implant mucositis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.|Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Aneesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
authors.forename: Mei Leng
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kheur
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
authors.forename: Rory M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-7496
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mattheos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018441:Biofilms; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; D008297:Male; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014208:Treponema / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: peri-implant mucositis; periodontitis; risk indicator; salivary biomarkers