title: Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Enriched 3D Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors of High Volumetric Capacity.
abstract: Efficient utilization and broader commercialization of alternative energies (e.g., solar, wind, and geothermal) hinges on the performance and cost of energy storage and conversion systems. For now and in the foreseeable future, the combination of rechargeable batteries and electrochemical capacitors remains the most promising option for many energy storage applications. Porous carbonaceous materials have been widely used as an electrode for batteries and supercapacitors. To date, however, the highest specific capacitance of an electrochemical double layer capacitor is only ∼200 F/g, although a wide variety of synthetic approaches have been explored in creating optimized porous structures. Here, we report our findings in the synthesis of porous carbon through a simple, one-step process: direct carbonization of kelp in an NH3 atmosphere at 700 °C. The resulting oxygen- and nitrogen-enriched carbon has a three-dimensional structure with specific surface area greater than 1000 m(2)/g. When evaluated as an electrode for electrochemical double layer capacitors, the porous carbon structure demonstrated excellent volumetric capacitance (>360 F/cm(3)) with excellent cycling stability. This simple approach to low-cost carbonaceous materials with unique architecture and functionality could be a promising alternative to fabrication of porous carbon structures for many practical applications, including batteries and fuel cells.
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kaifu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Dongchang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wanmei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Meilin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: 3D porous carbon; energy storage; kelp; long cycling stability; volumetric capacitance