title: Serum trace element differences between Schizophrenia patients and controls in the Han Chinese population.
abstract: Little is known about the trace element profile differences between Schizophrenia patients and healthy controls; previous studies about the association of certain elements with Schizophrenia have obtained conflicting results. To identify these differences in the Han Chinese population, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to quantify the levels of 35 elements in the sera of 111 Schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy participants, which consisted of a training (61/61 for cases/controls included) and a test group including remaining participants. An orthogonal projection to latent structures model was constructed from the training group (R(2)Y = 0.465, Q(2)cum = 0.343) had a sensitivity of 76.0% and a specificity of 71.4% in the test group. Single element analysis indicated that the concentrations of cesium, zinc, and selenium were significantly reduced in patients with Schizophrenia in both the training and test groups. The meta-analysis including 522 cases and 360 controls supported that Zinc was significantly associated with Schizophrenia (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.81; 95% confidence intervals [CI], -1.46 to -0.16, P = 0.01) in the random-effect model. Information theory analysis indicated that Zinc could play roles independently in Schizophrenia. These results suggest clear element profile differences between patients with Schizophrenia and healthy controls, and reduced Zn level is confirmed in the Schizophrenia patients.
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Tianlu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.|Key Laboratory for Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory for Vision Science (Ministry of Health), School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Jinglei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Kejun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious diseases, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 Wanpingnan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Shengying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Wuhu No. 4 People's Hospital, 1 Wuxiashan Road, Wuhu 241000, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wuhu No. 4 People's Hospital, 1 Wuxiashan Road, Wuhu 241000, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.|Shanghai Institute of Mental Health, 600 Wanpingnan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Donghong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.|Molecular &Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Computational Medicine &Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical Center, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.|University of Hawaii Cancer Center,701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002586:Cesium / Q000097:blood*; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007257:Information Theory; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D002586:Cesium; D003300:Copper; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc