title: The urgency-gating model can explain the effects of early evidence.
abstract: In a recent report, Winkel, Keuken, van Maanen, Wagenmakers & Forstmann (Psychonomics Bulletin and Review 21(3): 777-784, 2014) show that during a random-dot motion discrimination task, early differences in motion evidence can influence reaction times (RTs) and error rates in human subjects. They use this as an argument in favor of the drift-diffusion model and against the urgency-gating model. However, their implementation of the urgency-gating model is incomplete, as it lacks the low-pass filter that is necessary to deal with noisy input such as the motion signal used in their experimental task. Furthermore, by focusing analyses solely on comparison of mean RTs they overestimate how long early information influences individual trials. Here, we show that if the urgency-gating model is correctly implemented, including a low-pass filter with a 250 ms time constant, it can successfully reproduce the results of the Winkel et al. experiment.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carland
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thura
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada. paul.cisek@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cisek
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Computational modeling; Decision making; Drift-diffusion model; Perceptual discrimination; Response time models