title: The Effect of Different Types of Musculoskeletal Injuries on Blood Concentration of Serum Amyloid A in Thoroughbred Racehorses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Training-induced muscle, skeletal and joint trauma may result in acute phase response reflected by the changes in the blood concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) in racehorses. It remains yet unclear if such systemic reaction could be triggered by sport injuries and what is the impact of different types of musculoskeletal trauma on SAA concentrations in racehorses. This study aimed to determine changes in the SAA blood concentration in racehorses with different types of injuries of musculoskeletal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 28 racehorses diagnosed after the race with bone fractures (n = 7), dorsal metacarpal disease (n = 11), joint trauma (n = 4) or tendon and muscle trauma (n = 6) and 28 healthy control racehorses. Serum samples were collected twice, between 1 and 4 days of the injury or succesful completion of the race. SAA concentration was measured using the commercial ELISA kit. Differences between mean SAA concentration in respective groups were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean SAA concentration within the first 4 days of the injury of muscle and tendon was significantly higher than in bone fractures, dorsal metacarpal disease, joint trauma or in the healthy horses (p<0,001). There were no significant differences between the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strain injuries of muscle and tendons can cause a moderate increase in SAA blood concentration in racehorses, reflecting the occurrence of the acute phase response. Similar reaction is not observed in the stress-related bone injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turło
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cywińska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czopowicz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Lucjan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niedźwiedź
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Malwina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Słowikowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Hieronim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaśkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winnicka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000662:veterinary*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein