title: Effects of acute plasma volume expansion on renal perfusion, filtration, and oxygenation after cardiac surgery: a randomized study on crystalloid vs colloid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present randomized study, we evaluated the differential effects of a colloid and a crystalloid fluid on renal oxygen delivery (RD(O2)), glomerular filtration (GFR), renal oxygen consumption ((RV(O2))), and the renal oxygen supply-demand relationship (i.e., renal oxygenation) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with normal preoperative renal function, undergoing uncomplicated cardiac surgery, were studied in the intensive care unit in the early postoperative period. Patients were randomized to receive a bolus dose of either a crystalloid (Ringers-acetate 20 ml kg(-1), n=15) or a colloid solution (Venofundin) 10 ml kg(-1), n=15). Systemic haemodynamics were measured via a pulmonary artery catheter. Renal blood flow and GFR were measured by the renal vein retrograde thermodilution technique and by renal extraction of 51Cr-EDTA (=filtration fraction). Arterial and renal vein blood samples were obtained for measurements of renal oxygen delivery (RD(O2)) and RV(O2). Renal oxygenation was estimated from the renal oxygen extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite an increase in cardiac index and renal blood flow with both fluids, neither of the fluids improved RD(O2), because they both induced haemodilution. The GFR increased in the crystalloid (28%) but not in the colloid group. The crystalloid increased the filtration fraction (24%) and renal oxygen extraction (23%), indicating that the increase in GFR, the major determinant of RV(O2), was not matched by a proportional increase in RD(O2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the colloid nor the crystalloid improved RD(O2) when used for postoperative plasma volume expansion. The crystalloid-induced increase in GFR was associated with impaired renal oxygenation, which was not seen with the colloid.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01729364.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skytte Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bragadottir
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krumbholz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redfors
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sellgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden sven-erik.ricksten@aniv.gu.se.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ricksten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003102:Colloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: colloids; crystalloids; glomerular filtration rate; plasma volume expansion; postoperative treatment; renal blood flow; renal oxygen consumption and oxygenation