title: Ho:YAG Laser Endopyelotomy is effective for primary and secondary UPJOs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess efficacy of laser endopyelotomy in both primary and secondary ureteropelvic junction obstructions (UPJOs) PATIENTS AND METHODS: Primary category consisted of 10 patients of congenital UPJOs. Secondary category was comprised of UPJOs in 12 status post pyeloplasty, 10 status post lithotomy, 5 status post shock wave lithotripsy, and 10 status post ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Ho:YAG laser endopyelotomy was performed in all subjects. Exclusion criteria included obstructions longer than 2 cm, ipsilateral upper urinary calculi and crossing vasculature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operation time was 44 min. Average inpatient duration was 1.87 days. No major complication occurred. Follow-ups were at least 12 months. Success rate for single endopyelotomy was 82.5%, leaving 7 patients for a secondary endopyelotomy. Secondary UPJO due to failed pyeloplasty had a predilection of restenosis after endopyelotomy (P = 0.0005) compared to other aetiologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ho:YAG laser endopyelotomy is a safe and effective approach effective in both primary and secondary UPJO treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Rd, Shanghai, PR China - drwuzhong@163.com;
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu