title: Acute effects of simultaneous electromyostimulation and vibration on leg blood flow in spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Randomized crossover.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the acute effects of isolated and simultaneous application of whole-body vibration (WBV) and electromyostimulation (ES) on popliteal artery blood velocity (BV) and skin temperature (ST) of the calf in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Valladolid, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects with SCI were assessed in five different sessions. After a familiarization session, four interventions were applied in random order; WBV, ES, simultaneous WBV and ES (WBV+ES), and 30 s of WBV followed by 30 s of ES (WBV30/ES30). Each intervention consisted of 10 sets × 1 min ON+1 min OFF. Subjects were seated on their own wheelchairs with their feet on the vibration platform (10 Hz, 5 mm peak-to-peak), and ES was applied on the gastrocnemius muscle of both legs (8 Hz, 400 μs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simultaneous application (WBV+ES) produced the greatest increase in mean BV (MBV; 36% and 42%, respectively) and peak BV (PBV; 30% and 36%, respectively) during the intervention. This intervention produced the greatest mean increases in MBV (21%) and PBV (19%) during the recovery period. Last, this intervention produced the highest increase in ST during the intervention (2.1 °C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous application of WBV+ES seems to produce a greater increase in MBV and PBV of the popliteal artery and ST of the calf than the isolated (WBV or ES) or consecutive application of both stimuli (WBV30/ES30). This study provides an efficient therapeutic methodology to improve peripheral arterial properties, which is pivotal in SCI patient's rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre on Physical Disability, ASPAYM Castilla y León Foundation, Valladolid, Spain.|Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Menéndez
authors.affiliation: Research Centre on Physical Disability, ASPAYM Castilla y León Foundation, Valladolid, Spain.|Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.affiliation: CyMO Research Institute, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.affiliation: Research Centre on Physical Disability, ASPAYM Castilla y León Foundation, Valladolid, Spain.|Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Herrero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration