title: Insight into the composition and evolution of compost-derived dissolved organic matter using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
abstract: Size exclusion chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were combined with Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based on two dimensional (2D) hetero-spectral correlation spectra techniques to fractionate compost-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) and determine how size- and hydrophobicity-distinguished fractions differ in the composition and evolution. The results showed that the compost-derived DOM was comprised of protein- and humic-like species. The low apparent molecule weight (AMW) protein-like components were enriched in C-C=H3 and N-C=O, and showed more bioreactivity compared with the high AMW counterpart. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic protein-like components both consisted of CCH3 and N-C=O. However, the relatively hydrophilic protein-like components were more easily consumed. As to the humic-like species, the relatively hydrophilic components were slightly larger than the relatively hydrophobic ones. The high AMW and relatively hydrophilic humic-like components were high in C-H, OCH3, N-C=O, N-H, COO, O-H and aromatic C. The low AMW and relatively hydrophobic humic-like components were enriched in CCH3 and N-C=O, and were easily biodegraded during composting. 2D hetero-spectral correlation spectra techniques enhance the characterization of DOM and provide a promising way to elucidate the environmental behaviors of DOM.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: xibeidou@126.com.
authors.forename: Bei-Dou
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Tai
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bing
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000379:methods; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil
keywords: Composting; Dissolved organic matter; High-performance liquid chromatography; Size exclusion chromatography; Two dimensional hetero-spectral correlation spectra