title: Pig-2-Bac as a biomarker of occupational exposure to pigs and livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus among industrial hog operation workers.
abstract: Over 50 million hogs are raised annually in the United States for consumption, mostly on industrial hog operations (IHOs). Workers at IHOs are exposed to airborne particulates, zoonotic pathogens, and other workplace hazards, but lack of access to IHOs can hinder exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies. Here, we demonstrate the utility of pig-specific Bacteroidales (Pig-2-Bac) as a biomarker of exposure to pigs and pig waste and to help identify sources of Staphylococcus aureus carriage among IHO workers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pisanic
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadimpalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rinsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Love
authors.affiliation: Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH), Warsaw, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Devon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: cheaney1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Heaney
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock / Q000382:microbiology*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009657:North Carolina; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Industrial hog operation; Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus; Occupational exposure; Pig-specific fecal Bacteroidales; Quantitative polymerase chain reaction