title: High protective efficacy of rice bran against human rotavirus diarrhea via enhancing probiotic growth, gut barrier function, and innate immunity.
abstract: Previously, we showed that rice bran (RB) was able to reduce human rotavirus (HRV) diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs. Here, we investigated its effect on the growth of diarrhea-reducing probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN), and the resulting effects on HRV diarrhea, gut epithelial health, permeability and innate immune responses during virulent HRV challenge. On 3, 5, and 7 days of age pigs were inoculated with 2 × 10(4) colony-forming-units LGG+EcN to initiate colonization. Daily RB supplementation (replacing 10% calorie intake) was started at 5 days of age and continued until euthanasia. A subset of pigs in each group was challenged orally with 10(5) focus-forming-units of virulent HRV at 33 days of age. RB completely prevented HRV diarrhea in LGG+EcN colonized pigs. RB significantly promoted the growth of both probiotic strains in the gut (~5 logs) and increased the body-weight-gain at 4-5 weeks of age compared to non-RB group. After HRV challenge, RB-fed pigs had significantly lower ileal mitotic index and villus width, and significantly increased intestinal IFN-γ and total IgA levels compared to non-RB group. Therefore, RB plus LGG+EcN colonization may represent a highly effective therapeutic approach against HRV and potentially a variety of other diarrhea-inducing enteric pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Xingdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Twitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Mariah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D019936:Probiotics; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007371:Interferon-gamma