title: "Who is talking to me?" - Self-other attribution of auditory hallucinations and sulcation of the right temporoparietal junction.
abstract: Brain imaging research in schizophrenia has provided a better understanding of the neural basis of auditory hallucinations (AH). Recently, renewed interest in the phenomenology of AH raised questions related to their neural substrates. Hence, the neural basis of AH self/other attribution have yet to be investigated as beliefs regarding the origin of the voices is a cardinal feature of AH phenomenology. As the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) play a key role in disentangling the origin of sensory events and in self/other distinction, we tested the hypothesis that the morphology of the IPL/TPJ area may be involved in AH self/other attribution. Magnetic resonance images of 39 right-handed patients with persistent auditory hallucinations and 19 healthy subjects were analyzed with sulcus-based morphometry. AH self-other attribution were found to be associated with the sulcal pattern of the posterior part of the Sylvian fissure, encompassing the IPL/TPJ area. The preference for the attribution of AH to self or to others could be associated with early neurodevelopmental events as the sulcal pattern is determined during fetal life and is stable after birth. Our study also raises basic cognitive questions regarding self-consciousness and suggest that impairments at a pre-reflexive level, leading to hearing his/her thoughts as voices ('I' level or feeling of agency), and a reflexive level leading to attribution belief ('Me' level or judgment of agency) are likely involved in AH.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plaze
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, I2BM, CEA, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.affiliation: INSERM - CEA UMR 1000, NeuroImaging & Psychiatry Unit, Orsay, France; AP-HP, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Paris, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paillère-Martinot
authors.affiliation: INSERM - CEA UMR 1000, NeuroImaging & Psychiatry Unit, Orsay, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France; Orsay Hospital, Psychiatry Department (Area 91G16), Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Artiges
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Olié
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.affiliation: INSERM - CEA UMR 1000, NeuroImaging & Psychiatry Unit, Orsay, France; AP-HP, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Paris, France; University Paris Sud, Orsay, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinot
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France; Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, CNRS, UMR 8240, Sorbonne, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. Electronic address: arnaud.cachia@parisdescartes.fr.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cachia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D013067:Speech Perception; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hallucinations; Neurodevelopment; Schizophrenia; Self–other attribution; Sulcation