title: Herpes viruses and human papilloma virus in nasal polyposis and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease entity with an unclear pathogenesis. Contradictory data exist in the literature on the potential implication of viral elements in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of human herpes viruses (1-6) and Human Papilloma Virus in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viral DNA presence was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction application to nasal polyps specimens from 91 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and nasal turbinate mucosa from 38 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epstein-Barr virus positivity was higher in nasal polyps (24/91; 26.4%) versus controls (4/38; 10.5%), but the difference did not reach significance (p=0.06). Human herpes virus-6 positivity was lower in nasal polyps (13/91; 14.29%) versus controls (10/38; 26.32%, p=0.13). In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, 1 sample was herpes simplex virus-1-positive (1/91; 1.1%), and another was cytomegalovirus-positive (1/91; 1.1%), versus none in controls. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus-2, varicella-zoster virus, high-risk-human papilloma viruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) and low-risk-human papilloma viruses (6, 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus-6 positivity among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls are not statistically significant, weakening the likelihood of their implication in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece. Electronic address: vlachanas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vasileios A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Lachanas
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Florou
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bizakis
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Efthymia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petinaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Charalampos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Skoulakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000821:virology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Herpesviridae; Nasal polyps; Papilomavírus humano; Pólipos nasais; Sinusite; Sinusitis; Viruses