title: Effects of Nephrolithiasis on Serum DNase (Deoxyribonuclease I and II) Activity and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) in Malaysian Individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to examine a possible relationship between DNase I/II activity and E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 in the sera of nephrolithiasis patients to evaluate the possibility of a new biomarker for evaluating kidney damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty nephrolithiasis patients and 50 control patients were enrolled in a case-control study. Their blood urea, creatinine, protein levels and DNase I/II activity levels were measured by spectrometry. Serum NSMCE2 levels were measured by ELISA. Blood was collected from patients of the government health clinics in Kuantan-Pahang and fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result indicated that mean levels of sera NSMCE2 have a significantly increase (P<0.01) in patients compared to control group. Compared with control subjects, activities and specific activities of serum DNase I and II were significantly elevated in nephrolithiasis patients (P$lt;0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that an increase in serum concentrations of DNase I/II and E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 level can be used as indicators for the diagnosis of kidney injury in patients with nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, College of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faridah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, College of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; Department of Medical Analysis, Health and Medical Technical College, Baghdad 10047, Iraq.
authors.forename: Atheer Awad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mehde
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad 10071, Iraq.
authors.forename: Wesen Adel
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, College of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Raha Ahmed
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Raus
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azlina Abd
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000097:blood*; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000097:blood*; D008296:Malaysia; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; C019329:deoxyribonuclease II; D008025:Ligases; C503501:NSMCE2 protein, human
keywords: DNase I; DNase II; E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2; NSMCE2; Nephrolithiasis