title: Immune profiling in human breast cancer using high-sensitivity detection and analysis techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of immune profiles in human breast cancer using high-sensitivity detection and analysis methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort comparative analysis studies of breast tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human hospital and laboratory healthcare facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women over 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of the comparative immunophenotype of human breast carcinoma and normal breast tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leukocyte density and specific subgroups of lymphocytes and macrophages were generally higher in breast cancers compared to normal breast tissues. CD3, CD4, CD45RO, CD45RA(2H4), CD45 and HLA Class II (on TIL) were significantly expressed on breast tumour tissues compared with normal tissues (p < .01). Some 30% of T-cells were γδ-TCR positive, but the majority were αβ-TCR in type. CD19 (B-cell), CD14 (FMC32 and 33) and HLA Class I levels (epithelial and TIL) showed no significant differences. IL-2α receptor expression was low or absent on most TIL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-sensitivity and image analysis techniques permitted accurate characterisation of the TIL infiltrate for immune profiling. Breast carcinoma showed predominance of CD4 T-cells of mainly memory phenotype. Normal breast tissues showed low leukocyte infiltration. Further correlation of these findings with clinical outcome, including survival, is proceeding with encouraging results.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Brendon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Coventry
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weightman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Skinner
keywords: CD16; CD25; CD3; CD4; CD45; CD56; CD8; HLA; TIL; VIA; breast cancer; cellular quantitation; high sensitivity immunostaining; tumour-infiltrating leukocytes/lymphocytes; video image analysis