title: Prevalence and Functional Consequences of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Young Male Ice Hockey Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which is highly prevalent in adult ice hockey players, is often associated with negative clinical and functional outcomes. It is unclear, however, whether FAI-related bony deformities and symptoms may lead to functional alterations as reflected in hip muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and on-ice physical performance in youth ice hockey players.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compared with players with neither structural signs nor symptoms related to FAI, players with symptomatic FAI would show hip muscle weakness and reduced hip ROM, which would in turn affect ice hockey physical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 74 young male ice hockey players were evaluated bilaterally for passive hip internal rotation ROM by use of a hip examination chair. Only the side with less internal rotation ROM was further investigated. FAI-related bony deformities were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The involved hip was classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic based on the presence of hip pain during exercise and results from the flexion/adduction/internal rotation (FADIR) provocation test. Hip muscle strength, passive hip ROM, and on-ice physical performance were compared between players with no FAI, players with asymptomatic MRI-positive FAI, and players with symptomatic FAI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty of 74 players (68%) had FAI-related bony deformities, of whom 16 (22%) were symptomatic. Hip muscle strength, hip ROM, and on-ice physical performance did not differ significantly between players with no FAI and those with asymptomatic or symptomatic FAI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a high prevalence of FAI-related bony deformities, youth ice hockey players with asymptomatic or symptomatic FAI did not show functional impairments in terms of hip muscle strength, hip ROM, or on-ice physical performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hip muscle strength, passive hip ROM, and on-ice physical performance do not seem to discriminate for FAI-related signs and symptoms in young male ice hockey players.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland nicola.maffiuletti@kws.ch.
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Maffiuletti
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicola C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Casartelli
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Orthopedic University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pfirrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leunig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006688:Hockey / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D055815:Young Adult; D000067009:Youth Sports / Q000502:physiology
keywords: femoroacetabular impingement; ice hockey; muscle strength; physical performance; range of motion