title: Propofol Pretreatment Fails to Provide Neuroprotection Following a Surgically Induced Brain Injury Rat Model.
abstract: Neurosurgical procedures are associated with unintentional damage to the brain during surgery, known as surgically induced brain injuries (SBI), which have been implicated in orchestrating structural and neurobehavioral deterioration. Propofol, an established hypnotic anesthetic agent, has been shown to ameliorate neuronal injury when given after injury in a number of experimental brain studies. We tested the hypothesis that propofol pretreatment confers neuroprotection against SBI and will reduce cerebral edema formation and neurobehavioral deficits in our rat population. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with low- and high-dose propofol 30 min before SBI. At 24 h post injury, brain water content and neurobehavioral assessment was conducted based on previously established models. In vehicle-treated rats, SBI resulted in significant cerebral edema and higher neurological deficit scores compared with sham-operated rats. Low- or high-dose propofol therapy neither reduced cerebral edema nor improved neurologic function. The results suggest that propofol pretreatment fails to provide neuroprotection in SBI rats. However, it is possible that a SBI model with less magnitude of injury or that propofol re-dosing, given the short-acting pharmacokinetic property of propofol, may be needed to provide definitive conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Room 2532 LLUMC, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pakkianathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Room 2532 LLUMC, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benggon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Room 2532 LLUMC, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Nikan H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Khatibi
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hank
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Room 2532 LLUMC, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.|Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Suzzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Room 2532 LLUMC, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. rapplegate@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Room 2532 LLUMC, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.|Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D009929:Organ Size; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Intravenous anesthetics; Neurobehavior; Neurosurgery; Propofol; Surgically induced brain injury; Water content