title: Paper-Based Analytical Devices Relying on Visible-Light-Enhanced Glucose/Air Biofuel Cells.
abstract: A strategy that combines visible-light-enhanced biofuel cells (BFCs) and electrochemical immunosensor into paper-based analytical devices was proposed for sensitive detection of the carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3). The gold nanoparticle modified paper electrode with large surface area and good conductibility was applied as an effective matrix for primary antibodies. The glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) modified gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles were used as bioanodic biocatalyst and signal magnification label. Poly(terthiophene) (pTTh), a photoresponsive conducting polymer, served as catalyst in cathode for the reduction of oxygen upon illumination by visible light. In the bioanode, electrons were generated through the oxidation of glucose catalyzed by GDH. The amount of electrons is determined by the amount of GDH, which finally depended on the amount of CA15-3. In the cathode, electrons from the bioanode could combine with the generated holes in the HOMO energy level of cathode catalysts pTTh. Meanwhile, the high energy level photoexcited electrons were generated in the LUMO energy level and involved in the oxygen reduction reaction, finally resulting in an increasing current and a decreasing overpotential. According to the current signal, simple and efficient detection of CA15-3 was achieved.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kaiqing
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yanhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shenguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute , Jinan 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xianrang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D056804:Biofuels; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002384:Catalysis; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold; D007118:Immunoassay; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000737:chemistry; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010209:Paper; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013822:Thermoplasma / Q000201:enzymology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D056804:Biofuels; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005942:Gluconates; D007783:Lactones; D018396:Mucin-1; D011108:Polymers; D013876:Thiophenes; C019101:alpha-terthienyl; D009243:NAD; D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; C010730:beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
keywords: biofuel cells; conducting polymer; paper; signal magnification; visible light