title: Definition, Classification, and Pathophysiology of Canine Glaucoma.
abstract: Glaucoma is a common ocular condition in humans and dogs leading to optic nerve degeneration and irreversible blindness. Primary glaucoma is a group of spontaneous heterogeneous diseases. Multiple factors are involved in its pathogenesis and these factors vary across human ethnic groups and canine breeds, so the clinical phenotypes are numerous and their classification can be challenging and remain superficial. Aging and oxidative stress are major triggers for the manifestation of disease. Multiple, intertwined inflammatory and biochemical cascades eventually alter cellular and extracellular physiology in the optic nerve and trabecular meshwork and lead to vision loss.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Science, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA. Electronic address: stefano.pizzirani@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pizzirani
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Canine; Closed angle; Glaucoma; Goniodysgenesis; Open angle; Primary glaucoma; Secondary glaucoma