title: Effect of raw soya bean particle size on productive performance and digestion of dairy cows.
abstract: Differing soya bean particle sizes may affect productive performance and ruminal fermentation due to the level of fatty acid (FA) exposure of the cotyledon in soya bean grain and because the protein in small particles is more rapidly degraded than the protein in large particles, which influence ruminal fibre digestion and the amounts of ruminally undegradable nutrients. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of raw soya bean particle size on productive performance, digestion and milk FA profile of dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows were assigned to three 4 × 4 Latin squares with 21-day periods. At the start of the experiment, cows were 121 days in milk (DIM) and yielded 30.2 kg/day of milk. Cows were fed 4 diets: (i) control diet (CO), without raw soya bean; (ii) whole raw soya bean (WRS); (iii) cracked raw soya bean in Wiley mill 4-mm screen (CS4); and (iv) cracked raw soya bean in Wiley mill 2-mm screen (CS2). The inclusion of soya beans (whole or cracked) was 200 g/kg on dry matter (DM) basis and partially replaced ground corn and soya bean meal. Uncorrected milk yield and composition were not influenced by experimental diets; however, fat-corrected milk (FCM) decreased when cows were fed soya bean treatments. Soya bean diets increased the intake of ether extract (EE) and net energy of lactation (NEL ), and decreased the intake of DM and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC). Ruminal propionate concentration was lower in cows fed WRS than cows fed CS2 or CS4. Cows fed cracked raw soya bean presented lower nitrogen in faeces than cows fed WRS. The milk of cows fed WRS, CS2 and CS4 presented higher unsaturated FA than cows fed CO. The addition of raw soya bean in cow diets, regardless of the particle size, did not impair uncorrected milk yield and nutrient digestion, and increased the concentration of unsaturated FA in milk. Cows fed cracked raw soya bean presented similar productive performance to cows fed whole raw soya bean.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Naves
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Freitas Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Barletta
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Calomeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gardinal
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Takiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: T H A
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Vendramini
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mingoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rennó
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D007774:Lactation; D010316:Particle Size; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: fatty acid; microbial protein; milk fatty acid profile; ruminal fermentation