title: Molecular Genetic Characterization of Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis in a French Bulldog.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A case of congenital hypothyroidism with goiter (CHG) in a juvenile French bulldog was identified and hypothesized to be caused by dyshormonogenesis of genetic etiology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe case management, unusual phenotypic aspects, and a CHG-causing mutation in a French bulldog.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyroid tissue and blood from a CHG-affected French bulldog and 4 normal control dogs and buccal brush samples of 125 French bulldogs were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard clinical assessment and laboratory tests were applied. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) iodide oxidation activity was measured in vitro, and TPO protein was assessed on Western blots. Thyroid peroxidase exons and flanking splice sites were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced. Thyroid peroxidase cDNA was amplified from thyroid RNA and sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 9 months of age, the affected dog had signs of cretinism, but near-normal skeletal maturation. The enlarged thyroid glands exhibited noninflammatory fibrosis and aberrant follicular organization. Thyroid peroxidase activity and immunocrossreactive protein were undetectable. There was a T>C mutation of the intron 12 splice donor consensus that caused abnormally spliced mRNA, consistent with absent TPO function. The mutant allele was not observed in 125 clinically normal French bulldogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presumptive CHG in a French bulldog with unusual clinical presentation is described. Genetic etiology was confirmed by identifying the underlying TPO mutation.
authors.affiliation: Rancho Regional Veterinary Hospital, Rancho Cucamonga, CA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Major
authors.affiliation: Southern California Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pettigrew
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Medical Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.|Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fyfe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Goiter; Inborn error; Mutation; RNA splicing; Thyroid peroxidase