title: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping and Distribution of Coxiella burnetii Strains from Field Samples in Belgium.
abstract: The genotypic characterization of Coxiella burnetii provides useful information about the strains circulating at the farm, region, or country level and may be used to identify the source of infection for animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the strains of C. burnetii circulating in caprine and bovine Belgian farms using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technique. Direct genotyping was applied to different samples (bulk tank milk, individual milk, vaginal swab, fetal product, and air sample). Besides the well-known SNP genotypes, unreported ones were found in bovine and caprine samples, increasing the variability of the strains found in the two species in Belgium. Moreover, multiple genotypes were detected contemporarily in caprine farms at different years of sampling and by using different samples. Interestingly, certain SNP genotypes were detected in both bovine and caprine samples, raising the question of interspecies transmission of the pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Pozzo
authors.affiliation: Progenus s.a., Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Renaville
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinelle
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renaville
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thys
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.affiliation: Unit of Integrated Veterinary Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kirschvink
authors.affiliation: ARSIA, Animal Health Department, Ciney, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grégoire
authors.affiliation: ARSIA, Animal Health Department, Ciney, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delooz
authors.affiliation: ARSIA, Animal Health Department, Ciney, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Czaplicki
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium claude.saegerman@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saegerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016997:Coxiella burnetii / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005838:Genotype; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011778:Q Fever / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*