title: Efficacy Evaluation of an Inactivated Duck Tembusu Virus Vaccine.
abstract: To evaluate the potential use of an inactivated virus-based vaccine for the control and prevention of the newly emerged duck Tembusu virus infection in China, a duck Tembusu virus isolate, Tembusu-HB, was propagated in 12-day-old duck embryos and inactivated by treatment with formaldehyde. The inactivated viral antigen was emulsified with mineral oil, and five batches of the vaccine were manufactured. The immunogenicity and protection efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated in Beijing ducks and Beijing white geese. Results showed that more than 80% of immunized ducks were protected against virulent virus challenge after two intramuscular or subcutaneous injections of the inactivated vaccine, as evidenced by the negative virus isolation results. The protection is also correlated with a positive virus-specific antibody response as detected by ELISA. In contrast, none of the control ducks and geese had any detectable antibody response. Virus was isolated from all control ducks and geese after virulent virus challenge. Interestingly, a variable level of protection (20%-80%) was observed in Beijing white geese immunized twice with the same batches of vaccine, suggesting a species-specific effect of the vaccine. Overall, the results clearly suggest that the inactivated duck Tembusu virus vaccine is immunogenic and provides protection against virulent virus challenge.
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Yuehuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: B Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.
authors.forename: Xiuqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: C Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding, 071000, China.
authors.forename: Baoshou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: C Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding, 071000, China.
authors.forename: Pingyou
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: C Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding, 071000, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Jicheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: A Institute of Animal and Husbandry Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046090:Anseriformes; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000145:classification*; D018178:Flaviviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: duck Tembusu virus; efficacy evaluation; immunogenicity; inactivated virus vaccine