title: Shear-mediated crystallization from amorphous calcium phosphate to bone apatite.
abstract: The contribution of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the conversion of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to bone apatite is investigated. The ACP precursors are prepared by using a wet-chemistry method and further exposed to the constant FSS environment with values of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0Pa. At the designated time points, the apatites are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The results show that, the low FSS (≤1.0Pa) has positive effects on the transition of ACP, characterized by the accelerated crystallization velocity and the well-organized calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) structure, whereas the high FSS (>1.0Pa) has negative effects on this conversion process, characterized by the poor CDHA crystal morphologies and the destroyed structures. The bioactivity evaluations further reveal that, compared with the FSS-free group, the CDHA prepared under 1.0Pa FSS for 9h presents the more biocompatible features with pre-osteoblast cells. These results are helpful for understanding the mechanism of apatite deposition in natural bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; BUAA Research Institute, Guangzhou 510530, China; Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China. Electronic address: nxf@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Liyang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Lizhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: yubofan@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003460:Crystallization; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Amorphous calcium phosphate; Apatite; Cone-and-plate viscometer; Crystallization; Fluid shear stress