title: Condom Use Errors and Problems: A Comparative Study of HIV-Positive Versus HIV-Negative Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe self-reported frequencies of selected condom use errors and problems among young (age, 15-29 years) black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) and to compare the observed prevalence of these errors/problems by HIV serostatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2012 October 2014, electronic interview data were collected from 369 YBMSM attending a federally supported sexually transmitted infection clinic located in the southern United States. Seventeen condom use errors and problems were assessed. χ(2) Tests were used to detect significant differences in the prevalence of these 17 errors and problems between HIV-negative and HIV-positive men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recall period was the past 90 days. The overall mean (SD) number of errors/problems was 2.98 (2.29). The mean (SD) for HIV-negative men was 2.91 (2.15), and the mean (SD) for HIV-positive men was 3.18 (2.57). These means were not significantly different (t = 1.02, df = 367, P = 0.31). Only 2 significant differences were observed between HIV-negative and HIV-positive men. Breakage (P = 0.002) and slippage (P = 0.005) were about twice as likely among HIV-positive men. Breakage occurred for nearly 30% of the HIV-positive men compared with approximately 15% among HIV-negative men. Slippage occurred for approximately 16% of the HIV-positive men compared with approximately 9% among HIV-negative men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A need exists to help YBMSM acquire the skills needed to avert breakage and slippage issues that could lead to HIV transmission. Beyond these 2 exceptions, condom use errors and problems were ubiquitous in this population regardless of HIV serostatus. Clinic-based intervention is warranted for these young men, including education about correct condom use and provision of free condoms and long-lasting lubricants.
authors.affiliation: From the *College of Public Health at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; †The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Bloomington, IN; ‡University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; Departments of §Gender Studies and ¶Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; ∥Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK; and **Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition at the University of Geulph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yarber
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Robin R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Milhausen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D054327:Lubricants; D008297:Male; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054327:Lubricants