title: Protective effects of GM-CSF in experimental neonatal hypothyroidism.
abstract: Hypothyroidism induced by methimazole (MMI), has a negative impact on the postnatal development. Neonatal Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor [GM-CSF; 50μg/kg, intramuscular injection at postnatal day (PND) 17] had been tested to ameliorate the effects of MMI [0.05%, (weight per volume; w/v), intraperitoneal injection at PND 15]-induced hypothyroidism in Wistar rats. The hypothyroid conditions due to the administration of MMI produced inhibitory effects on neonatal serum thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), neutrophil count in bone marrow and blood, cerebellar glutathione (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE), although it induced stimulatory actions on serum thyrotropin (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-II (IGF-II), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cerebellar malondialdehyde (MDA) at PND 19. The treatment with GM-CSF could reverse the depressing and stimulating effects of MMI on these markers except for cerebellar AchE where its enhancement was non-significant (P>0.05) at tested PND. Thus, neonatal GM-CSF may be responsible for suppressing autoimmune responses and preventing hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Electronic address: ahmedragab08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunity, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Latif
authors.affiliation: Immunity and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008713:Methimazole; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008713:Methimazole; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Cerebellum; GM-CSF; Hypothyroidism; Methimazole; Rat newborns