title: Abdominal Pain-predominant Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adolescent Nigerians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence, pattern, and predisposing factors of abdominal pain-predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs) in adolescent Nigerians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 states in the southern part of Nigeria in June 2014. Adolescents of age 10 to 18 years were recruited from 11 secondary schools using a stratified random sampling technique. A validated self-administered questionnaire on Rome III criteria for diagnosing AP-FGIDs and its determinants were filled by the participants in a classroom setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 874 participants filled the questionnaire. Of this, 818 (93.4%) filled it properly and were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the participants was 14.6 ± 2.0 years with 409 (50.0%) being boys. AP-FGIDs were present in 81 (9.9%) participants. Forty six (5.6%) of the study participants had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 21 (2.6%) functional abdominal pain, 15 (1.8%) abdominal migraine while 3 (0.4%) had functional dyspepsia. The difference in AP-FGIDs between adolescents residing in rural and urban areas was not statistically significant (P = 0.22). Intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms occurred more frequently in those with AP-FGIDs. Nausea was the only symptom independently associated with AP-FGIDs (p = 0.015). Multiple regression analysis showed no significant association between stressful life events and AP-FGIDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AP-FGIDs are a significant health problem in Nigerian adolescents. In addition to the intestinal symptoms, most of the affected children and others also had extraintestinal symptoms. None of the stressful life events evaluated was significantly associated with FGIDs.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Paediatrics, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria †Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine ‡Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka §Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria ||Department of Paediatrics Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ekong
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Udoh
authors.forename: Niranga Manjuri
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Devanarayana
authors.forename: Shaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajindrajith
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meremikwu
authors.forename: Marc Alexander
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D057566:Self Report; D014504:Urban Health