title: Low testosterone and sexual symptoms in men with acute coronary syndrome can be used to predict major adverse cardiovascular events during long-term follow-up.
abstract: Low total testosterone (TT) and sexual symptoms are common among men with coronary artery disease, however its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is still debatable. We investigated whether low TT and coexisting sexual symptoms in men with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be used to predict the incidence of MACE. In the prospective study 120 consecutive men (mean age 58 ± 9 years; diabetes 27%; current smokers 58%; left ventricular ejection fraction 50 ± 10%) with ACS were included. The group of men with the presence of three sexual symptoms (decreased frequency of morning erections, a lack of sexual thoughts and erectile dysfunction) and with TT serum concentration <3.2 ng/mL was distinguished. All of the patients had their prognosis assessed according to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE Score 2.0). Primary composite endpoint - MACE (recurrent ischaemia, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke and death) and secondary endpoint - in stent restenosis (ISR) were registered during the 18.3 month follow-up period. The mean TT level in the entire group was 3.7 ± 0.5 ng/mL. Low TT was diagnosed in 63 (52.5%) men. Both low TT and sexual symptoms were diagnosed in 57 (47%) participants. During the follow-up, 29 (24.2%) participants experienced MACE, 20 (16.6%) men ISR. In the Cox proportional hazards regression, high risk of death on the GRACE score (HR 3.16; 95% CI: 1.5-6.6; p = 0.002), the presence of low TT and sexual symptoms (HR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.26-6.04; p = 0.02) independently predicted an incidence of a MACE (p = 0.006). For the secondary endpoint only low TT and sexual symptoms (HR 2.68; 95% CI: 1.03-6.94; p = 0.034) were independent covariates which predicted IRS. Low TT which coexists with sexual symptoms in males with ACS can be used to predict MACE, especially IRS independently of classic cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizia-Stec
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Hospital Rybnik, Rybnik, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wierzbicka-Chmiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Hospital Rybnik, Rybnik, Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Hospital Rybnik, Rybnik, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muras
authors.affiliation: First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizia
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Hospital Rybnik, Rybnik, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bienkowski
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010410:Penile Erection; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: andropause; hypogonadism; metabolism