title: Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers.
abstract: Lead halide perovskite solar cells have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their excellent photovoltaic efficiencies. However, the poor stability of both the perovskite material and the charge transport layers has so far prevented the fabrication of devices that can withstand sustained operation under normal conditions. Here, we report a solution-processed lead halide perovskite solar cell that has p-type NiO(x) and n-type ZnO nanoparticles as hole and electron transport layers, respectively, and shows improved stability against water and oxygen degradation when compared with devices with organic charge transport layers. Our cells have a p-i-n structure (glass/indium tin oxide/NiO(x)/perovskite/ZnO/Al), in which the ZnO layer isolates the perovskite and Al layers, thus preventing degradation. After 60 days storage in air at room temperature, our all-metal-oxide devices retain about 90% of their original efficiency, unlike control devices made with organic transport layers, which undergo a complete degradation after just 5 days. The initial power conversion efficiency of our devices is 14.6 ± 1.5%, with an uncertified maximum value of 16.1%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jingbi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Tze-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, ROC.
authors.forename: Tzung-Fang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1536-6235
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yang Michael
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsuan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Ziruo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Huanping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7135-723X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang