title: Lower Risk of Cancer in the Areas Inhabited by the German Minority in the Region of Opole, Poland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lower risk of cancer in the areas inhabited by the German minority in the region of Opole, Poland, at the turn of the 1980's and 1990's has been already reported. A reanalysis of the present-day data was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the cancer cases (at all sites combined) registered within the years 2008-2012 with data collected by the Regional Cancer Registry in Opole were analyzed in this study. To estimate the risk of cancer in different spatial contexts, such as trends, clusters, and levels, modern geostatistical tools were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant reduction of the cancer risk was reported in administrative units with ≥ 10% of the German minority. Average decreases in relative risk of 13% in men and 16% in women were estimated. The geographical patterns of the estimates are illustrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed differences in the risk of cancer between the ethnic groups (Germans and repatriates) confirm a historical trend of the disease in the region of Opole, Poland. Some genetic, nutritional, or cultural aspects together with economic issues may play a role in the specified spatial disease patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chawińska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tukiendorf
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miszczyk
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011044:Poland / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors