title: g-force induced giant efficiency of nanoparticles internalization into living cells.
abstract: Nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role in the biomedical arena. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)-labelled cells is one of the most promising approaches for a fast and reliable evaluation of grafted cells in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. Current procedures to label living cells with IONPs are based on direct incubation or physical approaches based on magnetic or electrical fields, which always display very low cellular uptake efficiencies. Here we show that centrifugation-mediated internalization (CMI) promotes a high uptake of IONPs in glioblastoma tumour cells, just in a few minutes, and via clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway. CMI results in controllable cellular uptake efficiencies at least three orders of magnitude larger than current procedures. Similar trends are found in human mesenchymal stem cells, thereby demonstrating the general feasibility of the methodology, which is easily transferable to any laboratory with great potential for the development of improved biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de la Cueva
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gorka
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.|Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carrascosa
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Josefa Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), School of Medicine, San Pablo-CEU University, Campus de Montepríncipe, Madrid Spain.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Romero
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.|Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid &Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Luis F
authors.initials: JLF
authors.lastname: Cuñado
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.|Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid &Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camarero
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.|Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid &Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristobal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belda-Iniesta
authors.affiliation: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia. Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), School of Medicine, San Pablo-CEU University, Campus de Montepríncipe, Madrid Spain.|Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayuso-Sacido
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D002498:Centrifugation; D004705:Endocytosis; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles