title: Diffuse photon density wave measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.
abstract: Diffuse photon density wave (DPDW) methodology is widely used in a number of biomedical applications. Here, we present results of Monte Carlo simulations that employ an effective numerical procedure based upon a description of radiative transfer in terms of the Bethe–Salpeter equation. A multifrequency noncontact DPDW system was used to measure aqueous solutions of intralipid at a wide range of source–detector separation distances, at which the diffusion approximation of the radiative transfer equation is generally considered to be invalid. We find that the signal–noise ratio is larger for the considered algorithm in comparison with the conventional Monte Carlo approach. Experimental data are compared to the Monte Carlo simulations using several values of scattering anisotropy and to the diffusion approximation. Both the Monte Carlo simulations and diffusion approximation were in very good agreement with the experimental data for a wide range of source–detector separations. In addition, measurements with different wavelengths were performed to estimate the size and scattering anisotropy of scatterers.
authors.affiliation: St. Petersburg State University, Department of Physics, Ulyanovskaya ul. 3, St. Petersburg 198504, RussiabSt. Petersburg State University of Trade and Economics, Department of Statistics, Novorossiyskaya ul. 50, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kuzmin
authors.affiliation: Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Neidrauer
authors.affiliation: Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Leonid A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zubkov
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004058:Diffusion; D007259:Infrared Rays; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017785:Photons; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*