title: Alendronate does not prevent long bone fragility in an inactive rat model.
abstract: The lack of estrogen and inactivity are both important in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in elderly women, and there have been no appropriate rodent studies to examine the effects of common bisphosphonates on these two components separately. We compared the efficacy of alendronate (ALN) on the long bones of aged female rats, which were sedentary, estrogen deficient, or both. The rats were either forced to remain in a sitting position or allowed to walk in standard cages with or without ALN administration. The 8-week experimental period began 5 weeks after ovariectomy or sham surgery. Parameters of the hindlimb bones were determined by a three-point bending test, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microfocus computed tomography, confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy, and dynamic histomorphometry. Regardless of ovariectomy, ALN was ineffective against the deterioration of breaking stress caused by sitting even though the trabecular bone mineral density was significantly higher in the sitting-ALN groups. Toughness was significantly deficient in the ovariectomy sitting-ALN group. This was in agreement with the bone geometry with a greater marrow space. Sitting also increased the mineral-to-matrix ratio and the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, both indicative of aged bone. A greater loss of proteinaceous amide intensity compared with mineral intensity resulted in an increased mineral-to-matrix ratio in the presence of ALN. Sitting resulted in deficits in the quality and the geometry of cortical bone, resulting in fragility. The use of bisphosphonates, such as ALN, may provide a therapy best suited for osteoporotic individuals whose daily activity is not limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.|Suto Orthopedic Clinic, Katagama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suto
authors.affiliation: First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Mineralized Tissues, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoman
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Mineralized Tissues, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan. takagaki@kdu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikuni-Takagaki
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007103:Immobilization; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019386:Alendronate
keywords: Bisphosphonate; Inactive; Mechanical loading; Osteoporosis; Walking