title: When does prior knowledge disproportionately benefit older adults' memory?
abstract: Material consistent with knowledge/experience is generally more memorable than material inconsistent with knowledge/experience - an effect that can be more extreme in older adults. Four experiments investigated knowledge effects on memory with young and older adults. Memory for familiar and unfamiliar proverbs (Experiment 1) and for common and uncommon scenes (Experiment 2) showed similar knowledge effects across age groups. Memory for person-consistent and person-neutral actions (Experiment 3) showed a greater benefit of prior knowledge in older adults. For cued recall of related and unrelated word pairs (Experiment 4), older adults benefited more from prior knowledge only when it provided uniquely useful additional information beyond the episodic association itself. The current data and literature suggest that prior knowledge has the age-dissociable mnemonic properties of (1) improving memory for the episodes themselves (age invariant), and (2) providing conceptual information about the tasks/stimuli extrinsically to the actual episodic memory (particularly aiding older adults).
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Badham
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Mhairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foxon
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Maylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; cued recall; free recall; memory; prior knowledge; recognition