title: The Effect of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) on Efficacy of Cellular Reprogramming for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Generation.
abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are pivotal to the advancement of regenerative medicine. However, the low efficacy of iPSC generation and insufficient knowledge about the reprogramming mechanisms involved in somatic cell/adult stem cell reversion to a pluripotent phenotype remain critical hurdles to the therapeutic application of iPSCs. The present study investigated whether the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS), a widely employed cell culture additive, can influence the cellular reprogramming efficacy (RE) of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to generate iPSCs. Compared with the typically employed concentration of FBS (10%), high concentrations (20% and 30%) increased the RE of hADSCs by approximately twofold, whereas a low concentration (5%) decreased the RE by the same extent. Furthermore, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assays showed that hADSC proliferation during reprogramming was significantly enhanced by FBS at 20% and 30%, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting assays revealed a concomitant decrease in p53, p51, and p21 expression. In addition, the efficacy of retrovirus-mediated transduction into hADSCs was increased by approximately 10% at high concentrations of FBS. It was confirmed that platelet-derived growth factor in the FBS enhanced proliferation and reprogramming efficacy. Finally, the generated iPSCs showed a normal karyotype, the same fingerprinting pattern as parental hADSCs, a genome-wide transcriptome pattern similar to that of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and in vivo pluripotency. In conclusion, the current investigation demonstrated that high concentrations of FBS can modulate molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming process in hADSCs, thereby augmenting the cellular RE for iPSC generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daekee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jin-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Kwang-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Inbo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kyung-Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hojae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Myung-Kwan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000378:metabolism; D044967:Serum / Q000378:metabolism*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic