title: Chloroquine inhibited Ebola virus replication  in vitro but failed to protect against infection and  disease in the in vivo guinea pig model.
abstract: Ebola virus (EBOV) is highly pathogenic, with a predisposition to cause outbreaks in human populations accompanied by significant mortality. Owing to the lack of approved therapies, screening programmes of potentially efficacious drugs have been undertaken. One of these studies has demonstrated the possible utility of chloroquine against EBOV using pseudotyped assays. In mouse models of EBOV disease there are conflicting reports of the therapeutic effects of chloroquine. There are currently no reports of its efficacy using the larger and more stringent guinea pig model of infection. In this study we have shown that replication of live EBOV is impaired by chloroquine in vitro. However, no protective effects were observed in vivo when EBOV-infected guinea pigs were treated with chloroquine. These results advocate that chloroquine should not be considered as a treatment strategy for EBOV.
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dowall
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosworth
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bewley
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Easterbrook
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pitman
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hewson
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: Miles W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D012367:RNA, Viral; D002738:Chloroquine