title: Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.
abstract: There is compelling epidemiological evidence that the risk of developing multiple sclerosis is increased in association with low levels of sun exposure, possibly because this is associated with low vitamin D status. Recent work highlights both vitamin D and non-vitamin D effects on cellular immunity that suggests that higher levels of sun exposure and/or vitamin D status are beneficial for both MS risk and in ameliorating disease progression. Here we review this recent evidence, focusing on regulatory cells, dendritic cells, and chemokines and cytokines released from the skin following exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.|Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Robyn M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.affiliation: Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Scott N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Correale
authors.affiliation: Independent researcher.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilschner
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Prue H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: B regulatory cells; cis-urocanic acid; dendritic cells; multiple sclerosis; ultraviolet radiation; vitamin D