title: Differentiation of oral bacteria in in vitro cultures and human saliva by secondary electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry.
abstract: The detection of bacterial-specific volatile metabolites may be a valuable tool to predict infection. Here we applied a real-time mass spectrometric technique to investigate differences in volatile metabolic profiles of oral bacteria that cause periodontitis. We coupled a secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) source to a commercial high-resolution mass spectrometer to interrogate the headspace from bacterial cultures and human saliva. We identified 120 potential markers characteristic for periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (n = 13), Porphyromonas gingivalis (n = 70), Tanerella forsythia (n = 30) and Treponema denticola (n = 7) in in vitro cultures. In a second proof-of-principle phase, we found 18 (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola) of the 120 in vitro compounds in the saliva from a periodontitis patient with confirmed infection with P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola with enhanced ion intensity compared to two healthy controls. In conclusion, this method has the ability to identify individual metabolites of microbial pathogens in a complex medium such as saliva.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bregy
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Annick R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Müggler
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lozano Sinues
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.affiliation: Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georgios N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Belibasakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zenobi
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers