title: Growth of hydroxyapatite on the cellular membrane of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis for the preparation of hybrid biomaterials.
abstract: This study aimed to grow hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals on the cellular wall of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis using a bio-mimetic method. Several strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) gene markers to differentiate the strains and confirm the identity of the isolated species to guarantee that the selected species was not harmful to human health or the environment. Three of the analyzed strains were selected because they exhibited the best nucleation and growth of HAp on the bacterial surface. This innovative method to grow HAp crystals on a cellular membrane helps to elucidate the mechanisms by which osseous tissue is formed in nature. The optimum concentration for the simulated physiological fluid (SPF) was 1.5×. The hybrid materials were characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Ave San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico. Electronic address: onomaeric@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eric Reyes
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico. Electronic address: mikegcu@fata.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Maykel González
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico. Electronic address: vmsu@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Susana Vargas
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Ave San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico. Electronic address: efrainrubio@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Efraín Rubio
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Ave San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col San Manuel, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico. Electronic address: ecobacilos@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Candelario
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico. Electronic address: rogelior@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Rogelio Rodríguez
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Talavera
mesh_terms: D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; Biomimetic method; Growth of HAp on bacteria; Strains