title: Cytohistology of papillary carcinoid and emerging concept of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms.
abstract: This timely review starts by reporting the clinical, cytologic and histologic features of a morphologic variant of pulmonary carcinoid tumor forming exclusively of papillae. This growth pattern is so rare that it was not included in 2014 WHO classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. The current concept is reviewed, and example of spindle cell carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma are illustrated with fine needle aspiration cytology, surgical and clinical follow-up. Finally, the new findings in cell biology and molecular biology that led to the emerging concept that carcinoids and high-grade neuroendocrine lung carcinomas are separate biological entities are reviewed and summarized in a tumorigenic module.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York.
authors.forename: Grace C H
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C105373:MEN1 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C411762:RASSF1 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
keywords: atypical carcinoid; fine needle aspiration cytology; large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; papillary carcinoid; small cell lung carcinoma