title: Assessment of a direct hybridization microarray strategy for comprehensive monitoring of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
abstract: Detection of GMO material in crop and food samples is the primary step in GMO monitoring and regulation, with the increasing number of GM events in the world market requiring detection solutions with high multiplexing capacity. In this study, we test the suitability of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray platform for direct, quantitative detection of GMOs found in the Turkish feed market. We tested 1830 different 60nt probes designed to cover the GM cassettes from 12 different GM cultivars (3 soya, 9 maize), as well as plant species-specific and contamination controls, and developed a data analysis method aiming to provide maximum throughput and sensitivity. The system was able specifically to identify each cultivar, and in 10/12 cases was sensitive enough to detect GMO DNA at concentrations of ⩽1%. These GMOs could also be quantified using the microarray, as their fluorescence signals increased linearly with GMO concentration.
authors.affiliation: Uludag University Plant and Animal Production Department, Mustafa Kemalpasa Vocational School, 16500 Bursa, Turkey. Electronic address: aturkec@uludag.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turkec
authors.affiliation: Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: slucas@sabanciuniv.edu.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.affiliation: Elips Health Products Ltd., Ataturk mh. Namık Kemal Cd no: 17, Tan Plaza, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burçin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karacanli
authors.affiliation: Elips Health Products Ltd., Ataturk mh. Namık Kemal Cd no: 17, Tan Plaza, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aykut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baykut
authors.affiliation: Elips Health Products Ltd., Ataturk mh. Namık Kemal Cd no: 17, Tan Plaza, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics*; D014421:Turkey; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes
keywords: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH); Food and feed safety; GMO detection; Genetically modified organisms (GMOs); Microarray; Quantification