title: Analysis of Small Ischemic Lesions in the Examinees of a Brain Dock and Neurological Examination of Animals Subjected to Cortical or Basal Ganglia Photothrombotic Infarction.
abstract: We analyzed cases of small brain ischemic lesions found in examinees of a brain dock (neurological health screening center). Small cerebral infarction was found in 17 % of the examinees (733 cases). White matter lesions were found in 24 %. Infarctions were located in the cortex or subcortical white matter in 31 % and in the basal ganglia in 44 % of cases. Infratentorial infarction was found in 1.6 %. We have developed an animal model of small infarction in the cortex or basal ganglia induced by photothrombosis in rodents. Sprague-Dawley rats or Mongolian gerbils were anesthetized and photothrombotic infarction was induced in the left caudate nucleus or parietal cortex by light exposure via an optic fiber and intravenous Rose Bengal dye injection. Histological examination revealed development of a small spherical infarction surrounding the tip of the optic fiber. The lesion turned to a cyst by 6 weeks after lesioning. Neurological deficits were found in animals both with cortical and caudate infarction. Behavioral changes in an open field test differed with the lesion site. Neurological deficits were sustained longer in animals with larger infarctions. Thus, photothrombotic infarction is useful for analyzing location-dependent and size-dependent neurological and neuropathological changes after cerebral infarction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Namegata District General Hospital, 98-8 Inouefujii, Namegata, Ibaraki, 311-3516, Japan. tkuroiwa-nsu@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Namegata District General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neurobiology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schallert
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000009:adverse effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012395:Rose Bengal
keywords: Caudate nucleus; Cortex; Neurological deficit; Photothrombosis; Small infarction