title: An Overview of Pest Species of Bactrocera Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the Integration of Biopesticides with Other Biological Approaches for Their Management with a Focus on the Pacific Region.
abstract: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most economically important pest species in the world, attacking a wide range of fruits and fleshy vegetables throughout tropical and sub-tropical areas. These species are such devastating crop pests that major control and eradication programs have been developed in various parts of the world to combat them. The array of control methods includes insecticide sprays to foliage and soil, bait-sprays, male annihilation techniques, releases of sterilized flies and parasitoids, and cultural controls. During the twenty first century there has been a trend to move away from control with organophosphate insecticides (e.g., malathion, diazinon, and naled) and towards reduced risk insecticide treatments. In this article we present an overview of 73 pest species in the genus Bactrocera, examine recent developments of reduced risk technologies for their control and explore Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programs that integrate multiple components to manage these pests in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
authors.affiliation: Daniel K. Inouye, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 64 Nowelo St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA. roger.vargas@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research and Extension, Lincoln University, 900 Chestnut St., Allen Hall 212, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA. pineroj@lincolnu.edu.
authors.forename: Jaime C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Piñero
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Room 310, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. leblancl@ctahr.hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leblanc
keywords: Bactrocera cucurbitae; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera tryoni; IPM; area wide control; reduced risk insecticides