title: What exists beyond cagA and vacA? Helicobacter pylori genes in gastric diseases.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is present in more than half the world's population and has been associated with several gastric disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The clinical outcome of this infection depends on host and bacterial factors where H. pylori virulence genes seem to play a relevant role. Studies of cagA and vacA genes established that they were determining factors in gastric pathogenesis. However, there are gastric cancer cases that are cagA-negative. Several other virulence genes have been searched for, but these genes remain less well known that cagA and vacA. Thus, this review aimed to establish which genes have been suggested as potentially relevant virulence factors for H. pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. We focused on the cag-pathogenicity island, genes with adherence and motility functions, and iceA based on the relevance shown in several studies in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Débora Menezes da Costa, Eliane dos Santos Pereira, Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora Menezes
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Débora Menezes da Costa, Eliane dos Santos Pereira, Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane dos Santos
authors.initials: Edos S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Débora Menezes da Costa, Eliane dos Santos Pereira, Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará 60430-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Helena Barem
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Rabenhorst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology; D044404:Genomic Islands; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C103937:PicB protein, Helicobacter pylori; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D037521:Virulence Factors; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori
keywords: Adhesion genes; Cag-pathogenicity island; Helicobacter pylori; Motility genes; Virulence genes