title: Albumin and Furosemide Combination for Management of Edema in Nephrotic Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Studies.
abstract: The treatment of edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome is generally managed by dietary sodium restriction and loop diuretics. However, edema does not improve in some patients despite adequate sodium restriction and maximal dose of diuretics. In such patients, combination of albumin and a loop diuretic may improve edema by diuresis and natriuresis. The response to this combination of albumin and a diuretic has not been observed in all studies. The purpose of this review is to discuss the physiology of diuresis and natriuresis of this combination therapy, and provide a brief summary of various studies that have used albumin and a loop diuretic to improve diuretic-resistant edema. Also, the review suggests various reasons for not observing similar results by various investigators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. md13086@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. jain.shashank.3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. nbharrell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. kotharne@njms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. Reddias@njms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Alluru S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Reddi
keywords: albumin and diuretic; diuresis; edema management; natriuresis; nephrotic syndrome