title: Strong poly(ethylene oxide) based gel adhesives via oxime cross-linking.
abstract: There is a demand for materials to replace or augment the use of sutures and staples in surgical procedures. Currently available commercial surgical adhesives provide either high bond strength with biological toxicity or polymer and protein-based products that are biologically acceptable (though with potential sensitizing potential) but have much reduced bond strength. It is desirable to provide novel biocompatible and biodegradable surgical adhesives/sealants capable of high strength with minimal immune or inflammatory response. In this work, we report the end group derivatization of 8-arm star PEOs with aldehyde and amine end groups. Gels were prepared employing the Schiff-base chemistry between the aldehydes and the amines. Gel setting times, swelling behavior and rheological characterization were carried out for these gels. The mechanical-viscoelastic properties were found to be directly proportional to the crosslinking density of the gels, the 10K PEO gel was stiffer in comparison to the 20K PEO gel. The adhesive properties of these gels were tested using porcine skin and showed excellent adhesion properties. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out for the individual gel components using two different methods: (a) Crystal Violet Staining assay (CVS assay) and (b) impedance and cell index measurement by the xCELLigence system at concentrations >5%. Gels prepared by mixing 20% w/w solutions were also tested for cytotoxicity. The results revealed that the individual gel components as well as the prepared gels and their leachables were non-cytotoxic at these concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work presents a new type of glue that is aimed at surgery applications using a water soluble star shaped polymer. It show excellent adhesion to skin and is tough and easy to use. We show that it is very biocompatible based on tests on live human cells, and could therefore in principle be used for internal surgery. Comparison with other reported and commercial glues shows that it is stronger than most, and does not swell in water to the same degree as many other water based bioadhesives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Union Place West, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Union Place West, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jaydee D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Union Place West, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lyall R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hanton
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Union Place West, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Electronic address: smoratti@chemistry.otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Moratti
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D010091:Oximes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Adhesives; Hydrogel; Oximes; Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO); Surgical glue