title: Molecular epidemiology and evolution of porcine parvoviruses.
abstract: Porcine parvovirus (PPV), recently named Ungulate protoparvovirus 1, is considered to be one of the most important causes of reproductive failure in swine. Fetal death, mummification, stillbirths and delayed return to estrus are predominant clinical signs commonly associated with PPV infection in a herd. It has recently been shown that certain parvoviruses exhibit a nucleotide substitution rate close to that commonly determined for RNA viruses. However, the PPV vaccines broadly used in the last 30 years have most likely reduced the genetic diversity of the virus and led to the predominance of strains with a capsid profile distinct from that of the original vaccine-based strains. Furthermore, a number of novel porcine parvovirus species with yet-unknown veterinary relevance and characteristics have been described during the last decade. In this review, an overview of PPV molecular evolution is presented, highlighting characteristics of the various genetic elements, their evolutionary rate and the discovery of new capsid profiles driven by the currently used vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: andre.streck@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: André Felipe
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio Wageck
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Canal
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Truyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D028323:Parvovirus, Porcine / Q000235:genetics*; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
keywords: Epidemiology; Evolution; PPV; Parvovirus; Porcine parvovirus; Ungulate protoparvovirus 1