title: The Rice Transcription Factor WRKY53 Suppresses Herbivore-Induced Defenses by Acting as a Negative Feedback Modulator of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity.
abstract: The mechanisms by which herbivore-attacked plants activate their defenses are well studied. By contrast, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that allow them to control their defensive investment and avoid a defensive overshoot. We characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) WRKY gene, OsWRKY53, whose expression is rapidly induced upon wounding and induced in a delayed fashion upon attack by the striped stem borer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis. The transcript levels of OsWRKY53 are independent of endogenous jasmonic acid but positively regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases OsMPK3/OsMPK6. OsWRKY53 physically interacts with OsMPK3/OsMPK6 and suppresses their activity in vitro. By consequence, it modulates the expression of defensive, MPK-regulated WRKYs and thereby reduces jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-isoleucine, and ethylene induction. This phytohormonal reconfiguration is associated with a reduction in trypsin protease inhibitor activity and improved SSB performance. OsWRKY53 is also shown to be a negative regulator of plant growth. Taken together, these results show that OsWRKY53 functions as a negative feedback modulator of MPK3/MPK6 and thereby acts as an early suppressor of induced defenses. OsWRKY53 therefore enables rice plants to control the magnitude of their defensive investment during early signaling.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Lingfei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Ran
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-0582
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Tongfang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.).
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (L.H., M.Y., R.L., T.Z., G.Z., Q.W., J.L., Y.L.); andDepartment of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agriculture Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China (G.Z.) yglou@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yonggen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-6134
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D060434:Herbivory / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D015151:Immunoblotting; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C011006:jasmonic acid; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases