title: Inflammatory mechanisms of pulmonary injury induced by mustards.
abstract: Exposure of humans and animals to vesicants, including sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM), causes severe and debilitating damage to the respiratory tract. Both acute and long term pathological consequences are observed in the lung following a single exposure to these vesicants. Evidence from our laboratories and others suggest that macrophages and the inflammatory mediators they release play an important role in mustard-induced lung injury. In this paper, the pathogenic effects of SM and NM on the lung are reviewed, along with the potential role of inflammatory macrophages and mediators they release in mustard-induced pulmonary toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malaviya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Vasanthi R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Sunil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Kinal N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Vayas
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Laskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. Electronic address: laskin@eohsi.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Laskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009588:Nitrogen Mustard Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009588:Nitrogen Mustard Compounds
keywords: Lung injury; Pulmonary toxicity; TNFα; Vesicant; iNOS