title: Evaluation of radiological methods of assessing cup anteversion in total hip replacement.
abstract: METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In total hip replacement, the placement of the cup is critical as inaccurate placement can cause impingement, accelerated wear and dislocations. The position of the cup is assessed by abduction and anteversion. There are many radiological methods available for this purpose, while the reliability and validity of the methods have not been adequately done. Calculation by CT method is a gold standard. The aim of study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of all the methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 hips of 25 consecutive patients, 13 females and 12 males who underwent primary total hip replacement in our institution, the component version in all the five radiological methods was calculated and compared with CT evaluation of angles. The intra- and interobserver reliabilities were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average CT measurement was 23.28 for anteversion. Lewinnek, Liaw, Hassan, Widmer and Ritun methods had average deviation of 4.330, 4.390, 4.880, 6.840 and 6.220, respectively. All the radiographic and CT methods had excellent intra- and interobserver reliabilities (C.I. 0.894-0.960 and 0.861-0.953). All the methods except Widmer had a significant validity against CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plain X-rays (AP) are reliable for measuring cup anteversion. Lewinnek, Liaw, Riten and Hassans methods for calculation of cup anteversion are closer to CT in accuracy (p value >0.05). Widmer method varies significantly (p value <0.05) from CT.
authors.affiliation: Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India. kmanjunath215@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-8588
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soruban
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods*; D060750:Bone Anteversion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abduction; Cup anteversion; Reliability; Validity