title: Neonatal Nicotine Exposure Leads to Hypothalamic Gliosis in Adult Overweight Rats.
abstract: Astrocytes and microglia, the immune competent cells of central nercous system, can be activated in response to metabolic signals such as obesity and hyperleptinaemia. In rats, maternal exposure to nicotine during lactation leads to central obesity, hyperleptinaemia, leptin resistance and alterations in hypothalamic neuropeptides in the offspring during adulthood. In the present study, we studied the activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as the pattern of inflammatory mediators, in adult offspring of this experimental model. On postnatal day 2 (P2), osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine (NIC) (-6 mg/kg/day) or saline for 14 days were s.c. implanted in dams. Male offspring were killed on P180 and hypothalamic immunohistochemistry, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (WAT) polymerase chain reaction analysis and multiplex analysis for plasma inflammatory mediators were carried out. At P180, NIC astrocyte cell number was higher in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (medial: +82%; lateral: +110%), in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) (+144%) and in the lateral hypothalamus (+121%). NIC glial fibrillary acidic protein fibre density was higher in the lateral ARC (+178%) and in the PVN (+183%). Interleukin-6 was not affected in the hypothalamus. NIC monocyte chemotactic protein 1 was only higher in the periventricular nucleus (+287%). NIC microglia (iba-1-positive) cell number was higher (+68%) only in the PVN, as was the chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 density (+93%). NIC interleukin-10 was lower in the WAT (-58%) and plasma (-50%). Thus, offspring of mothers exposed to nicotine during lactation present hypothalamic astrogliosis at adulthood and microgliosis in the PVN.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Younes-Rapozo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Manhães
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Barradas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lisboa
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: developmental plasticity; hypothalamus; inflammation; lactation; nicotine; obesity