title: Body surface infrared thermometry in patients with central venous cateter-related infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if body surface temperature close to the central venous catheter insertion area is different when patients develop catheter-related bloodstream infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cross-sectional study. Using a non-contact infrared thermometer, 3 consecutive measurements of body surface temperature were collected from 39 patients with central venous catheter on the following sites: nearby the catheter insertion area or totally implantable catheter reservoir, the equivalent contralateral region (without catheter), and forehead of the same subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 323 observations were collected. Respectively, both in male and female patients, disregarding the occurrence of infection, the mean temperature on the catheter area minus that on the contralateral region (mean ± standard deviation: -0.3±0.6°C versus-0.2±0.5ºC; p=0.36), and the mean temperature on the catheter area minus that on the forehead (mean ± standard deviation: -0.2±0.5°C versus-0.1±0.5ºC; p=0.3) resulted in negative values. Moreover, in infected patients, higher values were obtained on the catheter area (95%CI: 36.6-37.5ºC versus 36.3-36.5ºC; p<0.01) and by temperature subtractions: catheter area minus contralateral region (95%CI: -0.17 - +0.33ºC versus -0.33 - -0.20ºC; p=0.02) and catheter area minus forehead (95%CI: -0.02 - +0.55ºC versus-0.22 - -0.10ºC; p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a non-contact infrared thermometer, patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections had higher temperature values both around catheter insertion area and in the subtraction of the temperatures on the contralateral and forehead regions from those on the catheter area.
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Silvah
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Maria Mártires de
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Rosário Del Lama de
authors.initials: Mdo R
authors.lastname: Unamuno
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antônio Alves
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schetino
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Pereira Leite
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Schetino
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Giácomo
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fassini
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Fernanda Costa e Cunha Moraes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anibal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basile-Filho
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Selma Freire Carvalho da
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Sergio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D062125:Thermometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult