title: Instruments Measuring Pain, Physical Function, or Patient's Global Assessment in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Search.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Description of use and metric properties of instruments measuring pain, physical function, or patient's global assessment (PtGA) in hand osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical literature databases up to January 2014 were systematically reviewed for studies reporting on instruments measuring pain, physical function, or PtGA in hand OA. The frequency of the use of these instruments were described, as well as their metric properties, including discrimination (reliability, sensitivity to change), feasibility, and validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 66 included studies, various questionnaires and performance- or assessor-based instruments were applied for evaluation of pain, physical function, or PtGA. No major differences regarding metric properties were observed between the instruments, although the amount of supporting evidence varied. The most frequently evaluated questionnaires were the Australian/Canadian Hand OA Index (AUSCAN) pain subscale and visual analog scale (VAS) pain for pain assessment, and the AUSCAN function subscale and Functional Index for Hand OA (FIHOA) for physical function assessment. Excellent reliability was shown for the AUSCAN and FIHOA, and good sensitivity to change for all mentioned instruments; additionally, the FIHOA had good feasibility. Good construct validity was suggested for all mentioned questionnaires. The most commonly applied performance- or assessor-based instruments were the grip and pinch strength for the assessment of physical function, and the assessment of pain by palpation. For these measures, good sensitivity to change and construct validity were established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AUSCAN, FIHOA, VAS pain, grip and pinch strength, and pain on palpation were most frequently used and provided most supporting evidence for good metric properties. More research has to be performed to compare the different instruments with each other.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center. a.w.visser@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: A Willemien
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bøyesen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Ida K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Jan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Schoones
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Désirée M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: van der Heijde
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Frits R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, and Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.A.W. Visser, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; P. Bøyesen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; I.K. Haugen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; J.W. Schoones, MA, Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center; D.M. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, and Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; F.R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center; M. Kloppenburg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Margreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kloppenburg
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents
keywords: HAND; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PAIN; PATIENT’S GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL FUNCTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW