title: Advancing drug delivery systems for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by demyelination of neurons and loss of neuronal axons and oligodendrocytes. In MS, auto-reactive T cells and B cells cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), causing perivenous demyelinating lesions that form multiple discrete inflammatory demyelinated plaques located primarily in the white matter. In chronic MS, cortical demyelination and progressive axonal transections develop. Treatment for MS can be stratified into disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and symptomatic therapy. DMTs aim to decrease circulating immune cells or to prevent these cells from crossing the BBB and reduce the inflammatory response. There are currently 10 DMTs approved for the relapsing forms of MS; these vary with regard to their efficacy, route and frequency of administration, adverse effects, and toxicity profile. Better drug delivery systems are being developed in order to decrease adverse effects, increase drug efficacy, and increase patient compliance through the direct targeting of pathologic cells. Here, we address the uses and benefits of advanced drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, microparticles, fusion antibodies, and liposomal formulations. By altering the properties of therapeutic particles and enhancing targeting, breakthrough drug delivery technologies potentially applicable to multiple disease treatments may rapidly emerge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabansky
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.|Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bangeranye
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.|Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Blitz-Shabbir
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.|Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Suly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jeganathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Souhel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najjar
authors.affiliation: Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yonghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber-Harvard Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Derin B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. jstern01@rockefeller.edu.|Department of Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA. jstern01@rockefeller.edu.|Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA. jstern01@rockefeller.edu.|Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA. jstern01@rockefeller.edu.
authors.forename: Joel N H
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
keywords: Drug delivery systems; Fusion antibodies; Microparticles; Multiple sclerosis