title: Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Distribution of Oxacillinase Genes Among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Shiraz Teaching Hospitals, 2012 - 2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complicates the therapy of the related infections. Hospital isolates of A. baumannii are usually multidrug-resistant. The problem is compounded by increasing resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics including carbapenems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and distribution of bla OXA -type carbapenemases genes among A. baumannii isolates from hospitalized patients in Shiraz, Southwest Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred A. baumannii isolates were recovered from different clinical specimens in four Shiraz teaching hospitals. Isolates were detected as A. baumannii by Microgen kit and PCR with specific primers of bla OXA-51-like gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by disk diffusion method for all the isolates. Multiplex PCR assays were performed for detection of bla OXA-23-like , bla OXA-24-like and bla OXA-58-like genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the isolates were susceptible to colistin and polymyxin B. Moreover, all of them were resistant to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefoxitin and aztreonam. Eighty (40%) isolates had positive results for bla OXA-23-like , 14 (7%) for bla OXA-24-like and 1 (0.5%) isolate for bla OXA-58-like . The co-existence of studied genes was detected for bla OXA-23-like plus bla OXA-24-like in nine (4.5%) isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates in Shiraz hospitals is high. The bla OXA-23-like gene was the most frequent carbapenemase identified among resistant A. baumannii isolated in Shiraz hospitals. The increasing incidence of A. baumannii is a serious concern, therefore control of this pathogen and taking preventive measures are emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Bacteriology and Virology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kooti
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran ; Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarvari
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; OXA-51 beta-lactamase; Oxacillinase