title: Anal HPV detection in men who have sex with men living with HIV who report no recent anal sexual behaviours: baseline analysis of the Anal Cancer Examination (ACE) study.
abstract: Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are at high risk of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of anal cancer. We assess whether anal HPV DNA detection is related to recent anal sexual activity, what types of anal sexual activity or the persistence of HPV genotypes.
  
  
  
  We analysed anal swabs taken at the baseline of a 2-year prospective anal cancer screening study of MSM living with HIV from four HIV clinics in Melbourne, Australia. Anal HPV detection was stratified by age and anal sexual behaviours.
  
  
  
  281 anal swabs were included in the analysis. The majority (80%, 95% CI 75 to 84) of men were positive for any HPV; 59% (95% CI 53 to 65) were positive for high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) genotypes; and 31% (95% CI 26 to 36) men were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18 with no significant differences according to age groups (p>0.261). In men who reported no receptive anal sexual activity in the last six months (22%), hr-HPV was found in 53% (95% CI 41 to 65) for no anal sexual activity versus. 60% (95% CI 54 to 67) for anal sexual activity (p=0.320). HPV 16 and/or 18 was found in 26% (95% CI 16 to 38) for no anal sexual activity versus. 32% (95% CI 27 to 39) for anal sexual activity (p=0.320).
  
  
  
  Anal HPV in MSM living with HIV is detected in the majority of men throughout all age groups. Anal HPV detection remains high even in men reporting no anal sexual activity in the preceding six months.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Regional HPV Lab Net Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sepehr N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.affiliation: Regional HPV Lab Net Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornall
authors.affiliation: Regional HPV Lab Net Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Fengyi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Centre Clinic, Victorian AIDS Council, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.affiliation: Prahran Market Clinic, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Beng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eu
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fairley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000821:virology*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: HIV; HOMOSEXUALITY; HPV; SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR