title: Health Benefits of Green Public Housing: Associations With Asthma Morbidity and Building-Related Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined associations of several health outcomes with green and conventional low-income housing, where the prevalence of morbidities and environmental pollutants is elevated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used questionnaires and a visual inspection to compare sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and asthma-related morbidity among residents in multifamily units in Boston, Massachusetts, between March 2012 and May 2013. Follow-up was approximately 1 year later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults living in green units reported 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 2.05) fewer SBS symptoms than those living in conventional (control) homes (P < .001). Furthermore, asthmatic children living in green homes experienced substantially lower risk of asthma symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12, 1.00), asthma attacks (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.88), hospital visits (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.88), and asthma-related school absences (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.74) than children living in conventional public housing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants living in green homes had improved health outcomes, which remained consistent over the study period. Green housing may provide a significant value in resource-poor settings where green construction or renovation could simultaneously reduce harmful indoor exposures, promote resident health, and reduce operational costs.
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: Meryl D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Colton
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: Jose Guillermo Cedeno
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: Piers
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: MacNaughton
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: Mae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett-Fripp
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spengler
authors.affiliation: Meryl D. Colton, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Piers MacNaughton, John Spengler, and Gary Adamkiewicz are with the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. John Kane is with the Boston Housing Authority. Mae Bennett-Fripp is with the Committee for Boston Public Housing.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adamkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011638:Public Housing / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D018877:Sick Building Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult