title: Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Japanese Seniors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motoric cognitive syndrome (MCR), a newly described predementia syndrome characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait, is associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Due to the potential differences in health, behavioral, and lifestyle factors between races that can influence dementia risk, it is important to examine risk factors for MCR in different countries. This study aimed to report the prevalence as well as modifiable factors associated with MCR in Japanese community-dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9683 older adults (52% women, mean age: 73.6 years) participating in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were screened for presence of MCR at baseline. The association of selected modifiable risk factors (medical illness, depressive symptoms, and falls) and lifestyle variables (obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) with MCR was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At cross-section, 619 participants met criteria for MCR, with an overall prevalence 6.4% (95% CI 5.9-6.9). A higher prevalence of MCR was seen with advancing age (P < .001), but there were no sex differences. Diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.47, P = .001), depressive symptoms (OR 3.57, P < .001), and falls (OR 1.45, P < .001) were associated with increased risk of MCR. Among the lifestyle factors, obesity (OR 1.26, P = .018) and physical inactivity (OR 1.57, P < .001) were associated with increased risk of MCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCR is common in the elderly Japanese population. The potentially modifiable risk and lifestyle factors identified for MCR should be further studied to develop interventions.
authors.affiliation: Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York. Electronic address: take-d@ncgg.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verghese
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hyuma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makizako
authors.affiliation: Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsumimoto
authors.affiliation: Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakakubo
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Gerontology, J.F. Oberlin University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: Gait; cognition; dementia; lifestyle