title: Cortical beta oscillations and motor thresholds differ across the spectrum of post-stroke motor impairment, a preliminary MEG and TMS study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cortical oscillatory activity in the beta frequency band (13-30Hz) is associated with voluntary movement and may be altered in motor disorders such as stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a multimodal case-series approach to investigate movement-related beta oscillations, cortical excitability and upper-limb motor-function in 10 chronic stroke-patients across a broad range of motor-impairment. Assessments included: (i) whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a voluntary motor task; (ii) resting and active motor-thresholds to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); and (iii) assessments of upper-limb motor-function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MEG revealed distinct patterns of movement-related beta oscillations according to motor-function. An elongated event-related desynchronisation (ERD) was correlated with poorer motor-function (p=0.004) whereas an elongated event-related resynchronisation (ERS) was correlated with higher motor function and lower TMS motor thresholds on the more-affected side (p=0.014 and p<0.001, respectively). Oscillation amplitude and laterality were also correlated with motor-function, where a stronger ERD/ERS and a greater relative contribution from the ipsilesional hemisphere were correlated with better motor-function (p=0.016, p=0.025). Unlike TMS responses and motor-function, the temporal profile of beta oscillations was largely symmetrical for movements of the more- and less-affected hands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta ERD/ERS patterns differ across the post-stroke motor impairment spectrum, and are bilaterally similar after stroke. Both the amplitude and duration of beta oscillations relate to post-stroke motor-function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contralesional hemisphere is not unaffected post-stroke. Caution is needed when generalising imaging and neurophysiological findings from patients with moderate to high motor ability to the more heterogeneous general stroke population and particularly those with low levels of residual voluntary motor-function.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Blake W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: p.mcnulty@neura.edu.au.
authors.forename: Penelope A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McNulty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Brain imaging; Chronic stroke; Cortical excitability; Motor cortex; Motor-function; Neurophysiology