title: Isolation and molecular characterization of newly emerging avian reovirus variants and novel strains in Pennsylvania, USA, 2011-2014.
abstract: Avian reovirus (ARV) infections of broiler and turkey flocks have caused significant clinical disease and economic losses in Pennsylvania (PA) since 2011. Most of the ARV-infected birds suffered from severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis and depressed growth or runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). A high morbidity (up to 20% to 40%) was observed in ARV-affected flocks, and the flock mortality was occasionally as high as 10%. ARV infections in turkeys were diagnosed for the first time in PA in 2011. From 2011 to 2014, a total of 301 ARV isolations were made from affected PA poultry. The molecular characterization of the Sigma C gene of 114 field isolates, representing most ARV outbreaks, revealed that only 21.93% of the 114 sequenced ARV isolates were in the same genotyping cluster (cluster 1) as the ARV vaccine strains (S1133, 1733, and 2048), whereas 78.07% of the sequenced isolates were in genotyping clusters 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (which were distinct from the vaccine strains) and represented newly emerging ARV variants. In particular, genotyping cluster 6 was a new ARV genotype that was identified for the first time in 10 novel PA ARV variants of field isolates.
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Huaguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Eva A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wallner-Pendleton
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Knoll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005814:Genes, Viral; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D049674:History, 21st Century; D030101:Orthoreovirus, Avian / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014422:Turkeys