title: Flavanols and vascular health: molecular mechanisms to build evidence-based recommendations.
abstract: Observational studies as well as public awareness and ancient medicine identify tea, wine and cocoa as healthy foods. Further compilations of epidemiological data reinforce the healthy properties of the grape, tea and cocoa derived foods and drinks made from, especially when considering cardiovascular disease, some cancers and other inflammation-related pathologies. Flavanols have emerged as bioactives responsible for such health effects, and flavanol-rich foods have been used in clinical studies. Results of these studies show a major participation of flavanols in mechanisms positively affecting endpoints of cardiovascular disease, i.e. hypertension and vascular function. In line, based on the chemistry (bioavailability and molecular structure of flavanol and target entities) several physiological mechanisms have been described backing the epidemiological and clinical studies. In summary, the discussion for defining evidence-based recommendations for flavanols is based on: a) the extensive research done and the positive results obtained support the incorporation of flavanol-rich foods as part of a healthy diet, this is a cost-effective action to ameliorate silent undesirable conditions as it is chronic inflammation; b) the fact that cardiovascular health seems especially sensitive to the beneficial effects of flavanols: based on clinical and mechanistic studies showing that certain flavanols, favor NO production; and c) the increasing technical possibilities to evaluate flavanols in foods and biological samples. Supported by UBACyT 20020120100177, CONICET PIP-20110100752, and ANPCyT PICT 2012/0765.
authors.affiliation: University of Buenos Aires (School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry), Physical Chemistry-IBIMOL, Argentina.
authors.forename: Cesar G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: University of California (Davis), Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oteiza