title: Initial experience of robotic versus laparoscopic colectomy for transverse colon cancer: a matched case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robotic surgery for transverse colon cancer has rarely been described. This study reports our initial experience in robotic resection for transverse colon cancer, by comparing robotic transverse colectomy (RC) to laparoscopic transverse colectomy (LC) in terms of safety, feasibility, short-term outcomes, and the surgeon's psychological stress and physical pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included the first 22 consecutive patients who underwent RC between March 2013 and December 2014 for histologically confirmed transverse colon adenocarcinoma. These patients were compared with 22 matched patients undergoing LC between December 2010 and February 2013. Patients were matched based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor stage, and tumor location (ratio 1:1). Mortality, morbidity, operative, and short-term oncologic outcomes were compared between groups. The operating surgeon's stress and pain were assessed before and after surgery on a 0-100-mm visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The demographic and preoperative characteristics were comparable between RC and LC patients. No group difference was observed for intraoperative complications, blood loss, postoperative pain, time to flatus, time to regular diet, and hospital stay. RC was associated with longer operative time than LC (260 min vs. 225 min; p = 0.014), but the overall operative and robotic time in the RC group decreased over time reflecting the increasing experience in performing this procedure. No conversion to laparotomy was observed in the RC group, while two LC patients were converted due to uncontrolled bleeding and technically difficult middle colic pedicle dissection. Postoperative complications (Dindo-Clavien grade I or II) occurred in 11.3 % of patients with no group difference. Mortality was nil. All resections were R0, with >12 lymph nodes harvested in 90.9 % of RC and 95.5 % of LC patients. The surgeon's stress was not different between RC and LC, whereas the surgeon's hand and neck/shoulder pain were significantly lower after RC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RC for transverse colon cancer appears to be safe and feasible with short-term outcomes comparable to LC.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Digestive, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 51, avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France. nic.deangelis@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de'Angelis
authors.affiliation: Unit of Digestive, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 51, avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France. salah.alghamdi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Salah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alghamdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy. renda@unina.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renda
authors.affiliation: Unit of Digestive, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 51, avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France. daniel.azoulay@hmn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azoulay
authors.affiliation: Unit of Digestive, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 51, avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France. francesco.brunetti@hmn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunetti
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003082:Colectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D044684:Colon, Transverse; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome