title: Structural biology of the import pathways of peroxisomal matrix proteins.
abstract: The peroxisomal proteins (peroxins) that mediate the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins have been identified. Recently, the purification of a functional peroxisomal translocon has been reported. However, the molecular details of the import pathways and the mechanisms by which the cargo is translocated into the lumen of the organelle are still poorly understood. Structural studies have begun to provide insight into molecular mechanisms of peroxisomal import pathways for cargo proteins that harbor peroxisomal targeting signals, PTS1 and PTS2, at their C- and N-termini, respectively. So far structures have been reported for binary or tertiary protein-protein interfaces, and highlight the role of intrinsically disordered regions for these interactions. Here, we provide an overview of the currently available structural biology of peroxisomal import pathways. Current challenges and future perspectives of the structural biology of peroxisomal protein translocation are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr.4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emmanouilidis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr.4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohanraj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gopalswamy
authors.affiliation: EMBL Hamburg, c/o DESY,Building 25A, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Passon
authors.affiliation: EMBL Hamburg, c/o DESY,Building 25A, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany; University of Hamburg, Clinical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilmanns
authors.affiliation: Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr.4, 85747 Garching, Germany. Electronic address: sattler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sattler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D000074437:Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 2 Receptor; D000074435:Peroxisome-Targeting Signal 1 Receptor; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C000614264:PEX5 protein, human; C000614269:PEX7 protein, human; D000074437:Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 2 Receptor; D000074435:Peroxisome-Targeting Signal 1 Receptor; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
keywords: Peroxisomal matrix proteins; Peroxisomal translocon; Peroxisome biogenesis; Pex13; Pex14; Pex5; Pex7; Pts1; Pts2; Structural biology