title: Separate Effects of Intensity and Amount of Exercise on Interindividual Cardiorespiratory Fitness Response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the separate effects of exercise intensity and amount on interindividual cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 121 (75 females, 62%) sedentary, middle-aged (mean [SD] age, 53.2 [7.5] years), abdominally obese adults who completed at least 90% of 5 weekly exercise sessions prescribed over a 24-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to (1) low-amount, low-intensity exercise (LALI) (180 and 300 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of CRF [VO 2peak]; n=39), (2) high-amount, low-intensity exercise (HALI) (360 and 600 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of CRF; n=51), or high-amount, high-intensity exercise (HAHI) (360 and 600 kcal per session for women and men, respectively, at 75% of CRF; n=31). Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a treadmill test at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The study duration was September 1, 2009, through May 31, 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiorespiratory fitness increased within all 3 groups at 24 weeks (P<.001). At 24 weeks, 38.5% (15 of 39), 17.6% (9 of 51), and 0% (0 of 31) of the participants within the LALI, HALI, and HAHI groups, respectively, were CRF nonresponders. At a fixed exercise intensity, increasing exercise amount reduced the rate of nonresponse by 50% (P=.02). At a fixed amount of exercise, increasing the exercise intensity eliminated nonresponse (P=.001). Exposure to exercise decreased the number of CRF nonresponders between 4 and 8 weeks for LALI and by 16 weeks for HALI but plateaued thereafter. For HAHI, the number of CRF nonresponders decreased continually over the 24 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For a fixed amount of exercise, increasing exercise intensity consistent with consensus recommendations eliminated CRF nonresponse. Low-intensity exercise may not be sufficient to improve CRF for a substantial proportion of sedentary obese adults.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: rossr@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Lannoy
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stotz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005082:Physical Exertion; D010809:Physical Fitness; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome