title: The whole body cryostimulation modifies irisin concentration and reduces inflammation in middle aged, obese men.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effect induced by exposure to low temperature might trigger the endocrine function of muscle and fat tissue. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the whole body cryostimulation (CRY) on irisin, a myokine which activates oxygen consumption in fat cells as well as thermogenesis. In addition, the relationship between hepcidin (Hpc) - hormone regulating iron metabolism, and inflammation was studied. A group of middle aged men (n = 12, 38 ± 9 years old, BMI > 30 kg m(-2)) participated in the study. Subjects were exposed to a series of 10 sessions in a cryogenic chamber (once a day at 9:30 am, for 3 min, at temperature -110 °C). Blood samples were collected before the first cryostimulation and after completing the last one. Prior to treatment body composition and fitness level were determined. The applied protocol of cryostimulation lead to rise the blood irisin in obese non-active men (338.8 ± 42.2 vs 407.6 ± 118.5 ng mL(-1)), whereas has no effect in obese active men (371.5 ± 30.0 vs 343.3 ± 47.6 ng mL(-1)). Values recorded 24 h after the last cryo-session correlated significantly with the fat tissue, yet inversely with the skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, we concluded the subcutaneous fat tissue to be the main source of irisin in response to cold exposures. The applied cold treatment reduced the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Hpc concentration confirming its anti-inflammatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Physiotherapy, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dulian
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Physiology, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laskowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sport, Department of Physiology, Trylogii 2/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grzywacz
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Physiology, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kujach
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Damian J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Flis
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of the Theory of Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smaruj
authors.affiliation: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: ziemann.ewann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010809:Physical Fitness; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins
keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness level; Cold; Fat tissue; Hepcidin; Irisin; Iron