title: Vine Nitrogen Status Does Not Have a Direct Impact on 2-Methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine in Grape Berries and Wines.
abstract: Methoxypyrazines (MP) constitute a large family of compounds that contribute to the vegetative varietal aroma of many grapevine varieties and wines. The berry content in 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (IBMP), a major MP reminiscent of green-pepper aroma, can be influenced by environmental factors or cultural practices such as water status or mineral nutrition. To date, no study has investigated a possible direct effect of nitrogen (N) on IBMP synthesis without possible interference from water status and vigor variations. In this study, only vine nitrogen status was significantly different among treatments. Water status was controlled during the season, and vine vigor was similar among treatments. IBMP level was maximal at bunch closure and decreased during the season. There was no significant effect of nitrogen nutrition on this metabolite. Moreover, the expression profiles of VvOMT3 and VvOMT4, key genes in the IBMP biosynthetic pathway, were similar between treatments. This result indicates that when an effect of N on IBMP was found in previous studies, it was likely mediated through the modification of bunch-zone microclimate, induced by the higher vigor of high N-status vines.
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helwi
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Habran
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillaumie
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA4577, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|USC 1366 Œnologie, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thibon
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delrot
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche Œnologie, EA4577, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|USC 1366 Œnologie, INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Darriet
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of the Vine (EGFV), UMR 1287, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) , 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Cornelis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
mesh_terms: D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011719:Pyrazines; D009584:Nitrogen; C034376:2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine
keywords: 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine; IBMP; Vitis; VvOMT; aroma; grape berries; nitrogen; vinifera; wine