title: Gut Transcription in Helicoverpa zea is Dynamically Altered in Response to Baculovirus Infection.
abstract: The Helicoverpa zea transcriptome was analyzed 24 h after H. zea larvae fed on artificial diet laced with Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). Significant differential regulation of 1,139 putative genes (p < 0.05 T-test with Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate) was detected in the gut epithelial tissue; where 63% of these genes were down-regulated and 37% of genes were up-regulated compared to the mock-infected control. Genes that play important roles in digestive physiology were noted as being generally down-regulated. Among these were aminopeptidases, trypsin-like serine proteases, lipases, esterases and serine proteases. Genes related to the immune response reacted in a complex nature having peptidoglycan binding and viral antigen recognition proteins and antiviral pathway systems down-regulated, whereas antimicrobial peptides and prophenoloxidase were up-regulated. In general, detoxification genes, specifically cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase were down-regulated as a result of infection. This report offers the first comparative transcriptomic study of H. zea compared to HzSNPV infected H. zea and provides further groundwork that will lead to a larger understanding of transcriptional perturbations associated with viral infection and the host response to the viral insult in what is likely the most heavily infected tissue in the insect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Waggoner Hall 358, Macomb, IL 61455, USA. jeffrey.noland@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Noland
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Jonathan.Breitenbach@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Breitenbach
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, 1503 S. Providence, Columbia, MO 65203, USA. Holly.Popham@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Holly J R
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Popham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Waggoner Hall 358, Macomb, IL 61455, USA. SM-Hum-Musser@wiu.edu.
authors.forename: Sue M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hum-Musser
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Jena 07745, Germany. hvogel@ice.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Waggoner Hall 358, Macomb, IL 61455, USA. RO-Musser@wiu.edu.
authors.forename: Richard O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Musser
keywords: Helicoverpa zea; HzSNPV; gut epithelium; microarray