title: Interaction of SNP in the CRP gene and plasma fatty acid profile in inflammatory pattern: A cross-sectional population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the interaction of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene and plasma fatty acid (FA) levels in modulating inflammatory profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 262 subjects, aged >19 y and <60 y, participated in a cross-sectional, population-based study performed in Brazil. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1205, rs1417938, and rs2808630) spanning the CRP gene were genotyped. Eleven plasma inflammatory biomarkers and plasma FA profile were determined. Cluster analysis was performed to stratify individuals based on eleven inflammatory biomarkers into two groups: an inflammatory (INF) and a noninflammatory group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The INF cluster had higher age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure; higher levels of triacylglycerol, high-sensitivity CRP, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-10, soluble monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C16:0, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and omega (n)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid; and greater C20:4n-6, C18:1/18:0, and C20:4/20:3 ratios than the noninflammatory group. Statistically significant gene-plasma C16:1n-7 interaction was detected for rs1417938 (P = 0.047). Those with a dominant homozygous rs2808630 had a lower risk of belonging to the INF group with the upper 50th percentile of C20:4n-6, n-3 highly unsaturated FA, and C20:4/20:3 ratio. Regarding rs1205, A allele carriers had lower risk of being in the INF group when C20:5n-3 and n-3 highly unsaturated FA levels were greater than the median.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The INF group exhibited changes in metabolic parameters that predispose this group to chronic disease, where polymorphisms in the CRP gene modulated the risk of being in the INF group depending on individual plasma fatty acid and lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Norde
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio A F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Carioca
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M P
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Inar A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirce M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marchioni
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mmrogero@usp.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rogero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005227:Fatty Acids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: CRP gene polymorphism; Gene-diet interaction; Inflammatory biomarkers; Nutrigenetics; Plasma fatty acid