title: How Do Clinicians Prefer Cultural Competence Training? Findings from the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview Field Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's objective is to analyze training methods clinicians reported as most and least helpful during the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview field trial, reasons why, and associations between demographic characteristics and method preferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used mixed methods to analyze interviews from 75 clinicians in five continents on their training preferences after a standardized training session and clinicians' first administration of the Cultural Formulation Interview. Content analysis identified most and least helpful educational methods by reason. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis compared clinician characteristics to method preferences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most frequently, clinicians named case-based behavioral simulations as "most helpful" and video as "least helpful" training methods. Bivariate and logistic regression models, first unadjusted and then clustered by country, found that each additional year of a clinician's age was associated with a preference for behavioral simulations: OR = 1.05 (95 % CI: 1.01-1.10; p = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most clinicians preferred active behavioral simulations in cultural competence training, and this effect was most pronounced among older clinicians. Effective training may be best accomplished through a combination of reviewing written guidelines, video demonstration, and behavioral simulations. Future work can examine the impact of clinician training satisfaction on patient symptoms and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. aggarwa@nyspi.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Neil Krishan
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Enrico G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mitchell G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Yale University and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Renato D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Parnassia Groep, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.affiliation: Stichting Centrum '45, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rohlof
authors.affiliation: University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ndetei
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scalco
authors.affiliation: University of Californian, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Gaxiola
authors.affiliation: RAMS, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kavoos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bassiri
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: De Evenaar, Center for Transcultural Psychiatry North Netherlands, Beilen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.affiliation: UCL Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sushrut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kirmayer
authors.affiliation: KEM Hospital, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Vasudeo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paralikar
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westermeyer
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vega-Dienstmaier
authors.affiliation: Yale University and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anez
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boiler
authors.affiliation: University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Andel V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Nicasio
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewis-Fernández
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000193:education*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016015:Logistic Models; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education*
keywords: Academic training; Cultural formulation interview; Cultural psychiatry; DSM-5