title: Horizontal Transmission of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).
abstract: Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin are fungi with potential for controlling Musca domestica L. However, the impact on this dipteral may vary depending on the fungal isolates and the methodology used. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of direct application and horizontal transmission of B. bassiana (CG240) and M. anisopliae (CG34) on adult M. domestica individuals. The impact of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on M. domestica was evaluated at the concentrations 2 × 10(4), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(6), and 2 × 10(7) conidia/ml. Horizontal transmission was also estimated between sexes at different infection periods of the vector insect. The mortality of adult M. domestica individuals directly infected with B. bassiana was above 90%, and the mortality of those infected with M. anisopliae ranged from 25.50 to 97.78%. Horizontal transmission of B. bassiana caused the death of 100% of individuals, in turn, that of M. anisopliae killed 55% of male and 100% of female individuals. Horizontal transmission of fungi was negatively influenced by time. This study shows the potential of these fungi for controlling M. domestica, both with the direct implementation strategy and horizontal transmission. However, field studies are needed to evaluate the capacity to decrease the M. domestica population using these alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil. marcial.carcamo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cárcamo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Felchicher
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006793:Houseflies / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology
keywords: autodissemination; biological control; entomopathogenic fungi; epizootic; housefly