title: Innate vs. Adaptive: PD-L1-mediated immune resistance by melanoma.
abstract: Oncogenic driver mutations in several tumor types promote constitutive PD-L1 expression, a crucial ligand in PD-1-mediated tumor immune escape. Our studies in melanoma suggest a different mechanism-one of "adaptive immune resistance" in which PD-L1 expression is primarily driven by cytokine induction and is independent of BRAF mutational status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Baltimore, MD USA ; Department of Dermatology and Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Janis M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Taube
keywords: BRAF; PD-L1; TIL; adaptive immune resistance; melanoma