title: Clinical impact of postprogression survival for overall survival in elderly patients (aged 75 years or older) with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of first-line single-agent chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) might be confounded by subsequent treatments in elderly patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether progression-free survival (PFS), postprogression survival (PPS), or tumor response might be a valid surrogate endpoint for OS in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 58 elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, who received first-line single-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy at our institution between October 2003 and November 2013. The relationships of PFS, PPS, and tumor response with OS were individually analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort included 46 men and 12 women with a median age of 79 years (range: 75-87 years). There were 30 adenocarcinomas, 22 squamous cell carcinomas, and 6 other histologic types with 1 stage IIIA, 9 IIIB, and 48 IV cases. The performance status (PS) scores were 0, 1, and 2 in 18, 35, and 5 patients, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 2.8 and 5.4 months, respectively. Our analyses revealed a strong correlation of PPS and PFS with OS, whereas that between tumor shrinkage and OS was weak. Tumor stage and PS after initial treatment were significantly associated with PPS. Individual analysis indicated that PPS might serve as a surrogate for OS in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first-line single-agent chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that the disease course after progression following first-line single-agent chemotherapy might influence the OS of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomizawa
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomizawa
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaira
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging