title: A screening tool for non-specific low back pain with disability in office workers: a 1-year prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Having a screening tool with reasonable predictive ability is essential in providing information about an individual's risk of developing a disease, allowing an examination to be conducted with limited personnel and time, and selecting the relevant individuals for therapeutic research. This study aimed to produce a screening tool to identify office workers at risk of developing non-specific low back pain (LBP) with disability, and to evaluate the tool's predictive power.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, 615 healthy office workers filled out a self-administered questionnaire and underwent physical examination to gather potential risk factors. The incidence of LBP was collected every month thereafter. Disability level was assessed using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The minimum RMDQ score for categorization as LBP was 3. Logistic regression was used to select significant factors to build a risk score. The coefficients from the logistic regression model were used to develop the components of a screening tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 1-year follow-up, 8.8 % of participants reported incident LBP with disability. The screening tool for non-specific low back pain with disability in office workers comprised two items that contributed to the total score: previous history of LBP and psychological demand (assessed by the Job Content Questionnaire). The score range of the screening tool was 12 to 69. With a cut-off score of 53, the sensitivity was 65 % and the specificity was 68 %. The positive and negative predictive values were 16 and 95 %, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.76.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A screening tool for non-specific low back pain with disability in office workers was developed and appears to have reasonable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. Further validation and impact studies of the screening tool in a new population of office workers are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. prawit.j@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Prawit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janwantanakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. rattaporn.s@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Rattaporn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sihawong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. ek_vorakul@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ekalak
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sitthipornvorakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. pui1970_9@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Arpalak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paksaichol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult