title: The fMRI BOLD response to unisensory and multisensory smoking cues in nicotine-dependent adults.
abstract: Given that the vast majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of drug cue reactivity use unisensory visual cues, but that multisensory cues may elicit greater craving-related brain responses, the current study sought to compare the fMRI BOLD response to unisensory visual and multisensory, visual plus odor, smoking cues in 17 nicotine-dependent adult cigarette smokers. Brain activation to smoking-related, compared to neutral, pictures was assessed under cigarette smoke and odorless odor conditions. While smoking pictures elicited a pattern of activation consistent with the addiction literature, the multisensory (odor+picture) smoking cues elicited significantly greater and more widespread activation in mainly frontal and temporal regions. BOLD signal elicited by the multisensory, but not unisensory cues, was significantly related to participants' level of control over craving as well. Results demonstrated that the co-presentation of cigarette smoke odor with smoking-related visual cues, compared to the visual cues alone, elicited greater levels of craving-related brain activation in key regions implicated in reward. These preliminary findings support future research aimed at a better understanding of multisensory integration of drug cues and craving.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Electronic address: corteseb@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Bernadette M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Uhde
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: F Joseph
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: McClernon
authors.affiliation: Center for NMR Research, Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Qing X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Heather R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: LeMatty
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hartwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D066249:Craving; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Craving; Cue-reactivity; Neuroimaging; Odors; Smoking; Tobacco dependence