title: Influences of diurnal sampling bias on fixed-point monitoring of plankton biodiversity determined using a massively parallel sequencing-based technique.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the influence of diurnal sampling bias on the community structure of plankton by comparing the biodiversity among seawater samples (n=9) obtained every 3h for 24h by using massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based plankton monitoring at a fixed point conducted at Himedo seaport in Yatsushiro Sea, Japan. The number of raw operational taxonomy units (OTUs) and OTUs after re-sampling was 507-658 (558 ± 104, mean ± standard deviation) and 448-544 (467 ± 81), respectively, indicating high plankton biodiversity at the sampling location. The relative abundance of the top 20 OTUs in the samples from Himedo seaport was 48.8-67.7% (58.0 ± 5.8%), and the highest-ranked OTU was Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyta) with a relative abundance of 17.3-39.2%, followed by Oithona sp. 1 and Oithona sp. 2 (Arthropoda). During seawater sampling, the semidiurnal tidal current having an amplitude of 0.3ms(-1) was dominant, and the westward residual current driven by the northeasterly wind was continuously observed during the 24-h monitoring. Therefore, the relative abundance of plankton species apparently fluctuated among the samples, but no significant difference was noted according to G-test (p>0.05). Significant differences were observed between the samples obtained from a different locality (Kusuura in Yatsushiro Sea) and at different dates, suggesting that the influence of diurnal sampling bias on plankton diversity, determined using the MPS-based survey, was not significant and acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan. Electronic address: snagai@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: AXIOHELIX Co. Ltd., 5-11 Hakozaki, Nihonbashi, Chuouku 103-0015, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohsuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.affiliation: AXIOHELIX Co. Ltd., 5-11 Hakozaki, Nihonbashi, Chuouku 103-0015, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urushizaki
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Ohno, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Goh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoshige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuike
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: Atushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Kumamoto Prefectural Fisheries Research Center, 2450-2 Naka, Oyamano, Kamiamakusa, Kumamoto 869-3603, Japan.
authors.forename: Seisuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajimi
authors.affiliation: Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gojobori
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ototake
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater
chemical_list: D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
keywords: Diurnal sampling; MPS-based method; Metagenome; Operational taxonomic units; Plankton biodiversity; Yatsushiro Sea