title: Covalent immobilization of lysozyme onto woven and knitted crimped polyethylene terephthalate grafts to minimize the adhesion of broad spectrum pathogens.
abstract: Graft-associated infections entirely determine the short-term patency of polyethylene terephthalate PET cardiovascular graft. We attempted to enzymatically inhibit the initial bacterial adhesion to PET grafts using lysozyme. Lysozyme was covalently immobilized onto woven and knitted forms of crimped PET grafts by the end-point method. Our figures of merit revealed lysozyme immobilization yield of 15.7 μg/cm(2), as determined by the Bradford assay. The activity of immobilized lysozyme on woven and knitted PET manifested 58.4% and 55.87% using Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells, respectively. Noteworthy, the adhesion of vein catheter-isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis decreased by 6- to 8-folds and of Staphylococcus aureus by 11- to 12-folds, while the Gram-negative Escherichia coli showed only a decrease by 3- to 4-folds. The anti-adhesion efficiency was specific for bacterial cells and no significant effect was observed on adhesion and growth of L929 cells. In conclusion, immobilization of lysozyme onto PET grafts can inhibit the graft-associated infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Marburg University, Ketzerbach 63, 35037 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: almeslmanib@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Bassam M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Al Meslmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Marburg University, Ketzerbach 63, 35037 Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mahmoudg@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Gihan F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Electronic address: Thomas.Leichtweiss@phys.Chemie.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leichtweiß
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Marburg University, Ketzerbach 63, 35037 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: strehlo4@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strehlow
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Marburg University, Hans Meerwein Str 2, 35032 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: sommerf@med.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Frank O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Marburg University, Hans Meerwein Str 2, 35032 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: lohoff@med.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lohoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Marburg University, Ketzerbach 63, 35037 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: ubakowsky@aol.com.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bakowsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Bacterial adhesion; Biocompatibility; Biofilm; Crimped cardiovascular PET grafts; Lysozyme