title: Recent advances in recombinant protein-based malaria vaccines.
abstract: Plasmodium parasites are the causative agent of human malaria, and the development of a highly effective vaccine against infection, disease and transmission remains a key priority. It is widely established that multiple stages of the parasite's complex lifecycle within the human host and mosquito vector are susceptible to vaccine-induced antibodies. The mainstay approach to antibody induction by subunit vaccination has been the delivery of protein antigen formulated in adjuvant. Extensive efforts have been made in this endeavor with respect to malaria vaccine development, especially with regard to target antigen discovery, protein expression platforms, adjuvant testing, and development of soluble and virus-like particle (VLP) delivery platforms. The breadth of approaches to protein-based vaccines is continuing to expand as innovative new concepts in next-generation subunit design are explored, with the prospects for the development of a highly effective multi-component/multi-stage/multi-antigen formulation seeming ever more likely. This review will focus on recent progress in protein vaccine design, development and/or clinical testing for a number of leading malaria antigens from the sporozoite-, merozoite- and sexual-stages of the parasite's lifecycle-including PfCelTOS, PfMSP1, PfAMA1, PfRH5, PfSERA5, PfGLURP, PfMSP3, Pfs48/45 and Pfs25. Future prospects and challenges for the development, production, human delivery and assessment of protein-based malaria vaccines are discussed.
authors.affiliation: The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. Electronic address: simon.draper@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.affiliation: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, U. S. Military Malaria Research Program, Malaria Vaccine Branch, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angov
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 561-873, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.affiliation: Malaria Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Louis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Malaria Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.affiliation: The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors.forename: Sumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000517:prevention & control; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D034101:Sporozoites / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
keywords: Adjuvant; Antibody; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Recombinant protein; Vaccine