title: The -2549 insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of the VEGFA gene in couples with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is crucial for normal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during pregnancy, and alterations in the VEGFA gene expression were detected in women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (IRSA) and spontaneously aborted conceptuses. Our aim was to evaluate whether there is an association between the functional -2549 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the promoter region of the VEGFA gene and IRSA in reproductive couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study involving 149 women and their 140 partners with three or more IRSA and 149 control women and men. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no association of the -2549 I/D polymorphism with IRSA in women. However, men with the DD genotype have a 1.75-fold increased risk of IRSA compared with men carrying the ID and II genotypes (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-2.93, P = 0.032). In addition, the D allele in men contributes to a 1.42-fold increased risk of IRSA (95 % CI = 1.02-1.97, P = 0.036) compared to men carrying the I allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the -2549 I/D polymorphism in the VEGFA gene in men might be associated with IRSA. Additional genetic association studies including both partners, as well as expression studies, are needed to elucidate the role of this polymorphism in IRSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia. sasa.ostojic@medri.uniri.hr.
authors.forename: Saša
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostojić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Anamarija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smirčić
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Alenka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodžić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Miljenko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapović
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Borut
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peterlin
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017524:Slovenia; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Genetic polymorphism; Pregnancy; Recurrent spontaneous abortion; Vascular endothelial growth factor A