title: At which geographic scale does ethnic diversity affect intra-neighborhood social capital?
abstract: The claim that ethnic diversity within the living environment would hamper bonding and bridging social capital has been studied extensively, producing highly inconsistent findings. We studied whether ethnic diversity effects depend on the geographic scale at which ethnic diversity is measured. We examined ethnic diversity effects on intra- and inter-ethnic contacts in the neighborhood, respectively on opposition to ethnic in- and out-group neighbors. Hypotheses were derived from Blau's meeting opportunities thesis and contact theory, ethnic competition theory, and constrict theory. Using information about 2545 Dutch respondents with their locality defined as egohoods and administrative units, we found that ethnic diversity effects vary with the geographic scale. Ethnic diversity of smaller localities is positively associated with bridging social capital. At larger scales, the findings are mixed: ethnic diversity is positively related to inter-ethnic contacts and opposition to out-group neighbors. Ethnic diversity of smaller localities is negatively related to bonding social capital. In contrast to often-made claims that diversity within the local context would matter most, estimates of diversity effects are not always stronger when diversity measures are aggregated to smaller geographic areas.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.sluiter@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.tolsma@maw.ru.nl.
authors.forename: Jochem
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tolsma
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: p.scheepers@maw.ru.nl.
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheepers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012107:Research Design; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012919:Social Behavior; D066270:Social Capital; D063508:Social Discrimination; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Egocentric neighborhoods; Ethnic diversity; Social capital