title: Identifying alterations in metabolic profiles of dairy cows over the past two decades in Japan using principal component analysis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic changes that have occurred in Holstein-Friesian cows in Japan over the past 2 decades, based on long-term metabolic profiles. From 1987 to 2004, metabolic profile tests were conducted in 1,700 dairy herds containing ~50,000 cows. The cows were divided into 5 lactation stage groups: early (calving to 49 d in milk, DIM), peak (50-109 DIM), mid (110-209 DIM), and late (210 to dry-off) lactation and the dry period. Principal component analysis was applied to the metabolic profiles at each lactation stage separately to investigate changes in metabolic profiles across the multiyear periods 1987-1992, 1993-1998, and 1999-2004. We determined that cows have probably experienced increasing negative energy balance, energy deficiency, and liver dysfunction during the past 2 decades in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Global Agro-Medicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayano
authors.affiliation: Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: kidak@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D055442:Metabolome; D008892:Milk; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
keywords: blood enzyme; blood metabolite; energy balance; liver dysfunction