title: Simultaneous detection of fluquinconazole and flusilazole in lettuce using gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector: decline patterns at two different locations.
abstract: Method validations in addition to decline patterns of fluquinconazole and flusilazole in lettuce grown under greenhouse conditions at two different locations were investigated. Following the application of fluquinconazole and flusilazole at a dose rate of 20 mL/20 L water, lettuce samples were collected randomly for up to 7 days post-application, and simultaneously extracted with acetone, purified through solid-phase extraction, analyzed via gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector, and confirmed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The linearity was excellent, with determination coefficients (R(2) ) between 0.9999 and 1.0. The method was validated in triplicate at two different spiking levels (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg) with satisfactory recoveries between 75.7 and 97.9% and relative standard deviations of <9. The limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg. Both analytes declined very quickly, as can be seen from the short half-life time of <4 days. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between residues at different days of sampling, except at 7 days post-application (triple application). At that point, the decline patterns of fluquinconazole and flusilazole were independent of application rate, location, temperature and humidity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Humayun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Waziha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Farha
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Truong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da-I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 560-500, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geon-Jae
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 560-500, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Myeong
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000032:analysis*; D012821:Silanes / Q000032:analysis*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D052999:Quinazolinones; D012821:Silanes; D014230:Triazoles; C587323:fluquinconazole; C061365:flusilazole
keywords: GC-NPD; decline pattern; fluquinconazole; flusilazole; half-life; lettuce; residue