title: Comparison of N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, and normal saline effect in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considering the crucial role of appropriate preventative strategies in reducing the rate of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) occurrence and its related morbidity and mortality, the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid (AA), and normal saline (NS) was investigated in the patient's undergone coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical trial, 120 patients scheduled for elective coronary angiography with serum creatinine (Cr) level > 1.5 mg/dl or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 selected by convenience method. Selected patients were allocated in three treatment groups randomly to receive oral NAC (600 mg/twice daily) plus NS (100 ml/hour) (Group A), oral AA (250 mg/twice daily) plus NS (100 ml/hour) (Group B) and NS (100 ml/hour) (Group C), respectively. The occurrence of CIN was evaluated based on serum Cr and GFR in three studied groups, before and after angiography procedure. The analysis of variance and paired t-test were used for data analysis by SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum Cr increased and GFR decreased significantly during the intervention in three groups (P < 0.010). However, the amounts of these changes were equal between groups (P > 0.050).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that nor the addition of NAC neither the addition of AA to sodium chloride infusion has more beneficial effect than hydration with sodium chloride, in the prevention of CIN.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Arsalan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khaledifar
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.affiliation: Internist, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Amrollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Clinical Biochemistry Research Center AND Department of Biostatic, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Soleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kheiri
authors.affiliation: General Practitioner, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
keywords: Ascorbic Acid; Contrast Media; N-Acetylcysteine; Sodium Chloride Solution