title: A Single Primary Site Obstruction May Lead to Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Multiple Sites: An Animal Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the dynamic upper airway changes occurring in an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) rabbit model using dynamic computerized tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 2.5 U of botulinum toxin type A was injected into the genioglossus to paralyze the tongue in the OSA group (n = 7). The control group was injected with normal saline (n = 7). Apnea-hypopnea index was measured using ApneaLink at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-injection. Anterior to posterior (AP) and transverse diameters at the levels of the palate and tongue base were measured using a dynamic CT at baseline and at 1 and 2 weeks post-injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate of OSA induction was higher in the OSA group (P = .02). In the OSA group, transverse and AP diameters at the palate level and AP diameter at the tongue base level significantly decreased 2 weeks post-injection (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single obstruction site may constitute the primary pathogenesis in some OSA patients, even when the involvement of multiple sites is indicated. These findings may contribute to the identification of OSA pathogenesis and improve the planning of treatment based on the primary cause of OSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Chae-Seo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea kimemail@snu.ac.kr kimemail@snubh.org kimemail@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jeong-Whun
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D010159:Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014059:Tongue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: animal model; dynamic computerized tomography; obstructive sleep apnea; upper airway