title: Amelioration of arsenic toxicity in rice: Comparative effect of inoculation of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. on growth, biochemical changes and arsenic uptake.
abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Triguna) by inoculating alga; Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochlropsis sp. supplemented with As(III) (50µM) under hydroponics condition. Results showed that reduced growth variables and protein content in rice plant caused by As toxicity were restored in the algae inoculated plants after 7d of treatment. The rice plant inoculated with Nannochloropsis sp. exhibited a better response in terms of increased root, shoot length and biomass than C. vulgaris under As(III) treatment. A significant reduction in cellular toxicity (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, APX and GR) activities were observed in algae inoculated rice plant under As(III) treatment in comparison to uninoculated rice. In addition, rice treated with As(III), accumulated 35.05mgkg(-1)dw arsenic in the root and 29.96mgkg(-1)dw in the shoot. However, lower accumulation was observed in As(III) treated rice inoculated with C. vulgaris (24.09mg kg(-1)dw) and Nannochloropsis sp. (20.66mgkg(-1)dw) in the roots, while in shoot, it was 20.10mgkg(-1)dw and 11.67mgkg(-1)dw, respectively. Results demonstrated that application of these algal inoculum ameliorates toxicity and improved tolerance in rice through reduced As uptake and modulating antioxidant enzymes. Thus, application of algae could provide a low-cost and eco-friendly mitigation approach to reduce accumulation of arsenic in edible part of rice as well as higher yield in the As contaminated agricultural field.
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India. Electronic address: rai_un@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: U N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Rai
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D018527:Hydroponics; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D058009:Stramenopiles; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Antioxidant enzyme; As(III); Chlorella vulgaris; Nannochloropsis sp.; Rice