title: A High Percentage of Beef Bull Pictures in Semen Catalogues Have Feet and Lower Legs that Are Not Visible.
abstract: A total of 1379 beef bull pictures were surveyed to determine visibility of feet and legs from four American semen company websites. Five different breeds were represented: Angus, Red Angus, Hereford (polled and horned), Simmental, and Charolais. In addition to visibility, data on other variables were collected to establish frequencies and correlations. These included breed, color, material that obscured visibility, such as grass, picture taken at livestock show or outside, semen company, photographer, video, and age of bull. A foot and leg visibility score was given to each bull picture. Only 19.4% of the pictures had fully visible feet and legs. Both the hooves and dewclaws were hidden on 32.5% of the pictures. Correlation between bull's birthdate and the first four visibility scores was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). As age increased the feet and legs were more likely to be visible in the bull's picture. This may possibly be due to greater availability of both photo editing software and digital photography. One positive finding was that 6% of the bulls had a video of the bull walking which completely showed his feet and legs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 W. Pitkin St., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. mkfranks606@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcy K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 W. Pitkin St., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. cheryl.miller@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Temple
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grandin
keywords: bulls; cattle; hoof; leg conformation; post-legged; semen catalogue