title: Organophosphorous flame retardants in biota from Svalbard, Norway.
abstract: Eight arctic species, including fish, birds and mammals, from diverse habitats (marine and terrestrial) within the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, were screened for 14 organophosphorus flame retardant (PFR) compounds. Ten PFRs were detected: tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP); 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP); tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBOEP); tritolyl phosphate (TCrP); triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP); tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP); and butyl diphenyl phosphate (DPhBP). The greatest number of different PFR compounds, and the highest detection frequency were measured in capelin (Mallotus villotus), and the lowest in Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia). The highest concentrations of ΣPFR, as well as the highest concentration of a single PFR compound, TBOEP, were measured in arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). The presence of PFR compounds in arctic biota indicates that these compounds can undergo long-range transport and are, to some degree, persistent and bioaccumulated. The potential for biomagnification from fish to higher trophic levels seems to be limited.
authors.affiliation: UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: ingeborg.g.hallanger@uit.no.
authors.forename: Ingeborg G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Hallanger
authors.affiliation: Akvalan-niva, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: kjetil.sagerup@akvaplan.niva.no.
authors.forename: Kjetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sagerup
authors.affiliation: UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Akvalan-niva, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: anita.evenset@akvaplan.niva.no.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evenset
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: kit.kovacs@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Kit M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: pim.leonards@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonards
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: eva.fuglei@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuglei
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: heli.routti@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Routti
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: jon.aars@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aars
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: hallvard.strom@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Hallvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strøm
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: christian.lydersen@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lydersen
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Postboks 6606, 9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: geir.wing.gabrielsen@npolar.no.
authors.forename: Geir Wing
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gabrielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058448:Biota; D001717:Birds; D017753:Ecosystem; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D020387:Food Chain; D008322:Mammals; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013538:Svalbard; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005445:triphenyl phosphate
keywords: Arctic; Arctic fox; Capelin; PFR; Polar bear; Seal