title: Expanding the toolbox of ADHD genetics. How can we make sense of parent of origin effects in ADHD and related behavioral phenotypes?
abstract: Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have shown that many different genetic variants cumulatively contribute to the risk of psychiatric disorders. It has also been demonstrated that various parent-of-origin effects (POE) may differentially influence the risk of these disorders. Together, these observations have provided important new possibilities to uncover the genetic underpinnings of such complex phenotypes. As POE so far have received little attention in neuropsychiatric disorders, there is still much progress to be made. Here, we mainly focus on the new and emerging role of POE in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We review the current evidence that POE play an imperative role in vulnerability to ADHD and related disorders. We also discuss how POE can be assessed using statistical genetics tools, expanding the resources of modern psychiatric genetics. We propose that better comprehension and inspection of POE may offer new insight into the molecular basis of ADHD and related phenotypes, as well as the potential for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. zajtat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tetyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zayats
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Stefan.johansson@uib.no.|Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Stefan.johansson@uib.no.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. jan.haavik@uib.no.|Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. jan.haavik@uib.no.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haavik
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000068097:Maternal Health; D010290:Parents; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*