title: Comparison of 1% cyclosporine eye drops in olive oil and in linseed oil to treat experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of topical 1% cyclosporine eye drops diluted in either of the two vehicles-olive and linseed oil-and that of the oils themselves in treating experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  KCS was induced in 25 New Zealand rabbits using 1% atropine sulfate eye drops for 7 days before treatment and throughout the treatment period (12 weeks). The rabbits were divided into five groups: one control (C) group without KCS induction and four treatment groups in which KCS was induced and treated topically with olive oil (O), linseed oil (L), cyclosporine in olive oil (CO), and cyclosporine in linseed oil (CL). The animals were evaluated using Schirmer tear test 1 (STT), the fluorescein test (FT), tear-film break-up time (TBUT), the rose bengal test (RBT), and histopathological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values of STT and TBUT significantly decreased 1 week post-induction (p<0.05) and were similar to initial values after the 4th week of treatment, in all groups. After KCS induction, there was significantly less corneal damage in group L than in group CL, as assessed FT and RBT. Histopathology demonstrated that Groups L and CL presented less edema and corneal congestion. There was no significant difference in the goblet cell density (cells/mm2) between the groups (p=0.147).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclosporine diluted in olive oil or linseed oil was effective in the treatment of KCS, although it had better efficacy when diluted in linseed oil. Linseed oil presented better effectiveness, whether associated or not, than olive oil. These results may contribute to the creation of novel topical ophthalmic formulations for KCS treatment in future.
authors.affiliation: Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Leticia Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Parrilha
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Gisele Alborghetti
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Rafael Cabral
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Leticia Dias Fabris
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Ricardo Henrique Zaquir
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Danielle Alves
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Mariele Catherine Alves
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Miriely Stein
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, BR.
authors.forename: Silvia Franco
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000818:Animals; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019793:Fluorescein; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007638:Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069463:Olive Oil; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D008043:Linseed Oil; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019793:Fluorescein