title: Supplementation with imuno-2865® in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758): Effects on hematological and antioxidant parameters.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IMUNO-2865(®) on hematological and antioxidative parameters in sea bream. Total of 640 sea bream were fed with diets containing 0 (Group 1), 1 (Group 2), 10 (Group 3) and 25 (Group 4) g of IMUNO-2865(®) kg(-1) feed during 90 days. Samples were taken each month and three months after the supplementation. A significant heterophils increase was observed in group 4 compared to group 1 after two months, and an increase in monocytes number was observed in group 4 compared to the other groups after one month. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were significantly increased in groups 3 and 4 compared to the control group three months into the experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased in group 4 compared to the control group from day 60 until the end of the experiment, and in groups 2 and 3 compared to the control after three months. Based on the differences in the cellular immunity and oxidative stress parameters, with an overall absence of mortality, the results of this study suggest that the use of IMUNO-2865(®) in aquaculture is safe and possess a cumulative immunostimulatory effect on sea bream.
authors.affiliation: University of Zadar, Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, Zadar, 23000, Croatia. Electronic address: zupan@unizd.hr.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Župan
authors.affiliation: Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tkalčić
authors.affiliation: University of Zadar, Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, Zadar, 23000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Šarić
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Ichthyopathology - Biological Materials, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Rozalindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Čož-Rakovac
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Ichthyopathology - Biological Materials, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivančica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Strunjak-Perović
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Ichthyopathology - Biological Materials, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Natalija
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Topić-Popović
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Matko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kardum
authors.affiliation: WWF Adria, World Wide Fund for Nature, Kranjčevićeva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Danijel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanski
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Diseases Clinic, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Blanka Beer
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Ljubić
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Diseases Clinic, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matijatko
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poljičak-Milas
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Arabinoxylan; IMUNO-2865(®); Mediterranean aquaculture; Sea bream; β-glucans