title: Bone and skeletal muscle: Key players in mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms.
abstract: The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone mass is critical for movement, health and issues associated with the quality of life. Skeletal muscle and bone mass are regulated by a variety of factors that include changes in mechanical loading. Moreover, bone mass is, in large part, regulated by muscle-derived mechanical forces and thus by changes in muscle mass/strength. A thorough understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for mechanotransduction in bone and skeletal muscle is essential for the development of effective exercise and pharmaceutical strategies aimed at increasing, and/or preventing the loss of, mass in these tissues. Thus, in this review we will attempt to summarize the current evidence for the major molecular mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle and bone. By examining the differences and similarities in mechanotransduction between these two tissues, it is hoped that this review will stimulate new insights and ideas for future research and promote collaboration between bone and muscle biologists.(1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: craig.goodman@vu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Troy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hornberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Robling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Bone mineral density; Growth; Hypertrophy; Mechanical loading; mTORC1