title: Distribution and risk assessment of 82 pesticides in Jiulong River and estuary in South China.
abstract: To discover the distribution and risk of pesticides in Jiulong River and estuary, the residues of 102 pesticides were analyzed in water, sediment and clam samples collected from 35 sites in different seasons. A total number of 82 pesticides were detected and the occurrence and the risk to human and fish were assessed. Most of pesticides with high frequency were medium or low toxic except for DDTs. DDTs were the significant contaminant and the widely used dicofol was the new source of DDTs. The spatial and seasonal variation of pesticide distribution was linked with the distribution of orchards and farmlands. Health risk from river water consumption was low (RQ < 0.1) while that from clam consumption was medium (RQ = 0.84). Pesticides in water posed great risk to fish and among the 76 water samples analyzed, 65 of them showed high risk (RQ > 1) and 6 showed medium risk (0.1 ≤ QR < 1). The single chemical posed high risk to fish included DDTs, triazophos, fenvalerate, bifenthrin and cyfluthrin, and those showed medium risk included dicofol, butachlor, isocarbophos, terbufos and cyhalothrin. There were 14 single pesticides detected with concentration above 100 ng L(-1) in this study and the pesticide with the highest concentration was procymidone (3904 ng L(-1)). Further experiments illustrated that procymidone could disrupt the expression of vitellogenin in the estuarine fish even at environmental concentrations. DDTs, dicofol, triazophos, isocarbophos, terbufos, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, butachlor and procymidone have become the significant pesticides and should be considered in aquatic ecosystem risk management.
authors.affiliation: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China. Electronic address: zhengsenlin@msn.com.
authors.forename: Senllin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, 182 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xingguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D005399:Fishes / Q000254:growth & development; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Endocrine disruption; Estuary; Jiulong River; Pesticides; Risk assessment