title: Does 8 weeks of strenuous bicycle exercise improve diabetes-related inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids in type 2 diabetes patients and individuals at high-risk of metabolic syndrome?
abstract: In the present study, the effects of 8 weeks of low volume high intensity interval training (HIIT) was investigated on circulating diabetes-related cytokines and free fatty acids (FFA) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and matched controls (CON).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants exercised for 8 weeks (3 weekly sessions: 10 × 60 sec HIIT) on a cycle ergometer supervised by medical staff. Prior to the intervention and after the last HIIT session, venous blood samples were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating omentin-1 concentrations increased significantly in both the CON-group (p = 0.003) and in the T2D-group (p = 0.002). Pentraxin-3 (p = 0.010) and IL-1ra (p = 0.031) levels increased significantly in the CON-group. Plasma FFA in the T2D-group was significantly reduced after 60 min (p = 0.011). Post HIIT area under curve of circulating FFAs was reduced by -17.73 ± 6.99% (p = 0.041) in the T2D-group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed only modest exercise-induced improvements of multiple diabetes-related cytokines. Circulating levels of FFAs were significantly lowered in the T2D-group.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus C , Denmark and.
authors.forename: Søren Møller
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus C , Denmark and.
authors.forename: Anne Cathrine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Thorup
authors.affiliation: b The Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University , Denmark .
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bjerre
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus C , Denmark and.
authors.forename: Per Bendix
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D001642:Bicycling; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
keywords: Free fatty acids and high intensity interval training; inflammation; metabolic syndrome; type 2 diabetes