title: Medicines availability at a Swaziland hospital and impact on patients.
abstract: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries is increasing. Where patients are expected to make increased out-of-pocket payments this can lead to treatment interruptions or non-adherence. Swaziland is no exception in this regard.
  
  
  
  The aim of the study was to investigate the availability of medicines for NCDs in a hospital and the impact of out-of-pocket spending by patients for medicines not available at the hospital.
  
  
  
  The study was conducted at Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland.
  
  
  
  Exit interviews to assess availability of a selected basket of medicines were conducted with 300 patients diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension or asthma. The stock status record of a basket of medicines for these conditions in 2012 was assessed at the Central Medical Stores. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0.
  
  
  
  Most of the patients (n = 213; 71%) confirmed not receiving all of their prescribed medicines at each visit to the hospital in the past six months. On average patients spent 10–50 times more on their medicines at private pharmacies compared to user fees in the health facility. Stock-outs at the Central Medical Stores ranging from 30 days to over 180 days were recorded during the course of the assessment period (12 months), and were found to contribute to inconsistent availability of medicines in the health facility.
  
  
  
  Out-of-pocket expenditure is common for patients with chronic conditions using this health facility, which suggests the possibility of patients defaulting on treatment due to lack of affordability.
authors.forename: Kholiwe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shabangu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal. sulemanf@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suleman
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013541:Eswatini; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010361:Patients; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D036301:Qualitative Research
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs