title: Acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy.
abstract: Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CN) is one of the most challenging foot complications in diabetes. Common predisposing and precipitating factors include neuropathy and increased mechanical forces, fracture and bone resorption, trauma and inflammation. In the last 15 years, considerable progress has been made in the early recognition of the acute Charcot foot when the X ray is still negative (stage 0 or incipient Charcot foot). Recent advances in imaging modalities have enabled the detection of initial signs of inflammation and underlying bone damage before overt bone and joint destruction has occurred. Casting therapy remains the mainstay of medical therapy of acute CN. If timely instituted, offloading can arrest disease activity and prevent foot deformity. In cases with severe deformity, modern surgical techniques can correct the unstable deformity for improved functional outcome and limb survival. Emerging new studies into the cellular mechanisms of severe bone destruction have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of pathological bone and joint destruction in CN. It is hoped that these studies may provide a scientific basis for new interventions with biological agents.
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: N L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6937-6565
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Edmonds
mesh_terms: D001177:Arthropathy, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000639:trends; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D035703:Therapies, Investigational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents
keywords: Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy; casting therapy; diabetes; magnetic resonance imaging; osteoclastic activity; reconstructive surgery