title: Acute Carnosine Administration Increases Respiratory Chain Complexes and Citric Acid Cycle Enzyme Activities in Cerebral Cortex of Young Rats.
abstract: Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an imidazole dipeptide synthesized in excitable tissues of many animals, whose biochemical properties include carbonyl scavenger, anti-oxidant, bivalent metal ion chelator, proton buffer, and immunomodulating agent, although its precise physiological role(s) in skeletal muscle and brain tissues in vivo remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effects of acute carnosine administration on various aspects of brain bioenergetics of young Wistar rats. The activity of mitochondrial enzymes in cerebral cortex was assessed using a spectrophotometer, and it was found that there was an increase in the activities of complexes I-III and II-III and succinate dehydrogenase in carnosine-treated rats, as compared to vehicle-treated animals. However, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) data on mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (Ppargc1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam)) were not altered significantly and therefore suggest that short-term carnosine administration does not affect mitochondrial biogenesis. It was in agreement with the finding that immunocontent of respiratory chain complexes was not altered in animals receiving carnosine. These observations indicate that acute carnosine administration increases the respiratory chain and citric acid cycle enzyme activities in cerebral cortex of young rats, substantiating, at least in part, a neuroprotector effect assigned to carnosine against oxidative-driven disorders.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Levy W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: José H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cararo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soliany G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Maravai
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioenergética, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanna M T
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guerra Martinez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurtenbach
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hipkiss
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioenergética, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Schuck
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioenergética, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. gustavo.ferreira@bioqmed.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Gustavo C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2892-8842
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002336:Carnosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology*; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002336:Carnosine
keywords: Bioenergetics; Electron transfer chain; Imidazole dipeptides; Neuroprotection