title: The association between soya consumption and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in the Adventist Health Study-2.
abstract: Consumers may choose soya foods as healthful alternatives to animal products, but concern has arisen that eating large amounts of soya may adversely affect thyroid function. The present study aimed to examine the association between soya food consumption and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in North American churchgoers belonging to the Seventh-day Adventist denomination that encourages vegetarianism.
  
  
  
  Participants completed six repeated 24 h dietary recalls within a 6-month period. Soya protein and soya isoflavone intakes were estimated, and their relationships to TSH concentrations measured at the end of 6 months were calculated using logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  
  Calibration sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2.
  
  
  
  Women (n 548) and men (n 295) who were not taking thyroid medications.
  
  
  
  In men, age and urinary iodine concentrations were associated with high serum TSH concentrations (>5 mIU/l), while among women White ethnicity was associated with high TSH. In multivariate models adjusted for age, ethnicity and urinary iodine, soya isoflavone and protein intakes were not associated with high TSH in men. In women higher soya isoflavone consumption was associated with higher TSH, with an adjusted odds ratio (highest v. lowest quintile) of 4·17 (95 % CI 1·73, 10·06). Likewise, women with high consumption of soya protein (midpoint of highest quintile, 11 g/d) v. low consumption (midpoint of lowest quintile, 0 g/d) carried increased odds of high TSH (OR=2·69; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·30).
  
  
  
  In women high consumption of soya was associated with elevated TSH concentrations. No associations between soya intake and TSH were found in men.
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Nutrition,Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention,School of Public Health,Loma Linda University,24951 N Circle Drive,Nichol Hall Room 1519,Loma Linda,CA 92354,USA.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonstad
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Nutrition,Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention,School of Public Health,Loma Linda University,24951 N Circle Drive,Nichol Hall Room 1519,Loma Linda,CA 92354,USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaceldo-Siegl
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Nutrition,Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention,School of Public Health,Loma Linda University,24951 N Circle Drive,Nichol Hall Room 1519,Loma Linda,CA 92354,USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.affiliation: 1Center for Nutrition,Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention,School of Public Health,Loma Linda University,24951 N Circle Drive,Nichol Hall Room 1519,Loma Linda,CA 92354,USA.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Cardiology,School of Medicine,Loma Linda University,Loma Linda,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013025:Glycine max; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D007455:Iodine
keywords: Diet; Isoflavones; Protein; Seventh-day Adventist; Soya; Thyroid-stimulating hormone