title: More than just someone to inject drugs with: Injecting within primary injection partnerships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown intimate injection partners engage in higher rates of syringe and injecting equipment sharing. We examined the drug use context and development of injection drug use behaviors within intimate injection partnerships.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth interviews (n=18) were conducted with both members of nine injecting partnerships in Sydney, Australia. Content analysis identified key domains related to the reasons for injecting with a primary injection partner and development of drug injection patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most partnerships (n=5) were also sexual; three were blood-relatives and one a friend dyad. The main drug injected was heroin (66%) with high rates of recent sharing behaviors (88%) reported within dyads. Injecting within a primary injection partnership provided perceived protection against overdose events, helped reduce stress, increased control over when, where, and how drugs were used, and promoted the development of an injecting pattern where responsibilities could be shared. Unique to injecting within primary injection partnerships was the social connection and companionship resulted in a feeling of fulfillment while also blinding one from recognizing risky behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings illuminated the tension between protection and risks within primary injection partnerships. Primary injection partnerships provide a potential platform to expand risk reduction strategies.
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Meghan.Morris@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Meghan D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Dyad; Hepatitis C virus; Injection drug use; Injection partnership; Syringe sharing