title: Early-life stress origins of gastrointestinal disease: animal models, intestinal pathophysiology, and translational implications.
abstract: Early-life stress and adversity are major risk factors in the onset and severity of gastrointestinal (GI) disease in humans later in life. The mechanisms by which early-life stress leads to increased GI disease susceptibility in adult life remain poorly understood. Animal models of early-life stress have provided a foundation from which to gain a more fundamental understanding of this important GI disease paradigm. This review focuses on animal models of early-life stress-induced GI disease, with a specific emphasis on translational aspects of each model to specific human GI disease states. Early postnatal development of major GI systems and the consequences of stress on their development are discussed in detail. Relevant translational differences between species and models are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Calvin S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Medland
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and moeserad@cvm.msu.edu.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moeser
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*
keywords: irritable bowel syndrome; models; murine; porcine; stress