title: Evaluation of Trap Designs and Deployment Strategies for Capturing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
abstract: Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is an invasive pest that attacks numerous crops. For growers to make informed management decisions against H. halys, an effective monitoring tool must be in place. We evaluated various trap designs baited with the two-component aggregation pheromone of H. halys and synergist and deployed in commercial apple orchards. We compared our current experimental standard trap, a black plywood pyramid trap 1.22 m in height deployed between border row apple trees with other trap designs for two growing seasons. These included a black lightweight coroplast pyramid trap of similar dimension, a smaller (29 cm) pyramid trap also ground deployed, a smaller limb-attached pyramid trap, a smaller pyramid trap hanging from a horizontal branch, and a semipyramid design known as the Rescue trap. We found that the coroplast pyramid was the most sensitive, capturing more adults than all other trap designs including our experimental standard. Smaller pyramid traps performed equally in adult captures to our experimental standard, though nymphal captures were statistically lower for the hanging traps. Experimental standard plywood and coroplast pyramid trap correlations were strong, suggesting that standard plywood pyramid traps could be replaced with lighter, cheaper coroplast pyramid traps. Strong correlations with small ground- and limb-deployed pyramid traps also suggest that these designs offer promise as well. Growers may be able to adopt alternative trap designs that are cheaper, lighter, and easier to deploy to monitor H. halys in orchards without a significant loss in sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430. william.morrison@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, AHS AREC, Winchester, VA 24061.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cullum
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430.
authors.forename: Tracy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Leskey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D027845:Malus / Q000254:growth & development; D008396:Maryland; D009758:Nymph / Q000187:drug effects; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants
keywords: brown marmorated stink bug; captures; integrated pest management; invasive species; monitoring