title: Translational Research and Plasma Proteomic in Cancer.
abstract: Proteomics is a recent field of research in molecular biology that can help in the fight against cancer through the search for biomarkers that can detect this disease in the early stages of its development. Proteomic is a speedily growing technology, also thanks to the development of even more sensitive and fast mass spectrometry analysis. Although this technique is the most widespread for the discovery of new cancer biomarkers, it still suffers of a poor sensitivity and insufficient reproducibility, essentially due to the tumor heterogeneity. Common technical shortcomings include limitations in the sensitivity of detecting low abundant biomarkers and possible systematic biases in the observed data. Current research attempts are trying to develop high-resolution proteomic instrumentation for high-throughput monitoring of protein changes that occur in cancer. In this review, we describe the basic features of the proteomic tools which have proven to be useful in cancer research, showing their advantages and disadvantages. The application of these proteomic tools could provide early biomarkers detection in various cancer types and could improve the understanding the mechanisms of tumor growth and dissemination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphopathology, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria Chiara
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auletta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphopathology, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorelli
authors.affiliation: Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fodazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cito
authors.affiliation: Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Astarita
authors.affiliation: Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.|Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences. Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.|Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feola
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.|Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Domenico
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: BIOMARKERS; CANCER; PLASMA PROTEOMIC