title: Levels of osteoclastogenesis-related factors in the peri-implant crevicular fluid and clinical parameters of immediately loaded implants in patients with osteopenia: a short-term report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate the influence of osteopenia on the levels of osteoclastogenesis-related factors in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and on the clinical parameters of immediately loaded implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 24 patients who received at least two implants in the mandible, with restorations delivered 48 hours after implant placement. Patients were divided into control (n = 11) and osteopenia (n = 13) groups. Seven days after implant placement (baseline) and 4 months after implant placement, PICF samples were obtained, and clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depths, clinical attachment levels) were measured. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze PICF samples for levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor of κB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). At the 4-month follow-up visit, the implant-supported restorations were removed and periapical radiographs were acquired to evaluate bone loss around the implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight immediately loaded implants were included in this study (38 in the control group, 50 in the osteopenia group). The RANKL and OPG levels, the RANKL/OPG ratio, and the clinical parameters were similar between the groups at both time points. However, the levels of these factors in PICF differed significantly between baseline and 4 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this short-term study, it can be concluded that osteopenia does not influence the PICF levels of osteoclastogenesis-related factors in immediately loaded implants after 4 months of loading.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aquiar
authors.forename: Poliana Mendes
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giro
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassoni
authors.forename: Jamil Awad
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shibli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000378:metabolism*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D015921:Dental Implants; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000032:analysis; D010512:Periodontal Index; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human