title: Relationship between Eimeria tenella development and host cell apoptosis in chickens.
abstract: Coccidiosis causes considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. At present, the pathology of coccidiosis is preventable with anticoccidials and vaccination, although at considerable cost to the international poultry industry. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between Eimeria tenella development and host cell apoptosis in chickens, which provides a theoretical basis for further study of the injury mechanism of E. tenella and the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis. Cecal epithelial cells from chick embryo were used as host cells in vitro. In addition, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling, and histopathological assays were used to detect the dynamic changes in E. tenella infection rates, DNA injury rates, and apoptosis rates in groups treated with and without the caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK. Following E. tenella infection, we demonstrated that untreated cells had less apoptosis at 4 h and, inversely, more apoptosis at 24 to 120 h compared with control cells. Furthermore, after the application of Z-LEHD-FMK, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays, and translation of phosphatidyl serines to the host cell plasma membrane surface, the treated group chick embryo cecal epithelial cells exhibited decreased apoptosis and DNA injuries (P<0.01) at 24 to 120 h. However, light microscopy showed that E. tenella infection rates of treated cells were higher (P<0.01) than untreated cells during the whole experimental period. Together, these observations suggest that E. tenella can protect host cells from apoptosis at early stages of development but can promote apoptosis during the middle to late stages. In addition, the inhibition of host cell apoptosis can be beneficial to the intracellular growth and development of E. tenella.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China zhengmingxue288@163.com.
authors.forename: Ming-xue
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Huan-cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Sha-sha
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Wen-long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Qiang-hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004249:DNA Damage; D016786:Eimeria tenella / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000662:veterinary; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; C403754:benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-glutamyl-histidyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone
keywords: Eimeria tenella; apoptosis; cecal epithelial cell; chick embryo; development