title: Incidence and risk factors of calcaneal enthesophytes in spondyloarthritis and trauma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Achilles enthesitis and plantar fasciitis are the features of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Enthesophytes may indicate enthesitis, but their incidence is also high in elderly individuals and in athletes. This study aimed to clarify the incidences and risk factors of Achilles enthesophyte (AE) and plantar entesophye (PE) in SpA and trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively surveyed radiographs of the feet of SpA and trauma patients in our hospital. The SpA group included 17 patients (33 feet), and the trauma group included 33 patients (37 feet) who had undergone surgery between April 2013 and March 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of AEs was 63.6% (21 feet) in the SpA group and 54.1% (20 feet) in the trauma group (p = 0.45). The incidence of PEs was 48.9% (16 feet) in the SpA group and 16.2% (6 feet) in the trauma group. The SpA group had a higher prevalence of PEs than the trauma group (p < 0.01). The multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for AEs and PEs were SpA and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors for AEs and PEs were found to be advanced age and the presence of SpA.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Yamaguchi Red Cross Hospital , Yamaguchi , Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Yamaguchi Red Cross Hospital , Yamaguchi , Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yahiro
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000070676:Enthesopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D025241:Spondylarthritis / Q000150:complications*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Achilles enthesitis; Plantar fasciitis; Spondyloarthritis