title: Significance of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in patients with periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise and measure the Schneiderian membranes of individuals with periodontal diseases in China and to analyse the factors impacting maxillary sinus mucosal thickness using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 221 patients with periodontal disease was subjected to cross-sectional CBCT examination. Various parameters, including age, sex, alveolar bone loss, furcation lesions and vertical infrabony pockets, were analysed as correlates of mucosal thickening (MT). Sinus mucosal thickness ≥ 2 mm qualified as MT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MT was detected in 103 (48.9%) patients, increasing in frequency as the degree of alveolar bone loss advanced (mild, 14.5%; moderate, 29.5%; severe, 87.9%). The association between MT and vertical infrabony pockets was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The likelihood of MT increased with moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02] and severe (OR = 4.62) periodontal bone loss (P < 0.001), as well as with furcation lesions (OR = 2.76) and vertical infrabony pockets (OR = 13.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relative to the case in patients with periodontitis and normal mucosa, the probability of MT increased dramatically as alveolar bone loss worsened. Periodontal pathologies (i.e. furcation lesions and vertical infrabony pockets) were also more likely to coincide with MT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.|Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Haijiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Qingxuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000150:complications; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Periodontitis; alveolar bone loss; cone-beam computed tomography; mucosal thickening