title: Vascular malformation mimicking multiple sclerosis active plaque: Usefulness of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to perform correct diagnosis.
abstract: Brain focal hyperdensity areas are common findings in computed tomography examinations, often further evaluated in magnetic resonance imaging exams. These are usually haemosiderin and calcified perivascular clusters known as cerebral microbleeds and may be secondary signs of brain disorders. Cerebral microbleeds are paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances determining magnetic field inhomogeneity. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) performed at 3T with phase post-processing is very useful in evaluating this field variation. In fact in the past decade SWI has been increasingly reported for its clinical value in adults with neurologic disorders, traumas, arterial venous malformations, occult venous diseases, tumours and functional brain imaging. The occasional computed tomography findings of single or multiple focal hyperdense areas can mimic many of these brain disorders and lead to misinterpretations. For these reason it is useful to have a more detailed diagnosis with MRI brain examination. The authors highlight the role of SWI sequence in the differential diagnosis among active plaque, vascular malformation and haemorrhagic lesion in a case report of a 41-year-old woman suffering from multiple sclerosis with a focal hyperdense area reported in a computed tomography brain examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, Italy claudia.marsecano@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marsecano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michelini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Neuroradiology, University of L'Aquila. Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varrassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Neuroradiology, University of L'Aquila. Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Splendiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: di Cesare
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masciocchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, Division of Neuroradiology, University of L'Aquila. Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Susceptibility weighted imaging; arterial venous malformation; multiple sclerosis