title: Lipid peroxidation in Rheumatoid arthritis; consequences and monitoring.
abstract: The epidemiological studies have shown that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to oxidative stress formation. Therefore the aim of this study has been to estimate the lipid peroxidation in RA patients. Moreover the reasons and consequences of changes in lipid peroxidation were estimated. 73 patients with RA and 62 healthy subjects were included into the study. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by the measurement of phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) as well as aldehydes: 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 4-oxononenal (4-ONE) that were determined by GC and GCMS, while 8-isoprostanes (8-isoPGF2a) - was determined by LCMS. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were determined spectrophotometrically, while vitamin E was determined by HPLC. Plasma of RA patients was characterized by higher vitamin E level and decreased GSH-Px activity as well as the level of phospholipid AA and LA compared to healthy subjects. The level of all examined aldehydes was significantly increased in plasma patients but higher increase was observed in urine of RA patients in comparison with control group. The 8-isoprostanes level was approximately 9-fold higher in the plasma and 3-fold higher in the urine of RA patients compared to healthy subjects, but in the urine the changes in 8-isoprostanes level was correlated with RA progression. A significant increase in 4-HNE-modified protein adducts level as well as a decrease in the activity of PAF-AH and PLA2 were observed in the plasma of RA patients. The level of lipid peroxidation products in the plasma and the urine may be the indicator of RA, but additionally urine 8-isoprostanes may be the useful and reliable biomarker of RA progression.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luczaj
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jarocka-Karpinska
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sierakowski
authors.affiliation: LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Croatia.
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andrisic
authors.affiliation: LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Croatia.
authors.forename: Neven
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zarkovic
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland. Electronic address: skrzydle@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skrzydlewska