title: [Botulinum Toxin in the Musculoskeletal System].
abstract: Over the last 20 years, botulinum toxin has proven to be an effective agent in the orthopaedic treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. The author presents a detailed summary of the data on the use of botulinum toxin in different indications. New indications and dosages will be developed in the coming years. As some of the newer indications for botulinum toxin are off-label, its pharmacokinetics must be carefully considered and the indication must be strictly based on current study data. Physicians using this drug should attend special professional courses.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Placzek
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pennekamp
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins