title: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the tongue.
abstract: Neuroendocrine carcinoma usually originates from lung. Few data exist in the literature regarding neuroendocrine carcinoma of the tongue. Patient data including history, surgical procedure, histology, and radiology investigations were collected and summarized. A 40-year-old woman was referred after partial glossectomy. Squamous mucosa with neoplasm and cells with round nuclei and light cytoplasm was reported in the tongue biopsy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was positive for cytokeratin, neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin and negative for leukocyte common antigen. This case showed a high proliferative activity (Ki-67 labeling index were 60%). These IHC findings were in favor of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. After surgery, she received chemotherapy and chemoradiation. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors in the present case is based on immunohistochemical markers and cellular shapes. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is a critical element of therapy for head and neck high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, our patient received this treatment after surgery.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esmati
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.forename: Amirhassan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matini
authors.forename: Monir Sadat Mirai
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ashtiani
authors.forename: Ehsan Akbari
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nosrati
authors.forename: Farideh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Razi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganjalikhani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome