title: Fabrication of graphene/gold-modified screen-printed electrode for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen.
abstract: Immunosensors based on gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs/rGO)-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were successfully synthesized using an electrochemical deposition method. The modified SPEs were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the morphology and composition of AuNPs and rGO. Both the FESEM and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the AuNPs were successfully anchored on the thin film of rGO deposited on the surface of the SPEs. Characterization with a ferri-ferrocyanide couple [Fe(CN)6(3-/4-)] showed that the electron transfer kinetic between the analyte and electrode was enhanced after the modification with the AuNPs/rGO composite on the electrode surface, in addition to increasing the effective surface area of the electrode. The modified SPE was immobilized with a sandwich type immunosensor to mimic the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) immunoassay. The modified SPE that was fortified with the sandwich type immunosensor exhibited double electrochemical responses in the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), with linear ranges of 0.5-50 ng/mL and 250-2000 ng/mL and limits of detection of 0.28 ng/mL and 181.5 ng/mL, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: janetlimhn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.affiliation: Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayabal
authors.affiliation: Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandikumar
authors.affiliation: Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Biosensor; Electrochemistry; Gold nanoparticles; Graphene; Screen-printed electrode