title: Acceptance and effectiveness for learning of a simulation manikin for suprapubic aspiration in toddlers constructed with simple means.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skills trainings are increasing in popularity in undergraduate medical education enhancing clinical competencies and motivation for clinical practice. A suprapubic aspiration (SPA) is the gold standard to obtain urine from toddlers and young infants with fever and unclear focus to prove an urinary tract infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a blended-learning scenario with virtual patients and skills lab training students were trained for a SPA. Currently, no toddler simulation manikin for SPA is available on the market so we constructed one with simple means. Students' acceptance and their view on relevant aspects of the manikin for learning effectiveness were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With an expenditure regarding work of 3½ h and material costs of 188.12 Euro we were able to construct a paediatric manikin for suprapubic bladder punction using a cheap basic life support manikin. N = 56 students rated their learning success with the manikin as high (77.2 ± 21.6; mean and standard deviation; visual analogue scales from 100 = totally agree to 0 = don't agree at all). The model was rated as useful for training (84.2 ± 17.2) and realistic (62.1 ± 23.5). Important factors for students' learning success were (in descending order) that "urine" could be aspirated (81.4 ± 19.5), the feel of the needle inserted in the manikin (71.5 ± 23.2), and--notably less important--the outer appearance in general (40.3 ± 24.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a construction of a paediatric manikin for suprapubic aspiration with simple means for a realistic learning scenario with high learning success.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. HansMartin.Bosse@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Hans Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Bosse
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Alice.Demetrescu@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Kerstin.Ling@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Suzan.Memili@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Memili
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Silvan.Patalong@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Silvan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patalong
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. vero.rings@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rings
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Elisabeth.Jasper@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Elisabeth Dorothea
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Jasper
authors.affiliation: Westphalian Child Centre, Klinikum Dortmund, Beurhausstr. 40, 44137, Dortmund, Germany. tutoriada@yahoo.de.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luczak
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Svenja.Liesenjohann@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liesenjohann
authors.affiliation: Alexianer Hospital Köln, Kölner Str. 64, 51149, Cologne, Germany. alixwitsch@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Alix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witsch
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinic Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. carolinwengel@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wengel
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008348:Manikins; D013396:Suction / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*