title: Serum adiponectin concentration in 2,939 Japanese men undergoing screening for prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent investigations suggest that serum adiponectin levels are negatively associated with the development of aggressive prostate cancer, however, not all epigenetic studies support the inverse association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed serum adiponectin levels, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and outcomes of prostate cancer screening of 2,939 participants of a PSA-based screening program conducted by a single institute in Japan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 23.9 kg/m(2), and 31% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2). The adiponectin levels were significantly and negatively correlated with BMI (r =  -0.260, P < 0.0001). However, a significant and positive correlation was observed between adiponectin levels and PSA levels (r = 0.054, P = 0.0061). After screening, 24 (0.82%) patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Interestingly, the adiponectin levels of the 24 prostate cancer patients (average 9.86 μg/mL) were significantly higher than those of the 2,817 participants with PSA levels < 4 ng/mL (average 7.63 μg/mL) (P = 0.0049). However, when restricted to the eight high-risk prostate cancer patients, the adiponectin levels did not differ from those of the participants with PSA levels < 4 ng/mL. The age-adjusted cancer detection rate of the participants was calculated by stratifying the BMI (cut-off level 25 kg/m(2)) and adiponectin levels (cut-off level 6.7 μg/mL). The cancer detection rate in the high-BMI and high-adiponectin group was 1.67%, which was the highest among all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant positive correlation between adiponectin levels and PSA levels. The present findings also suggest that the incidence of low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer might be increased in overweight men with high serum adiponectin levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan ; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo-kita Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onozawa
authors.affiliation: Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
keywords: Adiponectin; Body mass index; Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen; Screening