title: Weathering and Chemical Degradation of Methyl Eugenol and Raspberry Ketone Solid Dispensers for Detection, Monitoring, and Male Annihilation of Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.
abstract: Solid male lure dispensers containing methyl eugenol (ME) and raspberry ketone (RK), or mixtures of the lures (ME + RK), and dimethyl dichloro-vinyl phosphate (DDVP) were evaluated in area-wide pest management bucket or Jackson traps in commercial papaya (Carica papaya L.) orchards where both oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), are pests. Captures of B. dorsalis with fresh wafers in Jackson and bucket traps were significantly higher on the basis of ME concentration (Mallet ME [56%] > Mallet MR [31.2%] > Mallet MC [23.1%]). Captures of B. cucurbitae with fresh wafers in Jackson and bucket traps were not different regardless of concentration of RK (Mallet BR [20.1%] = Mallet MR [18.3%] = Mallet MC [15.9%]). Captures of B. dorsalis with fresh wafers, compared with weathered wafers, were significantly different after week 12; captures of B. cucurbitae were not significantly different after 16 wk. Chemical analyses revealed presence of RK in dispensers in constant amounts throughout the 16-wk trial. Degradation of both ME and DDVP over time was predicted with a high level of confidence by nonlinear asymptotic exponential decay curves. Results provide supportive data to deploy solid ME and RK wafers (with DDVP) in fruit fly traps for detection programs, as is the current practice with solid TML dispensers placed in Jackson traps. Wafers with ME and RK might be used in place of two separate traps for detection of both ME and RK responding fruit flies and could potentially reduce cost of materials and labor by 50%.
authors.affiliation: Daniel K. Inouye, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 64 Nowelo St. Hilo, HI 96720. roger.vargas@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Daniel K. Inouye, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 64 Nowelo St. Hilo, HI 96720.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Souder
authors.affiliation: Farma Tech International, 1546 Boalch Avenue NW, Suite 30, North Bend, WA 98045.
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkomo
authors.affiliation: Farma Tech International, 1546 Boalch Avenue NW, Suite 30, North Bend, WA 98045.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS-PWA, Albany, CA 94710.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.affiliation: Washington State University, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, WA 98371.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002074:Butanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029441:Carica / Q000254:growth & development; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000494:pharmacology; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006254:Hawaii; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002074:Butanones; D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; C035522:raspberry ketone; D004006:Dichlorvos
keywords: male lure; melon fly; oriental fruit fly; tephritid fly