title: Integument cell differentiation in dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae) with special attention paid to plasmodesmata.
abstract: The aim of the paper is to determine what happens with plasmodesmata when mucilage is secreted into the periplasmic space in plant cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the periendothelial zone mucilage cells was performed on examples of the ovule tissues of several sexual and apomictic Taraxacum species. The cytoplasm of the periendothelial zone cells was dense, filled by numerous organelles and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and active Golgi dictyosomes with vesicles that contained fibrillar material. At the beginning of the differentiation process of the periendothelial zone, the cells were connected by primary plasmodesmata. However, during the differentiation and the thickening of the cell walls (mucilage deposition), the plasmodesmata become elongated and associated with cytoplasmic bridges. The cytoplasmic bridges may connect the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers in order to maintain cell-to-cell communication during the differentiation of the periendothelial zone cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland. bartosz.plachno@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Bartosz J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Płachno
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurczyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Świątek
mesh_terms: D002450:Cell Communication; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D018870:Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough / Q000502:physiology; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000502:physiology; D019897:Periplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D062087:Plant Mucilage / Q000378:metabolism*; D031425:Plasmodesmata / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D031205:Taraxacum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D062087:Plant Mucilage
keywords: Apomixis; Asteraceae; Cell wall; Integument; Mucilage; Ovule; Plasmodesmata; Ultrastructure