title: Streptococcus suis vaccines: candidate antigens and progress.
abstract: Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent of human meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. S. suis is a well-encapsulated pathogen and multiple serotypes have been described based on the capsular polysaccharide antigenic diversity. In addition, high genotypic, phenotypic and geographic variability exits among strains within the same serotype. Besides, S. suis uses an arsenal of virulence factors to evade the host immune system. Together, these characteristics have challenged the development of efficacious vaccines to fight this important pathogen. In this careful and comprehensive review, clinical field information and experimental data have been compiled and compared for the first time to give a precise overview of the current status of vaccine development against S. suis. The candidate antigens and vaccine formulations under research are examined and the feasibility of reaching the goal of a "universal" cross-protective S. suis vaccine discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Montreal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , J2S 2M2 Canada.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
keywords: bacterins; cross-protection; invasive Streptococcus suis disease; live-attenuated vaccines; serotypes and sequence types; sub-unit vaccines; swine production; zoonosis