title: Occult HBV Infection May Be Transmitted through Close Contact and Manifest as an Overt Infection.
abstract: The importance of transmission of occult HBV infection (OBI) via transfusion, organ transplantation and hemodialysis has been widely recognized. However, data regarding the transmission of OBI through close contact remain limited. In this study, serum samples were obtained from a child and his parents. The child had received the standard vaccination regimen at birth and produced protective antibody. Sera were tested for HBV serological markers. Nested PCR assays were used to detect HBV DNA and the amplicons were cloned and their sequences subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that both parents had occult infections while the child had an overt infection. Twelve, eleven and nine clones, from the father, mother and son, respectively, were sequenced. Serotypes adrq+, ayw1, ayw and ayr were found in the father and ayw1, adw2 and adwq+ in the mother; adrq+ was the only serotype in son. Genotype B, subgenotype C2 and a recombinant were identified in the father and genotype B, subgenotype C5 and three recombinants were found in the mother. Subgenotype C2 was the only genotype identified in the child. A phylogenetic tree showed that all of the child's sequences and most of the father's sequences clustered together. However, none of mother's sequences clustered with those of the child. The surface gene from the child and his father had the same amino acid substitution pattern (T118K, T123N and G145A). We concluded that the father was the source of the son's HBV infection, suggesting that occult HBV infection may be transmitted through close contact and manifest as an overt infection.
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Chong Zuo Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lijiang road, Chong Zuo, Guangxi 532200, China.
authors.forename: De-Ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
authors.forename: Qin-Yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Liao
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens