title: Self-reported neck and shoulder pain in adolescents is associated with episodic and chronic migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify the association between self-reported neck/shoulder pain and migraine and to compare findings of chronic and episodic migraine in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 601 secondary-school students filled in questionnaires about headache appearance, type and frequency, neck and shoulder pain and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted strength of the association between reported neck and shoulder pain and migraine (assessed in multinomial regression models) increased with the frequency of migraine: less than once a week (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = (0.85-2.30)), weekly (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = (1.42-3.24)), and at least 15 days/month (OR = 7.27; 95% CI = (3.42-15.44)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adolescents the association between self-reported neck and shoulder pain and migraine is most pronounced in migraine with a high attack frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany mirjam.landgraf@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Mirjam N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Landgraf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Kries
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thyra
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langhagen
authors.affiliation: German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany Department of Neurology, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Straube
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; headache; migraine frequency; neck pain; shoulder pain