title: The correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED): results from a survey in males from Mexico City (MexiLUTS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ED and LUTS affect a high proportion of male population. Although Hispanics are suspected to have a higher risk of experiencing LUTS, detailed information on its frequency and association with ED in this population is scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of LUTS and ED, and its correlation in Mexican males.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analytical survey was answered by 1041 men. It included the International Prostate Symptom Score and the quality of life question (IPSS/QoL); International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); the short form of the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF); and demographic data. For the analysis, we divided our population into 2 groups (18-39 and 40 and older), and then an exploratory correlation analysis was performed to search for significant differences among IPSS severity groups, and finally a multivariate regression model was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 48.6 ± 14.5 years. One hundred twenty-three individuals (11.8 %) were asymptomatic, and 611 (58.7 %) had mild, 226 (21.7 %) had moderate, and 81 (7.8 %) had severe IPSS score. The most common symptoms were nocturia (72.4 %), increased urinary frequency (58.3 %), and slow urinary stream (42.6 %). Two hundred fifty-eight (24.7 %) complained of incontinence. Of 765 individuals, 484(63.2 %) reported some degree of ED. Severe LUTS, DM, and age were independent risk factors for ED severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LUTS and ED may represent one of the largest sources of morbidity in our population, and their association was demonstrated. Awareness on these entities should be raised, and further research is required to determine the higher frequency of LUTS and ED in Hispanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cendejas-Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alejandro Rivera-Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaime O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Herrera-Caceres
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olvera-Posada
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Christian I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Villeda-Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Castillejos-Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feria-Bernal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Mora
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. frodriguez.covarrubias@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Covarrubias
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D014504:Urban Health; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Erectile dysfunction; Hispanic; Latin America; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Urinary incontinence