title: Two cellular microRNAs, miR-196b and miR-1290, contribute to HIV-1 latency.
abstract: Understanding the mechanism of HIV-1 latency is crucial to the viral reservoir eradication. Human cellular miRNAs can modulate HIV-1 expression by targeting of viral RNAs or host gene transcripts. To identify miRNAs modulating HIV-1 latency, we determined the miRNA expression profiles of HIV-1 latently infected and productively infected cells by microarray and qRT-PCR. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-196b and miR-1290 targeted the 3' untranslated region of HIV-1 and affected its expression. Ectopic expression of these two miRNAs efficiently suppressed HIV-1 production and infectivity. Specific inhibitors of these miRNAs substantially counteracted their effects on HIV-1, as measured either as viral production and infectivity in HEK-293T cells or as HIV-1 RNA expression or viral production in cells isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals. Our study emphasizes the role of cellular miRNAs in HIV-1 latency regulation, and it suggests that inhibitors of miR-196b and miR-1290 could be used to activate latent HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yinzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Junxiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: hzzhu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huanzhang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C574604:MIRN1290 microRNA, human; C542543:MIRN196 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: HIV-1; Latency; Viral infectivity; Viral production; miR-1290; miR-196b; microRNAs