title: Extraordinary cause of acute gastric dilatation and hepatic portal venous gas: Chronic use of synthetic cannabinoid.
abstract: Addiction to synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) is a growing social and health problem worldwide. Chronic use of SCs may cause adverse effects in the gastrointestinal system. We describe a very rare case of acute gastric dilatation (AGD) and hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG), with findings of acute abdomen resulting from chronic use of a SC, Bonzai. AGD and HPVG were detected by computerized tomography examination. Patchy mucosal ischemia was seen in endoscopic examination. Despite the findings of an acute abdomen, a non-surgical approach with nasogastric decompression, antibiotic therapy, and close radiologic and endoscopic follow-up was preferred in the presented case. Clinical and radiologic findings decreased dramatically on the first day, and endoscopic findings gradually disappeared over 7 d. In conclusion, this case shows that chronic use of a SC may cause AGD and accompanying HPVG, which can be managed non-surgically despite the findings of acute abdomen.
authors.affiliation: Mert Mahsuni Sevinc, Erdem Kinaci, Savas Bayrak, Ekrem Cakar, Hasan Bektaş, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mert Mahsuni
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sevinc
authors.affiliation: Mert Mahsuni Sevinc, Erdem Kinaci, Savas Bayrak, Ekrem Cakar, Hasan Bektaş, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kinaci
authors.affiliation: Mert Mahsuni Sevinc, Erdem Kinaci, Savas Bayrak, Ekrem Cakar, Hasan Bektaş, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Savas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.affiliation: Mert Mahsuni Sevinc, Erdem Kinaci, Savas Bayrak, Ekrem Cakar, Hasan Bektaş, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytul Hande
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Yardimci
authors.affiliation: Mert Mahsuni Sevinc, Erdem Kinaci, Savas Bayrak, Ekrem Cakar, Hasan Bektaş, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cakar
authors.affiliation: Mert Mahsuni Sevinc, Erdem Kinaci, Savas Bayrak, Ekrem Cakar, Hasan Bektaş, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bektaş
mesh_terms: D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005740:Gases; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002186:Cannabinoids; D005740:Gases
keywords: Acute abdomen; Acute gastric dilatation; Bonzai; Hepatic portal venous gas; Synthetic cannabinoid