title: The Importance of Human-Computer Interaction in Radiology E-learning.
abstract: With the development of cross-sectional imaging techniques and transformation to digital reading of radiological imaging, e-learning might be a promising tool in undergraduate radiology education. In this systematic review of the literature, we evaluate the emergence of image interaction possibilities in radiology e-learning programs and evidence for effects of radiology e-learning on learning outcomes and perspectives of medical students and teachers. A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, ERIC, and PsycInfo was performed. Articles were screened by two authors and included when they concerned the evaluation of radiological e-learning tools for undergraduate medical students. Nineteen articles were included. Seven studies evaluated e-learning programs with image interaction possibilities. Students perceived e-learning with image interaction possibilities to be a useful addition to learning with hard copy images and to be effective for learning 3D anatomy. Both e-learning programs with and without image interaction possibilities were found to improve radiological knowledge and skills. In general, students found e-learning programs easy to use, rated image quality high, and found the difficulty level of the courses appropriate. Furthermore, they felt that their knowledge and understanding of radiology improved by using e-learning. In conclusion, the addition of radiology e-learning in undergraduate medical education can improve radiological knowledge and image interpretation skills. Differences between the effect of e-learning with and without image interpretation possibilities on learning outcomes are unknown and should be subject to future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 85500, E01.132, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.m.denharder@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Annemarie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: den Harder
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 85500, E01.132, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frijlingh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 85500, E01.132, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cécile J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ravesloot
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oosterbaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 85500, E01.132, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anouk
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Gijp
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000072177:Radiologists / Q000193:education*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: E-learning; Education; Human–computer interaction; Radiology