title: Emerging immunotherapies in ovarian cancer.
abstract: Despite a global effort to significantly reduce mortality, ovarian cancer remains the fifth leading cause of cancer death among American women, and five-year survival rates remain discouragingly low at 45%. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Notably, higher infiltration of activated immune cells into the tumor microenvironment correlates with improved ovarian cancer survival, suggesting that promoting their activity could favorably impact clinical outcomes. Immunotherapy has recently demonstrated impressive clinical benefit in a variety of solid tumors. Immunotherapy strategies tested in ovarian cancer include vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade. Ultimately, a combination immunotherapy approach that integrates immunotherapy with other cancer treatment modalities in additive or synergistic ways will most effectively improve survival.
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
authors.forename: Laureen S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ojalvo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
authors.forename: Paige E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jelovac
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
authors.forename: Leisha A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Emens
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000737:chemistry; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000939:Epitopes