title: Preliminary Study on J-Resolved NMR Method Usability for Toxic Kidney's Injury Assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays, the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques are tested for metabolomic urine profile in order to detect early damage of kidney.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was the initial assessment of two-dimensional J-resolved NMR urine spectra analysis usability for early kidney injuries detection. The amino acids (AA) and acids profile change after the exposure to nephrotoxic agent (the cisplatin infusion) was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material was the urine of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, treated with cisplatin in Pulmonology and Lung Cancers Clinic in Wrocław. The urine of healthy volunteers was also examined. The identification of metabolites in urine was based on two-dimensional JRES signals in spectra, described in Human Metabolites Database (HMD). The molar concentration of metabolites was calculated from the volume under the signals. The analysis was focused on amino acids and organic acids (lactid acid and pyruvic acid) profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any specific amino acids were identified after cisplatin infusion in comparison to the state before infusion. However, the differences in concentration were observed over 2-fold increase in valine, isoleucine and leucine, over 3-fold in alanine. Also, the concentration of pyruvic and lactic acids increased significantly (p≤0.05, p≤0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no specific amino acids identified in response to the infusion of cisplatin; however, some changes in the concentrations of amino acids and other small molecules were found. The analysis of two-dimensional JRES spectra showed an increase of alanine, leucine, isoleucine and valine concentration after the application of cisplatin. It seems that it is worth developing the JRES method based on special computer program.
authors.affiliation: RootInnovation sp. z o.o., Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doskocz
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marchewka
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeż
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Pulmonology and Lung Cancers, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passowicz-Muszyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Długosz
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000652:urine; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D002945:Cisplatin