title: Recognizing the causes of in-hospital cardiac arrest--A survival benefit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The in-hospital emergency team (ET) may or may not recognize the causes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) during the provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In a previous 4.5-year prospective study, this rate of recognition was found to be 66%. The aim of this study was to investigate whether survival improved if the cause of arrest was recognized by the ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  The difference in survival if the causes were recognized versus not recognized was estimated after propensity score matching patients from these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival to hospital discharge was 25%. After propensity score matching, the benefit of recognizing the cause regarding 1-hour survival of the episode was 29% (p<0.01), and 19% regarding hospital discharge, respectively. Variables commonly known to affect the outcome after cardiac arrest were found to be balanced between the two groups. The largest difference was found in patients with non-cardiac causes and non-shockable presenting rhythms. Patient records and pre-arrest clinical symptoms were the information sources most frequently utilized by the ET to establish the causes of arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients suffering an IHCA showed a substantial survival benefit if the causes of arrest were recognized by the ET. Patient records and pre-arrest clinical symptoms were the sources of information most frequently utilized in these instances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Drøbak, Norway. Electronic address: daniel.bergum@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergum
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn Olav
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Drøbak, Norway.
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ole Christian
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Mjølstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Drøbak, Norway.
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skogvoll
mesh_terms: D022561:Advanced Cardiac Life Support; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: Advanced life support; Aetiology; Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Causes; In-hospital