title: Field Efficacy of a Metarhizium anisopliae-Based Attractant-Contaminant Device to Control Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae).
abstract: Biological control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using entomopathogenic fungi is being studied as a viable control strategy. The efficacy of a Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)-based attractant-contaminant device (ACD) to control C. capitata was evaluated in a medium-scale (40 ha) 2-yr field trial using a density of 24 ACD per ha. Results showed that this density was adequate to efficiently reduce fruitfly populations and that the inoculation dishes (IDs) needed replacing mid-season to provide protection for the entire season. In this study, fungal treatment was even more effective than conventional chemical treatment. Population dynamics in fungus-treated fields along with the infectivity study of field-aged IDs in the laboratory found that the ACD remained effective for at least 3 mo. The results suggest M. anisopliae-based ACD can be used to control C. capitata in the field. The implications of its use, especially as a tool in an integrated pest management program, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n,Edifício 6C, 4 Planta, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Navarro-Llopis
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n,Edifício 6C, 4 Planta, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n,Edifício 6C, 4 Planta, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchis
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n,Edifício 6C, 4 Planta, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Primo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n,Edifício 6C, 4 Planta, 46022, Valencia, Spain. mmoyasa@ceqa.upv.es.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033622:Ceratitis capitata / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D052981:Metarhizium / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012621:Seasons; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; C010411:insect attractants
keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae; autoinoculation device; biological control; entomopathogenic fungi; integrated control