title: Wolbachia Infection Dynamics in Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Their Effects on Host Mating Behavior and Reproduction.
abstract: Wolbachia interact with their hosts in a broad variety of relationships that range from parasitism to mutualism. To improve the understanding of complex relationships between Wolbachia and host, we performed not only mating and crossing experiments to investigate effects of Wolbachia on mate choice, mating performance, and reproduction in the confused flour beetles Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val), but also quantitative PCR to determine Wolbachia spatiotemporal infection density dynamics within beetles. Wolbachia induced strong cytoplasmic incompatibility, but had no effects on male mate choice and mating performance. Compared with Wolbachia-uninfected females, infected females had very high fecundity irrespective of male's infection status. Wolbachia infection densities in beetles were higher in eggs and adults and in the reproductive tissues and abdomens, whereas Wolbachia density in adults did not differ between sexes and among different ages. These results suggest that Wolbachia have evolved mutualistic interactions with T. confusum, which provides the first evidence of Wolbachia mutualisms in this beetle species. We discussed these findings and their evolutionary implications in light of Wolbachia-host interactions.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China. mingqinglei@jsnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing-Lei
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Fei
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
authors.forename: Chan-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012098:Reproduction; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D014231:Tribolium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Tribolium confusum; Wolbachia; cytoplasmic incompatibility; fecundity; spatiotemporal density