title: Predictors of Pulmonary Infarction.
abstract: In the setting of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), pulmonary infarction is deemed to occur primarily in individuals with compromised cardiac function.The current study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of pulmonary infarction in patients with acute PE, and the relationship between infarction and: age, body height, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, clot burden, and comorbidities.The authors studied prospectively 335 patients with acute PE diagnosed by computed tomographic angiography (CT) in 18 hospitals throughout central Italy. The diagnosis of pulmonary infarction on CT was based on Hampton and Castleman's criteria (cushion-like or hemispherical consolidation lying along the visceral pleura). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the relationship between covariates and the probability of pulmonary infarction.The prevalence of pulmonary infarction was 31%. Patients with infarction were significantly younger and with significantly lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease than those without (P < 0.001). The frequency of infarction increased linearly with increasing height, and decreased with increasing BMI. In logistic regression, the covariates significantly associated with the probability of infarction were age, body height, BMI, and current smoking. The risk of infarction grew with age, peaked at approximately age 40, and decreased afterwards. Increasing body height and current smoking were significant amplifiers of the risk of infarction, whereas increasing BMI appeared to confer some protection.Our data indicate that pulmonary infarction occurs in nearly one-third of the patients with acute PE. Those with infarction are often young and otherwise healthy. Increasing body height and active smoking are predisposing risk factors.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (MM); Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (MB); Department of Radiology, "S. Donato" Hospital, Arezzo (CC); Department of Experimental Medicine, 2nd University of Naples, Naples (LR); and Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, and "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation, Pisa, Italy (SM).
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miniati
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bottai
authors.forename: Cesario
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciccotosto
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roberto
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monti
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications*; D054060:Pulmonary Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed