title: Simultaneous determination of three alternative flame retardants (dechlorane plus, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane, and decabromodiphenyl ethane) in soils by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: A gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of three alternative flame retardants, dechlorane plus (DP), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in soils. The soil samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction, followed by purification with concentrated sulfuric acid partitioning combined with acid-base silica gel column separation. The gas chromatography featured with a thermostable capillary column of short length and a thin stationary phase was operated in pulse injection mode. A double-focusing magnetic sector high resolution mass spectrometer with electron impact ionization was used for quantification of the analytes. The method detection limits were 0.27-0.33 pg for DPs, 0.41 pg for BTBPE, and 36 pg for DBDPE. The mean recoveries for DPs, BTBPE, and DBDPE in spiked soils were 88-107%, 78-97%, and 74-113%, respectively, with relative standard deviations ranging from 5.2% to 18%. The recoveries of (13)C-labeled standards for DPs, BTBPE, and DBDPE in soil samples were 45-110%, 67-118%, and 27-82%, respectively. These results met the acceptable range of labeled standards for analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as specified by the USEPA 1614 method.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China; National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, 1 South Yuhui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China; Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Pengjun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071001, China.
authors.forename: Bu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, 1 South Yuhui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, 1 South Yuhui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, 1 South Yuhui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, 1 South Yuhui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, 1 South Yuhui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yeru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: chenjp@dicp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane; Alternative flame retardant; Decabromodiphenyl ethane; Dechlorane plus; Gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry; Soil