title: The correlates of current smoking among adult Métis: Evidence from the Aboriginal Peoples Survey and Métis Supplement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the correlates of current smoking among Métis aged 18 years and older, with a particular focus on culturally-specific factors. Cultural factors included spirituality, knowledge of an Aboriginal language, membership in a Métis organization and attendance at Métis cultural events. Demographic, geographic, socio-economic and health-related variables were also considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 6,610 adult Métis aged 18 years and older who responded to the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey and Métis supplement were used to examine the correlates of current smoking using sequential binary logistic regression modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 39.9% of adult Métis respondents in the sample were current smokers. Adult Métis who reported a high level of spirituality were less likely to be current smokers. Those who spoke an Aboriginal language, or lived in a house where an Aboriginal language was spoken, were more likely to be current smokers. Being a member of a Métis organization and attending cultural events were not independently associated with current smoking. Métis with higher household income, greater education, higher self-perceived health, and greater physical activity participation were less likely to be current smokers, whereas those who reported heavy alcohol consumption were more likely to be current smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at reducing smoking among adult Métis might be more successful if they include some connection to spirituality. It is also evident that co-occurring risk behaviours, in addition to demographic and socio-economic factors, are important considerations when developing interventions to reduce smoking among this population.
authors.affiliation: University of Waterloo. cj2ryan@uwaterloo.ca.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Leatherdale
authors.forename: Sharon I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Canada; Indigenous population; Smoking; adult; tobacco