title: Treatment of the Infected Stone.
abstract: Infected kidney stones refer to stones that form because of urinary tract infections with urease-producing bacteria, secondarily infected stones of any composition, or stones obstructing the urinary tract leading to pyelonephritis. The mainstay of treatment of infection stones is complete stone removal. Kidney stones that obstruct the urinary tract and cause obstructive pyelonephritis are also frequently referred to as infected stones. Obstructive pyelonephritis is a urologic emergency as it can result in sepsis and even death. Infection stones and obstructive stones causing pyelonephritis are different disease processes, and their workup and management are described separately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Administrative Office, A-1302 Medical Center North, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marien
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Administrative Office, A-1302 Medical Center North, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA. Electronic address: nicole.miller@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000201:enzymology; D014510:Urease / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002951:Citrates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C050615:Suby's G solution; C026485:hemiacidrin; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D014510:Urease; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Calcium carbonate apatite; Kidney stones; Obstructive pyelonephritis; Staghorn; Struvite; Urinary tract infection