title: Male- and female-derived somatic and germ cell-specific toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mouse.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as an antibiotic agent in textiles, wound dressings, medical devices, and appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines. The increasing use of AgNPs has raised concerns about their potential risks to human health. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the impact of AgNPs in germ cell specific complications in mice. The administration of AgNPs results in toxicity in mice; however, a more detailed understanding of the effects of AgNPs on germ cells remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the effects of AgNPs (20 nm in diameter) in a mouse Sertoli and granulosa cells in vitro, and in male and female mice in vivo. Soluble silver ion (Ag(+))-treated cells were used as a positive control. We found that excessive AgNP-treated cells exhibited cytotoxicity, the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in Sertoli cells. Furthermore, an increase in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by cytochrome c release from mitochondria due to translocation of Bax to mitochondria was observed. In in vivo studies, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interferon-γ, -6, -1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis of AgNP-treated mice shows that a significant loss of male and female germ cells. Taken together, these data suggest that AgNPs with an average size of 20 nm have negative impact on the reproduction.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Jae Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Jae-Kyo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Sangiliyandi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurunathan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Yun-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Joydeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Deug-Nam
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Ssang-Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Chankyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Han Geuk
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: b Department of Swine & Poultry Science , Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea and.
authors.forename: Jin-Hoi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012834:Silver
keywords: Apoptosis; germ cells; pro-inflammatory cytokines; reactive oxygen species; silver nanoparticles