title: Effects of aerobic interval training and continuous training on cellular markers of endothelial integrity in coronary artery disease: a SAINTEX-CAD substudy.
abstract: In this large multicenter trial, we aimed to assess the effect of aerobic exercise training in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on cellular markers of endothelial integrity and to examine their relation with improvement of endothelial function. Two-hundred CAD patients (left ventricular ejection fraction > 40%, 90% male, mean age 58.4 ± 9.1 yr) were randomized on a 1:1 base to a supervised 12-wk rehabilitation program of either aerobic interval training or aerobic continuous training on a bicycle. At baseline and after 12 wk, numbers of circulating CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD45dim endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), CD31(+)/CD3(+)/CXCR4(+) angiogenic T cells, and CD31(+)/CD42b(-) endothelial microparticles (EMPs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. After 12 wk of aerobic interval training or aerobic continuous training, numbers of circulating EPCs, angiogenic T cells, and EMPs were comparable with baseline levels. Whereas improvement in peak oxygen consumption was correlated to improvement in FMD (Pearson r = 0.17, P = 0.035), a direct correlation of baseline or posttraining EPCs, angiogenic T cells, and EMP levels with FMD was absent. Baseline EMPs related inversely to the magnitude of the increases in peak oxygen consumption (Spearman rho = -0.245, P = 0.027) and FMD (Spearman rho = -0.374, P = 0.001) following exercise training. In conclusion, endothelial function improvement in response to exercise training in patients with CAD did not relate to altered levels of EPCs and angiogenic T cells and/or a diminished shedding of EMPs into the circulation. EMP flow cytometry may be predictive of the increase in aerobic capacity and endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; emeline.vancraenenbroeck@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Emeline M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Craenenbroeck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium;
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frederix
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Centre for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and.
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pattyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium;
authors.forename: Amaryllis H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4728-9406
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Van Craenenbroeck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gevaert
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium;
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Possemiers
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Centre for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and.
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kaatje
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goetschalckx
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Christiaan J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vrints
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Centre for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhees
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
authors.forename: Vicky Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Hoymans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D001642:Bicycling; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: coronary artery disease; endothelial microparticles; endothelial progenitor cells; exercise training