title: Improvement of POCIS ability to quantify pesticides in natural water by reducing polyethylene glycol matrix effects from polyethersulfone membranes.
abstract: The presence of polyethylene glycol compounds (PEG) in extracts from polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) was shown by high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. PEG compounds, which are released by polyethersulfone (PES) membranes used to build POCIS, can induce matrix effects during quantification of performance reference compounds (PRC, DIA-d5) and target pesticides by mass detection, even after chromatographic separation. Dilution of POCIS extracts can reduce this matrix effect, but dilution may induce a decrease in POCIS performance, primarily for quantification limits. To reduce PEG interference during chromatographic analysis, a simple non-damaging washing protocol for PES membranes is proposed. The method consists of 2 successive baths of washing solution (140 mL per membrane) of ultrapure water (UPW) and methanol (50/50), stirred at 300 rotations per minute (rpm), followed by a final membrane rinse with UPW (140 mL). The signal from PEG compounds was significantly decreased for washed membranes (between 4 and 6 fold lower). After field deployment, total ion current chromatograms of extracts from POCIS built with washed PES membranes did not display a significant PEG fingerprint. This led to improved quantification accuracy for compounds co-eluting with PEG, i.e. PRC (performance and reference compound, DIA-d5) and some pesticides and metabolites. With washed membranes, an accurate quantification of PRC and pesticides sampled by POCIS was indeed possible without a large extract dilution; 10 times instead of the 25 times needed in unwashed conditions. Assuming that the PRC approach corrects for environmental conditions and sampling rates (Rs), a proper PRC (DIA-d5) quantification significantly improved pesticide time weighted average concentration (TWAC) determination in natural water after field deployment.
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE - EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France. Electronic address: robin.guibal@unilim.fr.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guibal
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE - EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France. Electronic address: sophie.lissalde@unilim.fr.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lissalde
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE - EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charriau
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE - EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guibaud
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010575:Pesticides; D011108:Polymers; D012997:Solvents; D013450:Sulfones; D014867:Water; C022840:polyether sulfone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000432:Methanol
keywords: PEG matrix effect; PES membrane; POCIS; PRC; Passive sampler