title: Whole-heart coronary MR angiography using image-based navigation for the detection of coronary anomalies in adult patients with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate a recently developed two-dimensional (2D) image-based navigation approach (iNAVG+C ) combined with respiratory bellows gating for CMRA in patients with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy volunteers (mean age 32 ± 6 years [standard deviation]) and 29 patients (28 ± 9 years) were scanned on a 1.5 Tesla clinical scanner using iNAV(G+C) motion compensated T2prepared CMRA, and the conventional 1D NAV approach. Scan time was recorded for each CMRA scan. An image quality score was given to each coronary artery from (0, uninterpretable; to 4, excellent image quality). Additionally, vessel sharpness of each coronary artery was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average scan time was significantly shorter (P < 0.01) using the proposed iNAVC+G approach (7:57 ± 1:34) compared with 1D NAV (9:15 ± 3:02). Improved visual scores of the right coronary artery (iNAV(G+C) : 4,3,4 (median, 25th percentile, 75th percentile) versus 1D NAV: 3,3,4; P < 0.001) and left anterior descending artery (iNAV(G+C) : 3,3,4 versus 1D NAV: 3,2,3; P < 0.001) were obtained using iNAV(G+C) compared with 1D NAV as well as an increased vessel sharpness of the right coronary artery (iNAV(G+C) : 65.3% ± 6.6% (mean ± standard deviation) versus 1D NAV: 60.2% ± 11.4%; P < 0.05) and left anterior descending artery (iNAV(G+C) : 63.2% ± 6.7% versus 1D NAV: 58.3% ± 9.5%; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Image-based navigation in combination with respiratory bellows gating allows for more robust suppression of respiratory motion artifacts for whole-heart CMRA compared with conventional 1D NAV as images can be acquired in a shorter time and with improved image quality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henningsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tarique
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Miguel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Greil
authors.affiliation: Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jouke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smink
authors.affiliation: Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerald V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ensbergen
authors.affiliation: Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rene M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Botnar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods
keywords: congenital heart disease; coronary magnetic resonance angiography; image-based respiratory navigation; respiratory motion correction