title: S-allyl-L-cysteine and isoliquiritigenin improve mitochondrial function in cellular models of oxidative and nitrosative stress.
abstract: Oxidative and nitrosative stress resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction are an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor and regulator of the cellular response to oxidative stress. Thus known Nrf2 activators from food materials were tested for improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP level in neuronal pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) models of oxidative and nitrosative stress. The effects of rotenone and sodium nitroprusside (complex inhibitors of the respiratory chain) on mitochondrial function were also studied. Furthermore, Nrf2 activators were tested in human embryonic kidney cells bearing the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein (APP(sw) HEK cells) as a cellular model of familial AD. Preincubation with S-allyl-l-cysteine and isoliquiritigenin increased MMP in both PC12 cell models in a similar range as the positive control l-sulforaphane. None of the test compounds, however, improved MMP and ATP level in APP(sw) HEK cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, Haus 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Henriette Schmidt-Burkhardt Chair of Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: isabel.denzer@fau.de.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Denzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia; Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Australia; Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1751, Australia. Electronic address: G.Muench@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Henriette Schmidt-Burkhardt Chair of Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: monika.pischetsrieder@fau.de.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pischetsrieder
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, Haus 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: kristina.leuner@fau.de.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friedland
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D047188:Chalcones / Q000737:chemistry*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D047188:Chalcones; C065299:S-allylcysteine; C040920:isoliquiritigenin; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: Aging; Alzheimer’s disease; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Nrf2; Oxidative stress