title: Diagnosing Chlamydia Trachomatis Urinary Tract Infections--Preliminary Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlamydia trachomatis is mentioned among the etiologic factors for urinary tract infections. Chlamydias are parasites inside a cell. A very significant problem of C. trachomatis infections is their asymptomatic character. The most frequent infections caused by these bacteria are inflammations of the urethra and bladder; of the vagina, cervix, vaginal cavity and adnexa in women; and of the epididymis, testicles and prostate in men. In the diagnosis of C. trachomatis infections, the following methods are used: immunofluorescent techniques, immunoenzymatic assays, serological examinations and genetic techniques (for example PCR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to detect C. trachomatis among patients with symptoms of non-gonorrheal urethritis using diagnostic serologic methods and direct immunofluorescence. The purpose was to assess the connection between the incidence of urinary tract infections caused by C. trachomatis and symptoms that patients report as well as other data from interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood serum and urethral smears were taken from each of 57 patients. The ELISA method was used to mark specific IgG and IgGcHSP60 anti-chlamydia antibodies in the blood serum. In the urethral smear, antigens were marked using the direct immunofluorescence method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence for urinary tract infection caused by C. trachomatis was found in 15.79% of the examined patients using the immunofluorescence method. In the blood serum, positive results for IgGcHSP60 were obtained in 17.54% of the patients and for IgG in 8.77%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies carried out so far suggest that C. trachomatis has a significant role in the etiology of urethritis in adults and children. Other serological tests should be conducted in all the patients in order to study the immune responses in infected individuals and to confirm C. trachomatis infection using genetic methods such as PCR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frej-Mądrzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teryks-Wołyniec
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jama-Kmiecik
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choroszy-Król
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000276:immunology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014521:Urethra / Q000382:microbiology*; D014526:Urethritis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D007074:Immunoglobulin G