title: Visualization of cellulose synthases in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls.
abstract: Cellulose biosynthesis in plant secondary cell walls forms the basis of vascular development in land plants, with xylem tissues constituting the vast majority of terrestrial biomass. We used plant lines that contained an inducible master transcription factor controlling xylem cell fate to quantitatively image fluorescently tagged cellulose synthase enzymes during cellulose deposition in living protoxylem cells. The formation of secondary cell wall thickenings was associated with a redistribution and enrichment of CESA7-containing cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) into narrow membrane domains. The velocities of secondary cell wall-specific CSCs were faster than those of primary cell wall CSCs during abundant cellulose production. Dynamic intracellular of endomembranes, in combination with increased velocity and high density of CSCs, enables cellulose to be synthesized rapidly in secondary cell walls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Meents
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barkwill
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sampathkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. annelacey.samuels@botany.ubc.ca shawn.mansfield@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. annelacey.samuels@botany.ubc.ca shawn.mansfield@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mansfield
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002482:Cellulose / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000201:enzymology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008870:Microtubules / Q000201:enzymology; D021381:Protein Transport; D052584:Xylem / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C120025:IRX3 protein, Arabidopsis; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D002482:Cellulose; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C478648:cellulose synthase