title: Transcription factor ART1 mediates starch hydrolysis and mycotoxin production in Fusarium graminearum and F. verticillioides.
abstract: Molecular mechanisms underlying the responses to environmental factors, such as nitrogen, carbon and pH, involve components that regulate the production of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins. In this study, we identified and characterized a gene in the FGSG_02083 locus, designated as FgArt1, which was predicted to encode a Zn(II)2 Cys6 zinc finger transcription factor. An FgArt1 deletion mutant of Fusarium graminearum exhibited impaired starch hydrolysis as a result of significantly reduced α-amylase gene expression. The deletion strain was unable to produce trichothecenes and exhibited low Tri5 and Tri6 expression levels, whereas the complemented strain showed a similar ability to produce trichothecenes as the wild-type strain. In addition, FgArt1 deletion resulted in impairment of germination in starch liquid medium and reduced pathogenicity on flowering wheat heads. To investigate the roles of the FgArt1 homologue in F. verticillioides, we deleted the FVEG_02083 gene, and the resulting strain showed defects in starch hydrolysis, similar to the FgArt1 deletion strain, and produced no detectable level of fumonisin B1 . Fum1 and Fum12 expression levels were undetectable in the deletion strain. However, when the FvArt1-deleted F. verticillioides strain was complemented with FgArt1, the resulting strain was unable to recover the production of fumonisin B1 , although FgArt1 expression and starch hydrolysis were induced. Thus, our results suggest that there are different regulatory pathways governed by each ART1 transcription factor in trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis. Taken together, we suggest that ART1 plays an important role in both trichothecene and fumonisin biosynthesis by the regulation of genes involved in starch hydrolysis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea.|Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hokyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gyung Ja
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chanhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea.|Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-350, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yin-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes; C056933:fumonisin B1; D002244:Carbon; D013213:Starch
keywords: Fusarium graminearum; starch hydrolysis; transcription factor; trichothecene