title: Infrared cameras are potential traceable "fixed points" for future thermometry studies.
abstract: The National physical laboratory (NPL) requires "fixed points" whose temperatures have been established by the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS 90) be used for device calibration. In practice, "near" blackbody radiators together with the standard platinum resistance thermometer is accepted as a standard. The aim of this study was to report the correlation and limits of agreement (LOA) of the thermal infrared camera and non-contact infrared temporal thermometer against each other and the "near" blackbody radiator. Temperature readings from an infrared thermography camera (FLIR T650sc) and a non-contact infrared temporal thermometer (Hubdic FS-700) were compared to a near blackbody (Hyperion R blackbody model 982) at 0.5 °C increments between 20-40 °C. At each increment, blackbody cavity temperature was confirmed with the platinum resistance thermometer. Measurements were taken initially with the thermal infrared camera followed by the infrared thermometer, with each device mounted in turn on a stand at a fixed distance of 20 cm and 5 cm from the blackbody aperture, respectively. The platinum thermometer under-estimated the blackbody temperature by 0.015 °C (95% LOA: -0.08 °C to 0.05 °C), in contrast to the thermal infrared camera and infrared thermometer which over-estimated the blackbody temperature by 0.16 °C (95% LOA: 0.03 °C to 0.28 °C) and 0.75 °C (95% LOA: -0.30 °C to 1.79 °C), respectively. Infrared thermometer over-estimates thermal infrared camera measurements by 0.6 °C (95% LOA: -0.46 °C to 1.65 °C). In conclusion, the thermal infrared camera is a potential temperature reference "fixed point" that could substitute mercury thermometers. However, further repeatability and reproducibility studies will be required with different models of thermal infrared cameras.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Leicester , Infirmary Road , Leicester LE2 7LX , UK .|b NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , Leicester , UK .
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yap Kannan
authors.affiliation: c Emergency Department Academic Unit , and.|d Space Research Centre, Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Infirmary Road , Leicester LE2 7LX , UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keresztes
authors.affiliation: c Emergency Department Academic Unit , and.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: c Emergency Department Academic Unit , and.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Coats
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Leicester , Infirmary Road , Leicester LE2 7LX , UK .|b NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit , Leicester , UK .
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bown
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013696:Temperature; D062125:Thermometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Blackbody radiator; non-contact infrared thermometer (IRTh); standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT); thermal infrared camera (IRTg)