title: Management of pediatric pyocele using percutaneous imaging-guided aspiration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pyocele of the scrotum is a rare clinical entity not well-described in the pediatric literature. With the exception of those patients who cannot undergo surgery, all published cases have been treated definitely with surgical drainage with severe cases leading to orchiectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12 day-old full-term boy with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of fever, right hemiscrotal redness, swelling and discomfort. Scrotal ultrasound revealed findings consistent with an acute pyocele of the tunica vaginalis also known as an infected hydrocele. The infection was successfully managed with ultrasound-guided transcutaneous aspiration under local anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of percutaneous aspiration of infant pyocele Pediatric patients diagnosed with acute pyocele require immediate urologic evaluation, with a consideration for surgical exploration and drainage. Unfortunately, orchiectomy may be required at the time of surgical exploration in severe cases. Percutaneous drainage is a non-operative, minimally invasive treatment modality that avoids orchiectomy and the risks of general anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous drainage avoids open surgical exploration, expedites recovery, and is performed in the absence of general anesthesia in select cases.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Anne & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: Daniel-oberlin@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Oberlin
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Anne & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Earl Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cheng
keywords: Infected hydrocele; Non-surgical management; Pyocele