title: Bromodomains: Translating the words of lysine acetylation into myelin injury and repair.
abstract: Bromodomains are evolutionarily highly conserved α-helical structural motifs that recognize and bind acetylated lysine residues. Lysine acetylation is being increasingly recognized as a major posttranslational modification involved in diverse cellular processes and protein interactions and its deregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer. Bromodomain-containing proteins can have a wide variety of functions, ranging from histone acetyltransferase activity and chromatin remodeling to transcriptional mediation and co-activation. The role of bromodomains in translating a deregulated cell acetylome into disease phenotypes was recently unveiled by the development of small molecule bromodomain inhibitors. This breakthrough discovery highlighted bromodomain-containing proteins as key players of inflammatory pathways responsible for myelin injury and also demonstrated their role in several aspects of myelin repair including oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: achilles.ntranos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Achilles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ntranos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA; Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casaccia
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012038:Regeneration
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Bromodomains; Lysine acetylation; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin injury; Remyelination