title: Effects of Multi-metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Mn) Mixtures on the Reproduction of Freshwater Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.
abstract: In the field, organisms are usually exposed to mixtures of various metals. However, the effects of multi-metal mixtures on growth and reproduction of rotifers remain unknown. In the present study, effects of multi-metal mixtures (Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Mn) on reproduction of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were assessed by determining various endpoints, including the ratio of ovigerous females to nonovigerous females, the ratio of mictic to amictic females, the mictic rate, the fertilization rate, the population growth rate, and the resting eggs production. The results demonstrated that reproduction of rotifers was significantly affected by all multi-metal mixtures assessed. Moreover, the ratio of mictic to amictic females was the most sensitive endpoint and might be suitable to evaluate effects of multi-metal mixtures to rotifers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.|College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China. ylxi1965@126.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011158:Population Growth; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Metal interaction; Reproduction; Rotifer; Sex ratio