title: Genome sequencing of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) provides insight into high starch and low fat accumulation and domestication.
abstract: Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), an important legume crop, is grown in more than 30 countries of the world. The seed of adzuki bean, as an important source of starch, digestible protein, mineral elements, and vitamins, is widely used foods for at least a billion people. Here, we generated a high-quality draft genome sequence of adzuki bean by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The assembled contig sequences reached to 450 Mb (83% of the genome) with an N50 of 38 kb, and the total scaffold sequences were 466.7 Mb with an N50 of 1.29 Mb. Of them, 372.9 Mb of scaffold sequences were assigned to the 11 chromosomes of adzuki bean by using a single nucleotide polymorphism genetic map. A total of 34,183 protein-coding genes were predicted. Functional analysis revealed that significant differences in starch and fat content between adzuki bean and soybean were likely due to transcriptional abundance, rather than copy number variations, of the genes related to starch and oil synthesis. We detected strong selection signals in domestication by the population analysis of 50 accessions including 11 wild, 11 semiwild, 17 landraces, and 11 improved varieties. In addition, the semiwild accessions were illuminated to have a closer relationship to the cultigen accessions than the wild type, suggesting that the semiwild adzuki bean might be a preliminary landrace and play some roles in the adzuki bean domestication. The genome sequence of adzuki bean will facilitate the identification of agronomically important genes and accelerate the improvement of adzuki bean.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
authors.forename: Zhixi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Chunhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Longhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Yisong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Weiyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Yueyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Danjiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Jinyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Mingli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Dongjing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502 324, India pingwan@bua.edu.cn r.k.varshney@cgiar.org wangj@genomics.org.cn hqling@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Varshney
authors.affiliation: Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; pingwan@bua.edu.cn r.k.varshney@cgiar.org wangj@genomics.org.cn hqling@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; pingwan@bua.edu.cn r.k.varshney@cgiar.org wangj@genomics.org.cn hqling@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; pingwan@bua.edu.cn r.k.varshney@cgiar.org wangj@genomics.org.cn hqling@genetics.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D013213:Starch
keywords: adzuki bean; domestication; fat synthesis genes; genome sequence; starch synthesis genes