title: In Vitro Characterization of the Pharmacological Properties of the Anti-Cancer Chelator, Bp4eT, and Its Phase I Metabolites.
abstract: Cancer cells have a high iron requirement and many experimental studies, as well as clinical trials, have demonstrated that iron chelators are potential anti-cancer agents. The ligand, 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT), demonstrates both potent anti-neoplastic and anti-retroviral properties. In this study, Bp4eT and its recently identified amidrazone and semicarbazone metabolites were examined and compared with respect to their anti-proliferative activity towards cancer cells (HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma), non-cancerous cells (H9c2 neonatal rat-derived cardiomyoblasts and 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts) and their interaction with intracellular iron pools. Bp4eT was demonstrated to be a highly potent and selective anti-neoplastic agent that induces S phase cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Both semicarbazone and amidrazone metabolites showed at least a 300-fold decrease in cytotoxic activity than Bp4eT towards both cancer and normal cell lines. The metabolites also lost the ability to: (1) promote the redox cycling of iron; (2) bind and mobilize iron from labile intracellular pools; and (3) prevent 59Fe uptake from 59Fe-labeled transferrin by MCF-7 cells. Hence, this study demonstrates that the highly active ligand, Bp4eT, is metabolized to non-toxic and pharmacologically inactive analogs, which most likely contribute to its favorable pharmacological profile. These findings are important for the further development of this drug candidate and contribute to the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eliška
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Potůčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macháček
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stariat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vít
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Šesták
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jansová
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavlína
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hašková
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jirkovská
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vávrová
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kovaříková
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Danuta S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kalinowski
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Des R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Šimůnek
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D059807:S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D012664:Semicarbazones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: C550921:2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012664:Semicarbazones; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones; D007501:Iron