title: Verbal and non-verbal memory and hippocampal volumes in a memory clinic population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Better characterization of the relationship between episodic memory and hippocampal volumes is crucial in early detection of neurodegenerative disease. We examined these relationships in a memory clinic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 226) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and tests of verbal (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, HVLT-R) and non-verbal (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, BVMT-R) memory. Correlational analyses were performed, and analyses on clinical subgroups (i.e., amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, non-amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, probable Alzheimer's disease, intact memory) were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive associations were identified between bilateral hippocampal volumes and both memory measures, and BVMT-R learning slope was more strongly positively associated with hippocampal volumes than HVLT-R learning slope. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) participants showed specific positive associations between BVMT-R performance and hippocampal volumes bilaterally. Additionally, analyses of the aMCI group showed trend-level evidence of material-specific lateralization, such that retention of verbal information was positively associated with left hippocampal volume, whereas learning curve and retention of non-verbal information was positively associated with right hippocampal volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the link between episodic memory and hippocampal volumes in a memory clinic population. Non-verbal memory measures also may have higher diagnostic value, particularly in individuals at elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/U10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. aaronbonnerjackson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonner-Jackson
authors.affiliation: Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/U10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. mahmous@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Shamseldeen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA. millerj4@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA. bankss2@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Banks
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D013067:Speech Perception