title: Being alexithymic: Necessity or convenience. Negative emotionality × avoidant coping interactions and alexithymia.
abstract: We aimed to clarify the associations between negative emotionality, avoidant coping, and alexithymia. We hypothesized that negative emotionality and avoidance strategies would interact negatively in associating with alexithymia.
  
  
  
  We examined, in one study conducted in Italy and another in the US (total N = 415), the associations among avoidant coping, negative emotionality, and alexithymia, using cross-sectional designs.
  
  
  
  Study 1: Participants completed paper-and-pencil measures of alexithymia, avoidant coping, and negative emotionality. Study 2: Participants completed the above-mentioned measures plus a measure of experiential avoidance (EA), by means of an online questionnaire.
  
  
  
  As expected, an antagonistic avoidant coping × negative emotionality interaction was found to relate to alexithymia in both studies. In Study 2, EA mediated the effects of such interaction on alexithymia (mediated moderation). The interaction found implied that alexithymia would be adopted as a defence against negative affect or as a consequence of avoidant strategies.
  
  
  
  The studies suggested that two different psychological pathways to alexithymia may be at work: Preference for avoidance and negative emotionality. This result appeared theoretically relevant and may stimulate further research.
  
  
  
  Alexithymia may develop from habitual avoidance, regardless of negative emotionality. Practitioners could consider addressing negative emotional regulation or automatic and habitual avoidant responses in dealing with alexithymic patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bilotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giacomantonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy.|Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coriale
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067657:Pessimism / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: alexithymia; avoidant coping strategies; moderation; negative emotionality; psychological distress