title: Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Glaucoma Among Patients with Uveitis in a University-based Tertiary Referral Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and risk factors of secondary glaucoma among uveitis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records of 642 patients (1220 eyes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glaucoma was diagnosed in 169 (13.9%) eyes and was most common in eyes with anterior uveitis (19.1%) (p < 0.001). HLA-B27-positive anterior uveitis (27.6%), Fuchs' uveitis (23.3%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (23.1%), herpetic uveitis (20.3%), and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (16.3%) were the leading clinical entities associated with glaucoma (p < 0.001). Significant risk factors at presentation included worse visual acuity, elevated intraocular pressure, keratic precipitates, granulomatous inflammation, anterior chamber reaction≥ 2+, posterior synechiae, and cataract. Female gender and iris nodules significantly predicted the need for glaucoma surgery. Visual outcome was worse in eyes with glaucoma than in eyes without glaucoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of glaucoma differed depending on anatomic and etiologic diagnoses of uveitis. There is a significant association between severity of inflammation at presentation and development of glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Rubaie
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Huda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Dhahri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Fawaz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hemachandran
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.affiliation: b Family & Community Medicine Department , College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and.
authors.forename: Ashry G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Saleh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Obeidan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia .|c Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abu El-Asrar
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Glaucoma; incidence; risk factors; uveitis