title: Effects of Low-Dose Unfractionated Heparin Pretreatment on Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.
abstract: Heparin is a pleiotropic drug that antagonizes many pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated whether heparin prevents early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in mice. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in mice randomly assigned to sham-operated (n = 8), SAH + vehicle (n = 12), SAH + 10 U heparin pretreatment (n = 11), and SAH + 30 U heparin pretreatment (n = 14) groups. At 24 h post-SAH, severity of SAH, neurological scores, and brain water content were evaluated. Low-dose heparin pretreatment improved neurobehavioral function, and decreased brain edema in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere to the perforation side. High-dose heparin had a tendency for increased SAH, which obscured the neuroprotective effects by heparin. Low-dose heparin pretreatment may decrease the development of post-SAH EBI.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. johnzhang3910@yahoo.com.|Departments of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. johnzhang3910@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009026:Mortality; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011677:Punctures; D011897:Random Allocation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D006493:Heparin
keywords: Brain edema; Early brain injury; Heparin; Subarachnoid hemorrhage