title: Rice ASR1 and ASR5 are complementary transcription factors regulating aluminium responsive genes.
abstract: Rice is the most tolerant staple crop to aluminium (Al) toxicity, which is a limiting stress for grain production worldwide. This Al tolerance is the result of combined mechanisms that are triggered in part by the transcription factor ASR5. ASRs are dual target proteins that participate as chaperones in the cytoplasm and as transcription factors in the nucleus. Moreover, these proteins respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salt, drought and Al. Rice plants with silenced ASR genes are highly sensitive to Al. ASR5, a well-characterized protein, binds to specific cis elements in Al responsive genes and regulates their expression. Because the Al sensitive phenotype found in silenced rice plants could be due to the mutual silencing of ASR1 and ASR5, we investigated the effect of the specific silencing of ASR5. Plants with artificial microRNA silencing of ASR5 present a non-transformed phenotype in response to Al because of the induction of ASR1. ASR1 has the same subcellular localization as ASR5, binds to ASR5 cis-regulatory elements, regulates ASR5 regulated genes in a non-preferential manner and might replace ASR5 under certain conditions. Our results indicate that ASR1 and ASR5 act in concert and complementarily to regulate gene expression in response to Al.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Augusto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Arenhart
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schunemann
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bucker Neto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.|Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margis
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margis-Pinheiro
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008954:Models, Biological; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000535:Aluminum
keywords: aluminium; artificial microRNA; transcription factor