title: Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FAS pathway and acute kidney injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FAS and related genes are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 401 (Caucasian N = 310 and African-American N = 91) patients aged ≥ 13 years with ALI who enrolled in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) between 2000 and 2005 from 20 North American centers. We genotyped 367 SNPs in 45 genes of the Fas/Fas ligand pathway to identify associations between SNPs in Fas pathway genes and the development of AKI by day 2 after enrollment in FACTT, adapting Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from participants or legally authorized surrogates in the original FACTT study and available to use for secondary analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Caucasian patients, we identified associations between two SNPs and the incidence of AKI (stage 1 and above): rs1050851 and rs2233417; both are found within the gene for nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (NFKBIA). For rs1050851 and rs2233417, the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.34 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.58-3.46, p = 1.06 × 10(-5), FDR = 0.003) and 2.46 (CI = 1.61-3.76, p = 1.81 × 10(-5), FDR = 0.003) for each minor allele, respectively. The associations were stronger still for AKIN stage 2-3 with respective ORs 4.00 (CI = 2.10-7.62, p = 1.05 × 10(-5), FDR = 0.003) and 4.03 (CI = 2.09-7.77, p = 1.88 × 10(-5), FDR = 0.003) for each minor allele homozygote. We observed no significant association between these SNPs and AKI in the smaller subset of African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Caucasian patients with ALI, the presence of minor alleles in two SNPs in NFKBIA was strongly associated with the development of AKI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00281268 . Registered 20/01/2006.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359640, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA. Bhatraju@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Pavan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhatraju
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. cwhsu8@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. paramit_mukherj@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Paramita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, USA. bglavan@orclinic.com.
authors.forename: Bradford J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Glavan
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. aaburt@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. cmikacen@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mikacenic
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. himmej@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Himmelfarb
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. mwurfel@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wurfel
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha