title: Teaching learning methods of an entrepreneurship curriculum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most significant elements of entrepreneurship curriculum design is teaching-learning methods, which plays a key role in studies and researches related to such a curriculum. It is the teaching method, and systematic, organized and logical ways of providing lessons that should be consistent with entrepreneurship goals and contents, and should also be developed according to the learners' needs. Therefore, the current study aimed to introduce appropriate, modern, and effective methods of teaching entrepreneurship and their validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a mixed method research of a sequential exploratory kind conducted through two stages: a) developing teaching methods of entrepreneurship curriculum, and b) validating developed framework. Data were collected through "triangulation" (study of documents, investigating theoretical basics and the literature, and semi-structured interviews with key experts). Since the literature on this topic is very rich, and views of the key experts are vast, directed and summative content analysis was used. In the second stage, qualitative credibility of research findings was obtained using qualitative validation criteria (credibility, confirmability, and transferability), and applying various techniques. Moreover, in order to make sure that the qualitative part is reliable, reliability test was used. Moreover, quantitative validation of the developed framework was conducted utilizing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods and Cronbach's alpha. The data were gathered through distributing a three-aspect questionnaire (direct presentation teaching methods, interactive, and practical-operational aspects) with 29 items among 90 curriculum scholars. Target population was selected by means of purposive sampling and representative sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results obtained from exploratory factor analysis showed that a three factor structure is an appropriate method for describing elements of teaching-learning methods of entrepreneurship curriculum. Moreover, the value for Kaiser Meyer Olkin measure of sampling adequacy equaled 0.72 and the value for Bartlett's test of variances homogeneity was significant at the 0.0001 level. Except for internship element, the rest had a factor load of higher than 0.3. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed the model appropriateness, and the criteria for qualitative accreditation were acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developed model can help instructors in selecting an appropriate method of entrepreneurship teaching, and it can also make sure that the teaching is on the right path. Moreover, the model is comprehensive and includes all the effective teaching methods in entrepreneurship education. It is also based on qualities, conditions, and requirements of Higher Education Institutions in Iranian cultural environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Administration and Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Keramat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Administration and Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Rahmatallah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marzoughi
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Administration and Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torkzadeh
keywords: Curriculum; Learning; Teaching