title: Evaluating organophosphate poisoning in human serum with paper.
abstract: This manuscript describes the development and clinical testing of a paper-based, metabolic assay designed for rapid, semi-quantitative measurement of organophosphate poisoning. Paper-based platforms, including point-of-care devices and 96-well plates, provided semi-quantitative information regarding the concentration of AchE (a biomarker for organophosphate poisoning). The paper-based 96-well-plate developed and implemented in this study was used to measure the level of organophosphate poisoning in three different clinical patients. Results were comparable to those obtained using conventional hospital methods currently considered the "gold standard". This diagnostic device offers several advantages over conventional methods, including short operating time (twice as fast as conventional methods), procedure simplicity, and reduced fabrication cost. With further commercialization efforts, the methods described in this manuscript could be applied to a wide range of potential diagnostic applications in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzung-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Yen
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Electronic address: chaomin@mx.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chao-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood*; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010209:Paper
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002235:Carbofuran
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Organophosphate poisoning; Paper-based platform; Rapid diagnosis