title: Inhibition of enamel demineralisation using "Nd-YAG and diode laser assisted fluoride therapy".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study was to evaluate the irradiation efficacy of the Diode laser and the Nd-YAG laser either un-assisted or assisted by acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) treatment on enamel's acid resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two enamel samples, obtained from 12 extracted human molars, were randomly assigned to 6 groups as follows: (1) Control (C); (2) Exposed to APF gel (F); (3) Diode laser (DL); (4) Irradiated with Diode laser through APF gel (DL/F); (5) Nd-YAG laser (NL) and (6) Irradiated with Nd-YAG laser through APF gel (NL/F). The specimens were individually demineralised in an acidified hydroxyethylcellulose system, and the acid resistance was evaluated by determining the calcium ion dissolution using atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average concentration of the calcium ion determined in groups 1 to 6 was 901, 757, 736, 592, 497 and 416 parts per million micrograms/gram, respectively. The results showed that demineralisation in the NL/F group was significantly less than the other groups and the control group was significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of Nd-YAG laser irradiation, used alone or in combination with APF, in decreasing the enamel demineralisation was greater than all the other groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, India. drbintichand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chand
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, India. drsadanandkulkarni@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, India. drprashantmishra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D003743:Dental Enamel; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Atomic absorption spectrometry; Demineralisation; Enamel; Lasers