title: Basal forebrain circuit for sleep-wake control.
abstract: The mammalian basal forebrain (BF) has important roles in controlling sleep and wakefulness, but the underlying neural circuit remains poorly understood. We examined the BF circuit by recording and optogenetically perturbing the activity of four genetically defined cell types across sleep-wake cycles and by comprehensively mapping their synaptic connections. Recordings from channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-tagged neurons revealed that three BF cell types, cholinergic, glutamatergic and parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic neurons, were more active during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (wake/REM active) than during non-REM (NREM) sleep, and activation of each cell type rapidly induced wakefulness. By contrast, activation of somatostatin-positive (SOM+) GABAergic neurons promoted NREM sleep, although only some of them were NREM active. Synaptically, the wake-promoting neurons were organized hierarchically by glutamatergic→cholinergic→PV+ neuron excitatory connections, and they all received inhibition from SOM+ neurons. Together, these findings reveal the basic organization of the BF circuit for sleep-wake control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Shinjae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Siyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Chenyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weissbourd
authors.affiliation: Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-877X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dan
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D066187:Basal Forebrain / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010320:Parvalbumins; D000109:Acetylcholine