title: Indications for episiotomy performance - a cross-sectional survey and review of the literature.
abstract: Our objective was to assess the reported reasons for episiotomy performance in Israel and to review the relevant professional literature. Using anonymous questionnaires, a survey was conducted among obstetricians and midwives in four northern Israel hospitals, and the accoucheurs were asked to score their agreement with 13 proposed indications for episiotomy. Overall, 84 doctors and 32 midwives completed the questionnaires. 86.1% of the responders reported performing episiotomy in all or most cases of shoulder dystocia, and more than half reported performing it in most cases of vacuum deliveries, fetal macrosomia and advanced perineal tear in previous delivery. Subjective assessment of perineal characteristics constituted a justified reason for episiotomy for 15.8-43.9% of the accoucheurs. In conclusion, there is a wide variation in reported reasons for episiotomy between the obstetricians, and many of these indications are not congruent with international practice guidelines. Uniform protocols and educational programmes are needed to guide episiotomy practice.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Carmel Medical Center , Haifa , Israel.|b Genetics Institute, HaEmek Medical Center , Afula , Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sagi-Dain
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Bnai Zion Medical Center , Haifa , Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagi
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Episiotomy; macrosomia; shoulder dystocia; vacuum delivery