title: Telmisartan combined with probucol effectively reduces urinary protein in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistent proteinuria is an important factor contributing to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with the antioxidant probucol in reducing urinary protein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with T2D and 24-h proteinuria 0.5-3 g were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of two groups: a telmisartan or a probucol + telmisartan group. Both groups were given telmisartan 80 mg q.d. for 48 weeks. The probucol + telmisartan group was given probucol 500 mg b.i.d. for the first 24 weeks, with the dosage then reduced to 250 mg b.i.d. for the remaining 24 weeks. The telmisartan group was given probucol placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 160 patients were enrolled in the present study. The 24-h proteinuria levels were significantly reduced in the probucol + telmisartan compared with telmisartan group. For patients with baseline 24-h proteinuria levels <1.0 g, both treatments resulted in significant reductions in 24-h proteinuria levels after 48 weeks treatment. However, in patients with baseline 24-h proteinuria levels ≥1.0 g, 24-h proteinuria levels after 48 weeks treatment were only reduced in the probucol + telmisartan group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for either adverse cardiovascular or other events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with diabetic nephropathy, probucol combined with telmisartan more effectively reduces urinary protein levels than telmisartan alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiangmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guangyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Moyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hebin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenge
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lide
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jijun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, 306th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011341:Probucol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077333:Telmisartan; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011341:Probucol; D000077333:Telmisartan
keywords: diabetic nephropathy; probucol; telmisartan; urinary protein; 尿蛋白; 普罗布考; 替米沙坦; 糖尿病肾病