title: Heavy metals in the gold mine soil of the upstream area of a metropolitan drinking water source.
abstract: Pinggu District is adjacent to the county of Miyun, which contains the largest drinking water source of Beijing (Miyun Reservoir). The Wanzhuang gold field and tailing deposits are located in Pinggu, threatening Beijing's drinking water security. In this study, soil samples were collected from the surface of the mining area and the tailings piles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties, as well as heavy metal contents and particle size fraction to study the relationship between degree of pollution degree and particle size. Most metal concentrations in the gold mine soil samples exceeded the background levels in Beijing. The spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was the same, while that of Cr and Ni was relatively similar. Trace element concentrations increased in larger particles, decreased in the 50-74 μm size fraction, and were lowest in the <2 μm size fraction. Multivariate analysis showed that Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb originated from anthropogenic sources, while Cr, Ni, and Sc were of natural origin. The geo-accumulation index indicated serious Pb, As, and Cd pollution, but moderate to no Ni, Cr, and Hg pollution. The Tucker 3 model revealed three factors for particle fractions, metals, and samples. There were two factors in model A and three factors for both the metals and samples (models B and C, respectively). The potential ecological risk index shows that most of the study areas have very high potential ecological risk, a small portion has high potential ecological risk, and only a few sampling points on the perimeter have moderate ecological risk, with higher risk closer to the mining area.
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huaijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.|State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China. ji.hongbing@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Geological Engineering Design and Research Institute, Beijing, 101500, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aixing
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mergem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briki
mesh_terms: D000068476:Beijing; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006046:Gold; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008906:Mining; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D006046:Gold
keywords: Heavy metals; Mine soil; Multivariate analysis; Risk assessment; Source identification; Tucker 3 model