title: Frailty and health service use in rural South Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frailty is a common geriatric condition, well known to contribute to morbidity and mortality. What is not yet well articulated in the literature is the health service use of frail older people in rural areas. This study investigated the impact of frailty on health service use in rural South Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This secondary cross-sectional analysis included people aged ≥ 65 years from the LINKIN health census in Port Lincoln. Frailty was classified using a Frailty Index (FI) score ≥ 0.25. Health service use was determined by patient questionnaire. All regression analyses controlled for age, gender and education level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1501 people [mean (SD) age=75.9 (7.9)] years were included. Frailty prevalence was 25%, with this prevalence higher in females (29%) than in males (21%). Compared with their non-frail peers, frail adults were more likely to have consulted health providers, including: general practitioners (GPs) (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI=2.09, 1.24-3.53); physiotherapists (OR, CI=2.42, 1.80-3.25); mental health providers (OR, CI=2.88, 1.42-5.85); community nurses (OR, CI=2.57, 1.73-3.82); and dieticians (OR, CI=2.77, 1.77-4.48). They were also more likely to have visited a health professional prior to a problem occurring (OR, CI=1.51, 1.08-2.11), travelled to the city for a specialist appointment (OR, CI=1.53, 1.11-2.11), and to have been hospitalised in the previous 12 months (OR, CI=2.39, 1.74-3.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frail older adults were more likely to use several health services, yet often had unmet needs in their health care.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: elsa.dent@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoon
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karnon
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Rural Health, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Port Lincoln, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newbury
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitson
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Torrens University of Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beilby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Frail elderly; Health services/utilization; South Australia/epidemiology