title: Basal Ganglia Damage in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
abstract: Research suggests that early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a primary therapeutic target, and early SAH-induced basal ganglia injury is not well studied. The present study examined basal ganglia injury in a rat model of SAH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 78) weighing 275-300 g underwent endovascular perforation to mimic aneurysmal SAH. Sham rats (n = 12) underwent the same procedure but without perforation. Magnetic resonance imaging (T2 MRI) was performed at 24 h after SAH to measure ventricle volumes and brain T2 lesion. Hydrocephalus in SAH rats was defined as a ventricular volume greater than three standard deviations above that in shams. Western blotting and immunochemistry were utilized to assess basal ganglia damage. Sixty rats survived the SAH and 40 % of those animals had T2 lesions in the basal ganglia. Twenty-six SAH rats had hydrocephalus. Rats with hydrocephalus had higher incidence of basal ganglia lesion (69 vs. 18 % in rats without hydrocephalus; p < 0.01). Basal ganglia neuronal injury was also determined by examining the levels of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32). We found that rats with hydrocephalus had more severe basal ganglia injury with greater DARPP-32 depletion (DARPP-32/beta-actin: 0.38 ± 0.32 vs. 0.86 ± 0.45 in rats without hydrocephalus and 1.10 ± 0.28 in sham, p < 0.05). In conclusion, SAH resulted in severe basal ganglia damage, which is associated with hydrocephalus development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.|Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Haining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. guohuaxi@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 / Q000378:metabolism; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011677:Punctures; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; C497930:Ppp1r1b protein, rat; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Basal ganglia; Hydrocephalus; Neuronal death; Rats; Subarachnoid hemorrhage