title: The efficacy of celecoxib in preventing heterotopic ossification recurrence after open arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heterotopic ossification (HO) recurrence after joint surgery is always a disturbing problem for patients and surgeons. Our study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in preventing the recurrence of HO after open arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 152 patients with stiff elbows caused by post-traumatic HO. After surgery, 77 patients received celecoxib (200 mg once daily) for 28 days, whereas 75 did not. Radiographic evaluation was performed at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine which factors affected HO recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HO was both more common and more severe in the no-celecoxib group than in the celecoxib group at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. A significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative extension (P = .030), flexion (P = .008), and pronation (P = .005); however, no significant difference in postoperative supination was noted (P = .622). Logistic regression analysis showed that taking celecoxib was the protective factor for HO recurrence, whereas overweight (body mass index > 25) and male gender were the risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short course of celecoxib aids in the prevention of HO recurrence after open arthrolysis for elbow stiffness in adults and could be an effective and safe option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yangbai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiangyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fengfeng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hongjiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: fancunyi888@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Cunyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000068579:Celecoxib / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D000092464:Elbow Injuries
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D000068579:Celecoxib
keywords: Heterotopic ossification; celecoxib; elbow stiffness; open arthrolysis; risk factor; trauma