title: An Effective and Reproducible Model of Ventricular Fibrillation in Crossbred Yorkshire Swine (Sus scrofa) for Use in Physiologic Research.
abstract: Transcutaneous electrical induction (TCEI) has been used to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF) in laboratory swine for physiologic and resuscitation research. Many studies do not describe the method of TCEI in detail, thus making replication by future investigators difficult. Here we describe a detailed method of electrically inducing VF that was used successfully in a prospective, experimental resuscitation study. Specifically, an electrical current was passed through the heart to induce VF in crossbred Yorkshire swine (n = 30); the current was generated by using two 22-gauge spinal needles, with one placed above and one below the heart, and three 9V batteries connected in series. VF developed in 28 of the 30 pigs (93%) within 10 s of beginning the procedure. In the remaining 2 swine, VF was induced successfully after medial redirection of the superior parasternal needle. The TCEI method is simple, reproducible, and cost-effective. TCEI may be especially valuable to researchers with limited access to funding, sophisticated equipment, or colleagues experienced in interventional cardiology techniques. The TCEI method might be most appropriate for pharmacologic studies requiring VF, VF resulting from the R-on-T phenomenon (as in prolonged QT syndrome), and VF arising from other ectopic or reentrant causes. However, the TCEI method does not accurately model the most common cause of VF, acute coronary occlusive disease. Researchers must consider the limitations of TCEI that may affect internal and external validity of collected data, when designing experiments using this model of VF.
authors.affiliation: The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA; Academy of Health Sciences, US Army Medical Department and School, Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. James.burgert@alumni.bcm.edu.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burgert
authors.affiliation: The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA; Academy of Health Sciences, US Army Medical Department and School, Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garcia-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Academy of Health Sciences, US Army Medical Department and School, Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: W John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Academy of Health Sciences, US Army Medical Department and School, Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D010827:Physiology / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology