title: Comparison of three neurotropic viruses reveals differences in viral dissemination to the central nervous system.
abstract: Neurotropic viruses initiate infection in peripheral tissues prior to entry into the central nervous system (CNS). However, mechanisms of dissemination are not completely understood. We used genetically marked viruses to compare dissemination of poliovirus, yellow fever virus 17D (YFV-17D), and reovirus type 3 Dearing in mice from a hind limb intramuscular inoculation site to the sciatic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. While YFV-17D likely entered the CNS via blood, poliovirus and reovirus likely entered the CNS by transport through the sciatic nerve to the spinal cord. We found that dissemination was inefficient in adult immune-competent mice for all three viruses, particularly reovirus. Dissemination of all viruses was more efficient in immune-deficient mice. Although poliovirus and reovirus both accessed the CNS by transit through the sciatic nerve, stimulation of neuronal transport by muscle damage enhanced dissemination only of poliovirus. Our results suggest that these viruses access the CNS using different pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Luethy
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Palmy R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jesudhasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikizler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Terence S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Dermody
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address: Julie.Pfeiffer@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000821:virology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D030102:Orthoreovirus, Mammalian / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000821:virology*; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000821:virology; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: C508032:Ifnar1 protein, mouse; D007370:Interferon Type I; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta
keywords: Barrier; Interferon; Neurotropic; Poliovirus; Reovirus; Sciatic nerve; Virus; Yellow fever virus 17D