title: [Toxicology screening in paediatrics].
abstract: The prevalence of acute or chronic exposure to substances of abuse in paediatric patients, from the neonatal period to adolescence, is not well established as most cases go unnoticed. Regardless of clinical cases of acute poisoning leading to visits to emergency room, the exposure is usually detected by a questionnaire to the parents or children. In the last few years, new validated analytical methodologies have been developed in order to detect parent drugs and their metabolites in different biological matrices. These biological matrices have different time windows for detection of the exposure: acute (i.e., urine, blood, oral fluid), and chronic (i.e., hair, meconium or teeth). The aim of this paper was to review the scenarios where the use of biological matrices is indicated for the detection of acute or chronic exposure to substances of abuse.
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona; Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Retics, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departament de Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i Medicina Preventiva, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, España. Electronic address: 90458@hospitaldelmar.cat.
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Garcia-Algar
authors.affiliation: Departament de Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i Medicina Preventiva, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Ainoha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuadrado González
authors.affiliation: Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona; Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Retics, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Legal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falcon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: Alternative biological matrices; Cribado toxicológico; Drogas de abuso; Drugs of abuse; Exposición pasiva; Intoxicación; Matrices biológicas alternativas; Paediatrics; Passive exposure; Pediatría; Poisoning; Toxicology screening