title: [The history of spondylolisthesis. The nineteenth century: early case reports, terminology, etiology and pathogenesis].
abstract: The author describes the history of research and development of knowledge on lumbar spondylolisthesis. Based on the available literature, early case reports, creation of the terminology and etiological concepts are presented.
authors.affiliation: ORTON Research Institute Helsinki, Laajalahdentie 17A26, 00330, Helsinki, Finnland. dietrich.schlenzka@orton.fi.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlenzka
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history*; D005060:Europe; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Etiology; History; Lumbar spine; Spondylolisthesis; Vertebral slip