title: Antimicrobial effectiveness of cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc chloride-containing mouthrinses on bacteria of halitosis and peri-implant disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the antimicrobial efficacy of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) by testing their impact on the growth of seven bacterial strains known to be involved in the pathophysiology of both peri-implant disease and halitosis-Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A time-response growth curve was obtained. Commercial mouthrinses with CPC, ZnCl2, or both were added to the media in a final concentration of 0.25% CPC, 2.5% ZnCl2, and 2.5% ZnCl2 with 0.25% CPC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CPC and ZnCl2 effectively inhibited the growth of almost all bacterial strains tested except T denticola. ZnCl2 was generally more effective in suppressing bacterial growth than CPC. ZnCl2 with CPC showed the greatest inhibitory activities on almost all strains of bacterial growth except for P gingivalis and T denticola, followed by ZnCl2, then CPC, thus suggesting the possibility of a synergistic effect of the two agents. P gingivalis exhibited a different pattern because ZnCl2 showed the most significant inhibitory effect. CPC did not show growth inhibitory effects on T denticola, but ZnCl2 did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc and CPC effectively inhibit bacterial growth that causes both halitosis and peri-implant disease. The effect is even more powerful when applied in combination.
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yun Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Dae Jeong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Woon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects; D006209:Halitosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000187:drug effects; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D015921:Dental Implants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C016837:zinc chloride; D002594:Cetylpyridinium