title: The Value of a Well-Being Improvement Strategy: Longitudinal Success across Subjective and Objective Measures Observed in a Firm Adopting a Consumer-Driven Health Plan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of a firm's 5-year strategy toward improving well-being while lowering health care costs amidst adoption of a Consumer-Driven Health Plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures statistical models were employed to test and quantify association between key demographic factors, employment type, year, individual well-being, and outcomes of health care costs, obesity, smoking, absence, and performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average individual well-being trended upward by 13.5% over 5 years, monthly allowed amount health care costs declined 5.2% on average per person per year, and obesity and smoking rates declined by 4.8 and 9.7%, respectively, on average each year. The results show that individual well-being was significantly associated with each outcome and in the expected direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The firm's strategy was successful in driving statistically significant, longitudinal well-being, biometric and productivity improvements, and health care cost reduction.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc, Franklin, Tennessee (Guo, Dr Coberley, Dr Pope, Dr Wells).
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Carter
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coberley
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D013714:Tennessee; D000066477:Work Performance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult