title: The Fatty Acid Profile Analysis of Cyperus laxus Used for Phytoremediation of Soils from Aged Oil Spill-Impacted Sites Revealed That This Is a C18:3 Plant Species.
abstract: The effect of recalcitrant hydrocarbons on the fatty acid profile from leaf, basal corm, and roots of Cyperus laxus plants cultivated in greenhouse phytoremediation systems of soils from aged oil spill-impacted sites containing from 16 to 340 g/Kg total hydrocarbons (THC) was assessed to investigate if this is a C18:3 species and if the hydrocarbon removal during the phytoremediation process has a relationship with the fatty acid profile of this plant. The fatty acid profile was specific to each vegetative organ and was strongly affected by the hydrocarbons level in the impacted sites. Leaf extracts of plants from uncontaminated soil produced palmitic acid (C16), octadecanoic acid (C18:0), unsaturated oleic acids (C18:1-C18:3), and unsaturated eichosanoic (C20:2-C20:3) acids with a noticeable absence of the unsaturated hexadecatrienoic acid (C16:3); this finding demonstrates, for the first time, that C. laxus is a C18:3 plant. In plants from the phytoremediation systems, the total fatty acid contents in the leaf and the corm were negatively affected by the hydrocarbons presence; however, the effect was positive in root. Interestingly, under contaminated conditions, unusual fatty acids such as odd numbered carbons (C15, C17, C21, and C23) and uncommon unsaturated chains (C20:3n6 and C20:4) were produced together with a remarkable quantity of C22:2 and C24:0 chains in the corm and the leaf. These results demonstrate that weathered hydrocarbons may drastically affect the lipidic composition of C. laxus at the fatty acid level, suggesting that this species adjusts the cover lipid composition in its vegetative organs, mainly in roots, in response to the weathered hydrocarbon presence and uptake during the phytoremediation process.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F, México.
authors.forename: Noemí Araceli
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rivera Casado
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F, México.
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Montes Horcasitas
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F, México.
authors.forename: Refugio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F, México.
authors.forename: Fernando José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Esparza García
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Engineering, Postgraduate Division, TESE, Ecatepec Estado de México, México.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez Vargas
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F., México.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ariza Castolo
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Area, Edaphology Postgraduate, Postgraduate College, Montecillo, Edo. de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrera-Cerrato
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F, México.
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico D. F, México.
authors.forename: Graciano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calva Calva
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D029786:Cyperus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D012987:Soil