title: Limonoids from the Seeds of Swietenia macrophylla and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities.
abstract: A new limonoid, swietemacrophin (1), was isolated from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, together with five known compounds 2-6. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D/2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Swietemacrophin (1), humilinolide F (2), 3,6-O,O-diacetylswietenolide (3), 3-O-tigloylswietenolide (4), and swietemahonin E (5) exhibited inhibition (IC50 values≤45.44 μM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). Compounds 1, 4, 5, and swietenine (6) showed potent inhibition with IC50 values≤36.32 μM, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. icupdrab@gmail.com.|Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan. icupdrab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Li-Chai
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan. liaoch@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Ruei
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan. jjc5711@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 60077, Taiwan. m049@cjc.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wen-Lung
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. changth@vghks.gv.tw.
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan. pjsung@nmmba.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Ping-Jyun
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. wzh@mail.nsysu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan. jjchen@tajen.edu.tw.|Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan. jjchen@tajen.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jih-Jung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D036701:Limonins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D036701:Limonins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; C000609683:swietemacrophin; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; C042205:methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
keywords: Meliaceae; Swietenia macrophylla; anti-inflammatory activity; limonoid; structure elucidation