title: Remote Ischemic Postconditioning (RIPC) After GMH in Rodents.
abstract: Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is the most common and devastating neurological injury of premature infants, and current treatment approaches are ineffective. Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPC) is a method by which brief limb ischemic stimuli protect the injured brain. We hypothesized that RIPC can improve outcomes following GMH in rats. Neonatal rats (P7) were subjected to either stereotactic ganglionic eminence collagenase infusion or sham surgery. Groups were as follows: sham (n = 0), GMH non-RIPC (n = 10), GMH + 1 week RIPC (n = 10), GMH + 2 weeks RIPC (n = 10). Neurobehavior analysis at the fourth week consisted of Morris water maze (MWM) and rotarod (RR). This was followed by euthanasia for histopathology on day 28. Both 1- and 2-week RIPC showed significant improvement in FF and RR motor testing compared with untreated animals (i.e., GMH without RIPC). RIPC treatment also improved cognition (MWM) and attenuated neuropathological ventricular enlargement (hydrocephalus) in juvenile animals following GMH. RIPC is a safe and noninvasive approach that improved sensorimotor and neuropathological outcomes following GMH in rats. Further studies are needed to evaluate for mechanisms of neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lekic
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Damon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klebe
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. johnzhang3910@yahoo.com.|Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall Rm 219, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. johnzhang3910@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005121:Extremities; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D018782:Maze Learning; D003012:Microbial Collagenase / Q000633:toxicity; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test
chemical_list: D003012:Microbial Collagenase
keywords: Germinal matrix hemorrhage; Hydrocephalus; Neonatal rats; Neurological dysfunction; RIPC; Stroke, experimental