title: Nutrient sensing and utilization: Getting to the heart of metabolic flexibility.
abstract: A central feature of obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases is the impaired ability to transition between fatty acid and glucose metabolism. This impairment, referred to as "metabolic inflexibility", occurs in a number of tissues, including the heart. Although the heart normally prefers to metabolize fatty acids over glucose, the inability to upregulate glucose metabolism under energetically demanding conditions contributes to a pathological state involving energy imbalance, impaired contractility, and post-translational protein modifications. This review discusses pathophysiologic processes that contribute to cardiac metabolic inflexibility and speculates on the potential physiologic origins that lead to the current state of cardiometabolic disease in an obesogenic environment.
authors.affiliation: Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Tim-Griffin@omrf.org.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Kenneth-Humphries@omrf.org.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.affiliation: Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Mike-Kinter@omrf.org.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinter
authors.affiliation: Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Hui-Ying-Lim@omrf.org.
authors.forename: Hui-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Luke-Szweda@omrf.org.
authors.forename: Luke I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Szweda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Cardiovascular; Metabolic inflexibility; Mitochondrial; Obesity; Peroxisome; ROS