title: Intraventricular Injection of Noncellular Cerebrospinal Fluid from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patient into Rat Ventricles Leads to Ventricular Enlargement and Periventricular Injury.
abstract: Early brain injury and hydrocephalus (HCP) are important mediators of poor outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. We aim to understand the development of HCP and subependymal cellular injury after intraventricular injection of noncellular human SAH cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into rat ventricles. Two-hundred microliters of noncellular CSF from SAH patients or normal controls were injected into the right lateral ventricle of seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Propidium iodide (PI) was simultaneously injected to detect necrotic cellular death. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after surgery and the brain specimens were cut and stained for heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an oxidative stress marker. We found that the ventricular area at the bregma level in the CSF injection group was significantly larger than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The periventricular tissue in the CSF injection group had significantly more necrotic cell death as well as HO-1 expression as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, injection of SAH patients' CSF into the rat ventricle leads to HCP as well as subependymal injury compared with injection of control CSF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Peiliang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: B Gregory
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. adityap@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C491523:Hmox1 protein, rat
keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Hydrocephalus; Necrotic cell death; Oxidative stress; Subarachnoid hemorrhage