title: Measuring the sticking of mefenamic acid powders on stainless steel surface.
abstract: This study proposes an approach for quantifying the amount of pharmaceutical powder adhering (quality attribute) to the metals surfaces. The effect of surface roughness (detrimental attribute) on the amount of powder sticking to a stainless steel surface for a model pharmaceutical material is also qualitatively determined. Methodology to quantify powder adhesion to surfaces utilises a texture analyser and HPLC. The approach was validated to qualitatively investigate effect of metal surface roughness on adhesion of mefenamic acid. An increase in metal surface roughness resulted in an increase in cohesion. By increasing the average roughness from 289nm to 407nm, a 2.5 fold increase in amount adhering to metal was observed, highlighting the role of surface roughness on adhesion. The simplicity in experimental design with no requirement of specialised equipment and operational ease makes the approach very easy to adopt. Further, ease in interpreting results makes this methodology very attractive.
authors.affiliation: Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK(1).
authors.forename: Zihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK(1).
authors.forename: Umang V
authors.initials: UV
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.
authors.forename: Dolapo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olusanmi
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.
authors.forename: Ajit S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA.
authors.forename: Munir A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tobyn
authors.affiliation: Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK(1). Electronic address: jerry.heng@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jerry Y Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Heng
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D003460:Crystallization; D008528:Mefenamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D013193:Stainless Steel; D008528:Mefenamic Acid
keywords: Adhesion quantification; HPLC; Optical profilometer; Sticking; Surface roughness