title: Diabetes and glucose disturbances in patients with psychosis in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to (1) analyze the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and antidiabetic medication in patients with psychosis compared with control subjects and (2) determine what factors in patients with psychosis were associated with antidiabetic medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 977 patients with psychosis recruited from outpatient clinics in Stockholm County, Sweden, and they were compared with 3908 non-psychotic control subjects for fasting plasma glucose levels; prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, antidiabetic treatment, and tobacco use; and blood pressure, weight, height, and waist circumference. Group differences were evaluated with analysis of variance and χ(2) test, and factors associated with antidiabetic treatment were evaluated with logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes was observed in 94 (10%) patients with psychosis, 2.7 times the prevalence observed in control subjects. Among patients with psychosis, 87 (10%) had prediabetes (fasting glucose, 6.1-6.9 mmol/L) compared with 149 (3.8%) control subjects. Most patients with psychosis (77%) who had prediabetes fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome. In patients with psychosis, both lipid-lowering medication and fasting glucose were significantly associated with antidiabetic treatment. There was no significant relation between antidiabetic treatment and lifestyle factors such as smoking or degree of psychiatric illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome in patients with psychosis warrants further clinical research in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes in these patients by pharmacotherapy and/or lifestyle intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Adult Psychiatry , PRIMA Barn och Vuxenpsykiatri AB , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Centre of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westman
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry , PRIMA Barn och Vuxenpsykiatri AB , Stockholm , Sweden ; Center for Molecular Medicine , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Dzana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sudic Hukic
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences , Karolinska Institutet , Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Sven V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Centre of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Center for Molecular Medicine , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Psychiatry , Tiohundra AB , Norrtälje , Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Solna , Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bodén
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jedenius
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Solna , Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reutfors
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry , PRIMA Barn och Vuxenpsykiatri AB , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berntsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilding
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schalling
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Claes-Göran
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Östenson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society, Centre of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Center for Molecular Medicine , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Psychiatry , Tiohundra AB , Norrtälje , Sweden.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ösby
keywords: Metabolic Syndrome; Schizophrenia