title: Evaluation of verbal list learning as a predictor of psychosis.
abstract: We explored whether cognitive performance, and verbal learning in particular, predicts psychosis or psychiatric hospitalizations among unselected first-admission adolescent patients in general psychiatric care.
  
  
  
  Up to 152 adolescents aged 15-18 were interviewed with the SIPS, tested with a cognitive test battery in the beginning of their psychiatric treatment, and followed for a maximum of 9 years (median 4.5 years).
  
  
  
  The composite factors of processing speed, verbal performance and visuospatial performance did not predict psychosis (n = 7) or all-cause psychiatric hospitalizations (n = 26) beyond psychosis risk symptoms. However, those who developed psychosis performed worse on California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) compared to other adolescents. Lower scores of CVLT immediate recall predicted psychosis (P = .003, HR = 1.13 per CVLT point decrease). However, when general verbal ability was adjusted for, CVLT did not reach significance.
  
  
  
  Impaired verbal list learning may predict psychosis also among adolescent psychiatric patients not preselected for psychosis risk suspicion.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hely
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalska
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laajasalo
authors.affiliation: Adolescence Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Huttunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Tyrone D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9407-4905
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Therman
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suvisaari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001076:Aptitude; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D014706:Verbal Learning
keywords: adolescent; cognition; follow-up study; psychotic disorder; verbal learning