title: Nightmares in Patients With Psychosis: The Relation With Sleep, Psychotic, Affective, and Cognitive Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of nightmares in people with psychosis and to describe the link between nightmares and sleep quality, psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty participants with psychotic symptoms completed an assessment of nightmares, sleep quality, positive symptoms of psychosis, affect, posttraumatic stress, social functioning, and working memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the patients, 55% reported weekly distressing nightmares. Experience of more frequent nightmares was related to poorer sleep quality and sleep efficiency. More distressing nightmares were positively associated with greater delusional severity, depression, anxiety, stress, and difficulties with working memory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nightmares might be common in those with psychosis and are associated with increased day- and nighttime impairment. Future research should investigate treatments for nightmares, for people presenting with psychotic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Research Clinical Psychologist, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
authors.forename: Bryony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sheaves
authors.affiliation: Lecturer in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England; Consultant Clinical Psychologist, National Psychosis Unit, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, England.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Onwumere
authors.affiliation: Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Psychological Interventions Clinic for outpatients with Psychosis, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, England; Honorary Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer in Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.affiliation: Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, England.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuipers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003702:Delusions / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004325:Dreams; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult