title: The Rising Burden of Preeclampsia in the United States Impacts Both Maternal and Child Health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preeclampsia is one of the top six causes of maternal mortality in the United States (US) and is associated with considerable perinatal morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests the US incidence of preeclampsia has increased dramatically over the past two decades. This study aims to compile, summarize, and critique the literature on the health and economic burden of preeclampsia and early-onset preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature for estimates of burden of preeclampsia and early-onset preeclampsia to both mother and child, summarized the evidence on economic and social burden, and highlighted current gaps in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No recent studies comprehensively assess the costs and health consequences of preeclampsia or early-onset preeclampsia for both mother and child. Where it exists, the literature suggests preeclampsia and early-onset preeclampsia cause numerous adverse health consequences, but these conditions currently lack effective treatment. The need for preterm delivery from early-onset preeclampsia suggests its costs are substantial: very (28-31 weeks) and extremely (<28 weeks) preterm birth cost approximately 40 and 100 times a term pregnancy, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the severity of outcomes from preeclampsia, further research on its health and economic consequences is essential to inform policy and resource allocation decisions in health care.
authors.affiliation: Precision Health Economics, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Precision Health Economics, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Desi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peneva
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroscience Research, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Triche
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ehrenkranz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paidas
authors.affiliation: Precision Health Economics, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000067576:Child Health; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000068097:Maternal Health; D008428:Maternal Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States