title: Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects.
abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon-based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface-to-volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state-of-the-art biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chimene
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Alge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Akhilesh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gaharwar
mesh_terms: D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000639:trends*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D028561:Transition Elements / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D020100:Hydrogels; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D028561:Transition Elements; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite
keywords: graphene; layered double hydroxides (LDH); silicate clays; transition metal oxides (TMO); two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials