title: Evaluation of traumatic brain injury by optical technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic brain injury (TBI), usually due to brain shaking or impact, affects the normal brain function and may lead to severe disability or even death. However, there is paucity of information regarding changes in the physiologic state of humans or animals after brain shaking.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to continuously monitor the concentration change of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) to understand changes in the physiological state during and after brain shaking. Laser Doppler flowmetry was also used to monitor changes in cerebral blood flow under TBI to supplement the investigation. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to monitor changes of infarction volume corresponding to different impact strengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental results indicated that concentration changes of HbO2 and total-hemoglobin (HbT) were significantly related to the impact strength. The infarction volume was also significantly related to the impact strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, the non-invasive monitoring of concentration changes in HbO 2 , HbR, and HbT using NIRS may have a clinical application for the evaluation of TBI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan. borshyhlin@gmail.com.|Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. borshyhlin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bor-Shyh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao-Tung University, No.901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan, 710, Taiwan. wangchechuan@gmail.com.|Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. wangchechuan@gmail.com.|Department of Child Care, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan. wangchechuan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Che-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan. js_geoff@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. chiocc@ms28.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Chung-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012107:Research Design; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin