title: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Correlation of the Liver Parenchyma Fatty Acid with Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MR Imaging-An Experimental Study in a Rat Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the changes in fatty acid concentration after administrating a 60% high-fat diet to a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rat model and to perform a correlation analysis between fatty acid with molecular diffusion (Dtrue), perfusion-related diffusion (Dfast), and perfusion fraction (Pfraction).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 60% high-fat diet until the study was finished. Point-resolved spectroscopy sequence 1H-MRS with TR = 1,500 msec, TE = 35 msec, NEX = 64, and 8×8×8 mm3 voxel was used to acquire magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed on a two-dimensional multi-b value spin echo planar image with the following parameters: repetition time msec/echo time msec, 4500 /63; field of view, 120×120 msec2; matrix, 128×128; section thickness, 3 mm; number of repetition, 8; and multiple b value, 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 500, 1000 sec/mm2. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy data (control) were acquired. 1H proton MRS and diffusion-weighted imaging were obtained every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. The individual contributions of the true molecular diffusion and the incoherent motions of water molecules in the capillary network to the apparent diffusion changes were estimated using a least-square nonlinear fitting in MatLab. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare each week's fatty acid mean quantification. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between each fatty acid (e.g., total lipid (TL), total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA), total unsaturated bond (TUSB), and polyunsaturated bond (PUSB)) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) mapping images (e.g., Dtrue, Dfast, and Pfraction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest mean TL value was at week 8 (0.278 ± 0.10) after the administration of the 60% high-fat diet, followed by weeks 6, 4, 2, and 0. The concentration level (16.99±2.29) of TSFA at week 4 was the highest. No significant differences in the concentrations of TUSFA, TUSB, or PUSB were observed in different weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After the administration of the 60% high-fat diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model, TL and TSFA depositions had significant changes. The mean concentrations of TUSFA, TUSB, PUSB did not significantly change. Total unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated bond showed positive correlations with Dtrue and Pfraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiological Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Man
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, College of pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.affiliation: Korea Basic Science Institute, Yeongudanji-Ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids