title: Squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder: Analysis of 34 cases and comparison of clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes with adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore clinicopathological features and effects of surgical treatment of squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 411 patients who were surgically treated for gallbladder cancer in our hospital, including 10 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 24 with adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), and 377 with adenocarcinoma (AC). The ASC-SCC group was compared with the AC group for clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients' average age was 61.4 years. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom, and 67.6% of patients had gallstones. All patients had advanced-stage (T3/T4) carcinomas. The ASC-SCC group had significantly higher percentages of T4 disease (61.8%) and N1 nodal involvement (58.8%) than did the AC group (T4 disease: 34.0%, P = 0.001; N1 involvement: 39.0%, P = 0.02). Patients in the ASC-SCC group who underwent R0 resections had significantly better 1-year survival (30%) than those who underwent R1 or R2 resections (0%; P = 0.025), but lower 1-year survival rates than similar-staged patients in the AC group (69.3%; P = 0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with gallbladder ASC-SCC were similar to those with AC in clinical characteristics, but tended to have more infiltration of multiple adjacent organs and lymphatic metastasis. Curative resection could give these patients better outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hu-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Guan-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: adenosquamous cell carcinoma; gallbladder carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma