title: Intake of selected bioactive compounds from plant food supplements containing fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) among Finnish consumers.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to estimate the intake of selected bioactive compounds from fennel-containing plant food supplements (PFS) among Finnish consumers. The estimated average intake of estragole was 0.20mg/d, of trans-anethole 1.15mg/d, of rosmarinic acid 0.09mg/d, of p-coumaric acid 0.0068mg/d, of kaempferol 0.0034mg/d, of luteolin 0.0525μg/d, of quercetin 0.0246mg/d, of matairesinol 0.0066μg/d and of lignans 0.0412μg/d. The intakes of kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, matairesinol and lignans from PFS were low in comparison with their dietary supply. The intake of estragole was usually moderate, but a heavy consumption of PFS may lead to a high intake of estragole. The intake of trans-anethole did not exceed the acceptable daily intake, but PFS should be taken into account when assessing the total exposure. To our knowledge, this study provided the first intake estimates of trans-anethole, p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid in human populations.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: liisa.uusitalo@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmenhaara
authors.affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isoniemi
authors.affiliation: Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Obn of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.affiliation: Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Obn of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribas-Barba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finglas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plumb
authors.affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000032:analysis*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D053630:Depsides / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D030001:Foeniculum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011422:Propionates; D055815:Young Adult; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D002934:Cinnamates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D053630:Depsides; D005419:Flavonoids; D005663:Furans; D017705:Lignans; D011422:Propionates; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C068935:matairesinol; C007633:estragole; C495469:p-coumaric acid; C006578:anethole
keywords: Bioactive compounds; Botanicals; Dietary supplements; Fennel; Plants; Survey