title: Appetite-related peptides in childhood and adolescence: role of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1.
abstract: During childhood and adolescence, a number of factors, including age, puberty, sex, race, and body composition, may contribute to differences in satiety, food intake, and appetite-related peptides. These peptides include the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and anorexigenic gut peptides peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). For example, lower fasting ghrelin levels, lower postprandial ghrelin suppression, and blunted PYY and GLP-1 responses to food intake could contribute to a dysregulation of appetite in already obese children and adolescents. Whereas, changes in these peptides observed during puberty could facilitate growth. A greater understanding of the major moderating factors of appetite-related peptides in the pediatric population is essential to improve interpretation of study findings and for effective tailoring of strategies targeting appetite control to individuals. While more studies are needed, there is some evidence to suggest that exercise-based lifestyle interventions could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve appetite-peptide profiles in overweight and obese children and adolescents. The aim of this review is (i) to discuss the potential moderating factors of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1, including age and puberty, sex, race and body composition; and (ii) to examine the effects of exercise interventions on these appetite-related gut peptides in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA.|Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA.
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.affiliation: Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA.|Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15226, USA.
authors.forename: SoJung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000367:Age Factors; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D004435:Eating; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism*; D011627:Puberty; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: C515349:GHRL protein, human; D054439:Ghrelin; D019894:Peptide YY; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: appetite; appétit; childhood obesity; exercice physique; exercise; gut peptides; obésité infantile; peptides intestinaux