title: Rho-modifying bacterial protein toxins.
abstract: Rho proteins are targets of numerous bacterial protein toxins, which manipulate the GTP-binding proteins by covalent modifications, including ADP ribosylation, glycosylation, adenylylation, proteolytic cleavage and deamidation. Bacterial toxins are important virulence factors but are also potent and efficient pharmacological tools to study the physiological functions of their eukaryotic targets. Recent studies indicate that amazing variations exist in the molecular mechanisms by which toxins attack Rho proteins, which are discussed here.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany klaus.aktories@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aktories
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: ADP ribosylation; AMPylation; Rho protein; bacterial protein toxins; deamidation; glycosylation