title: PRDM1 expression via human parvovirus B19 infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
abstract: Ectopic lymphoid follicle infiltration is a key event in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Positive regulatory domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1), which is induced by antigen stimulation, can regulate all lymphocyte lineages. Several groups independently demonstrated that human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is closely associated with HT. Hence, we determined whether PRDM1 is expressed in HT thyroid tissue and whether there is any correlation between PRDM1 expression and PVB19 in the pathogenesis of HT. We detected PRDM1 expression in HT (n = 86), normal thyroid tissue (n = 30), and nontoxic nodular goiter (n = 20) samples using immunohistochemistry. We also detected PVB19 protein in HT samples in a double-blind manner and analyzed the correlation between the 2 proteins using immunofluorescence confocal detection and coimmunoprecipitation. Furthermore, we detected changes of the expression levels of PRDM1 and PVB19 in transfected primary thyroid follicular epithelial cells using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that PRDM1 protein is significantly highly expressed in the injured follicular epithelial cells in HT (83/86 cases) than in normal thyroid cells (0/30 cases) or in nontoxic nodular goiter cells (0/20 cases) (P < .001). In HT, the PRDM1 expression pattern was the same as that of PVB19, whereas PRDM1 and PVB19 were coexistent in the involved epithelial cells. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between PRDM1 and PVB19 (P < .001). In addition, primary thyroid epithelial cells also showed PRDM1 up-regulation after PVB19 NS1 transfection. Our findings suggest a previously unrecognized role of PRDM1 and PVB19 in the pathogenesis of HT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: wanglu@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Digestive Disease, Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215011, PR China. Electronic address: weiping__zhang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Helmholtz Sino-German Research Laboratory for Cancer, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China. Electronic address: yaoli@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Helmholtz Sino-German Research Laboratory for Cancer, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China. Electronic address: zhwlyh@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: vivianj@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: zhangweichen315@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: zyh80440147@163.com.
authors.forename: Yue-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: zhwang@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: yanqg@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing-Guo
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: guoying@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: flnpath@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lin-Ni
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: liuyixiong1985@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi-Xiong
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China. Electronic address: gaosheng_huang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gao-Sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human; D000074462:Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012097:Repressor Proteins; C087042:PRDM1 protein, human; D000074462:Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1
keywords: Ectopic lymphoid tissue; Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Human parvovirus B19; Pathogenesis; Positive regulatory domain zinc finger protein 1