title: Disentangling the Association Between Child Abuse and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the association between distinct types of child abuse--sexual (CSA), physical (CPA), and emotional (CEA)--and different eating disorders (EDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases were searched through January 2014. Studies reporting rates of CSA, CPA, and CEA in people with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), as compared with individuals without EDs, were included. Pooled analyses were based on odds ratios (ORs), with relevant 95% confidence intervals (CIs), weighting each study with inverse variance models with random effects. Risk of publication bias was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two of 1714 studies assessed for eligibility met the inclusion criteria, involving more than 14,000 individuals. The association between EDs and any child abuse showed a random-effects pooled OR of 3.21 (95% CI = 2.29-4.51, p < .001) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 57.2%, p = .005), whereas for CSA, this was 1.92 (95% CI = 1.13-3.28, p = .017), 2.73 (95% CI = 1.96-3.79, p < .001), and 2.31 (95% CI = 1.66-3.20, p < .001), for AN, BN, and BED, respectively. However, adjusting for publication bias, the estimate for CSA and AN was not significant (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.59-1.88, p = .85). Although CPA was associated with AN, BN, and BED, CEA was associated just with BN and BED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BN and BED are associated with childhood abuse, whereas AN shows mixed results. Individuals with similar trauma should be monitored for early recognition of EDs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews) with the reference number CRD42014007360.
authors.affiliation: From the PhD Program in Neuroscience, Departments of Surgery and Translational Medicine (Caslini), and Surgery and Translational Medicine (Bartoli, Caslini, Crocamo, Clerici, Dakanalis), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy; and Faculty of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry (Carrà), University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caslini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crocamo
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dakanalis
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrà
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D002032:Bulimia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D014754:Violence; D055815:Young Adult