title: High-Dose versus Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Arterial Stiffness among Individuals with Prehypertension and Vitamin D Deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the onset and progression of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency-mediated increased risk of CVD remain unknown. We sought to examine the differential effect of high-dose versus low-dose vitamin D supplementation on markers of arterial stiffness among ~40 vitamin D deficient adults with prehypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to high-dose (4000 IU/d) versus low-dose (400 IU/d) oral vitamin D3 for 6 months. 24 hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and pulse wave analyses were obtained at baseline and after 6 months of vitamin D supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no changes in resting BP or pulse wave velocity over 6 mo regardless of vitamin D dose (all p > 0.202). High-dose vitamin D decreased augmentation index and pressure by 12.3 ± 5.3% (p = 0.047) and 4.0 ± 1.5 mmHg (p = 0.02), respectively. However, these decreases in arterial stiffness were not associated with increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D over 6 mo (p = 0.425).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose vitamin D supplementation appears to lower surrogate measures of arterial stiffness but not indices of central pulse wave velocity. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (Unique Identifier: NCT01240512).
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA ; Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06069, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaleski
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA ; Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06069, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panza
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swales
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 16686, USA.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Newton-Cheh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37201, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA ; Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06069, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D