title: [BILE DUCT PROBLEMS - ENDOSCOPIC SOLUTIONS].
abstract: Patients with symptomatic bile duct stones are at increased risk for complications, which can be life-threatening. In the last four decades, with the development of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and biliary sphincterotomy, endoscopic treatment has almost totally replaced surgical treatment of bile duct stones. In addition, a variety of benign and malignant conditions such as iatrogenic strictures (post cholecystectomy/post liver transplant), PSC, papillary adenoma or malignant tumors of bile duct or pancreas, are now amenable to endoscopic treatment. In the early years, ERCP served as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool With the development of non-invasive imaging alternatives, ERCP became a purely therapeutic procedure. However, in recent years, advanced technologies have restored diagnostic abilities to FRCP.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benjaminov
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barkay
authors.forename: Fred M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Konikoff
mesh_terms: D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods