title: Novel Nanocomposites of Poly(lauryl methacrylate)-Grafted Al2O3 Nanoparticles in LDPE.
abstract: Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were surface-modified by poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) using surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of lauryl methacrylate. Nanocomposites were obtained by mixing the grafted NPs in a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix in different ratios. First, the NPs were silanized with different aminosilanes, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane (APDMS). Subsequently, α-BiB, an initiator for SI-ATRP, was attached to the amino groups, showing higher immobilization ratios for APDMS and confirming that fewer self-condensation reactions between silanes took place. In a third step SI-ATRP of LMA at different times was performed to render PLMA-grafted NPs (NP-PLMAs), showing good control of the polymerization. Reactions were conducted for 20 to 60 min, obtaining a range of molecular weights between 23 000 and 83 000 g/mol, as confirmed by size-exclusion chromoatography of the cleaved grafts. Nanocomposites of NP-PLMAs at low loadings in LDPE were prepared by extrusion. At low loadings, 0.5 wt % of inorganic content, the second yield point, storage, and loss moduli increased significantly, suggesting an improved interphase as an effect of the PLMA grafts. These observations were also confirmed by an increase in transparency of the nanocomposite films. At higher loadings, 1 wt % of inorganics, the increasing amount of PLMA gave rise to the formation of small aggregates, which may explain the loss of mechanical properties. Finally, dielectric measurements were performed, showing a decrease in tan δ values for LDPE-NP-PLMAs, as compared to the nanocomposites containing unmodified NP, thus indicating an improved interphase between the NPs and LDPE.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and ‡School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cobo Sánchez
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and ‡School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wåhlander
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and ‡School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and ‡School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fogelström
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology and ‡School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malmström
keywords: Al2O3; LDPE; PLMA grafted nanoparticles; SI-ATRP; grafting-from; nanocomposite