title: Altered executive control network resting-state connectivity in social anxiety disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research into the neural basis of social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggests alterations in prefrontal networks, which may in turn disrupt regulation of the limbic system. Better understanding of the disturbed interface between these networks may improve current pathogenic models of this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Applying group independent component analysis (ICA) to recordings of fMRI resting-state, connectivity in the executive control network was studied in 18 patients with SAD and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed a dissociation within the left executive control network, with SAD patients showing decreased connectivity of the orbitofrontal gyrus and increased connectivity of the middle frontal gyrus compared to healthy controls. In a subsequent seed-based functional connectivity analysis, patients with SAD displayed increased connectivity between the left orbitofrontal gyrus and the left amygdala.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that hypo-connectivity in the executive control network and hyper-connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala may reflect a disturbance in the balance between top-down and bottom-up control processes, potentially contributing to the development of SAD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Domschke
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ipser
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Coenie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hattingh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.|c Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.affiliation: d MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry , University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch , South Africa.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lochner
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.|e Groote Schuur Hospital, MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention; D001931:Brain Mapping; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: amygdala; attention; fMRI; prefrontal cortex; social phobia