title: Neuronal control of bone and muscle.
abstract: The functional interplay between bone and muscle that enables locomotion is a fundamental aspect of daily life. However, other interactions between bone and muscle continue to attract attention as our understanding of the breath and importance of this inter-relationship continues to expand. Of particular interest is the regulatory connection between bone and muscle, which adds a new insight to the coordination of the bone/muscle unit. We have appreciated the importance of neuronal signaling to the control of bone turnover and muscle contraction, but recent data indicate that neuronal inputs control a far wider range of bone and muscle physiology than previously appreciated. This review outlines the role of the sympathetic nervous system and neuronal/neuropeptide inputs upon the regulation of bone and muscle tissue, and the potential for co-regulatory actions, particularly involving the sympathetic nervous system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houweling
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Rishikesh N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: p.baldock@garvan.org.au.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baldock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y
keywords: Hypothalamus; Leptin; Myocyte; Neuropeptide Y; Osteoblast; Sympathetic nervous system