title: Potential of Essential Oils as Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Administration of Ibuprofen to Treat Dysmenorrhoea.
abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare five essential oils (EOs) as penetration enhancers (PEs) to improve the transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of ibuprofen to treat dysmenorrhoea. The EOs were prepared using the steam distillation method and their chemical compositions were identified by GC-MS. The corresponding cytotoxicities were evaluated in epidermal keartinocyte HaCaT cell lines by an MTT assay. Furthermore, the percutaneous permeation studies were carried out to compare the permeation enhancement effect of EOs. Then the therapeutic efficacy of ibuprofen with EOs was evaluated using dysmenorrheal model mice. The data supports a decreasing trend of skin cell viability in which Clove oil >Angelica oil > Chuanxiong oil > Cyperus oil > Cinnamon oil >> Azone. Chuanxiong oil and Angelica oil had been proved to possess a significant permeation enhancement for TDD of ibuprofen. More importantly, the pain inhibitory intensity of ibuprofen hydrogel was demonstrated to be greater with Chuanxiong oil when compared to ibuprofen without EOs (p < 0.05). The contents of calcium ion and nitric oxide (NO) were also significantly changed after the addition of Chuanxiong oil (p < 0.05). In summary, we suggest that Chuanxiong oil should be viewed as the best PE for TDD of ibuprofen to treat dysmenorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. chenjun75@163.com.|Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. chenjun75@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. qiudong_J@126.com.|Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. qiudong_J@126.com.
authors.forename: Qiu-Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. njzyydxwym@sina.com.|Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. njzyydxwym@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ye-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. liupiper@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. yjh2014312@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. lqnjutcm@163.com.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. zh20150908@sina.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. duanja@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Chuanxiong oil; dysmenorrhoea; essential oil; ibuprofen; permeation enhancers; transdermal drug delivery