title: Optical and thermal characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols measured at an urban site in Gwangju, Korea, in the winter of 2011.
abstract: Carbonaceous components (organic carbon [OC] and elemental carbon [EC]) and optical properties (light absorption and scattering) of fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm; PM2.5) were simultaneously measured at an urban site in Gwangju, Korea, during the winter of 2011. OC was further classified into OC1, OC2, OC3, and OC4, based on a temperature protocol using a Sunset OC/EC analyzer. The average OC and EC concentrations were 5.0 ± 2.5 and 1.7 ± 0.9 μg C m(-3), respectively. The average single-scattering albedo (SSA) at a wavelength of 550 nm was 0.58 ± 0.11, suggesting that the aerosols observed in the winter of 2011 had a local warming effect in this area. During the whole sampling period, "stagnant PM" and "long-range transport PM" events were identified. The light absorption coefficient (babs) was higher during the stagnant PM event than during the long-range transport PM event due to the existence of abundant light-absorbing OC during the stagnant PM event. In particular, the OC2 and OC3 concentrations were higher during the stagnant PM event than those during the long-range transport event, suggesting that OC2 and OC3 might be more related to the light-absorbing OC. The light scattering coefficient (bscat) was similar between the events. On average, the mass absorption efficiency attributed to EC (σEC) was 9.6 m(2) g(-1), whereas the efficiency attributed to OC (σOC) was 1.8 m(2) g(-1) at λ = 550 nm. Furthermore, the σEC is comparable among the PM event days, but the σOC for the stagnant PM event was significantly higher than that for the long-range transport PM event (1.7 vs. 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optical and thermal properties of carbonaceous aerosol were measured at Gwangju, and carbonaceous aerosol concentration and optical property varied between "stagnant PM" and "long-range transport PM" events. More abundant light absorbing OC was observed during the stagnant PM event.
authors.affiliation: a National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.|c Section of Environmental Research Studies , Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment , Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia.
authors.forename: Tsatsral
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Batmunkh
authors.affiliation: a National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: KwangYul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Engineering , Mokpo National University , Muan-gun , Jeollanam-do , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: a National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maskey
authors.affiliation: a National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kihong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D010507:Periodicity; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012621:Seasons; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon