title: Pharmacologic management of advanced cervical cancer: antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapeutic considerations.
abstract: As a consequence of disparities in access to and utilization of preventative healthcare, the incidence and death rates from cervical cancer remain substantial in the face of indisputable evidence that screening saves lives. While disparities persist, there will be an urgent need for research into the treatment of advanced forms of this disease. In this review, we explore the evolution of the treatment of metastatic, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer from cytotoxic agents to targeted therapy. We discuss why targeted therapies are unlikely to produce sustained responses alone but may be more successful in combination with immunotherapies. We also provide a rationale for the potential next phase in treatment of this challenging disease-combined therapy with antiangiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In doing so, we highlight recent paradigm shifts within cancer therapeutics, including the shift in focus from the tumor cell itself to the tumor microenvironment, and from stimulating the immune system to inhibiting the inhibitors of an adequate immune response.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Teresa C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Longoria
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. ktewari@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Krishnansu S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tewari
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors