title: Prevalence of ADHD in nonpsychotic adult psychiatric care (ADPSYC): A multinational cross-sectional study in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in adult psychiatric outpatients in several European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADHD diagnosis was made using the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults, version 2.0 (DIVA), according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and 5th Edition (DSM-5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5662 patients present/approached, 2284 (40.3 %) consented, of whom 1986 patients (87.0 %) completed the study. Based on the DIVA, and applying DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 criteria, 15.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 14.2 %-17.4 %) or 17.4 % (95 % CI 15.7 %-19.0 %) of patients were diagnosed with ADHD, respectively. The prevalence of ADHD was 15.3 % when counting as non-ADHD those patients who screened positive but did not complete the DIVA (DSM-5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimates from this study indicate that a relevant part of the psychiatric outpatient care population suffers from ADHD.
authors.affiliation: NV Eli Lilly Benelux, Markiesstraat 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium. DEBERDT_WALTER@LILLY.COM.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deberdt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, D-18147, Rostock, Germany. johannes.thome@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thome
authors.affiliation: Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Werner Reimers-Str. 2-4, 61352, Bad Homburg, Germany. lebrec_jeremie@network.lilly.com.
authors.forename: Jeremie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lebrec
authors.affiliation: Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Werner Reimers-Str. 2-4, 61352, Bad Homburg, Germany. kraemer_susanne@lilly.com.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.affiliation: Medical Liaison, Lilly Spain, Avenida de la Industria, 30. Alcobendas, E-28108, Madrid, Spain. fregenal_irene@lilly.com.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fregenal
authors.affiliation: ADHD Program, Department of Psychiatry, CIBERSAM Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain. ramosquiroga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J Antoni
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Quiroga
authors.affiliation: Leicester (Adult) ADHD Service, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom. arifzai1@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arif
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004526:Efficiency; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult