title: CT differentiation of tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural infection, with emphasis on pulmonary changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pulmonary changes on computed tomography (CT) are helpful in differentiating between pleural tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous pleural infection
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of patients with pleural tuberculous and non-tuberculous empyema, focusing on pulmonary changes such as consolidation, ground glass opacity, interlobular septal thickening, cavitation, abscess and presence and distribution of micronodules. We also assessed the presence of loss of overlying pleural integrity, peripheral bronchopleural fistula and lymphadenopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 65 patients with pleural TB and 43 with empyema. CT findings of pleural TB differed significantly from those of empyema with interlobular septal thickening (P = 0.022) and micronodules with subpleural, peribronchovascular and septal distribution (P < 0.001). Subpleural abscess was more frequently seen in empyema, accompanying loss of overlying pleural integrity and peripheral bronchopleural fistula (P < 0.001), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups in prevalence of consolidation, ground glass opacity, cavitation, centrilobular nodules or lymphadenopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interlobular septal thickening and micronodules with perilymphatic distribution are characteristic CT findings of pleural TB but not empyema. Presence of subpleural abscess and loss of pleural integrity or peripheral bronchopleural fistula are highly suggestive of empyema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult