title: Down-regulation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlated with tumorigenesis, not with metastasis.
abstract: To examine the significance of the Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in diagnosing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and predicting regional metastasis. We first used GEO dataset to analyze the NGAL gene expression in HNSCC. Then, we summarized the characteristics of patients retrospectively selected in clinic. Expression of NGAL protein in human HNSCC tumor, lymph node and normal samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Next, we further investigated the NGAL expression in a tissue microassay to analyze the relationship between NGAL protein expression and TNM stage. Finally, we tested the NGAL protein expression in head and neck cancer cell lines. Analysis of GEO dataset concluded that NGAL gene expression in HNSCC was lower than that in normal tissue (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of NGAL gene expression between T-stage and N-stage (P>0.05). NGAL protein expression in tumor was lower than that in normal tissue (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of NGAL protein expression between metastasis group and non-metastasis group (P>0.05). Expression of NGAL protein was not correlated with TNM stage of HNSCC. Aggressive HNSCC cell lines have lower NGAL protein expression. Our data demonstrated that the expression of NGAL protein was correlated with tumorigenesis of HNSCC, but not with regional metastasis. It may serve as a novel biomarker for prognostic evaluation of patients with HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China ; Department of Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Bokui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Anyuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhangwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China ; Department of Research Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, PR China.
authors.forename: Zezhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins
keywords: GEO dataset; HNSCC; NGAL; biomarker; tissue microassay