title: The association of hypertension with periodontitis is highlighted in female adults: results from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of hypertension and high systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with periodontitis in a nationally representative Korean adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total of 14,625 participants of Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) aged over 19 years were cross-sectionally surveyed. Periodontitis was defined as CPI score of 3 or 4. Hypertension was categorized as: normotensive (SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (120 < SBP < 140 mmHg or 80 < DBP < 90 mmHg) and hypertensive (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication). Multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed controlling for age, sex, household income, drinking, smoking, physical activity, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes mellitus. Stratified analyses were performed to identify specific risk groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension showed a significant positive association with periodontitis in the fully adjusted model in female adults with a dose-response relationship. This association was highlighted in females aged 30-59 years (prevalence ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.40). The strength of the association was highest in females aged 30-39 years and decreased with increasing age. Among females aged 30-59 years, high-risk groups of this link were lower middle income quartile, never drinker and non-diabetes groups for both pre-hypertension and hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that hypertension was associated with periodontitis in Korean female adults independent of known confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo-Been
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-852X
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Seop
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Statistics, College of IT, Hanshin University, Osan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.|Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Duck
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: KNHANES; epidemiology; females; hypertension; periodontitis