title: Factors controlling crystallization of miserite glass-ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate a range of variables affecting the synthesis of a miserite glass-ceramic (GC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Miserite glass was synthesized by the melt quench technique. The crystallization kinetics of the glass were determined using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The glasses were ground with dry ball-milling and then sieved to different particle sizes prior to sintering. These particle sizes were submitted to heat treatment regimes in a high temperature furnace to form the GC. The crystal phases of the GC were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of the cerammed glass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  XRD analysis confirmed that the predominant crystalline phase of the GC was miserite along with a minor crystalline phase of cristobalite only when the particle size is <20 μm and the heat treatment at 1000°C was carried out for 4h and slowly cooled at the furnace rate. For larger particle sizes and faster cooling rates, a pseudowollastonite crystalline phase was produced. Short sintering times produced either a pseudowollastonite or xonotolite crystalline phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study has shown that particle size and heat treatment schedules are major factors in controlling the synthesis of miserite GC.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fenik K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Muhammed
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moorehead
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Noort
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: s.pollington@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollington
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: C588156:KCa5(Si2O7)(Si6O15)(OH)F; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C023506:Glass ceramics
keywords: Cooling rate; DTA; Heat treatment; Miserite glass-ceramic; Particle size; Pseudowollastonite; SEM; XRD; Xonotolite