title: The effect of music therapy during shockwave lithotripsy on patient relaxation, anxiety, and pain perception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To research the effect of listening to music during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) on the patient's pain control, anxiety levels, and satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 400 patients from three hospitals. Half of patients listened to music during their first SWL session but not during their second session. The other half had no music for the first session but the second session was accompanied by music. During all sessions, with and without music, pulse rates, blood pressure, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety scores (STAI-SA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS scores for pain), willingness to repeat procedure (0 = never to 4 happily), and patient satisfaction rates (0 = poor to 4 = excellent) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of blood pressure and pulse rates. In both groups, the STAI-SA and VAS pain scores were lower in the session when music was listened to (p < 0.001). The patients requested more SWL treatment be completed while listening to music and their satisfaction was greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music lowered the anxiety and pain scores of patients during SWL and provided greater satisfaction with treatment. Completing this procedure while the patient listens to music increases patient compliance greatly and reduces analgesic requirements.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey .
authors.forename: Alpaslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey .
authors.forename: Murat Tolga
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gulpinar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey .
authors.forename: Eyup Burak
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Sancak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Urology , Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karakan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Urology , Ankara Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirbas
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey .
authors.forename: Mehmet Mazhar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Utangac
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey .
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey .
authors.forename: Ahmet A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sancaktutar
authors.affiliation: d Department of Anesthesiology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey , and.
authors.forename: Tuncer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey.
authors.forename: Basak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urology , Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey .
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Resorlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D058748:Pain Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012063:Relaxation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Music; shockwave lithotripsy; stone; therapy