title: Best available technology for European livestock farms: Availability, effectiveness and uptake.
abstract: Concerns over the negative environmental impact from livestock farming across Europe continue to make their mark resulting in new legislation and large research programs. However, despite a huge amount of published material and many available techniques, doubts over the success of national and European initiatives remain. Uptake of the more cost-effective and environmentally-friendly farming methods (such as dietary control, building design and good manure management) is already widespread but unlikely to be enough in itself to ensure that current environmental targets are fully met. Some of the abatement options available for intensive pig and poultry farming are brought together under the European IPPC/IED directive where they are listed as Best Available Techniques (BAT). This list is far from complete and other methods including many treatment options are currently excluded. However, the efficacies of many of the current BAT-listed options are modest, difficult to regulate and in some cases they may even be counterproductive with respect to other objectives ie pollution swapping. Evaluation of the existing and new BAT technologies is a key to a successful abatement of pollution from the sector and this in turn relies heavily on good measurement strategies. Consideration of the global effect of proposed techniques in the context of the whole farm will be essential for the development of a valid strategy.
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, Rennes, France. Electronic address: laurence.loyon@irstea.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loyon
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misselbrook
authors.affiliation: Ricardo-AEA, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.affiliation: INTIA, Sustainable Systems Unit, Villava, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: INRA/VetagroSup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doreau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1069 Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation, F-35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassouna
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Livestock Research, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Veldkamp
authors.affiliation: INRA Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Dourmad
authors.affiliation: IRTA, GIRO Joint Research Unit IRTA-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonmati
authors.affiliation: KTBL, Bartningstraße 49, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D000818:Animals; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005060:Europe; D033161:Government Regulation; D058751:Livestock / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: BAT evaluation; Emissions; IPPC directive; Livestock farming; Manure; Measurements