title: Mother-infant interaction in schizophrenia: transmitting risk or resilience? A systematic review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The parent-infant relationship is an important context for identifying very early risk and resilience factors and targets for the development of preventative interventions. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies investigating the early caregiver-infant relationship and attachment in offspring of parents with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched computerized databases for relevant articles investigating the relationship between early caregiver-infant relationship and outcomes for offspring of a caregiver with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Studies were assessed for risk of bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 27 studies derived from 10 cohorts, comprising 208 women diagnosed with schizophrenia, 71 with other psychoses, 203 women with depression, 59 women with mania/bipolar disorder, 40 with personality disorder, 8 with unspecified mental disorders and 119 non-psychiatric controls. There was some evidence to support disturbances in maternal behaviour amongst those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and there was more limited evidence of disturbances in infant behaviour and mutuality of interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research should investigate both sources of resilience and risk in the development of offspring of parents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and psychosis. Given the lack of specificity observed in this review, these studies should also include maternal affective disorders including depressive and bipolar disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark. kdavidsen@health.sdu.dk.|Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. kdavidsen@health.sdu.dk.
authors.forename: Kirstine Agnete
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Davidsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.affiliation: School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacBeth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Jenna-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lundy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gumley
mesh_terms: D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012559:Schizophrenia
keywords: Mother–infant interaction; Resilience, psychological; Risk factors; Schizophrenia; Transmission