title: Prevalence and risk factors for COPD in farmers: a cross-sectional controlled study.
abstract: There are conflicting data regarding the magnitude and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in farmers.In a cross-sectional study of 917 nonfarming working controls and 3787 farmers aged 40-75 years, we assessed respiratory symptoms, tobacco exposure, job history (without direct exposure measurement) and lung function. COPD was defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criterion (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.70) and by the Quanjer reference equation (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <lower limit of normal (LLN)).The prevalence (95% CI) of COPD according to the GOLD criterion was 5.1% (4.4-5.8%) and 2.9% (1.8-4.0%) in farmers and controls, respectively (p=0.005), and 3.1% (2.5-3.6%) and 1.5% (0.7-2.3%), respectively, for the LLN criterion (p<0.01). For both COPD criteria after adjustment for age, sex and smoking status, COPD prevalence was similar in controls and crop farmers. Compared to controls, four job categories had a higher prevalence of COPD according to the GOLD criterion, namely, cattle breeders, swine breeders, poultry breeders and breeders of two or more livestock types. Among cattle breeders, only those from Franche-Comté had higher prevalence of COPD according to both GOLD and LLN criteria.The prevalence of COPD in farmers is higher than in nonfarming working controls, and depends on the farming activity, the region and the criterion used to define COPD.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillien
authors.affiliation: Centre de Méthodologie Clinique, CHRU, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puyraveau
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Thibaud
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soumagne
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, CHRU, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, CHRU, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rannou
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, CHRU, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marquette
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jouneau
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHRU, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.affiliation: Centre de Méthodologie Clinique, CHRU, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mauny
authors.affiliation: Mutualité Sociale Agricole, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Laplante
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Besançon, France Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dalphin
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France EA 3920, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France bruno.degano@univ-fcomte.fr.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Degano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D000069599:Crop Production / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000067565:Farmers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011200:Poultry; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013552:Swine; D014797:Vital Capacity