title: Characteristics of On-road Diesel Vehicles: Black Carbon Emissions in Chinese Cities Based on Portable Emissions Measurement.
abstract: Black carbon (BC) emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) are rarely continuously measured using portable emission measurement systems (PEMSs). In this study, we utilize a PEMS to obtain real-world BC emission profiles for 25 HDDVs in China. The average fuel-based BC emissions of HDDVs certified according to Euro II, III, IV, and V standards are 2224 ± 251, 612 ± 740, 453 ± 584, and 152 ± 3 mg kg(-1), respectively. Notably, HDDVs adopting mechanical pump engines had significantly higher BC emissions than those equipped with electronic injection engines. Applying the useful features of PEMSs, we can relate instantaneous BC emissions to driving conditions using an operating mode binning methodology, and the average emission rates for Euro II to Euro IV diesel trucks can be constructed. From a macroscopic perspective, we observe that average speed is a significant factor affecting BC emissions and is well correlated with distance-based emissions (R(2) = 0.71). Therefore, the average fuel-based and distance-based BC emissions on congested roads are 40 and 125% higher than those on freeways. These results should be taken into consideration in future emission inventory studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.|State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.|State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingkun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
authors.forename: Shaojun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.|State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.|State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.|State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D053260:Soot; D001335:Vehicle Emissions