title: Bone mineral density and mammographic density in Mexican  women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone mineral density (BMD) is a putative marker for lifetime exposure to estrogen. Studies that have explored whether BMD is a determinant of mammographic density (MD) have observed inconsistent results. Therefore,we examined this potential association in a sample of women (n = 1,516) from the clinical sub-cohort in the Mexican teachers’ cohort (n = 115,315).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association between quartiles of BMD and percent MD, as well as total dense and non-dense area of the breast, stratified by menopausal status. We also examined the associations by body mass index (BMI) (< 30 kg/m(2), ≥ 30 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no association between BMD and MD among premenopausal women. However, when we stratified by BMI, there was a modest inverse association between BMD and percent MD (difference between extreme quartiles = -2.8, 95 % CI -5.9, 0.27, p trend = 0.04) among women with BMI < 30 kg/m(2), but a positive association among obese women (comparable difference = 5.1, 95 % CI 0.02, 10.1, p trend = 0.03;p interaction < 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, BMD and percent MD were positively associated after adjustment for BMI (p trend < 0.01). Postmenopausal women in the highest two quartiles of BMD had 4–5 % point higher percent MD compared to women in the lowest quartile. The association did not differ by BMI in postmenopausal women (p interaction = 0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among obese premenopausal women as well as postmenopausal women, BMD was positively associated with percent MD. Among leaner premenopausal women, BMD and percent MD were modestly inversely associated. These findings support the hypothesis that cumulative exposure to estrogen (as measured by BMD) may influence MD.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moseson
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Ruy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Ridaura
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Juan Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tamayo-Orozco
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lajous
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D000071060:Breast Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D008327:Mammography; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens