title: Impact of Trap Design and Density on Effectiveness of a Commercial Pheromone Lure for Monitoring Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
abstract: The navel orangeworm is an important pest of almonds, pistachios, and walnuts. A commercial pheromone lure for this pest became publicly available in 2013. We compared effectiveness of this synthetic lure (NOW Biolure) between common commercial trap designs, and with unmated females in wing traps. Orange wing traps and delta traps captured similar numbers of males when each was baited with females, although there was a significantly greater density of captured males on the smaller glue area of the delta traps. In contrast, lure-baited wing traps captured about half the males captured in female-baited wing traps in single-night tests. In these single-night tests, wing traps baited with NOW Biolure captured significantly more males than delta traps baited with NOW Biolure, and bucket traps and delta traps baited with NOW Biolure captured similar numbers of males. When the sampling interval was extended to a week, the performance of lure-baited and female-baited wing traps was more similar. Delta and bucket traps baited with NOW Biolure generally performed more poorly than wing traps baited with NOW Biolure in these weekly monitoring tests. However, the bucket traps occasionally outperformed the other trap types during periods of peak abundance. Navel orangeworm traps at a density of one per 4 ha detected differences in abundance between adjacent walnut varieties, whereas such differences were not detected with one trap per 20 ha. The implications of these findings for monitoring for navel orangeworm in these different host crops are discussed.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648. Corresponding author, e-mail: charles.burks@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.affiliation: Paramount Farming Company, 6801 E. Lerdo Highway, Shafter, CA 93263.
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Higbee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation*; D031324:Juglans; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths; D012724:Sex Attractants
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: Amyelois transitella; almond; pistachio; tree nut; walnut