title: Transcriptomic Analysis of 3-Hydroxypropanoic Acid Stress in Escherichia coli.
abstract: The stress response of Escherichia coli to 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-HP) was elucidated through global transcriptomic analysis. Around 375 genes showed difference of more than 2-fold in 3-HP-treated samples. Further analysis revealed that the toxicity effect of 3-HP was due to the cation and anion components of this acid and some effects-specific to 3-HP. Genes related to the oxidative stress, DNA protection, and repair were upregulated in treated cells due to the lowered cytoplasmic pH caused by accumulated cations. 3-HP-treated E. coli used the arginine acid tolerance mechanism to increase the cytoplasmic pH. Additionally, the anion effects were manifested as imbalance in the osmotic pressure. Analysis of top ten highly upregulated genes suggests the formation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde under 3-HP stress. The transcriptomic analysis shed light on the global genetic reprogramming due to 3-HP stress and suggests strategies for increasing the tolerance of E. coli toward 3-HP.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Division, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tu Wang
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: Process Science and Modelling Division, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sudhakar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonnalagadda
authors.affiliation: Process Science and Modelling Division, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balagurunathan
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Division, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore. zhao_hua@ices.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D004260:DNA Repair; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011522:Protons; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019344:Lactic Acid; C031601:hydracrylic acid
keywords: 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid; Acid tolerance; Escherichia coli; Microarray; Transcriptomic analysis