title: Unique Features of Cortical Bone Stem Cells Associated With Repair of the Injured Heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adoptive transfer of multiple stem cell types has only had modest effects on the structure and function of failing human hearts. Despite increasing the use of stem cell therapies, consensus on the optimal stem cell type is not adequately defined. The modest cardiac repair and functional improvement in patients with cardiac disease warrants identification of a novel stem cell population that possesses properties that induce a more substantial improvement in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize and compare surface marker expression, proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation capacity of cortical bone stem cells (CBSCs) relative to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac-derived stem cells (CDCs), which have already been tested in early stage clinical trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBSCs, MSCs, and CDCs were isolated from Gottingen miniswine or transgenic C57/BL6 mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and were expanded in vitro. CBSCs possess a unique surface marker profile, including high expression of CD61 and integrin β4 versus CDCs and MSCs. In addition, CBSCs were morphologically distinct and showed enhanced proliferation capacity versus CDCs and MSCs. CBSCs had significantly better survival after exposure to an apoptotic stimuli when compared with MSCs. ATP and histamine induced a transient increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in CBSCs versus CDCs and MSCs, which either respond to ATP or histamine only further documenting the differences between the 3 cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBSCs are unique from CDCs and MSCs and possess enhanced proliferative, survival, and lineage commitment capacity that could account for the enhanced protective effects after cardiac injury.
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Constantine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Troupes
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Starosta
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Elorm J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Agra
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Shavonn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zalavadia
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
authors.forename: Remus M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.). srhouser@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Houser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
keywords: adult stem cells; engraftment; histamine; paracrine factors proliferation; survival