title: Performance and Cost Comparisons for Continuous Rearing of Arma chinensis (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) on a Zoophytogenous Artificial Diet and a Secondary Prey.
abstract: The impact of a zoophytogenous, insect-free artificial diet and a secondary prey, pupae of Chinese oak silk moth Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), on the developmental rate, life history parameters, and fertility was examined for F6, F9, and F12 consecutive generations for domesticated Arma chinensis (Fallou) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stages, developmental times were prolonged, and fecundity, egg viability, net reproductive rates (R0), and intrinsic rates of increase (rm) declined. As a result, the cost to rear A. chinensis on the artificial diet approached 1.7 times the cost of rearing A. chinensis on pupae of A. pernyi. Future diet improvements should attempt to reduce developmental time, increase fecundity, and egg viability and use less costly nutrient sources.
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin 300381, China. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beijing 100081, China. zdyqiuzhen@126.com.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65203.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Coudron
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Analysis and Test Center, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin 300381, China.
authors.forename: X S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin 300381, China.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000191:economics*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths; D009758:Nymph / Q000254:growth & development; D011679:Pupa
keywords: Arma chinensis; artificial diet; beneficial insect; cost efficiency; performance