title: In vivo efficacy and bioavailability of lumefantrine: Evaluating the application of Pheroid technology.
abstract: The oral absorption of compounds with low aqueous solubility, such as lumefantrine, is typically limited by the dissolution rate in the gastro-intestinal tract, resulting in erratic absorption and highly variable bioavailability. In previous studies we reported on the ability of Pheroid vesicles to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In the present study a Pro-Pheroid formulation, a modification of the previous formulation, was applied to improve the solubility of lumefantrine after oral administration and compared to lumefantrine in DMSO:water (1:9 v/v) solution (reference solution). A bioavailability study of lumefantrine was conducted in a mouse model in fed and fasted states. When using the reference solution, the bioavailability of the lumefantrine heavily depended on food intake, resulting in a 2.7 times higher bioavailability in the fed state when compared to the fasted state. It also showed large between-subject variability. When formulated using Pro-Pheroid, the bioavailability of lumefantrine was 3.5 times higher as compared to lumefantrine in the reference solution and fasting state. Pro-Pheroid also dramatically reduced the effects of food intake and the between-subject variability for bioavailability observed with the reference. In vivo antimalarial efficacy was also evaluated with lumefantrine formulated using Pro-Pheroid technology compared to the reference solution. The results indicated that lumefantrine in Pro-Pheroid formulation exhibited improved antimalarial activity in vitro by 46.8%, when compared to the reference. The results of the Peters' 4-day suppressive test indicated no significant difference in the efficacy or mean survival time of the mice in the Pro-Pheroid formulation and reference test groups when compared to the positive control, chloroquine. These findings suggest that using the Pro-Pheroid formulation improves the bioavailability of lumefantrine, eliminates the food effect associated with lumefantrine as well as significantly reduces the between subject variability in bioavailability when compared to the reference solution.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa. Electronic address: Lissinda.DuPlessis@nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Lissinda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: du Plessis
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Govender
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denti
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lubbe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiesner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004355:Drug Stability; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D000078102:Lumefantrine; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012995:Solubility; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005449:Fluorenes; D002738:Chloroquine; D000078102:Lumefantrine
keywords: Bioavailability; Efficacy; Lipid-based drug delivery system; Lumefantrine; Malaria; Pheroid technology; Pro-Pheroid