title: Association between sleep stages and hunger scores in 36 children.
abstract: Childhood obesity is a growing health challenge. Recent studies show that children with late bedtime and late awakening are more obese independent of total sleep time. In adolescents and adults, a delayed sleep phase has been associated with higher caloric intake. Furthermore, an adult study showed a positive correlation between REM sleep and energy balance. This relationship has not been demonstrated in children. However, it may be important as a delayed sleep phase would increase the proportion of REM sleep.
  
  
  
  This study investigated the relationship between hunger score and sleep physiology in a paediatric population.
  
  
  
  Thirty-six patients referred for a polysomnogram for suspected obstructive sleep apnoea were enrolled in the study. Sleep stages were recorded as part of the polysomnogram. Hunger scores were obtained using a visual analogue scale. Mean age was 9.6 ± 3.5 years.
  
  
  
  Mean hunger scores were 2.07 ± 2.78. Hunger scores were positively correlated with percentage of total rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (r = 0.438, P < 0.01) and REM sleep duration in minutes (r = 0.471, P < 0.05). Percentage slow wave sleep (SWS) was negatively correlated with hunger score (r = -0.360, P < 0.05). There were no correlations between age, sex, body mass index percentiles, apnoea-hypopnoea index, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, stage 2 sleep duration and hunger scores.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that delayed bedtime, which increases the proportion of REM sleep and decreases the proportion of SWS, results in higher hunger levels in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA. derichsen@sbhny.org.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erichsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012895:Sleep, REM
keywords: Circadian rhythm; REM sleep; hunger; slow wave sleep