title: Supraglottic Airway Devices and Effect on Voice-Comparison of LMA Proseal and i-gel: Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is an important alternative to endotracheal intubation for all professional voice users undergoing surgery. However, dysphonia is a known complication of LMA Proseal (PLMA) use. The i-gel airway (IGA) provides adequate airway seal without the need for an inflatable cuff. Hence, it helps to minimize the risk of tissue compression. This study compares effect of PLMA and IGA on voice at 24th hour after anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety anesthesiologists class 1 adults scheduled for surgeries lasting up to 60-120 minutes were included in the study. Participants were randomly allocated to group PLMA (n = 43) and group IGA (n = 43). Cuff pressure was monitored and maintained at just seal pressure in group PLMA. Voice was evaluated using perceptive and acoustic analysis (jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio [HNR]) preoperatively and at 24th hour after anesthesia. Voice of patients with pharyngolaryngeal complaints was categorized into rough, breathy, asthenic, strain, or normal pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acoustic parameters jitter, shimmer, and HNR deteriorated significantly in both group PLMA and IGA albeit the change being comparable. Incidence of pharyngolaryngeal complaints was similar in both the groups. A total of 10% patients in group PLMA and 12.5% in group IGA developed breathy voice significant deterioration in all acoustic variables at 24th postoperative hour, but differences were not significant between group PLMA and group IGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLMA and IGA both produce comparable and significant deterioration in acoustic variables at 24th hour after short duration general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Shriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India. Electronic address: p_kundra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kundra
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Surianarayanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Pradiptakumar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Kotteeswaran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuvaraj
authors.affiliation: Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohan P
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007600:Judgment; D017214:Laryngeal Masks / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D010699:Phonation; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acoustics; Dysphonia; Hoarseness of voice; Laryngeal masks; Postoperative complications