title: NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species.
abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide. NSAIDs are used for a variety of conditions including pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in reducing or relieving pain are well established, and other benefits such as reducing inflammation and anticancer effects are also documented. The undesirable side effects of NSAIDs include ulcers, internal bleeding, kidney failure, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Some of these side effects may be due to the oxidative stress induced by NSAIDs in different tissues. NSAIDs have been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cell types including cardiac and cardiovascular related cells. Increases in ROS result in increased levels of oxidized proteins which alters key intracellular signaling pathways. One of these key pathways is apoptosis which causes cell death when significantly activated. This review discusses the relationship between NSAIDs and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the role of NSAID-induced ROS in CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Rajeshwary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alajbegovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Aldrin V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases