title: Novel biomarkers in amniotic fluid for early assessment of intraamniotic infection.
abstract: Intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) is associated with preterm birth, short and long-term adverse clinical outcomes and oxidative stress. The diagnosis of IAI is based on histological and clinical findings; however, often these results are unspecific. Therefore, efforts have been directed towards validating reliable methods for patients lacking overt clinical symptoms. In this study, amniotic fluid (AF) samples were prospectively collected from 23 women grouped into two categories (with or without IAI) following clinical, microbiological and histological criteria. AFs were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of the following biomarkers: oxidized and nitrated tyrosines (Tyr), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione sulfonamide (GSA). 3-NO2-Tyrosine (3NO2-Tyr) and GSSG concentrations in AF were not identified as significantly relevant biomarkers in the presence of IAI. However, inflammatory biomarkers such as GSA (p=0.002) and 3-Chloro-Tyrosine [3Cl-Tyr (p=0.049)], and oxidative stress biomarker 8OHdG (p=0.021) were significantly increased in AF with IAI as compared to normal controls. Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress determined in AF samples could represent a new approach towards an early diagnosis of IAI and subsequent chorioamnionitis in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cháfer-Pericás
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetomaternal Medical Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Illana
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cernada
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cubells
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Núñez-Ramiro
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 11, PO Box 281, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain; Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: maximo.vento@uv.es.
authors.forename: Máximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia; Spain. Electronic address: julia.kuligowski@uv.es.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuligowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Chorioamnionitis; Intra-amniotic inflammation/infection; Liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); Oxidative stress