title: Effect of Transport Distance and Season on Some Defects of Fresh Hams Destined for DPO Production.
abstract: Pre-slaughter handling is related to defects in fresh hams that result in exclusion from the DPO Parma chain, including hematomas, lacerations, microhaemorrhages and veining. To determine the effects of transport conditions on hams, we collected data on defects in 901,990 trimmed fresh hams from heavy pigs provided by 3,650 batches from slaughterhouse during 2012 and 2013. For all batches, transport distance (1-276 km) season and year of delivery were considered. A decrease of all defect occurrences was observed for increasing distance up to 170 km (P < 0.05). Above 170 km, however, all defects frequencies increased (P < 0.05). Season showed an effect on the incidence of defects, with an increasing of hematomas and lacerations in winter and autumn respectively (P < 0.05) and the highest percentage of veining and hemorrhages in spring (P < 0.05). Summer had the lowest incidence of defects on fresh hams. We concluded that the incidence of the examined defects and the subsequent rejection for DPO Parma ham production is lower in fresh hams transported 38-170 km during the summer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy. agnese.arduini@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arduini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy. veronica.redaelli@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Redaelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. fabio.luzi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy. stefania.dallolio@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dall'Olio
authors.affiliation: OPAS, Pig Farmer Association, Strada Ghisiolo 57, 46030 San Giorgio, Mantua, Italy. vincenzo.opas@coopgsp.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy. leonardo.nannicosta@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Leonardo Nanni
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Costa
keywords: DPO Parma ham; defect; distance; pigs; pre-slaughter handling; season; transport