title: Mechanisms Underlying Astrocyte Endfeet Swelling in Stroke.
abstract: Astrocyte endfeet envelop the cerebral capillaries that form the blood-brain barrier. Swelling of these endfeet occurs early in cerebral ischemia. It is generally hypothesized that such swelling occurs as the result of factors released from parenchymal brain cells during an ischemic stroke (e.g., K(+) and L-glutamate). In this review of mechanisms that can elicit astrocyte swelling in ischemic stroke, we hypothesize that, instead or in addition, such swelling may be a response to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Astrocyte endfeet swelling may help form a cuff around a damaged vessel that limits the egress of plasma constituents and blood (hemorrhage) into brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Room 5018, BSRB, Ann Arbor, 48109-2200, MI, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Room 5018, BSRB, Ann Arbor, 48109-2200, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Room 5018, BSRB, Ann Arbor, 48109-2200, MI, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Room 5018, BSRB, Ann Arbor, 48109-2200, MI, USA. rkeep@umich.edu.|Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. rkeep@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D048429:Cell Size; D004487:Edema / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Astrocytes; Blood-brain barrier; Cell volume; Cerebral hemorrhage; Cerebral ischemia; Swelling