title: Dynamics of T cell responses after stroke.
abstract: T cells are integral to the pathophysiology of stroke. The initial inflammatory cascade leads to T cell migration, which results in deleterious and protective effects mediated through CD4(+), CD(8)+, γδ T cells and regulatory T cells, respectively. Cytokines are central to the T cell responses, with key roles established for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-10. Through communication with the systemic immune system via neural and hormonal pathways, there is also transient immunosuppression after severe strokes. With time, the inflammatory process eventually transforms to one more conducive of repair and recovery, though some evidence also suggests ongoing chronic inflammation. The role of antigen-specific T cell responses requires further investigation. As our understanding develops, there is increasing scope to modulate the T cell response after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Dipender.gill@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dipender
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Chair of Department of Stroke Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: r.veltkamp@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veltkamp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines