title: Velocity of a Molecule Evaporated from a Water Nanodroplet: Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics versus Non-Ergodic Events.
abstract: The velocity of a molecule evaporated from a mass-selected protonated water nanodroplet is measured by velocity map imaging in combination with a recently developed mass spectrometry technique. The measured velocity distributions allow probing statistical energy redistribution in ultimately small water nanodroplets after ultrafast electronic excitation. As the droplet size increases, the velocity distribution rapidly approaches the behavior expected for macroscopic droplets. However, a distinct high-velocity contribution provides evidence of molecular evaporation before complete energy redistribution, corresponding to non-ergodic events.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdoul-Carime
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthias
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feketeová
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institute Lumière Matière, CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marciante
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble 1, CNRS, LIPhy UMR 5588, 38041 Grenoble (France).
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 43 boulevard 11 novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Valérian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Forquet
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 43 boulevard 11 novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chermette
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France).|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France).|Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France).
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farizon
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon (France). m.farizon@ipnl.in2p3.fr.|Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne (France). m.farizon@ipnl.in2p3.fr.|Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France). m.farizon@ipnl.in2p3.fr.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farizon
authors.affiliation: Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold Franzens Universität, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria).
authors.forename: Tilmann D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Märk
keywords: energy transfer; mass spectrometry; molecular dynamics; velocity map imaging; water