title: Vaginal Examination Simulation Using Citrus Fruit to Simulate Cervical Dilation and Effacement.
abstract: This technical report describes the creation and use of a cervical dilation and effacement model in a pre-licensure nursing course in reproductive health. Vaginal examination is typically taught in reproductive health courses; however, nursing students do not always have sufficient opportunity to practice on actual patients. This low-cost task-training model provides undergraduate nursing students the opportunity to experience performing a vaginal examination to assess for cervical dilation and effacement during the labor process.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, San Francisco State University.
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, San Francisco State University.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rovera
keywords: cervical dilation; cervical effacement; intrapartum vaginal examination; nursing education; nursing simulation; pre-licensure nursing education