title: General anesthesia with an injectable 8% v/v sevoflurane lipid emulsion administered intravenously to dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of an intravenous (IV) sevoflurane formulation for maintenance of general anesthesia in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective crossover design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy, mature, mixed-breed dogs, four males and two females, weighing 11.7 ± 3.4 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol IV for instrumentation. Baseline measurements were recorded before administration of either sevoflurane in oxygen (Sevo-Inh) or lipid-emulsified sevoflurane 8% v/v in 30% Intralipid IV (Sevo-E), 0.5 mL kg(-1) over 5 minutes followed by an infusion at 0.1-0.3 mL kg(-1)  minute(-1) . Dogs were breathing spontaneously. The 'up-and-down' technique was used to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane. Over 120 minutes, a tail clamp was applied every 15 minutes and sevoflurane administration was adjusted depending on the response. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration and variables were recorded at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes: heart rate (HR), systemic arterial pressure (sAP), respiratory rate (fR ), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2 ), arterial pH and blood gases, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and aspartate aminotransferase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between treatments for HR, sAP, fR , SaO2 , and biochemical variables (p > 0.05). pH and HCO3-were significantly decreased, and PaCO2 increased from baseline in Sevo-E (p < 0.05). MAC was significantly lower for Sevo-E than for Sevo-Inh, although the required dose of sevoflurane (g hour(-1) ) to maintain general anesthesia was not significantly different between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of 8% v/v sevoflurane lipid emulsion IV was effective in maintaining general anesthesia in dogs, but resulted in moderate cardiopulmonary depression, metabolic and respiratory acidosis. The amount of sevoflurane (g hour(-1) ) required to maintain general anesthesia was significantly lower for inhaled than for IV sevoflurane.
authors.affiliation: Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Claudio C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Natalini
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Da Silva Serpa
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruben L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Polydoro
authors.affiliation: Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Luiz C P
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane
keywords: canine; hemodynamics; lipid emulsion; sevoflurane