title: Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if exercise can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major electronic databases were searched systematically until May 2015. A meta-analysis calculating Hedges' g statistic was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Engaging in exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with schizophrenia (g = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.16–0.64, p = 0.001, N = 7, n = 77). Data from four controlled studies demonstrated that exercise (n = 53) significantly improves cardiorespiratory fitness compared to control groups (n = 48) (g = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.05–0.82, p = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the current findings, the multidisciplinary treatment of schizophrenia should include a focus on both, improving "fitness" and reducing "fatness", in order to reduce all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, UPC KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: Davy.Vancampfort@uc-kortenberg.be.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
mesh_terms: D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation
keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness; Exercise; Physical activity; Psychosis; Schizophrenia