title: Gallic acid reduces the effect of LPS on apoptosis and inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.
abstract: Apoptosis and NETosis of neutrophils are two major mechanisms of programmed cell death that differ in their morphological characteristics and effects on the immune system. Apoptosis can be delayed by the presence of pathogens or chemical components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Neutrophils have other antimicrobial strategy, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contributes to the elimination and control of the pathogen. NETosis is induced by infection, inflammation or trauma and represents an innate immune activation mechanism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gallic acid (GA) in the modulation of apoptosis and NETs release. The results show that GA decreased the anti-apoptotic effect of LPS, blocked the induction of NETs and prevented the formation of free radicals induced by LPS. These findings demonstrate that the GA is a novel therapeutic agent for decreasing the exacerbated response of the body against an infectious agent.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Electronic address: gabriela.viegas2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriela Viegas
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Haute
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caberlon
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eamim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Squizani
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Cristina
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedrazza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Andrade
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Martha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denizar Alberto
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: da Silva Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Operações Unitárias, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, IPB, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Sanguinetti
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Czepielewski
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bitencourt
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goettert
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jarbas Rodrigues
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000187:drug effects*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005707:Gallic Acid; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Apoptosis; Gallic acid; Inflammation; NETosis; Neutrophils; ROS