title: Lipid Adaptation of Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata in Hydrothermal Vent.
abstract: The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata is the most abundant species in hydrothermal vents. Lipids, the component of membranes, play an important role in maintaining their function normally in such extreme environments. In order to understand the lipid adaptation of R. exoculata (HV shrimp) to hydrothermal vents, we compared its lipid profile with the coastal shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (EZ shrimp) which lives in the euphotic zone, using ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, the following lipid adaptation can be observed. (1) The proportion of 16:1 and 18:1, and non-methylene interrupted fatty acid (48.9 and 6.2 %) in HV shrimp was higher than that in EZ shrimp (12.7 and 0 %). While highly-unsaturated fatty acids were only present in the EZ shrimp. (2) Ceramide and sphingomyelin in the HV shrimp were enriched in d14:1 long chain base (96.5 and 100 %) and unsaturated fatty acids (67.1 and 57.7 %). While in the EZ shrimp, ceramide and sphingomyelin had the tendency to contain d16:1 long chain base (68.7 and 75 %) and saturated fatty acids (100 and 100 %). (3) Triacylglycerol content (1.998 ± 0.005 nmol/mg) in the HV shrimp was higher than that in the EZ shrimp (0.092 ± 0.005 nmol/mg). (4) Phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol containing highly-unsaturated fatty acids were absent from the HV shrimp. (5) Lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine were rarely detected in the HV shrimp. A possible reason for such differences was the result of food resources and inhabiting environments. Therefore, these lipid classes mentioned above may be the biomarkers to compare the organisms from different environments, which will be benefit for the further exploitation of the hydrothermal environment.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.|School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.|School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
authors.forename: Mengwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. yanxiaojun@nbu.edu.cn.|School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. yanxiaojun@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China.|Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
authors.forename: Yadong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China.|Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. xujilin@nbu.edu.cn.|School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. xujilin@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jilin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D033364:Decapoda / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D033561:Penaeidae; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002518:Ceramides; D004075:Diglycerides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Euphotic zone; Hydrothermal vent; Lipid adaptation; Lipid biomarkers; Shrimp; UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS