title: Camellia sinensis Mediated Enhancement of Humoral Immunity to Particulate and Non-particulate Antigens.
abstract: The most common drinking beverage in large portion of the world is Camellia sinensis (green tea). In the present study, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of green tea and tea polyphenols to particulate and non-particulate antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized with particulate and non-particulate antigens. Modulation of immunoglobulin-secreting splenocytes, IgG-mediated and IgM-mediated immunity, was evaluated by hemolytic plaque assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dose-dependent response of tea polyphenols was also assayed. Phenolic content was measured in crude preparations of green tea. We observed a stimulatory effect of green tea preparations on humoral immune response mediated by the increased number of antibody-secreted cells in spleen. A significant increase in IgM-mediated and IgG-mediated immune response to non-particulate antigen was also observed in green tea-treated animals. A dose-dependent adjuvant effect was seen in the case of tea polyphenols for a longer period of time compared with crude tea preparations. This study indicates polyphenols as major constituents responsible for the enhanced and sustained adjuvant activity of green tea. We suggest that tea polyphenols might be considered for real-life evaluation during adjuvant-mediated vaccination trial programs.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.|Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.|Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nafisa Hassan
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l., Alghero, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santercole
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paglietti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.|Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahana Urooj
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kazmi
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.|Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.|Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farooqui
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea
keywords: Camellia sinensis; IgM; green tea; humoral immunity; immunomodulation; polyphenols