title: Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Internet Users: An Online Questionnaire Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Internet addiction (IA) has become a major public health issue worldwide and is closely linked to psychiatric disorders and suicide. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IA and its associated psychosocial and psychopathological determinants among internet users across different age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross-sectional survey initiated by the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center. The participants were recruited from the general public who responded to the online questionnaire. They completed a series of self-reported measures, including Chen Internet Addiction Scale-revised (CIAS-R), Five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5), Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI), and questions about suicide and internet use habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 1100 respondents with a preponderance of female subjects (85.8%). Based on an optimal cutoff for CIAS-R (67/68), the prevalence rate of IA was 10.6%. People with higher scores of CIAS-R were characterized as: male, single, students, high neuroticism, life impairment due to internet use, time for internet use, online gaming, presence of psychiatric morbidity, recent suicide ideation and past suicide attempts. Multiple regression on IA showed that age, gender, neuroticism, life impairment, internet use time, and BSRS-5 score accounted for 31% of variance for CIAS-R score. Further, logistic regression showed that neuroticism, life impairment and internet use time were three main predictors for IA. Compared to those without IA, the internet addicts had higher rates of psychiatric morbidity (65.0%), suicide ideation in a week (47.0%), lifetime suicide attempts (23.1%), and suicide attempt in a year (5.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurotic personality traits, psychopathology, time for internet use and its subsequent life impairment were important predictors for IA. Individuals with IA may have higher rates of psychiatric morbidity and suicide risks. The findings provide important information for further investigation and prevention of IA.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Been
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Ren
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D000092864:Suicide Prevention