Comparative Immune Response in Children and Adults with H. pylori Infection.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is generally acquired during early childhood; therefore, the immune response which usually takes place at this age may influence or even determine susceptibility to the infection contributing to the clinical outcomes in adulthood. Several cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 as well as Foxp3(+) cell numbers have been shown to be higher; however, some other cytokines consisting of IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 are lower in infected children than in infected adults. Immune response to H. pylori infection in children is predominant Treg instead of Th17 cell response. These results indicate that immune system responses probably play a role in persistent H. pylori infection. Childhood H. pylori infection is also associated with significantly lower levels of inflammation and ulceration compared with adults. This review, therefore, aimed to provide critical findings of the available literature about comparative immune system in children and adults with H. pylori infection.
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza
A
Razavi
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nader
N
Bagheri
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Fatemeh
F
Azadegan-Dehkordi
School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Mahsa
M
Shirzad
Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Ghorbanali
G
Rahimian
Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Mahmoud
M
Rafieian-Kopaei
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Hedaytollah
H
Shirzad
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D037521:Virulence Factors