Ethylene production in Botrytis cinerea- and oligogalacturonide-induced immunity requires calcium-dependent protein kinases.
Plant immunity against pathogens is achieved through rapid activation of defense responses that occur upon sensing of microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, respectively referred to as MAMPs and DAMPs. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), linear fragments derived from homogalacturonan hydrolysis by pathogen-secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes, and flg22, a 22-amino acid peptide derived from the bacterial flagellin, represent prototypical DAMPs and MAMPs, respectively. Both types of molecules induce protection against infections. In plants, like in animals, calcium is a second messenger that mediates responses to biotic stresses by activating calcium-binding proteins. Here we show that simultaneous loss of calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects Arabidopsis thaliana basal as well as elicitor- induced resistance to the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, by affecting pathogen-induced ethylene production and accumulation of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and 6 (ACS6). Moreover, ethylene signaling contributes to OG-triggered immunity activation, and lack of CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects the duration of OG- and flg22-induced gene expression, indicating that these kinases are shared elements of both DAMP and MAMP signaling pathways.
Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Matteo
M
Gravino
Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Daniel Valentin
DV
Savatin
Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Alberto
A
Macone
Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'C. Darwin', Sapienza - Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Giulia
G
De Lorenzo
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C036216:ethylene
Arabidopsis thaliana; Botrytis cinerea; calcium-dependent protein kinases; ethylene; oligogalacturonides; plant immunity