Father Involvement and Psychological Well-Being of Pregnant Women.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the relationships among father of the baby involvement during pregnancy, depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being in African American women.


METHODS
Using a prospective study design, a sample of 95 pregnant African American women receiving prenatal care at a medical center in Chicago completed the self-report instruments about father of the baby involvement, depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being twice during pregnancy, once at between 15 and 25 weeks and once between 25 and 37 weeks.


RESULTS
Eighty percent of women reported that the father of the baby was involved during their pregnancy. Twenty-eight percent of women had clinically relevant depressive symptoms (CES-D scores ≥16) at the first data collection and 25% of women had clinically relevant depressive symptoms at the second data collection. Compared with women who reported no father involvement during pregnancy, women who reported father involvement during pregnancy had lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of psychological well-being.


CONCLUSIONS
Fathers' involvement is important during pregnancy; nurses should encourage fathers to participate at prenatal visits and ask questions, and educate fathers on pregnancy process and procedures during prenatal care.
Carmen Giurgescu is an Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. The author can be reached via e-mail at carmen.giurgescu@wayne.edu Thomas Templini is a Professor, College of Nursing at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Carmen
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Giurgescu
Thomas N
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Templin
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D000066498:Emotional Adjustment; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult