Acute S100B in serum is associated with cognitive symptoms and memory performance 4 months after paediatric mild traumatic brain injury.
OBJECTIVE
This study explored whether acute serum marker S100B is related with post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and neuropsychological performance 4 months after paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).


METHODS
This prospective short-term longitudinal study investigated children (aged 6-16 years) with mTBI (n = 36, 16 males) and children with orthopaedic injuries (OI, n = 27, 18 males) as a control group. S100B in serum was measured during the acute phase and was correlated with parent-rated PCS and neuropsychological performance 4 months after the injury.


RESULTS
The results revealed no between-group difference regarding acute S100B serum concentration. In children after mTBI, group-specific significant Spearman correlations were found between S100B and post-acute cognitive PCS (r = 0.54, p = 0.001) as well as S100B and verbal memory performance (r = -0.47, p = 0.006). In children after OI, there were insignificant positive relations between S100B and post-acute somatic PCS. In addition, insignificant positive correlations were found between neuropsychological outcome and S100B in children after OI.


CONCLUSIONS
S100B was not specific for mild brain injuries and may also be elevated after OI. The group-specific association between S100B and ongoing cognitive PCS in children after mTBI should motivate to examine further the role of S100B as a diagnostic biomarker in paediatric mTBI.
a Department of Paediatric Neurology , Development & Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland .
Martina
M
Studer
a Department of Paediatric Neurology , Development & Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland .
Barbara
B
Goeggel Simonetti
a Department of Paediatric Neurology , Development & Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland .
Theda
T
Heinks
a Department of Paediatric Neurology , Development & Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland .
Maja
M
Steinlin
b Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland , and.
Alexander
A
Leichtle
c Department of Paediatric Surgery , University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
Steffen
S
Berger
c Department of Paediatric Surgery , University Children's Hospital Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
Alexander
A
Joeris
D000293:Adolescent; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human
Biomarker S100B serum; neuropsychological outcome; paediatric mild traumatic brain injury; post-concussive symptoms