Role of the single deaminase domain APOBEC3A in virus restriction, retrotransposition, DNA damage and cancer.
The apolipoprotein mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3; A3) proteins are a family of seven cytidine deaminases (A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G and A3H) that restrict certain viral infections. These innate defence factors are best known for their ability to restrict the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) lacking a functional Vif protein (HIV-1Δvif) through the deamination of cytidine residues to uridines during reverse transcription, ultimately leading to lethal G → A changes in the viral genome. The best studied of the A3 proteins has been APOBEC3G because of its potent activity against HIV-1Δvif. However, one member of this family, A3A, has biological properties that make it unique among the A3 proteins. In this review, we will focus on the structural and phylogenetic features of the human and non-human primate A3A proteins, their role in the restriction of retroviruses and other viruses, and current findings on other biological properties affected by this protein.
Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Yaqiong
Y
Wang
Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Kimberly
K
Schmitt
Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Kejun
K
Guo
Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Mario L
ML
Santiago
Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Edward B
EB
Stephens
D000818:Animals; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011323:Primates; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
D003564:Cytidine Deaminase