MMSA-1 expression pattern in multiple myeloma and its clinical significance.
Multiple myeloma-associated antigen-1 (MMSA-1) is a novel multiple myeloma (MM)-associated antigen which has been recently identified. Herein, we have tried to examine its clinical significance by studying the relationship between its expression and selected clinicopathological features. We extracted mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MM patients and healthy donors and compared the MMSA-1 expression by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, we also analyzed MMSA-1 expression in patients that were grouped based on selected clinical parameters. Moreover, the impact of MMSA-1 on patients' survival was also explored. MMSA-1 mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in MM patients in comparison with healthy donors. Moreover, among the newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients, the MMSA-1 expression was higher in relapsed/refractory patients. In addition, MMSA-1 mRNA expression not only showed significantly higher correlation with clinical parameters such as age, Durie and Salmon stage, bone lesion condition, albumin, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase but also has a close relationship with myeloma bone disease-related cytokines, genetic abnormalities and treatment response. Multivariate COX analysis predicted MMSA-1 and LDH levels to be independently associated with a poor progression-free survival and overall survival in myeloma patients. Our findings provide initial proof of concept that MMSA-1 is a potent gene that is specifically expressed in MM patients and could be a feasible biomarker and independent prognostic factor.
Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Shan
S
Meng
Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Chenyang
C
Lu
Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China. zhangwanggang2003@yahoo.com.
Wanggang
W
Zhang
Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Wenjun
W
Shen
Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Yongchang
Y
Wei
Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Dan
D
Su
Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China. zhoufuling@163.com.
Fuling
F
Zhou
D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000217:Acyltransferases; C504825:ZDHHC9 protein, human
Hematological malignancy; LDH; MMSA-1; Multiple myeloma