In Vivo Osseointegration Performance of Titanium Dioxide Coating Modified Polyetheretherketone Using Arc Ion Plating for Spinal Implant Application.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which has biomechanical performance similar to that of human cancellous bone, is used widely as a spinal implant material. However, its bioinertness and hydrophobic surface properties result in poor osseointegration. This study applies a novel modification method, arc ion plating (AIP), that produces a highly osteoblast compatible titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings on a PEEK substrate. This PEEK with TiO2 coating (TiO2/PEEK) was implanted into the femurs of New Zealand white male rabbits to evaluate its in vivo performance by the push-out test and histological observation. Analytical results show that AIP can prepare TiO2 coatings on bullet-shaped PEEK substrates as implant materials. After prolonged implantation in rabbits, no signs of inflammation existed. Newly regenerated bone formed more prominently with the TiO2/PEEK implant by histological observation. The shear strength of the bone/implant interface increases as implantation period increases. Most importantly, bone bonding performance of the TiO2/PEEK implant was superior to that of bare PEEK. The rutile-TiO2 coatings achieved better osseointegration than the anatase-TiO2 coatings. Therefore, AIP-TiO2 can serve as a novel surface modification method on PEEK for spinal interbody fusion cages.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung City 40724, Taiwan ; Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan ; Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sha-Luen Hu, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan.
Hsi-Kai
HK
Tsou
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung City 40724, Taiwan.
Meng-Hui
MH
Chi
Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan ; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
Yi-Wen
YW
Hung
Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan.
Chi-Jen
CJ
Chung
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung City 40724, Taiwan.
Ju-Liang
JL
He
D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D033081:Shear Strength; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium
D001577:Benzophenones; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014025:Titanium