Endovascular Therapy Is Effective and Safe for Patients With Severe Ischemic Stroke: Pooled Analysis of Interventional Management of Stroke III and Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands Data.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the effect of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients with severe neurological deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, ≥20) after a prespecified analysis plan.


METHODS
The pooled analysis of the Interventional Management of Stroke III (IMS III) and Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) trials included participants with an National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥20 before intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment (IMS III) or randomization (MR CLEAN) who were treated with intravenous tPA ≤3 hours of stroke onset. Our hypothesis was that participants with severe stroke randomized to endovascular therapy after intravenous tPA would have improved 90-day outcome (distribution of modified Rankin Scale scores), when compared with those who received intravenous tPA alone.


RESULTS
Among 342 participants in the pooled analysis (194 from IMS III and 148 from MR CLEAN), an ordinal logistic regression model showed that the endovascular group had superior 90-day outcome compared with the intravenous tPA group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.66). In the logistic regression model of the dichotomous outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2, or functional independence), the endovascular group had superior outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.56). Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, ≤2) at 90 days was 25% in the endovascular group when compared with 14% in the intravenous tPA group.


CONCLUSIONS
Endovascular therapy after intravenous tPA within 3 hours of symptom onset improves functional outcome at 90 days after severe ischemic stroke.


BACKGROUND
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00359424 (IMS III) and ISRCTN10888758 (MR CLEAN).
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Joseph P
JP
Broderick
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Olvert A
OA
Berkhemer
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Yuko Y
YY
Palesch
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Diederik W J
DW
Dippel
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Lydia D
LD
Foster
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Yvo B W E M
YB
Roos
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Aad
A
van der Lugt
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Thomas A
TA
Tomsick
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Charles B L M
CB
Majoie
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Wim H
WH
van Zwam
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Andrew M
AM
Demchuk
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Robert J
RJ
van Oostenbrugge
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Pooja
P
Khatri
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Hester F
HF
Lingsma
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Michael D
MD
Hill
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Bob
B
Roozenbeek
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Edward C
EC
Jauch
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Tudor G
TG
Jovin
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Bernard
B
Yan
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Rüdiger
R
von Kummer
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Carlos A
CA
Molina
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Mayank
M
Goyal
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Wouter J
WJ
Schonewille
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Mikael
M
Mazighi
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Stefan T
ST
Engelter
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Craig S
CS
Anderson
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Judith
J
Spilker
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Janice
J
Carrozzella
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Karla J
KJ
Ryckborst
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
L Scott
LS
Janis
From the Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine and Radiology, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B., P.K., J.S., J.C., T.A.T.); Division of Emergency Medicine (E.C.J.), Department of Public Health Sciences (Y.Y.P., L.D.F.), and Department of Healthcare Management and Leadership (K.N.S.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H., M.G., K.J.R.); the Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (B.Y.); Department of Neuroradiology, Dresden University Stroke Center, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany (R.v.K.); Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.); Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.); the George Institute for Global Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.S.A.); and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S.J.); the Department of Radiology (O.A.B., C.B.L.M.M.) and Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), Radiology (A.v.d.L.), and Public Health (H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.) and N
Kit N
KN
Simpson
D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
clinical trial; endovascular procedures; stroke; tissue-type plasminogen activator