PCBs attenuation and abundance of Dehalococcoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic genes in typical polychlorinated biphenyl-polluted soil under floody and dry soil conditions.
This study investigates PCBs attenuation and the abundance of active polychlorinated-degrading Dehalococcoides spp. biphenyl dioxygenase (bphC), chemotaxis (CheA), and flagellum (flic) genes in floody and dry soil conditions polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls. The results revealed that total PCBs, high chlorinated PCBs (>4 cl), and less chlorinated PCBs (<4 cl) decreased with the passage of time in floody and dry soil conditions. The reduction of total PCBs (13.87%) and less chlorinated PCBs (15.39%) was more in dry soil than floody soil, while high chlorinated PCBs showed more reduction in floody soil (8.06%) than dry soil. Dehaloccoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic genes indicated temporal dynamics in abundance in floody and dry soil conditions. The highest abundance was 1.6 × 10(9), 3.7 × 10(4), and 3.6 × 10(2) copies in floody and 1.6 × 10(4) copies in dry soil for Dehalococcoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic, respectively. Multivariate statistics (RDA) revealed that Dehaloccoides spp. were positively influenced by the higher chlorinated PCBs and soil physical properties, CheA gene with floody soil, flic gene with total PCBs and less chlorinated PCBs, and bphC gene was affected with moisture contents and less chlorinated PCBs. This study provides new insight in the attenuation of PCBs and the abundance of active Dehalococcoides spp. and genes in PCBs polluted soil under floody and dry soil conditions.
College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.|Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park road, Islamabad, Pakistan.|Institute of Health and Management Sciences, Green Avenue, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zaffar
MZ
Hashmi
College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Zhihui
Z
Qin
College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoyan
X
Yao
Department of Building and Architecture Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Zulkifl
Z
Ahmed
College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Su
S
Xiaomei
College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Chaofeng
C
Shen
College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. xianjin@zju.edu.cn.
Xianjin
X
Tang
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002633:Chemotaxis; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005408:Flagellin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D054879:Halogenation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water
D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014867:Water; D005408:Flagellin; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D049308:Dioxygenases; D011494:Protein Kinases
Aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions; Biphenyl dioxygenase gene (bphC); Chemotaxis and flagellum genes; Dehalococcoides spp.; E-waste