Trends in antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida spp. from the nasolacrimal duct of horses.
This was a cross-sectional study to investigate the antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence factors in strains of Candida isolated from the outlet and the lumen of the nasolacrimal duct of horses in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The samples were obtained from 103 horses. Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect the material from the outlet of the nasolacrimal duct and urethral probes, for the instillation of 2 ml of saline solution, were used to collect samples from the lumen of the nasolacrimal duct. A total of 77 Candida isolates were obtained, with C. famata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. parapsilosis sensu lato as the most prevalent species. One isolate (C. glabrata) was resistant to caspofungin. One isolate was resistant only to fluconazole (C. parapsilosis sensu lato), 11 were resistant only to itraconazole (7 C. tropicalis, 2 C. guilliermondii, 1 C. famata, 1 C. parapsilosis sensu lato), while eight C. tropicalis showed resistance to both azoles. Overall, 28 isolates produced phospholipases and 12 produced proteases. These results highlight the importance of investigating the antifungal susceptibility and virulence trends of Candida spp. from the microbiota of the nasolacrimal duct of horses.
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil brilhante@ufc.br.
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira
RS
Brilhante
School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Paula Vago
PV
Bittencourt
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Débora de Souza Collares Maia
Dde S
Castelo-Branco
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Jonathas Sales
JS
de Oliveira
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Lucas Pereira de
LP
Alencar
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Rossana de Aguiar
Rde A
Cordeiro
School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Mariana
M
Pinheiro
School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Evilázio Fernandes
EF
Nogueira-Filho
Department of Transport Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Waldemiro de Aquino
Wde A
Pereira-Neto
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
José Júlio Costa
JJ
Sidrim
Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
Marcos Fábio Gadelha
MF
Rocha
D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000382:microbiology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis; D014521:Urethra / Q000382:microbiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000032:analysis*
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D037521:Virulence Factors; D010740:Phospholipases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
antifungal; horses; resistance; virulence; yeasts