Splenium development and early spoken language in human infants.
The association between developmental trajectories of language-related white matter fiber pathways from 6 to 24 months of age and individual differences in language production at 24 months of age was investigated. The splenium of the corpus callosum, a fiber pathway projecting through the posterior hub of the default mode network to occipital visual areas, was examined as well as pathways implicated in language function in the mature brain, including the arcuate fasciculi, uncinate fasciculi, and inferior longitudinal fasciculi. The hypothesis that the development of neural circuitry supporting domain-general orienting skills would relate to later language performance was tested in a large sample of typically developing infants. The present study included 77 infants with diffusion weighted MRI scans at 6, 12 and 24 months and language assessment at 24 months. The rate of change in splenium development varied significantly as a function of language production, such that children with greater change in fractional anisotropy (FA) from 6 to 24 months produced more words at 24 months. Contrary to findings from older children and adults, significant associations between language production and FA in the arcuate, uncinate, or left inferior longitudinal fasciculi were not observed. The current study highlights the importance of tracing brain development trajectories from infancy to fully elucidate emerging brain-behavior associations while also emphasizing the role of the splenium as a key node in the structural network that supports the acquisition of spoken language.
The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Meghan R
MR
Swanson
The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.|Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA.
Jason J
JJ
Wolff
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA.
Jed T
JT
Elison
The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Hongbin
H
Gu
The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Heather C
HC
Hazlett
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, USA.
Kelly
K
Botteron
The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.|Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Martin
M
Styner
Department of Psychology, Temple University, USA.|Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Sarah
S
Paterson
Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, USA.
Guido
G
Gerig
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, USA.
John
J
Constantino
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, USA.
Stephen
S
Dager
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, USA.
Annette
A
Estes
Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, USA.
Clement
C
Vachet
The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Joseph
J
Piven
D002657:Child Development; D003337:Corpus Callosum; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D007804:Language Development; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology*