Thoracic Metastases From Primary Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies: Predictable Patterns of Metastatic Spread.
This article reviews common and uncommon patterns of thoracic metastatic disease in primary hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies that are often overlooked or improperly diagnosed because of atypical location or imaging appearance. An understanding of the pathophysiology and routes of tumor spread aids in tailoring a search pattern allowing for more accurate evaluation of disease activity.
*Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City †Department of Radiology, Thoracic Imaging Division ‡Department of Pathology, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, MO §Department of Radiology, Thoracic Imaging Division, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
Ross A
RA
Holwerda
Christopher M
CM
Walker
Melissa L
ML
Rosado-de-Christenson
Santiago
S
Martínez-Jiménez
Jeffrey R
JR
Kunin
Paul P
PP
Pettavel
Sonia L
SL
Betancourt
D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed