Optimism and Spontaneous Self-affirmation are Associated with Lower Likelihood of Cognitive Impairment and Greater Positive Affect among Cancer Survivors.
BACKGROUND
Optimism and self-affirmation promote adaptive coping, goal achievement, and better health.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to examine the associations of optimism and spontaneous self-affirmation (SSA) with physical, mental, and cognitive health and information seeking among cancer survivors.


METHODS
Cancer survivors (n = 326) completed the Health Information National Trends Survey 2013, a national survey of US adults. Participants reported optimism, SSA, cognitive and physical impairment, affect, health status, and information seeking.


RESULTS
Participants higher in optimism reported better health on nearly all indices examined, even when controlling for SSA. Participants higher in SSA reported lower likelihood of cognitive impairment, greater happiness and hopefulness, and greater likelihood of cancer information seeking. SSA remained significantly associated with greater hopefulness and cancer information seeking when controlling for optimism.


CONCLUSIONS
Optimism and SSA may be associated with beneficial health-related outcomes among cancer survivors. Given the demonstrated malleability of self-affirmation, these findings represent important avenues for future research.
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 3E642, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9761, USA. jennifer.taber@nih.gov.
Jennifer M
JM
Taber
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 3E642, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9761, USA.
William M P
WM
Klein
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 3E642, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9761, USA.
Rebecca A
RA
Ferrer
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 3E642, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9761, USA.
Erin E
EE
Kent
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, Falmer, UK.
Peter R
PR
Harris
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D057226:Information Seeking Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000067656:Optimism / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
Affect; Cancer survivors; Cognitive impairment; Health Information National Trends Survey; Optimism; Self-affirmation