Immediate results of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.
Light with or without chemical agents has been used to induce therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. With photodynamic therapy, the antimicrobial effect is confined to areas covered by a photosensitive dye and irradiated with light. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents through the analysis of volatile sulfur compounds, especially sulfide. A controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 45 adolescents randomly allocated to three groups: group 1, photodynamic therapy administered to the dorsum of the tongue; group 2, treatment with a tongue scraper; and group 3, treatment with a tongue scraper combined with photodynamic therapy. The diagnosis of halitosis was performed using gas chromatography before and after treatment. Comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test, with the level of significance set at 5 % (p < 0.05). After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in halitosis was found in all groups (p < 0.001). The greatest reduction in total sulfides (median = 0) occurred with the combination of tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The present study describes a novel option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents with an immediate effect that does not involve the mechanical aggression of the lingual papillae that occurs with conventional treatment.


BACKGROUND
Photodynamic Therapy in Adolescents Halitosis ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02007993?term=NCT02007993&rank=1 )Number: NCT02007993FUNDING:FAPESPNumber: 2013/13032-8.
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rubia Garcia
RG
Lopes
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Carolina Costa
AC
da Mota
Center of Excellence in the Treatment of Halitosis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Carolina
C
Soares
Center of Excellence in the Treatment of Halitosis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Olinda
O
Tarzia
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alessandro Melo
AM
Deana
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Renato Araújo
RA
Prates
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cristiane Miranda
CM
França
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Kristianne Porta Santos
KP
Fernandes
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Raquel Agnelli Mesquita
RA
Ferrari
Biophotonics Applied to Science Health Post Graduation Program, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil. sandra.skb@gmail.com.
Sandra Kalil
SK
Bussadori
D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D014059:Tongue; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D013440:Sulfides
Halitosis; Laser; Photodynamic therapy; Tongue