Risk Factors and Early Predictors for Heterotopic Pregnancy after In Vitro Fertilization.
This study investigated the risk factors and early predictors for heterotopic pregnancy (HP) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). From January 2008 to January 2013, 41 cases of HP and 72 cases of intrauterine twin pregnancy after IVF-ET were recruited and retrospectively analyzed. Compared with intrauterine twin pregnancy group, the HP group had a lower basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level (P = 0.005) and more cases had a history of hydrosalpinx (P = 0.008). After 14 days of IVF-ET, the serum β-HCG (β-human chorionic gonadotropin), E2 (Estradiol) and P (Progesterone) levels were lower in HP group (P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain were the significant features of HP before diagnosis (P<0.001, respectively). Further by logistic regression, serum β-hCG, P levels on the 14th day after ET, and vaginal bleeding were identified as the independent factors of HP. These results indicate that when two or more embryos transferred in IVF procedure, β-hCG, P levels on the 14th day after ET, and vaginal bleeding could be taken as predictors for HP.
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China.
Meiju
M
Liu
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Xiuqing
X
Zhang
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Ling
L
Geng
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Mingdi
M
Xia
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China.
Junyu
J
Zhai
Department of joint and bone oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China.
Wei
W
Zhang
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Yuchao
Y
Zhang
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Yinhua
Y
Sun
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Jiangtao
J
Zhang
Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China.
Dongyi
D
Zhu
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
Han
H
Zhao
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250001, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetic, Jinan, China; The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China.
Zi-Jiang
ZJ
Chen
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D063192:Pregnancy, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors