Urinary IP-10, MCP-1, NGAL, Cystatin-C, and KIM-1 Levels in Prenatally Diagnosed Unilateral Hydronephrosis: The Search for an Ideal Biomarker.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the urinary interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin-C, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels in the management of children with prenatally diagnosed unilateral hydronephrosis.


METHODS
Twenty-seven children with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis were enrolled into the study. The controls consisted of 9 healthy children (6 boys, 3 girls; mean age: 41.77 ± 5.30 months). Thirteen children (9 boys, 4 girls; mean age: 48.46 ± 21.11 months) underwent pyeloplasty on follow-up; the remaining 14 (13 boys, 1 girl; mean age: 36.57 ± 14.02 months) were followed up after being diagnosed as having nonobstructive dilatation (NOD). The urinary marker levels were measured in the pyeloplasty, the NOD, and the control groups.


RESULTS
The preoperative concentrations of IP-10, MCP-1, NGAL, and KIM-1 were significantly higher in the pyeloplasty group than in the control group (P = .024, P = .002, P = .032, P = .001, respectively). The urinary IP-10 and MCP-1 levels were also significantly higher in the pyeloplasty group than in the NOD group (P = .038, P = .037, respectively). There was no significant difference between the pyeloplasty group and the NOD group regarding urinary NGAL and KIM-1. In the pyeloplasty group, urinary marker levels except cystatin-C were significantly decreased in the postoperative period.


CONCLUSIONS
A decrease in levels of IP-10, MCP-1, NGAL, and KIM-1 after pyeloplasty may be used as a predictor of surgical outcome. Additionally, IP-10 and MCP-1 were superior to NGAL and KIM-1 in predicting who required surgery.
Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Serkan
S
Karakus
Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: tayfuno@istanbul.edu.tr.
Tayfun
T
Oktar
Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Canan
C
Kucukgergin
Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ibrahim
I
Kalelioglu
Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Sule
S
Seckin
Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Arda
A
Atar
Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Haluk
H
Ander
Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Orhan
O
Ziylan
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000652:urine*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000652:urine*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine*; D007223:Infant; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016482:Urinalysis; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D055316:Cystatin C; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus