A critical role of cardiac fibroblast-derived exosomes in activating renin angiotensin system in cardiomyocytes.
Chronic activation of the myocardial renin angiotensin system (RAS) elevates the local level of angiotensin II (Ang II) thereby inducing pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which contributes to heart failure. However, the precise underlying mechanisms have not been fully delineated. Herein we report a novel paracrine mechanism between cardiac fibroblasts (CF)s and cardiomyocytes whereby Ang II induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In cultured CFs, Ang II treatment enhanced exosome release via the activation of Ang II receptor types 1 (AT1R) and 2 (AT2R), whereas lipopolysaccharide, insulin, endothelin (ET)-1, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)1 or hydrogen peroxide did not. The CF-derived exosomes upregulated the expression of renin, angiotensinogen, AT1R, and AT2R, downregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and enhanced Ang II production in cultured cardiomyocytes. In addition, the CF exosome-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was blocked by both AT1R and AT2R antagonists. Exosome inhibitors, GW4869 and dimethyl amiloride (DMA), inhibited CF-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with little effect on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanistically, CF exosomes upregulated RAS in cardiomyocytes via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt. Finally, Ang II-induced exosome release from cardiac fibroblasts and pathological cardiac hypertrophy were dramatically inhibited by GW4869 and DMA in mice. These findings demonstrate that Ang II stimulates CFs to release exosomes, which in turn increase Ang II production and its receptor expression in cardiomyocytes, thereby intensifying Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Accordingly, specific targeting of Ang II-induced exosome release from CFs may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to treat cardiac pathological hypertrophy and heart failure.
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Linmao
L
Lyu
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Hui
H
Wang
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Bin
B
Li
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Qingyun
Q
Qin
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Lei
L
Qi
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Mitzi
M
Nagarkatti
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Prakash
P
Nagarkatti
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Joseph S
JS
Janicki
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address: xingliwang@sdu.edu.cn.
Xing Li
XL
Wang
Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Electronic address: Taixing.Cui@uscmed.sc.edu.
Taixing
T
Cui
D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D040901:Proteomics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; C468773:GW 4869; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000584:Amiloride; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Angiotensin II; Cardiac hypertrophy; Exosomes; Heart failure