Acute intermittent porphyria: comorbidity and shared familial risks with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Sweden.
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) has been associated with schizophrenia in some studies, but prior research is limited by the absence of comparison populations. Here, we linked Swedish registers to examine the risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in 717 individuals diagnosed with AIP and their first-degree relatives, compared with matched individuals without AIP and their first-degree relatives. Individuals with AIP had a fourfold increased risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Similarly, relatives of individuals with AIP had double the risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, suggesting that these associations may be as a result of common genetic influences.
Martin Cederlöf, MSc, Sarah E. Bergen, PhD, Henrik Larsson, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Mikael Landén, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Paul Lichtenstein, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Martin.Cederlof@ki.se.
Martin
M
Cederlöf
Martin Cederlöf, MSc, Sarah E. Bergen, PhD, Henrik Larsson, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Mikael Landén, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Paul Lichtenstein, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sarah E
SE
Bergen
Martin Cederlöf, MSc, Sarah E. Bergen, PhD, Henrik Larsson, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Mikael Landén, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Paul Lichtenstein, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Henrik
H
Larsson
Martin Cederlöf, MSc, Sarah E. Bergen, PhD, Henrik Larsson, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Mikael Landén, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Paul Lichtenstein, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mikael
M
Landén
Martin Cederlöf, MSc, Sarah E. Bergen, PhD, Henrik Larsson, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Mikael Landén, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Paul Lichtenstein, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Paul
P
Lichtenstein
D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017118:Porphyria, Acute Intermittent / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013548:Sweden