Fluoxetine stimulates anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine production and attenuates sensory deficits in a rat model of decompression sickness.
Despite "gold standard" hyperbaric oxygen treatment, 30% of patients suffering from neurological decompression sickness still exhibit incomplete recovery, including sensory impairments. Fluoxetine, a well-known antidepressant, is recognized as having anti-inflammatory effects in the setting of cerebral ischemia. In this study, we focused on the assessment of sensory neurological deficits and measurement of circulating cytokines after decompression in rats treated or not with fluoxetine. Seventy-eight rats were divided into a clinical (n = 38) and a cytokine (n = 40) group. In both groups, the rats were treated with fluoxetine (30 mg/kg po, 6 h beforehand) or with a saccharine solution. All of the rats were exposed to 90 m seawater for 45 min before staged decompression. In the clinical group, paw withdrawal force after mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency after thermal stimulation were evaluated before and 1 and 48 h after surfacing. At 48 h, a dynamic weight-bearing device was used to assess postural stability, depending on the time spent on three or four paws. For cytokine analysis, blood samples were collected from the vena cava 1 h after surfacing. Paw withdrawal force and latency were increased after surfacing in the controls, but not in the fluoxetine group. Dynamic weight-bearing assessment highlighted a better stability on three paws for the fluoxetine group. IL-10 levels were significantly decreased after decompression in the controls, but maintained at baseline level with fluoxetine. This study suggests that fluoxetine has a beneficial effect on sensory neurological recovery. We hypothesize that the observed effect is mediated through maintained anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production.
Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Équipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France; je.blatteau@infonie.fr.
Jean-Eric
JE
Blatteau
Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Équipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France;
Sébastien
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-5184
S
de Maistre
Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Équipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France; Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Éducation, Sport, Santé (LAMHESS), Université de Toulon UFR STAPS, La Garde, France;
Kate
K
Lambrechts
Département d'Anesthésiologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and Normandie-Université, Université de Caen-Basse Normandie, Caen, France.
Jacques
J
Abraini
Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Équipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France;
Jean-Jacques
JJ
Risso
Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Équipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France;
Nicolas
N
Vallée
D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012623:Seawater; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016474:Weight-Bearing
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; D016753:Interleukin-10
antidepressant; bubble; decompression sickness; diving; neuroprotection