Neuroimaging characteristics of ruptured aneurysm as predictors of outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: pooled analyses of the SAHIT cohort.
OBJECT Neuroimaging characteristics of ruptured aneurysms are important to guide treatment selection, and they have been studied for their value as outcome predictors following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Despite multiple studies, the prognostic value of aneurysm diameter, location, and extravasated SAH clot on computed tomography scan remains debatable. The authors aimed to more precisely ascertain the relation of these factors to outcome. METHODS The data sets of studies included in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) repository were analyzed including data on ruptured aneurysm location and diameter (7 studies, n = 9125) and on subarachnoid clot graded on the Fisher scale (8 studies; n = 9452) for the relation to outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 3 months. Prognostic strength was quantified by fitting proportional odds logistic regression models. Univariable odds ratios (ORs) were pooled across studies using random effects models. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for fixed effect of study, age, neurological status on admission, other neuroimaging factors, and treatment modality. The neuroimaging predictors were assessed for their added incremental predictive value measured as partial R(2). RESULTS Spline plots indicated outcomes were worse at extremes of aneurysm size, i.e., less than 4 or greater than 9 mm. In between, aneurysm size had no effect on outcome (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.98-1.09 for 9 mm vs 4 mm, i.e., 75th vs 25th percentile), except in those who were treated conservatively (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35). Compared with anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, posterior circulation aneurysms tended to result in slightly poorer outcome in patients who underwent endovascular coil embolization (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.82-1.57) or surgical clipping (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.57); the relation was statistically significant only in the latter. Fisher CT subarachnoid clot burden was related to outcome in a gradient manner. Each of the studied predictors accounted for less than 1% of the explained variance in outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study, which is based on the largest cohort of patients so far analyzed, has more precisely determined the prognostic value of the studied neuroimaging factors. Treatment choice has strong influence on the prognostic effect of aneurysm size and location. These findings should guide the development of reliable prognostic models and inform the design and analysis of future prospective studies, including clinical trials.
Division of Neurosurgery and.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital;|Institute of Medical Science;
Blessing N R
BN
Jaja
Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Hester
H
Lingsma
Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ewout W
EW
Steyerberg
Division of Neurosurgery and.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital;|Institute of Medical Science;
Tom A
TA
Schweizer
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital;|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.
Kevin E
KE
Thorpe
Division of Neurosurgery and.|Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital;|Institute of Medical Science;
R Loch
RL
Macdonald
D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
ACA = anterior cerebral artery; CONSCIOUS-1 = Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After SAH; D-SAT = University of Washington Database of Subarachnoid Treatment; GOS = Glasgow Outcome Scale; ICA = internal carotid artery; IQR = interquartile range; ISAT = International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial; MCA= middle cerebral artery; OR = odds ratio; RCT = randomized clinical trial; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage; SAHIT = Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists; SHOP = Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcomes Project; WFNS = World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies; intracranial aneurysm; meta-analysis; outcome assessment; risk factors; subarachnoid hemorrhage; vascular disorders