Autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head.
Impairments of autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head play a critical role in ocular pathologies, especially glaucomatous optic neuropathy. We critically review the literature in the field, integrating results obtained in clinical, experimental, and theoretical studies. We address the mechanisms of autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head, the current methods used to assess autoregulation--including measurements of optic nerve head blood flow (or volume and velocity)--blood flow data collected in the optic nerve head as pressure or metabolic demand is varied in healthy and pathologic conditions, and the current status and potential of mathematical modeling work to further the understanding of the relationship between ocular blood flow mechanisms and diseases such as glaucoma.
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Electronic address: dprada@iupui.edu.
Daniele
D
Prada
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Alon
A
Harris
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; LabEx IRMIA, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France.
Giovanna
G
Guidoboni
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Brent
B
Siesky
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Amelia M
AM
Huang
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Julia
J
Arciero
D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D000069336:Neurovascular Coupling / Q000502:physiology*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology
autoregulation in the optic nerve head; blood flow regulation modeling; effects of impaired blood flow regulation; glaucoma; mechanical influences on autoregulation; metabolic autoregulation; neurovascular coupling; ocular biomechanics and hemodynamics; optic neuropathies