Hospital and intensive care unit management of decompensated pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure.
Pulmonary hypertension and concomitant right ventricular failure present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care unit and have been associated with a high mortality. Significant co-morbidities and hemodynamic instability are often present, and routine critical care unit resuscitation may worsen hemodynamics and limit the chances of survival in patients with an already underlying poor prognosis. Right ventricular failure results from structural or functional processes that limit the right ventricle's ability to maintain adequate cardiac output. It is commonly seen as the result of left heart failure, acute pulmonary embolism, progression or decompensation of pulmonary hypertension, sepsis, acute lung injury, or in the perioperative setting. Prompt recognition of the underlying cause and institution of treatment with a thorough understanding of the elements necessary to optimize preload, cardiac contractility, enhance systemic arterial perfusion, and reduce right ventricular afterload are of paramount importance. Moreover, the emergence of previously uncommon entities in patients with pulmonary hypertension (pregnancy, sepsis, liver disease, etc.) and the availability of modern devices to provide support pose additional challenges that must be addressed with an in-depth knowledge of this disease.
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, KY Clinic L543, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. angel.coz@uky.edu.
Angel
A
Coz Yataco
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine - Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Melina
M
Aguinaga Meza
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, KY Clinic L543, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
Ketan P
KP
Buch
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, KY Clinic L543, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
Margaret A
MA
Disselkamp
D002302:Cardiac Output; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D011247:Pregnancy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000628:therapy*
Intensive care management; Pregnancy; Pulmonary hypertension; Right ventricular failure; Sepsis