Cell Signaling Pathways Involved During Invasion and Syncytialization of Trophoblast Cells.
Implantation involves an extensive cross talk between the trophoblast cells and the receptive endometrium through embryonic as well as endometrial-derived factors that regulate the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells and also syncytia formation. Any aberration in this highly regulated process may lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, or even pregnancy failure. How various cytokines and growth factors act by activating various cell signaling pathways leading to the expression of the effector molecules have been reviewed, which control invasion and migration of trophoblast cells and syncytialization. The gaps in our current understanding of the various signaling pathways, activated by different cytokines/growth factors, their possible cross talk for optimized effector function(s), and future prospects in this field have been discussed.
Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
Satish Kumar
SK
Gupta
Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
Sudha Saryu
SS
Malhotra
Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
Ankita
A
Malik
Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
Sonam
S
Verma
Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
Piyush
P
Chaudhary
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
D016207:Cytokines
JAK-STAT; Wnt signaling; cAMP/PKA signaling; cytokines and growth factors; mitogen-activated protein kinases; trophoblast