Spider, bacterial and fungal phospholipase D toxins make cyclic phosphate products.
Phospholipase D (PLD) toxins from sicariid spiders, which cause disease in mammals, were recently found to convert their primary substrates, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine, to cyclic phospholipids. Here we show that two PLD toxins from pathogenic actinobacteria and ascomycete fungi, which share distant homology with the spider toxins, also generate cyclic phospholipids. This shared function supports divergent evolution of the PLD toxins from a common ancestor and suggests the importance of cyclic phospholipids in pathogenicity.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Daniel M
DM
Lajoie
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Electronic address: cordes@email.arizona.edu.
Matthew H J
MH
Cordes
D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000201:enzymology*; D013112:Spiders
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D009183:Mycotoxins; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D013111:Spider Venoms; D010739:Phospholipase D
(31)P-NMR; Arcanobacterium haemolyticum; Coccidioides posadasii; Phospholipase D; Toxin evolution