Clinical and Biochemical Markers of Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Women With the Metabolic Syndrome.
The pathobiological impact of individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) on cardiac structural and functional parameters in women with isolated MS is not known. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare biochemical (prothrombotic, lipogenic, and inflammatory) and imaging (carotid intima-media thickening and basic cardiac structural measurements) markers in women with and without MS and (2) to examine if any of these markers associated or predicted cardiac structural differences between the 2 groups. This cross-sectional pilot study included 88 women with MS and 35 women without it. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Patients with diagnosis of diabetes were excluded. Compared with healthy subjects, women with MS had higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule, myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, apolipoprotein-B, and lower levels of apolipoprotein-A1 (p <0.001 for all). They also had higher mean ventricular septum, posterior wall thickness, left ventricular (LV) mass, carotid intima-media thickness (p <0.001 for all), and left atrial diameter (p = 0.015). In multivariable regression models, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (BP) were significant predictors of: ventricular septum (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively), posterior wall thickness (p = 0.008 and p = 0.040, respectively), and LV mass (p <0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Significant predictors for carotid intima-media thickness were systolic BP, glucose, and leptin (p <0.0001, p = 0.034, and p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, there are significant clinical, biochemical, and cardiovascular structural differences in women with isolated MS compared with those without. Waist circumference and systolic BP had the strongest association with cardiac structural differences in this group of women.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida. Electronic address: gvelarde@comcast.net.
Gladys P
GP
Velarde
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Saadia
S
Sherazi
Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Dale F
DF
Kraemer
Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida.
Katia
K
Bravo-Jaimes
Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida; Vistakon/Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida.
Ryan
R
Butterfield
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Tonja
T
Amico
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Sherry D
SD
Steinmetz
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Maricela
M
Guzman
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Dale
D
Martin
Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida.
Sunita
S
Dodani
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Brian H
BH
Smith
D000178:Acrylamides / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
C531963:2-(2,6-dichloro-4-((3-furan-2-ylacryloylamino)methyl)benzoylamino)-3-((thiazolidine-4-carbonyl)amino)propionic acid; D000178:Acrylamides; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D015091:beta-Alanine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase