Electrode-electrolyte interface in Li-ion batteries: current understanding and new insights.
Understanding reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface (EEI) is essential to developing strategies to enhance cycle life and safety of lithium batteries. Despite research in the past four decades, there is still limited understanding by what means different components are formed at the EEI and how they influence EEI layer properties. We review findings used to establish the well-known mosaic structure model for the EEI (often referred to as solid electrolyte interphase or SEI) on negative electrodes including lithium, graphite, tin, and silicon. Much less understanding exists for EEI layers for positive electrodes. High-capacity Li-rich layered oxides yLi2-xMnO3·(1-y)Li1-xMO2, which can generate highly reactive species toward the electrolyte via oxygen anion redox, highlight the critical need to understand reactions with the electrolyte and EEI layers for advanced positive electrodes. Recent advances in in situ characterization of well-defined electrode surfaces can provide mechanistic insights and strategies to tailor EEI layer composition and properties.
Magali
M
Gauthier
Thomas J
TJ
Carney
Alexis
A
Grimaud
Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca , Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy.
Livia
L
Giordano
Nir
N
Pour
Hao-Hsun
HH
Chang
David P
DP
Fenning
BMW Group Technology Office USA , 2606 Bayshore Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United States.
Simon F
SF
Lux
BMW Group , Petuelring 130, 80788 München, Germany.
Odysseas
O
Paschos
BMW Group , Petuelring 130, 80788 München, Germany.
Christoph
C
Bauer
BMW Group , Petuelring 130, 80788 München, Germany.
Filippo
F
Maglia
BMW Group , Petuelring 130, 80788 München, Germany.
Saskia
S
Lupart
BMW Group , Petuelring 130, 80788 München, Germany.
Peter
P
Lamp
Yang
Y
Shao-Horn