Brain diseases and tumorigenesis: The good and bad cops of pentraxin3.
The prototype of long pentraxins, Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional, pattern-recognition protein constituted by a cyclic multimeric structure. PTX3 interacts with a variety of ligands, such as growth factors, extracellular matrix components, molecules of the complement cascade, pathogens recognition proteins, angiogenetic and adhesion molecules. PTX3 could be considered as a molecular link between innate and adaptive immunity as well as between focal and circulating responses during inflammation. In fact, it modulates the functions of resident dendritic cells and circulating lymphocytes. Recent evidence demonstrates that manipulation of PTX3 may produce even opposite effects depending on which target organ is considered and the physiopathological context. In the present review we discuss the good and bad cops of PTX3 concerning multifacted effects on inflammation, innate immunity, brain diseases and tumorigenesis. Finally, a perspective on PTX3 and autophagy is provided as a convergent pathway.
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) Italy. Electronic address: francesco.fornai@med.unipi.it.
Francesco
F
Fornai
I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) Italy.
Albino
A
Carrizzo
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Michela
M
Ferrucci
I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) Italy.
Antonio
A
Damato
I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) Italy.
Francesca
F
Biagioni
I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) Italy.
Anderson
A
Gaglione
IRCCS Multi Medica, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi 84081, Italy.
Annibale Alessandro
AA
Puca
I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi 84081, Italy. Electronic address: cvecchione@unisa.it.
Carmine
C
Vecchione
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000502:physiology*; D000099153:Pentraxins
D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins
Brain; Inflammation; Pentraxin3; Tumor