Recognizing and treating Raynaud phenomenon.
Raynaud phenomenon is an episodic ischemia caused by cold, emotional stimuli, or rheumatologic disorders, and is more common in women than men. This article describes the clinical presentation of Raynaud phenomenon and how to diagnose and appropriately treat patients and prevent complications. Research on the use of different pharmacologic interventions for Raynaud phenomenon is ongoing and treatment options are expanding.
Kristen Thoelen, Kimberly Maiers, and Kristy-Ann Bondi are graduates of the PA program at Pace University Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. Jean Covino is an associate clinical professor at Pace University Lenox Hill Hospital. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Kristen
K
Thoelen
Kimberly
K
Maiers
Kristy-Ann
KA
Bondi
Jean
J
Covino
D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors