Dioxins and cytogenetic status of villagers after 40 years of agent Orange application in Vietnam.
We have examined cytogenetic status of the rural population living on dioxin-contaminated territories (DCT, TCDD in soil 2.6 ng/kg) compared to the villagers of the control area (TCDD in soil 0.18 ng kg(-1)). The examination took place almost 40 years after the war. The consequences of some confounding factors (years of residence in the region, farming, and aging) has been examined. Karyological analysis of buccal and nasal epitheliocytes among healthy adult males living on DCT and control area (26 and 35 persons) was conducted. A wide range of cytogenetic (micronuclei, nuclear protrusions), proliferative (binucleated cells and cells with doubled nucleus) and endpoints of cell death (cells with perinuclear vacuoles, with damaged nucleus membrane, condensed chromatin, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) had been analyzed. The frequent amount of cells with nuclear protrusions in both epithelia was slightly decreased in the DСT group. Biomarkers of early and late stages of nuclear destruction in buccal epithelium (cells with damaged nuclear membrane, karyolysis) were elevated significantly in DCT. Higher level of the same parameters was also identified in nasal epithelium. The cytogenetic status of healthy adult males on DCT had got "normalization" by present moment in comparison with our early data. Nevertheless, in exposed group some alteration of the cytogenetic status was being registered (mostly biomarkers of apoptosis). Years of residence (and exposure to dioxins) affected the cytogenetic status of DCT inhabitants, whereas no influence of farming factors (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) had been discovered. Some biomarkers of proliferation and cell death were affected by aging.
A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: lpsycheva@mail.ru.
Lyudmila P
LP
Sycheva
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Nataliya V
NV
Umnova
A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Maria A
MA
Kovalenko
A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Vjacheslav S
VS
Zhurkov
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Andrey A
AA
Shelepchikov
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Vladimir S
VS
Roumak
D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D000328:Adult; D000075182:Agent Orange; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D003678:Defoliants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012424:Rural Population; D014744:Vietnam; D055815:Young Adult
D003678:Defoliants, Chemical; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D000075182:Agent Orange; D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Apoptosis; Buccal epithelium; Cytogenetic status; Dioxins; Micronuclei; Nasal epithelium