Unmasking of CD22 Co-receptor on Germinal Center B-cells Occurs by Alternative Mechanisms in Mouse and Man.
CD22 is an inhibitory B-cell co-receptor whose function is modulated by sialic acid (Sia)-bearing glycan ligands. Glycan remodeling in the germinal center (GC) alters CD22 ligands, with as yet no ascribed biological consequence. Here, we show in both mice and humans that loss of high affinity ligands on GC B-cells unmasks the binding site of CD22 relative to naive and memory B-cells, promoting recognition of trans ligands. The conserved modulation of CD22 ligands on GC B-cells is striking because high affinity glycan ligands of CD22 are species-specific. In both species, the high affinity ligand is based on the sequence Siaα2-6Galβ1-4GlcNAc, which terminates N-glycans. The human ligand has N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as the sialic acid, and the high affinity ligand on naive B-cells contains 6-O-sulfate on the GlcNAc. On human GC B-cells, this sulfate modification is lost, giving rise to lower affinity CD22 ligands. Ligands of CD22 on naive murine B-cells do not contain the 6-O-sulfate modification. Instead, the high affinity ligand for mouse CD22 has N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as the sialic acid, which is replaced on GC B-cells with Neu5Ac. Human naive and memory B-cells express sulfated glycans as high affinity CD22 ligands, which are lost on GC B-cells. In mice, Neu5Gc-containing glycans serve as high affinity CD22 ligands that are replaced by Neu5Ac-containing glycans on GC B-cells. Our results demonstrate that loss of high affinity CD22 ligands on GC B-cells occurs in both mice and humans through alternative mechanisms, unmasking CD22 relative to naive and memory B-cells.
From the Departments of Chemical Physiology.
Matthew S
MS
Macauley
From the Departments of Chemical Physiology.
Norihito
N
Kawasaki
Cell and Molecular Biology, and.
Wenjie
W
Peng
the Institutes of Biological Chemistry and.
Shui-Hua
SH
Wang
Cell and Molecular Biology, and.
Yuan
Y
He
Cell and Molecular Biology, and.
Britni M
BM
Arlian
Cell and Molecular Biology, and.
Ryan
R
McBride
Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
Reiji
R
Kannagi
the Institutes of Biological Chemistry and.
Kay-Hooi
KH
Khoo
From the Departments of Chemical Physiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and jpaulson@scripps.edu.
James C
JC
Paulson
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
C497867:CD22 protein, human; C497868:Cd22 protein, mouse; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
CD22; Siglec; carbohydrate-binding protein; germinal center; glycans; glycobiology; lymphocyte; sialic acid; β cell (B-cell)