Epigenetics of T lymphocytes in health and disease.
The risk of developing autoimmune diseases depends on both genetic and environmental factors, with epigenetic mechanisms of regulation potentially translating environmental cues into stable modifications in gene expression. Such stable memory of a functional state has been deciphered into a number of molecular mechanisms that collectively define the epigenetic status of a cell. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic and are able to adapt to the changing environment, with important impact on the onset and development of a number of diseases. Here, we describe some of the epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of cellular functional states in T lymphocytes, with a particular focus on DNA methylation. We will also discuss current knowledge on the role of epigenetics in autoimmunity and consider open questions in the field.
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Cristina
C
Leoni
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Lucia
L
Vincenzetti
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stefan
S
Emming
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Silvia
S
Monticelli
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*