Host Genetic Susceptibility to Enteric Viruses: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.
BACKGROUND
Norovirus and rotavirus are prominent enteric viruses responsible for severe acute gastroenteritis disease burden around the world. Both viruses recognize and bind to histo-blood group antigens, which are expressed by the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene. Individuals with a functional FUT2 gene are termed "secretors." FUT2 polymorphisms may influence viral binding patterns and, therefore, may influence host susceptibility to infection by these viruses.


METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the published literature on this topic. Data were abstracted and compiled for descriptive analyses and metaanalyses. We estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for infection using random-effects models.


RESULTS
We found that secretors were 9.9 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-24.8) as likely to be infected with genogroup II.4 noroviruses and 2.2 times as likely to be infected with genogroup II non-4 noroviruses (95% CI, 1.2-4.2) compared with nonsecretors. Secretors were also 26.6 times more susceptible to infections from P[8]-type rotaviruses compared with nonsecretors (95% CI, 8.3-85.0).


CONCLUSIONS
Our analyses indicate that host genetic susceptibility to norovirus and rotavirus infection may be strain specific. As strain distribution and the proportion of genetic phenotypes vary in different countries, future studies should focus on differences in susceptibility among various ethnicities. Knowledge of innate susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus can lead to improved understanding of both vaccine performance and individual risk of disease.
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.|Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Tennessee.
Anita
A
Kambhampati
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Daniel C
DC
Payne
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Veronica
V
Costantini
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Benjamin A
BA
Lopman
D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005647:Fucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus; D012401:Rotavirus; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D000097631:Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
D005647:Fucosyltransferases; D000097631:Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
FUT2; histo-blood group antigen; norovirus; rotavirus