Comparative study on occurrence characteristics of matrix water in static and gas double-dynamic solid-state fermentations using low-field NMR and MRI.
The water in a solid substrate is generally divided into three forms: hygroscopic, capillary, and free. However, there are few methods available for detecting the contents of different states of water in substrates. In this paper, low-field NMR and MRI were used to analyze the water occurrence characteristics of steam-exploded corn straw in solid-state fermentation (SSF). A significant linear relationship was found between the total NMR peak areas and the total water contents with a correlation coefficient of 0.993. It was further proved to be successful in comparing the contents and distributions of different states of water in static SSF and gas double-dynamic SSF (GDD-SSF). The results showed that among the three states of water, capillary water was the main form of water present and lost in substrates during fermentation. Total water and capillary water contents did not significantly differ as a result of different sample treatments, but hygroscopic water and free water contents in static SSF were respectively 0.38 and 2.98 times that in GDD-SSF with a packing height of 3 cm after fermentation. A relatively uniform water distribution and deep-depth region for microbial growth were found in GDD-SSF, suggesting that GDD-SSF was more suitable for industrialization. This technology has great potential for achieving efficient on-line water supply through water loss detection in SSF.
National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
Qin
Q
He
National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. hzchen@home.ipe.ac.cn.
Hong-zhang
HZ
Chen
D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*
D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014867:Water; D002480:Cellulase
Cellulase; Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Matrix water; Solid-state fermentation