Bioactive peptide from Pyropia yezoensis and its anti-inflammatory activities.
Pyropia yezoensis (P. yezoensis) is an important marine algae. Its high protein content serves as a good source of biologically active peptides. Potent inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory mediators were observed in a bioactive peptide derived from P. yezoensis (peptide from P. yezoensis; PPY1), as demonstrated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The present study showed that peptide concentrations ranging from 250 to 1,000 ng/ml had no significant cytotoxicity in the cell viability assay when applied to the RAW 264.7 cells for 24 h. PPY1 completely inhibited LPS‑stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence intensity, corresponding to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by 10 ng/ml LPS-stimulated cells, significantly shifted, indicating that the peptide reduced the level of ROS. Furthermore, PPY1 exerted potent inhibitory activity to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) in LPS-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These results also showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of PPY1 was associated with downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein 38, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In conclusion, PPY1 can have a significant role as an anti-inflammatory agent, with a potential for use in marine products.
Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Ah
HA
Lee
Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea.
In-Hye
IH
Kim
Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea.
Taek-Jeong
TJ
Nam
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010455:Peptides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases