A 1-bp deletion in Fgf5 causes male-dominant long hair in the Syrian hamster.
Hair length in mammals is generally regulated by the hair cycle, and its disruption leads to abnormal hair morphogenesis in several species. FGF5, one of the hair cycle regulators, has a role in inducing catagen, and that mutation causes abnormal hair length in both sexes in humans, mice, dogs, and cats. Male-dominant long-haired coat (MALC) is an inbred strain of Syrian hamster exhibiting spontaneous long hair in males. After castration, MALC exhibited significantly shorter hair than the control individuals, but testosterone administration to castrated MALC showed reversion to the original phenotype. Moreover, flutamide administration led to MALC phenotype repression. Histological analysis revealed that hair follicle regression was shown in the wild-type 4 weeks after depilation, but that of MALC remained in the anagen phase. We detected a c.546delG of Fgf5 in MALC (Fgf5malc) that might lead to truncation resulting from a frame shift in FGF5 (p.Arg184GlyfsX6). Additionally, homozygous Fgf5malc was only detected in long-haired (Slc:Syrian×MALC)F2 and (J-2-Nn×MALC)F2 progenies, and all homozygous wild and heterozygous Fgf5malc individuals showed normal hair length. Thus, Fgf5malc leads to male-dominant long hair via a prolonged anagen phase which is affected by testosterone in hamsters. To our knowledge, this report is the first to present the sexual dimorphism of hair length caused by the Fgf5 mutation.
Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.|Division of Experimental Animal Research, Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.|Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
Yasuhiro
Y
Yoshizawa
Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan. k3wada@bioindustry.nodai.ac.jp.
Kenta
K
Wada
Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
Gaku
G
Shimoi
Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
Gaku
G
Shiomi
Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
Yuichi
Y
Kameyama
Division of Experimental Animal Research, Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuouku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
Yuichi
Y
Wakabayashi
Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-1, Hachimantai, Tsukuba, 305-0843, Japan.
Katsuhiro
K
Fukuta
Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196, Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
Ryoichi
R
Hashizume
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006197:Hair / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013739:Testosterone / Q000502:physiology
D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5; D013739:Testosterone