JNK pathway signaling: a novel and smarter therapeutic targets for various biological diseases.
JNK pathway regulates various physiological processes including inflammatory responses, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell death, cell survival and expression of proteins. Deregulation of JNK is linked with various diseases including neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, diabetes, cancer, cardiac hypertrophy and asthma. Three distinct genes JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 have been identified as regulator of JNK pathway. JNK1 and JNK2 have broad tissue distribution and play a potential role in insulin resistance, inflammation and cell signaling. JNK3 is predominantly found in the CNS neurons, making it an attractive target for neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting JNK as a potent therapeutic target, and small molecules from various chemical classes as JNK inhibitors.
Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, NH-58, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ankit
A
Kumar
Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, NH-58, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Umesh K
UK
Singh
Manipal college of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
Suvarna G
SG
Kini
Manipal college of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
Vikas
V
Garg
Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, NH-58, Meerut Bypass Road, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Saurabh
S
Agrawal
Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110002, India.
Praveen K
PK
Tomar
Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, NH-58, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Prateek
P
Pathak
Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, NH-58, Meerut Bypass Road, Meerut-250005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Anurag
A
Chaudhary
Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna-485334, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Pratibha
P
Gupta
Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110002, India.
Amrita
A
Malik
D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases