α-Tocopherol/Gallic Acid Cooperation in the Protection of Galactolipids Against Ozone-Induced Oxidation.
The protective ability of α-tocopherol (TOH) and gallic acid (GA) acting simultaneously at the moment of oxidizer application was evaluated by determination of galactolipid layers' oxidation degree. Addition of GA resulted in a significant decrease of ozone-derived radicals shifting the threshold of lipid sensitivity by an amount approximately corresponding to the GA intake in bulk reaction with ozone. TOH presence in lipid layers results in a change of the role of GA which additionally may be involved in the reduction of tocopheroxyl radical formed during oxidation. This leads to a decrease in effectiveness of GA in diminishing the amount of ozone radicals. Such an effect was not observed for mixed layers containing galactolipid and pre-oxidized tocopherol where the ozone threshold level was associated with a stoichiometry of GA + O3 reaction. It was concluded that probably subsequent transformations of tocopheroxyl radical to less reactive forms prevent its reaction with GA the entire quantity of which is used for radicals scavenging. This result shows the role of time parameter in systems where substrates are engaged in various reactions taking place simultaneously. The inactivation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical by studied antioxidants in homogeneous system confirmed observations made on the basis of lipid layer properties indicating their antagonistic action (at least at studied conditions). Formation of layers in post-oxidation situation did not depend whether tocopherol was oxidized during oxidation of lipid/tocopherol mixture or was introduced as pre-oxidized. This may be interpreted as indication that products of tocopherol oxidation may stabilize lipid layers.
Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland. erudolphi5@gmail.com.
Elżbieta
E
Rudolphi-Skórska
Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland.
Maria
M
Filek
Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland.
Maria
M
Zembala
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D038983:Galactolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D038983:Galactolipids; D010851:Picrates; D005707:Gallic Acid; D010126:Ozone; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol
Antioxidants; Galactolipids; Gallic acid; Oxidation; α-Tocopherol