Management of Orbital Diseases.
Orbital diseases are common in dogs and cats and can present on emergency due to the acute onset of many of these issues. The difficulty with diagnosis and therapy of orbital disease is that the location of the problem is not readily visible. The focus of this article is on recognizing classical clinical presentations of orbital disease, which are typically exophthalmos, strabismus, enophthalmos, proptosis, or intraconal swelling. After the orbital disease is confirmed, certain characteristics such as pain on opening the mouth, acute vs. chronic swelling, and involvement of nearby structures can be helpful in determining the underlying cause. Abscesses, cellulitis, sialoceles, neoplasia (primary or secondary), foreign bodies, and immune-mediated diseases can all lead to exophthalmos, but it can be difficult to determine the cause of disease without advanced diagnostic imaging, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography scan. Fine-needle aspirates and biopsies of the retrobulbar space can also be performed.
Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, USA. Electronic address: cbetbeze@cvm.msstate.edu.
Caroline
C
Betbeze
D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002415:Cats; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004630:Emergencies / Q000662:veterinary; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D009220:Myositis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D019315:Retrobulbar Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary
abscess; exophthalmos; neoplasia; orbit; proptosis; retrobulbar