Polymicrobial infection alter inflammatory microRNA in rat salivary glands during periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease initiated by subgingival pathogens is linked with diminished secretion of saliva, and implies pathogenic bacteria dissemination to or affects secondary sites such as the salivary glands. MicroRNAs activated in response to bacteria may modulate immune responses against pathogens. Therefore, Sprague-Dawley rats were infected by oral lavage consisting of polymicrobial inocula, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, or sham-infected for 12 weeks (n = 6). We quantified inflammatory miRNA expression levels of miRNA-132, miR-146a, and miR-155 at secondary sites to the primary infection of the gingiva, including submandibular salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and pancreas. The presence of bacteria was detected in situ at secondary sites. Infected rat gingiva showed increased relative expression of miR-155. In contrast, miRNA-155 expression was decreased in submandibular salivary glands, along with positive identification of P. gingivalis in 2/6 and T. denticola in 1/6 rat salivary glands. Furthermore, miRNA-132 and miRNA-146a were significantly decreased in the pancreas of infected rats. This study is the first to show primary periodontal infections can alter miRNA profiles in secondary sites such as the salivary gland and pancreas. Whether these alterations contribute to pathologies of salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome or of pancreas in diabetes warrants further investigation.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Gautam
G
Nayar
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Adrienne
A
Gauna
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Sasanka
S
Chukkapalli
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Irina
I
Velsko
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Electronic address: Kesavalu@dental.ufl.edu.
Lakshmyya
L
Kesavalu
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Seunghee
S
Cha
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
D035683:MicroRNAs; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Experimental periodontitis; MicroRNA; Periodontal pathogens; Polymicrobial infection; Submandibular glands