Conscious sedation with midazolam and dezocine for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the benefits and risks of conscious sedation with midazolam and dezocine in diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy (FB).


METHODS
This prospective case control study enrolled 40 non-sedated and 40 sedated subjects who underwent diagnostic FB. All received the standard upper airway preparation, while sedated subjects received midazolam and dezocine for conscious sedation. Subject discomforts during FB were assessed using the verbal analogue score (VAS, 0-10 scale). Willingness to return was assessed as five scales to monitor subject's satisfaction level. Safety profiles throughout the procedures were also assessed.


RESULTS
Anterograde amnesia existed in 75.0% sedated subjects. Compared to non-sedated subjects, sedated ones expressed less discomfort, with lower VAS scores regarding scope insertion (4 [0-10] vs. 0 [0-4], p < 0.001), cough (5.5 [0-10] vs. 0 [0-4], p < 0.001), dyspnea (3.5 [0-10] vs. 0 [0-4], p<0.001), pain (3 [0-10] vs. 0 [0-5], p < 0.001), and global tolerance of the procedures (5.5 [1-10] vs. 0 [0-5], p < 0.001). More sedated subjects expressed willingness to return (90.0% vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001). Sedated subjects had no more hypoxemic episodes during the procedure (7.5% vs. 5.0%, p > 0.99), which were all transient and not life-threatening.


CONCLUSIONS
Conscious sedation with midazolam and dezocine reduces discomforts, improves satisfaction level, and carries no significantly risks in subjects undergoing diagnostic FB.
Deparment of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Futian People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China. xiaokechengd@163.com.
X-K
XK
Chen
Y-P
YP
Zhou
X
X
Zhang
L-P
LP
Xia
A-F
AF
Li
H
H
Liu
H-Q
HQ
Yu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D008874:Midazolam; C010827:dezocine