Functional characterization of a dehydrin protein from Fagus sylvatica seeds using experimental and in silico approaches.
A strong increase in the level of dehydrin/response ABA transcripts expression reported from the 14th week after flowering coincident with the accumulation of 26 and 44 kDa dehydrins in the embryonic axes of developing beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds. Both transcript and protein levels were strongly correlated with maturation drying. These results suggest that the 44-kDa dehydrin protein is a putative dimer of dehydrin/response ABA protein migrating as a 26-kDa protein. Dehydrins and dehydrin-like proteins form large oligomeric complexes under native conditions and are shown as several spots differing in pI through isoelectrofocusing analyses. Detailed prediction of specific sites accessible for various post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the dehydrin/response ABA protein sequence revealed sites specific to acetylation, amidation, glycosylation, methylation, myristoylation, nitrosylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamination and Yin-O-Yang modification, palmitoylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, sulfation, and ubiquitination. Thus, these results suggest that specific PTMs might play a role in switching dehydrin function or activity, water binding ability, protein-membrane interactions, transport and subcellular localization, interactions with targeted molecules, and protein stability. Despite the ability of two Cys residues to form a disulfide bond, -SH groups are likely not involved in dimer arrangement. His-rich regions and/or polyQ-tracts are potential candidates as spatial organization modulators. Dehydrin/response ABA protein is an intrinsically disordered protein containing low complexity regions. The lack of a fixed structure and exposition of amino acids on the surface of the protein structure enhances the accessibility to 40 predicted PTM sites, thereby facilitating dehydrin multifunctionality, which is discussed in the present study.
Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland. Electronic address: kalemba@man.poznan.pl.
Ewa Marzena
EM
Kalemba
Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
Monika
M
Litkowiec
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D029964:Fagus / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014867:Water; C070556:dehydrin proteins, plant
Dehydrin; Disorder; Post-translational modification; Seed development