Ex Vivo Liver Experiment of Hydrochloric Acid-Infused and Saline-Infused Monopolar Radiofrequency Ablation: Better Outcomes in Temperature, Energy, and Coagulation.
OBJECTIVE
To compare temperature, energy, and coagulation between hydrochloric acid-infused radiofrequency ablation (HAIRFA) and normal saline-infused radiofrequency ablation (NSIRFA) in ex vivo porcine liver model.


METHODS
30 fresh porcine livers were excised in 60 lesions, 30 with HAIRFA and the other 30 with NSIRFA. Both modalities used monopolar perfusion electrode connected to a RF generator set at 103 °C and 30 W. In each group, ablation time was set at 10, 20, or 30 min (10 lesions from each group at each time). We compared tissue temperatures (at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 cm away from the electrode tip), average power, deposited energy, deposited energy per coagulation volume (DEV), coagulation diameters, coagulative volume, and spherical ratio between the two groups.


RESULTS
Temperature-time curves showed that HAIRFA provided progressively greater heating than that of NSIRFA. At 30 min, mean average power, deposited energy, coagulation volumes (113.67 vs. 12.28 cm(3)) and diameters, and increasing in tissue temperature were much greater with HAIRFA (P < 0.001 for all), except DEV was lower (456 vs. 1396 J/cm(3), P < 0.001). The spherical ratio was closer to 1 with HAIRFA (1.23 vs. 1.46). Coagulation diameters, volume, and average power of HAIRFA increased significantly with longer ablation times. While with NSIRFA, these characteristics were stable till later 20 min, except the power decreased with longer ablation times.


CONCLUSIONS
HAIRFA creates much larger and more spherical lesions by increasing overall energy deposition, modulating thermal conductivity, and transferring heat during ablation.
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China.
Xiong-ying
XY
Jiang
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
Yang-kui
YK
Gu
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. huangjh@sysucc.org.cn.|Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China. huangjh@sysucc.org.cn.
Jin-hua
JH
Huang
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
Fei
F
Gao
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
Ru-hai
RH
Zou
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.|Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
Tian-qi
TQ
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine
D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid; Normal saline; Porcine liver; Radiofrequency ablation