Oxidative stress and mitochondrial failure in the pathogenesis of glaucoma neurodegeneration.
This review focuses on oxidative stress and mitochondrial failure for understanding mechanisms of optic nerve damage in primary open-angle glaucoma. The chapter shows scientific evidence for the role of mitochondrial disbalance and reactive oxygen species in glaucoma neurodegeneration. Mitochondria regulate important cellular functions including reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. Mitochondrial alterations result from a wide variety of damaging sources. Reactive oxygen species formed by the mitochondria can act as signaling molecules, inducing lipid peroxidation and/or excitotoxicity with the result of cell lesion and death. Antioxidants may help to counteract oxidative stress and to promote neuroprotection. We provide information that may lead to a new way for diagnosing and treating glaucoma patients.
Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: dolores.pinazo@uv.es.
Maria D
MD
Pinazo-Durán
Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Surgery/Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Vicente
V
Zanón-Moreno
Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polytechnic Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Roberto
R
Gallego-Pinazo
Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía", University Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
José J
JJ
García-Medina
D000818:Animals; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Biotherapies; Glaucoma; Mitochondria; Neurodegeneration; Reactive oxygen species