Identification and characterization of a high kernel weight mutant induced by gamma radiation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
BACKGROUND
Inducing mutations are considered to be an effective way to create novel genetic variations and hence novel agronomical traits in wheat. This study was conducted to assess the genetic differences between Shi4185 and its mutant line Fu4185, produced by gamma radiation with larger grain, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for thousand kernel weight (TKW).


RESULTS
Phenotypic analysis revealed that the TKW of Fu4185 was much higher than that of Shi4185 under five different environments. At the genomic level, 110 of 2019 (5.4%) simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers showed polymorphism between Shi4185 and Fu4185. Notably, 30% (33 out of 110) polymorphic SSR markers were located on the D-genome, which was higher than the percentage of polymorphisms among natural allohexaploid wheat genotypes, indicating that mutations induced by gamma radiation could be a potential resource to enrich the genetic diversity of wheat D-genome. Moreover, one QTL, QTkw.cau-5D, located on chromosome 5DL, with Fu4185 contributing favorable alleles, was detected under different environments, especially under high temperature conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
QTkw.cau-5D is an environmental stable QTL, which may be a desired target for genetic improvement of wheat kernel weight.
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. cxj0371@163.com.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. cxj0371@163.com.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. cxj0371@163.com.
Xuejiao
X
Cheng
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. chaizz901230@163.com.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. chaizz901230@163.com.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. chaizz901230@163.com.
Lingling
L
Chai
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. chenzhaoyan14@163.com.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. chenzhaoyan14@163.com.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. chenzhaoyan14@163.com.
Zhaoyan
Z
Chen
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. xulucau@163.com.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. xulucau@163.com.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. xulucau@163.com.
Lu
L
Xu
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. 18zigui@163.com.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. 18zigui@163.com.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. 18zigui@163.com.
Huijie
H
Zhai
Hebei Crop Genetic Breeding Laboratory Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China. zhaoaiju81@126.com.
Aiju
A
Zhao
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. penghuiru@cau.edu.cn.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. penghuiru@cau.edu.cn.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. penghuiru@cau.edu.cn.
Huiru
H
Peng
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. yingyin@cau.edu.cn.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. yingyin@cau.edu.cn.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. yingyin@cau.edu.cn.
Yingyin
Y
Yao
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. msyou67@cau.edu.cn.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. msyou67@cau.edu.cn.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. msyou67@cau.edu.cn.
Mingshan
M
You
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. qxsun@cau.edu.cn.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. qxsun@cau.edu.cn.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. qxsun@cau.edu.cn.
Qixin
Q
Sun
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xi Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. nizf@cau.edu.cn.|Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. nizf@cau.edu.cn.|National Plant Gene Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. nizf@cau.edu.cn.
Zhongfu
Z
Ni
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*
D005819:Genetic Markers