Antimicrobial effect of the extracts from Hypericum perforatum against oral bacteria and biofilm formation.
BACKGROUND
One traditional medicines, Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae), possesses several beneficial effects against depression, ulcers, dyspepsia, abdominal pains, burns, bacterial infections, migraine headaches, and sciatica.


OBJECTIVE
The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (HP-EtOH) of H. perforatum and its sub-extracts, namely n-hexane (HP-hexane), chloroform (HP-CHCl3), ethyl acetate (HP-EtOAc), n-butanol (HP-n-BuOH), and water (HP-H2O) extracts, against Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecalis.


METHODS
For the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, flowering aerial parts of H. perforatum were extracted with EtOH and then this extract was fractionated to obtain five sub-extracts in different polarities. Antimicrobial activities of HP-EtOH and its sub-extracts against Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, L. plantarum, and E. faecalis were assessed by using colorimetric micro-well dilution at concentration ranges of 64-0.5 μg/ml as well as resazurin microplate and modified microtiter-plate assays between the ranges of 100 and 0.78125 μg/ml.


RESULTS
According to the results of the present study, HP-H2O sub-extract displayed strong antibacterial activity (MIC values 8 μg/mL) against S. sobrinus and L. plantarum, and exerted moderate activity against S. mutans and E. faecalis at 32 and 16 μg/mL concentrations, respectively. Other sub-extracts also demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. sobrinus at a concentration of 16 μg/mL. HP-EtOAc and HP-n-BuOH showed antimicrobial activity against L. plantarum and HP-EtOAc and HP-H2O were also active against E. faecalis at the same concentrations (16 μg/mL).


CONCLUSIONS
According to the results, we suggest that H. perforatum could be employed as a natural antibacterial agent in oral care products.
a Department of Pharmacognosy ;
Ipek
I
Süntar
b Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey.
Ozlem
O
Oyardı
a Department of Pharmacognosy ;
Esra Küpeli
EK
Akkol
b Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey.
Berrin
B
Ozçelik
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
Antimicrobial activity; Hypericaceae; medicinal plants; oral hygiene