Adding anthropometric measures of regional adiposity to BMI improves prediction of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and adipokines profiles in youths: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Paediatric research analysing the relationship between the easy-to-use anthropometric measures for adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors remains highly controversial in youth. Several studies suggest that only body mass index (BMI), a measure of relative weight, constitutes an accurate predictor, whereas others highlight the potential role of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (Waist C), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). In this study, we examined the effectiveness of adding anthropometric measures of body fat distribution (Waist C Z Score, WHR Z Score and/or WHtR) to BMI Z Score to predict cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese youth. We also examined the consistency of these associations with the "total fat mass + trunk/legs fat mass" and/or the "total fat mass + trunk fat mass" combinations, as assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the gold standard measurement of body composition.


METHODS
Anthropometric and DXA measurements of total and regional adiposity, as well as a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and adipokines profiles were performed in 203 overweight and obese 7-17 year-old youths from the Paediatrics Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg.


RESULTS
Adding only one anthropometric surrogate of regional fat to BMI Z Score improved the prediction of insulin resistance (WHR Z Score, R(2): 45.9%. Waist C Z Score, R(2): 45.5%), HDL-cholesterol (WHR Z Score, R(2): 9.6%. Waist C Z Score, R(2): 10.8%. WHtR, R(2): 6.5%), triglycerides (WHR Z Score, R(2): 11.7%. Waist C Z Score, R(2): 12.2%), adiponectin (WHR Z Score, R(2): 14.3%. Waist C Z Score, R(2): 17.7%), CRP (WHR Z Score, R(2): 18.2%. WHtR, R(2): 23.3%), systolic (WHtR, R(2): 22.4%), diastolic blood pressure (WHtR, R(2): 20%) and fibrinogen (WHtR, R(2): 21.8%). Moreover, WHR Z Score, Waist C Z Score and/or WHtR showed an independent significant contribution according to these models. These results were in line with the DXA findings.


CONCLUSIONS
Adding anthropometric measures of regional adiposity to BMI Z Score improves the prediction of cardiometabolic, inflammatory and adipokines profiles in youth.
Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. hanene.samouda@lih.lu.
Hanen
H
Samouda
Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Diabetes & Endocrinology Care Clinique Pédiatrique (DECCP), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Debeaufort.Carine@chl.lu.
Carine
C
de Beaufort
Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. saverio.stranges@lih.lu.
Saverio
S
Stranges
Faculty for Health engineering and management, UDSL/ILIS, University Lille-Northern France, EA 2694, Laboratory of Public Health, F-59120, Loos, France. benjamin.guinhouya@univ-lille2.fr.
Benjamin C
BC
Guinhouya
Department of Clinical Biology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Gilson.Georges@chl.lu.
Georges
G
Gilson
ZithaKlinik, Rheumatology Department, L-2763, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. marco.hirsch@pt.lu.
Marco
M
Hirsch
Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. julien.jacobs@lih.lu.
Julien
J
Jacobs
Luxembourg Institute of Health, Centre of Competence for Methodology and Statistics (CCMS), L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. sonia.leite@lih.lu.
Sonia
S
Leite
Luxembourg Institute of Health, Centre of Competence for Methodology and Statistics (CCMS), L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. michel.vaillant@lih.lu.
Michel
M
Vaillant
Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. Dadoun.Frederic@chl.lu.|Endocrinology and Diabetology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Dadoun.Frederic@chl.lu.
Frédéric
F
Dadoun
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
D054392:Adipokines