Lessons learned from England's Health Checks Programme: using qualitative research to identify and share best practice.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to explore the challenges and barriers faced by staff involved in the delivery of the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check, a systematic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and management program in primary care.


METHODS
Data have been derived from three qualitative evaluations that were conducted in 25 General Practices and involved in depth interviews with 58 staff involved all levels of the delivery of the Health Checks. Analysis of the data was undertaken using the framework approach and findings are reported within the context of research and practice considerations.


RESULTS
Findings indicated that there is no 'one size fits all' blueprint for maximising uptake although success factors were identified: evolution of the programme over time in response to local needs to suit the particular characteristics of the patient population; individual staff characteristics such as being proactive, enthusiastic and having specific responsibility; a supportive team. Training was clearly identified as an area that needed addressing and practitioners would benefit from CVD specific baseline training and refresher courses to keep them up to date with recent developments in the area. However there were other external factors that impinged on an individual's ability to provide an effective service, some of these were outside the control of individuals and included cutbacks in referral services, insufficient space to run clinics or general awareness of the Health Checks amongst patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The everyday experiences of practitioners who participated in this study suggest that overall, Health Check is perceived as a worthwhile exercise. But, organisational and structural barriers need to be addressed. We also recommend that clear referral pathways be in place so staff can refer patients to appropriate services (healthy eating sessions, smoking cessation, and exercise referrals). Local authorities need to support initiatives that enable data sharing and linkage so that GP Practices are informed when patients take up services such as smoking cessation or alcohol harm reduction programmes run by social services.
Centre for Health & Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. h.ismail@shu.ac.uk.|Department of Health & Life Sciences, York St John University, York, UK. h.ismail@shu.ac.uk.
Hanif
H
Ismail
Centre for Health & Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. s.kelly@shu.ac.uk.
Shona
S
Kelly
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D010348:Patient Care Team; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D015397:Program Evaluation; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018570:Risk Assessment; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013222:State Medicine; D006113:United Kingdom