siRNA Delivery by Stimuli-Sensitive Nanocarriers.
Since its discovery in the late 1990, small interfering RNA (siRNA) have quickly crept into the biopharmaceutical research as a new and powerful tool for the treatment of different human diseases based on altered gene-expression. Despite promising data from many pre-clinical studies, concrete hurdles still need to be overcome to bring therapeutic siRNAs in clinic. The design of stimuli-sensitive nanopreparations for gene therapy is a lively area of the current research. Compared to conventional systems for siRNA delivery, this type of platform can respond to local stimuli that are characteristics of the pathological area of interest, allowing the release of nucleic acids at the desired site. Acidic pH, de-regulated levels of enzymes, altered redox potential and magnetic field are examples of stimuli exploit to design stimuli-sensitive nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss on recent stimulisensitive strategies for siRNA delivery and we highlight on the potential of combining multiple stimuli-sensitive strategies in the same nano-platform for a better therapeutic outcome.
Giuseppina
G
Salzano
Daniel F
DF
Costa
Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. v.torchilin@neu.edu.
Vladimir P
VP
Torchilin
D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D009696:Nucleic Acids; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering