Ti implants with nanostructured and HA-coated surfaces for improved osseointegration.
This study was aimed at comparing the osseointegration of titanium (Ti)-based Küntscher nails (K-nails) and plates with modified nanostructured and hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces in a rat femur model. Material surfaces were first modified via a simple anodization protocol in which the materials were treated in hydrogen fluoride (1% w/w) at 20 V. This modification resulted in tubular titanium oxide nanostructures of 40-65 nm in diameter. Then, hydroxyapatite-deposited layers, formed of particles (1-5) μm, were produced via incubation in a simulated body fluid, followed by annealing at 500°C. Both surface modifications significantly improved cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as compared to the control (non-modified Ti implants). The controls and modified nails and plates were implanted in the femur of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The implants, with surrounding tissues, were removed after 10 weeks, and then mechanical tests (torque and pull-out) were performed, which showed that the modified K-nails exhibited significantly better osseointegration than the controls. Histologic examinations of the explants containing plates showed similar results, and the modified plates exhibited significantly better osseointegration than the controls. Surface nanostructuring of commercially available titanium-based implants by a very simple method - anodization - seems to be a viable method for increasing osseointegration without the use of bioactive surface coatings such as hydroxyapatite.
a Bioengineering Division and Center for Bioengineering R&D Center, Chemical Engineering Department and Institute of Graduate Studies , Faculty of Engineering, - Biyomedtek, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
Hasret Tolga
HT
Sirin
b Departments of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery , Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
Ibrahim
I
Vargel
a Bioengineering Division and Center for Bioengineering R&D Center, Chemical Engineering Department and Institute of Graduate Studies , Faculty of Engineering, - Biyomedtek, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
Tulin
T
Kutsal
c Departments of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
Petek
P
Korkusuz
a Bioengineering Division and Center for Bioengineering R&D Center, Chemical Engineering Department and Institute of Graduate Studies , Faculty of Engineering, - Biyomedtek, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.
Erhan
E
Piskin
D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures; D016348:Osseointegration; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
HA deposits; animal femur model; surface modification: nanotubular structures; titanium implants