Residual effects of zolpidem, triazolam, rilmazafone and placebo in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized double-blind study.
With current hypnotic agents, next-day residual effects are a common problem. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the residual effects of the commercially available hypnotics - zolpidem, triazolam, and rilmazafone - on the physical and cognitive functions of healthy elderly people in the early morning and the day following drug administration. In this study, the next-day residual effects of zolpidem, triazolam, and rilmazafone, following bedtime dosing in elderly subjects, were evaluated. Women (n = 11) and men (n = 2) aged 60-70 years received a single dose (at 23:00) of one of these, zolpidem 5 mg, triazolam 0.125 mg, rilmazafone 1 mg and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Measures of objective parameters and psychomotor performances (Timed up and Go test, Functional Reach Test, body sway test, critical flicker fusion test, simple discrimination reaction test, short-term memory test) and subjective ratings were obtained at 04:00, 07:00, and the next time of the day. All hypnotics were generally well tolerated; there were no serious adverse side effects and no subjects discontinued the evaluations. Compared to placebo, zolpidem and rilmazafone had good results on the Functional Reach Test. Although subjective assessments tended to be poor in the early morning, rilmazafone significantly improved the body sway test in the other hypnotics. A single dose of zolpidem 5 mg and triazolam 0.125 mg did not have any next-day residual effects on healthy elderly subjects. Residual effects appeared to be related to the compound's half-life and the dose used. Rilmazafone 1 mg exhibited steadiness in static and dynamic balance and seemed to be more favorable for the elderly with early morning awakening.
Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan. Electronic address: uemura@hs.akita-u.ac.jp.
Sachiko Ito
SI
Uemura
Department of Psychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Takashi
T
Kanbayashi
Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan.
Masahiko
M
Wakasa
Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan.
Masahiro
M
Satake
Department of Psychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
Wakako
W
Ito
Department of Psychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
Kazumi
K
Shimizu
Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan.
Takanobu
T
Shioya
Department of Psychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Tetsuo
T
Shimizu
Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Stanford Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Seiji
S
Nishino
D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014229:Triazolam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077334:Zolpidem
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D014230:Triazoles; D014229:Triazolam; D000077334:Zolpidem; C041075:rilmazafone
Elderly; Randomized study; Residual effects; Rilmazafone; Triazolam; Zolpidem