STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.
Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies.
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Patrick M
PM
Bossuyt
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Johannes B
JB
Reitsma
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
David E
DE
Bruns
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Constantine A
CA
Gatsonis
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Paul P
PP
Glasziou
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Les
L
Irwig
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Jeroen G
JG
Lijmer
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
David
D
Moher
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Drummond
D
Rennie
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Henrica C W
HC
de Vet
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Herbert Y
HY
Kressel
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Nader
N
Rifai
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Robert M
RM
Golub
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Douglas G
DG
Altman
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Lotty
L
Hooft
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Daniël A
DA
Korevaar
From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.M.B., D.A.K.); Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.B.R.); Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va (D.E.B.); Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.A.G.); Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (P.P.G.); Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (L.I.); Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.G.L.); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (D.M.); Peer Review Congress, Chicago, Ill (D.R.); Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (D.R.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.C.W.d.V.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, Mass (H.Y.K.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (N.R.); Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC (N.R.); Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, Ill (R.M.G.); Centre for Statistics in Me
Jérémie F
JF
Cohen
D015982:Bias; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D009626:Terminology as Topic