Uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide-carbon nanospheres for superior sodium-iron sulfide batteries.
Sodium-metal sulfide battery holds great promise for sustainable and cost-effective applications. Nevertheless, achieving high capacity and cycling stability remains a great challenge. Here, uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide-carbon nanospheres have been synthesized as cathode materials for the emerging sodium sulfide battery to achieve remarkable capacity of ∼ 545 mA h g(-1) over 100 cycles at 0.2 C (100 mA g(-1)), delivering ultrahigh energy density of ∼ 438 Wh kg(-1). The proven conversion reaction between sodium and iron sulfide results in high capacity but severe volume changes. Nanostructural design, including of nanosized iron sulfide yolks (∼ 170 nm) with porous carbon shells (∼ 30 nm) and extra void space (∼ 20 nm) in between, has been used to achieve excellent cycling performance without sacrificing capacity. This sustainable sodium-iron sulfide battery is a promising candidate for stationary energy storage. Furthermore, this spatially confined sulfuration strategy offers a general method for other yolk-shell metal sulfide-carbon composites.
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.|Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Yun-Xiao
YX
Wang
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.|Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.|State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Jianping
J
Yang
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
Shu-Lei
SL
Chou
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
Hua Kun
HK
Liu
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Wei-Xian
WX
Zhang
Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Dongyuan
D
Zhao
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
Shi Xue
SX
Dou