Spatial Distribution of Lactococcus lactis Colonies Modulates the Production of Major Metabolites during the Ripening of a Model Cheese.
In cheese, lactic acid bacteria are immobilized at the coagulation step and grow as colonies. The spatial distribution of bacterial colonies is characterized by the size and number of colonies for a given bacterial population within cheese. Our objective was to demonstrate that different spatial distributions, which lead to differences in the exchange surface between the colonies and the cheese matrix, can influence the ripening process. The strategy was to generate cheeses with the same growth and acidification of a Lactococcus lactis strain with two different spatial distributions, big and small colonies, to monitor the production of the major ripening metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, peptides, free amino acids, and volatile metabolites, over 1 month of ripening. The monitored metabolites were qualitatively the same for both cheeses, but many of them were more abundant in the small-colony cheeses than in the big-colony cheeses over 1 month of ripening. Therefore, the results obtained showed that two different spatial distributions of L. lactis modulated the ripening time course by generating moderate but significant differences in the rates of production or consumption for many of the metabolites commonly monitored throughout ripening. The present work further explores the immobilization of bacteria as colonies within cheese and highlights the consequences of this immobilization on cheese ripening.
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), USC INRA 1329, Nantes, France.
Clémentine
C
Le Boucher
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
Valérie
V
Gagnaire
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
Valérie
V
Briard-Bion
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
Julien
J
Jardin
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
Marie-Bernadette
MB
Maillard
LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), USC INRA 1329, Nantes, France.
Gaud
G
Dervilly-Pinel
LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), USC INRA 1329, Nantes, France.
Bruno
B
Le Bizec
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
Sylvie
S
Lortal
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
Sophie
S
Jeanson
INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France anne.thierry@rennes.inra.fr.
Anne
A
Thierry
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
D000596:Amino Acids