PML: The Dark Side of Immunotherapy in Multiple Sclerosis.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a threat to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who undergo treatment with drugs that interfere with normal immune physiology. Here, we summarize PML incidence in MS, risk factors, surveillance strategies, and case definitions to inform neurologists and other clinicians treating patients with immune-mediated diseases.
Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Clemens
C
Warnke
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Tomas
T
Olsson
Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: clemens.warnke@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
Hans-Peter
HP
Hartung
D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000069442:Natalizumab / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069442:Natalizumab; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride
JC virus; PML; natalizumab; risk