A method to visualize transdermal nickel permeation in mouse skin using a nickel allergy patch.
Metal patch test is often used in clinical settings when metal-induced contact dermatitis is suspected. However, the transdermal permeation behavior of metal ions from the patch test remains unclear. Current patch tests using high concentrations of metal salt solutions have some side effects, e.g. acute skin reactions to high concentrations of metal salt. To resolve these, estimating metal ion transdermal permeation is wished. In this study, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) and micro-focused particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) were used to visualize the time-dependent Ni permeation in mouse skin. The cross-sectional diffusion of Ni was visualized in a time-dependent manner. Our results indicate that maximum Ni permeation occurs after 24 h of patch treatment, and the permeated Ni content was high in the epidermis and spread into the dermis beyond the basal layer. This method may be useful to determine the appropriate solution concentration and duration of administration for the patch test.
Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
Tomoko
T
Sugiyama
Advanced Biomaterials Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.|Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Motohiro
M
Uo
Advanced Biomaterials Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Takahiro
T
Wada
Advanced Biomaterials Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Toshio
T
Hongo
Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 131-8310, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Omagari
Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 131-8310, Japan.
Kazuo
K
Komiyama
Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Science, 4-9-4 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Masakazu
M
Oikawa
Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
Mikio
M
Kusama
Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
Yoshiyuki
Y
Mori
D065567:Absorption, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D009532:Nickel
Metal allergy; elemental distribution imaging; particle-induced X-ray emission analysis; skin patch test; synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis