[Fish growth-hormone genes: functionality evidence of paralogous genes in Levanidov's charr].
In the genome of most vertebrates growth-hormone gene is presented in a single copy, while in salmonids after one of the duplication events many genes were multiplied, including growth hormone gene. In salmonids, the growth-hormone gene exists as two independently inherited functional paralogues, gh1 and gh2. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of gh1 and gh2 growth-hormone genes and their adjacent sequences in Levanidov's charr Salvelinus levanidovi to determine their functionality and define the potential differences. We found that both genes have the same gene structure and are composed of six exons (I-VI) and five introns (A, B, C, D, E). However, the respective gene sequences differ in length. A comparison of exons showed that the size of each exon is identical in both paralogues. The overall length of genes differs due to the varying lengths of introns. Coding sequence of both genes contains an open reading frame for 210 amino acids. We identified regulatory elements in the promoter region of both genes: TATA box, A/T-rich regions that contain binding sites for pituitary-specific transcriptional activator Pit-1, and regions responsible for interaction with other transcriptional activators and initiators, in particular hormone receptors. The obtained data indicate that both genes are functional.
Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
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Kamenskaya
Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok, 690012, Russia.
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Pankova
Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok, 690012, Russia.|Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
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Atopkin
Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.|Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok, 690012, Russia.|vlbrykov@mail.ru.
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Brykov
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014337:Trout / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D029941:Fish Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D013006:Growth Hormone
Salvelinus levanidovi; growth-hormone gene; regulatory region; transcription-factor binding site