Application of multispectral imaging detects areas with neuronal myelin loss, without tissue labelling.
The application of multispectral imaging to discriminate myelinated and demyelinated areas of neural tissue is herein presented. The method is applied through a custom-made, multispectral imaging monochromator, coupled to a commercially available microscope. In the present work, a series of spinal cord sections were analysed derived from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model widely used to study multiple sclerosis (MS). The multispectral microscope allows imaging of local areas with loss of myelin without the need of tissue labelling. Imaging with the aforementioned method and system is compared in a parallel way with conventional methods (wide-field and confocal fluorescence microscopies). The diagnostic sensitivity of our method is 90.4% relative to the 'gold standard' method of immunofluorescence microscopy. The presented method offers a new platform for the possible future development of an in vivo, real-time, non-invasive, rapid imaging diagnostic tool of spinal cord myelin loss-derived pathologies.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece Institute of Electronic Structure and LASER (I.E.S.L.), Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FO.R.T.H.), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Eleftheria
E
Vazgiouraki
Institute of Electronic Structure and LASER (I.E.S.L.), Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FO.R.T.H.), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Aerospace Non-Destructive Testing Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1 (building 62) 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands billyp@iesl.forth.gr.
Vassilis M
VM
Papadakis
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece.
Paschalis
P
Efstathopoulos
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece.
Iakovos
I
Lazaridis
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece.
Ioannis
I
Charalampopoulos
Institute of Electronic Structure and LASER (I.E.S.L.), Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FO.R.T.H.), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece.
Costas
C
Fotakis
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (I.M.B.B.), Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FO.R.T.H.), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Achille
A
Gravanis
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
EAE; confocal microscope; imaging; microscopy; neuronal degeneration; wide-field microscope