The Effect of Soy Intake on Metabolic Profiles of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
BACKGROUND
To our knowledge, no study has examined the effects of soy intake on metabolic status of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).


OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to assess the effects of soy intake on metabolic status of GDM women.


METHODS
A randomized clinical trial was performed among 68 women with GDM. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a control diet containing 0.8-g/kg protein (70% animal and 30% plant proteins) (n = 34) or a soy diet containing the same amount of protein with 35% animal protein, 35% soy protein, and 30% other plant proteins (n = 34) for 6 weeks.


RESULTS
Compared with soy protein consumption, the control group significantly increased fasting plasma glucose (+1.4 ± 11.6 vs -12.7 ± 13.2 mg/dL, P < .001), serum insulin levels (+5.0 ± 11.6 vs -0.9 ± 10.0 μIU/mL, P = .02), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (+1.2 ± 2.7 vs -0.8 ± 2.2, P = .002), and decreased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (-0.007 ± 0.02 vs +0.01 ± 0.03, P = .004). Administration of the control diet resulted in a significant difference in serum triglycerides changes (+31.3 ± 38.0 vs +8.9 ± 46.1 mg/dL, P = .03) compared with soy protein. There were a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (-35.0 ± 136.2 vs +81.8 ± 188.8 mmol/L, P = .005) and glutathione (-41.3 ± 145.7 vs +53.3 ± 117.3 μmol/L, P = .004) by the control diet intake compared with soy protein. The control diet group had a higher incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (32.4% vs 8.8%, P = .01) and newborn hospitalization (20.6% vs 2.9%, P = .02) compared with soy protein.


CONCLUSIONS
Soy protein consumption in women with GDM significantly improved the glucose homeostasis parameters, triglycerides, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as reductions in the incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia and hospitalizations.
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (M.J.), School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 38196; and Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases (Z.A.), Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 87159.
Mehri
M
Jamilian
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (M.J.), School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 38196; and Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases (Z.A.), Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 87159.
Zatollah
Z
Asemi
D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D045730:Soy Foods; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D005978:Glutathione