The effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced obesity and its chronic inflammation on influenza virus-related pathology.
Obese individuals show increased susceptibility to infection, low vaccine efficacy, and worse pathophysiology. However, it is unclear how obesity affects these events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity-triggered chronic inflammation on immune cells after influenza virus infection. Control and lipopolysaccharide mice, in which an osmotic pump continually released Tween saline or lipopolysaccharide, were prepared and 3 weeks later were infected with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus. In lipopolysaccharide mice, we found a reduction in macrophage activation markers in the steady state, and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, in restimulated peritoneal macrophages. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide-triggered chronic inflammation exacerbated the severity of pathological symptoms in the lungs after challenge with influenza virus. Taken together, the increased severity of virus-induced symptoms in obese individuals with chronic inflammation may be, at least partially, caused by macrophage dysfunction.
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Sun-Young
SY
Ahn
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Sung-Hwa
SH
Sohn
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Sang-Yeon
SY
Lee
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Hye-Lim
HL
Park
SK Chemical, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Yong-Wook
YW
Park
SK Chemical, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
Hun
H
Kim
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Electronic address: jhnam@catholic.ac.kr.
Jae-Hwan
JH
Nam
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
Influenza virus; Low-level chronic inflammation; Obesity; Osmotic pump