Missed Opportunities for Intervention in a Patient With Prolonged Postoperative Delirium.
OBJECTIVE
Postoperative delirium is a common and costly state of brain dysfunction that complicates postsurgical management in some patients. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of prolonged postoperative delirium and to review the appropriate identification and management of this condition.


METHODS
A 56-year-old female patient who presented with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and dry gangrene underwent a vascular bypass procedure while under general anesthesia. After extubation, the patient became disoriented and agitated.


RESULTS
The delirium continued in a hypoactive form for 10 days before it progressed to severe agitation. During the patient's 2-month hospitalization, she underwent 6 additional surgeries. Eventually, the delirium improved with the use of antipsychotic agents, and the patient was discharged to a skilled nursing facility.


CONCLUSIONS
This patient's history, medications, and anesthetic and surgical exposure placed her at high risk for postoperative delirium. Her exceptionally prolonged course of postoperative delirium was likely perpetuated by a multitude of factors, including the continued use of high-risk medications, the stress of repeated surgeries, urinary issues, and infection.


CONCLUSIONS
In this high-risk patient, a proactive approach to the prevention and treatment of delirium may have avoided or mitigated the prolonged delirium and, potentially, long-term cognitive deficits.
Department of Anesthesiology, Grady Memorial Hospital/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Matthew K
MK
Whalin
Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Matthias
M
Kreuzer
Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kevin M
KM
Halenda
Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Anesthesiology and Research Service, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia. Electronic address: pgarcia@emory.edu.
Paul S
PS
García
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003693:Delirium; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
anesthesia; benzodiazepines; delirium; postoperative surgery