Govanoside A, a new steroidal saponin from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum.
A new spirostane steroidal saponin, govanoside A (1) along with three known compounds borassoside E (2) pennogenin (3) and diosgenin (4) were isolated from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum. Their structures were elucidated through 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopic data analysis and acid hydrolysis. Compound (2) in genus Trillium and all compounds (1-4) in T. govanianum are reported herein for the first time. Furthermore, compounds 1 &2 exhibited good to moderate activities against Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888, Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643, Candida albicans ATCC 18804, and Candida glabrata ATCC 90030. This is a significant finding keeping in view the limited antifungal drugs for aspergillosis and candidiasis.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U) 18000, Pakistan; H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. Electronic address: shafiq_pharma01@yahoo.com.
Shafiq-ur-Rahman
Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. Electronic address: m_ismail@upesh.edu.pk.
Muhammad
M
Ismail
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Muhammad Raza
MR
Shah
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Achyut
A
Adhikari
Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Itrat
I
Anis
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Malik Shoaib
MS
Ahmad
Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U) 18000, Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Khurram
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D031446:Trillium / Q000737:chemistry*
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012503:Saponins; C000611289:govanoside A
Antifungal; Govanoside A; Spirostane glycosides; Trilliaceae; Trillium govanianum