Influence of Development and Dietary Phospholipid Content and Composition on Intestinal Transcriptome of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).
The inclusion of intact phospholipids in the diet is essential during larval development and can improve culture performance of many fish species. The effects of supplementation of dietary phospholipid from marine (krill) or plant (soy lecithin) sources were investigated in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. First feeding fry were fed diets containing either krill oil or soybean lecithin supplying phospholipid at 2.6%, 3.2%, 3.6% and 4.2% of diet. Fish were sampled at ~ 2.5 g (~1,990°day post fertilization, dpf) and ~10 g (2,850°dpf). By comparison of the intestinal transcriptome in specifically chosen contrasts, it was determined that by 2,850°dpf fish possessed a profile that resembled that of mature and differentiated intestinal cell types with a number of changes specific to glycerophospholipid metabolism. It was previously shown that intact phospholipids and particularly phosphatidylcholine are essential during larval development and that this requirement is associated with the inability of enterocytes in young fry to endogenously synthesize sufficient phospholipid for the efficient export of dietary lipid. In the immature phase (~1,990°dpf), the dietary phospholipid content as well as its class composition impacted on several biochemical and morphological parameters including growth, but these differences were not associated with differences in intestinal transcriptomes. The results of this study have made an important contribution to our understanding of the mechanisms associated with lipid transport and phospholipid biosynthesis in early life stages of fish.
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Christian
C
De Santis
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
John F
JF
Taylor
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Laura
L
Martinez-Rubio
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Sebastian
S
Boltana
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Douglas R
DR
Tocher
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
D004041:Dietary Fats; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils