Particle size distribution of workplace aerosols in manganese alloy smelters applying a personal sampling strategy.
Air samples were collected by personal sampling with five stage Sioutas cascade impactors and respirable cyclones in parallel among tappers and crane operators in two manganese (Mn) alloy smelters in Norway to investigate PM fractions. The mass concentrations of PM collected by using the impactors and the respirable cyclones were critically evaluated by comparing the results of the parallel measurements. The geometric mean (GM) mass concentrations of the respirable fraction and the <10 μm PM fraction were 0.18 and 0.39 mg m(-3), respectively. Particle size distributions were determined using the impactor data in the range from 0 to 10 μm and by stationary measurements by using a scanning mobility particle sizer in the range from 10 to 487 nm. On average 50% of the particulate mass in the Mn alloy smelters was in the range from 2.5 to 10 μm, while the rest was distributed between the lower stages of the impactors. On average 15% of the particulate mass was found in the <0.25 μm PM fraction. The comparisons of the different PM fraction mass concentrations related to different work tasks or different workplaces, showed in many cases statistically significant differences, however, the particle size distribution of PM in the fraction <10 μm d(ae) was independent of the plant, furnace or work task.
Dept. of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway. bbe@stami.no.
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Berlinger
Dept. of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Bugge
Dept. of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Ulvestad
Dept. of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
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Kjuus
Technical University Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Kandler
Dept. of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway. bbe@stami.no.
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Ellingsen
D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010316:Particle Size; D017132:Workplace
D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D008345:Manganese