Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A case report.
The Kleine-Levin Syndrome is a differential diagnosis for patients with diurnal excessive sleepiness and a suspicion of narcolepsy. It is characterized by paroxysmal attacks of diurnal excessive sleepiness, associated with one or more symptoms of hyperphagia, hypersexuality, coprolalia and copropraxia. During crisis intervals, there are no symptoms. This pathology predominantly manifests itself in teenagers, being more frequent among males. The course of this disease is unpredictable, with variable duration and frequency. The most accepted physiopathology is that of a hypothalamic dysfunction, although and recently, there has appeared a hypothesis of a post-infectious autoimmune disorder. These patients show an elevated body mass index, which can predispose to association with comorbidities such as the sleep obstructive apnea syndrome. Treatment involves medications with different effects, but there is no specific and effective therapy. Our article shows a classic case of Kleine-Levin Syndrome associated with sleep obstructive apnea syndrome, a rare association in the literature.
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Taís Figueiredo
TF
de Araújo Lima
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nilce Sanny Costa
NS
da Silva Behrens
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Eduardo
E
Lopes
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Danielle
D
Pereira
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Department of General Practice, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hassana
H
de Almeida Fonseca
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Paola Oliveira
PO
Cavalcanti
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcia
M
Pradella-Hallinan
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Juliana
J
Castro
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Sergio
S
Tufik
Outpatient Facility of Diurnal Excessive Sleepiness, Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Fernando Morgadinho Santos
FM
Coelho
Kleine–Levin Syndrome; Recurrent hypersleepiness; Sleep obstructive apnea syndrome