Biological markers of invasive breast cancer.
Biological markers for breast cancer are biomolecules that result from cancer-related processes and are associated with particular clinical outcomes; they thus help predict responses to therapy. In recent years, gene expression profiling has made the molecular classification of breast cancer possible. Classification of breast cancer by immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki-67 is standard practice for clinical decision-making. Assessments of hormone receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression help estimate benefits from targeted therapies and have greatly improved prognoses for women with these breast cancer types. Although Ki-67 positivity is associated with an adverse outcome, its clear identification is an aid to optimal disease management. Standardization of testing methodology to minimize inter-laboratory measurement variations is a remaining issue. Multi-gene assays provide prognostic information and identify those most likely to benefit from systemic chemotherapy. Incorporating molecular profiles with conventional pathological classification would be more precise, and could enhance the clinical development of personalized therapy in breast cancer.
Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo Department of Surgery, Inagi Municipal Hospital, Tokyo.
Akiko
A
Matsumoto
Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan jinnoh@dd.iij4u.or.jp.
Hiromitsu
H
Jinno
Department of Surgery, Inagi Municipal Hospital, Tokyo.
Tomofumi
T
Ando
Department of Surgery, Inagi Municipal Hospital, Tokyo.
Taku
T
Fujii
Department of Surgery, Inagi Municipal Hospital, Tokyo.
Tetsuya
T
Nakamura
Department of Surgery, Inagi Municipal Hospital, Tokyo.
Junichi
J
Saito
Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
Maiko
M
Takahashi
Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
Tetsu
T
Hayashida
Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
Yuko
Y
Kitagawa
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
HER2; Ki-67; biomarkers; estrogen receptor; progesterone receptor