Is altered behavior linked to cellular energy regulation in a freshwater mussel (Elliptio complanata) exposed to triclosan?
Environmental stress may alter the bioenergetic balance of organisms by resulting in greater energy investment into detoxification processes, which diverts energy from other biological functions. Here, we examine responses to triclosan (TCS) exposure in a freshwater mussel across multiple biological levels: behavioral (e.g., burrowing and movement activity), organismal (e.g., metabolic rate and heart rate), and subcellular (e.g., gene expression and protein abundance/activity). At the subcellular level, we employed both energetic (i.e., AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)) and traditional (i.e., heat shock protein (HSP70), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) biomarkers. We found a significant reduction in burrowing and movement behaviors, a 1.8-fold increase in total-AMPK protein abundance, and a 2.8-fold increase in AMPK activity after 21d. GST activity increased after 4d, but not after 21d. Our findings suggest that TCS exposure results in an energetic tradeoff between detoxification at the cellular level and whole-animal activity.
Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Electronic address: christopher.goodchild@okstate.edu.
Christopher G
CG
Goodchild
Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA. Electronic address: mfrederich@une.edu.
Markus
M
Frederich
Department of Marine Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA. Electronic address: szeeman@une.edu.
Stephan I
SI
Zeeman
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005618:Fresh Water; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*
D014260:Triclosan; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
AMPK; Behavior; Bioenergetics; Biomarkers; Bivalves; Energy allocation; Triclosan