DNA fragment editing of genomes by CRISPR/Cas9.
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system from bacteria and archaea emerged recently as a new powerful technology of genome editing in virtually any organism. Due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, a revolutionary change of genetics has occurred. Here, we summarize the recent development of DNA fragment editing methods by CRISPR/Cas9 and describe targeted DNA fragment deletions, inversions, duplications, insertions, and translocations. The efficient method of DNA fragment editing provides a powerful tool for studying gene function, regulatory elements, tissue development, and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 system and the potential applications of other types of CRISPR system.
Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Center for Comparative Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Jin-huan
JH
Li
Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Center for Comparative Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Jia
J
Shou
Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Center for Comparative Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Qiang
Q
Wu
D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D004247:DNA