Cetuximab-resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells become sensitive in anchorage-independent culture conditions through the activation of the EGFR/AKT pathway.
We have previously shown that growth of the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line SAS, is resistant to cetuximab in monolayer culture conditions, even though epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was phosphorylated, but the growth of SAS aggregates was sensitive to cetuximab. In the present study, we demonstrate differences in the EGFR signaling pathways utilized by SAS cells in monolayer and suspension cultures at the molecular level. Cetuximab treatment of SAS cells in monolayer cultures inhibits the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK, and reduces the cell migratory potency, but not cell proliferation. AG1478 treatment reduces the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK and AKT, and affects cell growth in monolayer cultures. The phosphorylation levels of EGFR and AKT are significantly higher in SAS cell aggregates compared to monolayer cultures. Treatment with cetuximab and AG1478 reduces the growth of SAS aggregates and eliminates the phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT. Furthermore, proliferation of SAS aggregates is also inhibited by LY294002 and MK2206, which are inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, respectively. In addition, treatment with the lipid raft disruptor filipin III reduced the phosphorylation levels of EGFR and Akt in SAS aggregates, but not in SAS monolayer culture. These results suggest the possibility that ligands in the serum stimulate the phosphorylation of EGFR localized in lipid rafts leading to PI3K-AKT activation, which results in the growth of SAS aggregates, therefore resulting in the sensitivity of SAS aggregates to cetuximab.
Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Yuichi
Y
Ohnishi
Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Hiroki
H
Yasui
Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
Kenji
K
Kakudo
Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Masami
M
Nozaki
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000068818:Cetuximab / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000068818:Cetuximab