Metabolic syndrome and its components associated with chronic kidney disease.
BACKGROUND
There is limited information on the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Iranian population, a group that has a high prevalence of CKD and obesity. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between MetS and CKD in West of Iran.


METHODS
A total of 800 subjects aged more than 35 years admitted from 2011 to 2013 were enrolled in the study. MetS was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and CKD was defined from the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative practice guidelines. Waist circumference and body mass index were calculated, as well, blood samples were taken and lipid profile, plasma glucose levels, and serum creatinine were measured. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).


RESULTS
CKD was seen in 14.8% patients with MetS and 8.3% individuals without MetS. MetS was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for a glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (OR: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.99; P = 0.004). Individuals with 2, 3, 4, and 5 components of the MetS had an increased OR for CKD: 2.19 (95% CI: 0.95-3.62), 2.65 (95% CI: 1.03-4.71), 2.86 (95% CI: 1.08-5.53), and 5.03 (95% CI: 1.80-8.57), respectively, compared with individuals with none of the components.


CONCLUSIONS
We found a high prevalence of CKD in patients with MetS compared with the subject without MetS. Our observations raised major clinical and public health concerns in Iran, where both the MetS and kidney diseases are becoming common.
Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Ali
A
Maleki
Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahdi
M
Montazeri
Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Negin
N
Rashidi
Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran.
Mohammad
M
Montazeri
Department of Internal Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Elham
E
Yousefi-Abdolmaleki
Chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal disease; metabolic syndrome; serum creatinine