Modelling and estimation of HIV prevalence and number of people living with HIV in India, 2010-2011.
This paper provides HIV estimation methodology used in India and key HIV estimates for 2010-2011. We used a modified version of the Spectrum tool that included an Estimation and Projection Package as part of its AIDS Impact Module. Inputs related to population size, age-specific pattern of fertility, gender-ratio at birth, age and gender-specific pattern of mortality, and volume and age-gender distribution of net migration were derived from census records, the Sample Registration System and large-scale demographic health surveys. Epidemiological and programmatic data were derived from HIV sentinel surveillance, large-scale epidemiological surveys and the programme management information system. Estimated adult HIV prevalence retained a declining trend in India, following its peak in 2002 at a level of 0.41% (within bounds 0.35-0.47%). By 2010 and 2011, it levelled at estimates of 0.28% (0.24-0.34%) and 0.27% (0.22-0.33%), respectively. The estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) reduced by 8% between 2007 and 2011. While children accounted for approximately 6.3% of total HIV infections in 2007, this proportion increased to about 7% in 2011. With changing priorities and epidemic patterns, the programme has to customise its strategies to effectively address the emerging vulnerabilities and adapt them to suit the requirements of different geographical regions.
National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India.
Yujwal
Y
Raj
National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Damodar
D
Sahu
National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Arvind
A
Pandey
National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India.
S
S
Venkatesh
Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (Ex-Professor).
Dcs
D
Reddy
UNAIDS, New Delhi, India.
Taoufik
T
Bakkali
National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India.
Chinmoyee
C
Das
National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Kh Jitenkumar
KJ
Singh
Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Shashi
S
Kant
Department of Community Health Administration, National Institute of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, India.
M
M
Bhattacharya
Futures Institute, Washington DC, USA.
John
J
Stover
National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India.
Ugra Mohan
UM
Jha
National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India.
Pradeep
P
Kumar
UNICEF, Lucknow, India (Ex-Population Council Staff) rammanohar7@yahoo.co.in.
Ram Manohar
RM
Mishra
UNAIDS, New Delhi, India.
Nalini
N
Chandra
National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
B K
BK
Gulati
National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Sharad
S
Mathur
CDC, New Delhi, India.
Deepika
D
Joshi
WHO, New Delhi, India.
L
L
Chavan
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D058872:Epidemics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
AIDS; Asia; Epidemiology; India; Spectrum tool; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); prevalence; prevention