AMP-activated protein kinase regulates autophagic protection against cisplatin-induced tissue injury in the kidney.
Although the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin has been well documented as a major side effect of chemotherapy, the exact mechanism by which prosurvival and apoptotic pathways interplay to determine renal pathology remains elusive. Recent studies suggested that autophagy might serve as an adaptive mechanism to promote cell survival during acute kidney injury (AKI). We have used AKI as a disease model to investigate the mechanism regulating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in cisplatin-induced tissue damage. Pharmacological inhibitors such as chloroquine were used to manipulate autophagy during AKI, and DNA damage was evaluated by using the cellular marker γH2AX. Cisplatin induced extensive DNA damage during AKI. Autophagy activation served as a survival strategy to suppress cisplatin-induced DNA damage in the pathology of AKI both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in the kidney, cisplatin treatment can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a signaling molecule that is also critical for p53-mediated inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. As a result, inhibition or knockdown of AMPK can lead to repressed autophagy in cisplatin-induced AKI, resulting in more DNA damage. Activation of AMPK regulates autophagy during cisplatin-induced AKI. Given the fact that p53 can regulate autophagy by inactivating mTOR via AMPK, our results suggest that the p53 pathway may also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced renal damage. This study may further our understanding of the physiological roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of renal injuries, and thus may have pathological implications in the clinical setting.
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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L
Wei
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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W
Chen
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Y
Zou
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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H
Huang
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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B
Pan
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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S
Jin
Institute of Clinical Medical Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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R
Huang
Institute of Clinical Medical Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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S
Nie
Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China gyk_hn@163.com.
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G
Kong
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D002945:Cisplatin