Relationship Between Pain and CEAP C Categories of Chronic Venous Disease.
In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence and intensity of leg pain are related to C class of the clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological (CEAP) classification for chronic venous disease (CVeD). This cross-sectional study, conducted in Serbia, included 2841 patients: 2027 (71.3%) women and 814 (28.7%) men with CVeD diagnosed by general practitioners. For the first time, the Numeric Rating Scale of 0 to 5 units was used to assess the intensity of pain. For the analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic and linear regressions were applied. Pain in the legs was reported by 90.5% of the patients. The occurrence of pain significantly (P < .001) increased with increasing C class. Of the patients who reported pain in the legs, 42.0% had moderate pain, 23.7% had moderate to severe pain, 22.8% had light pain, 11.2% had severe pain, and 0.3% had very severe pain. Severity of pain differed significantly (P < .001) according to C class. Light and moderate pain gradually decreased and severe pain gradually increased from C0 to C6 class. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and family history of CVeD.
Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
D J
DJ
Radak
Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia drslobex@yahoo.com.
S Z
SZ
Tanaskovic
Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
H D
HD
Vlajinac
Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
J M
JM
Marinkovic
Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
M Z
MZ
Maksimovic
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D055771:Serbia; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chronic venous disease; cross-sectional study; pain