Camel milk peptide improves wound healing in diabetic rats by orchestrating the redox status and immune response.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus alters oxidative stability and immune response. Here, we investigated the impact of a peptide extracted from camel milk (CMP) on the oxidative status, transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and inflammatory cytokine in diabetic wounds.


METHODS
Rats were assigned into three groups: control, diabetic induced (DM) and diabetic induced with multiple doses of CMP for a week (DM-CMP).


RESULTS
DM showed a sharp decline in the activity of major antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) compared to the control. The DM-CMP group, however, showed a noticeable replenishment in the activity of these enzymes compared to the DM group. The CMP-treated group also showed a normal level of lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) compared to the DM rats. Furthermore, ELISA analysis of serum TNF-α protein showed an elevated level in diabetic rats in comparison to control serum. However, RT-PCR analysis of locally wounded skin tissues revealed that diabetes down-regulates the RNA expression of both TNF-α and MIF genes in comparison to the control samples but that CMP was found to restore RNA expression significantly. Although it was elevated in CMP-treated rats after one day of wound incision, the NF-kB protein level was significantly decreased seven days after the incision in comparison to the animals in the diabetic group.


CONCLUSIONS
CMP, therefore, can be seen an effective antioxidant and immune stimulant that induces oxidative stability and speeds up wound healing in diabetic model animals, making it a potential adjuvant in improving wound healing in those with diabetic conditions.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. hossamebaid@yahoo.com.|Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt. hossamebaid@yahoo.com.
Hossam
H
Ebaid
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt. manar_muhamad@yahoo.com.|Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Quwiaya, Riyadh, 11961, Saudi Arabia. manar_muhamad@yahoo.com.
Bahaa
B
Abdel-Salam
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. iftekharhassan2002@gmail.com.
Iftekhar
I
Hassan
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. jameel4h@yahoo.com.
Jameel
J
Al-Tamimi
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ali_metwalli@yahoo.com.|Department of Dairy, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt. ali_metwalli@yahoo.com.
Ali
A
Metwalli
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. imalhazza@hotmail.com.
Ibrahim
I
Alhazza
D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D015870:Gene Expression; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D003094:Collagen