Involvement of Prokineticin 2 and Prokineticin Receptor 1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Testitis in Rats.
Prokineticin 2, a newly discovered proinflammatory peptide, has been amply evidenced to be involved in the occurrence and progress of local and systematical inflammation. Although the presence of Prokineticn 2 in mammal testis has been documented clearly, research targeting the involvement of prokineticin 2 in testicular pathology, especially testitis, is rather scarce. Employing a lipopolysaccharide-induced testitis rat model, we for the first time demonstrated the expression and upregulation of prokineticin 2 in orchitis at several levels. Our effort also addressed the differential expression patterns of prokineticin 2 and interleukin-1β, a key inflammation indicator, during testitis suggesting Prokineticn 2 serves more than a proinflammatory factor in the context of testitis. Given one of the cognate receptors of prokineticin 2, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) was also significantly upregulated in orchitis as discussed in the current study, it is very likely that PK2/PKR1 signaling contribute to the development of inflammation-related testicular diseases.
Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Biao
B
Chen
Department of obstetrics, The Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Lili
L
Yu
Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jiaojiao
J
Wang
Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Cuiling
C
Li
Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Kai
K
Zhao
Institute of Family Planning Research, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. huipingzhang027@163.com.|Institute of Family Planning Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, , 430030. huipingzhang027@163.com.
Huiping
H
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009920:Orchitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; C000594089:IL1B protein, rat; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009479:Neuropeptides; C000600410:PROKR1 protein, rat; C486587:Prok2 protein, rat; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
BV8; male infertility; orchitis; prokineticin; testitis