Beyond CD19: Opportunities for Future Development of Targeted Immunotherapy in Pediatric Relapsed-Refractory Acute Leukemia.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been used as a targeted approach in cancer therapy. Relapsed and refractory acute leukemia in pediatrics has been difficult to treat with conventional therapy due to dose-limiting toxicities. With the recent success of CD 19 CAR in pediatric patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), this mode of therapy has become a very attractive option for these patients with high-risk disease. In this review, we will discuss current treatment paradigms of pediatric acute leukemia and potential therapeutic targets for additional high-risk populations, including T cell ALL, AML, and infant ALL.
Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA.
Haneen
H
Shalabi
Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA.
Anne
A
Angiolillo
Hematologic Malignancies Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Terry J
TJ
Fry
adoptive; chimeric antigen receptor; chimeric antigen receptor safety; immunotherapy; pediatric acute leukemia; relapsed leukemia