A novel reference plasmid for the qualitative detection of genetically modified rice in food and feed.
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Genetically modified (GM) technology has been used in rice to confer herbicide tolerance and pathogen or insect resistance. China invests heavily in research on GM rice. By the end of 2014, at least 250 transgenic rice lines had been developed in China. To monitor the presence of GM rice in food and feed, we collected information on foreign elements from 250 transgenic rice lines and found 5 elements, including the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase terminator (T-NOS), the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S), the ubiquitin gene (Ubi), the bar gene, and the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (Hpt), that are commonly present in GM rice. Therefore, we constructed a novel plasmid (pBJGMM001) that contains fragments of these elements and two endogenous reference genes (the sucrose phosphate synthase gene, SPS, and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene, PEPC). pBJGMM001 can serve as a standard for detecting 96% of GM rice lines in China. The primers, amplicons, reaction mixture, and PCR program were developed based on Chinese National Standards. The protocol was validated and determined to be suitable for practical use in monitoring and identifying GM rice.
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Inspection and Testing Center for Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plant-Related Microorganism (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Liang
L
Li
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Inspection and Testing Center for Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plant-Related Microorganism (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Mei
M
Dong
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Inspection and Testing Center for Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plant-Related Microorganism (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Na
N
An
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Inspection and Testing Center for Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plant-Related Microorganism (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Lixia
L
Liang
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Inspection and Testing Center for Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plant-Related Microorganism (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Yusong
Y
Wan
Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Inspection and Testing Center for Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plant-Related Microorganism (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
Wujun
W
Jin
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards; D002681:China; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity