MR-Guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound.
Previous chapters introduced the ability of using focused ultrasound to ablate tissues. It has led to various clinical applications in the treatment of uterine fibroid, prostate or liver cancers. Nevertheless, treating the brain non-invasively with focused ultrasound has been considered beyond reach for almost a century: The skull bone protects the brain from mechanical injuries, but it also reflects and refracts ultrasound, making it difficult to target the brain with focused ultrasound. Fortunately, aberration correction techniques have been developed recently and thermal lesioning in the thalamus has been achieved clinically. This chapter introduces the aberration effect of the skull bone and how it can be corrected non-invasively. It also presents the latest clinical results obtained with thermal ablation and introduces novel non-thermal approaches that could revolutionize brain therapy in the future.
Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7587, INSERM U979, Paris, France. jean-francois.aubry@espci.fr.|Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. jean-francois.aubry@espci.fr.
Jean-François
JF
Aubry
Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7587, INSERM U979, Paris, France. mickael.tanter@espci.fr.
Mickael
M
Tanter
D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation; D006801:Humans; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000601:surgery*
BBB opening; Mechanical ablation; Neuromodulation; Skull aberration; Thalomotomy