Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) - a potential phenotypical risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH) - in patients with PH and by PH diagnostic group including group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); group 1.1 idiopathic PAH, groups 1.2 heritable PAH, 1.3 drug and toxin induced, 1.4 associated PAH, group 2 PH with left heart disease, group 3 PH associated with lung disease and/or hypoxemia, group 4 PH owing to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease, and group 5 PH from multifactorial mechanisms.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred to Mayo Clinic in Florida from January 1990 to October 2013 (N = 1287). Only patients whom PH was confirmed by right heart catheterization were included (N = 640). MetS was defined with at least three of the following: systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and body mass index > 30.


RESULTS
MetS was prevalent in 247 of 640 (39%) with PH: 13% in group 1.1 PAH, 12% in groups 1.2-1.4 PAH, 54% in group 2, 55% in group 3, 23% in group 4 and 24% in group 5. After adjusting for age, sex and race, diagnostic subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence of MetS in WHO Group 2 PH patients [adjusted odd ratios (OR): 2.58, P < 0.0001] and WHO group 3 PH (adjusted OR: 2.77, P < 0.0001) when compared to group 1 PH.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of MetS was observed in 39% of patients with PH; however, among PH patients, the prevalence was higher in group 2 and 3 PH.
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Kamonpun
K
Ussavarungsi
Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Colleen S
CS
Thomas
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Charles D
CD
Burger
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
metabolic syndrome - obesity - prevalence - pulmonary hypertension - pulmonary venous hypertension