Effect of supplementation of fermented milk drink containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on the concentrations of aflatoxin biomarkers among employees of Universiti Putra Malaysia: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study.
Human exposure to aflatoxin is through the diet, and probiotics are able to bind aflatoxin and prevent its absorption in the small intestine. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) (probiotic drink) to prevent aflatoxin absorption and reduce serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct (AFB1-lys) and urinary aflatoxin M1 concentrations. The present study was a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study with two 4-week intervention phases. In all, seventy-one subjects recruited from the screening stage were divided into two groups--the Yellow group and the Blue group. In the 1st phase, one group received probiotic drinks twice a day and the other group received placebo drinks. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 2nd and 4th week of the intervention. After a 2-week wash-out period, the treatments were switched between the groups, and blood and urine samples were collected at the 6th, 8th and 10th week (2nd phase) of the intervention. No significant differences in aflatoxin biomarker concentrations were observed during the intervention. A within-group analysis was further carried out. Aflatoxin biomarker concentrations were not significantly different in the Yellow group. Nevertheless, ANOVA for repeated measurements indicated that AFB1-lys concentrations were significantly different (P=0·035) with the probiotic intervention in the Blue group. The 2nd week AFB1-lys concentrations (5·14 (SD 2·15) pg/mg albumin (ALB)) were significantly reduced (P=0·048) compared with the baseline (6·24 (SD 3·42) pg/mg ALB). Besides, the 4th week AFB1-lys concentrations were significantly lower (P<0·05) with probiotic supplementation than with the placebo. Based on these findings, a longer intervention study is warranted to investigate the effects of continuous LcS consumption to prevent dietary aflatoxin exposure.
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia.
Sabran
S
Mohd Redzwan
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia.
Mohd Sokhini
MS
Abd Mutalib
2Department of Environmental Health Science,College of Public Health,The University of Georgia,Athens,GA 30602,USA.
Jia-Sheng
JS
Wang
3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia.
Zuraini
Z
Ahmad
2Department of Environmental Health Science,College of Public Health,The University of Georgia,Athens,GA 30602,USA.
Min-Su
MS
Kang
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia.
Nurul 'Aqilah
N'
Abdul Rahman
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia.
Elham
E
Nikbakht Nasrabadi
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia.
Rosita
R
Jamaluddin
D000328:Adult; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000097:blood; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000652:urine; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D008239:Lysine / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics; D055815:Young Adult
D000348:Aflatoxins; D015415:Biomarkers; C066451:aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D008239:Lysine
AFB1
                aflatoxin B1; AFB1-lys aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct; AFM1
                aflatoxin M1; ALB albumin; Aflatoxin biomarkers; Lactobacillus casei Shirota; LcS 
                  Lactobacillus casei Shirota; Probiotic bacteria; Serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct; Urinary aflatoxin M1