Multidimensional preparative liquid chromatography to isolate flavonoids from bergamot juice and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory potential.
Important objectives of a high-performance liquid chromatography preparative process are: purity of products isolated, yield, and throughput. The multidimensional preparative liquid chromatography method used in this work was developed mainly to increase the throughput; moreover purity and yield are increased thanks to the automated collection of the molecules based on the intensity of a signal generated from the mass spectrometer detector, in this way only a specific product can be targeted. This preparative system allowed, in few analyses both in the first and second dimensions, the isolation of eight pure compounds present at very different concentration in the original sample with high purity (>95%) and yield, which showed how the system is efficient and versatile. Pure molecules were used to validate the analytical method and to test the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative potential of flavonoids. The contemporary presence, in bergamot juice, of all the flavonoids together increases the anti-inflammatory effect with respect to the single compound alone.
"Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Marina
M
Russo
"Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Paola
P
Dugo
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
Stefania
S
Marzocco
"Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Veronica
V
Inferrera
"Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o "Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute" Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Luigi
L
Mondello
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids
Bergamot juice; Flavonoids; Macrophages; Multidimensional chromatography; Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography