Psychosocial predictors of weight loss by race and sex.
This paper examined the psychosocial predictors of weight loss among race and sex subgroups. Analyses included overweight and obese participants from the PREMIER study, a previously published randomized trial that examined the effects of two multi-component lifestyle interventions on blood pressure among pre-hypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive adults. Both intervention conditions received behavioural recommendations for weight loss and group sessions. Weight and psychosocial measures of self-efficacy and social support for diet and exercise were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. There were 157 African-American (AA) women, 46 AA men, 203 non-AA women and 182 non-AA men with an average age of 50 years and average body mass index of 34 at baseline. Multiple predictor regression models were performed individually by race and sex subgroup. Among AA women, increases in diet self-efficacy were associated with weight loss. Among AA men, increases in diet-related social support and self-efficacy, along with increases in family support to exercise, were associated with weight loss (all Ps <0.05). Among non-AA women, increases in friends' support to exercise and exercise-related self-efficacy were associated with weight loss, and among non-AA men only increases in diet self-efficacy were associated with weight loss (all Ps <0.05). These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions based on race and sex to optimize the impact of lifestyle-based weight loss programmes.
Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.|Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
G J
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-2626
GJ
Jerome
Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, CO, USA.
V H
VH
Myers
Kaiser Permanente Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
D R
DR
Young
Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
M R
MR
Matthews-Ewald
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J W
JW
Coughlin
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
B C
BC
Wingo
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
J D
JD
Ard
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
C M
CM
Champagne
Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
K L
KL
Funk
Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA.
V J
VJ
Stevens
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
P J
PJ
Brantley
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004035:Diet Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D050177:Overweight / Q000523:psychology; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology
Obesity; race; self-efficacy; social support