Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Genetic Traits in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To assess prevalence of metabolically healthy individuals among patients with abdominal obesity (AO) and to determine phenotype and potential genetic traits associated with a benign metabolic status.


METHODS
503 AO patients without cardiovascular diseases were examined. Waist circumference (WC), BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, and adiponectin (AN) and leptin (LEP) concentrations in serum were measured. Polymorphisms A19G and Q223R of the LEP and LEP receptor gene, and G276T and T45G of the AN gene were investigated.


RESULTS
91.3% of patients were metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO), and 8.7% metabolically healthy obese (MHO). MHO patients were younger, and had lesser BMI and WC, while duration of obesity, frequency, and duration of physical training were greater than MUO patients (p < 0.05). In MHO and MUO patients distribution of the G19G, G19A, and A19A genotypes of the LEP gene and G276G, G276T, and T276T genotypes of AN gene did not differ. The Т45Т genotype was associated with increase of metabolic disorders' risk for patients with АО (OR = 2.331; 95%  CI = 1.121 ÷ 5.132).


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of MHO individuals among patients with AO is low. Benign metabolic status was associated with younger age, lower waist circumference, and higher physical activity, shorter duration of obesity, and G45G adiponectin genotype carriage.
Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 194341, Russia.
A
A
Berezina
Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 194341, Russia ; First Pavlov State Medical University, 6-8 L Tolstoy Street, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
O
O
Belyaeva
First Pavlov State Medical University, 6-8 L Tolstoy Street, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
O
O
Berkovich
First Pavlov State Medical University, 6-8 L Tolstoy Street, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
E
E
Baranova
Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 194341, Russia.
T
T
Karonova
First Pavlov State Medical University, 6-8 L Tolstoy Street, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
E
E
Bazhenova
First Pavlov State Medical University, 6-8 L Tolstoy Street, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
D
D
Brovin
Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 194341, Russia.
E
E
Grineva
Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 194341, Russia ; First Pavlov State Medical University, 6-8 L Tolstoy Street, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
E
E
Shlyakhto
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067329:Obesity, Metabolically Benign / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D054411:Receptors, Leptin