Neighborhood-Scale Spatial Models of Diesel Exhaust Concentration Profile Using 1-Nitropyrene and Other Nitroarenes.
With emerging evidence that diesel exhaust exposure poses distinct risks to human health, the need for fine-scale models of diesel exhaust pollutants is growing. We modeled the spatial distribution of several nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) to identify fine-scale gradients in diesel exhaust pollution in two Seattle, WA neighborhoods. Our modeling approach fused land-use regression, meteorological dispersion modeling, and pollutant monitoring from both fixed and mobile platforms. We applied these modeling techniques to concentrations of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), a highly specific diesel exhaust marker, at the neighborhood scale. We developed models of two additional nitroarenes present in secondary organic aerosol: 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene. Summer predictors of 1-NP, including distance to railroad, truck emissions, and mobile black carbon measurements, showed a greater specificity to diesel sources than predictors of other NPAHs. Winter sampling results did not yield stable models, likely due to regional mixing of pollutants in turbulent weather conditions. The model of summer 1-NP had an R(2) of 0.87 and cross-validated R(2) of 0.73. The synthesis of high-density sampling and hybrid modeling was successful in predicting diesel exhaust pollution at a very fine scale and identifying clear gradients in NPAH concentrations within urban neighborhoods.
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Jill K
JK
Schulte
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Julie R
JR
Fox
Seattle Children's Research Institute , P.O. Box 5371, Seattle, Washington 98145-5005, United States.
Assaf P
AP
Oron
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Timothy V
TV
Larson
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Christopher D
CD
Simpson
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Michael
M
Paulsen
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Nancy
N
Beaudet
University of Washington , Box 357234, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, United States.
Joel D
JD
Kaufman
Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1681, United States.
Sheryl
S
Magzamen
D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000032:analysis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*; D014861:Washington
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D005449:Fluorenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D053260:Soot; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; C049029:2-nitropyrene; C049030:2-nitrofluoranthene; C032668:1-nitropyrene