Quantitative evaluation of headache severity before and after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma.
OBJECT The relationship between headaches, pituitary adenomas, and surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas remains unclear. The authors assessed the severity and predictors of self-reported headaches in patients referred for surgery of pituitary adenomas and evaluated the impact of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery on headache severity and quality of life (QOL). METHODS In this prospective study, 79 patients with pituitary adenomas underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection and completed the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) QOL questionnaire preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Preoperatively, 49.4% of patients had mild headache severity, 13.9% had moderate severity, 13.9% had substantial severity, and 22.8% had intense severity. Younger age and hormone-producing tumors predisposed greater headache severity, while tumor volume, suprasellar extension, chiasmal compression, and cavernous sinus invasion of the pituitary tumors did not. Preoperative headache severity was found to be significantly associated with reduced scores across all SF-36 QOL dimensions and most significantly associated with mental health. By 6 months postoperatively, headache severity was reduced in a significant proportion of patients. Of the 40 patients with headaches causing an impact on daily living (moderate, substantial, or intense headache), 70% had improvement of at least 1 category on HIT-6 by 6 months postoperatively, while headache worsened in 7.6% of patients. The best predictors of headache response to surgery included younger age, poor preoperative SF-36 mental health score, and hormone-producing microadenoma. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm that surgery can significantly improve headaches in patients with pituitary adenomas by 6 months postoperatively, particularly in younger patients whose preoperative QOL is impacted. A larger multicenter study is underway to evaluate the long-term effect of surgery on headaches in this patient group.
Division of Neurosurgery.
Amparo
A
Wolf
Division of Neurosurgery.
Sandy
S
Goncalves
Department of Medical Imaging, and.
Fateme
F
Salehi
Department of Medical Imaging, and.
Jeff
J
Bird
Division of Neurology, London Health Sciences Centre, London; and.
Paul
P
Cooper
Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism and.
Stan
S
Van Uum
Department of Medical Imaging, and.
Donald H
DH
Lee
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada.
Brian W
BW
Rotenberg
Division of Neurosurgery.
Neil
N
Duggal
D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013100:Sphenoid Bone; D016896:Treatment Outcome
BP = bodily pain; GH = general health perceptions; HIT-6 = Headache Impact Test; MH = mental health; PF = physical function; QOL = quality of life; RE = role-emotional; RP = role-physical; SF = social functioning; SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; VT = vitality; endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery; headache; pituitary adenoma; pituitary surgery; quality of life