Iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which proved to be an iodine-sufficient area. Is mandatory salt iodisation enough for pregnant women?
The objective of this study was to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which was stated as iodine sufficient area after salt iodination program. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out on 3543 pregnant women. Age, gestational weeks, smoking, consumption of iodized salt, dietary salt restriction, history of stillbirth, abortus and congenital malformations were questioned. Spot urine samples were analyzed for urine iodine concentration (UIC). The outcomes were: (a) median UIC in three trimesters of pregnancy and (b) frequency of ID among pregnant women. The median UIC was 73 µg/L. The median UIC was 77 µg/L (1-324), 73 µg/L (1-600) and 70 µg/L (1-1650) in three trimesters of pregnancy, respectively (p: 0.14). UIC <50 µg/L was observed in 36.6% (n: 1295) and UIC<150 µg/L was observed in 90.7% (n: 3214) of pregnant women. Only 1% (n: 34) of the pregnant women had UIC levels higher than 500 µg/L. This study showed that more than 90% of the pregnant women in this iodine-sufficient city are facing some degree of iodine deficiency during their pregnancy. A salt iodization program might be satisfactory for the non-pregnant population, but it seems to be insufficient for the pregnant population.
a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey .
Engin
E
Oral
b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Sisli Etfal Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Begum
B
Aydogan Mathyk
c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey .
Berna Imge
BI
Aydogan
a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey .
Abdullah Serdar
AS
Acıkgoz
b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Sisli Etfal Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Hakan
H
Erenel
d Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Kartal Lütfi Kırdar Research and Tranining Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Hasniye
H
Celik Acıoglu
e Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Gökce
G
Anık Ilhan
f Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Bezmi Alem University , Istanbul , Turkey .
Banu
B
Dane
f Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Bezmi Alem University , Istanbul , Turkey .
Aysegul
A
Ozel
g Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Zeynep Kamil Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Bulent
B
Tandogan
g Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Zeynep Kamil Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Erbil
E
Cakar
h Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Florance Nightingale Bilim University , Istanbul , Turkey .
Herman
H
Isci
h Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Florance Nightingale Bilim University , Istanbul , Turkey .
Basak
B
Kayan
i Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Halil
H
Aslan
i Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Ali
A
Ekiz
j Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey , and.
Seda
S
Sancak
k Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
Ayhan
A
Celik
e Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Tevfik
T
Yoldemir
e Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey .
Ozgur
O
Uzun
c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey .
Murat Faik
MF
Erdogan
D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000652:urine*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014421:Turkey; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine
Iodine deficiency; iodine status; iodine-sufficient; pregnancy; salt iodination