Do Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Cigarette Smoking Extend to Smokeless Tobacco Use?
BACKGROUND
Individuals with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are at increased risk for cigarette smoking. Less research has been conducted characterizing the relationship between SES and risk of using of other tobacco products. The present study examined SES as a risk factor for smokeless tobacco (ST) use in a US nationally representative sample, utilizing data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.


METHODS
Odds were generated for current cigarette smoking and ST use among adults (≥18 years) based on SES markers (educational attainment, income, blue-collar employment, and unemployment) after controlling for the influence of demographics and other substance dependence.


RESULTS
Odds of current cigarette smoking increased as a graded, inverse function of educational attainment as well as lower income and being unemployed. Odds of current ST use also increased as a function of lower educational attainment, although not in the linear manner seen with cigarette smoking. Odds of ST use but not cigarette smoking also increased with blue-collar employment. In contrast to patterns seen with cigarette smoking, ST use did not change in relation to income or unemployment.


CONCLUSIONS
Markers of SES are significantly associated with odds of cigarette smoking and ST use, but which indicators are predictive and the shape of their relationship to use differs across the two tobacco products.
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT;
Thomas J
TJ
White
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT;
Ryan
R
Redner
Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT;
Janice Y
JY
Bunn
Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT Stephen.Higgins@uvm.edu.
Stephen T
ST
Higgins
D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*