Professional karate-do and mixed martial arts fighters present with a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders.
OBJECTIVE
Facial trauma in sports has been associated with temporomandibular disorders. Because of the intensity and duration of training needed for elite-level competitions, high-performance athletes can have two to five times more traumatic injuries than recreational athletes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in high-performance martial arts fighters and compare it with the prevalence in recreational athletes and non-athletes.


METHODS
The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was used to diagnose and classify professional karate-do practitioners (group I; n = 24), amateur karate-do practitioners (group II; n = 17), high-performance mixed martial arts fighters (group III; n = 13), and non-athletes (n = 28). The groups were compared with the chi-square test and tested for the difference between two proportions using a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05).


RESULTS
The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in groups I (54.2%; P = 0.003) and III (61.5%; P = 0.002) was significantly higher than in group IV (14.3%). The prevalence in group II was similar to that in group IV (P > 0.05). A diagnosis of arthralgia from disk displacement was made more frequently in groups I (45.8%; P = 0.013) and III (38.5%; P = 0.012) than in group IV (7.1%). The chronic pain associated with TMD was low intensity and low disability.


CONCLUSIONS
While there was a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in the professional athletes in our study, the prevalence of the condition in recreational athletes was similar to that in individuals who did not practice martial arts.
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Daniel
D
Bonotto
Positivo University, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Eli Luis
EL
Namba
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Danielle Medeiros
DM
Veiga
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Fernanda
F
Wandembruck
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Felipe
F
Mussi
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Paulo
P
Afonso Cunali
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Edvaldo Antonio
EA
Ribeiro Rosa
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Pr, Brazil.
Luciana Reis
LR
Azevedo-Alanis
D056352:Athletes; D005151:Facial Injuries; D006801:Humans; D016139:Martial Arts; D015995:Prevalence; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
athletes; martial arts; temporomandibular disorders; temporomandibular joint; trauma in athletes