Doing their best: strategies used by South African clinicians in working with psychiatric inpatients across a language barrier.
OBJECTIVE
South Africa has 11 official languages, but most psychiatrists can speak only English and Afrikaans and there are no formal interpreter posts in the mental healthcare system. As a result clinicians communicate with patients who have limited English language proficiency (LEP) without the use of interpreters. We present case material, constituting recordings of interactions between clinicians and LEP patients in a public psychiatric institution. The aim is to have a better understanding of how these clinical encounters operated and what communicative strategies clinicians used.


METHODS
We used the Roter interaction analysis system (RIAS) to evaluate clinicians' conversational strategies and to analyze interactions between clinicians and patients.


RESULTS
Clinicians showed a high degree of tenacity in trying to engage patients in the clinical conversation, build rapport, and gather crucial diagnostic information. However, patients often responded briefly and monosyllabically, or kept quiet. In psychiatry where commonality of language cannot be assumed, it is not possible to determine the clinical significance of these responses.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians went to great lengths to understand LEP patients. It is also clear that patients were often not optimally understood. Clinicians would try to gain valid information in a polite manner, but would abandon these attempts repeatedly as it became clear that proper communication was not possible.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that in the absence of interpreter services, the communication between clinicians and LEP patients is sparse and yields limited clinical information. The lack of proper language services stands in the way of optimal clinical care and requires urgent attention.
Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.|Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; sanjakilian83@gmail.com.
Sanja
S
Kilian
Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Leslie
L
Swartz
Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Bonginkosi
B
Chiliza
D003144:Communication Barriers; D054521:Cultural Competency; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011570:Psychiatry; D013019:South Africa; D014175:Translating
Roter interaction analysis system; language barriers; lower income countries; optimal clinical care; psychiatric care