Genetic studies in intellectual disability and related disorders.
Genetic factors play a major part in intellectual disability (ID), but genetic studies have been complicated for a long time by the extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Recently, progress has been made using different next-generation sequencing approaches in combination with new functional readout systems. This approach has provided novel insights into the biological pathways underlying ID, improved the diagnostic process and offered new targets for therapy. In this Review, we highlight the insights obtained from recent studies on the role of genetics in ID and its impact on diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. We also discuss the future directions of genetics research for ID and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Lisenka E L M
LE
Vissers
Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Christian
C
Gilissen
Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre. Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Joris A
JA
Veltman
D000818:Animals; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy