Photoelectric detection of electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond.
The readout of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spins is essential for applications in quantum computation, metrology and sensing. Conventional readout protocols are based on the detection of photons emitted from nitrogen-vacancy centres, a process limited by the efficiency of photon collection. We report on an alternative principle for detecting the magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres, allowing the direct photoelectric readout of nitrogen-vacancy centres spin state in an all-diamond device. The photocurrent detection of magnetic resonance scheme is based on the detection of charge carriers promoted to the conduction band of diamond by two-photon ionization of nitrogen-vacancy centres. The optical and photoelectric detection of magnetic resonance are compared, by performing both types of measurements simultaneously. The minima detected in the measured photocurrent at resonant microwave frequencies are attributed to the spin-dependent ionization dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy, originating from spin-selective non-radiative transitions to the metastable singlet state.
IMOMEC division, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.|Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
E
E
Bourgeois
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
A
A
Jarmola
Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
P
P
Siyushev
Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.|Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna sq. 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic.
M
M
Gulka
Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.|Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna sq. 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic.
J
J
Hruby
Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
F
F
Jelezko
Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099, Mainz, Germany.|Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
D
D
Budker
IMOMEC division, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.|Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
M
M
Nesladek