[Onychomycosis by yeast not common in diabetics of a health center].
BACKGROUND
Mexican diabetic population frequently presents mycosis under foot hyperkeratosis; however, in another type of onychomycosis as the ones that is assumed Candida albicans is the causal agent, it is unknown the frequency, the prevalence and if another Candida species or other yeasts are found.


OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the frequency of yeasts causing onychomycosis in diabetic patients looked after in public institutions of health of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, and its association with clinical epidemiological variables.


METHODS
An observational, descriptive and transversal study was made on 261 patients, from which one nail sample of each one was obtained, used to isolate and identify dermatophytes and yeasts; the results were statistically correlated with 24 epidemiological parameters. The clinical study was done through interrogation and by medical exploration in order to evaluate Tinea pedis and onychomycosis.


RESULTS
Onychomycosis were caused by Candida guilliermondii, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida spp., Kodamaea ohmeri, Prototheca wickerhamii and unidentified yeasts. The prevalence for general onychomycosis, by dermatophytes, mixed onychomycosis and by yeasts were: 24.1, 19.5, 2.3 and 14.6%, respectively. Patients with significant probability to be diagnosed as having onychomycosis by yeasts are those wearing open shoes (2.59%); technicians and professionals (10.49%) and alcohol drinkers (3.72%).


CONCLUSIONS
The fact that Candida albicans is not present in this study as causal agent of onychomycosis, and emerging and non-common yeasts were indeed isolated, creates new challenges. It is remarked the clinical criterion that when onychomycosis is suspected in diabetics, the diagnosis for culturing dermatophytes and yeasts should be included.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México. Electronic address: imbertox@hotmail.com.
J L
JL
Imbert
Especialidad de Parasitología, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México.
J V
JV
G Gomez
Maestría en Ciencias, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México.
R B
RB
Escudero
Maestría en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México.
J L
JL
Blasco
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence
Candida no albicans; Diabetics; Diabéticos; Levaduras; Onicomicosis; Onychomycosis; Yeasts