Effects of a Nordic Walking program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performance and body composition in patients with Parkinson's disease.
BACKGROUND
Several studies have clearly shown that physical exercise can reduce the progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, little is known about the effects of a Nordic Walking (NW) program in PD patients.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of a NW program on motor and non-motor symptoms, functional performances and body composition in PD patients.


METHODS
Twenty PD patients (16M, 4F, 67.3±7.8 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to NW group (NWg, n = 10) and Control group (Cg, n = 10). The training consisted in 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Training effects were assessed by functional and instrumental tests and motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed by UPDRS-III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, PD Fatigue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Starkstein Apathy Scale, and Non-Motor Symptoms Scale.


RESULTS
Significant changes in resting HR, in walked distance (p <  0.05), and in lower limbs muscles strength (p <  0.005) were observed in NWg. Both balance abilities and safety with mobility were increased (p <  0.005). Significant variations in some circumferences and body composition were registered. Finally, a significant improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms was detected: UPDRS-III, HY scale, PFS-16, BDI-II, SAS, NMSS.


CONCLUSIONS
A tailored exercise program including NW proved to be an effective way to improve daily activities and both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients.
Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.|Adapted Physical Activity Master Degree Course, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Lucia
L
Cugusi
Adapted Physical Activity Master Degree Course, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.|Movement Disorders Center, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Paolo
P
Solla
Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Roberto
R
Serpe
Adapted Physical Activity Master Degree Course, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Tatiana
T
Carzedda
Adapted Physical Activity Master Degree Course, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Luisa
L
Piras
Adapted Physical Activity Master Degree Course, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Marcello
M
Oggianu
Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Silvia
S
Gabba
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences 'G. d'Annunzio', University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
Andrea
A
Di Blasio
Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
Marco
M
Bergamin
Movement Disorders Center, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Antonino
A
Cannas
Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.|Movement Disorders Center, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Francesco
F
Marrosu
Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.|Adapted Physical Activity Master Degree Course, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Mercuro
D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016138:Walking
Nordic Walking; Parkinson’s disease; body composition; functional performance; motor symptoms; non-motor symptoms