Vulnerability assessment and application of bacterial technology on urban rivers for pollution eradication.
To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate the Bacterial Technologies (BTs) on the restoration of polluted urban rivers, that is, Fenghu-Song Yang River (FSR) and Xuxi River (XXR). Experimental research accounted for the physiochemical parameters (pH; temperature; dissolved oxygen (DO); chemical oxygen demand (COD); total phosphorus (TP); total nitrogen (TN); and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N)) before and after the BT operation. The results declared that the BT is efficient to restore the polluted rivers up to reliable condition. These results were analyzed by using multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)). These techniques interpreted the complex data sets and expressed the point source information about the water quality of these rivers at SA5, SA6, and SB3 under highly polluted regions. For better understanding, water quality index (WQI) was applied to compute the single numeric value. WQI results are evidence of the above results which prove the water quality of both rivers faced under outrageous condition (below 50 WQI scores) before the BT treatment, but, after the treatment, the rivers were restored from fair to good level (above 50 WQI scores) and overall output of these scores was quite similar to detect the point source of pollution. These results described an abrupt recovery of the urban rivers up to reliable condition for aquatic organism and clear effluents from the rivers.
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China.
Sarfraz
S
Hashim
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China.
Xie
X
Yuebo
College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China ; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Fiaz
F
Ahmad
College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China ; Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Chaudhry
C
Arslan
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China.
Muhammad
M
Saifullah
D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical