Modern affinity reagents: Recombinant antibodies and aptamers.
Affinity reagents are essential tools in both basic and applied research; however, there is a growing concern about the reproducibility of animal-derived monoclonal antibodies. The need for higher quality affinity reagents has prompted the development of methods that provide scientific, economic, and time-saving advantages and do not require the use of animals. This review describes two types of affinity reagents, recombinant antibodies and aptamers, which are non-animal technologies that can replace the use of animal-derived monoclonal antibodies. Recombinant antibodies are protein-based reagents, while aptamers are nucleic-acid-based. In light of the scientific advantages of these technologies, this review also discusses ways to gain momentum in the use of modern affinity reagents, including an update to the 1999 National Academy of Sciences monoclonal antibody production report and federal incentives for recombinant antibody and aptamer efforts. In the long-term, these efforts have the potential to improve the overall quality and decrease the cost of scientific research.
PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, England. Electronic address: KatherineG@piscltd.org.uk.
Katherine
K
Groff
PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, England. Electronic address: JeffreyB@piscltd.org.uk.
Jeffrey
J
Brown
PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, England. Electronic address: AmyJC@piscltd.org.uk.
Amy J
AJ
Clippinger
D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D052156:SELEX Aptamer Technique
D000906:Antibodies; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
Affinity reagents; Antibodies; Aptamers; Ascites antibodies; Recombinant antibodies