Chemical Aspects of Nanoparticle Ecotoxicology.
Nanoecotoxicology strives to understand the processes and mechanisms by which engineered nanoparticles (ENP) may exert toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Detailed knowledge of the chemical reactions of nanoparticles in the media and of their interactions with organisms is required to understand these effects. The processes of agglomeration of nanoparticles, of dissolution and release of toxic metal ions, and of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered in this article. Important questions concern the role of uptake of nanoparticles in various organisms, in contrast to uptake of ions released from nanoparticles and to nanoparticle attachment to organism surfaces. These interactions are illustrated for effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), cerium oxide (CeO2 NP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 NP), on aquatic organisms, including algae, biofilms, fish cells and fish embryos.
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland. laura.sigg@eawag.ch.
Laura
L
Sigg
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Renata
R
Behra
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Ksenia
K
Groh
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Bemidji State University Department of Environmental Science Bemidji, MN, USA.
Carl
C
Isaacson
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Niksa
N
Odzak
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; McGill University Departments of Civil Engineering and Chemical Engineering Montreal, Canada.
Flavio
F
Piccapietra
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Lena
L
Röhder
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Hannah
H
Schug
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Yang
Y
Yue
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology P. O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Kristin
K
Schirmer
D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D002563:Cerium; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002563:Cerium; D012834:Silver; C030583:ceric oxide; D014025:Titanium