Gout and its comorbidities in the total population of Stockholm.
OBJECTIVE
Study of prevalence of gout with concomitant diseases.


METHODS
Study population included all living persons in Stockholm County, Sweden, on January 1st 2013 (N=2,124,959). A diagnosis of gout was identified during 2013-2014, with information of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, hypertension, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, alcohol abuse, and malignancies. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for women and men with gout, using individuals without gout as referents, were calculated.


RESULTS
Age-adjusted odds of co-morbidities among individuals with gout vs. those without gout were: diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance 3.97 (95% CI 3.65-4.31) in women and 1.88 (95% CI 1.78-1.99) in men; hypertension 4.02 (95% CI 3.69-4.37) in women and 3.21 (95% CI 3.06-3.37) in men; chronic heart failure 4.72 (95% CI 4.31-5.19) in women and 2.84 (95% CI 2.66-3.04) in men; chronic kidney disease 2.08 (95% CI 1.50-2.87) in women and 2.39 (95% CI 2.15-2.66) in men; alcohol abuse 8.98 (95% CI 8.15-9.80) in women and 4.38 (95% CI 4.10-4.69) in men; and malignancies 1.32 (95% CI 1.17-1.48) in women and 1.13 (95% CI 1.06-1.21) men.


CONCLUSIONS
Gout is a warning sign for concomitant diseases, e.g. alcoholism, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. KEY MESSAGES.
Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Academic Primary Healthcare Centre, Stockholm County Council, Huddinge, Sweden. Electronic address: per.wandell@ki.se.
Per
P
Wändell
Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Axel C
AC
Carlsson
Public Healthcare Services Committee Administration, Stockholm County Council, Box 6909, SE-102 39 Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 3, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Gunnar
G
Ljunggren
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
Administrative databases; Age differences; Epidemiology; Gender differences; Gout