Contribution of Neuroinflammation to the Pathogenesis of Cancer Cachexia.
Inflammation characterizes the course of acute and chronic diseases and is largely responsible for the metabolic and behavioral changes occurring during the clinical journey of patients. Robust data indicate that, during cancer, functional modifications within brain areas regulating energy homeostasis contribute to the onset of anorexia, reduced food intake, and increased catabolism of muscle mass and adipose tissue. In particular, functional changes are associated with increased hypothalamic concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests that neuroinflammation may represent the adaptive response of the brain to peripheral challenges, including tumor growth. Within this conceptual framework, the vagus nerve appears to be involved in conveying alert signals to the hypothalamus, whereas hypothalamic serotonin appears to contribute to triggering catabolic signals.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Alessio
A
Molfino
Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Gianfranco
G
Gioia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Filippo
F
Rossi Fanelli
Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Laviano
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002100:Cachexia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D053486:Melanocortins / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D016207:Cytokines; D053486:Melanocortins; D012701:Serotonin