Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Properties of a Triterpenoid Compound, Dehydroeburicoic Acid, from Antrodia camphorata in Vitro and in Streptozotocin-Induced Mice.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dehydroeburicoic acid (TT) on type 1 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and given orally by gavage TT (at three dosages), metformin (Metf), fenfibrate (Feno), or vehicle for 4 weeks. STZ-induced diabetic mice showed elevations in blood glucose levels (P < 0.001). TT treatment markedly decreased blood glucose levels by 42.6-46.5%. Moreover, STZ-induced diabetic mice displayed an increase in circulating triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) but a decrease in blood insulin and adiponectin levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). These substances are also reversed by TT treatment, indicating TT ameliorated diabetes and dyslipidemia. Membrane skeletal muscular expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation (phospho-AMPK) in both liver and skeletal muscle were reduced in STZ-induced diabetic mice, which normalized upon TT treatment and correction of hyperglycemia accompanied with a decrease in mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), which was related to the inhibition of hepatic glucose production and attenuating diabetic state. In addition, TT also showed hypolipidemic effect by increasing hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT-1a) but decreasing expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), which further contributed to a decrease in circulating TG levels. TT-treated mice displayed decreased SREBP2 mRNA levels and reduced blood TC levels. These findings strongly support that TT prevents diabetic and dyslipidemic states in STZ-induced diabetic mice evidenced by regulation of GLUT4, PPARα, FAS, and phosphorylation of AMPK.
Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taichung City 40402, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung City 41354, Taiwan.
Yueh-Hsiung
YH
Kuo
Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan.
Cheng-Hsiu
CH
Lin
Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology , 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan.
Chun-Ching
CC
Shih
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007810:Lanosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014280:Triglycerides; C547186:dehydroeburicoic acid; D007810:Lanosterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation; Antrodia camphorata; dehydroeburicoic acid; diabetes; fatty acid synthase; glucose transporter 4; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; streptozotocin