The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation.
Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is an important risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage, especially in children and young adults. Inflammation has been implicated in BAVM lesion progression. Among various inflammatory components, macrophage is one of the major inflammatory cells present in human ruptured and unruptured BAVM and in the BAVM lesions of animal models. The role of macrophage in BAVM pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this review, we summarize recent studies on macrophages and introduce a non-invasive imaging protocol as a potential tool for detecting macrophage in BAVM and predicting the risk of BAVM rupture.
Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America ; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Li
L
Ma
Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America ; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Yi
Y
Guo
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China ; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
Yuan-Li
YL
Zhao
Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Hua
H
Su
Brain arteriovenous malformation; Inflammation; Macrophage; Pathogenesis