Snacks With Nutrition Labels: Tastiness Perception, Healthiness Perception, and Willingness to Pay by Norwegian Adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
Consumers tend to have the perception that healthy equals less tasty. This study aimed to identify whether information provided by the Keyhole symbol, a widely used front-of-package symbol in Nordic countries to indicate nutritional content, and percent daily values (%DVs) affect Norwegian adolescents' perception of the healthiness of snacks and their intention to buy them.


METHODS
Two tasks were used to evaluate adolescents' perception of snacks with the Keyhole symbol: with %DVs or with no nutrition label. A third task was used to test their abilities to use %DVs (pairwise selections). A survey obtained personal attributes.


METHODS
A total of 566 Norwegian adolescents.


METHODS
Taste perception, health perception, and ability to use %DVs.


METHODS
Linear mixed models and logistic models that tested effects of labels and personal attributes on main outcome measures.


RESULTS
The Keyhole symbol increased health perception without influencing taste perception of snacks. Norwegian adolescents had limited abilities to use information from the %DVs correctly to identify healthier foods.


CONCLUSIONS
Norwegian adolescents had a positive perception of the Keyhole symbols. Keyhole symbols as a simple, heuristic front-of-package label have potential as an information strategy that may influence self-efficacy in promoting healthy snack choices among adolescents.
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway. Electronic address: qing.wang@nmbu.no.
Qing
Q
Wang
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
Marije
M
Oostindjer
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway; School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Gro V
GV
Amdam
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway.
Bjørg
B
Egelandsdal
D000293:Adolescent; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D062410:Snacks
Norway; adolescents; nutrition labels; snacks