Stress reactions after a patient suicide and their relations to the profile of mental health professionals.
BACKGROUND
Patient suicide is a professional hazard for mental health professionals and an event likely to trigger stress reactions among them. This study aimed to identify typical profiles of professionals after a patient suicide to address the severity of stress reactions and its discriminant variables.


METHODS
Mental health professionals (N = 666) working in institutional settings or private practice in the French-speaking part of Switzerland filled out a self-administered questionnaire including the IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised). Profiles were identified by cluster analysis.


RESULTS
The interplay of variables pertaining to the relationship to the patient, exposure to suicide, support and training contributed to explaining the severity of stress reactions after a patient suicide. Five profiles of professionals were identified. Low-impacted professionals (55.8% of the sample) were characterised either by high support and anticipation (anticipators with support), emotional distance to the patient (distant professionals) or no contact with the patient at the time of death (no more contact with patient professionals). Emotional closeness to, and responsibility for the patient were typical of moderately-impacted professionals (36.6%, concerned professionals), while highly-impacted professionals felt emotionally close to the patient and lacked support although more than half of them sought it (7.7%, unsupported professionals).


CONCLUSIONS
Differences in the professionals' profiles relate prominently to the interplay between risk and protective factors. Professionals who were appropriately supported, i.e., according to their risk profile, were able to cope with the event. Taking into account the profiles of professionals and the severity of stress reactions may enable the screening of those professionals most in need of support. Those most impacted sought out help more frequently. However, only a minority of them were offered sufficient support. Institutional or vocational bodies should take measures to ensure that professionals seeking help find it easily and promptly. The combination of training and support seems to be crucial for mitigating risk factors since the three low impacted subgroups had received the most training and support.
HES-SO: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Social Work Fribourg (HETS-FR), Rue Jean Prouvé 10, 1762, Givisiez, Switzerland. angela.castelli@hefr.ch.
Dolores Angela
DA
Castelli Dransart
HES-SO: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Social Work Fribourg (HETS-FR), Rue Jean Prouvé 10, 1762, Givisiez, Switzerland. jean-luc.heeb@hefr.ch.
Jean-Luc
JL
Heeb
HES-SO: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Social Work Fribourg (HETS-FR), Rue Jean Prouvé 10, 1762, Givisiez, Switzerland. alida.gulfi@hefr.ch.
Alida
A
Gulfi
HES-SO: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, School of Social Work Fribourg (HETS-FR), Rue Jean Prouvé 10, 1762, Givisiez, Switzerland. elisabeth.gutjahr@hefr.ch.
Elisabeth M
EM
Gutjahr
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland