STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.
Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; p.m.bossuyt@amc.uva.nl.
Patrick M
PM
Bossuyt
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Johannes B
JB
Reitsma
Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA;
David E
DE
Bruns
Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;
Constantine A
CA
Gatsonis
Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia;
Paul P
PP
Glasziou
Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
Les
L
Irwig
Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
Jeroen G
JG
Lijmer
Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;
David
D
Moher
Peer Review Congress, Chicago, IL; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
Drummond
D
Rennie
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
Henrica C W
HC
de Vet
Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Radiology Editorial Office, Oak Brook, IL;
Herbert Y
HY
Kressel
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC;
Nader
N
Rifai
Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, IL;
Robert M
RM
Golub
Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;
Douglas G
DG
Altman
Dutch Cochrane Centre, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Lotty
L
Hooft
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
Daniël A
DA
Korevaar
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; INSERM UMR 1153 and Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
Jérémie F
JF
Cohen
D015982:Bias; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009626:Terminology as Topic