APOBEC3G Interacts with ssDNA by Two Modes: AFM Studies.
APOBEC3G (A3G) protein has antiviral activity against HIV and other pathogenic retroviruses. A3G has two domains: a catalytic C-terminal domain (CTD) that deaminates cytidine, and a N-terminal domain (NTD) that binds to ssDNA. Although abundant information exists about the biological activities of A3G protein, the interplay between sequence specific deaminase activity and A3G binding to ssDNA remains controversial. We used the topographic imaging and force spectroscopy modalities of Atomic Force Spectroscopy (AFM) to characterize the interaction of A3G protein with deaminase specific and nonspecific ssDNA substrates. AFM imaging demonstrated that A3G has elevated affinity for deaminase specific ssDNA than for nonspecific ssDNA. AFM force spectroscopy revealed two distinct binding modes by which A3G interacts with ssDNA. One mode requires sequence specificity, as demonstrated by stronger and more stable complexes with deaminase specific ssDNA than with nonspecific ssDNA. Overall these observations enforce prior studies suggesting that both domains of A3G contribute to the sequence specific binding of ssDNA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
Luda S
LS
Shlyakhtenko
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
Samrat
S
Dutta
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
Jaspreet
J
Banga
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street South East, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 USA.
Ming
M
Li
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street South East, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 USA.
Reuben S
RS
Harris
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
Yuri L
YL
Lyubchenko
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003562:Cytidine / Q000378:metabolism; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003641:Deamination; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology
D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003562:Cytidine; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase