Influence of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Volume and Structure Independent of Iodine in School Children.
BACKGROUND
Although several studies have evaluated the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) and thyroid functions, their results are not entirely consistent. Little is known about BPA in relation to thyroid volume and structure.


METHODS
We examined the association of BPA with thyroid volume and thyroid nodules using data from 718 Chinese children living in the East Coast of China in 2012. First morning urine samples were collected for the determination of urinary BPA, creatinine, and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC). Thyroid volume (TV) and nodules were assessed by thyroid ultrasonography.


RESULTS
The median of TV was 3.14ml. 459(63.9%) children took iodized salt at home and the median of UIC was 159μg/l. BPA was detected in 99.9% of the urine samples and the medians for boys and girls were 2.64 and 2.35μg/g creatinine, respectively. Of all participants 14.0% had thyroid nodules. Urinary BPA concentration was inversely associated with thyroid volume (β = -0.033, 95% CI: -0.053, -0.013) and the risk for multiple nodules (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.97). The associations above were similar for children who consumed iodized salt and those consumed non-iodized salt.


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that BPA may be one of the influencing factors for TV and thyroid nodules and its effects are independent of iodine nutrition status in children.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Na
N
Wang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ying
Y
Zhou
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Chaowei
C
Fu
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Hexing
H
Wang
Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Haimen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haimen, China.
Peixin
P
Huang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Bin
B
Wang
Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Yuhuan County Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, China.
Meifang
M
Su
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Feng
F
Jiang
Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Hong
H
Fang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qi
Q
Zhao
School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Yue
Y
Chen
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qingwu
Q
Jiang
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D007455:Iodine; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds