Two Healthy Diets Modulate Gut Microbial Community Improving Insulin Sensitivity in a Human Obese Population.
BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota, which acts collectively as a fully integrated organ in the host metabolism, can be shaped by long-term dietary interventions after a specific diet.


OBJECTIVE
The aim was to study the changes in microbiota after 1 year's consumption of a Mediterranean diet (Med diet) or a low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diet (LFHCC diet) in an obese population.


METHODS
Participants were randomized to receive the Med diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated) and the LFHCC diet (28% fat, 12% monounsaturated).


METHODS
The study was conducted in 20 obese patients (men) within the Coronary Diet Intervention With Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention (CORDIOPREV) study, an ongoing prospective, randomized, opened, controlled trial in patients with coronary heart disease.


METHODS
We evaluated the bacterial composition and its relationship with the whole fecal and plasma metabolome.


RESULTS
The LFHCC diet increased the Prevotella and decreased the Roseburia genera, whereas the Med diet decreased the Prevotella and increased the Roseburia and Oscillospira genera (P = .028, .002, and .016, respectively). The abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis (P = .025) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = .020) increased after long-term consumption of the Med diet and the LFHCC diet, respectively. The changes in the abundance of 7 of 572 metabolites found in feces, including mainly amino acid, peptide, and sphingolipid metabolism, could be linked to the changes in the gut microbiota.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that long-term consumption of the Med and LFHCC diets exerts a protective effect on the development of type 2 diabetes by different specific changes in the gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of the Roseburia genus and F. prausnitzii, respectively.
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Carmen
C
Haro
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Miguel
M
Montes-Borrego
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Oriol A
OA
Rangel-Zúñiga
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Juan F
JF
Alcalá-Díaz
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Francisco
F
Gómez-Delgado
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Pablo
P
Pérez-Martínez
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Javier
J
Delgado-Lista
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Gracia M
GM
Quintana-Navarro
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Francisco J
FJ
Tinahones
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Blanca B
BB
Landa
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
José
J
López-Miranda
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Antonio
A
Camargo
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), GC9 Nutrigenomics. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.H., O.A.R.-Z., J.F.A.-D., F.G.-D., P.P.-M., J.D.-L., G.M.Q.-N., F.J.T., J.L.-M., A.C., F.P.-J.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (M.M.-B., B.B.L.), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service (F.J.T.). Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
Francisco
F
Pérez-Jiménez
D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D064307:Microbiota; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D000069463:Olive Oil