Rhodopsin Forms Nanodomains in Rod Outer Segment Disc Membranes of the Cold-Blooded Xenopus laevis.
Rhodopsin forms nanoscale domains (i.e., nanodomains) in rod outer segment disc membranes from mammalian species. It is unclear whether rhodopsin arranges in a similar manner in amphibian species, which are often used as a model system to investigate the function of rhodopsin and the structure of photoreceptor cells. Moreover, since samples are routinely prepared at low temperatures, it is unclear whether lipid phase separation effects in the membrane promote the observed nanodomain organization of rhodopsin from mammalian species. Rod outer segment disc membranes prepared from the cold-blooded frog Xenopus laevis were investigated by atomic force microscopy to visualize the organization of rhodopsin in the absence of lipid phase separation effects. Atomic force microscopy revealed that rhodopsin nanodomains form similarly as that observed previously in mammalian membranes. Formation of nanodomains in ROS disc membranes is independent of lipid phase separation and conserved among vertebrates.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Unites States of America.
Tatini
T
Rakshit
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Unites States of America.
Subhadip
S
Senapati
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Unites States of America.
Satyabrata
S
Sinha
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Unites States of America.
A M
AM
Whited
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Unites States of America.
Paul S-H
PS
Park
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
D012243:Rhodopsin