Sonic hedgehog patterning during cerebellar development.
The morphogenic factor sonic hedgehog (Shh) actively orchestrates many aspects of cerebellar development and maturation. During embryogenesis, Shh signaling is active in the ventricular germinal zone (VZ) and represents an essential signal for proliferation of VZ-derived progenitors. Later, Shh secreted by Purkinje cells sustains the amplification of postnatal neurogenic niches: the external granular layer and the prospective white matter, where excitatory granule cells and inhibitory interneurons are produced, respectively. Moreover, Shh signaling affects Bergmann glial differentiation and promotes cerebellar foliation during development. Here we review the most relevant functions of Shh during cerebellar ontogenesis, underlying its role in physiological and pathological conditions.
Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.|Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Annarita
A
De Luca
Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.|Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Valentina
V
Cerrato
Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.|Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Elisa
E
Fucà
Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.|Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Elena
E
Parmigiani
Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.|Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Annalisa
A
Buffo
Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy. ketty.leto@unito.it.|Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy. ketty.leto@unito.it.
Ketty
K
Leto
D000818:Animals; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007395:Interneurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human
Cerebellum; Differentiation; Mitogen; Shh