Longitudinal Relationship Between Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study.
To understand the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and isolation.



Participants included 5,870 adults 65 years and older (M = 72.89 ± 5.59 years) from the first 5 years of the Cardiovascular Health Study. Loneliness was assessed using a dichotomized loneliness question. Social isolation was assessed using six items from the Lubben Social Network Scale. Yearly life events were included to assess abrupt social network changes. Mixed effects logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between isolation and loneliness.



Higher levels of social isolation were associated with higher odds of loneliness, as was an increase (from median) in level of social isolation. Life events such as a friend dying were also associated with increased odds of loneliness.



These results suggest that average level of isolation and increases in the level of isolation are closely tied to loneliness, which has implications for future assessment or monitoring of loneliness in older adult populations.
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA peterjo@ohsu.edu.
Johanna
J
Petersen
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
Jeffrey
J
Kaye
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
Peter G
PG
Jacobs
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
Ana
A
Quinones
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
Hiroko
H
Dodge
University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Alice
A
Arnold
University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Stephen
S
Thielke
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology*
Cardiovascular Health Study; loneliness; longitudinal methods; social isolation