[Molecular Concepts of Immunomodulation for the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas: Where are We Now?].
The introduction of molecular targeted agents has started to transform the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), leading to a significant improvement of the prognosis of patients affected by that disease. However, treatment of metastatic disease still remains challenging as almost all patients will experience tumour progression and long-term survivors are very rare. This clearly warrants a continued search for improved treatment options. In recent years, the development of new substances and treatment approaches involving the targeted activation and modulation of the immune system have moved immunotherapy back into the focus of interest. A major development is the use of checkpoint inhibitors, which enable a targeted (re)activation of T cells. The following article describes the current methods used to improve standard treatment with the established targeted substances and discusses them along with the new immunooncological approaches of checkpoint modulation in the context of the treatment of mRCC patients.
Urologische Klinik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen.
P J
PJ
Goebell
Klinik für Urologie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen.
J
J
Bedke
D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015996:Survival Rate; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D007155:Immunologic Factors; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases