In vivo optical modulation of neural signals using monolithically integrated two-dimensional neural probe arrays.
Integration of stimulation modalities (e.g. electrical, optical, and chemical) on a large array of neural probes can enable an investigation of important underlying mechanisms of brain disorders that is not possible through neural recordings alone. Furthermore, it is important to achieve this integration of multiple functionalities in a compact structure to utilize a large number of the mouse models. Here we present a successful optical modulation of in vivo neural signals of a transgenic mouse through our compact 2D MEMS neural array (optrodes). Using a novel fabrication method that embeds a lower cladding layer in a silicon substrate, we achieved a thin silicon 2D optrode array that is capable of delivering light to multiple sites using SU-8 as a waveguide core. Without additional modification to the microelectrodes, the measured impedance of the multiple microelectrodes was below 1 MΩ at 1 kHz. In addition, with a low background noise level (± 25 μV), neural spikes from different individual neurons were recorded on each microelectrode. Lastly, we successfully used our optrodes to modulate the neural activity of a transgenic mouse through optical stimulation. These results demonstrate the functionality of the 2D optrode array and its potential as a next-generation tool for optogenetic applications.
Centre for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea.
Yoojin
Y
Son
Centre for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.|School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
Hyunjoo Jenny
HJ
Lee
Centre for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
Jeongyeon
J
Kim
Centre for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, Korea.
Hyogeun
H
Shin
Centre for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
Nakwon
N
Choi
Centre for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
C Justin
CJ
Lee
Centre for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
Eui-Sung
ES
Yoon
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105, USA.
Euisik
E
Yoon
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105, USA.
Kensall D
KD
Wise
Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea.
Tae Geun
TG
Kim
Centre for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, Korea.
Il-Joo
IJ
Cho
D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015335:Molecular Probes
D015335:Molecular Probes