Enrofloxacin degradation in broiler chicken manure under various laboratory conditions.
The rate of degradation of enrofloxacin in broiler chicken manure has been characterized in the laboratory according to the CVMP guideline on determining the fate of veterinary medicinal products in manure. Degradation was followed in a flow-through system under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in the dark and in the presence of light. The rate of degradation of enrofloxacin and the formation of its degradation products are dependent on laboratory conditions. A rapid degradation of enrofloxacin in the dark was noticed, where a shorter degradation half-life under aerobic (DT50 = 59.1 days), comparing to anaerobic conditions (DT50 = 88.9 days), was determined. The presence of light slowed down the enrofloxacin degradation half-life, which was significantly shorter under aerobic (DT50 = 115.0 days), comparing to anaerobic conditions (DT50 = 190.8 days). Desethylene-enrofoxacin was the only degradation product formed, its concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 14.9 %. The concentration of the degradation product was approximately 2.5-fold higher under aerobic conditions. Enrofloxacin degradation in sterile manure incubated under sterile conditions was marginal comparing to non-sterile conditions; after 120 days of incubation, approximately 80 % of enrofloxacin was still present in manure and only 1 % of desethylene-enrofloxacin was formed. The present work demonstrates that enrofloxacin degradation in chicken manure is relatively fast when incubated in the dark under aerobic conditions which is the recommended incubation system for chicken manure according to CVMP guideline.
Krka, d. d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501, Novo mesto, Slovenia.
Marko
M
Slana
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. marija.sollner@ffa.uni-lj.si.
Marija
M
Sollner-Dolenc
D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002645:Chickens; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*
D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008372:Manure; D000077422:Enrofloxacin
Aerobic and aerobic incubation; Degradation product; Desethylene-enrofloxacin; Enrofloxacin degradation kinetics; Light/dark regime; Non-sterile and sterile conditions