Three-dimensional anthropometric analysis of the glenohumeral joint in a normal Japanese population.
BACKGROUND
An understanding of normal glenohumeral geometry is important for anatomical reconstruction in shoulder arthroplasty. Unfortunately, the details of the glenohumeral joint in Asian populations have not been sufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional geometry of the glenohumeral joint in the normal Japanese population and to clarify its morphologic features.


METHODS
Anthropometric analysis of the glenohumeral joint was performed using computed tomography scans of 160 normal shoulders from healthy Japanese volunteers. The glenohumeral dimensions and orientation were analyzed 3-dimensionally. Sex differences and correlations between sides and among the respective parameters in the glenohumeral dimensions were evaluated.


RESULTS
The normal Japanese humeral head has an average width of 41.4 mm, thickness of 13.2 mm, diameter of 42.9 mm, retroversion of 32°, and inclination of 135°. The glenoid has an average height of 31.5 mm, width of 23.1 mm, diameter of 62.0 mm, retroversion of 0°, and inferior inclination of 2°. The values of the glenohumeral dimensions were uniform in men and women, and the humeral head and glenoid were larger in men than in women. The glenohumeral size was well correlated between the 2 sides, and there were direct correlations among the heights, humeral length, humeral head size, and glenoid size.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study revealed the glenohumeral geometry in the normal Japanese population. The present results would be useful to determine the size of implants and to improve the design of shoulder prostheses that reflect the normal anatomy of the Asian glenohumeral joint.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: noboru18@gmail.com.
Noboru
N
Matsumura
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Oki
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Kiyohisa
K
Ogawa
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takuji
T
Iwamoto
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Kensuke
K
Ochi
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Kazuki
K
Sato
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takeo
T
Nagura
D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D061165:Glenoid Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D058430:Humeral Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
Shoulder morphology; computed tomography; glenoid morphology; shoulder arthroplasty; shoulder dimension; shoulder geometry; three-dimensional analysis