Use of solubilizers in preclinical formulations: Effect of Cremophor EL on the pharmacokinetic properties on early discovery compounds.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether Cremophor EL is a suitable surfactant that can be routinely applied to pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in early drug discovery without influencing the intrinsic PK characteristics of the new chemical entities (NCEs). Cremophor EL, a polyoxyl 35 castor oil, has been used as a solubilization aid for water-insoluble compounds in pre-clinical drug discovery. The effect of Cremophor EL on the PK properties of NCEs was examined in seven structurally diverse discovery compounds after intravenous administration. Significant effects of Cremophor EL on plasma volume of distribution (Vss) and plasma clearance (CL) were observed in compounds with moderate to high Vss or CL. The plasma Vss decreased more than 2-fold and the Vss binning category decreased by one unit (e.g. from moderate to low Vss) in 6 of 7 test compounds. Two to five-fold reduction of CL was observed with these 6 compounds. Effect on the terminal half-life (T1/2) was minimal. Using one of these 7 NCEs, concentration dependent effect of Cremophor EL in the vehicle was also determined. Higher percentage of Cremophor EL in vehicle resulted in progressively increased alterations on the plasma CL and Vss. Taken together, these findings indicated that Cremophor EL altered the intrinsic PK properties of these discovery compounds in a concentration dependent manner.
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR), San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: bliu@gnf.org.
Bo
B
Liu
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR), San Diego, CA, USA.
William Perry
WP
Gordon
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR), San Diego, CA, USA.
Wendy
W
Richmond
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR), San Diego, CA, USA.
Todd
T
Groessl
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR), San Diego, CA, USA.
Tove
T
Tuntland
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012997:Solvents; C000515:cremophor EL; D005990:Glycerol
Cremophor EL; Formulation; Pharmacokinetics; Surfactant