Fish protein increases circulating levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide and accelerates aortic lesion formation in apoE null mice.
METHODS
The protective effect of fish consumption on the cardiovascular system has primarily been ascribed to n-3 fatty acids, but data investigating the vascular effects of fish protein consumption are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the vascular impact of fish protein in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.


RESULTS
Male apoE null mice were fed a Western diet containing 20% fish (turbot) protein, casein, or soy protein, for 16 wk. Morphometric analysis of the aorta revealed that the atherosclerotic plaque area of fish protein fed mice was twofold larger than that in casein- or soy protein-fed mice. The percentage area of calcification deposits in plaques of fish protein fed mice was higher (7.57%) than that in casein-fed (2.86%) or soy protein-fed (3.46%) mice, and fish protein fed mice exhibited higher plaque expression of CD68, CD36, and IL-6 than the other two groups. Fish protein intake was accompanied by increased serum concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (7.03 ± 2.83 μmol/L), as compared with casein (0.92 ± 0.46 μmol/L) and soy protein (1.32 ± 0.54 μmol/L) intake.


CONCLUSIONS
The present data indicate adverse effects of fish protein on the vascular system, which could be attributable to the high serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations in these mice.
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
Narges
N
Yazdekhasti
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
Corinna
C
Brandsch
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
Nadine
N
Schmidt
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Anke
A
Schloesser
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Patricia
P
Huebbe
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Gerald
G
Rimbach
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
Gabriele I
GI
Stangl
D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008744:Methylamines / Q000097:blood*; D018345:Mice, Knockout
D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D029941:Fish Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008744:Methylamines; C005855:trimethyloxamine
Aortic lesion; Fish protein; Inflammation; Mice; Trimethylamine-N-oxide