Development of a virus-mimicking nanocarrier for drug delivery systems: The bio-nanocapsule.
As drug delivery systems, nanocarriers should be capable of executing the following functions: evasion of the host immune system, targeting to the diseased site, entering cells, escaping from endosomes, and releasing payloads into the cytoplasm. Since viruses perform some or all of these functions, they are considered naturally occurring nanocarriers. To achieve biomimicry of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), we generated the "bio-nanocapsule" (BNC)-which deploys the human hepatocyte-targeting domain, fusogenic domain, and polymerized-albumin receptor domain of HBV envelope L protein on its surface-by overexpressing the L protein in yeast cells. BNCs are capable of delivering various payloads to the cytoplasm of human hepatic cells specifically in vivo, which is achieved via formation of complexes with various materials (e.g., drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins) by electroporation, fusion with liposomes, or chemical modification. In this review, we describe BNC-related technology, discuss retargeting strategies for BNCs, and outline other virus-inspired nanocarriers.
The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
Masaharu
M
Somiya
The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. Electronic address: skuroda@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Shun'ichi
S
Kuroda
D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006801:Humans; D053769:Nanocapsules; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
C096362:L protein, hepatitis B virus; D053769:Nanocapsules; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
Active targeting; Biomimicking; Hepatitis B virus; Liposome; Membrane fusion; Virus-like particle