Endoscopic Doppler optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence imaging of peripheral pulmonary nodules and vasculature.
We present the first endoscopic Doppler optical coherence tomography and co-registered autofluorescence imaging (DOCT-AFI) of peripheral pulmonary nodules and vascular networks in vivo using a small 0.9 mm diameter catheter. Using exemplary images from volumetric data sets collected from 31 patients during flexible bronchoscopy, we demonstrate how DOCT and AFI offer complementary information that may increase the ability to locate and characterize pulmonary nodules. AFI offers a sensitive visual presentation for the rapid identification of suspicious airway sites, while co-registered OCT provides detailed structural information to assess the airway morphology. We demonstrate the ability of AFI to visualize vascular networks in vivo and validate this finding using Doppler and structural OCT. Given the advantages of higher resolution, smaller probe size, and ability to visualize vasculature, DOCT-AFI has the potential to increase diagnostic accuracy and minimize bleeding to guide biopsy of pulmonary nodules compared to radial endobronchial ultrasound, the current standard of care.
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Hamid
H
Pahlevaninezhad
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Anthony M D
AM
Lee
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Alexander
A
Ritchie
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Tawimas
T
Shaipanich
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Wei
W
Zhang
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Diana N
DN
Ionescu
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Geoffrey
G
Hohert
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Calum
C
MacAulay
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Stephen
S
Lam
Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.
Pierre
P
Lane
(170.0110) Imaging systems; (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.2520) Fluorescence microscopy; (170.4500) Optical coherence tomography