Predictors of depression and anxiety during adolescence: the impact of birth weight.
BACKGROUND
A complex association has been observed between birth weight (BW) and depression/anxiety symptoms at various stages of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adolescents with low or insufficient BW were more likely to report depressive/anxiety symptoms.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 adolescents (40 boys and 62 girls).


RESULTS
Our results demonstrated that the incidence of depressive symptoms was 63% in the first BW quartile and 20% in the fourth quartile. Similarly, we observed that anxiety symptoms were present in 83% of the adolescents in the first BW quartile, followed by 36% in the fourth BW quartile. After adjustment, our study identified potential risk factors that were associated with anxiety symptoms, including female gender (P=0.026) and having a BW in the first quartile (P=0.049). Moreover, the adjusted odds of having depression were 4.5 times higher in adolescents with BW in the lowest quartile (P=0.035). We also found that the incidence of depressive symptoms among females was 61% in the first BW quartile and 30% in the fourth BW quartile and that it was 67% versus 12%, respectively, among males. Finally, a model that used anxiety symptoms as the dependent variable produced similar data.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that a deleterious fetal environment appears to have a significant impact on psychiatric issues.
Division of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fernanda
F
Costa Machado
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria S
MS
Souza Vitalle
Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil - maria.franco@unifesp.br.
Maria
M
Franco
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires