Alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation procedure: part-2 - CBCT 3D analysis in non-human primate model.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ridge preservation involving novel devices used for obturation of socket orifice (Socket cap; SocketKAP(™) ) and resorbable cage used for space maintenance in sites with facial wall dehiscence (Socket cage; SocketKAGE(™) ).


METHODS
Eight teeth were extracted in each of six Macaca fascicularis non-human primates. Six intervention groups consisted of the following: Group A: intact socket negative control. Group B: intact socket: socket cap. Group C: intact socket filled with anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + socket cap. Group D: dehiscence: negative control. Group E: dehiscence: socket cap + socket cage. Group F: dehiscence: filled with ABBM + socket cap + socket cage. CBCT scans were obtained preoperatively and at 6 and 12 weeks following intervention. The pre- and postoperative scans were superimposed, to quantify 3D volumetric alveolar bone changes.


RESULTS
Volumetric bone loss occurred in all sockets, not only within the cretal zone (0-3 mm) to the ridge crest, as has been commonly reported by other investigators, but significant bone loss was also detected in the zone which was 3-6 mm apical to the alveolar crest. For intact sockets, socket cap + ABBM led to significantly greater percentages of remaining bone volume when compared to groups A and B. A significant difference favoring socket cap + socket cage + ABBM treatment was observed for sockets with facial dehiscence defects compared to groups D and E.


CONCLUSIONS
Socket cap in conjunction with ABBM appears effective in limiting post-extraction volumetric bone loss in intact sockets, while socket cap + socket cage + ABBM appears effective in limiting post-extraction bone loss in sockets with dehiscence defects.
Dental Research Center (DRC) and Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit (TEBRU), Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Mostafa
M
Omran
Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Seiko
S
Min
Dental Research Center (DRC) and Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit (TEBRU), Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Alaa
A
Abdelhamid
Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Yi
Y
Liu
Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Homayoun H
HH
Zadeh
D020341:Absorbable Implants; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D023421:Models, Animal; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*
3D imaging; alveolar bone; bone substitutes; extraction socket; wound healing