A multivariate approach using attenuated total reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy to measure the surface mannoproteins and β-glucans of yeast cell walls during wine fermentations.
Yeast cells possess a cell wall comprising primarily glycoproteins, mannans, and glucan polymers. Several yeast phenotypes relevant for fermentation, wine processing, and wine quality are correlated with cell wall properties. To investigate the effect of wine fermentation on cell wall composition, a study was performed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate methods (i.e., PCA and OPLS-DA). A total of 40 yeast strains were evaluated, including Saccharomyces strains (laboratory and industrial) and non-Saccharomyces species. Cells were fermented in both synthetic MS300 and Chardonnay grape must to stationery phase, processed, and scanned in the MIR spectrum. PCA of the fingerprint spectral region showed distinct separation of Saccharomyces strains from non-Saccharomyces species; furthermore, industrial wine yeast strains separated from laboratory strains. PCA loading plots and the use of OPLS-DA to the data sets suggested that industrial strains were enriched with cell wall proteins (e.g., mannoproteins), whereas laboratory strains were composed mainly of mannan and glucan polymers.
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
John P
JP
Moore
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Song-Lei
SL
Zhang
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Hélène
H
Nieuwoudt
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Benoit
B
Divol
Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , Umeå 901 87, Sweden.
Johan
J
Trygg
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Florian F
FF
Bauer
D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D047071:beta-Glucans; C025363:mannoproteins
glucans; mannoproteins; multivariate analysis; spectroscopy; wine fermentation; yeast cell wall