Naturally Occurring Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Dermal Regeneration: Do They Really Need Cells?
The pronounced effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds in supporting tissue regeneration is related mainly to their maintained 3D structure and their bioactive components. These decellularized matrix scaffolds could be revitalized before grafting via adding stem cells, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes to promote wound healing. We reviewed the online published literature in the last five years for the studies that performed ECM revitalization and discussed the results of these studies and the related literature. Eighteen articles met the search criteria. Twelve studies included adding cells to acellular dermal matrix (ADM), 3 studies were on small intestinal mucosa (SIS), one study was on urinary bladder matrix (UBM), one study was on amniotic membrane, and one study included both SIS and ADM loaded constructs. We believe that, in chronic and difficult-to-heal wounds, revitalizing the ECM scaffolds would be beneficial to overcome the defective host tissue interaction. This belief still has to be verified by high quality randomised clinical trials, which are still lacking in literature.
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21111, Egypt ; Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
A M
AM
Eweida
Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21111, Egypt.
M K
MK
Marei
D062088:Acellular Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing