Barriers to promote cardiovascular health in community pharmacies: a systematic review.
Community pharmacists play an important role in the provision of health promotion services, and community pharmacies are considered as a potentially ideal site for cardiovascular health promotion. Information based on a systematic review of barriers to promoting cardiovascular health in community pharmacy is currently lacking. We have sought to identify the most important barriers to cardiovascular health promotion in the community pharmacy. We have systematically searched PubMed and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts for a period of 15 years from 1 April 1998 to 1 April 2013, contacted subject experts and hand-searched bibliographies. We have included peer-reviewed articles, with English abstracts in the analysis, if they reported community pharmacists' perceptions of the barriers to cardiovascular health promotion activities in a community pharmacy setting. Two reviewers have independently extracted study characteristics and data. We identified 24 studies that satisfy the eligibility criteria. The main barriers to cardiovascular health promotion in the community pharmacy included pharmacist-related factors; practice site factors; financial factors; legal factors; and patient-related factors. This review will help to provide reliable evidence for health promotion practitioners of the barriers to promoting cardiovascular health in the community pharmacy setting. This knowledge is valuable for the improvement of cardiovascular health promotion in this setting and guiding future research.
Cristina Cabiró Community Pharmacy, Pamplona, Spain.
María Del Mar
MDM
Alonso-Perales
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Berta
B
Lasheras
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Guadalupe
G
Beitia
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Idoia
I
Beltrán
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Beatriz
B
Marcos
Division of Biostatistics, Research Support Service, Central Clinical Trials Unit, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Epidemiology and Public Health Area. Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Spain.
Jorge M
JM
Núñez-Córdoba
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*
cardiovascular; health knowledge promotion; prevention; public health