Computational reconstitution of spine calcium transients from individual proteins.
We have built a stochastic model in the program MCell that simulates Ca(2+) transients in spines from the principal molecular components believed to control Ca(2+) entry and exit. Proteins, with their kinetic models, are located within two segments of dendrites containing 88 intact spines, centered in a fully reconstructed 6 × 6 × 5 μm(3) cube of hippocampal neuropil. Protein components include AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors, L- and R-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers, plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPases, smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPases, immobile Ca(2+) buffers, and calbindin. Kinetic models for each protein were taken from published studies of the isolated proteins in vitro. For simulation of electrical stimuli, the time course of voltage changes in the dendritic spine was generated with the desired stimulus in the program NEURON. Voltage-dependent parameters were then continuously re-adjusted during simulations in MCell to reproduce the effects of the stimulus. Nine parameters of the model were optimized within realistic experimental limits by a process that compared results of simulations to published data. We find that simulations in the optimized model reproduce the timing and amplitude of Ca(2+) transients measured experimentally in intact neurons. Thus, we demonstrate that the characteristics of individual isolated proteins determined in vitro can accurately reproduce the dynamics of experimentally measured Ca(2+) transients in spines. The model will provide a test bed for exploring the roles of additional proteins that regulate Ca(2+) influx into spines and for studying the behavior of protein targets in the spine that are regulated by Ca(2+) influx.
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla, CA, USA ; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Thomas M
TM
Bartol
Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Neurosciences Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Daniel X
DX
Keller
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla, CA, USA.
Justin P
JP
Kinney
Department of Computer Science, Center for Computational Visualization, University of Texas Austin, TX, USA.
Chandrajit L
CL
Bajaj
Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas Austin, TX, USA.
Kristen M
KM
Harris
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla, CA, USA ; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Terrence J
TJ
Sejnowski
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA.
Mary B
MB
Kennedy
calcium channels; calcium pumps; dendritic spines; synaptic calcium; synaptic plasticity