Intermittent High-Dose Intravenous Interferon Alfa-2b for Adjuvant Treatment of Stage III Melanoma: Final Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group Trial.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and quality of life (QoL) in patients receiving intravenous, intermittent high-dose interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b [iHDI]) compared with standard high-dose IFN-α-2b (HDI).


METHODS
Patients with stage III resected lymph node or in-transit metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma were randomly assigned to receive either a standard HDI regimen or three courses of IFN-α-2b 20 MIU/m(2) administered intravenously 5 days a week for 4 weeks then repeated every 4 months. Distant metastasis-free survival was the primary end point for efficacy analysis. In addition, relapse-free survival, overall survival, safety as determined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria, and QoL were secondary end points.


RESULTS
Of 649 patients enrolled, 22 patients were excluded from the intent-to-treat analysis. The remaining 627 patients were well balanced between the arms according to sex, age, and stage. After a median follow-up of 55 months, a multivariable Cox model revealed no significant differences for distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; P = .12) or overall survival (HR, 1.01; P = .85). In contrast, the difference for relapse-free survival was significant (HR, 1.27; P = .03), favoring standard HDI. Early termination of treatment because of adverse events or QoL occurred significantly more often with HDI than with iHDI (26.0% v 14.8%; P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Although the safety and QoL profiles for the intermittent regimen were favorable, no significant difference was observed for survival while the HR for relapse with iHDI was increased. Therefore, an iHDI regimen, as tested here, cannot be recommended as adjuvant treatment for high-risk melanoma.
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. peter.mohr@elbekliniken.de.
Peter
P
Mohr
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Axel
A
Hauschild
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Uwe
U
Trefzer
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Alexander
A
Enk
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Wolfgang
W
Tilgen
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Carmen
C
Loquai
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Helen
H
Gogas
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Thomas
T
Haalck
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Josef
J
Koller
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Reinhard
R
Dummer
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ralf
R
Gutzmer
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Norbert
N
Brockmeyer
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Erhard
E
Hölzle
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Cord
C
Sunderkötter
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Cornelia
C
Mauch
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Annette
A
Stein
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Lars A
LA
Schneider
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Maurizio
M
Podda
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Daniela
D
Göppner
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Dirk
D
Schadendorf
Peter Mohr, Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude; Axel Hauschild and Michael Weichenthal, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Uwe Trefzer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Alexander Enk, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Wolfgang Tilgen, University Hospital, Homburg/Saarland; Carmen Loquai, University of Mainz, Mainz; Thomas Haalck, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Norbert Brockmeyer, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum; Erhard Hölzle, Oldenburg Hospital, Oldenburg; Cord Sunderkötter, University of Münster, Münster; Cornelia Mauch, University of Cologne, Cologne; Annette Stein, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Lars A. Schneider, University of Ulm, Ulm; Maurizio Podda, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt; Daniela G[uml]oppner, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg; Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Helen Gogas, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece; Josef Koller, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Reinhard Dummer, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Michael
M
Weichenthal
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult; D000096142:Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins