Intestinal Microbiota Metabolism and Atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to summarize the relationship between intestinal microbiota metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to propose a novel CVD therapeutic target.


METHODS
This study was based on data obtained from PubMed and EMBASE up to June 30, 2015. Articles were selected using the following search terms: "Intestinal microbiota", "trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)", "trimethylamine (TMA)", "cardiovascular", and "atherosclerosis".


METHODS
Studies were eligible if they present information on intestinal microbiota metabolism and atherosclerosis. Studies on TMA-containing nutrients were also included.


RESULTS
A new CVD risk factor, TMAO, was recently identified. It has been observed that several TMA-containing compounds may be catabolized by specific intestinal microbiota, resulting in TMA release. TMA is subsequently converted to TMAO in the liver. Several preliminary studies have linked TMAO to CVD, particularly atherosclerosis; however, the details of this relationship remain unclear.


CONCLUSIONS
Intestinal microbiota metabolism is associated with atherosclerosis and may represent a promising therapeutic target with respect to CVD management.
Tian-Xing
TX
Liu
Hai-Tao
HT
Niu
Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Shu-Yang
SY
Zhang
D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008744:Methylamines / Q000378:metabolism
D008744:Methylamines; C005855:trimethyloxamine; C023336:trimethylamine