Comparative genomic analysis and phenazine production of Pseudomonas chlororaphis, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that produces phenazine-1-carboxamide with high yield, was compared with three genomic sequenced P. chlororaphis strains, GP72, 30-84 and O6. The genome sizes of four strains vary from 6.66 to 7.30 Mb. Comparisons of predicted coding sequences indicated 4833 conserved genes in 5869-6455 protein-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four strains are closely related to each other. Its competitive colonization indicates that P. chlororaphis can adapt well to its environment. No virulence or virulence-related factor was found in P. chlororaphis. All of the four strains could synthesize antimicrobial metabolites including different phenazines and insecticidal protein FitD. Some genes related to the regulation of phenazine biosynthesis were detected among the four strains. It was shown that P. chlororaphis is a safe PGPR in agricultural application and could also be used to produce some phenazine antibiotics with high-yield.
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Yawen
Y
Chen
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Xuemei
X
Shen
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Huasong
H
Peng
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Hongbo
H
Hu
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Wei
W
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Xuehong
X
Zhang
2-OH-PHZ, 2-hydroxyphenazine; AAI, amino acid identity; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate; Acr, achromobactin; Anti-bacterial activity; COGs, Clusters of Orthologous Groups; Comparative genomics; Fit, P. fluorescens insecticidal toxin; GI, genomic island; HCN, hydrogen cyanide; HPR, 2-hexyl-5-propyl-alkylresorcinol; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; MCP, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; MLSA, multilocus sequence analysis; Mcf, makes caterpillars floppy; PAA, phenylacetic acid; PCA, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid; PCN, phenazine-1-carboxamide; PGPR, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; PQQ, pyrroloquinoline quinine; Phenazines; Prn, pyrrolnitrin; Pseudomonas; Pvd, pyoverdin; Rhizosphere colonization; Tad pili, type IVb tight adherence pili; mGS, mGenomeSubtractor