Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oil Extracted from Pinus morrisonicola Hay Needles by Supercritical Fluid and Identification of Possible Active Compounds by GC/MS.
Pine (Pinus morrisonicola Hay, PM) needles have been used as folk medicine for their antihypertension and lipid-lowering effects. As supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is considered an ideal technique for the extraction of essential oil from plant materials, the present work investigated the optimal SFE conditions and the protective effects of different resulting fractions of PM needles on lipid peroxidation and foam cell production in macrophages. Nine PM needle extracts (PME1-9) were obtained in 1%-4% yields using different SFE conditions, of which PME1 had the lowest yield (1.1%) and PME3 the highest (3.9%). PME3 exhibited lower cytotoxic effects and stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and formation of foam cell in RAW 264.7 macrophages than those of other PME extracts. PME3-1 purified from PME3 by column and thin layer chromatography inhibited LDL oxidation more effectively than did PME3 in a cell-free system oxidized by Cu(2+). PME3-1 dose-dependently (25-100 μg/mL) decreased conjugated diene levels and foam cell formation induced by ox-LDL. GC/MS analyses revealed that 1-docosene, neophytadiene, and methyl abietate were increased 5.2-, 1.7- and 4.3-fold in PME3-1 relative to PME3. A new hydrocarbon compound, cedrane-8,13-diol, was identified in PME3-1. Overall, the present study demonstrates the optimal extraction conditions of SFE of PM and identifies the most potent antioxidant fractions and possible active compounds in PM.
Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. m25522@yahoo.com.tw.
Ming-Ching
MC
Cheng
Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. transwen@dragon.ccut.edu.tw.
Wen-Hua
WH
Chang
Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. ccwlly@dragon.ccut.edu.tw.
Chih-Wei
CW
Chen
Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. wf09060225@yahoo.com.tw.
Wen-Wing
WW
Li
Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. president@dragon.ccut.edu.tw.
Chin-Yin
CY
Tseng
Department of Bioindustry Technology, Dayeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. song77@mail.dyu.edu.tw.
Tuzz-Ying
TY
Song
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile
Pinus morrisonicola Hay; essential oil; foam cell formation; lipid peroxidation; supercritical fluid extract