Evaluation in a Dog Model of Three Antimicrobial Glassy Coatings: Prevention of Bone Loss around Implants and Microbial Assessments.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study is to evaluate, in a ligature-induced peri-implantitis model, the efficacy of three antimicrobial glassy coatings in the prevention of biofilm formation, intrasulcular bacterial growth and the resulting peri-implant bone loss.


METHODS
Mandibular premolars were bilaterally extracted from five beagle dogs. Four dental implants were inserted on each hemiarch. Eight weeks after, one control zirconia abutment and three with different bactericidal coatings (G1n-Ag, ZnO35, G3) were connected. After a plaque control period, bacterial accumulation was allowed and biofilm formation on abutments was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Peri-implantitis was induced by cotton ligatures. Microbial samples and peri-implant crestal bone levels of all implant sites were obtained before, during and after the breakdown period.


RESULTS
During experimental induce peri-implantitis: colony forming units counts from intrasulcular microbial samples at implants with G1n-Ag coated abutment remained close to the basal inoculum; G3 and ZnO35 coatings showed similar low counts; and anaerobic bacterias counts at control abutments exhibited a logarithmic increase by more than 2. Bone loss during passive breakdown period was no statistically significant. Additional bone loss occurred during ligature-induce breakdown: 0.71 (SD 0.48) at G3 coating, 0.57 (SD 0.36) at ZnO35 coating, 0.74 (SD 0.47) at G1n-Ag coating, and 1.29 (SD 0.45) at control abutments; and statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found. The lowest bone loss at the end of the experiment was exhibited by implants dressing G3 coated abutments (mean 2.1; SD 0.42).


CONCLUSIONS
Antimicrobial glassy coatings could be a useful tool to ward off, diminish or delay peri-implantitis progression.
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Asturias, Spain.
Roberto
R
López-Píriz
Advance Surgery Center Institute (ICOA), Madrid, Spain.
Eva
E
Solá-Linares
Private Practice in Dentistry, Madrid, Spain.
Mercedes
M
Rodriguez-Portugal
Private Practice in Dentistry, Madrid, Spain.
Beatriz
B
Malpica
Minimally Invasive Surgery Center (CCMIJU), Cáceres, Spain.
Idoia
I
Díaz-Güemes
Minimally Invasive Surgery Center (CCMIJU), Cáceres, Spain.
Silvia
S
Enciso
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Leticia
L
Esteban-Tejeda
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Asturias, Spain.
Belén
B
Cabal
Preventive Medicine Unit, Infanta Mercedes Hospital, Parla, Spain.
Juan José
JJ
Granizo
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Asturias, Spain.
José Serafín
JS
Moya
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Asturias, Spain.
Ramón
R
Torrecillas
D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000382:microbiology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004285:Dogs; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D015921:Dental Implants; D010087:Oxides; D012834:Silver; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide