Management of Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered to be a secondary form of hypertension and in clinical practice OSA is frequently associated with hypertension, even if proof of causality cannot be established. Growing evidence suggests that OSA is associated with worse blood pressure control, alterations in night-time blood pressure dipping, increased target organ damage, and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension. This review summarizes the current evidence for managing hypertension in patients with OSA. Particular focus will be devoted to discuss the impact of lifestyle changes, preferences for anti-hypertensive treatment in patients with OSA, and the effects of OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure.
Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44, 05403-904, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Sofia F
SF
Furlan
Hypertension Unit, Renal Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Caio V
CV
Braz
Sleep Laboratory, Pulmonary Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Geraldo
G
Lorenzi-Filho
Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44, 05403-904, Sao Paulo, Brazil. luciano.drager@incor.usp.br.|Hypertension Unit, Renal Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. luciano.drager@incor.usp.br.
Luciano F
LF
Drager
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
CPAP; Cardiovascular disease; Hypertension; Sleep apnea; Treatment