Safety and Efficacy of Immediate Rotational Atherectomy in Nondilatable Calcified Coronary Lesions Complicated by Coronary Artery Dissection (RAISE).
OBJECTIVE
To examine the safety and efficacy of immediate rotational atherectomy (RA) in nondilatable calcified coronary lesions complicated by coronary dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


BACKGROUND
In the presence of coronary dissection in nondilatable calcified coronary lesions, conservative management is suggested to permit the dissection to heal prior to treatment with RA. However, many patients have frequent angina attacks and some patients develop serious complications during this period.


METHODS
One hundred and nighty-eight patients with severe coronary calcification underwent PCI, and were randomized into immediate (n = 105) or delayed RA group (n = 93) when coronary dissections occur. The primary endpoint of the present study was all-cause death including cardiac and non-cardiac death in 4 years follow-up. Non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, stroke, target lesion revascularization, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure were analyzed as secondary end points.


RESULTS
At a follow-up of 4 years, event-free survival rates were not statistically different between the immediate and delayed RA group (81.9% vs 80.6%, P = 0.820). Rates of PCI- and RA-related major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and severe RA-related complications were not statistically different between groups. Luminal loss was not significantly different between the immediate and delayed RA group as evaluated by Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Two cases in the delayed RA group experienced myocardial infarction during the 4-week waiting.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that immediate RA during PCI is safe and effective in patients with coronary artery dissection.
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Dongwei
D
Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Jianqiang
J
Hu
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Wanrong
W
Man
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Tingting
T
Wang
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Mingming
M
Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Jie
J
Lin
Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Kazim
K
Narsinh
Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Lei
L
Zhang
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Chengxiang
C
Li
Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Dongdong
D
Sun
D000368:Aged; D017225:Atherectomy, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002681:China; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery