CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique and its application in site-directed genome modification of animals.
CRISPR/Cas system, which uses CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to guide Cas nuclease to silence invading nucleic acids, is self-defense system against exogenous virus or plasmid in bacteria and archaea. Through molecular modification, the typeⅡCRISPR/Cas system has become a highly efficient site-directed genome editing technique, which is simpler than zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs) and easier to be designed and applied. In this review, we summarize the evolutionary history of CRISPR/Cas9 system, the working principle and modification process of type Ⅱ CRISPR/Cas and its application in animal genome modification. We also analyze the existing problems and improvement program of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as well as its application prospect combined with successful cases, which may provide innovative perspectives on improving animal traits and establishing animal models of human diseases.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Jin-wei
JW
Zhou
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Qi-pin
QP
Xu
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Jing
J
Yao
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Shu-min
SM
Yu
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Sui-zhong
SZ
Cao
D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results