Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation as a Probe of Antifreeze (Glyco) Protein-Inspired Ice Recrystallization Inhibition and Identification of New IRI Active Macromolecules.
Antifreeze (glyco)proteins are found in polar fish species and act to slow the rate of growth of ice crystals; a property known as ice recrystallization inhibition. The ability to slow ice growth is of huge technological importance especially in the cryopreservation of donor cells and tissue, but native antifreeze proteins are often not suitable, nor easily available. Therefore, the search for new materials that mimic this function is important, but currently limited by the low-throughout assays associated with the antifreeze properties. Here 30 nm gold nanoparticles are demonstrated to be useful colorimetric probes for ice recrystallization inhibition, giving a visible optical response and is compatible with 96 well plates for high-throughout studies. This method is faster, requires less infrastructure, and has easier interpretation than the currently used 'splat' methods. Using this method, a series of serum proteins were identified to have weak, but specific ice recrystallization inhibition activity, which was removed upon denaturation. It is hoped that high-throughput tools such as this will accelerate the discovery of new antifreeze mimics.
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.|MOAC DTC, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Daniel E
DE
Mitchell
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Thomas
T
Congdon
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Alison
A
Rodger
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Matthew I
MI
Gibson
D000818:Animals; D021301:Antifreeze Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003460:Crystallization; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D007053:Ice; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry
D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D007053:Ice; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D006046:Gold; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol