Use of Insulin Lispro Protamine Suspension in Pregnancy.
Maternal metabolism changes substantially during pregnancy, which poses numerous challenges to physicians managing pregnancy in women with diabetes. Insulin is the agent of choice for glycemic control in pregnant women with diabetes, and the insulin analogs are particularly interesting for use in pregnancy. These agents may reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and promote a more physiological glycemic profile than regular human insulin in pregnant women with type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), or gestational (GDM) diabetes. However, there have been concerns regarding potential risk for crossing the placental barrier, mitogenic stimulation, teratogenicity, and embryotoxicity. Insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS), an intermediate- to long-acting insulin, has a stable and predictable pharmacological profile, and appears to have a favorable time-action profile and produce desirable basal and postprandial glycemic control. As the binding of insulin lispro is unaffected by the protamine molecule, ILPS is likely to have the same mitogenic and immunogenic potential as insulin lispro. Insulin lispro produces similar outcomes to regular insulin in pregnant women with T1D, T2D, or GDM, does not cross the placental barrier, and is considered a useful treatment option for pregnant women with diabetes. Clinical data support the usefulness of ILPS for basal insulin coverage in non-pregnant patients with T1D or T2D, and suggest that the optimal regimen, in terms of balance between efficacy and hypoglycemic risk, is a once-daily injection, especially in patients with T2D. Available data concerning use of ILPS in pregnant women are currently derived from retrospective analyses that involved, in total, >1200 pregnant women. These analyses suggest that ILPS is at least as safe and effective as neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin. Thus, available experimental and clinical data suggest that ILPS once daily is a safe and effective option for the management of diabetes in pregnant women.
DPT Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. annunziata.lapolla@unipd.it.
Annunziata
A
Lapolla
DPT Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Maria Grazia
MG
Dalfrà
Medical Department, Eli Lilly Italia S.p.A., via Gramsci, 731, Sesto f.no, FI, Italy.
Ester
E
Romoli
DPT Medicine, Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Matteo
M
Bonomo
DPT Medicine, Verona University, Verona, Italy.
Paolo
P
Moghetti
D001786:Blood Glucose; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061268:Insulin Lispro / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting
Fetal outcome; Gestational diabetes; Insulin lispro protamine suspension; Maternal outcome; Pregestational diabetes; Pregnancy