Food matrix and processing influence on carotenoid bioaccessibility and lipophilic antioxidant activity of fruit juice-based beverages.
The biological activity of carotenoids depends on their bioaccessibility and solubilization in the gastrointestinal tract. These compounds are poorly dispersed in the aqueous media of the digestive tract due to their lipophilic nature. Thus, it is important to analyze the extent to which some factors, such as the food matrix and food processing, may improve their bioaccessibility. Beverages formulated with a blend of fruit juices and water (WB), milk (MB) or soymilk (SB) were treated by high-intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) (35 kV cm(-1) with 4 μs bipolar pulses at 200 Hz for 1800 μs), high-pressure processing (HPP) (400 MPa at 40 °C for 5 min) or thermal treatment (TT) (90 °C for 1 min) in order to evaluate the influence of food matrix and processing on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and on the lipophilic antioxidant activity (LAA). The bioaccessibility of these compounds diminished after applying any treatment (HIPEF, HPP and TT), with the exception of cis-violaxanthin + neoxanthin, which increased by 79% in HIPEF and HPP beverages. The lowest carotenoid bioaccessibility was always obtained in TT beverages (losses up to 63%). MB was the best food matrix for improving the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, as well as the LAA. The results demonstrate that treatment and food matrix modulated the bioaccessibility of carotenoids as well as the lipophilic antioxidant potential of beverages. Additionally, HIPEF and HPP could be considered as promising technologies to obtain highly nutritional and functional beverages.
Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain. omartin@tecal.udl.es.
María Janeth
MJ
Rodríguez-Roque
Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Begoña
B
de Ancos
Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain. omartin@tecal.udl.es.
Rogelio
R
Sánchez-Vega
Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Concepción
C
Sánchez-Moreno
Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, SIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
M Pilar
MP
Cano
Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain. omartin@tecal.udl.es.
Pedro
P
Elez-Martínez
Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain. omartin@tecal.udl.es.
Olga
O
Martín-Belloso
D029042:Actinidia; D031230:Ananas; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D031022:Mangifera; D008892:Milk; D041942:Soy Milk
D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids