Low cytoplasmic casein kinase 1 epsilon expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is a member of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family, which comprises highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinases. Recent studies have demonstrated that CK1ε plays a role in human cancers; however, the role of CK1ε in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The study used immunohistochemistry to examine CK1ε expression in 230 HCC specimens by tissue microarray (TMA) and assessed the effect of CK1ε knockdown on migration of human hepatoma cells in vitro. The immunohistochemical analyses showed that low CK1ε expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.008), T classification (p = 0.016), tumor vascular invasion (p = 0.002), and cancer stage (p = 0.010). The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that patients with low CK1ε expression had a considerably lower OS rate than that of the patients with high CK1ε expression (p = 0.041, hazard ratio = 1.4; p = 0.039, hazard ratio = 1.4). Moreover, CK1ε small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment exerted an invasion-promoting effect in human hepatoma cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that low CK1ε expression is correlated with a low survival rate and CK1ε may play a role as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Shu-Hui
SH
Lin
Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Chung-Min
CM
Yeh
Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan.|Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Ming-Ju
MJ
Hsieh
Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Yueh-Min
YM
Lin
Tumor Center, Chang Hua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.|Department of Information Management, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua County, Taiwan.
Mei-Wen
MW
Chen
Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chih-Jung
CJ
Chen
Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
Cheng-Yu
CY
Lin
Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Hsiao-Fang
HF
Hung
Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan. 10159@cch.org.tw.|Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. 10159@cch.org.tw.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 10159@cch.org.tw.
Kun-Tu
KT
Yeh
Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan. ysf@csmu.edu.tw.|Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. ysf@csmu.edu.tw.
Shun-Fa
SF
Yang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D055815:Young Adult
D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon
Casein kinase 1 epsilon; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Migration; Tissue microarray