CIED infection with either pocket or systemic infection presentation--complete device removal and long-term antibiotic treatment; long-term outcome.
OBJECTIVE
Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are increasing in numbers. The objective was to review the clinical presentation and outcome in patients affected with CIED infections with either local pocket or systemic presentation.


METHODS
All device removals due to CIED infection during the period from 2005 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. CIED infections were categorized as systemic or pocket infections. Treatment included complete removal of the device, followed by antibiotic treatment of six weeks.


RESULTS
Seventy-one device removals due to infection (32 systemic and 39 pocket infections) were recorded during the study period. Median follow-up time was 26 (IQR 9-41) months, 30 day and 12 month mortality were 4% and 14%, respectively. There was no long-term difference in mortality between patients with pocket vs. systemic infection (p = 0.48). During follow-up no relapses and two cases of new infections were noted (2.8%).


CONCLUSIONS
CIED infection with systemic or pocket infection was difficult to distinguish in clinical presentation and outcome. Complete device removal and antibiotic treatment of long duration was safe and without relapses.
a Department of Cardiology , The Heart Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet , Denmark .
Nikolaj
N
Ihlemann
a Department of Cardiology , The Heart Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet , Denmark .
Michael
M
Møller-Hansen
b Department of Infectious Diseases and.
Kirsten
K
Salado-Rasmussen
a Department of Cardiology , The Heart Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet , Denmark .
Regitze
R
Videbæk
c Department of Clinical Microbiology , University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet , Denmark , and.
Claus
C
Moser
d Department of Cardiology , Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen , Denmark.
Kasper
K
Iversen
a Department of Cardiology , The Heart Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet , Denmark .
Henning
H
Bundgaard
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
CIED infection; antibiotic regimen; long-term follow-up