DNA Barcoding of Neotropical Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): Species Identification and Discovery within Brazil.
DNA barcoding has been an effective tool for species identification in several animal groups. Here, we used DNA barcoding to discriminate between 47 morphologically distinct species of Brazilian sand flies. DNA barcodes correctly identified approximately 90% of the sampled taxa (42 morphologically distinct species) using clustering based on neighbor-joining distance, of which four species showed comparatively higher maximum values of divergence (range 4.23-19.04%), indicating cryptic diversity. The DNA barcodes also corroborated the resurrection of two species within the shannoni complex and provided an efficient tool to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable females of closely related species. Taken together, our results validate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for species identification and the discovery of cryptic diversity in sand flies from Brazil.
Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Israel de Souza
Ide S
Pinto
Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Bruna Dias das
BD
Chagas
Lab. de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Andressa Alencastre Fuzari
AA
Rodrigues
Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Adelson Luiz
AL
Ferreira
Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Helder Ricas
HR
Rezende
Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular - INCT-EM/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rafaela Vieira
RV
Bruno
Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Aloisio
A
Falqueto
Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Augusto de Lima Ave. 1715, 30190002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
José Dilermando
JD
Andrade-Filho
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, USP, Dr. Arnaldo Cerqueira Cesar Ave. 715, 01246904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Eunice Aparecida Bianchi
EA
Galati
Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Augusto de Lima Ave. 1715, 30190002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Paloma Helena Fernandes
PH
Shimabukuro
Lab. de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Reginaldo Peçanha
RP
Brazil
Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Alexandre Afranio
AA
Peixoto
D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D005260:Female; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
D004247:DNA