Vitamin D Status at Birth and Future Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder have lower levels of Vitamin D3 at birth than matched controls.


METHODS
Umbilical cord blood samples collected at birth from 202 children later diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder were analysed for vitamin D content and compared with 202 matched controls. 25-OH vitamin D3 was analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.


RESULTS
No differences in cord blood vitamin D concentration were found between children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (median 13.0 ng/ml) and controls (median 13.5 ng/ml) (p = 0.43). In a logistic regression analysis, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder showed a significant association with maternal age (odds ratio: 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.92-0.99) but not with vitamin D levels (odds ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-1.02).


CONCLUSIONS
We found no difference in intrauterine vitamin D levels between children later developing Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and matched control children. However, the statistical power of the study was too weak to detect an eventual small to medium size association between vitamin D levels and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Peik
P
Gustafsson
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Lars
L
Rylander
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Christian H
CH
Lindh
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Bo A G
BA
Jönsson
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Amanda
A
Ode
Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Per
P
Olofsson
Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Lund University/CRC, Malmö, Sweden.
Sten A
SA
Ivarsson
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Anna
A
Rignell-Hydbom
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Nils
N
Haglund
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproduction Epidemiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Karin
K
Källén
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
D014807:Vitamin D