Therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a cell-free modality for targeted cancer therapy.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based T-cell adoptive immunotherapy is a distinctively promising therapy for cancer. The engineering of CARs into T cells provides T cells with tumor-targeting capabilities and intensifies their cytotoxic activity through stimulated cell expansion and enhanced cytokine production. As a novel and potent therapeutic modality, there exists some uncontrollable processes which are the potential sources of adverse events. As an extension of this impactful modality, CAR-T cell-derived exosomes may substitute CAR-T cells to act as ultimate attackers, thereby overcoming some limitations. Exosomes retain most characteristics of parent cells and play an essential role in intercellular communications via transmitting their cargo to recipient cells. The application of CAR-T cell-derived exosomes will make this cell-based therapy more clinically controllable as it also provides a cell-free platform to diversify anticancer mediators, which responds effectively to the complexity and volatility of cancer. It is believed that the appropriate application of both cellular and exosomal platforms will make this effective treatment more practicable.
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Xiang-Jun
XJ
Tang
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, China.
Xu-Yong
XY
Sun
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Kuan-Ming
KM
Huang
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Li
L
Zhang
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Zhuo-Shun
ZS
Yang
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Dan-Dan
DD
Zou
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.|The Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Bin
B
Wang
Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Garth L
GL
Warnock
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.|Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Long-Jun
LJ
Dai
Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
Jie
J
Luo
D000818:Animals; D002474:Cell-Free System; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*
D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
cancer therapy; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR); exosomes; extracellular vesicles; immunotherapy