How Is Fe-S Cluster Formation Regulated?
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are fundamental to numerous biological processes in most organisms, but these protein cofactors can be prone to damage by various oxidants (e.g., O2, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species) and toxic levels of certain metals (e.g., cobalt and copper). Furthermore, their synthesis can also be directly influenced by the level of available iron in the environment. Consequently, the cellular need for Fe-S cluster biogenesis varies with fluctuating growth conditions. To accommodate changes in Fe-S demand, microorganisms employ diverse regulatory strategies to tailor Fe-S cluster biogenesis according to their surroundings. Here, we review the mechanisms that regulate Fe-S cluster formation in bacteria, primarily focusing on control of the Isc and Suf Fe-S cluster biogenesis systems in the model bacterium Escherichia coli.
Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, email: elmettert@wisc.edu , pjkiley@wisc.edu.
Erin L
EL
Mettert
Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, email: elmettert@wisc.edu , pjkiley@wisc.edu.
Patricia J
PJ
Kiley
D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
D003067:Coenzymes; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D013455:Sulfur; D007501:Iron
Fe-S; Isc pathway; Suf pathway; homeostasis; iron-sulfur cluster; regulation