Topography of social touching depends on emotional bonds between humans.
Nonhuman primates use social touch for maintenance and reinforcement of social structures, yet the role of social touch in human bonding in different reproductive, affiliative, and kinship-based relationships remains unresolved. Here we reveal quantified, relationship-specific maps of bodily regions where social touch is allowed in a large cross-cultural dataset (N = 1,368 from Finland, France, Italy, Russia, and the United Kingdom). Participants were shown front and back silhouettes of human bodies with a word denoting one member of their social network. They were asked to color, on separate trials, the bodily regions where each individual in their social network would be allowed to touch them. Across all tested cultures, the total bodily area where touching was allowed was linearly dependent (mean r(2) = 0.54) on the emotional bond with the toucher, but independent of when that person was last encountered. Close acquaintances and family members were touched for more reasons than less familiar individuals. The bodily area others are allowed to touch thus represented, in a parametric fashion, the strength of the relationship-specific emotional bond. We propose that the spatial patterns of human social touch reflect an important mechanism supporting the maintenance of social bonds.
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; juulia.suvilehto@aalto.fi riitta.hari@aalto.fi.
Juulia T
JT
Suvilehto
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
Enrico
E
Glerean
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Ox1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
Robin I M
RI
Dunbar
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; juulia.suvilehto@aalto.fi riitta.hari@aalto.fi.
Riitta
R
Hari
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
Lauri
L
Nummenmaa
D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009769:Object Attachment; D012044:Regression Analysis; D057566:Self Report; D014110:Touch
bonding; emotion; grooming; social networks; touch