Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia.
BACKGROUND
In Colombia, cases of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection have been officially described since 1985 mainly in Amerindian population from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (North Caribbean Coast), Uraba (North West), and Amazon (South East). The last official report of a clinical case of HDV infection in Colombia was registered in 2005.


OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to identify cases of HDV and/or Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in asymptomatic Amerindians from Amazonas state, South East Colombia, and to describe the circulating viral genotypes in this population.


METHODS
The study population was recruited in 19 Amerindian communities in the Amazonas state. Individuals over 18 years old were screened by rapid test for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Blood samples obtained from individuals positives for HBsAg in the rapid-test assay were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HDV IgM/IgG by ELISA. The detection of HBV DNA and HDV RNA was performed by PCR amplification. The viral genotype was determined by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.


RESULTS
A total of 23/861 individuals were positive for HBsAg detection by rapid test. Serological and/or molecular markers of HDV infection were demonstrated in 43.5 % (10/23) of samples from Amerindians. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the exclusive circulation of HBV subgenotype F1b of and HDV 3 in this population.


CONCLUSIONS
A high frequency of HBV/HDV infection was found in Amerindian population from Amazonas State, Colombia (43.5 %, 10/23). Nine cases were identified in a population of 861 asymptomatic Amerindian individuals; one symptomatic case (with diagnosis of end-stage hepatic disease) was also identified in the study. The circulation of HDV 3 and HBV subgenotype F1b suggests a constant flow of these viral genotypes as a result of the interaction of the Amerindian populations from Amazon basin. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether HBV subgenotype F1b is the prevalent in the population from South East region in Colombia.
Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. krodifi84@gmail.com.|Present Address: Facultad de Investigación Judicial, Forenses y Salud, Tecnologico de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. krodifi84@gmail.com.
Diana
D
di Filippo Villa
Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. fabiancortes@itm.edu.co.|Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomedica, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia. fabiancortes@itm.edu.co.
Fabian
F
Cortes-Mancera
Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Publica de Amazonas, Leticia, Colombia. edra1227@yahoo.es.
Edra
E
Payares
Coordinacion de Salud Publica, Alcaldia de Puerto Nariño, Amazonas, Colombia. neyla.montes83@hotmail.com.
Neyla
N
Montes
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia and Grupo de Epidemiología y Evaluación en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia. fpdelahozr@unal.edu.co.
Fernando
F
de la Hoz
Grupo de Epidemiologia, Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. patricia.arbelaez@udea.edu.co.
Maria Patricia
MP
Arbelaez
Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. gonzaloc@une.net.co.
Gonzalo
G
Correa
Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. maria.navas@udea.edu.co.
Maria-Cristina
MC
Navas
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007197:Indians, Central American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
D004279:DNA, Viral; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012367:RNA, Viral