Biochemical responses in freshwater fish after exposure to water-soluble fraction of gasoline.
The water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) is a complex mixture of mono-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of WSFG diluted 1.5% on freshwater fish. Astyanax altiparanae were exposed to the WSFG for 96 h, under a semi-static system, with renewal of 25% of the gasoline test solution every 24 h. In addition, a decay of the contamination (DC) was carried out. During DC, the fish was exposed to the WSFG for 8 d, followed by another 7 d with renewal of 25% of volume aquaria with clean water every 24 h. For depuration, fish were transferred to aquaria with clean water, and in addition, 25% of the water was replaced every 24 h. The liver and kidney biotransformation, antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were evaluated. In the liver, the WSFG 1.5% caused reduction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 96 h and DC. In the kidney, only in depuration an increased GST activity was observed, and after DC a higher LPO levels. An increase of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity occurred at 96 h in both tissues; however, in the liver was also observed during the depuration. In WSFG 96 h, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the kidney increased. As biomarkers of neurotoxicity, the brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activities were measured, but the WSFG 1.5% did not change them. Therefore, this study brought forth more data about WSFG effects on freshwater fish after lower concentrations exposure and a DC, simulating an environmental contamination.
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.
Franciele Lima
FL
Bettim
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.
Gabrieli Limberger
GL
Galvan
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.
Marta Margarete
MM
Cestari
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.
Carlos Itsuo
CI
Yamamoto
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: helassis@ufpr.br.
Helena Cristina Silva
HC
de Assis
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D060126:Characidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D005618:Fresh Water; D005742:Gasoline / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D005742:Gasoline; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
Bioassay; Biochemical biomarkers; Depuration; Hydrocarbons; Neotropical fish