Identifying Novel Gene Variants in Coronary Artery Disease and Shared Genes With Several Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
BACKGROUND
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a critical determinant of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified several cardiovascular disease risk factors, which may partly arise from a shared genetic basis with CAD, and thus be useful for discovery of CAD genes.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to improve discovery of CAD genes and inform the pathogenic relationship between CAD and several cardiovascular disease risk factors using a shared polygenic signal-informed statistical framework.


RESULTS
Using genome-wide association studies summary statistics and shared polygenic pleiotropy-informed conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate methodology, we systematically investigated genetic overlap between CAD and 8 traits related to cardiovascular disease risk factors: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. We found significant enrichment of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CAD as a function of their association with low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Applying the conditional false discovery rate method to the enriched phenotypes, we identified 67 novel loci associated with CAD (overall conditional false discovery rate <0.01). Furthermore, we identified 53 loci with significant effects in both CAD and at least 1 of low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.


CONCLUSIONS
The observed polygenic overlap between CAD and cardiometabolic risk factors indicates a pathogenic relation that warrants further investigation. The new gene loci identified implicate novel genetic mechanisms related to CAD.
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Marissa
M
LeBlanc
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Verena
V
Zuber
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Bettina Kulle
BK
Andreassen
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Aree
A
Witoelar
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Lingyao
L
Zeng
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Francesco
F
Bettella
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Yunpeng
Y
Wang
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Linda K
LK
McEvoy
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Wesley K
WK
Thompson
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Andrew J
AJ
Schork
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Sjur
S
Reppe
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Elizabeth
E
Barrett-Connor
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Symen
S
Ligthart
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Abbas
A
Dehghan
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Kaare M
KM
Gautvik
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Christopher P
CP
Nelson
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Heribert
H
Schunkert
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Nilesh J
NJ
Samani
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Paul M
PM
Ridker
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Daniel I
DI
Chasman
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Pål
P
Aukrust
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Srdjan
S
Djurovic
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Arnoldo
A
Frigessi
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Rahul S
RS
Desikan
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Anders M
AM
Dale
From the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (M.L., B.K.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (M.L., A.F.); NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., Y.W., S.D., O.A.A.); Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (V.Z., A.W., F.B., S.D., O.A.A.); Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (B.K.A.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (L.Z., H.S.); Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (Y.W., L.K.M., A.J.S., R.S.D., A.M.D., O.A.A.); Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (Y.W., A.M.D.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (L.K.M., R.S.D., A.M.D.); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.K.T., A.M.D.); Cognitive Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, (A.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R., K.M.G.); Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.B.-C.); Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (S.L., A.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (C.P.N., 
Ole A
OA
Andreassen
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
Women’s Genome Health Study; coronary artery disease; coronary heart disease; genetic pleiotropy; genome-wide association study; lipids; molecular epidemiology; myocardial infarction