Transcriptome-wide sequencing provides insights into geocarpy in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
A characteristic feature of peanut is the subterranean fructification, geocarpy, in which the gynophore ('peg'), a specialized organ that transitions from upward growth habit to downward outgrowth upon fertilization, drives the developing pod into the soil for subsequent development underground. As a step towards understanding this phenomenon, we explore the developmental dynamics of the peanut pod transcriptome at 11 successive stages. We identified 110 217 transcripts across developmental stages and quantified their abundance along a pod developmental gradient in pod wall. We found that the majority of transcripts were differentially expressed along the developmental gradient as well as identified temporal programs of gene expression, including hundreds of transcription factors. Thought to be an adaptation to particularly harsh subterranean environments, both up- and down-regulated gene sets in pod wall were enriched for response to a broad array of stimuli, like gravity, light and subterranean environmental factors. We also identified hundreds of transcripts associated with gravitropism and photomorphogenesis, which may be involved in the geocarpy. Collectively, this study forms a transcriptional baseline for geocarpy in peanut as well as provides a considerable body of evidence that transcriptional regulation in peanut aerial and subterranean fruits is complex.
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Xiaoping
X
Chen
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.|College of Food Science and Engineering of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
Qingli
Q
Yang
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Haifen
H
Li
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Heying
H
Li
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Yanbin
Y
Hong
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Lijuan
L
Pan
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Na
N
Chen
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Fanghe
F
Zhu
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Xiaoyuan
X
Chi
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Wei
W
Zhu
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Mingna
M
Chen
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Haiyan
H
Liu
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Zhen
Z
Yang
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Erhua
E
Zhang
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Tong
T
Wang
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Ni
N
Zhong
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Mian
M
Wang
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Hong
H
Liu
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Shijie
S
Wen
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Xingyu
X
Li
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Guiyuan
G
Zhou
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Shaoxiong
S
Li
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Hong
H
Wu
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.|International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India.
Rajeev
R
Varshney
Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), South China Peanut Sub-center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China.
Xuanqiang
X
Liang
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Shanlin
S
Yu
D010367:Arachis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D063990:Gene Ontology; D018522:Gravitropism / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D059467:Transcriptome
D010940:Plant Proteins
Geocarpy; RNA-Seq; fruit development; peanut (Archis hypogaea L.)