β3-adrenoreceptor and tumor microenvironment: a new hub.
The achievement of malignant traits in several cancers is associated with tumor microenvironment reactivity. New evidence show that the stress hormone noradrenaline enhances melanoma microenvironment reactivity, mainly acting through β3-adrenoreceptors (β2-ARs), favoring recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts, M2-macrophages, bone marrow-derived precursors, These events concur in sustaining a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic milieu, finally boosting melanoma malignancy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences; Tuscany Tumor Institute; Centre for Research; Transfer and High Education "DenoTHE" ; Florence, Italy.
Paola
P
Chiarugi
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Medical Surgical Fetal-Neonatal Department; A. Meyer University Children's Hospital ; Florence, Italy.
Luca
L
Filippi
beta-adrenoreceptors; cancer associated fibroblasts; inflammation; mesenchymal stem cells; stress; tumor microenvironment