Toxicity of Six Insecticides on Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Effect on Expression of Detoxification Genes.
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is a key worldwide fruit pest that has evolved high levels of resistance to almost all classes of conventional insecticides. Neonicotinoids, a new reduced-risk biorational insecticide class, have remained an effective control approach. In this study, the toxicity and sublethal effect of conventional and reduced-risk biorational insecticides on transcripts abundance of three detoxification genes in codling moth were determined. Bioassays on a codling moth laboratory strain suggested that acetamiprid had the highest oral toxicity against the third-instar larvae compared with the other five pesticides. Results also indicated that acetamiprid exhibits long-term efficacy against codling moth even at 120 h post feeding. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the detoxification genes CYP9A61, CpGST1, and CpCE-1 were differentially induced or suppressed by deltamethrin, cypermethrin, methomyl, carbaryl, and imidacloprid, depending on the type of insecticides; in contrast, no significant difference in CYP9A61, CpGST1, and CpCE-1 expressions were observed after acetamiprid exposure, when compared with the control. These results suggest that the reduced-risk biorational insecticide acetamiprid is an effective insecticide with no induction of detoxification genes and can be integrated into the management of codling moth.
Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China (sling233@hotmail.com), sling233@hotmail.com.
Xue-Qing
XQ
Yang
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China (zhengwei_wu@126.com; yalinzh@nwsuaf.edu.cn).
Zheng-Wei
ZW
Wu
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China (zhengwei_wu@126.com; yalinzh@nwsuaf.edu.cn).
Ya-Lin
YL
Zhang
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca. Casilla 747, Talca, Chile (wbarros30@gmail.com), and Millennium Nucleus in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications of Agroecosystems, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
Wilson
W
Barros-Parada
D000818:Animals; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides
Cydia pomonella; detoxification gene; integrated pest management; neonicotinoid; resistance