The role of complexity metrics in a multi-institutional dosimetry audit of VMAT.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the benefit of complexity metrics such as the modulation complexity score (MCS) and monitor units (MUs) in multi-institutional audits of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) delivery.


METHODS
39 VMAT treatment plans were analysed using MCS and MU. A virtual phantom planning exercise was planned and independently measured using the PTW Octavius(®) phantom and seven29(®) 2D array (PTW-Freiburg GmbH, Freiburg, Germany). MCS and MU were compared with the median gamma index pass rates (2%/2 and 3%/3 mm) and plan quality. The treatment planning systems (TPS) were grouped by VMAT modelling being specifically designed for the linear accelerator manufacturer's own treatment delivery system (Type 1) or independent of vendor for VMAT delivery (Type 2). Differences in plan complexity (MCS and MU) between TPS types were compared.


RESULTS
For Varian(®) linear accelerators (Varian(®) Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA), MCS and MU were significantly correlated with gamma pass rates. Type 2 TPS created poorer quality, more complex plans with significantly higher MUs and MCS than Type 1 TPS. Plan quality was significantly correlated with MU for Type 2 plans. A statistically significant correlation was observed between MU and MCS for all plans (R = -0.84, p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
MU and MCS have a role in assessing plan complexity in audits along with plan quality metrics. Plan complexity metrics give some indication of plan deliverability but should be analysed with plan quality.


CONCLUSIONS
Complexity metrics were investigated for a national rotational audit involving 34 institutions and they showed value. The metrics found that more complex plans were created for planning systems which were independent of vendor for VMAT delivery.
1 Radiotherapy Physics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.|2 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Conor K
CK
McGarry
1 Radiotherapy Physics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
Christina E
CE
Agnew
3 Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK.|4 Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Mohammad
M
Hussein
5 RTTQA Group, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, UK.
Yatman
Y
Tsang
6 Medical Physics and Engineering Department, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
Alan
A
McWilliam
1 Radiotherapy Physics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.|2 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Alan R
AR
Hounsell
3 Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK.|4 Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.|7 Radiation Dosimetry Group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.
Catharine H
CH
Clark
D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom