Implementing and expanding HIV testing in immigrant populations in Europe: Comparing guideline's recommendations and expert's opinions.
Immigrant populations, especially those from endemic countries, living in the European Union (EU) suffer a disproportionate burden of HIV, delayed diagnosis and poorer access to antiretroviral treatment. While International Organisations are developing recommendations aimed at increasing the uptake of HIV testing, the feasibility and real outcomes of these measures remain unexplored. The aim of this review was, firstly to identify the recommendations of the main International Organisations (IO) on HIV testing in immigrants. Secondly, to describe the challenges for implementing and expanding HIV testing and counselling interventions targeting immigrants by interviewing key informants. The importance of HIV testing in immigrants is discussed, along with the appropriateness of universal HIV testing approaches vs most at risk targeted approaches. Also addressed is, pre- and post-HIV test counselling characteristics and community initiatives suitable to reach this population and, finally the legal issues regarding access to treatment for illegal immigrants.
National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid) and Division of Environmental and Reproductive Epidemiology, Biomedical Research Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: dalvarez@isciii.es.
Débora
D
Álvarez-Del Arco
Department of Medical and Social Sciences, Alcalá University and CIBERESP, Spain.
Susana
S
Monge
National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid) and CIBERESP, Spain.
Yaiza
Y
Rivero-Montesdeoca
Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, University College London, United Kingdom.
Fiona
F
Burns
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden.
Teymur
T
Noori
National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid) and CIBERESP, Spain.
Julia
J
Del Amo
D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005060:Europe; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Ethnic groups; Europa; Europe; Grupos étnicos; HIV; Immigrants; Investigación cualitativa; Migrantes; Qualitative research; Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; VIH