Cytological, molecular mechanisms and temperature stress regulating production of diploid male gametes in Dianthus caryophyllus L.
In plant evolution, because of its key role in sexual polyploidization or whole genome duplication events, diploid gamete formation is considered as an important component in diversification and speciation. Environmental stress often triggers unreduced gamete production. However, the molecular, cellular mechanisms and adverse temperature regulating diplogamete production in carnation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the cytological basis for 2n male gamete formation and describe the isolation and characterization of the first gene, DcPS1 (Dianthus Caryophyllus Parallel Spindle 1). In addition, we analyze influence of temperature stress on diploid gamete formation and transcript levels of DcPS1. Cytological evidence indicated that 2n male gamete formation is attributable to abnormal spindle orientation at male meiosis II. DcPS1 protein is conserved throughout the plant kingdom and carries domains suggestive of a regulatory function. DcPS1 expression analysis show DcPS1 gene probably have a role in 2n pollen formation. Unreduced pollen formation in various cultivation was sensitive to high or low temperature which was probably regulated by the level of DcPS1 transcripts. In a broader perspective, these findings can have potential applications in fundamental polyploidization research and plant breeding programs.
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China; Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Xuhong
X
Zhou
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Xijun
X
Mo
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Min
M
Gui
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Xuewei
X
Wu
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Yalian
Y
Jiang
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Lulin
L
Ma
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China; National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming 650205, China.
Ziming
Z
Shi
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China. Electronic address: luoyingabc@yahoo.com.
Ying
Y
Luo
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, China. Electronic address: twr@sina.com.
Wenru
W
Tang
D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029749:Dianthus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics*; D004171:Diploidy; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D055993:Germ Cells, Plant / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011058:Pollen / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D013696:Temperature
D012333:RNA, Messenger
2n gamete; Meiosis; PS1 gene; Spindle; Temperature stress