Microstereolithography-Based Fabrication of Anatomically Shaped Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.
Porous ceramic scaffolds with shapes matching the bone defects may result in more efficient grafting and healing than the ones with simple geometries. Using computer-assisted microstereolithography (MSTL), we have developed a novel gelcasting indirect MSTL technology and successfully fabricated two scaffolds according to CT images of rabbit femur. Negative resin molds with outer 3D dimensions conforming to the femur and an internal structure consisting of stacked meshes with uniform interconnecting struts, 0.5 mm in diameter, were fabricated by MSTL. The second mold type was designed for cortical bone formation. A ceramic slurry of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone as binder was cast into the molds. After the RTV silicone was completely cured, the composite was sintered at 1500°C for 5 h. Both gross anatomical shape and the interpenetrating internal network were preserved after sintering. Even cortical structure could be introduced into the customized scaffolds, which resulted in enhanced strength. Biocompatibility was confirmed by vital staining of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on the customized scaffolds for 5 days. This fabrication method could be useful for constructing bone substitutes specifically designed according to local anatomical defects.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sino-Russian Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150086, China ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Dajiang
D
Du
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Adachi, Tokyo 101-8457, Japan.
Teruo
T
Asaoka
Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Makoto
M
Shinohara
Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Tomonori
T
Kageyama
Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Takashi
T
Ushida
Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Katsuko Sakai
KS
Furukawa
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D055616:Microtechnology; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate