Concept for a Predeployment Assessment of Basic Military Fitness in the German Armed Forces.
Military fitness is defined as a hierarchical 4-level construct in the German armed forces: (a) "Fundamental/Baseline Fitness," (b) "Basic Military Fitness," (c) "Task Fitness," and (d) "Mission Fitness." "Fundamental/Baseline Fitness" is assessed with the "Basic Fitness Test." However, this test alone is not sufficient to assess readiness for the physical demands of deployments. The first part of the article describes the development of a tool mirroring the specific physiological requirements of military operations on a joint forces level. The "Basic Military Fitness Tool" (BMFT) combines 4 crucial military demands into one single timed test run performed with field uniform (5 kg), body armor (13.4 kg), and helmet (1.6 kg): (a) maneuver under fire: 130 m run with changes in direction, velocity, and body position, (b) casualty rescue: 40 m of dragging a 50 kg load, (c) load carrying: 100 m carrying of two 18 kg loads, and (d) load lifting: lifting a 24 kg load on to a 1.25 m high rack 5 times. The second part covers the first assessment of BMFT selectivity between high- and low-performing groups. Muscle mass and strength are important factors for working with loads. Thus, female soldiers are expected to need more time to complete BMFT because of their on average lower muscle mass. Eighteen female (age = 28.5 ± 6.6 years, lean body mass [LBM] = 45.0 ± 4.5 kg; mean ± SD) and 104 male soldiers (age = 30.0 ± 8.4, LBM = 64.3 ± 7.1) completed isometric strength testing (hand grip = 344.3 ± 51.4 N and 547.3 ± 79.1 N, elbow flexors = 118.9 ± 16.9 and 235.1 ± 42.0, knee extensors = 433.2 ± 87.4 and 631.4 ± 111.4) and BMFT (259.2 ± 44.0 and 150.0 ± 21.1 s). Except age, all variables differed significantly (p < 0.01) between groups.
1Department IV-Military Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Services, Koblenz, Germany; and 2Research Group of Performance Epidemiology, Institute for Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Ulrich
U
Rohde
Alexander
A
Sievert
Thomas
T
Rüther
Alexander
A
Witzki
Dieter
D
Leyk
D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation; D055815:Young Adult