Recurrent major depression and right hippocampal volume: A bivariate linkage and association study.
Previous work has shown that the hippocampus is smaller in the brains of individuals suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) than those of healthy controls. Moreover, right hippocampal volume specifically has been found to predict the probability of subsequent depressive episodes. This study explored the utility of right hippocampal volume as an endophenotype of recurrent MDD (rMDD). We observed a significant genetic correlation between the two traits in a large sample of Mexican American individuals from extended pedigrees (ρg = -0.34, p = 0.013). A bivariate linkage scan revealed a significant pleiotropic quantitative trait locus on chromosome 18p11.31-32 (LOD = 3.61). Bivariate association analysis conducted under the linkage peak revealed a variant (rs574972) within an intron of the gene SMCHD1 meeting the corrected significance level (χ(2) = 19.0, p = 7.4 × 10(-5)). Univariate association analyses of each phenotype separately revealed that the same variant was significant for right hippocampal volume alone, and also revealed a suggestively significant variant (rs12455524) within the gene DLGAP1 for rMDD alone. The results implicate right-hemisphere hippocampal volume as a possible endophenotype of rMDD, and in so doing highlight a potential gene of interest for rMDD risk.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.
Samuel R
SR
Mathias
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.
Emma E M
EE
Knowles
Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.
Jack W
JW
Kent
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
D Reese
DR
McKay
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
Joanne E
JE
Curran
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
Marcio A A
MA
de Almeida
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
Thomas D
TD
Dyer
Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.|South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
Harald H H
HH
Göring
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
Rene L
RL
Olvera
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
Ravi
R
Duggirala
Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.|South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, Texas.
Peter T
PT
Fox
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
Laura
L
Almasy
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.|University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas.
John
J
Blangero
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut.
David C
DC
Glahn
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012008:Recurrence; D000074407:SAP90-PSD95 Associated Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C000614187:DLGAP1 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000074407:SAP90-PSD95 Associated Proteins; C578241:SMCHD1 protein, human
depression; genome-wide association; hippocampus; linkage