Impulsivity is Associated with Early Sensory Inhibition in Neurophysiological Processing of Affective Sounds.
Impulsivity is widely related to socially problematic behaviors and psychiatric illness. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between response inhibition and impulsivity. However, no study has intensively examined how impulsivity correlates with automatic sensory processing before the drive for response inhibition to sensory inputs. Sensory gating (SG) is an automatic inhibitory function that attenuates the neural response to redundant sensory information and protects higher cognitive functions from the burst of information processing. Although SG functions abnormally in several clinical populations, there is very little evidence supporting SG changes in conjunction with impulsivity traits in non-clinical populations. The present study recruited healthy adults (n = 23) to conduct a neurophysiological experiment using a paired-click paradigm and self-report scales assessing impulsive behavioral traits. Auditory stimuli included not only a pure tone but also white noise to explore the differences in auditory-evoked potential (AEP) responses between the two stimuli. White noise is more affective than pure tones; therefore, we predicted that the SG of AEPs (P50, N100, and P200) for white noise would correlate more with self-reported impulsivity than with those for pure tones. Our main findings showed that SG of the P50 and P200 amplitudes significantly correlated with self-reported reward responsiveness and fun-seeking, respectively, only for white noise stimuli, demonstrating that higher-scoring impulsivity subcomponents were related to greater SG. Frequency-domain analyses also revealed that greater desynchronization of the beta band for the second white noise stimulus was associated with higher motor impulsivity scores, suggesting that an impulsivity-related change of SG was associated with attentional modulation. These findings indicate that the measurement of SG of white noise may be an efficient tool to evaluate impulsivity in non-clinical populations, and should also be applied to clinical populations.
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan.
Takahiro
T
Soshi
Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan.
Takamasa
T
Noda
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan.
Kumiko
K
Ando
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan ; Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan.
Kanako
K
Nakazawa
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan.
Hideki
H
Tsumura
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry , Kodaira , Japan.
Takayuki
T
Okada
auditory-evoked potential; event-related desynchronization/synchronization; impulsivity; paired-click paradigm; sensory gating; white noise