CC-chemokine ligand 2 inhibition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a phase 2 trial of carlumab.
The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of carlumab in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).A phase 2, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled dose-ranging study was conducted in patients with IPF (n=126). Patients were randomised to carlumab (1 mg·kg(-1), 5 mg·kg(-1), or 15 mg·kg(-1)) or placebo every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the rate of percentage change in forced vital capacity (FVC). Secondary endpoints were time to disease progression, absolute change in FVC, relative change in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score.Due to a pre-planned, unfavourable interim benefit-risk analysis, dosing was suspended. The rate of percentage change in FVC showed no treatment effect (placebo -0.582%, 1 mg·kg(-1) -0.533%, 5 mg·kg(-1) -0.799% and 15 mg·kg(-1) -0.470%; p=0.261). All active treatment groups showed a greater decline in FVC (1 mg·kg(-1) -290 mL, 5 mg·kg(-1) -370 mL and 15 mg·kg(-1) -320 mL) compared with placebo (-130 mL). No effect on disease progression, DLCO, infection rates or mortality was observed. SGRQ scores showed a nonsignificant trend toward worsening with active treatment. Unexpectedly, free CC-chemokine ligand 2 levels were elevated above baseline at both 24 and 52 weeks. A higher proportion of patients with one or more serious adverse events was observed in the 5 mg·kg(-1) group (53.1%) compared with 1 mg·kg(-1) (15.2%), 15 mg·kg(-1) (21.9%) and placebo (46.4%), although no unexpected serious adverse events were noted.Although dosing was stopped prematurely, it is unlikely that carlumab provides benefit to IPF patients.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA graghu@u.washington.edu.
Ganesh
G
Raghu
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Fernando J
FJ
Martinez
Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
Kevin K
KK
Brown
Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Ulrich
U
Costabel
National Reference Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Vincent
V
Cottin
Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London NHS Healthcare Trust, London, UK.
Athol U
AU
Wells
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Lisa
L
Lancaster
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Kevin F
KF
Gibson
New Lung Associates, Tampa, FL, USA.
Tarik
T
Haddad
Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.
Prasheen
P
Agarwal
Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.
Michael
M
Mack
Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.
Bidisha
B
Dasgupta
Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.
Ivo P
IP
Nnane
Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.
Susan K
SK
Flavin
Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA.
Elliot S
ES
Barnathan
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000963:Antimetabolites; D001530:Belgium; D000080908:Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; D002170:Canada; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000963:Antimetabolites; D000080908:Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C581643:carlumab; D002248:Carbon Monoxide