[Relation between psychological development and respiratory management in patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in Japan].
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the psychological development of patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS).


METHODS
We performed a questionnaire-based survey of 17 patients with CCHS aged over 7 years and assessed their clinical course, respiratory management, and psychological development.


RESULTS
CCHS was present at birth in 15 patients, of which eight presented with respiratory failure with a low Apgar score. Twelve patients required mechanical ventilation with intubation, and five received mask ventilation. All patients with intubation underwent tracheostomy between 1 and 12 months of age (median 5.5 months), and most of them had associated conditions such as Hirschsprung disease. Four of 12 patients with intubation were eventually switched to mask ventilation and one to diaphragm pacing and mask ventilation. The patients undergoing mask ventilation had relatively milder disease severity and had fewer complications than did the patients with intubation. The psychological development of patients who received tracheostomy ranged from normal to severe retardation. Retardation was more likely to be severe in patients who received tracheostomy in late infancy. All patients who received mask ventilation experienced borderline to moderate psychological retardation. This effect could be attributed to poor compliance with mask fitting.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the psychological development of CCHS patients was influenced by hypoxia; tracheostomy and strict respiratory management since the neonatal period were needed for neurological protection.
Kaori
K
Irahara
Tomomi
T
Ogata
Hiroshi
H
Ozawa
Ushio
U
Otaki
Keiichi
K
Yamamoto
Takehiro
T
Ishizuka
Kiyoshi
K
Arimoto
Satoshi
S
Kimiya
Koichi
K
Arakawa
Kazuhiro
K
Muramatsu
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007040:Hypoventilation / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D014139:Tracheostomy; D055815:Young Adult