Functional roles of HIV-1 Tat protein in the nucleus.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is one of the most important regulatory proteins for viral gene expression in the host cell and can modulate different cellular processes. In addition, Tat is secreted by the infected cell and can be internalized by neighboring cells; therefore, it affects both infected and uninfected cells. Tat can modulate cellular processes by interacting with different cellular structures and signaling pathways. In the nucleus, Tat might be localized either in the nucleoplasm or the nucleolus depending on its concentration. Here we review the distinct functions of Tat in the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus in connection with viral infection and HIV-induced oncogenesis.
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.|LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.
Yana R
YR
Musinova
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.|LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.
Eugene V
EV
Sheval
LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.|UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.
Carla
C
Dib
LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.|UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.
Diego
D
Germini
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia. vassetzky@igr.fr.|LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France. vassetzky@igr.fr.|UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France. vassetzky@igr.fr.
Yegor S
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-7043
YS
Vassetzky
D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Chromatin; HIV-1 Tat; Nuclear envelope; Nucleolus; Nucleus; Oncogenesis