Aerobic interval exercise improves parameters of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other alterations of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker rats.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolic alterations that increase the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been described as the liver manifestation of MS. We aimed to test the beneficial effects of an aerobic interval training (AIT) protocol on different biochemical, microscopic, and functional liver alterations related to the MS in the experimental model of obese Zucker rat. Two groups of lean and obese animals (6 weeks old) followed a protocol of AIT (4 min at 65%-80% of maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 3 min at 50%-65% of maximal oxygen uptake for 45-60 min, 5 days/week, 8 weeks of experimental period), whereas 2 control groups remained sedentary. Obese rats had higher food intake and body weight (P < 0.0001) and suffered significant alterations in plasma lipid profile, area under the curve after oral glucose overload (P < 0.0001), liver histology and functionality, and antioxidant status. The AIT protocol reduced the severity of alterations related to glucose and lipid metabolism and increased the liver protein expression of PPARγ, as well as the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (P < 0.001). The training protocol also showed significant effects on the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, although this action was greatly influenced by rat phenotype. The present data suggest that AIT protocol is a feasible strategy to improve some of the plasma and liver alterations featured by the MS.
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Garyfallia
G
Kapravelou
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Rosario
R
Martínez
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Ana M
AM
Andrade
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Elena
E
Nebot
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Daniel
D
Camiletti-Moirón
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Virginia A
VA
Aparicio
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Maria
M
Lopez-Jurado
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Pilar
P
Aranda
b Department of Histology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Francisco
F
Arrebola
b Department of Histology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Eduardo
E
Fernandez-Segura
c Institute for Health and Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
Giovanna
G
Bermano
c Institute for Health and Wellbeing Research, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
Marie
M
Goua
d Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Milagros
M
Galisteo
a Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
Jesus M
JM
Porres
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
aerobic capacity; aerobic interval training; capacité aérobie; entraînement aérobie par intervalle; hepatic metabolic pathways; lipid metabolism; liver antioxidant status; metabolic syndrome; métabolisme lipidique; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; statut antioxydant du foie; stéatose hépatique non alcoolique; syndrome métabolique; voies hépatiques du métabolisme