Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - diagnostic challenge with prognostic significance.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world, with a prevalence of 20%. In a subgroup of patients, inflammation, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and a varying degree of fibrosis may develop, a condition named non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Advanced liver fibrosis (stage F3) and cirrhosis (stage F4) are histologic features that most accurately predict increased mortality in both liver-related and cardiovascular diseases. Patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis are at risk for complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal varices and should therefore be included in surveillance programs. However, liver disease and fibrosis are often unrecognized in patients with NAFLD, possibly leading to a delayed diagnosis of complications. The early diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD is therefore crucial, and it can be accomplished using serum biomarkers (e.g., the NAFLD Fibrosis Score, Fib-4 Index or BARD) or non-invasive imaging techniques (transient elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse imaging). The screening of risk groups, such as patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus, for NAFLD development with these non-invasive methods may detect advanced fibrosis at an early stage. Additionally, patients with a low risk for advanced fibrosis can be identified, and the need for liver biopsies can be minimized. This review focuses on the diagnostic challenge and prognostic impact of advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
Per Stål, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Digestive Diseases, Huddinge K63, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers
Biomarkers; Elastography; Fibrosis; Mortality; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease