Comparative metabolomic analysis highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis.
Melatonin is an important secondary messenger in plant innate immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in the salicylic acid (SA)- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathway. However, the metabolic homeostasis in melatonin-mediated innate immunity is unknown. In this study, comparative metabolomic analysis found that the endogenous levels of both soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, melibose, sucrose, maltose, galatose, tagatofuranose and turanose) and glycerol were commonly increased after both melatonin treatment and Pst DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. Further studies showed that exogenous pre-treatment with fructose, glucose, sucrose, or glycerol increased innate immunity against Pst DC3000 infection in wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants, but largely alleviated their effects on the innate immunity in SA-deficient NahG plants and NO-deficient mutants. This indicated that SA and NO are also essential for sugars and glycerol-mediated disease resistance. Moreover, exogenous fructose, glucose, sucrose and glycerol pre-treatments remarkably increased endogenous NO level, but had no significant effect on the endogenous melatonin level. Taken together, this study highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in SA and NO-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis.
Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.|State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
Yongqiang
Y
Qian
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Dun-Xian
DX
Tan
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Russel J
RJ
Reiter
Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
Haitao
H
Shi
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000276:immunology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008550:Melatonin; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D005990:Glycerol