A new iron calcium phosphate material to improve the osteoconductive properties of a biodegradable ceramic: a study in rabbit calvaria.
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is an osteoconductive and biodegradable material used in bone regeneration procedures, while iron has been suggested as a tool to improve the biological performance of calcium phosphate-based materials. However, the mechanisms of interaction between these materials and human cells are not fully understood. In order to clarify this relationship, we have studied the iron role in β-TCP ceramics. Iron-containing β-TCPs were prepared by replacing CaCO3 with C6H5FeO7 at different molar ratios. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the occurrence of β-TCP as the sole phase in the pure β-TCP and iron-containing ceramics. The incorporation of iron ions in the β-TCP lattice decreased the specific surface area as the pore size was shifted toward meso- and/or macropores. Furthermore, the human osteoblastlike cell line MG-63 was cultured onto the ceramics to determine cell proliferation and viability, and it was observed that the iron-β-TCP ceramics have better cytocompatibility than pure β-TCP. Finally, in vivo assays were performed using rabbit calvaria as a bone model. The scaffolds were implanted for 8 and 12 weeks in the defects created in the skullcap with pure β-TCP as the control. The in vivo behavior, in terms of new bone formed, degradation, and residual graft material were investigated using sequential histological evaluations and histomorphometric analysis. The in vivo implantation of the ceramics showed enhanced bone tissue formation and scaffold degradation for iron-β-TCPs. Thus, iron appears to be a useful tool to enhance the osteoconductive properties of calcium phosphate ceramics.
Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcon-Madrid, Spain.
Angel
A
Manchón
Mohammad
M
Hamdan Alkhraisat
Carmen
C
Rueda-Rodriguez
Juan Carlos
JC
Prados-Frutos
Jesús
J
Torres
Julia
J
Lucas-Aparicio
Andrea
A
Ewald
Uwe
U
Gbureck
Enrique
E
López-Cabarcos
D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011817:Rabbits; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C020243:calcium phosphate; D007501:Iron