Olfactory Function, Eating Ability, and Visceral Obesity Associated with MMSE Three Years after Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE
This study examines whether risk factors for poor nutrition are associated with global cognitive function three years after confirmed Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis.


METHODS
The follow-up investigations for this prospective community-based study were conducted three years after PD diagnosis.


METHODS
The study participants lived in Västerbotten County, a region in northern Sweden with 142,000 inhabitants.


METHODS
This study population consisted of 118 PD outpatients from the study of Newly Diagnosed PD in Umeå (NYPUM).


METHODS
Global cognition was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and at follow-up. Anthropometry, nutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA, 3-day food registration, 3-FDR), olfactory function (Brief Smell Identification Test, B-SIT), and swallowing, cutting food, and salivation (single questions from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, UPDRS) were used as markers for nutritional status.


RESULTS
The MMSE score decreased over three years (-1.06±3.38, p=0.001). Olfactory function at baseline was associated to MMSE at three years (B=0.365, p=0.004). Changes in waist/hip ratio (B=113.29, p=0.017), swallowing (B=1.18, P=0.033), and cutting food (B=-1.80, p=0.000) were associated with MMSE at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that olfactory function, cutting food, swallowing, and visceral obesity are associated with MMSE three years after PD diagnosis.
M. Vikdahl,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden, vik.magdalena@gmail.com.
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Vikdahl
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Domellöf
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Forsgren
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Håglin
D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009752:Nutritional Status; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012903:Smell; D013548:Sweden