Are Pathogenic Leptospira Species Agents of Community-Acquired Pneumonia? Case Reports of Leptospirosis Presenting as Pneumonia.
We report four Indonesian cases meeting the clinical and radiological criteria for community-acquired pneumonia and other findings suggestive of leptospirosis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses of serum and urine samples and serology confirmed the diagnosis of leptospirosis in each. Results of qPCR analysis of throat swabs were concordant with those obtained with acute-phase serum samples, which suggests its potential for use as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for leptospirosis.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia National Reference Laboratory for Leptospira, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia mhgasem@yahoo.com.
M Hussein
MH
Gasem
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Helmia
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-9847
H
Farida
KIT Biomedical Research, WHO/FAO/OIE and National Leptospirosis Reference Center, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands.
Ahmed
A
Ahmed
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands.
Juliţte A
JA
Severin
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Agus
A
Suryanto
National Reference Laboratory for Leptospira, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Bambang
B
Isbandrio
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands.
Henri A
HA
Verbrugh
KIT Biomedical Research, WHO/FAO/OIE and National Leptospirosis Reference Center, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands.
Rudy A
RA
Hartskeerl
Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, South Holland, The Netherlands.
Peterhans J
PJ
van den Broek
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007919:Leptospira / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012698:Serologic Tests; D044967:Serum / Q000382:microbiology; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial