Modified local diatomite as potential functional drug carrier--A model study for diclofenac sodium.
Diatomite makes a promising candidate for a drug carrier because of its high porosity, large surface area, modifiable surface chemistry and biocompatibility. Herein, refined diatomite from Kolubara coal basin, which complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements for heavy metals content and microbiological quality, was used as a starting material. Inorganic modification of the starting material was performed through a simple, one-step procedure. Significant increase in adsorbent loading with diclofenac sodium (DS) was achieved after the modification process (∼373mg/g) which enabled the preparation of comprimates containing therapeutic dose of the adsorbed drug. Adsorption of DS onto modified diatomite resulted in the alteration of the drug's XRD pattern and FTIR spectrum. In vitro drug release studies in phosphate buffer pH 7.5 demonstrated prolonged DS release over 8h from comprimates containing DS adsorbed on modified diatomite (up to 37% after 8h) and those containing physical mixture of the same composition (up to 45% after 8h). The results of in vivo toxicity testing on mice pointed on potential safety of both unmodified (starting) and modified diatomite. All these findings favor the application of diatomite as a potential functional drug carrier.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe No. 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: zoran.jan@ikom.rs.
Jelena
J
Janićijević
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe No. 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
Danina
D
Krajišnik
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe No. 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
Bojan
B
Čalija
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg No. 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Bojana Nedić
BN
Vasiljević
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe No. 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
Vladimir
V
Dobričić
Institute for the Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš d'Eperea No. 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Aleksandra
A
Daković
Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, ME4 4TB, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.
Milan D
MD
Antonijević
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe No. 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
Jela
J
Milić
D000818:Animals; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth / Q000737:chemistry*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers; D051379:Mice; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D004337:Drug Carriers; D004008:Diclofenac; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth; C033787:diatomite
Adsorption; Diatoms; Drug delivery; Inorganic modification; Porous silica; Prolonged drug release