The Effect of Systemic Magnesium on Postsurgical Pain in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomies: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND
Tonsillectomy is a frequently performed surgical procedure in children; however, few multimodal analgesic strategies have been shown to improve postsurgical pain in this patient population. Systemic magnesium infusions have been shown to reliably improve postoperative pain in adults, but their effects in pediatric surgical patients remain to be determined. In the current investigation, our main objective was to evaluate the use of systemic magnesium to improve postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. We hypothesized that children who received systemic magnesium infusions would have less post-tonsillectomy pain than the children who received saline infusions.


METHODS
The study was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned using a computer-generated table of random numbers to 1 of the 2 intervention groups: systemic magnesium infusion (initial loading dose 30 mg/kg given over 15 minutes followed by a continuous magnesium infusion 10 mg/kg/h) and the same volume of saline. The primary outcome was pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) measured by FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) pain scores. Pain reduction was measured by the decrement in the area under the pain scale versus 90-minute postoperative time curve using the trapezoidal method. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption in the PACU, emergence delirium scores (measured by the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale), and parent satisfaction.


RESULTS
Sixty subjects were randomly assigned and 60 completed the study. The area under pain scores (up to 90 minutes) was not different between the study groups, median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 30 (0-120) score × min and 45 (0-135) score × min for the magnesium and control groups, respectively (P = 0.74). Similarly, there was no clinically significant difference in the morphine consumption in the PACU between the magnesium group, median (IQR) of 2.0 (0-4.44) mg IV morphine, compared with the control, median (IQR) of 2.5 (0-4.99) mg IV morphine (P = 0.25). The serum level of magnesium was significantly lower in the control group than in the treatment group at the end of the surgery (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Despite a large number of studies demonstrating the efficacy of systemic magnesium for preventing postsurgical pain in adults, we could not find evidence for a significant clinical benefit of systemic magnesium infusion in children undergoing tonsillectomies. Our findings reiterate the importance of validating multimodal analgesic strategies in children that have been demonstrated to be effective in the adult population.
From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and †Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Hubert A
HA
Benzon
Ravi D
RD
Shah
Jennifer
J
Hansen
John
J
Hajduk
Kathleen R
KR
Billings
Gildasio S
GS
De Oliveira
Santhanam
S
Suresh
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D008274:Magnesium