Effects of two-months balanced diet in metabolically healthy obesity: lipid correlations with gender and BMI-related differences.
BACKGROUND
Nowadays no researches has been performed on fatty acid profile (FA) and desaturase activity in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). The aim of this study was to assessed gender and BMI-related difference in FA, estimated desaturase activities and the efficacy on metabolic changes produced by 2-months well-balance diet in MHO subjects.


METHODS
In 103 MHO subjects (30/73 M/F; age:42.2 ± 9.5) FA, estimated desaturase activity, body composition (by DXA), Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, grelin, glucagon-like peptide-1), insulin resistence (by Homestasis metabolic assessment), C-reactive proteine, Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Body Shape Index (ABSI) have been assessed. Gender and BMI related difference have been evaluated and the efficacy produced by 2-months well-balance diet has been considered.


RESULTS
At baseline, obese subjects, compared to overweight, show a significantly higher oleic (p <0.050), monounsaturated fatty acids (p <0.040), C18:0 delta-9 desaturase activity (D9D) (p <0.040) and lower linoleic acid (p <0.020), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p <0.020) and n-6 LCPUFA (p <0.010). Concerning gender-related difference, women show a significantly higher arachidonic acid (p <0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p <0.001), n-6 LCPUFA (p <0.002), and lower monounsaturated fatty acids (p <0.001), D6D activity (p <0.030), C18:0 D9D (0.000) and C16:0 D9D (p <0.030). The 2-months diet was associated with a significantly increase in arachidonic acid (p = 0.007), eicosapentaenoic acid (p = 0.030), docosahexaenoic acid (p <0.001), long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) (p <0.001), delta-5 desaturase activity (D5D) (p = 0.002), glucagon like peptide-1 (p <0.001) and a significant decrease in palmitoleic acid (p = <0.030), n-6/n-3 LCPUFA (p <0.001), insulin resistance (p = 0.006), leptin (p = 0.006), adiponectin (p <0.001), grelin (p = 0.030), CRP (p = 0.004), BMI (p <0.001) and android fat mass (p <0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The balanced diet intervention was effective in improving metabolic indices.
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition andDietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Mariangela
M
Rondanelli
Service of Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS "Policlinico San Matteo", Pavia, Italy.
Chaterine
C
Klersy
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition andDietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. simoneperna@hotmail.it.
Simone
S
Perna
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition andDietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Milena Anna
MA
Faliva
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Gigliola
G
Montorfano
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Paola
P
Roderi
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Irma
I
Colombo
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Paola Antonia
PA
Corsetto
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Marisa
M
Fioravanti
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Sebastiano Bruno
SB
Solerte
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Applied Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Angela Maria
AM
Rizzo
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000097:blood; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067329:Obesity, Metabolically Benign / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases