Translating extracellular microRNA into clinical biomarkers for drug-induced toxicity: from high-throughput profiling to validation.
Over the past 5 years, extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are being vigorously explored as injury biomarkers, including drug-induced cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Currently, the development of miRNAs as clinical biomarkers has been hindered by the lack of standardization. Therefore, extracellular miRNA-based biomarkers have not been embraced as diagnostic tools. Each platform has its strengths and weaknesses when working with low-input-amount RNA samples from body fluids; the selection of a miRNA quantification approach should be based on the study design. The following review provides a summary of the extracellular miRNA release and stability in body fluids, performances of different miRNA quantification platforms, existing clinical gold standards for drug-induced tissue damage and translation of the miRNA biomarkers from the nonclinical to clinical setting.
College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.|Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Wenjun
W
Wang
Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Qiang
Q
Shi
Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Williams B
WB
Mattes
Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Donna L
DL
Mendrick
Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Xi
X
Yang
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*
D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
biomarkers; cardiotoxicity; extracellular; hepatotoxicity; microRNA; nephrotoxicity