Costs and utilization of treatment in patients with hemophilia.
BACKGROUND
Although hemophilia has a potentially high economic impact, there are no published estimates of healthcare costs for this disease in Portugal. The aim of this study was to evaluate costs of treatment and hospital utilization among patients with hemophilia A and B, with and without inhibitors, over a 3-year period in a Portuguese Comprehensive Care Hemophilia Centre. This is the first study on the financial impact of healthcare costs in patients with hemophilia in Portugal.


METHODS
This retrospective, observational study identified patients diagnosed with hemophilia A and B using medical and pharmacy electronic medical records and data from Centro Hospitalar São João, between January 2011 and December 2013. Patients with inhibitors were all high responders (>5 Bethesda Units [BU]). Severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe based on clotting factor levels. Two main outcomes were measured: (1) cost associated with hospital pharmacy claims (clotting factor) and (2) number of hospital visits/hospitalization.


RESULTS
A cohort of 103 patients were identified: 72 (69.9 %) with hemophilia A and 31 (30.1 %) with hemophilia B. Among these, five individuals were classified as patients with inhibitors (four with hemophilia A and one with hemophilia B). From the cohort of hemophilia A patients, 36 individuals (35.0 %) were identified as having severe disease; 20 (19.4 %) moderate; and 16 (15.5 %) mild. In the cohort of hemophilia B patients, 14 (13.6 %) were identified as having severe disease; 14 (13.6 %) moderate; and three (2.9 %) mild. The total mean aggregate cost per year (including clotting factor and hospital utilization) for patients with severe hemophilia B was €112,469, compared with €793 for mild hemophilia A. Clotting factor concentrate amounted for 90 % of total cost in severe cases and hospital utilization was also higher in these cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Hemophilia treatment is expensive, particularly for patients with severe disease and especially if they develop inhibitors to replacement clotting factors. In our study, severe hemophilia is associated with greater annual total costs in both types of hemophilia (A = €77,587 and B = € 112,469). Patients with inhibitors have costs 3.3 times higher than patients without inhibitors. Age was not associated with significantly greater total costs (clotting factor and hospital visits/hospitalizations).
Women's Clinic, Centro Hospitalar São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal. patricia.rocha@hsjoao.min-saude.pt.
Patrícia
P
Rocha
Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Center of Hemophilia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.
Manuela
M
Carvalho
Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Center of Hemophilia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.
Manuela
M
Lopes
Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Center of Hemophilia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Fernando
F
Araújo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003029:Coagulants / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011174:Portugal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D003029:Coagulants