Fcγ receptors: genetic variation, function, and disease.
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are key immune receptors responsible for the effective control of both humoral and innate immunity and are central to maintaining the balance between generating appropriate responses to infection and preventing autoimmunity. When this balance is lost, pathology results in increased susceptibility to cancer, autoimmunity, and infection. In contrast, optimal FcγR engagement facilitates effective disease resolution and response to monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. The underlying genetics of the FcγR gene family are a central component of this careful balance. Complex in humans and generated through ancestral duplication events, here we review the evolution of the gene family in mammals, the potential importance of copy number, and functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as discussing current approaches and limitations when exploring genetic variation in this region.
Cancer Genomics Group, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.|Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Chantal E
CE
Hargreaves
Cancer Genomics Group, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Matthew J J
MJ
Rose-Zerilli
Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.|School of Health, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK.
Lee R
LR
Machado
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Chisako
C
Iriyama
Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Edward J
EJ
Hollox
Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Mark S
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-089X
MS
Cragg
Cancer Genomics Group, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Jonathan C
JC
Strefford
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018628:Gene Dosage; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007167:Immunotherapy; D051379:Mice; D005810:Multigene Family; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D017452:Receptors, IgG
Fc receptors; antibodies; genetics; immunotherapy