Alcohol and Emotional Contagion: An Examination of the Spreading of Smiles in Male and Female Drinking Groups.
Researchers have hypothesized that men gain greater reward from alcohol than women. However, alcohol-administration studies testing participants drinking alone have offered weak support for this hypothesis. Research suggests that social processes may be implicated in gender differences in drinking patterns. We examined the impact of gender and alcohol on "emotional contagion"-a social mechanism central to bonding and cohesion. Social drinkers (360 male, 360 female) consumed alcohol, placebo, or control beverages in groups of three. Social interactions were video recorded, and both Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiling were continuously coded using theFacial Action Coding System. Results revealed that Duchenne smiling (but not non-Duchenne smiling) contagion correlated with self-reported reward and typical drinking patterns. Importantly, Duchenne smiles were significantly less "infectious" among sober male versus female groups, and alcohol eliminated these gender differences in smiling contagion. Findings identify new directions for research exploring social-reward processes in the etiology of alcohol problems.
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Catharine E
CE
Fairbairn
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Michael A
MA
Sayette
Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo.
Odd O
OO
Aalen
Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, and Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital.
Arnoldo
A
Frigessi
alcohol; emotional contagion; facial mimicry; gender; social context