Further improvement in ganoderic acid production in static liquid culture of Ganoderma lucidum by integrating nitrogen limitation and calcium ion addition.
To further improve the ganoderic acid (GA) production, a novel integrated strategy by combining nitrogen limitation and calcium ion addition was developed. The effects of the integrated combination on the content of GA-T (one powerful anticancer compound), their intermediates (squalene and lanosterol) and on the transcription levels of GA biosynthetic genes in G. lucidum fermentation were investigated. The maximum GA-T content with the integrated strategy were 1.87 mg/ 100 mg dry cell weight, which was 2.1-4.2 fold higher than that obtained with either calcium ion addition or nitrogen limitation alone, and it is also the highest record as ever reported in submerged fermentation of G. lucidum. The squalene content was increased by 3.9- and 2.2-fold in this case compared with either individual strategy alone. Moreover, the transcription levels of the GA biosynthetic genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and lanosterol synthase were also up-regulated by 3.3-7.5 and 1.3-2.3 fold, respectively.
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
Huan-Jun
HJ
Li
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
De-Huai
DH
Zhang
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
Li-Liang
LL
Han
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
Xuya
X
Yu
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
Peng
P
Zhao
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
Tao
T
Li
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Jian-Jiang
JJ
Zhong
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China. xjuwei@163.com.
Jun-Wei
JW
Xu
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D020940:Reishi / Q000254:growth & development*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*
D014315:Triterpenes; C556862:ganoderic acid; D009584:Nitrogen; D002118:Calcium
Bioactive secondary metabolites; Bioprocessing strategy; Ganoderic acid production; Ganoderma lucidum; Medicinal mushroom fermentation