Fenton's treatment as an effective treatment for elderberry effluents: economical evaluation.
The utilization of Fenton's oxidation for the depuration of elderberry juice wastewater was studied. The aim was to select the adequate cost-effective operating conditions suitable to lead to an effluent within the legal thresholds to be discharged into the natural water courses. The treatment efficacy was assessed by chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, phenolic content and total solids removal besides its ability to improve biodegradability (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD). Moreover, the costs of the applied reactants were also considered. Fenton's reaction was able to abate at least 70% of COD (corresponding to a final value below 150 mg O2 L(-1)). Besides, total phenolic content degradation was always achieved. Within these conditions, the resulting effluent is able to be directly discharged into the natural hydric channels. Fenton oxidation could be successfully applied as a single treatment method with a reactant cost of 4.38 € m(-3) ([Fe(2+)] = 20 mmol L(-1), [H2O2] = 100 mmol L(-1), pH = 3 and 4 h of oxidation procedure).
a CIEPQPF - Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e Produtos da Floresta, GERST - Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra Pólo II , Coimbra , Portugal.|b Adventech - Advanced Environmental Technologies, Centro Empresarial e Tecnológico , São João da Madeira , Portugal.
Nuno
N
Amaral-Silva
a CIEPQPF - Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e Produtos da Floresta, GERST - Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra Pólo II , Coimbra , Portugal.
Rui C
RC
Martins
b Adventech - Advanced Environmental Technologies, Centro Empresarial e Tecnológico , São João da Madeira , Portugal.
Sérgio
S
Castro-Silva
a CIEPQPF - Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e Produtos da Floresta, GERST - Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Coimbra Pólo II , Coimbra , Portugal.
Rosa M
RM
Quinta-Ferreira
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D027923:Sambucus / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D010636:Phenols; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045076:Fenton's reagent
Fenton treatment; biological treatment; economical assessment; elderberry wastewater; legal requirements