Base-Free Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Ruthenium Catalysts Supported on Covalent Triazine Frameworks.
The base-free aqueous-phase oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxilic acid (FDCA) was performed at 140 °C and 20 bar of synthetic air as the oxidant. Ru clusters supported on covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) enabled superior conversion (99.9%) and FDCA yields in comparison to other support materials such as activated carbon and γ-Al2O3 after only 1 h. The properties of the CTFs such as pore volume, specific surface area, and polarity could be tuned by using different monomers. These material properties influence the catalytic activity of Ru/CTF significantly as mesoporous CTFs showed superior activity compared to microporous materials, whereas high polarities provide further beneficial effects. The recyclability of the prepared Ru/CTF catalysts was comparable to that of Ru/C at high conversions and product yields. Nevertheless, minor deactivation in five successive recycling experiments was observed.
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
Jens
J
Artz
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany. palkovits@itmc.rwth-aachen.de.
Regina
R
Palkovits
D002384:Catalysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D058105:Polymerization; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
D002712:Chlorides; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005663:Furans; D014227:Triazines; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D014867:Water; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; C551400:2,5-furandicarboxylic acid; D012428:Ruthenium; C016837:zinc chloride; D005662:Furaldehyde
biomass; heterogeneous catalysis; oxidation; ruthenium; supported catalysts