Assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers - neuroprostanes and dihomo-isoprostanes - in the urine of elite triathletes after two weeks of moderate-altitude training.
This randomized and controlled trial investigated whether the increase in elite training at different altitudes altered the oxidative stress biomarkers of the nervous system. This is the first study to investigate four F4-neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs) and four F2-dihomo-isoprostanes (F2-dihomo-IsoPs) quantified in 24-h urine. The quantification was carried out by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Sixteen elite triathletes agreed to participate in the project. They were randomized in two groups, a group submitted to altitude training (AT, n = 8) and a group submitted to sea level training (SLT) (n = 8), with a control group (Cg) of non-athletes (n = 8). After the experimental period, the AT group triathletes gave significant data: 17-epi-17-F2t-dihomo-IsoP (from 5.2 ± 1.4 μg/mL 24 h(-1) to 6.6 ± 0.6 μg/mL 24 h(-1)), ent-7(RS)-7-F2t-dihomo-IsoP (from 6.6 ± 1.7 μg/mL 24 h(-1) to 8.6 ± 0.9 μg/mL 24 h(-1)), and ent-7-epi-7-F2t-dihomo-IsoP (from 8.4 ± 2.2 μg/mL 24 h(-1) to 11.3 ± 1.8 μg/mL 24 h(-1)) increased, while, of the neuronal degeneration-related compounds, only 10-epi-10-F4t-NeuroP (8.4 ± 1.7 μg/mL 24 h(-1)) and 10-F4t-NeuroP (5.2 ± 2.9 μg/mL 24 h(-1)) were detected in this group. For the Cg and SLT groups, no significant changes had occurred at the end of the two-week experimental period. Therefore, and as the main conclusion, the training at moderate altitude increased the F4-NeuroPs- and F2-dihomo-isoPs-related oxidative damage of the central nervous system compared to similar training at sea level.
a Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , Murcia , Spain ;
Libia Alejandra
LA
García-Flores
a Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , Murcia , Spain ;
Sonia
S
Medina
b Faculty of Education , University of Alicante , Alicante , Spain ;
Roberto
R
Cejuela
b Faculty of Education , University of Alicante , Alicante , Spain ;
José Miguel
JM
Martínez-Sanz
c Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 & Montpellier 2 - ENSCM , Montpellier , France ;
Camille
C
Oger
c Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 & Montpellier 2 - ENSCM , Montpellier , France ;
Jean-Marie
JM
Galano
c Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 & Montpellier 2 - ENSCM , Montpellier , France ;
Thierry
T
Durand
d Clinical Analysis Service , University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain.
Teresa
T
Casas-Pina
d Clinical Analysis Service , University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca , Murcia , Spain.
Pedro
P
Martínez-Hernández
a Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , Murcia , Spain ;
Federico
F
Ferreres
a Department of Food Science and Technology , CEBAS-CSIC , Murcia , Spain ;
Ángel
Á
Gil-Izquierdo
D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D015444:Exercise; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058632:Neuroprostanes / Q000652:urine*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D058632:Neuroprostanes
Altitude; UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS; dihomo-isoprostanes; neuroprostanes; oxidative stress; physical exercise