microRNAs as pharmacogenomic biomarkers for drug efficacy and drug safety assessment.
Much evidence has documented that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the modulation of interindividual variability in the production of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) and nuclear receptors (NRs) through multidirectional interactions involving environmental stimuli/stressors, the expression of miRNA molecules and genetic polymorphisms. MiRNA expression has been reported to be affected by drugs and miRNAs themselves may affect drug metabolism and toxicity. In cancer research, miRNA biomarkers have been identified to mediate intrinsic and acquired resistance to cancer therapies. In drug safety assessment, miRNAs have been found associated with cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This review article summarizes published studies to show that miRNAs can serve as early biomarkers for the evaluation of drug efficacy and drug safety.
Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Igor
I
Koturbash
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
William H
WH
Tolleson
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Lei
L
Guo
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Dianke
D
Yu
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Si
S
Chen
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Huixiao
H
Hong
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
William
W
Mattes
National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Baitang
B
Ning
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety
D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
biomarker; cardiotoxicity; drug efficacy; drug metabolizing enzymes; drug safety; hepatotoxicity; microRNA; nephrotoxicity