Changes in induction methods have not influenced cesarean section rates among women with induced labor.
BACKGROUND
Induction of labor has become more common in most countries during the last decade. We have compared methods and routines of labor induction as practiced in Norway in 2003 and 2013, and surveyed practices with regard to induction of labor without a medical indication in 2013.


METHODS
A telephone interview with all delivery units in Norway was conducted in 2003. Data on preferred induction methods, use of prostaglandin, dosages, dose intervals and routes of administration were collected. In 2013, the same questionnaire was used, with additional questions on induction of labor without a medical indication. Data on overall cesarean section and induction rates were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.


RESULTS
From 2003 to 2013 the induction rate increased by 62% and the cesarean section rate by 6%. The cesarean section rate in women with induced labor remained stable at 17.1 and 17.4%, respectively. In 2003, 31 of 43 hospitals used dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction. In 2013, 34 of 39 hospitals used misoprostol. A cervical balloon was used in three of 43 hospitals in 2003 compared with 31 of 39 in 2013. All but one hospital induced labor without a strict medical indication in 2013.


CONCLUSIONS
The preferred methods for induction of labor changed within a decade to the use of misoprostol and cervical balloon. Induction of labor without strict medical indications is widely practiced. The changed induction methods have not influenced the cesarean section rates in women with induced labors.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.|Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Malin
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-0730
M
Dögl
Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Eszter
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-076X
E
Vanky
Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Runa
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-8818
R
Heimstad
D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000639:trends*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D016595:Misoprostol; D009664:Norway; D009775:Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital / Q000639:trends; D010120:Oxytocics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; D015232:Dinoprostone
Induction of labor; Norway; cervical balloon; cesarean section; dinoprostone; misoprostol