Evolution of Movement Disorders Surgery Leading to Contemporary Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Tremor.
Progressively less invasive neurosurgical approaches for the treatment of movement disorders have evolved, beginning with open craniotomy for placement of lesions within pyramidal structures followed by refined stereotactic ablation of extrapyramidal targets that encouraged nondestructive electrode stimulation of deep brain structures. A noninvasive approach using transcranial high-energy focused ultrasound has emerged for the treatment of intractable tremor. The ability to target discreet intracranial sites millimeters in size through the intact skull using focused acoustic energy marks an important milestone in movement disorders surgery. This article describes the evolution of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for ventrolateral thalamotomy for tremor.
Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA.
Hena
H
Ahmed
Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA.
Wesley
W
Field
Department of Neurology, South Shore Hospital, 55 Fogg Road, Weymouth, MA 02190, USA.
Michael T
MT
Hayes
Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César São Paulo, Brazil.
William Omar Contreras
WO
Lopez
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA.
Nathan
N
McDannold
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA.
Srinivasan
S
Mukundan
Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: tstierney@partners.org.
Travis S
TS
Tierney
D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
Essential tremor; Focused ultrasound; Movement disorders; Pallidotomy; Thalamotomy; Thermography