Uric acid, carotid intima-media thickness and body composition in prepubertal children.
Increased uric acid is an independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease in obese adolescents and adults.



We investigated whether uric acid relates to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in prepubertal children, and whether body mass index (BMI) and preperitoneal fat modulate this association.



359 asymptomatic prepubertal Caucasian children were stratified according to BMI categories (171 with BMI-SDS < 0; 188 with BMI-SDS ≥ 0) and according to preperitoneal fat levels (180 with preperitoneal fat <50th centile; 179 with preperitoneal fat >50th centile). Uric acid levels, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), triacylglycerol (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), abdominal fat and cIMT (both by ultrasound) were assessed.



Uric acid was associated with several cardiovascular risk factors, namely higher HOMA-IR, CRP, TG, BMI, waist, SBP, preperitoneal fat and cIMT (all P < 0.001 to P < 0.0001). Significant BMI and preperitoneal fat interactions were documented in the relationship between uric acid and cIMT (both P < 0.05), as uric acid was preferentially related to cIMT in heavier children (β = 0.247, P < 0.001, r(2)  = 9.1%) and in children with more preperitoneal fat (β = 0.263, P < 0.0001, r(2)  = 11.9%).



Serum uric acid is associated with cIMT in asymptomatic prepubertal children. Both higher BMI and preperitoneal fat aggravate the potential risk of atherosclerotic disease imposed by higher concentrations of uric acid.
Pediatrics Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain. jbassols@idibgi.org.|Pediatrics, Dr. JosepTrueta Hospital, Girona, Spain. jbassols@idibgi.org.
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Bassols
Pediatrics Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.|Forensic Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine of Catalonia, Girona, Spain.
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Martínez-Calcerrada
Pediatrics Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.|Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES University School, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Prats-Puig
Pediatrics Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.|Pediatrics, Dr. JosepTrueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.
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Carreras-Badosa
Pediatrics Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.|Pediatrics, Dr. JosepTrueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.
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Díaz-Roldán
Pediatrics, Salut Empordà Foundation, Figueres, Spain.
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Osiniri
Pediatrics, Salut Empordà Foundation, Figueres, Spain.
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Riera-Pérez
Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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de Zegher
Pediatric Endocrinology, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBERDEM (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Ibáñez
Pediatrics Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain.|Pediatrics, Dr. JosepTrueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.|TransLab Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (A.L-B), University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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López-Bermejo
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Body fat distribution; carotid intima-media thickness; obesity; uric acid