Novel biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment: current status and future directions.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the modern world. Traditional risk algorithms may miss up to 20% of CVD events. Therefore, there is a need for new cardiac biomarkers. Many fields of research are dedicated to improving cardiac risk prediction, including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. To date, even the most promising biomarkers have only demonstrated modest associations and predictive ability. Few have undergone randomized control trials. A number of biomarkers are targets to new therapies aimed to reduce cardiovascular risk. Currently, some of the most promising risk prediction has been demonstrated with panels of multiple biomarkers. This article reviews the current state and future of proteomic biomarkers and aggregate biomarker panels.
Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Building A, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
James
J
MacNamara
Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Building A, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Danny J
DJ
Eapen
Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Building A, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Arshed
A
Quyyumi
Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Building A, Suite 2200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Laurence
L
Sperling
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers
CRP; Lp(a); Lp-PLA2; aggregate biomarker panels; biomarker; fibrinogen; proteomics; troponin