Gene-diet interaction of a common FADS1 variant with marine polyunsaturated fatty acids for fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes among men.
METHODS
Limited information exists on how the relationship between dietary intake of fat and fatty acids in erythrocytes and plasma is modulated by polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster. We examined gene-diet interaction of total marine PUFA intake with a known gene encoding Δ-5 desaturase enzyme (FADS1) variant (rs174550) for fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and plasma phospholipids (PL), cholesteryl esters (CE), and triglycerides (TG).


RESULTS
In this cross-sectional study, fatty acid compositions were measured using GC, and total intake of polyunsaturated fat from fish and fish oil was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire in a subsample (n = 962) of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men Study. We found nominally significant gene-diet interactions for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in erythrocytes (pinteraction = 0.032) and for EPA in plasma PL (pinteraction = 0.062), CE (pinteraction = 0.035), and TG (pinteraction = 0.035), as well as for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) in PL (pinteraction = 0.007). After excluding omega-3 supplement users, we found a significant gene-diet interaction for EPA in erythrocytes (pinteraction < 0.003). In a separate cohort of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study, the same locus was strongly associated with hepatic mRNA expression of FADS1 (p = 1.5 × 10(-10) ).


CONCLUSIONS
FADS1 variants may modulate the relationship between marine fatty acid intake and circulating levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Markus J
MJ
Takkunen
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Vanessa D
VD
de Mello
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Ursula S
US
Schwab
Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Johanna
J
Kuusisto
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Maija
M
Vaittinen
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Jyrki J
JJ
Ågren
Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Markku
M
Laakso
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Jussi
J
Pihlajamäki
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Matti I J
MI
Uusitupa
D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005387:Finland; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery
D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C000716847:FADS1 protein, human
Desaturase; FADS1; Gene-diet interaction; Hepatic mRNA expression; Omega-3