Nutritional and therapeutic approaches to modulate NADPH oxidase-derived ROS signaling in platelets.
Experimental and clinical studies provided evidence that formation of intra-platelet reactive oxidant species (ROS) is implicated in the process of thrombosis. Animal models demonstrated that enhanced ROS formation was associated with serious thrombotic complications and death. In recent years, nutritional and therapeutic approaches were tested to modulate ROS mediated thrombus formation. The use of a nutritional approach stems from the observation that foods rich in antioxidant elements, such as polyphenols, were able to modulate ROS formation. Similarly, some drugs used for different diseases (i.e. statins) showed the ability to modulate oxidative stress. Aim of this review is to summarize current evidences supporting the role of nutrients rich in polyphenols, such as olive oil and cocoa, and of some drugs, such as statins as antiplatelet agents interfering with the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase signaling. Indeed, for nutrients and statins, the antiplatelet activity seems to be dependent, at least in part, upon the inhibition of platelet NADPH oxidase-derived ROS formation, resulting in down-regulation of isoprostanes, which are pro-aggregating molecules, and up-regulation of nitric oxide, which is a platelet inhibitor.
I ClinicaMedica, Sapienza University Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Roma 00161, Italy. francesco.violi@uniroma1.it.
Francesco
F
Violi
Daniele
D
Pastori
Roberto
R
Carnevale
Pasquale
P
Pignatelli
D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases