title: Neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes compared with non-diabetic twins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies with gestational diabetes (GDM) and preexisting diabetes with non-diabetic twin pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  US birth data from 2006 to 2009 was used to compare twin pregnancies of 16 562 GDM and 2137 preexisting diabetic with 258 857 non-diabetic twin gestations. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated to assess effects of GDM and preexisting diabetes on neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twin pregnancies with GDM vs non-diabetic twin pregnancies demonstrated decreased 5-min Apgar scores <4 (aOR 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.94), fewer births before 32 weeks gestation (aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.68-0.76), decreased birth weight less than the tenth percentile (aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.81-0.89) and fifth percentile (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.89) and a trend toward lower rates of neonatal death (aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68-1.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain adverse outcomes in pregnancies with GDM may be attenuated in twin gestations; however, further investigation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Foeller
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D066087:Perinatal Death; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult