title: Analysis of Replicating Mitochondrial DNA by In Organello Labeling and Two-Dimensional Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
abstract: Our understanding of the mechanisms of DNA replication in a broad range of organisms and viruses has benefited from the application of two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis (2D-AGE). The method resolves DNA molecules on the basis of size and shape and is technically straightforward. 2D-AGE sparked controversy in the field of mitochondria when it revealed replicating molecules with lengthy tracts of RNA, a phenomenon never before reported in nature. More recently, radioisotope labeling of the DNA in the mitochondria has been coupled with 2D-AGE. In its first application, this procedure helped to delineate the "bootlace mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication," in which processed mitochondrial transcripts are hybridized to the lagging strand template at the replication fork as the leading DNA strand is synthesized. This chapter provides details of the method, how it has been applied to date and concludes with some potential future applications of the technique.
authors.affiliation: MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, The Rideway, Mill Hill, London, NW71AA, UK. iholt@nimr.mrc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kazak
authors.affiliation: MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: 2D-AGE; DNA labeling; DNA replication; Humans; Mammals; Mitochondrial DNA; Replication intermediates; Two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis