title: Comparing Motivational Interviewing-Based Treatment and its combination with Nicotine Replacement Therapy on smoking cessation in prisoners: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of smoking is much higher in prisoners than it is in the general population. Prisoners who smoke cause many health problems for themselves and other prisoners. Therefore, we should help them stop smoking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of motivational interviewing-based (MI-based) treatment and its combination with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) on smoking cessation in prisoners at Mashhad Central Prison.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, and it began in February 2013 and ended in February 2014. Two hundred and thirteen prisoners met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. They were divided randomly into three groups, i.e., MI-based treatment, MI with NRT, and the control group, which didn't receive any therapy. The outcome measures were reported after intervention and at a 90-day follow-up, and changes in the CO levels in expired air and nicotine dependency were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the subjects was 37.59 ± 8.76, and their mean duration of imprisonment was 3.3 ± 1.90 years. They smoked an average of 21.84 ± 8.72 cigarettes per day. Analysis of the concentration of CO in expired air in the pre-test, post-test, and at the follow-up for the three groups showed that the variations in the mean CO concentrations in the MI group and the MI with NRT group at the pre-test and at the post-test were statistically significant (p < 0.001), but no significant changes occurred between the post-test and the follow-up (p > 0.050). In addition, the results indicated that CO concentration in expired air in the MI with NRT group was statistically significant, with better efficacy of smoking cessation, compared with control group and the MI group after the follow-up (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motivational interviewing combined with NRT for smoking cessation is more effective than MI alone, and it resulted in a significant decrease in the CO concentration in expired air at the 90-day follow-up.
authors.affiliation: M.D, MPH, Educational and Research Centre, District XI of State Prisons, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: M.D, MPH, M.Sc., Ph.D., Associate Professor and Consultant Physician of Clinical Toxicology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Afshari
authors.affiliation: M.D, Educational and Research Centre, District XI of State Prisons, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.affiliation: M.D, Educational and Research Centre, District XI of State Prisons, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abasspour
authors.affiliation: Ph.D. of Health Education, Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center and Department of Health Education, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahedian-Shahroodi
keywords: motivational interviewing; nicotine replacement therapy; prisoners; smoking cessation