title: UGT1A1 Mediated Drug Interactions and its Clinical Relevance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The administration of multiple drugs for the treatment of diseases is an integral aspect of modern medicine. Though its purpose is to create the intended therapeutic effect, the unintended consequences of drug interactions can cause severe side effects and subsequent economic losses. Likewise, herbal extracts and supplements with pharmacologically active moieties also have the potential to interact with medications. There are many possible mechanisms on how these moieties could potentially interact, one of which is mediated by modulation of the activity of metabolizing enzymes. One such enzyme of high clinical significance is uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). Genetic polymorphism of UGT1A1 has been found to affect the plasma concentrations of many drugs, and may even be linked to treatment outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This mini-review summarized the potential in vitro and in vivo interactions mediated by UGT1A1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, literature search was conducted using the Web of Knowledge database. No date limitation was applied to the search. Following which, the interactions were stratified into 3 main categories based on its clinical significance. Both herbal and pharmacological drug moieties are covered within the scope of this mini-review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 35 UGT1A1 induced drug interactions, likely and unlikely to be clinically significant interactions are 11 and 6 respectively. The rest of them are inconclusive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hope that this secondary literature can broaden and update the perspective of clinicians, pharmacists and academics on the interactions mediated by UGT1A1.
authors.forename: Chong Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Goon
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, P.O. Box: 117599, Singapore, Singapore. csiwl@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Ling Zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fang Cheng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Win Lwin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Thuya
authors.forename: Paul Chi-Lui
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Boon Cher
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Goh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D028321:Plant Preparations; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme