title: Medications between psychiatric and addictive disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many epidemiological studies have revealed a frequent co-occurrence of psychiatric and substance use disorders. The term used in the literature to refer to this co-occurrence is dual diagnosis. The high prevalence of dual diagnosis has led physicians to observe the effects of medication prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders on the co-occurring substance use disorder and vice versa. The concept of medications between psychiatric and addictive disorders stems from these clinical observations, alongside which, however, it has developed from the observation that both psychiatric and substance use disorders share common neurobiological pathways and trigger common cognitive disorders. This has led researchers to develop medications on the basis of neurobiological and cognitive rationales.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our article, we review peculiar medications based on neurobiological and cognitive rationales and that have an impact in both psychiatric and addictive disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We highlight how interesting these new prescriptions are for clinical observation and for the treatment of patients suffering from dual diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We then go on to discuss the interest in them from the perspective of clinical practice and clinical research, in that the development of medications to treat dual diagnosis helps to further our knowledge of both psychiatric and substance use disorders.
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Molé-culaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, France; CHRU de Strasbourg-INSERM1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: laurence.lalanne@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lalanne
authors.affiliation: McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: pierreric.lutz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pierre-Eric
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, France, EA 4452, LPPM, University of Burgundy, France. Electronic address: benoit.trojak@chu-dijon.fr.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trojak
authors.affiliation: CHRU de Strasbourg-INSERM1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: Jean-Philippe.lang@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Molé-culaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, France; Douglas Mental Health Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Electronic address: Brigitte.kieffer@douglas.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Brigitte L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Kieffer
authors.affiliation: Inserm U-1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: Elisabeth.bacon@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bacon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D006801:Humans; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Addiction; Clozapine; Cognition; Depression; Dual diagnosis; Mirtazapine; Modafinil; Psychiatric disorders; Schizophrenia