title: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Lysate Increases Re-Epithelialization of Keratinocyte Scratch Assays by Promoting Migration.
abstract: A limited number of studies have investigated the potential of probiotics to promote wound healing in the digestive tract. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether probiotic bacteria or their extracts could be beneficial in cutaneous wound healing. A keratinocyte monolayer scratch assay was used to assess re-epithelialization; which comprises keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Primary human keratinocyte monolayers were scratched then exposed to lysates of Lactobacillus (L) rhamnosus GG, L. reuteri, L. plantarum or L. fermentum. Re-epithelialization of treated monolayers was compared to that of untreated controls. Lysates of L. rhamnosus GG and L. reuteri significantly increased the rate of re-epithelialization, with L. rhamnosus GG being the most efficacious. L. reuteri increased keratinocyte proliferation while L. rhamnosus GG lysate significantly increased proliferation and migration. Microarray analysis of L. rhamnosus GG treated scratches showed increased expression of multiple genes including the chemokine CXCL2 and its receptor CXCR2. These are involved in normal wound healing where they stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and/or migration. Increased protein expression of both CXCL2 and CXCR2 were confirmed by ELISA and immunoblotting. These data demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GG lysate accelerates re-epithelialization of keratinocyte scratch assays, potentially via chemokine receptor pairs that induce keratinocyte migration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK.
authors.forename: Walaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mohammedsaeed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK.
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
authors.affiliation: Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McBain
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester UK.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D062326:Re-Epithelialization / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000276:immunology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C499706:CXCL2 protein, human; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B