title: Influence of consciousness, muscle action and activity on medial condyle translation after Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantification of the in vivo position of the medial condyle throughout flexion is important for knee replacement design, and understanding knee pathology. The influence of consciousness, muscle action, and activity type on condyle translation was examined in patients who had undergone medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) using lateral video fluoroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The position of the centre of the femoral component relative to the tibial component was measured for nine patients under different conditions. The following activities were assessed; passive flexion and extension when anaesthetised, passive flexion and extension when conscious, and active flexion, extension and step-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The position of the centre of the femoral component relative to the tibial component was highly patient dependent. The greatest average translation range (14.9 mm) was observed in anaesthetised patients, and the condyle was significantly more anterior near to extension. Furthermore, when conscious but being moved passively, the femoral condyle translated a greater range (8.9 mm) than when moving actively (5.2mm). When ascending stairs, the femoral condyle was more posterior at 20-30° of flexion than during flexion/extension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The similarity between these results and published data suggest that knee kinematics following mobile-bearing UKR is relatively normal. The results show that in the normal knee and after UKR, knee kinematics is variable and is influenced by the patient, consciousness, muscle action, and activity type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is therefore essential that all these factors are considered during knee replacement design, if the aim is to achieve more normal knee kinematics.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: elise.pegg@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pegg
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Orthopaedic Group, 33 The Avenue, Windsor, VIC 3181, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baré
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Fluoroscopy; Kinematics; Knee; Unicompartmental