title: Protective effects of quercetin glycosides, rutin, and isoquercetrin against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that free radicals induced oxidative stress is a major causative agent in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease. Quercetin glycosides, namely rutin and isoquercitrin, are flavonoid polyphenol compounds found ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables and have been known to possess antioxidant effects. This study was designed to compare the neuroprotective effects of quercetin glycosides rutin and isoquercitrin in 6-OHDA-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. The results showed that both rutin and isoquercitrin significantly increased antioxidant enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione level that were attenuated by 6-OHDA in PC-12 cells. There was no significant difference in the activation of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase enzymes between rutin and isoquercitrin. These two glycosides were equally effective in suppressing lipid peroxidation in 6-OHDA-induced PC-12 cells as both compounds suppressed the malondialdehyde generation and prevented cell damage. In conclusion, quercetin glycosides rutin and isoquercetrin are having a significant neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA toxicity in PC-12 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nilai University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kasthuri Bai
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Magalingam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nilai University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ammu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia haleagrahara.nagaraja@jcu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nagaraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haleagrahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C016527:isoquercitrin; D012431:Rutin; D016627:Oxidopamine; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; antioxidant; flavonoids; oxidative stress