title: TGF-β Signaling in Stem Cell Regulation.
abstract: The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines, including TGF-β, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), and activin/nodal, is a group of crucial morphogens in embryonic development, and plays key roles in modulating stem/progenitor cell fate. TGF-β signaling is essential in maintaining the pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and its modulation can direct lineage-specific differentiation. Recent studies also demonstrate TGF-β signaling negatively regulates reprogramming and inhibition of TGF-β signaling can enhance reprogramming through facilitating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). This chapter introduces methods of modulating somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs and neural induction from hPSCs through modulating TGF-β signaling by chemical approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Wenlin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, 201210, China.
authors.forename: Wanguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. sheng.ding@gladstone.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Neural induction; Pluripotent stem cells; Reprogramming