title: Review and Current Status of Opisthorchis viverrini Infection at the Community Level in Thailand.
abstract: Opisthorchis viverrini is remains a public health problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeast and north regions which have the highest incidences of chonalgiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini causes the disease opithorchiasis, and its has been classified as a group 1 biological carcinogen. Humans, dogs, and cats become infected with O. viverrini by ingesting raw or undercooked fish containing infective metacercariae. The first human cases of O. viverrini infection were reported in Thailand 100 years ago, and it's still a problem at the community level. Based on data for the year 2009, more than 6 million people were infected with O. viverrini. Associated medical care and loss of wages in Thailand costs about $120 million annually. This review highlights the current status of O. viverrini infection in communities of Thailand through active surveillance for the five years period from 2010 and 2015. A total of 17 community-based surveys were conducted, most in the northeast region. Some 7 surveys demonstrated a high prevalence over 20%, and the highest was 45.7%. Most commonly infection was found in age group of 35 years and older, males, and agricultural workers. Although, the national prevalence may be decreasing but the results show that the O. viverrini infection is still high in communities of the northeast region. Therefore, the focus in populations living in northeast Thailand should be screening of infection and changing their eating behavior.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Public Health, Vongchavalitkul University, Thailand E-mail : natthawut.k@hotmail.com, natthawut_kae@vu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Natthawut
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaewpitoon
authors.forename: Nusorn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kootanavanichpong
authors.forename: Ponthip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kompor
authors.forename: Wasugree
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chavenkun
authors.forename: Jirawoot
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kujapun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norkaew
authors.forename: Sukanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponphimai
authors.forename: Likit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matrakool
authors.forename: Taweesak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tongtawee
authors.forename: Sukij
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panpimanmas
authors.forename: Ratana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rujirakul
authors.forename: Natnapa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Padchasuwan
authors.forename: Poowadol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pholsripradit
authors.forename: Thawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eksanti
authors.forename: Tanida
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phatisena
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Loyd
authors.forename: Soraya J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kaewpitoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000469:parasitology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000254:growth & development*; D015995:Prevalence; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology