title: Reduction of microbleeds by immunosuppression in a patient with Aβ-related vascular inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the occurrence or clearance of microhemorrhages in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related vascular inflammation can be modified by immunosuppressive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and radiologic follow-up for more than 5 years of a patient with histopathologically confirmed CAA-related vascular inflammation treated with a prolonged and tapered regimen of IV cyclophosphamide and oral steroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under long-term immunosuppressive treatment, a reduced number of cortical micobleeds was observed on repeat MRIs because of both the prevention of new microbleeds and the clearance of those existing at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustained immunosuppression should be considered and systematically investigated as a treatment option for cortical microbleeds in CAA and related inflammatory phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study provides Class IV evidence. This is a single observational study without controls.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traschütz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Theophilos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tzaridis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Arndt-Hendrik
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Penner
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuchelmeister
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hattingen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology (A.T., T.T., M.T.H.), Neuroradiology (A.-H.P., E.H.), and Neuropathology (K.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (H.U.), University of Freiburg, Germany; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.T.H.), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Heneka