title: Trends in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae and ESBL Genes in a Dutch Teaching Hospital, Measured in 5 Yearly Point Prevalence Surveys (2010-2014).
abstract: This paper describes the trends in prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and ESBL genes, measured in five consecutive yearly Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS). All patients present in the hospital and in a day-care clinic (including patients on dialysis) on the day of the survey, were screened for perianal ESBL-E carriage. Perianal swabs were taken and cultured using an enrichment broth and a selective agar plate. Both phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to detect the production of ESBL, presence of ESBL-genes and clonal relatedness. Out of 2,695 patients, 135 (5.0%) were tested ESBL-E positive. The overall ESBL-E prevalence was stable over the years. Overall 5.2% of all ESBL-E were acquired by nosocomial transmission. A relative decrease of CTX-M-1-1-like ESBL genes (from 44 to 25%, p = 0.026) was observed, possibly related to the strong (>60%) decrease in antibiotic use in livestock in our country during the same period.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oome
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verduin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluytmans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases