title: Current perspectives of molecular pathways involved in chronic inflammation-mediated breast cancer.
abstract: Inflammation has multifaceted role in cancer progression including initiation, promotion and invasion by affecting the immune surveillance and associated signaling pathways. Inflammation facilitates the over-expression of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors involved in progression of different cancers including breast cancer progression. Deregulation of biological processes such as oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and autophagy elicit favorable immune response towards chronic inflammation. Apart from the role in carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation also favors the emergence of drug resistance clones by inducing the growth of breast cancer stem-like cells. Immunomodulation mediated by cytokines, chemokines and several other growth factors present in the tumor microenvironment regulate chronic inflammatory response and alter crosstalk among various signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Nrf-2, JAK-STAT, Akt and MAPKs involved in the progression of breast cancer. In this review, we focused on cellular and molecular processes involved in chronic inflammation, crosstalk among different signaling pathways and their association in breast cancer pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suman
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: drpksiitr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prachi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: yshukla@iitr.res.in.
authors.forename: Yogeshwer
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000276:immunology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: Breast cancer; Cancer progression; Chronic inflammation; Immune cells; Signaling pathways