title: Surface-Engineered Contact Lens as an Advanced Theranostic Platform for Modulation and Detection of Viral Infection.
abstract: We have demonstrated an entirely new concept of a wearable theranostic device in the form of a contact lens (theranostic lens) with a dual-functional hybrid surface to modulate and detect a pathogenic attack, using a the corneal HSV serotype-1 (HSV-1) model. The theranostic lenses were constructed using a facile layer-by-layer surface engineering technique, keeping the theranostic lenses with good surface wettability, optically transparency, and nontoxic toward human corneal epithelial cells. The theranostic lenses were used to capture and concentrate inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α), which is upregulated during HSV-1 reactivation, for sensitive, noninvasive diagnostics. The theranostic lens also incorporated an antiviral coating to serve as a first line of defense to protect patients against disease. Our strategy tackles major problems in tear diagnostics that are mainly associated with the sampling of a relatively small volume of fluid and the low concentration of biomarkers. The theranostic lenses show effective anti-HSV-1 activity and good analytical performance for the detection of IL-1α, with a limit of detection of 1.43 pg mL(-1) and a wide linear range covering the clinically relevant region. This work offers a new paradigm for "wearable" noninvasive healthcare devices combining "diagnosis" and "protection" against disease, while supporting patient compliance. We believe that this approach holds immense promise as a next-generation point-of-care and decentralized diagnostic/theranostic platform for a range of biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden.|Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Wing Cheung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kwan Yee
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orban
authors.affiliation: Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Chyan-Jang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University , 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anthony P F
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University , 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D016923:Cell Death; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000821:virology*; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D044085:Microfluidics; D036103:Nanotechnology; D013499:Surface Properties; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D053582:Interleukin-1alpha
keywords: antiviral; contact lens; cornea; diagnostics; theranostics