title: A DNA Mini-Barcoding System for Authentication of Processed Fish Products.
abstract: Species substitution is a form of seafood fraud for the purpose of economic gain. DNA barcoding utilizes species-specific DNA sequence information for specimen identification. Previous work has established the usability of short DNA sequences-mini-barcodes-for identification of specimens harboring degraded DNA. This study aims at establishing a DNA mini-barcoding system for all fish species commonly used in processed fish products in North America. Six mini-barcode primer pairs targeting short (127-314 bp) fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) DNA barcode region were developed by examining over 8,000 DNA barcodes from species in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Seafood List. The mini-barcode primer pairs were then tested against 44 processed fish products representing a range of species and product types. Of the 44 products, 41 (93.2%) could be identified at the species or genus level. The greatest mini-barcoding success rate found with an individual primer pair was 88.6% compared to 20.5% success rate achieved by the full-length DNA barcode primers. Overall, this study presents a mini-barcoding system that can be used to identify a wide range of fish species in commercial products and may be utilized in high throughput DNA sequencing for authentication of heavily processed fish products.
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.|Department of Microbiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shokralla
authors.affiliation: Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
authors.forename: Rosalee S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hellberg
authors.affiliation: Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Handy
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajibabaei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000378:metabolism; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV