title: [Mild hypothermia inhibits TLR4 activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 mice microglias].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of mild hypothermia on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and downstream inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 microglias.
  
  
  METHODS
  BV-2 cells cultured in vitro were divided into 33 Degrees Celsius-PBS, 33 Degrees Celsius-LPS, 37 Degrees Celsius-PBS and 37 Degrees Celsius-LPS groups. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in BV-2 cells, Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in BV-2 cells, and ELISA to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the culture medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After LPS stimulated BV-2 cells, TLR4 pathway protein exhibited the trend of increasing firstly and decreasing afterwards, while the expression of NF-κB protein in the pathway downstream continued to increase, and the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly promoted. Mild hypothermia could significantly inhibit the transcription and expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB as well as the release of inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mild hypothermia could inhibit the LPS/TLR4 pathway in BV-2 cells, and depress the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergence, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Qilian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000276:immunology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha