title: A Profilometric Study to Assess the Role of Toothbrush and Toothpaste in Abrasion Process.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite of many studies conducted on toothbrushes and toothpaste to find out the culprit for abrasion, there is no clear cut evidence to pin point the real cause for abrasion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  An in vitro assessment of the role of different types of toothbrushes (soft/ medium/hard) in abrasion process when used in conjunction with and without a dentifrice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty five freshly extracted, sound, human incisor teeth were collected for this study. Enamel specimens of approximately 9 mm(2) were prepared by gross trimming of extracted teeth using a lathe machine (Baldor 340 Dental lathe; Ohio, USA). They were mounted on separate acrylic bases. The specimens were divided into three groups, each group containing 15 mounted specimens. Group 1 specimens were brushed with soft toothbrush; Group 2 brushed with medium toothbrush and Group 3 with hard toothbrush. Initially, all the mounted specimens in each group were brushed using dentifrice and then the same procedure was repeated with water as control. Profilometric readings were recorded pre and post to tooth brushing and the differences in readings served as proxy measure to assess surface abrasion. These values were then compared to each other. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that brushing, with water alone, caused less abrasion than when toothpaste was added (p< 0.008). When brushed with water, the harder toothbrush caused more abrasion (higher Ra-value), but when toothpaste was added, the softer toothbrush caused more abrasion (p< 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides supporting the fact that toothpaste is needed to create a significant abrasion, this study also showed that a softer toothbrush can cause more abrasion than harder ones. The flexibility of bristles is only secondary to abrasion process and abrasivity of dentifrice has an important role in abrasion process.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, India.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar Singh
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, India.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Consultant, Dafodyl dental Clinic, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sayak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajasthan Dental College, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sareen
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Pacific Dental College, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Sarang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khajuria
keywords: Abrasion; Profilometer; Tooth-paste; Toothbrush