title: The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Development of Inflammation in Lungs, Gut and Joints of TNFΔARE Mice.
abstract: The inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is a central mediator in many immune-mediated diseases, such as Crohn's disease (CD), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epidemiologic studies have shown that cigarette smoking (CS) is a prominent common risk factor in these TNF-dependent diseases. We exposed TNFΔARE mice; in which a systemic TNF-α overexpression leads to the development of inflammation; to 2 or 4 weeks of air or CS. We investigated the effect of deregulated TNF expression on CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and the effect of CS exposure on the initiation and progression of gut and joint inflammation. Upon 2 weeks of CS exposure, inflammation in lungs of TNFΔARE mice was significantly aggravated. However, upon 4 weeks of CS-exposure, this aggravation was no longer observed. TNFΔARE mice have no increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a diminished neutrophil response in the lungs after 4 weeks of CS exposure. In the gut and joints of TNFΔARE mice, 2 or 4 weeks of CS exposure did not modulate the development of inflammation. In conclusion, CS exposure does not modulate gut and joint inflammation in TNFΔARE mice. The lung responses towards CS in TNFΔARE mice however depend on the duration of CS exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allais
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karlijn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Debusschere
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, AZ Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verschuere
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Griet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conickx
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laukens
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Brusselle
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elewaut
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Claude A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuvelier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ken R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bracke
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C071332:Lcn2 protein, mouse