title: Effect of light-curable fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: an in-vivo study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the effect of a single application of Clinpro XT (3M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), a light-curable fluoride varnish, on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients (152 teeth) whose orthodontic treatment involved extraction of 4 first premolars were recruited. Two premolars each were assigned to the control group (no treatment) and the experimental group (received fluoride varnish application). The study was designed as a nonrandomized split-mouth study in which diagonally opposite quadrants received the same treatment. After the bonding procedures, a sectional T-loop was ligated into each bracket to serve as a site for plaque retention for enhanced demineralization. Clinpro XT was applied on the buccal surfaces adjacent to the brackets on all teeth in the experimental group only. Teeth in both groups were extracted after 15 days (n = 30), 30 days (n = 30), 45 days (n = 30), 90 days (n = 18), and 120 days (n = 18). Buccolingual sections were then evaluated under polarized light microscopy. After we excluded the dropouts, the mean depth of the demineralized enamel lesions was measured in final sample of 126 teeth. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, the depths of the demineralized enamel lesions increased from 30 to 120 days, whereas in the experimental group no sign of demineralization was noted throughout the observation period except for 3 teeth. Significant differences in the depths of demineralized lesions were found between the study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinpro XT light-curable fluoride varnish may be a reasonable alternative in the reduction of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets, especially in noncompliant and high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paramshivam
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Electronic address: drvinaychd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vinay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chugh
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Surjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hyderabad Karnataka Education Society, S Nijalingappa Dental College, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halkai
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Hospital, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D065228:Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020724:Elastomers; D005460:Fluorides, Topical