title: Oral microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence suggests that the microbiota may be considered as an environmental factor that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Periodontal disease has been associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular events, and inflammation in the periodontium is suggested to increase the systemic inflammatory level of the host, which may in turn influence plaque composition and rupture. We previously showed that bacteria from the oral cavity and the gut could be found in atherosclerotic plaques.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate whether the oral microbiota composition differed between patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic atherosclerosis we performed pyrosequencing of the oral microbiota of 92 individuals including patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic atherosclerosis and control individuals without carotid plaques or previous stroke or myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall microbial structure was similar in controls and atherosclerosis patients, but patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis had higher relative abundance of Anaeroglobus (mean 0.040% (SD 0.049)) than the control group (0.010% (SD 0.028)) (P = 0.03). Using linear regression analysis, we found that Parvimonas associated positively with uCRP and Capnocytophaga, Catonella and Lactobacillus associated with blood lipid markers. In conclusion, abundance of Anaeroglobus in the oral cavity could be associated with symptomatic atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: Frida.Fak@food-health-science.lu.se.
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fåk
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tremaroli
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: Fredrik.Backhed@wlab.gu.se.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bäckhed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D021521:Ribotyping; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Oral microbiota; Pyrosequencing