title: Conditional long-term survival following minimally invasive robotic mitral valve repair: a health services perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conditional survival is defined as the probability of surviving an additional number of years beyond that already survived. The aim of this study was to compute conditional survival in patients who received a robotically assisted, minimally invasive mitral valve repair procedure (RMVP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who received RMVP with annuloplasty band from May 2000 through April 2011 were included. A 5- and 10-year conditional survival model was computed using a multivariable product-limit method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-smoking men (≤65 years) who presented in sinus rhythm had a 96% probability of surviving at least 10 years if they survived their first year following surgery. In contrast, recent female smokers (>65 years) with preoperative atrial fibrillation only had an 11% probability of surviving beyond 10 years if alive after one year post-surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the context of an increasingly managed healthcare environment, conditional survival provides useful information for patients needing to make important treatment decisions, physicians seeking to select patients most likely to benefit long-term following RMVP, and hospital administrators needing to comparatively assess the life-course economic value of high-tech surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jimmy T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Efird
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gudimella
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kindell
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Landrine
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hazaim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alwair
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kypson
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Wiley L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Nifong
authors.affiliation: 1 East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 2 Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA ; 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; 6 Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; 7 The College of Nursing at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA ; 8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: W Randolph
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chitwood
keywords: Conditional survival; minimally invasive; mitral valve repair; risk-stratification; robotic