title: Amsterdam tool for clinical medication review: development and testing of a comprehensive tool for pharmacists and general practitioners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug-related problems are prevalent among older patients, and substantially increase the risk of morbidity, (re-)hospitalisation and mortality. To detect drug-related problems and optimize treatment primary caregivers should periodically review the medication of older patients. The aim was to develop a structured, comprehensive but practicable tool to facilitate and support the reviewing of medication of older patients with a chronic disease by pharmacists and general practitioners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tool facilitating clinical medication review by community pharmacists was developed on the basis of treatment guidelines, literature data on drug-related problems. For the identification of drug-related problems from the patient's perspective, a script for structured interviews was developed. The tool was optimized by means of a Delphi method with an expert panel and testing in a trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medication review tool consists of a comprehensive checklist of 124 drug-related problems divided by 20 sections according to physiological systems and diseases, and includes a structured interview script for a patient interviews.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A structured, comprehensive and practical tool to assist pharmacists and general practitioners to perform clinical medication review including a list of potential drug-related problems in older patients with chronic disease, as well as a script for structured patient interviews, was developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy and the EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.mast@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy and the EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.ahmad@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy and the EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.c.hoogenboom@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sacha C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hoogenboom
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rational Drug Use, Utrecht, The Netherlands. waca012@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cambach
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine and the EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.elders@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Petra J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Elders
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine and the EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. g.nijpels@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Giel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nijpels
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy and the EMGO, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jg.hugtenburg@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jacqueline G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hugtenburg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057189:Checklist; D003697:Delphi Technique; D058005:General Practitioners; D006801:Humans; D054539:Medication Therapy Management; D009426:Netherlands; D010595:Pharmacists; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results