title: Is the Mediterranean diet a feasible approach to preserving cognitive function and reducing risk of dementia for older adults in Western countries? New insights and future directions.
abstract: The rise in the ageing population has resulted in increased incident rates of cognitive impairment and dementia. The subsequent financial and societal burden placed on an already strained public health care system is of increasing concern. Evidence from recent studies has revealed modification of lifestyle and dietary behaviours is, at present, the best means of prevention. Some of the most important findings, in relation to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the contemporary Western diet, and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these two diets on age-related cognitive function, are discussed in this review. A major aim of this review was to discuss whether or not a MedDiet intervention would be a feasible preventative approach against cognitive decline for older adults living in Western countries. Critical appraisal of the literature does somewhat support this idea. Demonstrated evidence highlights the MedDiet as a potential strategy to reduce cognitive decline in older age, and suggests the Western diet may play a role in the aetiology of cognitive decline. However, strong intrinsic Western socio-cultural values, traditions and norms may impede on the feasibility of this notion.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Australia. Electronic address: alissa.knight@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Australia.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Australia.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Ageing; Cognitive function; Mediterranean diet; Western diet