title: Retrospective complication rate comparison between surgical techniques in paediatric cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare paediatric complication occurrence between the Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy and the SupraMeatal Approach for cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children receiving a cochlear implant before 5 years of age between 1996 and 2014 in our tertiary center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 144 patients receiving a cochlear implant (121 by Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy and 23 by SupraMeatal Approach) operated on 165 ears (129 and 39 respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  The severity (minor or major) using Cohen and Hoffman criteria and time of occurrence of complications (intraoperative, early postoperative or late postoperative) were identified. Intraoperative surgical challenges were correlated to complication occurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at implantation was 2.13 ± 1.14 years old. Patients operated by the SupraMeatal Approach (1.27 ± 0.69 years old) were significantly (P < .001) younger than those receiving a cochlear implant by Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy Approach (2.40 ± 1.12). Most complications were minor (Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy Approach: 64.0%; SupraMeatal Approach: 73.1%) and occurred early postoperatively (Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy Approach: 61.5%; SupraMeatal Approach: 76.9%). More overall complications occurred in SupraMeatal compared to Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy Approach cases (61.5% versus 20.6%; P < .001). Younger SupraMeatal Approach cohort patients (6 - 12 and 18 - 24 months; P < .008 and P = .016) most often developed these complications. When looking at specific complications, more infectious complications occurred in patients receiving a cochlear implant through the SupraMeatal Approach (P < .05). Logistic regression showed that the surgical technique and not the age at implantation was responsible for the documented complications. No relationship between complications and intraoperative difficulties was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our institution, cochlear implantation in young patients through the SupraMeatal Approach resulted in significantly more (infectious) complications than those operated through the Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy Approach. Outcomes from our institution recommends using the Mastoidectomy with Posterior Tympanotomy Approach when opting for a cochlear implant surgical technique in young children who are more prone to develop infectious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ziylan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grolman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Topsakal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D009426:Netherlands; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies