title: Repurposing the Microsoft Kinect for Windows v2 for external head motion tracking for brain PET.
abstract: Medical imaging systems such as those used in positron emission tomography (PET) are capable of spatial resolutions that enable the imaging of small, functionally important brain structures. However, the quality of data from PET brain studies is often limited by subject motion during acquisition. This is particularly challenging for patients with neurological disorders or with dynamic research studies that can last 90 min or more. Restraining head movement during the scan does not eliminate motion entirely and can be unpleasant for the subject. Head motion can be detected and measured using a variety of techniques that either use the PET data itself or an external tracking system. Advances in computer vision arising from the video gaming industry could offer significant benefits when re-purposed for medical applications. A method for measuring rigid body type head motion using the Microsoft Kinect v2 is described with results presenting  ⩽0.5 mm spatial accuracy. Motion data is measured in real-time at 30 Hz using the KinectFusion algorithm. Non-rigid motion is detected using the residual alignment energy data of the KinectFusion algorithm allowing for unreliable motion to be discarded. Motion data is aligned to PET listmode data using injected pulse sequences into the PET/CT gantry allowing for correction of rigid body motion. Pilot data from a clinical dynamic PET/CT examination is shown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Gunn
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D009068:Movement; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*