title: Arthropod Surveillance Programs: Basic Components, Strategies, and Analysis.
abstract: Effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. Herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "Advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America in San Diego, CA. Interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring for urban, medical, and veterinary applications are reviewed. Arthropod surveillance consists of the three components: 1) sampling method, 2) trap technology, and 3) analysis technique. A sampling method consists of selecting the best device or collection technique for a specific location and sampling at the proper spatial distribution, optimal duration, and frequency to achieve the surveillance objective. Optimized sampling methods are discussed for several mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) and ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). The advantages and limitations of novel terrestrial and aerial insect traps, artificial pheromones and kairomones are presented for the capture of red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), small hive beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), andCulicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) respectively. After sampling, extrapolating real world population numbers from trap capture data are possible with the appropriate analysis techniques. Examples of this extrapolation and action thresholds are given for termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and red flour beetles.
authors.affiliation: Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS.
authors.forename: Lee W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Cohnstaedt
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Kateryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rochon
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, EL.
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duehl
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
authors.forename: Nan-Yao
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: University of California, Riverside, CA.
authors.forename: Alec C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gerry
authors.affiliation: NAMRU-3, US Navy, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Obenauer
authors.affiliation: Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lysyk
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, EL.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Allan
keywords: analysis technique; collection technique; insect monitoring; management plan; trapping technology