title: Management of the Metabolic Syndrome and the Obese Patient with Metabolic Disturbances: South Asian Perspective.
abstract: There is an increased prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) among South Asians. The phenotypes of obesity and body fat distribution are different in South Asians; they have high body fat, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat and fatty liver at a lower body mass index compared to white Caucasians; this has led to the frequent occurrence of morbidities related to a higher magnitude of adiposity [e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia]. The increasing prevalence of obesity and related diseases in the South Asian population requires aggressive lifestyle management including diet, physical activity and, sometimes, drugs. For therapeutic interventions, several drugs can be used either as mono- or combination therapy. Drugs like orlistat, which is used for the management of obesity, also reduce the risk of T2DM. Similarly, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors decrease low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, some drugs used for the treatment of HTN (e.g. β-blockers) may increase the risk of hyperglycemia and therefore need to be used with caution. Finally, to prevent obesity, MS and T2DM among South Asians, it is particularly important to effectively implement and strengthen population-based primary prevention strategies.
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019468:Disease Management; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008019:Life Style; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009043:Motor Activity; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018977:Micronutrients; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D009525:Niacin