title: Noncosmetic uses of botulinum toxin in otolaryngology.
abstract: Botulinum toxin has several noncosmetic uses in otolaryngology. It is the primary treatment for spasmodic dysphonia and may be effective in select patients who have essential tremor of the voice. It may also be used to treat swallowing difficulties caused by cricopharyngeal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Chairman, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. E-mail: benninm@ccf.org.|Professor of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Benninger
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine UPMC Voice Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Libby J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D001905:Botulinum Toxins