title: The Associations of Maternal Weight Change with Breastfeeding, Diet and Physical Activity During the Postpartum Period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between breastfeeding practices, diet and physical activity and maternal postpartum weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary data analysis of a randomized community trial on beneficiaries of the Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades, recently renamed Prospera (n = 314 pregnant women), without any diseases that could affect body weight. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the association between postpartum weight change and changes in diet, physical activity and type of breastfeeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean postpartum weight change from the first to the third month was 0.6 ± 2.2 kg. Women who breastfed exclusively for 3 months had a 4.1 (SE = 1.9) kg weight reduction in comparison with women who did not provide exclusive breastfeeding or who discontinued breastfeeding before 3 months (p = 0.04). There was no association between postpartum weight change and physical activity (p = 0.24) or energy intake (p = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with maternal postpartum weight reduction. These results reinforce the World Health Organization recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life in order to reduce the risk of weight retention or weight gain in postpartum women. It has been well established that exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial for both infants and mothers, but promoting breastfeeding as a strategy to promote postpartum weight loss is of paramount importance, especially in countries like Mexico where excessive weight in women of reproductive age is a public health problem.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. nancy.lopez@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López-Olmedo
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. cordero@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cordero
authors.affiliation: Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Rue de Vermont 37-39, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland. lneufeld@gainhealth.org.
authors.forename: Lynnette M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Neufeld
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. garciaf@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Guerra
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655 Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. fmejia@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mejía-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas A.C., Unidad Aguascalientes, Fray Bartolomé de las Casas 314, Barrio de la Estación, C.P. 20259, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico. imendez@cimat.mx.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Méndez Gómez-Humarán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008800:Mexico; D009035:Mothers; D009043:Motor Activity; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Body weight; Breastfeeding; Mexico; Postpartum period