title: Stability, purification, and applications of bromelain: A review.
abstract: Bromelain is a cysteine protease found in pineapple tissue. Because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, as well as its ability to induce apoptotic cell death, bromelain has proved useful in several therapeutic areas. The market for this protease is growing, and several studies exploring various properties of this molecule have been reported. This review aims to compile this data, and summarize the main findings on bromelain in the literature to date. The physicochemical properties and stability of bromelain under different conditions are discussed. Several studies on the purification of bromelain from crude extracts using a wide range of techniques such as liquid-liquid extractions by aqueous two-phase system, ultrafiltration, precipitation, and chromatography, have been reported. Finally, the various applications of bromelain are presented. This review therefore covers the main properties of bromelain, aiming to provide an up-to-date compilation of the data reported on this enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Celia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-2239
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Lencastre Novaes
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sorocaba University, Sorocaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela Faustino
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jozala
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Moreni
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Santos-Ebinuma
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Gava
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mazzola
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adalberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pessoa Junior
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D031230:Ananas / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001963:Bromelains / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057056:Cysteine Proteases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001963:Bromelains; D057056:Cysteine Proteases
keywords: anti-inflammatory; bromelain; downstream processes; pineapple; protease; purification