title: An open randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate ridge preservation and repair using SocketKAP(™) and SocketKAGE(™) : part 1-three-dimensional volumetric soft tissue analysis of study casts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the efficacy of ridge preservation and repair involving SocketKAP(™) and SocketKAGE(™) devices following tooth removal; and (ii) ridge contour changes at 6 months post-extraction in intact sockets and sockets with dehiscence defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients required a total of 61 teeth to be extracted. Five cohorts were established with groups A-C involving intact sockets and groups D and E involving facial dehiscence: (A) Negative Control; (B) SocketKAP(™) alone; (C) Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral (ABBM) + SocketKAP(™) ; (D) Negative Control; and (E) ABBM + SocketKAP(™)  + SocketKAGE(™) . Preoperative CBCT and laser-scanned casts were obtained. Teeth segmented from preoperative CBCT were merged with study cast images to allow for digital removal of teeth from the casts. Volumetric measurements of ridge contour were performed. Images of preoperative and 6 months post-operative casts were superimposed to measure ridge contour changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-extraction contour loss occurred in all sockets primarily in the crestal 3 mm but was also detected up to 6 mm from alveolar crest. For intact sockets, SocketKAP(™) or SocketKAP(™)  + ABBM interventions led to greater percentages of remaining ridge contour when compared to controls. A significant difference favoring SocketKAP(™)  + SocketKAGE(™)  + ABBM treatment was observed for sockets with facial dehiscence when compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SocketKAP(™) , with or without ABBM, significantly limited post-extraction ridge contour loss in intact sockets. In the absence of a group treated with only the SocketKAGE(™) , it is not possible to determine its efficacy, although the combination of SocketKAGE(™)  + SocketKAP(™)  + ABBM was effective in limiting post-extraction ridge contour loss in sockets with dehiscence defects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Homayoun H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zadeh
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center (DRC) and Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit (TEBRU), Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdelhamid
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center (DRC) and Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit (TEBRU), Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omran
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Neema
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bakhshalian
authors.affiliation: College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tarnow
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals; D003765:Models, Dental; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D008903:Minerals; D011126:Polypropylenes
keywords: alveolar bone grafting; bone substitute; tooth extraction