title: The Effect of Different Mixing Methods on Working Time, Setting Time, Dimensional Changes and Film Thickness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different mixing techniques (conventional, amalgamator and ultrasonic mixing) on the physical properties the working time (WT), setting time (ST), dimensional changes (DC) and film thickness (FT)] of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The mentioned physical properties were determined using the ISO 6786:2001 specification. Six samples of each material were prepared for three mixing techniques (totally 36 samples). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey's tests. The level of significance was defined at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of mixing technique, there was no significant difference between the WT and FT of the tested materials. Except for the DC of MTA and the FT of the all materials, other properties were significantly affected with mixing techniques (P<0.05). The ultrasonic technique decreased the ST of MTA and CEM cement and increased the WT of CEM cement (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mixing technique of the materials had no significant effect on the dimensional changes of MTA and the film thickness of both materials.
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janani
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahari
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Parastu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rabbani
keywords: Calcium-Enriched Mixture; Dimensional Changes; Film Thickness; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Setting Time; Working Time