title: The diagnostic and prognostic potential of plasma extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is expected to rise rapidly worldwide in the coming decades. Atherosclerosis, the syndrome underlying CVD, is a chronic progressive disease of the arteries already present at a young age. Strokes, heart attacks and heart failure are acute CVD events that occur after decades, however, and require timely diagnosis and treatment. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microstructures with a lipid bilayer membrane involved in hemostasis, inflammation and injury. Both EV-counts and EV-content are associated with CVD and the identification of plasma EVs is a novel source of blood-based biomarkers with the potential to improve diagnosis and prognosis of CVD. Presented in this review is an overview of the current use of EVs in CVD and a discussion of the need for robust and easy isolation technologies for plasma EV subsets. This is needed to bring this promising field towards clinical application in the patient.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|b The Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN) , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid E M
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.affiliation: b The Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN) , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|c Department of Cardiology , UMC Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|d Cardiac Department , National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Timmers
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|b The Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN) , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Crystel M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gijsberts
authors.affiliation: e Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.|f Cardiovascular Research Institute , National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: g Department of Cardiology , Meander Medical Center , Amersfoort , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arend
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosterd
authors.affiliation: e Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.|f Cardiovascular Research Institute , National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jiong-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: d Cardiac Department , National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mark Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|b The Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN) , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vince
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Hoog
authors.affiliation: h Institute of Medical Biology , A-Star, Biopolis , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sai Kiang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: i School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Siu Kwan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.affiliation: j National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore General Hospital , Duke-National University , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Carolyn S P
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|b The Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN) , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|e Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.|f Cardiovascular Research Institute , National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Dominique P V
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: De Kleijn
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Plasma extracellular vesicles; biomarker; cardiovascular disease; flow cytometry; microparticles; vesicle content; vesicle counts