title: Intraoperative Hemorrhage in Ventriculoscopic Surgery: Experience of a Single Chinese Neurosurgery Center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ventriculoscopic approach has been considered to be more safe and effective in the treatment of hydrocephalus, arachnoid cysts and intraventricular lesions in neurosurgery. We found that intraoperative bleeding-related complications have the greatest impact on ventriculoscopic surgery. Until now, few studies fully discussed this complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent ventriculoscopic surgery between May 2011 and December 2012 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 126 patients were enrolled in the study. Intraoperative hemorrhage was observed in 75 cases (59.5%). Intraoperative hemorrhage classification of patients was as follows: stage I (n = 62); stage II (n = 11); stage III (n = 2). We found that there was no significant difference in complication rate and rate of symptom improvement between the patients who had hemorrhage and the patients who did not (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative hemorrhage in ventriculoscopic surgery should be paid more attention. Generally, a skilled neurosurgeon can address hemorrhage with a low complication rate. Consequently, the ventriculoscopic approach is safe and effective in the treatment of specified brain ventricular disease.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuzhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xinsheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Songbai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zyz2004520@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yazhuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015984:Causality; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hemorrhage; Neurosurgery; Ventriculoscopy