title: Forced degradation studies of biopharmaceuticals: Selection of stress conditions.
abstract: Stability studies under stress conditions or forced degradation studies play an important role in different phases of development and production of biopharmaceuticals and biological products. These studies are mostly applicable to selection of suitable candidates and formulation developments, comparability studies, elucidation of possible degradation pathways and identification of degradation products, as well as, development of stability indicating methods. Despite the integral part of these studies in biopharmaceutical industry, there is no well-established protocol for the selection of stress conditions, timing of stress testing and required extent of degradation. Therefore, due to the present gap in the stability studies guidelines, it is the responsibility of researchers working in academia and biopharmaceutical industry to set up forced degradation experiments that could fulfill all the expectations from the stability studies of biopharmaceuticals under stress conditions. Concerning the importance of the function of desired stress conditions in forced degradation studies, the present review aims to provide a practical summary of the applicable stress conditions in forced degradation studies of biopharmaceuticals according to the papers published in a time period of 1992-2015 giving detailed information about the experimental conditions utilized to induce required stresses.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamizi
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: ajouyban@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Abolghasem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jouyban
mesh_terms: D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017510:Protein Folding; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Biopharmaceutical; Forced degradation; Stability; Stress condition; Stress testing