title: Combined open and laparoscopic technique for extraperitoneal mesh repair of large sac inguinal hernias.
abstract: Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair has been confirmed as an effective procedure in several studies but is considered technically demanding. Separating the hernial sac and spermatic cord is difficult when a large sac inguinal hernia is encountered. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a combined open and laparoscopic TEP repair of large sac inguinal hernias.
  
  
  
  From June 2012 to May 2015, laparoscopic TEP (112 cases) and combined open and laparoscopic TEP (COL-TEP) (44 cases) were performed in patients with large sac hernia. There was no clear definition of large sac inguinal hernia; therefore, we defined a large sac as one with the sac base cranial to or over outer ring that could not be easily resected laparoscopically. Using this definition, the laparoscopic TEP group was divided into a small sac TEP (SS-TEP) group (68 cases) and a large sac TEP (LS-TEP) group (44 cases). Direct hernias were included in the SS-TEP group because the hernial sac was easily dissected laparoscopically. The patient demographics, perioperative parameters, complications, and recurrence were compared between the three groups.
  
  
  
  No significant differences were found between the groups in mean age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, number of previous laparotomies, or recurrence rate. Compared with the LS-TEP group, both the SS-TEP and COL-TEP groups had a significantly lower surgical duration (51.4 ± 10.9 vs. 32.8 ± 13.1 and 36.2 ± 11.2 min, respectively), conversion rate (13.6 vs. 0 and 0 %, respectively), and total complication rate (27.3 vs. 13.2 and 11.3 %, respectively).
  
  
  
  The combined technique was safe and effective for repair of large sac inguinal hernias. The combined technique was associated with decreased technical difficulty, surgical duration, and conversion and total complication rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Laparoscopic Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. wydong2003@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuedong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D061887:Conversion to Open Surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D013526:Surgical Mesh
keywords: Conversion; Inguinal hernia; Laparoscopy; Recurrence