title: Coffee consumption and NAFLD: a community based study on 1223 subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of caffeine consumption on fatty liver and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations in a random population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects (n = 1452; 789 women, 663 men; average age 42.3 ± 12.8 years) underwent ultrasonographic examination of the liver and completed a standardized questionnaire regarding personal and lifestyle data, in particular relating to coffee consumption and past medical history. In addition, anthropometric data were documented and laboratory examinations performed. Statistical interpretation of the data was performed descriptively and by means of bivariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of the present study demonstrated a significant association between hepatic steatosis male gender (p < 0.0001), advanced age (p < 0.0001) and elevated body-mass index (BMI; p < 0.0001). No association between caffeine consumption and fatty liver was identified. An association between caffeine consumption and elevated serum ALT concentrations was not identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study provide no evidence for an association between caffeine consumption and either the prevalence of hepatic steatosis or serum ALT concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. tilmann.graeter@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Tilmann
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Graeter
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. pia.niedermayer@uni-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Pia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Niedermayer
authors.affiliation: Louis Stokes Clevel and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10700 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. richard.mason2@va.gov.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. suemeyra.oetztuerk@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Suemeyra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oeztuerk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. mark.haenle@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haenle
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. wolfgang.koenig@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. bernhard.boehm@ntu.edu.sg.|LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. bernhard.boehm@ntu.edu.sg.|Imperial College London, London, UK. bernhard.boehm@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Bernhard Otto
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany. wolfgang.kratzer@uniklinik-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kratzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003069:Coffee; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research / Q000379:methods*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003069:Coffee; D002110:Caffeine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase