title: Evaluation of bilirubin interference and accuracy of six creatinine assays compared with isotope dilution-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate bilirubin interference and accuracy of six routine methods for measuring creatinine compared with isotope dilution-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 clinical serum samples from 31 patients with serum total bilirubin concentration >68.4μmol/L were collected. Serum creatinine was measured using two enzymatic reagents and four Jaffe reagents as well as ID-LC/MS. Correlations between bilirubin concentration and percent difference in creatinine compared with ID-LC/MS were analyzed to investigate bilirubin interference. Bias estimations between the six reagents and ID-LC/MS were performed. Recovery tests using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 967a were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the enzymatic methods showed no bilirubin interference. However, three of the four Jaffe methods demonstrated significant bilirubin concentration-dependent interference in samples with creatinine levels <53μmol/L, and two of them showed significant bilirubin interference in samples with creatinine levels ranging from 53.0 to 97.2μmol/L. Comparison of these methods with ID-LC/MS using patients' samples with elevated bilirubin revealed that the tested methods failed to achieve the bias goal at especially low levels of creatinine. In addition, recovery test using NIST SRM 967a showed that bias in one Jaffe method and two enzymatic methods did not achieve the bias goal at either low or high level of creatinine, indicating they had calibration bias. One enzymatic method failed to achieve all the bias goals in both comparison experiment and recovery test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to understand that both bilirubin interference and calibration traceability to ID-LC/MS should be considered to improve the accuracy of creatinine measurement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: comforter6@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Sang-Guk
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Chronic Disease Control, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong-Seob
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002138:Calibration; D002648:Child; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Bilirubin interference; Calibration traceability; Creatinine; ID–LC/MS