title: Audioprofile Surfaces: The 21st Century Audiogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present audiometric data in 3 dimensions by considering age as an addition dimension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audioprofile surfaces (APSs) were fitted to a set of audiograms by plotting each measurement of an audiogram as an independent point in 3 dimensions with the x, y, and z axes representing frequency, hearing loss in dB, and age, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the Java-based APS viewer as a standalone application, APSs were pre-computed for 34 loci. By selecting APSs for the appropriate genetic locus, a clinician can compare this APS-generated average surface to a specific patient's audiogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Audioprofile surfaces provide an easily interpreted visual representation of a person's hearing acuity relative to others with the same genetic cause of hearing loss. Audioprofile surfaces will support the generation and testing of sophisticated hypotheses to further refine our understanding of the biology of hearing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Hela
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azaiez
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kolbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Emily N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Glanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: A Eliot
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: DeLuca
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: V Nikhil
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Allen C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Eppsteiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Todd E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Scheetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick L M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Huygen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver, Iowa City, Iowa, USA richard-smith@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Richard J H
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Casavant
mesh_terms: D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000639:trends*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software
keywords: audiograms; audiometric data; audioprofile surfaces; hearing loss