title: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia.
abstract: This article reviews the most common therapeutic and neuroprosthetic applications of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for upper and lower extremity stroke rehabilitation. Fundamental NMES principles and purposes in stroke rehabilitation are explained. NMES modalities used for upper and lower limb rehabilitation are described, and efficacy studies are summarized. The evidence for peripheral and central mechanisms of action is also summarized.
authors.affiliation: MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth System, 4229 Pearl Road, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland 44106, OH, USA; Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Electronic address: Jsk12@case.edu.
authors.forename: Jayme S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.affiliation: MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth System, 4229 Pearl Road, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth System, 4229 Pearl Road, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland 44106, OH, USA; Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sheffler
authors.affiliation: MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth System, 4229 Pearl Road, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland 44106, OH, USA; Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Electrical stimulation therapy; Medical device; Neuroplasticity; Stroke rehabilitation; Upper limb hemiplegia