title: Depression Trajectories During the First Year After Spinal Cord Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the number and type of longitudinal depression trajectories during the first year after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify baseline predictors of these trajectories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation and postacute community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 168 consecutive admissions to inpatient rehabilitation for acute SCI, 141 (115 men, 26 women) patients were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial telephone follow-up intervention, which showed no outcome differences, and completed assessments on at least 2 of the 4 follow-up occasions (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after SCI). Participants were on average 41 years old, most were non-Hispanic (96%) and white (86%), and 61.7% had tetraplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from the ineffective randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unconditional linear latent class growth analysis models of PHQ-9 total scores revealed an optimal 3-class solution: stable low depression (63.8%), mild to moderate depression (29.1%), and persistent moderate to severe depression (7.1%). Preinjury mental health history and baseline pain, quality of life, and grief predicted class membership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modal response to SCI was stable low depression, whereas persistent moderate to severe depression primarily represented a continuation or relapse of preinjury depression. This line of research has the potential to improve identification of subgroups destined for poor outcomes and to inform early intervention studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: chb@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bombardier
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Leah M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Jesse R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Longitudinal studies; Prognosis; Rehabilitation; Resilience, psychological; Spinal cord injuries