title: Effects of Mycotoxins on mucosal microbial infection and related pathogenesis.
abstract: Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites detected in many agricultural commodities and water-damaged indoor environments. Susceptibility to mucosal infectious diseases is closely associated with immune dysfunction caused by mycotoxin exposure in humans and other animals. Many mycotoxins suppress immune function by decreasing the proliferation of activated lymphocytes, impairing phagocytic function of macrophages, and suppressing cytokine production, but some induce hypersensitive responses in different dose regimes. The present review describes various mycotoxin responses to infectious pathogens that trigger mucosa-associated diseases in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of humans and other animals. In particular, it focuses on the effects of mycotoxin exposure on invasion, pathogen clearance, the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins, and the prognostic implications of interactions between infectious pathogens and mycotoxin exposure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea. dfjjang@naver.com.|Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. dfjjang@naver.com.
authors.forename: Seong-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea. poultry98@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Dongwook
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea. 1022myths@hanmail.net.|Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea. 1022myths@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Juil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea. moon@pnu.edu.|Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan 46241, Korea. moon@pnu.edu.
authors.forename: Yuseok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D007239:Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Mycotoxins; microbial infection; mucosal pathogenesis