title: Fistula and Infratentorial Location, Characteristics That Contribute to Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations, Lead to the Formation of Associated Aneurysms in Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the formation of associated aneurysms (AAs) related to the characteristics of cerebral artriovenous malformations (cAVMs) is poorly recognized, the purpose of this study was to identify the responsible characteristics of cAVMs related to the formation of AAs and to identify patients with responsible characteristics related to the formation of AAs through the analysis of the outcomes of these patients after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed to analyze the baseline characteristics of patients with cAVMs and AAs. The recurrent AA and residual size of cAVMs were used to evaluate the outcomes of patients after treatment. At the same time, the ROC curve was measured to gauge the relationship between the residual size of cAVMs and recurrent AAs in eligible patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty (15.0%) patients with cAVMs and AA were confirmed; these patients had twice the hazard of hemorrhage as patients with only isolated cAVMs. An infratentorial location (P < 0.001) and fistula (P = 0.002) were independent predictors of the formation of AAs. After a mean 22.7 months follow-up, 2 patients developed recurrent AAs, and the annual recurrence rate for patients with responsible characteristics was 17.6%, but for all patients was 7.2%. The ROC curve showed that patients, specifically patients with responsible characteristics, the residual size of the cAVM was closely related to recurrent AA (area = 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.81-0.97, P = 0.023, cut-off value = 82.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cAVMs and AA who harbor a fistula or an infratentorial location tend to form AAs. To prevent recurrent AAs and decrease the subsequent risk of hemorrhage, complete obliteration of cAVMs or retrograding over 80% size of cAVMs is recommended.
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kuang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Jing
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: duanchuanz@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Associated aneurysms; Cerebral arteriovenous malformations; Hemorrhage; Nonresponsible characteristics; Responsible characteristics