title: A new method for modeling rough membrane surface and calculation of interfacial interactions.
abstract: Membrane fouling control necessitates the establishment of an effective method to assess interfacial interactions between foulants and rough surface membrane. This study proposed a new method which includes a rigorous mathematical equation for modeling membrane surface morphology, and combination of surface element integration (SEI) method and the composite Simpson's approach for assessment of interfacial interactions. The new method provides a complete solution to quantitatively calculate interfacial interactions between foulants and rough surface membrane. Application of this method in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) showed that, high calculation accuracy could be achieved by setting high segment number, and moreover, the strength of three energy components and energy barrier was remarkably impaired by the existence of roughness on the membrane surface, indicating that membrane surface morphology exerted profound effects on membrane fouling in the MBR. Good agreement between calculation prediction and fouling phenomena was found, suggesting the feasibility of this method.
authors.affiliation: College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
authors.forename: Leihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
authors.forename: Meijia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
authors.forename: Huachang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Bao-Qiang
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China. Electronic address: linhonjun@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012722:Sewage; D013499:Surface Properties; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Interfacial interactions; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane fouling; Rough surface; XDLVO theory