title: Acid ceramidase deficiency associated with spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME) is an extremely rare disorder related to the lysosomal storage disease, Farber lipogranulomatosis. Both disorders are autosomal recessive conditions caused by mutations in the ASAH1 gene encoding acid ceramidase. Farber disease is associated with joint deformities, lipomatous skin nodules, and often is fatal by 2-3 years of age; while SMA-PME is characterized by childhood-onset motor neuron disease and progressive myoclonic epilepsy. We report a case of SMA-PME with a novel mutation in the ASAH1 gene encoding acid ceramidase. The proband presented with childhood-onset of diffuse muscle atrophy and hypotonia. He also had diffuse weakness with greater proximal than distal involvement. Tongue fasciculations were present and his reflexes were either diminished or absent. He ambulated with an unsteady and hesitant gait. He subsequently developed myoclonic epilepsy along with other associated features including tremor, polymyoclonus, and sensorineural hearing loss. Neurophysiological studies revealed a motor neuron disorder and generalized epilepsy. Exome sequencing analysis identified compound heterozygous variants and biochemical analysis indicated acid ceramidase activity was approximately 12 percent of normal controls. Our proband was phenotypically similar to other cases of SMA-PME, albeit with somewhat lesser severity, slower progression, and greater longevity. As lysosomal disorders are sometimes amendable to early interventions, it is important to make early diagnoses in these cases. The combination of motor neuron disease and progressive myoclonic epilepsy should prompt genetic evaluation of ASAH1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagliati
authors.affiliation: Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baloh
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Levade
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: tyler.pierson@cshs.org.
authors.forename: Tyler Mark
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pierson
mesh_terms: D055573:Acid Ceramidase / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D055577:Farber Lipogranulomatosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009154:Mutation; D020191:Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C526693:ASAH1 protein, human; D055573:Acid Ceramidase
keywords: Acid ceramidase; Lysosomal storage; Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy; Zebra bodies