title: Candida growth in urine cultures: a contemporary analysis of species and antifungal susceptibility profiles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent publications suggest the distribution of Candida species causing candiduria may vary geographically, which has implications for the continued efficacy of antifungal therapy and emerging resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of Candiduria at a university hospital in the UK. Further, to assess the distribution of species and the accompanying antifungal susceptibility profile, in order to monitor the clinical utility of current antifungal treatment guidelines for candiduria so that patients receive the best possible outcomes from the most up to date care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective audit.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1st January 2005 to 31st October 2014, we retrospectively reviewed 37 538 positive urine cultures recorded in a computerized laboratory results database. Identification and susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK® 2 fungal susceptibility card (bioMérieux, Marcy d'Etoile, France).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 96 cultures were positive for Candida species, of which 69 (72%) were C.albicans, which translates to a prevalence of 2.6 per 1000 positive urine cultures. Candiduria was more common in younger patients, males and catheterized females. We report 94 and 73% of isolates of C.albicans and other non-C.albicans Candida species were susceptible to fluconazole. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results add weight to the evidence supporting current European and North American guidelines recommending fluconazole or amphotericin B for treatment of candiduria, if antifungal treatment is clinically indicated.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia liam.toner@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toner
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Aliyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dev
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lawrentschuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Samih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Hayek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013045:Species Specificity; D006113:United Kingdom; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D005437:Flucytosine