title: Design and Characterization of Fibrin-Based Acoustically Responsive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications.
abstract: Hydrogel scaffolds are used in tissue engineering as a delivery vehicle for regenerative growth factors. Spatiotemporal patterns of growth factor signaling are critical for tissue regeneration, yet most scaffolds afford limited control of growth factor release, especially after implantation. We previously found that acoustic droplet vaporization can control growth factor release from a fibrin scaffold doped with a perfluorocarbon emulsion. This study investigates properties of the acoustically responsive scaffold (ARS) critical for further translation. At 2.5 MHz, acoustic droplet vaporization and inertial cavitation thresholds ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 MPa and from 2.0 to 7.0 MPa peak rarefactional pressure, respectively, for ARSs of varying composition. Viability of C3H/10T1/2 cells, encapsulated in the ARS, did not decrease significantly for pressures below 4 MPa. ARSs with perfluorohexane emulsions displayed higher stability versus those with perfluoropentane emulsions, while surrogate payload release was minimal without ultrasound. These results enable the selection of ARS compositions and acoustic parameters needed for optimized spatiotemporally controlled release.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Electronic address: ambaez@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moncion
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Arlotta
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Oliver D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Kripfgans
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: J Brian
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fowlkes
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Renny T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Mario L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fabiilli
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D002470:Cell Survival; D004655:Emulsions; D005337:Fibrin; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D011312:Pressure; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*; D014835:Volatilization; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005337:Fibrin; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes; C078626:perflexane
keywords: Acoustic droplet vaporization; Controlled release; Emulsion; Fibrin; Inertial cavitation; Perfluorocarbon; Spatiotemporal drug delivery; Ultrasound