title: Insertion Depth in Cochlear Implantation and Outcome in Residual Hearing and Vestibular Function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has long been known that cochlear implantation may cause loss of residual hearing and vestibular function. Different insertion depths may cause varying degrees of intracochlear trauma in the apical region of the cochlea. The present study investigated the correlation between the insertion depth and postoperative loss of residual hearing and vestibular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine adults underwent unilateral cochlear implantation. One group received a Med-El +Flex electrode array (24 mm; n = 4), 1 group received a Med-El +Flex electrode array (28 mm; n = 18), and 1 group received a Med-El +Flex electrode array (31.5 mm; n = 17). Residual hearing, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, videonystagmography, and subjective visual vertical/horizontal were explored before and after surgery. The electrode insertion depth and scalar position were examined with high-resolution rotational tomography after implantation in 29 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no observed relationship between the angular insertion depth (405° to 708°) and loss of low-frequency pure-tone average. Frequency-specific analysis revealed a weak relationship between the angular insertion depth and loss of hearing at 250 Hz (R= 0.20; p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the residual hearing and vestibular function between the +Flex and the +Flex electrode array. Eight percent of the cases had vertigo after surgery. The electrode arrays were positioned inside the scala tympani and not scala vestibuli in all subjects. In 18% of the cases, the +Flex electrode array was not fully inserted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final outcome in residual hearing correlates very weakly with the angular insertion depth for depths above 405°. Postoperative loss of vestibular function did not correlate with the angular insertion depth or age at implantation. The surgical protocol used in this study seems to minimize the risk of postoperative vertigo symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Karl Fredrik
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nordfalk
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hopp
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bunne
authors.forename: Juha Tapio
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Silvola
authors.forename: Greg Eigner
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Jablonski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002150:Caloric Tests; D003051:Cochlea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D046088:Hearing Loss, Unilateral / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012533:Scala Tympani / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014717:Vertigo / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult