title: Individual, family, and culture level contributions to child physical abuse and neglect: A longitudinal study in nine countries.
abstract: This study advances understanding of predictors of child abuse and neglect at multiple levels of influence. Mothers, fathers, and children (N = 1,418 families, M age of children = 8.29 years) were interviewed annually in three waves in 13 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Multilevel models were estimated to examine predictors of (a) within-family differences across the three time points, (b) between-family within-culture differences, and (c) between-cultural group differences in mothers' and fathers' reports of corporal punishment and children's reports of their parents' neglect. These analyses addressed to what extent mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment and children's perceptions of their parents' neglect were predicted by parents' belief in the necessity of using corporal punishment, parents' perception of the normativeness of corporal punishment in their community, parents' progressive parenting attitudes, parents' endorsement of aggression, parents' education, children's externalizing problems, and children's internalizing problems at each of the three levels. Individual-level predictors (especially child externalizing behaviors) as well as cultural-level predictors (especially normativeness of corporal punishment in the community) predicted corporal punishment and neglect. Findings are framed in an international context that considers how abuse and neglect are defined by the global community and how countries have attempted to prevent abuse and neglect.
authors.affiliation: Duke University.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lansford
authors.affiliation: Duke University.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.affiliation: Universidad San Buenaventura.
authors.forename: Liliana Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Uribe Tirado
authors.affiliation: University of Rome Foro Italico.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zelli
authors.affiliation: Hashemite University and Emirates College for Advanced Education.
authors.forename: Suha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Hassan
authors.affiliation: Second University of Naples.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bacchini
authors.affiliation: Università di Roma La Sapienza.
authors.forename: Anna Silvia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bombi
authors.affiliation: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Institute of Education.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
authors.forename: Kirby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deater-Deckard
authors.affiliation: Università di Roma La Sapienza.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Giunta
authors.affiliation: Duke University.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.affiliation: Duke University.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.affiliation: Maseno University.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oburu
authors.affiliation: Università di Roma La Sapienza.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.affiliation: Duke University.
authors.forename: Ann T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: University West,Trollhättan.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sorbring
authors.affiliation: Chiang Mai University.
authors.forename: Sombat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapanya
authors.affiliation: Ateneo de Manila University.
authors.forename: Liane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña Alampay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000208:ethnology*; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003105:Colombia / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D007597:Jordan / Q000208:ethnology; D007630:Kenya / Q000208:ethnology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D000066550:Physical Abuse / Q000208:ethnology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000208:ethnology; D013785:Thailand / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology