title: Factors predictive of return to work after stroke in patients with mild-moderate disability in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Successful return to work after stroke may improve economic circumstances, quality of life and overall life satisfaction, but not all stroke survivors are able to return to work.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine what proportion of previously employed patients return to work after an acute stroke resulting in mild to moderate disability and to examine factors associated with a successful return to work.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 18-60 years of age who were previously employed and who had a first-ever stroke 3 months to 2 years previously resulting in mild to moderate disability (modified Rankin score ≤3) were recruited. Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected and anxiety, depression and social support were assessed using previously validated instruments. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with a successful return to work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 141 patients (mean age ± SD 48 ± 8.8 years), 74 (52.5%) returned to work after stroke. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a lower modified Rankin scale at 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77-7.76], younger age (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.07-4.67) and a professional or business job (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.44-6.34) were significantly associated with successful return to work and revealed that anxiety, depression and social support score did not affect patients' decision to return to work (P = 0.17, 0.61 and 0.27, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amongst patients with mild to moderate disability after stroke, almost half do not return to work, and this is determined by functional disability and type of job rather than psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Program, Sree Chitra Tirunal for Medical Science and Technology, Trivandum, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Program, Sree Chitra Tirunal for Medical Science and Technology, Trivandum, India.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lipska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, CMC Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pandian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Program, Sree Chitra Tirunal for Medical Science and Technology, Trivandum, India.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sylaja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062707:Return to Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: anxiety; depression; disability; employment; rehabilitation; return to work; stroke