title: Investigations on Leucas cephalotes (Roth.) Spreng. for inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages and in rat model.
abstract: Silica gel column chromatography fractionation of the dichloromethane extract (LCD) of Leucas cephalotes (Roth.) Spreng. led to the isolation of five compounds namely β-sitosterol (1) + stigmasterol (2), lupeol (3), oleanolic acid (4) and laballenic acid (5). Also, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of sub-fraction (LCD-F1) of this extract showed the presence of eleven (6-16) compounds. In addition to this, 3-5 and LCD-F1 were evaluated for lipopolysachharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production in RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells. Results directed that 4 and 5 were found to inhibit these mediators at half maximal inhibitory concentration of 17.12 to 57.20 μM while IC50 for LCD-F1 was found to be 15.56 to 31.71 μg/mL. Furthermore, LCD at a dose of 50, 100 and 400 mg/Kg was found to reduce significantly LPS induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. All the results findings evoked that the anti-inflammatory effects of Leucas cephalotes is partially mediated through the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators and hence can be utilized for the development of anti-inflammatory candidates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab (INDIA).
authors.forename: Neeraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab (INDIA).
authors.forename: Mohd Shahid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab (INDIA).
authors.forename: Kamlesh K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bhutani
keywords: GC-MS; Leucas cephalotes; anti-inflammatory; interleukin-1beta; nitric oxide; tumor necrosis factor-alpha