title: Energy Metabolism of the Brain, Including the Cooperation between Astrocytes and Neurons, Especially in the Context of Glycogen Metabolism.
abstract: Glycogen metabolism has important implications for the functioning of the brain, especially the cooperation between astrocytes and neurons. According to various research data, in a glycogen deficiency (for example during hypoglycemia) glycogen supplies are used to generate lactate, which is then transported to neighboring neurons. Likewise, during periods of intense activity of the nervous system, when the energy demand exceeds supply, astrocyte glycogen is immediately converted to lactate, some of which is transported to the neurons. Thus, glycogen from astrocytes functions as a kind of protection against hypoglycemia, ensuring preservation of neuronal function. The neuroprotective effect of lactate during hypoglycemia or cerebral ischemia has been reported in literature. This review goes on to emphasize that while neurons and astrocytes differ in metabolic profile, they interact to form a common metabolic cooperation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland. a.falkowska@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland. izagut@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gutowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland. rcmarta@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goschorska
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-225 Szczecin, Poland. przemyslaw.nowacki@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nowacki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland. dchlubek@sci.pam.szczecin.pl.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chlubek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland. irena.bosiacka@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baranowska-Bosiacka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006003:Glycogen; D011188:Potassium
keywords: astrocytes; brain; brain energy metabolism; glucose; glycogen; neurons