title: Haemophilus influenzae triggers autophagy in HEp-2 cells.
abstract: The MAP-LC3 system regulates the intracellular formation of autophagy-associated vacuoles. These vacuoles contain the LC3 protein; thus it has been utilized as a marker to identify autophagosomes. The aim of our study was to investigate whether Haemophilus influenzae strains and their supernatants could activate autophagy in human larynx carcinoma cell line (HEp-2). We demonstrate that higher expression of the LC3B-II protein was induced, particularly by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) 49766 and by supernatants, containing <50 kDa proteins, of both strains. Ultrastructural studies demonstrate vacuoles with a double membrane and/or membrane material inside, showing similar features to those of autophagic vacuoles. Together, our findings demonstrate that H. influenzae strains and their supernatants trigger an autophagic process.
authors.affiliation: Central de instrumentación de microscopía, Departamento de Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB- IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, Mexico, DF, Mexico. chayocobain@gmail.com.
authors.forename: María del Rosario
authors.initials: Mdel R
authors.lastname: Espinoza-Mellado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB- IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reyes-Picaso
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB- IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miriam S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Garcés-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB- IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cynthia V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Jardón-Serrano
authors.affiliation: Central de instrumentación de microscopía, Departamento de Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB- IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: López-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB- IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giono-Cerezo
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: C502070:MAP1LC3B protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins
keywords: Autophagic vacuoles; Autophagy; Haemophilus influenzae; LC3B protein