title: Crosstalk between exercise and galanin system alleviates insulin resistance.
abstract: Studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity, however, the precise mechanism for this outcome is not entirely identified. Emerging evidences point out that exercise can upregulate galanin protein and mRNA expression, resulting in improvement of insulin sensitivity via an increase in translocation of glucose transporter 4 and subsequent glucose uptake in myocytes and adipocytes of healthy and type 2 diabetic rats, which may be blocked by galanin antagonist. In return, galanin can exert the exercise-protective roles to prevent excessive movement of skeletal muscle and to accelerate exercise trauma repair in exercise-relative tissues. Studies also implicated that combination of aerobic exercise and activation of galanin system may make more significant improvement in insulin sensitivity than that of either one did. These suggest that galanin system is essential for physical activity to alleviate insulin resistance, namely, the beneficial effect of physical activity on glucose uptake is at least partly mediated by galanin system. Besides, co-treatment with galanin and exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
authors.forename: Penghua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 20024, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
authors.forename: Mingyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China. Electronic address: yzzxyjh@126.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China. Electronic address: physiolpep@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D019004:Galanin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019004:Galanin
keywords: Glucose uptake; Skeletal muscle; Synergic effect; Type 2 diabetes