title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO): Biology and Target in Cancer Immunotherapies.
abstract: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a heme-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the breakdown of non-dietary tryptophan. The biology and immunomodulatory role for IDO is discussed in this review with a focus on its interaction with immune cells and its potential therapeutic target in the clinic. IDO has been revealed to be a central regulator of immune responses in a broad variety of physiological and pathological settings, mostly serving as a multifaceted negative feedback mechanism, to self-regulate immune responses. IDO is considered a therapeutic target in cancer and the use of IDO inhibitors as single agent or in combination with other treatment modalities are under active investigation.
authors.forename: Senthamil R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Selvan
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Division of Solid Tumor, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Jianqing.Lin@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase