title: Understanding the structural mechanisms of antibiotic resistance sets the platform for new discovery.
abstract: Understanding the structural basis of antibacterial resistance may enable rational design principles that avoid and subvert that resistance, thus leading to the discovery of more effective antibiotics. In this review, we explore the use of crystal structures to guide new discovery of antibiotics that are effective against resistant organisms. Structures of efflux pumps bound to substrates and inhibitors have aided the design of compounds with lower affinity for the pump or inhibitors that more effectively block the pump. Structures of β-lactamase enzymes have revealed the mechanisms of action toward key carbapenems and structures of gyrase have aided the design of compounds that are less susceptible to point mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: crystal structures; efflux pump; gyrase; β-lactamase