title: CXCR-4 Targeted, Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) Emitting Nanoprobes for Enhanced Deep Tissue Imaging and Micrometastatic Cancer Lesion Detection.
abstract: Realizing the promise of precision medicine in cancer therapy depends on identifying and tracking cancerous growths to maximize treatment options and improve patient outcomes. This goal of early detection remains unfulfilled by current clinical imaging techniques that fail to detect lesions due to their small size and suborgan localization. With proper probes, optical imaging techniques can overcome this by identifying the molecular phenotype of tumors at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. In this study, the first use of nanophotonic short wave infrared technology is proposed to molecularly phenotype small lesions for more sensitive detection. Here, human serum albumin encapsulated rare-earth nanoparticles (ReANCs) with ligands for targeted lesion imaging are designed. AMD3100, an antagonist to CXCR4 (a classic marker of cancer metastasis) is adsorbed onto ReANCs to form functionalized ReANCs (fReANCs). fReANCs are able to preferentially accumulate in receptor positive lesions when injected intraperitoneally in a subcutaneous tumor model. fReANCs can also target subtissue microlesions at a maximum depth of 10.5 mm in a lung metastatic model of breast cancer. Internal lesions identified with fReANCs are 2.25 times smaller than those detected with ReANCs. Thus, an integrated nanoprobe detection platform is presented, which allows target-specific identification of subtissue cancerous lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Margot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zevon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ganapathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Harini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kantamneni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mingozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Center, 41 Gordon Road (Suite D), Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mei Chee
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Riman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.|Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.|Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Prabhas V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Moghe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000737:chemistry; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061206:Neoplasm Micrometastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011846:Radio Waves; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008674:Metals, Rare Earth; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4
keywords: biomedical imaging; cancer targeting; nanomaterials; rare-earth probes; shortwave infrared imaging