title: Renal oxidative stress and renal CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in mercuric chloride-induced nephropathy in rats: role of angiotensin II.
abstract: Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces kidney damage, in part, through oxidative stress. A role for angiotensin II (Ang II) in pro-inflammatory events in a model of acute HgCl2-induced nephropathy was reported. Ang II is a potent oxidative stress inducer; however, its role in oxidative/anti-oxidative events in HgCl2-induced nephropathy remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Ang II in the oxidative stress and renal infiltration of CD8(+) T-cells after an acute HgCl2 intoxication. Three groups of Sprague Dawley rats were treated with a single subcutaneous dose of 2.5 mg/kg HgCl2: for 3 days prior to and for 4 days after that injection, rats in one group received Losartan (30 mg/kg), in another group Enalapril (30 mg/kg) or normal saline in the last group. Two other groups of drug-treated rats received saline in place of HgCl2. A final group of rats received saline in place of HgCl2 and the test drugs. All treatments were via gastric gavage. At 96 h after the vehicle/HgCl2 injection, blood and kidney samples were harvested. Renal sections were homogenized for measures of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity. Frozen sections were studied for the presence of superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) and CD8(+) T-cells. HgCl2-treated rats had increased interstitial and tubular expression of [Formula: see text], high levels of MDA, normal catalase activity and GSH content, increased levels of interstitial CD8(+) T-cells and an increased percentage of necrotic tubules. Anti-Ang II treatments diminished the HgCl2-induced increases in interstitial [Formula: see text], CD8(+) T-cells and tubular damage and increased catalase and GSH expression above that due to HgCl2 alone; the HgCl2-induced high MDA levels were unaffected by the drugs. These data provide new information regarding the potential role of Ang II in the oxidative stress and renal CD8(+) T-cell infiltration that occur during HgCl2 nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Genetics , School of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad of Zulia , Maracaibo , Venezuela .
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: b Dr. Américo Negrette Institute for Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad of Zulia , Maracaibo , Venezuela .
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hernández-Fonseca
authors.affiliation: c Department of Immunology , School of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad of Zulia , Maracaibo , Venezuela and.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedreañez
authors.affiliation: d Institute for Investigation, Faculty of Odontology, Universidad of Zulia , Maracaibo , Venezuela.
authors.forename: Ninoska
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viera
authors.affiliation: b Dr. Américo Negrette Institute for Clinical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad of Zulia , Maracaibo , Venezuela .
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosquera
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000804:Angiotensin II; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008627:Mercuric Chloride; D004656:Enalapril; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione; D019808:Losartan
keywords: Angiotensin II; Enalapril; Losartan; kidney; mercuric chloride; oxidative stress