title: Reliability of Nasofacial Analysis Using Rhinobase® Software.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhinoplasty is a constant challenge for the surgeon, where the correct evaluation of facial aesthetic parameters allows harmonic changes appropriate for each patient. The aim of this study was to compare the preoperative and postoperative results of nasofacial analysis, performed by Rhinobase® software (indirect anthropometry) compared with direct anthropometry (caliper), in patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors assessed the reliability of using Rhinobase® software for measuring nasofacial characteristics in 20 individuals (18 F, 2 M). In each patient, the nasofacial analysis was performed before and after surgery. Two raters performed indirect anthropometry on each image on two separate occasions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrarater and interrater reliability for most indirect anthropometric measurements had intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.8. Regarding intermethod reliability, Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 for most measurements. The highest correlation was found in interalar width, chin vertical, and lower facial height. The Cronbach's α coefficient calculated for all measurements was 0.8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Rhinobase® software is an easy and safe method for facial analysis. This study provides evidence of high reliability for several nasofacial measurements. The nasofacial analysis allows an accurate preoperative evaluation, surgical planning, and analysis of outcomes in rhinoplasty and may be a useful tool for both novice and experienced surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.|Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meruane
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.|Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.|Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: María Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Huidobro
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago, Santiago, Chile. pandrades@uchile.cl.|Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile. pandrades@uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrades
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D061827:Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Facial anthropometry; Nasofacial analysis; Rhinobase ®; Rhinoplasty