title: Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of biogenic amines in fruit juices and alcoholic beverages after derivatization with 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A new method for determining biogenic amines in fruit juices and alcoholic beverages is described involving reaction of biogenic amines with 1-naphthylisothiocyanate followed by extraction of 1-naphthylthiourea derivatives with water-miscible organic solvent acetonitrile when solvents phase separation occurred using ammonium sulphate, a process called salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction. The extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 254nm. The new reagent avoided many of the inconveniences as observed with existing derivatizing agents, such as dansyl chloride and benzoyl chloride, in regard to their inselectivity, instability, adverse effect of excess reagent, and necessity to remove excess reagent. The procedure has been optimized with respect to reaction time and temperature, water-miscible extraction solvent, and salt for solvents phase separation. Use of reagent as dispersed phase in aqueous medium produced derivatives in high yield. A linear calibration was obtained between the amount of biogenic amines in range 1-1000μgL(-1) and peak areas of corresponding thioureas formed; the correlation coefficient was 0.9965, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification found were 1.1μgL(-1) and 3.2μgL(-1), respectively. The pre-concentration method gave an average enrichment factor of 94. The application of the method has been demonstrated in the determination of biogenic amines in commercial samples of fruit juices and alcoholic beverages. In spiking experiments to real samples, the average recovery found by the present method was 94.5% that agreed well with 95.8% obtained by established comparison methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Rani Durgavati University, Pachpedi, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Rani Durgavati University, Pachpedi, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Rani Durgavati University, Pachpedi, Jabalpur 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India. Electronic address: arichna@sancharnet.in.
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D015058:1-Naphthylisothiocyanate / Q000737:chemistry*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D012492:Salts; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D015058:1-Naphthylisothiocyanate
keywords: 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate; Alcoholic beverages; Biogenic amines; Fruit juices; High performance liquid chromatography; Salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction