title: Multiple biomarker responses in Prochilodus lineatus subjected to short-term in situ exposure to streams from agricultural areas in Southern Brazil.
abstract: In order to assess the quality of streams susceptible to contamination by pesticides we apply biochemical and genotoxic biomarkers in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus submitted to in situ tests. Fish were caged, for 96 h, in two streams located in areas with intensive use of pesticides, the Apertados (AP) and the Jacutinga (JC), and in a small stream (Godoy stream — GD) found inside a forest fragment adjacent to a State Park. Biochemical parameters, such as biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), non-protein thiols (NPSH), lipoperoxidation (LPO), protein carbonylation (PCO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated in various fish organs, as well as genotoxic biomarkers (damage to DNA and occurrence of micronuclei and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities). Samples of water and sediment were collected for analysis of metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cd and Zn), organochloride pesticides, and triazine and glyphosate herbicides. We observed an increase in liver GST activity in fish at AP and gill GST activity in fish at JC. An increase in liver LPO was also observed in fish exposed to AP and JC. The same animals also exhibited increased DNA damage and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) compared to the fish kept in GD. A number of compounds showed concentrations higher than the permitted levels, in particular, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its metabolites dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), heptachloride, diclofluanid and aldrins. These pesticides were detected at higher concentrations in water and sediment samples from AP, followed by JC and GD. The Integrated Biomarker Response Index (IBR) indicated that AP and JC (AP: 21.7 > JC: 18.5 > GD: 12.6) have the worst environmental quality. Integrated biomarker analysis revealed that the alterations observed related well with the levels of environmental contaminants, demonstrating the effectiveness of this biomonitoring approach.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Delfino
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia - Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Gomes
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lunardelli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Fernandes
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais - Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liziara da Costa
authors.initials: Lda C
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner Ezequiel
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Risso
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais - Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ednei Gilberto
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Primel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Meletti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia - Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fillmann
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: cbueno@uel.br.
authors.forename: Claudia Bueno dos Reis
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Biomonitoring; Biotransformation; Genotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Pesticides