title: Ocular Morbidity among Students in Relation to Classroom Illumination Levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study was done to find the prevalence of eye strain and other ocular morbidities among students in Udupi, Karnataka.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study protocol included interview, visual acuity examination using Snellen chart, and measuring classroom illumination through lux meter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  26% students had visual morbidity and the most prevalent symptoms of eyestrain were headache (38.6%), watering of eyes (25.7%), pain around eyes (15.6%) and blurred vision (11.9%). 55.5% classrooms and 88.4% blackboards did not have proper illumination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low classroom illumination levels may be a possible factor for development of visual morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and #Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka; and *Occupational Medical Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat; India. Correspondence to: Dr Rajnarayan R Tiwari, Scientist E, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad 380 016, Gujarat, India. shreemathi.mayya@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Shailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagle
authors.forename: Ramachandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: Rajnarayan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: Shreemathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayya
mesh_terms: D001248:Asthenopia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008029:Lighting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*