title: Family history of esophageal cancer increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: A population-based case-control was performed to explore familial aggregation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Family history of cancer was assessed by a structured questionnaire, and from which 2 cohorts of relatives of cases and controls were reconstructed. Unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were applied for case-control design and reconstructed cohort design, respectively. We observed a close to doubled risk of ESCC associated with a positive family history of esophageal cancer among first degree relatives (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-2.41), after adjusting age, sex, family size and other confounders. The excess risks of ESCC increased with the increasing of first-degree relatives affected by esophageal cancer (p < 0.001). In particular, those individuals whose both parents with esophageal cancer had an 8-fold excess risk of ESCC (95% CI: 1.74-36.32). The reconstructed cohort analysis showed that the cumulative risk of esophageal cancer to age 75 was 12.2% in the first-degree relatives of cases and 7.0% in those of controls (hazard ratio = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.54-2.37). Our results suggest family history of esophageal cancer significantly increases the risk for ESCC. Future studies are needed to understand how the shared genetic susceptibility and/or environmental exposures contribute to the observed excess risk.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
authors.forename: Xingdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
authors.forename: Ziyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Maoqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.|Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors