title: Prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in breast cancer.
abstract: PD-L1 and PD-L2 constitute an important antitumor immune response. In breast cancer, their prognostic value is still to be defined. In this study, we investigate the correlation between PD-L1 and PD-L2 protein expressions with clinical and pathologic features and disease-free survival and overall survival. To assess PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions, we conducted immunohistochemistry studies using a breast cancer tissue microarray encompassing a total of 192 breast cancer cases, stages I, II, and III, with detailed clinical and outcome data. PD-L1 expression was present in 56.6% (107/189), and PD-L2 expression was identified in 50.8% (97/191) of breast cancer cases. Younger age at diagnosis, lymph node positivity, negative estrogen receptor, and recurrence at distant sites were all associated with both PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions. The presence of larger tumors was associated only with PD-L1 expression. In our study, PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with better overall survival (P = .04) in breast cancer patients. Despite its association with poor clinical and pathologic features, PD-L1 expression emerges as a positive prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. This survival result might be due to the presence of a strong antitumor immune response leading to PD-L1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital (CAISM), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mzbaptista@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mauricio Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital (CAISM), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: sarian@unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Luis Otavio
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Sarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital (CAISM), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: sophie.derchain@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sophie F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Derchain
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology (LAPE), Women's Hospital (CAISM), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: glaujv@fcm.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Glauce A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigative and Molecular Pathology (LAPE), Women's Hospital (CAISM), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: vassallomeister@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassallo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C556977:PDCD1LG2 protein, human; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen
keywords: Biomarker; Breast cancer; PD-L1; PD-L2; Prognosis; Survival