title: In Vitro Evaluation of Achillea Millefolium on the Production and Stimulation of Human Skin Fibroblast Cells (HFS-PI-16).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we aimed the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium (HEAML) on human skin fibroblast cells (HSF-PI-16) proliferation, stimulation and growth properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, using HSF-PI-16 monolayer culture, we created one line scratch method as an in vitro wound closure and after 3 days monitored via an inverted microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HEAML selectively inhibited proliferation of HSF-PI-16 cells at higher concentration (>20.0 mg/mL), and stimulated at lower concentrations (<20.0 mg/mL). Following, HSF-PI-16 media treatments up to 72 h, HEAML demonstrated significantly elevated proliferation rates (p<0.05) and stimulation in a scratch wound assay (p<0.04). Furthermore, the morphological analysis of HSF-PI-16 cells at culture media were detected the figures of round to spindle, non-adherent, immature and mature cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly demonstrate the absence of any toxic effect of HEAML on human skin fibroblasts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating potential mechanisms of action of HEAML on fibroblasts proliferation, and stimulation, offering a greater insight and a better understanding of its effect in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghobadian
authors.affiliation: Departement of Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza Hafezi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rezazadeh
authors.affiliation: Departement of Physiology, Faculty of Paraveterinary Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: MSC in Nursing, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Taleb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokhazadeh
authors.affiliation: Departement of Cardiology, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Samiramis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghavam
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Achillea millefolium; Culture; Fibroblasts; Proliferation; Skin