title: A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats.
abstract: This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh Agrochemicals and Environmental Research Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Bangladesh Department of Biochemistry, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Mirzanagar, Savar, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tanvir
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Afroz
authors.affiliation: Agrochemicals and Environmental Research Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Maz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: Agrochemicals and Environmental Research Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia drmikhalil@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khalil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Chlorpyrifos; biochemical parameters; distribution model; histopathology; oxidative stress