title: The effects of water-based exercise in combination with blood flow restriction on strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women.
abstract: Water-based exercise and low-intensity exercise in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) are two methods that have independently been shown to improve muscle strength in those of advancing age. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of water-based exercise in combination with BFR on maximum dynamic strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. Twenty-eight women underwent an 8-week water-based exercise program. The participants were randomly allocated to one of the three groups: (a) water exercise only, (b) water exercise + BFR, or (c) a non-exercise control group. Functional capacity (chair stand test, timed up and go test, gait speed, and dynamic balance) and strength testing were tested before and after the 8-week aquatic exercise program. The main findings were as follows: (1) water-based exercise in combination with BFR significantly increased the lower limb maximum strength which was not observed with water-based exercise alone and (2) water-based exercise, regardless of the application of BFR, increased functional performance measured by the timed up and go test over a control group. Although we used a healthy population in the current study, these findings may have important implications for those who may be contraindicated to using traditional resistance exercise. Future research should explore this promising modality in these clinical populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.|Department of Physical Education, Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joamira P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.|Department of Physical Education, Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA. jploenne@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loenneke
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bemben
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberto C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Laurentino
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.|Department of Physical Education, Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilmário
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio C G
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.|Department of Physical Education, Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo D S
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.|Department of Physical Education, Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria S C
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000886:Anthropometry; D003250:Constriction; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Aging-water exercise; Physical function; Vascular occlusion