title: Effects of two calcium silicate cements on cell viability, angiogenic growth factor release and related gene expression in stem cells from the apical papilla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of two types of calcium silicate cements on viability, angiogenic growth factor release, and angiogenic and inflammation-related gene expression in human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  SCAPs were grown for 7 days with either ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or Biodentine (BD). Cell viability and media concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VEGFA) and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) were measured. The expression of genes related to angiogenic potential and inflammatory response was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). One-way and two-way analyses of variance with multiple comparisons Tukey's test were performed (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells in contact with either cement were associated with increased cell viability compared with the no-treatment group at day 1 but there were no differences amongst groups at days 3 and 7. Exposure to either cement significantly increased VEGF concentrations at day 3; however, ANGPT-1 levels decreased significantly compared with the no-treatment group at day 3. Exposure to MTA and BD stimulated expression of VEGFA and FIGF/VEGFD. Furthermore, exposure to both cements significantly decreased the mRNA levels of ANGPT1 and FGF2 relative to the no-treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both MTA and BD stimulated the expression of angiogenic genes and release of VEGF, inducing similar expression patterns; however, they appeared to inhibit the expression of specific genes, including ANGPT1 and FGF2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugonic School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugonic School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galicia
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugonic School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8096
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugonic School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tolar
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugonic School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugonic School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.|Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-3919
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000166:cytology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C467630:ANGPT1 protein, human; D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D017640:Silicates; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: angiogenic factor; calcium silicate cement; cell viability