title: Phosphorylation of Smads by Intracellular Kinases.
abstract: Smad proteins transduce the TGF-ß family signal at the cell surface into gene regulation in the nucleus. In addition to being phosphorylated by the TGF-ß family receptors, Smads are phosphorylated by a variety of intracellular kinases. The most studied are by cyclin-dependent kinases, the MAP kinase family members, and GSK-3. Phosphorylation by these kinases regulates Smad activities, leading to various biological effects. This chapter describes the methods for analyzing Smad phosphorylation by these kinases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. fangliu@cabm.rutgers.edu.|Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. fangliu@cabm.rutgers.edu.|Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. fangliu@cabm.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Genomics and Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsuura
mesh_terms: D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000379:methods; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051785:Smad Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
keywords: CDKs; GSK-3; MAPKs; Phosphorylation; Smad