title: Liposuction Preserves the Morphological Integrity of the Microvascular Network: Flow Cytometry and Confocal Microscopy Evidence in a Controlled Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liposuction is a very popular technique in plastic surgery that allows for the taking adipose tissue (AT) on large surfaces with little risk of morbidity. Although liposuction was previously shown to preserve large perforator vessels, little is known about the effects of liposuction on the microvasculature network.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of liposuction on the preservation of microvessels at tissue and cellular levels by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy following abdominoplasty procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of endothelial cells in AT from liposuction and en bloc AT was determined by multicolor flow cytometry. Moreover, vessel density and adipocyte content were analyzed in situ in 3 different types of AT (en bloc, from liposuction, and residual AT after liposuction) by confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometric analysis showed that en bloc AT contained 30.6% ± 12.9% and AT from liposuction 21.6% ± 9.9% of endothelial cells (CD31(pos)/CD45(neg)/CD235a(neg)/CD11b(neg)) (P = .009). Moreover, analysis of paired AT from the same patients (n = 5) confirmed a lower percentage of endothelial cells in AT from liposuction compared to en bloc AT (17.7% ± 4.5% vs 21.9% ± 3.3%, P = .031). Likewise, confocal microscopy showed that en bloc AT contained 8.2% ± 6.3%, AT from liposuction only 1.6% ± 1.0% (P < .0001), and AT after liposuction 8.9% ± 4.1% (P = .111) of CD31(pos) vessels. Conversely, adipocyte content was 39.5% ± 14.5% in the en bloc AT, 45% ± 18.4% in AT from liposuction (P = .390), and 18.8 ± 14.8% in AT after liposuction (P = .011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, we demonstrate that liposuction preserves the microvascular network. Indeed, a low percentage of endothelial cells was found in AT from liposuction and we confirm the persistence of microvessels in the tissue after liposuction.
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bertheuil
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaput
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berger-Müller
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ménard
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mourcin
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watier
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grolleau
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tarte
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sensébé
authors.affiliation: Dr Bertheuil is a Staff Surgeon and Dr Waiter is a Professor, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Dr Chaput is a Staff Surgeon, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Dr Berger-Müller has a Post-doctorate Position, Dr Sensébé is a Head Director of Team 2, and Dr Varin is a Staff Researcher, STROMALab Laboratory, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France. Drs Ménard and Mourcin are Staff Researchers and Dr Tarte is a Professor and Head Director, SITI Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U917, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Drs Grolleau and Garrido are Professors, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varin
mesh_terms: D061645:Abdominoplasty / Q000379:methods; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged