title: Whole genome sequencing identifies circulating Beijing-lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Guatemala and an associated urban outbreak.
abstract: Limited data are available regarding the molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains circulating in Guatemala. Beijing-lineage Mtb strains have gained prevalence worldwide and are associated with increased virulence and drug resistance, but there have been only a few cases reported in Central America. Here we report the first whole genome sequencing of Central American Beijing-lineage strains of Mtb. We find that multiple Beijing-lineage strains, derived from independent founding events, are currently circulating in Guatemala, but overall still represent a relatively small proportion of disease burden. Finally, we identify a specific Beijing-lineage outbreak centered on a poor neighborhood in Guatemala City.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Saelens
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lau-Bonilla
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Anneliese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moller
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Narda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Maylena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sisk
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Xet-Mull
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.affiliation: Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Clínica Familiar Luis Ángel García, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arathoon
authors.affiliation: Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Electronic address: investigacion@asi.org.gt.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samayoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Host-Microbial Interactions, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: david.tobin@duke.edu.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tobin
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006166:Guatemala / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011203:Poverty; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Beijing strains; Central America; Guatemala; Molecular epidemiology; Tuberculosis; Whole genome sequencing