title: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Quality of Recovery-15 Score and Its Comparison with the Post-Operative Quality Recovery Scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Quality of Recovery-15 scale (QoR-15) is an easy-to-use score for assessing the quality of post-operative recovery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of the present study was to translate the QoR-15 into the Chinese language and validate it. The secondary aim was to compare it with the Post-operative Quality Recovery Scale (PQRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Chinese version of the QoR-15 (QoR-15C) was developed according to the methods adopted by the International Quality of Life Assessment project. A total of 470 patients undergoing surgery and general anesthesia completed the QoR-15C and the PQRS before or on the day of surgery, and on post-operative days (POD)-1, -3, and -30. To validate the QoR-15C, we assessed validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical feasibility and compared them with those of the PQRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Convergent validity showed the Pearson's r coefficient of the QoR-15C with visual analog scale and the PQRS to be 0.63 and 0.10, respectively. Predictive validity showed it had significant correlations with duration of anesthesia, duration of operation, time in post-anesthesia care unit, time in intensive care unit, and length of hospital stay. Discriminant validity showed it differed between patients who had a good or poor recovery, and decreased with increasing grades (indicating difficulty and complexity) of surgery. The intraclass correlation coefficient, split-half coefficient, and Cronbach's α were 0.99, 0.70, and 0.76, respectively. The standardized effect size ranged from 0.85 to 1.20, and the standardized response mean ranged from 0.93 to 1.27. Compared with the QoR-15C, the PQRS may have inferior convergent validity (0.36 vs. 0.63), and split-half reliability (0.63 vs. 0.70). Furthermore, the PQRS took longer to complete: 4.20 (standard deviation 0.79) versus 1.57 (standard deviation 0.65) min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to the original English version, the QoR-15C reveals satisfactory psychometric properties. Furthermore, it may be a more valid, reliable, and easy-to-use scale than the PQRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37#, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Shan
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37#, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37#, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. zuoyunxiahxa@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yun-Xia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-1845
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007802:Language; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult