title: Rapid screening of haloacetamides in water using salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled injection-port silylation gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: The rapid screening of trace amounts of the nitrogenous disinfection by-products, haloacetamides (HAcAms), in drinking and swimming pool water was performed by a simple and reliable procedure based on salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) combined with injection-port silylation gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (IPS-GC-MS) method. The optimal SALLE conditions involved the injection of 4-mL of ethyl acetate into a 10-mL water sample (pH 7) containing 3-g of sodium sulfate. After vortex extraction for 1min and centrifugation, 10μL of the extract (mixed with 1μL of MTBSTFA) was directly determined by IPS-GC-MS. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were determined to be 0.03-0.3μg/L. Precision, as indicated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), was less than 10% for both intra- and inter-day analysis. Accuracy, expressed as the mean extraction recovery, was between 76% and 94%. The SALLE plus IPS-GC-MS was successfully applied to quantitatively determine HAcAms from drinking and swimming pool water samples, and the total concentrations of the compounds ranged from 0.43 to 4.03μg/L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Ling
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Army Academy ROC, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shin-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tzing
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan. Electronic address: wanghsiending@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wang-Hsien
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C012036:sodium sulfate; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: GC–MS; Haloacetamides; Nitrogenous disinfection by-products; Salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction; Water analysis