title: Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in GCF during Orthodontic Tooth Movement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present constituents of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can reflect the changes occurring in underlying tissues. Considering variety of biologic bone markers, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase have been examined as bone turn over markers in orthodontic tooth movement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study designed in a longitudinal pattern to determine the changes of acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP & ALP) in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  An upper canines from twelve patients (mean age: 14±2 years) undergoing extraction orthodontic treatment for distal movement served as the test tooth (DC), and its contralateral (CC) and antagonist (AC) canines were used as controls. The CC was included in orthodontic appliance without orthodontic force; the AC was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was harvested from mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance placement (T0), and 14 (T2) and 28 days (T3) after it and ALP and ACP concentration were determined spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALP concentration was elevated significantly in DC and CC groups at days 14 and 28 compared with the AC. In DC group, the ALP was significantly greater in mesial sites than distal site, while no significant changes were found between both sites of CC. The peak level of ALP was observed in mesial sites of DC at T2. Regarding ACP, significant elevation of this enzyme was seen in DC group both in mesial and distal sites at T2 and T3. The peak level of this enzyme was seen at T2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring simultaneous changes of ALP and ACP levels in GCF can reflect the tissue responses occur in periodontium during bone formation and bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontic, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farahani
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammadreza
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Endodontic, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dianat
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pediatric, Dental School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoramian Tusi
authors.affiliation: Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Younessian
keywords: Acid phosphatase; Alkaline phosphatase; Bone deposition; Bone resorption; Gingival crevicular fluid