title: Regulatory T Cells Suppress Natural Killer Cell Immunity in Patients With Human Cervical Carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the functional attributes of CD4 CD25 regulatory T (Treg) cells by suppressing natural killer (NK) cell activity in human cervical cancer (CC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Triple-color flow cytometry was used to study the phenotypic expression of CD4 CD25 Treg cells and NK cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In vitro coculture assays were performed to illustrate the cytokine immunoregulations between Treg cells and NK cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower expression ratio of NK cells and higher expression ratio of Treg cells in TILs than PBLs were found. The NK cells displayed significantly higher expression ratio of inhibitory NK receptors (CD158a, CD158b, and NKG2A) and lower expression ratio of activating NK receptors (NKG2D, NKp46, and NKp30) as well as perforin in TILs than PBLs, suggesting the suppressed cytotoxicity of the NK cells in the CC tumor milieu. The expression ratio of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on Treg cells as well as TGF-βRII on Treg cells and NK cells was significantly higher in TILs than PBLs. Further functional in vitro assays demonstrated that NK cell function was suppressed by Treg cells, mimicking the inhibition of TGF-β on NK cells, and interleukin-2/interleukin-15 stimulation was able to restore the NK cell activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that Treg cells in TILs may abrogate NK cell cytotoxicity through TGF-β pathway, and therefore, Treg cell elimination may enhance NK cell activity and be a novel therapeutic strategy for CC.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital; and Departments of †Surgery and ‡Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chao-Hsu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Pei-Shen
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bor-Ching
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Su-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1