title: Modeling sequence and quasi-uniform assumption in computational neurostimulation.
abstract: Computational neurostimulation aims to develop mathematical constructs that link the application of neuromodulation with changes in behavior and cognition. This process is critical but daunting for technical challenges and scientific unknowns. The overarching goal of this review is to address how this complex task can be made tractable. We describe a framework of sequential modeling steps to achieve this: (1) current flow models, (2) cell polarization models, (3) network and information processing models, and (4) models of the neuroscientific correlates of behavior. Each step is explained with a specific emphasis on the assumptions underpinning underlying sequential implementation. We explain the further implementation of the quasi-uniform assumption to overcome technical limitations and unknowns. We specifically focus on examples in electrical stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation. Our approach and conclusions are broadly applied to immediate and ongoing efforts to deploy computational neurostimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: bikson@ccny.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Marom
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bikson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Antonios P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mourdoukoutas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aboseria
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khadka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Devin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Computational models; Direct current; Electrical stimulation; Finite Element Model; Neuromodulation; Quasi-uniform