title: Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification in detection of Clostridium difficile in stool samples: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. More recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has become readily available for the diagnosis of CDI, and many studies have investigated the usefulness of LAMP for rapid and accurate diagnosis of CDI. However, the overall diagnostic accuracy of LAMP for CDI remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, our aim was to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of LAMP in detection of Clostridium difficile (CD) in stool samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was done in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases up to February 2014 to identify published studies that evaluated the diagnostic role of LAMP for CD. Methodological quality was assessed according to the quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy (QUADAS) instrument. The sensitivities (SEN), specificities (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were pooled statistically using random effects models. Statistical analysis was performed by employing Meta-Disc 1.4 software. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were used to summarize overall test performance. Funnel plots were used to test the potential publication bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9 studies met inclusion criteria for the present meta-analysis. The pooled SEN and SPE for diagnosing CD were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99), respectively. The PLR was 47.72 (95% CI: 15.10-150.82), NLR was 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04-0.14) and DOR was 745.19 (95% CI: 229.30-2421.72). The area under the ROC was 0.98. Meta-regression indicated that the total number of samples was a source of heterogeneity for LAMP in detection of CD. The funnel plots suggested no publication bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LAMP meets the minimum desirable characteristics of a diagnostic test of SEN, SPE and other measures of accuracy in the diagnosis of CD, and it is suitable as a rapid, effective and reliable stand-alone diagnostic test for diagnosis of CDI, potentially decreasing morbidity and nosocomial spread of CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen-En
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang-Ming
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi-Ming
keywords: Clostridium difficile; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; meta-analysis