title: An Assessment of the Effect of Rotenone on Selected Non-Target Aquatic Fauna.
abstract: Rotenone, a naturally occurring ketone, is widely employed for the management of invasive fish species. The use of rotenone poses serious challenges to conservation practitioners due to its impacts on non-target organisms including amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Using laboratory studies, we investigated the effects of different rotenone concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 100 μg L-1) on selected invertebrate groups; Aeshnidae, Belostomatids, Decapods, Ephemeroptera, Pulmonata and zooplankton over a period of 18 hours. Based on field observations and body size, we hypothesized that Ephemeropterans and zooplankton would be more susceptible to rotenone than Decapods, Belostomatids and snails. Experimental results supported this hypothesis and mortality and behaviour effects varied considerably between taxa, ranging from no effect (crab Potamonuates sidneyi) to 100% mortality (Daphnia pulex and Paradiaptomus lamellatus). Planktonic invertebrates were particularly sensitive to rotenone even at very low concentrations. Future research should investigate the recovery time of invertebrate communities after the application of rotenone and conduct field assessments assessing the longer term effects of rotenone exposure on the population dynamics of those less sensitive organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Tatenda
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalu
authors.affiliation: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.|Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.affiliation: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.|Scientific Services Department, CapeNature, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jordaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Froneman
authors.affiliation: South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.|Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
authors.forename: Olaf L F
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Weyl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects*; D012402:Rotenone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012402:Rotenone