title: Shared Decision Making and the Use of Decision Aids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In shared decision making (SDM), the patient and the physician reach decisions in partnership. We conducted a trial of SDM training for physicians who treat patients with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians who treat patients with cancer were invited to participate in a cluster-randomized trial and carry out SDM together with breast or colon cancer patients who faced decisions about their treatment. Decision-related physician-patient conversations were recorded. The patients filled out questionnaires immediately after the consultations (T1) and three months later (T2). The primary endpoints were the patients' confidence in and satisfaction with the decisions taken. The secondary endpoints were the process of decision making, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and externally assessed physician competence in SDM. The physicians in the intervention group underwent 12 hours of training in SDM, including the use of decision aids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 900 physicians invited to participated in the trial, 105 answered the invitation. 86 were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group (44 and 42 physicians, respectively); 33 of the 86 physicians recruited at least one patient for the trial. A total of 160 patients participated in the trial, of whom 55 were treated by physicians in the intervention group. There were no intergroup differences in the primary endpoints. Trained physicians were more competent in SDM (Cohen's d = 0.56; p<0.05). Patients treated by trained physicians had lower anxiety and depression scores immediately after the consultation (d = -0.12 and -0.14, respectively; p<0.10), and markedly lower anxiety and depression scores three months later (d = -0.94 and -0.67, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When physicians treating cancer patients improve their competence in SDM by appropriate training, their patients may suffer less anxiety and depression. These effects merit further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Freiburg, Celenus-Kliniken GmbH, Offenburg, Practice for Gastroenterology & Oncology, Schwetzingen.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härter
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Fely
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komarahadi
authors.forename: Levente
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kriston
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kallinowski
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eich
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bieber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome