title: Urinary markers in the early stage of nephropathy in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a urinary tubular marker, liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and an inflammatory marker, serum/urinary YKL-40, with albuminuria in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with childhood-onset T1D and 32 controls were enrolled. Serum and urinary concentrations of YKL-40 and urinary concentrations of L-FABP were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of YKL-40 were not significantly different between the control group and the patient groups. However, the levels of urinary YKL-40/creatinine (Cr) were higher in the patients, even those with normoalbuminuria than in the controls (p < 0.001). The levels of urinary L-FABP/Cr were not different between the control group and the patient groups. However, the level of urinary L-FABP/Cr in the microalbuminuria group was higher than that in the normoalbuminuria group (p = 0.03). There were no associations between the levels of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and urinary L-FABP/Cr or YKL-40/Cr. However, the urinary L-FABP/Cr level was significantly correlated with the hemoglobin A1C level (p = 0.005) and the urinary YKL-40/Cr level (p = 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary L-FABP/Cr and YKL-40/Cr may reflect renal injury in early stages of nephropathy in patients with childhood-onset T1D, even in the normoalbuminuric state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Ah
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won Kyoung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. jmhpe@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-1014
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Kyu
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016482:Urinalysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; C493319:FABP1 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Children; Diabetic nephropathy; Liver-type fatty acid binding protein; YKL-40