title: Force-Velocity Relationship of Upper Body Muscles: Traditional Versus Ballistic Bench Press.
abstract: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the linearity of the force-velocity relationship, as well as the reliability of maximum force (F0), maximum velocity (V0), slope (a), and maximum power (P0); (2) compare these parameters between the traditional and ballistic bench press (BP); and (3) determine the correlation of F0 with the directly measured BP 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Thirty-two men randomly performed 2 sessions of traditional BP and 2 sessions of ballistic BP during 2 consecutive weeks. Both the maximum and mean values of force and velocity were recorded when loaded by 20-70% of 1RM. All force-velocity relationships were strongly linear (r > .99). While F0 and P0 were highly reliable (ICC: 0.91-0.96, CV: 3.8-5.1%), lower reliability was observed for V0 and a (ICC: 0.49-0.81, CV: 6.6-11.8%). Trivial differences between exercises were found for F0 (ES: < 0.2), however the a was higher for the traditional BP (ES: 0.68-0.94), and V0 (ES: 1.04-1.48) and P0 (ES: 0.65-0.72) for the ballistic BP. The F0 strongly correlated with BP 1RM (r: 0.915-0.938). The force-velocity relationship is useful to assess the upper body maximal capabilities to generate force, velocity, and power.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Amador
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Ramos
authors.forename: Slobodan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaric
authors.forename: Paulino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padial
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feriche
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult