title: Diagnostic accuracy of urinary prostate protein glycosylation profiling in prostatitis diagnosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although prostatitis is a common male urinary tract infection, clinical diagnosis of prostatitis is difficult. The developmental mechanism of prostatitis is not yet unraveled which led to the elaboration of various biomarkers. As changes in asparagine-linked-(N-)-glycosylation were observed between healthy volunteers (HV), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients, a difference could exist in biochemical parameters and urinary N-glycosylation between HV and prostatitis patients. We therefore investigated if prostatic protein glycosylation could improve the diagnosis of prostatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in serum and urine biochemical markers and in total urine N-glycosylation profile of prostatic proteins were determined between HV (N=66) and prostatitis patients (N=36). Additionally, diagnostic accuracy of significant biochemical markers and changes in N-glycosylation was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary white blood cell (WBC) count enabled discrimination of HV from prostatitis patients (P<0.001). Urinary bacteria count allowed for discriminating prostatitis patients from HV (P<0.001). Total amount of biantennary structures (urinary 2A/MA marker) was significantly lower in prostatitis patients compared to HV (P<0.001). Combining the urinary 2A/MA marker and urinary WBC count resulted in an AUC of 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(0.70-0.89) which was significantly better than urinary WBC count (AUC=0.70, 95% CI=[0.59-0.82], P=0.042) as isolated test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated the diagnostic value of urinary N-glycosylation profiling, which shows great potential as biomarker for prostatitis. Further research is required to unravel the developmental course of prostatic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tijl
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vermassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Praet
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poelaert
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nicolaas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lumen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Decaestecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Belle
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rottey
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delanghe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002452:Cell Count; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010783:Photometry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: diagnostic marker; prostatitis; urinary asparagine-linked glycosylation