title: Automatic detection of abnormalities in mammograms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, an increased interest has been seen in the area of medical image processing and, as a consequence, Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) systems. The basic purpose of CAD systems is to assist doctors in the process of diagnosis. CAD systems, however, are quite expensive, especially, in most of the developing countries. Our focus is on developing a low-cost CAD system. Today, most of the CAD systems regarding mammogram classification target automatic detection of calcification and abnormal mass. Calcification normally indicates an early symptom of breast cancer if it appears as a small size bright spot in a mammogram image.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the observation that calcification appears as small bright spots on a mammogram image, we propose a new scale-specific blob detection technique in which the scale is selected through supervised learning. By computing energy for each pixel at two different scales, a new feature "Ratio Energy" is introduced for efficient blob detection. Due to the imposed simplicity of the feature and post processing, the running time of our algorithm is linear with respect to image size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two major types of calcification, microcalcification and macrocalcification have been identified and highlighted by drawing a circular boundary outside the area that contains calcification. Results are quite visible and satisfactory, and the radiologists can easily view results through the final detected boundary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAD systems are designed to help radiologists in verifying their diagnostics. A new way of identifying calcification is proposed based on the property that microcalcification is small in size and appears in clusters. Results are quite visible and encouraging, and can assist radiologists in early detection of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. zobia.suhail@pucit.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Zobia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Suhail
authors.affiliation: Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. syed.sarwar@pucit.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Punjab University College of Information Technology (PUCIT), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. kashif.murtaza@pucit.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murtaza
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*