title: Modeling transient retinal ischemia in mouse by ligation of pterygopalatine artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The available therapeutic strategies have limited potential.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In order to understand the pathophysiology and validating therapies for retinal ischemia, establishment of reproducible animal models is necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the model discussed in this article, the pterygopalatine artery (PPA) is ligated along with the external carotid artery for 3.5 hours and thereafter allowed to reperfuse. Because PPA supplies the blood to the ophthalmic artery, the ligation of this artery causes retinal ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This article describes the validation of retinal ischemia-reperfusion model in mouse through PPA ligation and its validation through fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and immunofluorescence staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a glial injury marker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion this article describes the creation of mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury which can be reproduced in a shorter time duration resulting in reduced mortality.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, INDIA.
authors.forename: Gillipsie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Minhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Munehisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India.
authors.forename: Reema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, INDIA.
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand
keywords: External carotid artery; Ischemia-reperfusion; Mouse model; Pterygopalatine artery