title: Concentration of Umami Compounds in Pork Meat and Cooking Juice with Different Cooking Times and Temperatures.
abstract: This study examined the concentrations of umami compounds in pork loins cooked at 3 different temperatures and 3 different lengths of cooking times. The pork loins were cooked with the sous vide technique. The free amino acids (FAAs), glutamic acid and aspartic acid; the 5'-nucleotides, inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP); and corresponding nucleoside inosine of the cooked meat and its released juice were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Under the experimental conditions used, the cooking temperature played a more important role than the cooking time in the concentration of the analyzed compounds. The amino acid concentrations in the meat did not remain constant under these experimental conditions. The most notable effect observed was that of the cooking temperature and the higher amino acid concentrations in the released juice of meat cooked at 80 °C compared with 60 and 70 °C. This is most likely due to the heat induced hydrolysis of proteins and peptides releasing water soluble FAAs from the meat into the cooking juice. In this experiment, the cooking time and temperature had no influence on the IMP concentrations observed. However, the AMP concentrations increased with the increasing temperature and time. This suggests that the choice of time and temperature in sous vide cooking affects the nucleotide concentration of pork meat. The Sous vide technique proved to be a good technique to preserve the cooking juice and the results presented here show that cooking juice is rich in umami compounds, which can be used to provide a savory or brothy taste.
authors.affiliation: Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Minna K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rotola-Pukkila
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki Univ. of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland.
authors.forename: Seija T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Pihlajaviita
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Dept. of Biochemistry, Univ. of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kaimainen
authors.affiliation: Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Anu I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Hopia
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate / Q000032:analysis; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000032:analysis; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000032:analysis*; D059748:Proteolysis; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D013649:Taste; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009705:Nucleosides; D009711:Nucleotides; D014867:Water; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate
keywords: cooked meat; cooking juice; free amino acids; nucleotides; pork