title: Outcome of Preterm Infants With Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection via Breast Milk: A Two-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study.
abstract: Approximately 15% of preterm infants may develop postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from seropositive mothers via breast milk and are at risk for neurological sequelae in childhood. The aims of this study were to assess the effects and outcomes on growth, neurodevelopmental status, and hearing in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants with postnatal CMV infection via breast milk at the corrected age of 12 and 24 months.The prospective follow-up study population comprised all living preterm children (n = 55) with a birth weight ≤1500 g and gestational age of ≤35 weeks, who had been participated in our "postnatal CMV infection via breast milk" studies in 2000 and 2009, respectively. The cohort of children was assessed at 12 and 24 months. Clinical outcomes were documented during hospitalization and after discharge. Long-term outcomes included anthropometry, audiologic tests, gross motor quotient, Infant International Battery, and neurodevelopmental outcomes; all were assessed at postcorrected age in 12 and 24 months during follow-up visits.Of the 55 infants enrolled in the study (4 noninfected infants were excluded because their parents did not join this follow-up program later), 14 infants postnatally acquired CMV infection through breast-feeding (infected group) and were compared with 41 infants without CMV infection (control group). No significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, anthropometry, or psychomotor and mental development on the Bayley scale of infant development. None of the infants had CMV-related death or permanent sensorineural hearing loss.Transmission of CMV from seropositive mother via breast milk to preterm infants does not appear at this time to have major adverse effects on clinical outcomes, growth, neurodevelopmental status, and hearing function at 12 and 24 months corrected age.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neonatology (W-TJ, C-HS, J-HC, H-YH, H-AK, C-CP, H-YC), Division of Pediatric Neurology (N-CC, C-SH), Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease (N-CC), Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei (W-TJ, N-CC, B-HY); MacKay Medical College, New Taipei (W-TJ, N-CC, C-SH, C-HS, J-HC, H-YH, H-AK, C-CP); Taiwan Premature Infant Developmental Collaborative Study Group (W-TJ, C-SH, C-HS, J-HC, H-YH, H-AK, C-CP, B-HY); Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital (B-HY); and Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan (C-PC).
authors.forename: Wai-Tim
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Jim
authors.forename: Nan-Chang
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Che-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chyong-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Jui-Hsing
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Han-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Hsin-An
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Hung-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Bey-Hwa
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yui
authors.forename: Chih-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chuu
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology