title: Chromium speciation in human blood samples based on acetyl cysteine by dispersive liquid-liquid biomicroextraction and in-vitro evaluation of acetyl cysteine/cysteine for decreasing of hexavalent chromium concentration.
abstract: A rapid and efficient method based on ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid biomicroextraction (IL-DLLBME) was used for speciation and preconcentration of Chromium (III, VI) in human blood samples before determination by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ET-AAS). In this method, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a ionic liquid was dissolved in acetone as a dispersant solvent and then the binary solution was rapidly injected by a syringe into the blood samples containing Cr(III), which have already complexed by acetyl cysteine (NAC) at optimized pH. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range (LR), limit of detection (LOD) and preconcentration factor (PF) were obtained 0.03-4.4 μg L(-1), 0.005 μg L(-1) and 10 respectively (RSD <5%). In vitro study show us, the cysteine (Cys) as a prodrug of NAC can decrease the concentration of Cr(VI) in blood samples and human body. Validation of methodology was confirmed by standard reference material (SRM).
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center (OEHRC), Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI), Tehran 1485733111, Iran. Electronic address: hamidshirkhanloo@yahoo.ca.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirkhanloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghazaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Mousavi
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D003545:Cysteine / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011355:Prodrugs; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D003545:Cysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Acetyl cysteine and cysteine; Chromium; Dispersive liquid–liquid bio-microextraction; Human blood sample; Speciation