title: High durability and low toxicity antimicrobial coatings fabricated by quaternary ammonium silane copolymers.
abstract: Adhesion and subsequent growth of microorganisms on material surfaces are a major concern in many biomedical applications. Currently, various polymers are immobilized on material surfaces to prevent microbial colonization. However, there are several challenges with regard to the coating materials, including their inability to kill microorganisms, complexity of surface grafting, limited durability and toxicity towards humans. To address these challenges, we synthesize a novel quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) antimicrobial copolymer to confer the antimicrobial effect via a simple thermal-curing coating process. The QAS copolymers were less toxic to 3 human cell lines than a commercial antimicrobial QAS monomeric agent, namely, dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl]ammonium chloride (DTPAC). Moreover, the QAS coatings demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy and durability than those of the DTPAC coatings. In conclusion, the novel QAS copolymers are useful to prevent substrates from microbial infections, yet with low toxicity to humans and long durability. In addition, the synthetic process is potentially scalable for industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543. lkang@nus.edu.sg and 3M Innovation Singapore, 100 Woodlands Avenue, Singapore 738205.
authors.forename: Hairui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 3M Innovation Singapore, 100 Woodlands Avenue, Singapore 738205.
authors.forename: Hongqian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543. lkang@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Ke Xin
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.affiliation: 3M Innovation Singapore, 100 Woodlands Avenue, Singapore 738205.
authors.forename: Chi-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3M Innovation Singapore, 100 Woodlands Avenue, Singapore 738205.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 3M Innovation Singapore, 100 Woodlands Avenue, Singapore 738205 and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Melvin T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Zin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543. lkang@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012821:Silanes; C000613671:dimethyloctadecyl(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ammonium chloride