title: Lumbar Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joint Pain.
abstract: Lumbar zygapophyseal joints act as primary pain generators in at least 10-15% of patients with chronic low back pain.Diagnostic nerve blocks are the most reliable way to diagnose lumbar zygapophyseal joint pain.IASP recommends either controlled or comparative blocks for diagnosis of zygapophyseal joint pain as there is a significant incidence of false positives with single blocks.Management should be multimodal comprising education, exercises, analgesics and procedural interventions to achieve functional restoration.There is a need for further RCTs with standardised diagnostic criteria and outcome measures as well as long-term data to determine the efficacy of radiofrequency denervation.
authors.affiliation: Consultants in Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saravanakumar
authors.affiliation: Consultants in Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harvey