title: Self-reported psychopathy in the Middle East: a cross-national comparison across Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The construct of psychopathy is sparsely researched in the non-Western world, particularly in the Middle East. As such, the extent to which the psychopathy construct can be generalized to other cultures, including Middle Eastern Arab cultures, is largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study investigated the cross-cultural/national comparability of self-reported psychopathy in the United States (N = 786), Egypt (N = 296), and Saudi Arabia (N = 341).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A widely used psychopathy questionnaire demonstrated largely similar properties across the American and Middle Eastern samples and associations between Five Factor Model (FFM) personality and psychopathy were broadly consistent. Nevertheless, several notable cross-cultural differences emerged, particularly with regard to the internal consistencies of psychopathy dimensions and the correlates of Coldheartedness. Additionally, in contrast to most findings in Western cultures, associations between psychopathy and FFM personality varied consistently by gender in the Egyptian sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings lend preliminary support to the construct validity of self-reported psychopathy in Arabic-speaking cultures, providing provisional evidence for the cross-cultural generalizability of certain core characteristics of psychopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA. rlatzman@gsu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Latzman
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Megreya
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. amegreya@qu.edu.qa.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Megraya
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA. lhecht1@student.gsu.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. jdmiller@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. anne.winiarski@emory.edu.
authors.forename: D Anne
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Winiarski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. slilien@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Scott O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lilienfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000208:ethnology*; D044383:Black People; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American