title: Functional extension of high-speed AFM for wider biological applications.
abstract: High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) has been established and used, which can visualize biomolecules in dynamic action at high spatiotemporal resolution without disturbing their function. Various studies conducted in the past few years have demonstrated that the dynamic structure and action of biomolecules revealed with HS-AFM can provide greater insights than ever before into how the molecules function. However, this microscopy has still limitations in some regards. Recently, efforts have been carried out to overcome some of the limitations. As a result, it has now become possible to visualize dynamic processes occurring even on live cells and perform simultaneous observations of topographic and fluorescent images at a high rate. In this review, we focus on technical developments for expanding the range of objects and phenomena observable by HS-AFM as well as for granting multiple functionalities to HS-AFM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; CREST/JST, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchihashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; CREST/JST, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan. Electronic address: tando@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: AFM; Biomolecules; High-speed AFM; Imaging; Live cells