title: Measuring Driving-Related Attitudes Among Older Adults: Psychometric Evidence for the Decisional Balance Scale Across Time and Gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Decisional Balance Scale (DBS) was developed to assess older adults' attitudes related to driving and includes both intrapersonal and interpersonal motivations for driving. This study examined the psychometric properties of the DBS ratings across 3 time points in a sample of 928 older drivers who participated in the Canadian Driving Research Initiative for Vehicular Safety in the Elderly (Candrive).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement invariance of the DBS was assessed longitudinally and across gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a two-factor model (positive and negative attitudes) for both driving beliefs related to the self and other provided a good fit to the data at each time point. Measurement invariance was supported across time and gender. Significant associations between the DBS factor scores and other driving measures (e.g., perceived driving ability and self-regulatory driving practices) provided evidence of convergent validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DBS appears to be a robust instrument for measuring attitudes toward driving and is recommended for continued use in future research on driving behaviors with older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. paweenas@uvic.ca.
authors.forename: Paweena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sukhawathanakul
authors.affiliation: Centre on Aging, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuokko
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.affiliation: Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
authors.forename: Sjaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppel
authors.affiliation: School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitain, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gélinas
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naglie
authors.affiliation: School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitain, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazer
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vrkljan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Man-Son-Hing
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bédard
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.affiliation: School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation du Montréal Métropolitain, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Korner-Bitensky
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Beliefs; Driving; Older driver; Self-regulatory driving practices