title: The adapted American Academy of Sleep Medicine sleep scoring criteria in one month old infants: A means to improve comparability?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The lack of standards induces variability in the sleep staging of infants less than two months of age. We evaluated the feasibility of the 2012 AASM sleep scoring rules for healthy one month old infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  84 polysomnographies were scored into sleep stages with the adapted AASM criteria. The acquired sleep parameters were compared with the parameters in the literature. In addition the effect of age on sleep was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two independent scorers achieved substantial agreement by using the adapted AASM criteria. The infants' sleep parameters showed marked variability. The amount of active sleep was 36.7% (mean, range 21.3-54.1%), quiet sleep 41.5% (30.3-57.7%) and indeterminate sleep 21.6% (9.7-36.0%). With age sleep became more continuous, but the sleep stage percentages did not change. Our sleep parameters differed clearly from the parameters presented in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adapted scoring rules were reproducible. This encourages their use in clinical practice, as no uniform recommendations exist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal values are essential in pediatric sleep medicine and the individual variability in the sleep parameters of healthy infants advocates the standardisation of scoring methods. Here we present sleep stage normative values for one month old infants based on the AASM scoring criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: anna-liisa.satomaa@pshp.fi.
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Satomaa
authors.affiliation: Tampere University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saarenpää-Heikkilä
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare (Child and Adolescent Mental Health), Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: E Juulia
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paavonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Sari-Leena
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Himanen
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes / Q000592:standards*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D014481:United States
keywords: Infant polysomnography; Infant sleep; Sleep stage scoring