title: Effect of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on the Participation of Vasodilator Factors in Aorta from Orchidectomized Rats.
abstract: Benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Vascular tone regulation is largely mediated by endothelial factors whose release is modulated by sex hormones. Since the incidence of cardiovascular pathologies has been correlated with decreased levels of sex hormones, the aim of this study was to analyze whether a diet supplemented with the specific PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could prevent vascular changes induced by an impaired gonadal function. For this purpose, control and orchidectomized rats were fed with a standard diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) sunflower oil or with 3% (w/w) sunflower oil plus 2% (w/w) DHA. The lipid profile, the blood pressure, the production of prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO), and the redox status of biological samples from control and orchidectomized rats, fed control or DHA-supplemented diet, were analyzed. The vasodilator response and the contribution of NO, prostanoids and hyperpolarizing mechanisms were also studied. The results showed that orchidectomy negatively affected the lipid profile, increased the production of prostanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased NO production and the antioxidant capacity, as well as the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in the vasodilator responses. The DHA-supplemented diet of the orchidectomized rats decreased the release of prostanoids and ROS, while increasing NO production and the antioxidant capacity, and it also improved the lipid profile. Additionally, it restored the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms by activating potassium. Since the modifications induced by the DHA-supplemented diet were observed in the orchidectomized, but not in the healthy group, DHA seems to exert cardioprotective effects in physiopathological situations in which vascular dysfunction exists.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Diva M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Villalpando
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Campo
authors.affiliation: Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlota
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Largo
authors.affiliation: Gabinete Veterinario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabernero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Veracruz, México.
authors.forename: Hugo S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.|Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010938:Plant Oils; D011453:Prostaglandins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D009569:Nitric Oxide