title: Immunostimulatory effect of salmon prolactin on expression of Toll-like receptors in Oncorhynchus mykiss infected with Piscirickettsia salmonis.
abstract: In aquaculture, antibiotics are the traditional treatment used against bacterial infections. However, their use has increasingly come into question given their effects on fish and, possibly, on human health. Consequently, there is interest in developing alternative treatments aimed at stimulating the innate immune response of fish, which is the first line of defense against pathogens. In relation to this, the Toll-like receptors (TLR) aid in the selective identification of pathogens. The present study evaluated immunostimulatory activity of prolactin (PRL) hormone on expression levels of TLR1, 9, and 22, MyD88, and IL-1β during in vitro infection with the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis, in primary cultures of Oncorhynchus mykiss head kidney cells. Results indicated that PRL increased expression of TLRs and MyD88 during the first hours of bacterial infection, while a constant increase in expression was found for IL-1β. These findings suggest that PRL indirectly modulates expression of TLRs by activating expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling, thereby regulating immune response over long periods of time during bacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Mailbox 567, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Mailbox 567, Valdivia, Chile.|Centro Fondap, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, 1695, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isla
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Mailbox 567, Valdivia, Chile.|Centro Fondap, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, 1695, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haussmann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Mailbox 567, Valdivia, Chile. jefigueroa@uach.cl.|Centro Fondap, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, 1695, Concepción, Chile. jefigueroa@uach.cl.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D053522:Piscirickettsia; D044225:Piscirickettsiaceae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D011388:Prolactin
keywords: IL-1β; MyD88; O. mykiss; P. salmonis; Prolactin; Toll-like receptors