title: Alterations in Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Status in Lichen Planus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lichen planus (LP), a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disorder, wherein inflammation produces lipid metabolism disturbances, is linked to increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk with dyslipidemia. Increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides have also been implicated in its pathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the status on lipid disturbances, oxidative stress, and inflammation in LP patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was initiated after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee permission and written informed consent from participants. The study included 125 patients (74 LP patients and 51 age and sex-matched controls) visiting the outpatient clinic in the dermatology department of our hospital. Variables analyzed included lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of lipid parameters revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) along with decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in LP patients as compared to their respective controls. LP patients also presented with a significantly higher atherogenic index that is, (TC/HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios than the controls. A significant increase in CRP levels was observed among the LP patients. There was a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of the lipid peroxidation product, MDA and a statistically significant decrease in CAT activity in LP patients as compared to their respective controls. A statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.96) was observed between serum MDA levels and duration of LP whereas a significantly negative correlation (r = -0.76) was seen between CAT activity and LP duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic inflammation in patients with LP may explain the association with dyslipidemia and CV risk. Our findings also suggest that an increase in oxidative stress and imbalance in the antioxidant defense mechanisms in LP may play a role in the pathogenesis of LP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Falguni H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Somshukla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Renuka P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Supriya S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhalerao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Chitra S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nayak
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; dyslipidemia; inflammation; lichen planus; oxidative stress