title: Effects of the GSK-3β inhibitor (2Z,3E)-6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime upon ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a deadly disease, and despite improvements in treatment, overall 5-year survival is low. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase. We wished to ascertain if the GSK-3β inhibitor (2Z,3E)-6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, known as "BIO," can suppress OC development. The OC cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were exposed to BIO. At different time points, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell invasion/cell migration assays were carried out. Phalloidin staining was undertaken to observe lamellipodia formation. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to assess expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein of GSK-3β, cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and p21. BIO suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of OC cells; reduced lamellipodia formation; and induced G1 arrest of the cell cycle. BIO exposure led to a significant downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 and MMP9 in comparison with untreated control cells. In contrast, BIO exposure upregulated mRNA and protein expression of p21 in comparison with untreated control cells. Besides, GSK-3β small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection in ovarian cancer cells also downregulated GSK-3β, cyclin D1, and MMP9 protein expression while upregulated p21 expression. These data suggest that BIO, as an inhibitor of GSK-3β, can suppress OC development. Therefore, BIO could be a candidate drug for the treatment of OC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ai-Song
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China. szl_zhaolin@163.com.|Clinical Oncology College, Dalian Medical University, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China. szl_zhaolin@163.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010091:Oximes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C483321:6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D010091:Oximes; D019938:Cyclin D1; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β; Invasion; Migration; Ovarian cancer; Proliferation