title: Spousal Caregivers of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients: Differences between Caregivers with Low vs. High Caregiving Demands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared to non-caregivers, caregivers have higher rates of depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, less mutuality, and health care visits. However, few investigators have examined family caregivers after coronary artery bypass (CAB) surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in caregiving difficulties, mutuality (i.e., open communication; avoiding sad thoughts), and depressive symptoms based on low vs. high caregiving demands among spousal caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, comparative design was used to examine 33 spousal caregivers of CAB surgery patients (16 in low and 17 in high caregiving demand groups).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures included: Caregiving Burden Scale, Mutuality and Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that caregivers with high caregiving demands reported more caregiving difficulties and more open communication about the surgery compared to caregivers with low demands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregivers with greater caregiving demands may need additional support to assist them with the caregiving situation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Priority should be given to family caregivers, who take care of patients in cardiac rehabilitation, with higher caregiving demand.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. epark@daegu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Esther O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Bernice C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.affiliation: Public Affairs and Community Service, Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosloski
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pullen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards
keywords: Caregiving demand; caregiving difficulty; coronary artery bypass surgery; depressive symptoms; mutuality