title: Therapeutic Efficacy of Hydrochlorothiazide in Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Boys With Idiopathic Hypercalciuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) can be one of the causes of nocturnal enuresis (NE) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) ameliorates hypercalciuria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of HCT in boys with primary monosymptomatic NE (PMNE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. A hundred boys with PMNE and IHC were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (treated with HCT 1 mg/kg/day) and control and all patients were followed for 4 months for the number of wet-night episodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean numbers of wet-night episodes in the first (intervention: 8.34 ± 8.54, control: 9.1 ± 9.3, P = 0.3), second (7.1 ± 7.3, 7.9 ± 8.1, P = 0.4), third (7.8 ± 8, 7.9 ± 8.1, P = 0.1) and fourth (4.9 ± 5.1, 5.9 ± 6, P = 0.3) months were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the decrease in the average wet-night episodes during the 4 months of treatment in the intervention group (P = 0.019) unlike the control group. Not more significant compared to control group (P = 0.191). All patients who were treated by HCT became normocalciuric. However, in 21 patients the dose was increased to 2 mg/kg/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single daily dose of HCT is a safe and effective therapeutic option in the treatment of PMNE in children with IHC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Parsa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yousefichaijan
authors.affiliation: Department of Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharafkhah
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cyrus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohawmmad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafeie
keywords: Child; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypercalciuria; Nocturnal Enuresis