title: Different wound healing properties of dermis, adipose, and gingiva mesenchymal stromal cells.
abstract: Oral wounds heal faster and with better scar quality than skin wounds. Deep skin wounds where adipose tissue is exposed, have a greater risk of forming hypertrophic scars. Differences in wound healing and final scar quality might be related to differences in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their ability to respond to intrinsic (autocrine) and extrinsic signals, such as human salivary histatin, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta1. Dermis-, adipose-, and gingiva-derived MSC were compared for their regenerative potential with regards to proliferation, migration, and matrix contraction. Proliferation was assessed by cell counting and migration using a scratch wound assay. Matrix contraction and alpha smooth muscle actin was assessed in MSC populated collagen gels, and also in skin and gingival full thickness tissue engineered equivalents (reconstructed epithelium on MSC populated matrix). Compared to skin-derived MSC, gingiva MSC showed greater proliferation and migration capacity, and less matrix contraction in full thickness tissue equivalents, which may partly explain the superior oral wound healing. Epidermal keratinocytes were required for enhanced adipose MSC matrix contraction and alpha smooth muscle actin expression, and may therefore contribute to adverse scarring in deep cutaneous wounds. Histatin enhanced migration without influencing proliferation or matrix contraction in all three MSC, indicating that salivary peptides may have a beneficial effect on wound closure in general. Transforming growth factor beta1 enhanced contraction and alpha smooth muscle actin expression in all three MSC types when incorporated into collagen gels. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the superior oral wound healing will aid us to develop advanced strategies for optimal skin regeneration, wound healing and scar formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mireille A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Boink
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lenie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van den Broek
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nazmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bolscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gefen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Enno C I
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibbs
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D051522:Fibroblast Growth Factor 6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; C496452:FGF6 protein, human; D051522:Fibroblast Growth Factor 6
keywords: adipose tissue; dermis; mesenchymal stromal cells; oral mucosa; wound healing