title: Occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma - A monocentric study of 171 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fewer than 5% of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are presented in the maxilla. The absence of cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the main positive prognostic factors. This single-centre study analysed the cervical lymph node metastasis behaviour in patients with oral SCC of the upper jaw and serves as a basis for a cervical lymph node treatment suggestion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retrospective study includes 171 patients with isolated SCC of the maxilla. In addition to tumour resection, 83% of the patients underwent a selective neck dissection (ND). The data of cervical metastasis, TNM-status, tumour grade, tumour location as well as nicotine and alcohol behaviour were statistically analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average rate of cervical metastasis was 44% in total. Tumour stage significantly affected risk for cervical metastasis (T1 = 6%, T2 = 41%, T3 = 60% and T4 = 60%) (p < 0.01). Development of cervical LNM was seemingly influenced by male gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study postulates a high rate of cervical metastasis of maxillary SCC. Risk for metastasis is mainly determined by the tumour stage. Alcohol and nicotine abuse have a negative impact on cervical LNM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reviewing recent literature underlined by the illustrated data, we put up for discussion the treatment of SCC of the maxilla as similar to therapy protocols for SCC of the oral cavity. This would include an ipsilateral ND even in low tumour stage and in T4 staged tumours on both sides. However, prospective multicentre studies are needed to verify and recommend these therapy assumptions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD). Electronic address: moritz.berger@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Meinhard Kieser PhD).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saure
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ristow
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofele
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seeberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (Chair: Juergen Hoffmann MD, DDS, PhD).
authors.forename: Kolja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Freier
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cervical lymph node metastasis; Maxilla; Neck dissection; SCC