title: Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication in Renal Transplant Recipients From Follow-up Outpatient in China: Association of 2 Different Measurement Methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate the association between self-report measure and serum concentration fluctuation of immunosuppressive medication (IM) in renal transplant recipients in China and examine the relationship between post-transplantation time and IM adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal transplant recipients at least 3 months post transplantation were recruited from a follow-up outpatient clinic. Both self-reported Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and serum concentration of IM (cyclosporine trough level and tacrolimus trough level) were used to measure drug adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and nine patients were recruited in the study. The majority of the patients received grafts from deceased donors (70.3%), were male (63.2%), and were married (83.3%). The nonadherence to IM was 31.7%, as measured by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. A statistically significant association between self-reported adherence and serum concentration fluctuation of tacrolimus trough level was identified (P < 0.001), but not for cyclosporine (P = 0.997). Serum concentration fluctuation of tacrolimus trough levels and self-report adherence of IM were associated with transplantation time (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale appears valid in measuring drug adherence when compared with serum concentration fluctuation. Both self-report questionnaire and serum concentration fluctuation of tacrolimus changed with different post-transplantation time. These 2 measurements could be integrated into routine clinical practice for renal transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Nursing School of Central South University, Research Center of Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Adelphi University College of Nursing and Public Health, Garden City, New York.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Nursing School of Central South University, Research Center of Chinese Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: chortle_ls@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Nursing Teaching and Reaching Office, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Qifeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Nursing Teaching and Reaching Office, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: MMAS-4; Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; adherence; immunosuppressive medication; renal transplantation; serum concentration