title: Electrophysiological and psychophysical asymmetries in sensitivity to interaural correlation gaps and implications for binaural integration time.
abstract: Brief deviations of interaural correlation (IAC) can provide valuable cues for detection, segregation and localization of acoustic signals. This study investigated the processing of such "binaural gaps" in continuously running noise (100-2000 Hz), in comparison to silent "monaural gaps", by measuring late auditory evoked potentials (LAEPs) and perceptual thresholds with novel, iteratively optimized stimuli. Mean perceptual binaural gap duration thresholds exhibited a major asymmetry: they were substantially shorter for uncorrelated gaps in correlated and anticorrelated reference noise (1.75 ms and 4.1 ms) than for correlated and anticorrelated gaps in uncorrelated reference noise (26.5 ms and 39.0 ms). The thresholds also showed a minor asymmetry: they were shorter in the positive than in the negative IAC range. The mean behavioral threshold for monaural gaps was 5.5 ms. For all five gap types, the amplitude of LAEP components N1 and P2 increased linearly with the logarithm of gap duration. While perceptual and electrophysiological thresholds matched for monaural gaps, LAEP thresholds were about twice as long as perceptual thresholds for uncorrelated gaps, but half as long for correlated and anticorrelated gaps. Nevertheless, LAEP thresholds showed the same asymmetries as perceptual thresholds. For gap durations below 30 ms, LAEPs were dominated by the processing of the leading edge of a gap. For longer gap durations, in contrast, both the leading and the lagging edge of a gap contributed to the evoked response. Formulae for the equivalent rectangular duration (ERD) of the binaural system's temporal window were derived for three common window shapes. The psychophysical ERD was 68 ms for diotic and about 40 ms for anti- and uncorrelated noise. After a nonlinear Z-transform of the stimulus IAC prior to temporal integration, ERDs were about 10 ms for reference correlations of ±1 and 80 ms for uncorrelated reference. Hence, a physiologically motivated peripheral nonlinearity changed the rank order of ERDs across experimental conditions in a plausible manner.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Physik & Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address: h.lueddemann@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lüddemann
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Physik & Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address: birger.kollmeier@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Birger
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollmeier
authors.affiliation: Sektion Biomagnetismus, Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: helmut.riedel@uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riedel
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D003463:Cues; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D011930:Reaction Time; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological; D013017:Sound Localization; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Auditory scene analysis; Binaural gap; Binaural integration time; Binaural sluggishness; Equivalent rectangular duration; Gap detection; Late auditory evoked potentials; Major asymmetry; Minor asymmetry; Monaural gap