title: Laryngeal mask airway indications: new frontiers for second-generation supraglottic airways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because of the many advantages of supraglottic airways (SGA) compared to mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation, their areas of application are constantly expanding. The development of second-generation SGAs in particular has led to a widening of the indications for use thanks to the improved oropharyngeal leak pressure and the possibility of inserting a gastric tube. The identification of possible malpositions and any increased ventilation requirements using simple clinical tests must be given particular emphasis. The question of patient safety for expanded indications has to be evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review describes the evolution of these devices in detail with an analysis of the increased range of possible uses for prolonged application periods, minor laparoscopic procedures, obese patients, surgery in the prone position, and caesarean sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of second-generation SGA for expanded indications seems useful and safe, provided the contraindications are heeded, the placement and performance tests are successfully completed and there is adequate clinical expertise.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pain Therapy, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Red Cross Hospitals Berlin Westend and Mitte, Berlin, Germany bDepartment of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Spital Männedorf AG, Männedorf, Switzerland cDepartment of Anesthesiology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Timmermann
authors.forename: Urs Adrian
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Bergner
authors.forename: Sebastian Giuseppe
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks