title: Biotechnological aspects of ZnO nanoparticles: overview on synthesis and its applications.
abstract: The physicochemical methods of the synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some detailed studies on ZnO toxicity mechanism and biokinetics have been reported. However, some of these physical and chemical methods of synthesis are expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. Hence, eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles due to their easier process, cheaper availability, and high stability is dominating new research. In particular, ZnO NPs which are now being synthesized through major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts; this has increased studies in various applications in the biological field. In this review, we have elaborated on various natural source-mediated syntheses of ZnO NPs and their role in various biological activities like antimicrobial, anticandidal, larvicidal, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic activities. Apart from these applications, ZnO NPs are also reported to help to prevent dust formation, for several years, on oil paintings.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Products Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Gunabalan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madhumitha
authors.affiliation: Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Products Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elango
authors.affiliation: Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Products Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamilnadu, India. mohanaroopan.s@vit.ac.in.
authors.forename: Selvaraj Mohana
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Roopan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010151:Paintings; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Application studies; Biosynthesis; Historical preservations; Natural sources; ZnO NPs