title: [Composition of 359 kidney stones from the East region of Algeria].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine stones composition of the upper urinary tract in the eastern region of Algeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study focuses on a set of 359 stones of the upper urinary tract collected between January 2007 and December 2012 at hospitals in the eastern region of Algeria and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The male/female ratio was only 1.32. Calcium oxalate prevailed in 68.5% of stones and 49.3% of nuclei, mainly as whewellite (51.8% of stones and 37.9% of nuclei vs 16.7% and 11.4% respectively for weddellite). Carbapatite prevailed in 15% of stones and 29.8% of nuclei. The struvite, identified in 11.1% of calculi, prevailed in 3.9% of stones and 3.1% of nuclei. Among purines, uric acid prevailed with frequencies quite close to 8.9% and 7% respectively in the stone and in the nucleus while the ammonium urate prevailed in only 0.3% of stones and 3.3% of nuclei. The cystine frequency was 3.6% in both stone and nucleus. The frequency of stone with umbilication was 26.2%. Whewellite was the main component of umbilicated stones with Randall's plaque.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that stones of the urinary tract in the Algerian east region resemble those observed in industrialized countries. Some features such as stones location, the whewellite prevalence, the frequencies of main components in both the stone and the nucleus as well as the formation of stones on renal papilla confirm this trend.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Faculté des sciences, université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algérie.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouslama
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine, université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algérie; Unité de recherche sciences des matériaux et applications, université Mentouri, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boutefnouchet
authors.affiliation: Faculté des sciences, université Mentouri, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hannache
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine, université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algérie.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Djemil
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine, université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algérie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadi
authors.affiliation: EHS d'uro-néphrologie Daksi, 25000 Constantine, Algérie.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahdouh
authors.affiliation: Faculté des sciences, université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algérie.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.affiliation: Service des explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France. Electronic address: michel.daudon@tnn.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daudon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000462:Algeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000032:analysis; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D000069877:Struvite; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001031:Apatites; D006490:Hemostatics; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; C016189:whewellite; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; C030782:carboapatite; C016188:weddellite; D000069877:Struvite
keywords: Calcium oxalate; Calculs urinaires; Epidemiology; Infrared spectroscopy; Oxalates de calcium; Plaques de Randall; Purines; Randall's plaques; Spectrophotométrie infrarouge; Urinary calculi; Épidémiologie