title: Pilot Study to Evaluate Compliance and Tolerability of Cranberry Capsules in Pregnancy for the Prevention of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the compliance with and tolerability of daily cranberry capsule ingestion for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) prevention in pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 49 pregnant women from two sites were randomly assigned to cranberry or matching placebo, two doses daily, at gestational ages less than 16 weeks. Patients were followed monthly for urinary tract infection until delivery. Up to seven monthly visits were scheduled for each patient. Delivery data were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 38 evaluable patients, the mean compliance rate over the study period was 82% (range, 20%-100%). This compliance rate and the 74% of patients achieving good (≥75%) compliance were similar between those who received cranberry capsules and placebo. Compliance evaluation revealed that most patients stopped capsule consumption after 34-38 weeks of participation. Multivariate logistic regression and longitudinal analysis showed a significant interaction time effect with cranberry treatment. However, cranberry consumption was not a significant predictor of gastrointestinal intolerance or study withdrawal. Although 30% of patients withdrew for various reasons, only 1 withdrew because of intolerance to the cranberry capsules. Loss to follow-up was mostly due to provider change (9 of 49 [18%]) and therapy disinterest (4 of 49 [8%]). Seven cases of ASB occurred in 5 patients: 2 of 24 (8%) in the cranberry group and 3 of 25 (12%) in the placebo group. No cases of cystitis or pyelonephritis were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One third of pregnant women could not complete the study protocol for various reasons. Compliance with and tolerability of cranberry capsule ingestion appear good; these capsules provide a potentially effective means to prevent ASB in pregnancy. Further studies with large samples are necessary to confirm the findings.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of California , Irvine, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of California , Irvine, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rumney
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of California , Irvine, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Sasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hindra
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of California , Irvine, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Lizette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.affiliation: 2 Miller Children's and Women's Hospital , Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.|3 Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: 2 Miller Children's and Women's Hospital , Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nageotte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts