title: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present interdisciplinary consensus review proposes clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthetic practice in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were selected with particular attention being paid to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies. For each item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English-language literature was examined and reviewed. The group reached a consensus recommendation after critical appraisal of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This consensus statement demonstrates that anaesthesiologists control several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative ERAS elements. Further research is needed to verify the strength of these recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the evidence available for each element of perioperative care pathways, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society presents a comprehensive consensus review, clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthesia care in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery within an ERAS programme. This unified protocol facilitates involvement of anaesthesiologists in the implementation of the ERAS programmes and allows for comparison between centres and it eventually might facilitate the design of multi-institutional prospective and adequately powered randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus Charité, Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum Charité, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feldheiser
authors.affiliation: St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baldini
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Maastricht (azM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B P B W
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, The Royal Infirmary, Clinical Surgery, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: K C H
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: St. Mark's Hospital/Imperial College, Harrow, Middlesex/London, UK.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ljungqvist
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus Charité, Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum Charité, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.affiliation: Anestesiologa y Reanimacin, Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruiz Garces
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schricker
authors.affiliation: Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ytrebø
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carli
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology; D000758:Anesthesia; D032921:Consensus; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D020127:Recovery of Function