title: Producing desired ice faces.
abstract: The ability to prepare single-crystal faces has become central to developing and testing models for chemistry at interfaces, spectacularly demonstrated by heterogeneous catalysis and nanoscience. This ability has been hampered for hexagonal ice, Ih--a fundamental hydrogen-bonded surface--due to two characteristics of ice: ice does not readily cleave along a crystal lattice plane and properties of ice grown on a substrate can differ significantly from those of neat ice. This work describes laboratory-based methods both to determine the Ih crystal lattice orientation relative to a surface and to use that orientation to prepare any desired face. The work builds on previous results attaining nearly 100% yield of high-quality, single-crystal boules. With these methods, researchers can prepare authentic, single-crystal ice surfaces for numerous studies including uptake measurements, surface reactivity, and catalytic activity of this ubiquitous, fundamental solid.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 mary.shultz@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brumberg
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-3077
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bisson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Chemistry Department, Pearson Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shultz
keywords: atmospheric chemistry; crystal faces; crystal lattice; ice; ice surface