title: Protein expression in the brain of rat offspring in relation to prenatal caloric restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been associated with decreased supply of crucial substrates to the fetus and affects its growth and development by temporarily or permanently modifying gene expression and function. However, not all neonates born by calorie restricted mothers are IUGR and there are no reports regarding their brain protein expression vis-à-vis that of their IUGR siblings. Here, we investigated the expression of key proteins that regulate growth and development of the brain in non-IUGR newborn pups versus IUGR siblings and control pups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat brain proteins were isolated from each group upon delivery and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  14-3-3 Protein, calreticulin, elongation factor, alpha-enolase, fascin, heat-shock protein HSP90 and pyruvate kinase isozymes were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in samples obtained from IUGR newborn pups compared to non-IUGR. Conversely, collapsin response mediator proteins, heat-shock70 and peroxiredoxin2 were decreased in IUGR group compared to non-IUGR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experimental study, IUGR pups showed an altered proteomic profile compared to their non-IUGR siblings and non-IUGR controls. Thus, not all offspring of calorie-restricted mothers become IUGR with the accompanying alterations in the expression of proteins. The differentially expressed proteins could modulate alterations in the energy balance, plasticity and maturation of the brain.
authors.affiliation: a First Department of Pediatrics and.|b Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School , University of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Eftychia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aravidou
authors.affiliation: a First Department of Pediatrics and.|c Embryocare, Fetal Medicine Unit , Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Makarios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eleftheriades
authors.affiliation: d Division of Neonatology , Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital , Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Ariadne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malamitsi-Puchner
authors.affiliation: e Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Athanassios K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.affiliation: b Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School , University of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aravantinos
authors.affiliation: f Laboratory For Research of the Musculoskeletal System , School of Medicine, University of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Ismene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dontas
authors.affiliation: g Cytogenetics Unit of Critical Care Department, Medical School, University of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aravidis
authors.affiliation: b Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School , University of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Creatsas
authors.affiliation: e Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Greece .
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsangaris
authors.affiliation: a First Department of Pediatrics and.|h Clinical Research Centre, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000032:analysis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins
keywords: Animal model; IUGR; brain development; proteomics