title: Historical inability to control Aedes aegypti as a main contributor of fast dispersal of chikungunya outbreaks in Latin America.
abstract: The arrival of chikungunya fever (CHIKF) in Latin American countries has been expected to trigger epidemics and challenge health systems. Historically considered as dengue-endemic countries, abundant Aedes aegypti populations make this region highly vulnerable to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) circulation. This review describes the current dengue and CHIKF epidemiological situations, as well as the role of uncontrolled Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus vectors in spreading the emerging CHIKV. Comments are included relating to the vector competence of both species and failures of surveillance and vector control measures. Dengue endemicity is a reflection of these abundant and persistent Aedes populations that are now spreading CHIKV in the Americas. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Chikungunya discovers the New World."
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Carlos Canseco s/n, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ave Universidad, Pedro de Alba s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, 66450, Mexico. Electronic address: ildefonso.fernandez@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Ildefonso
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández-Salas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danis-Lozano
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casas-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: J Guillermo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Marina
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ordóñez
authors.affiliation: Cátedra CONACYT/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elizondo-Quiroga
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, 4ª. Avenida Norte esq., 19ª. Calle Poniente s/n, Colonia Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Torres-Monzón
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Carlos Canseco s/n, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ave Universidad, Pedro de Alba s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, 66450, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esteban E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Díaz-González
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D002646:Chikungunya virus; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Arbovirus; Chikungunya; Dengue