title: Chloroquine inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Recently, chloroquine (CQ) has been widely used to improve the efficacy of different chemotherapy drugs to treat tumors. However, the effects of single treatment of CQ on liver cancer have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effects of CQ on the growth and viability of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and revealed that CQ treatment triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced DNA damage and apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in liver cancer cells. Moreover, administration of CQ to tumor-bearing mice suppressed the tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model of liver cancer. These findings extend our understanding and suggest that CQ could be repositioned as a treatment option for liver cancer as a single treatment or in combination.
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jingyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunyao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ziming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002738:Chloroquine