title: Recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting stereotypic manifestations, positive antiganglioside antibodies, and rapid recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome (rGBS) has been described as a rare entity with distinct characteristics. However, little is known about rGBS in Asian group. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and clinical course of rGBS, and to determine its clinical/pathophysiological implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The consecutive data of 117 GBS patients were retrieved from a single university-based hospital in Korea and analyzed in terms of clinical, serological, electrophysiological aspects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A thorough review revealed that three (2.6%) of the enrolled patients had experienced more than two definite recurrent attacks of GBS. Interestingly, all three cases exhibited clinically stereotypical features, serum antiganglioside antibodies, and rapid recovery after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Clinical, serological, and electrophysiological features of rGBS cases were described in detail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stereotypic presentation of each attack in this variant suggests the importance of both host and genetic factors for the clinical manifestations. In addition, the simultaneous presence of serum antiganglioside antibodies and rapid recovery implicate reversible nerve conduction failure as the mechanism of rGBS. These features are different from typical monophasic GBS and acute onset of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pyun
authors.affiliation: Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Kangdong Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: lwsbae@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jong Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D012008:Recurrence; D056910:Republic of Korea; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005732:Gangliosides; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: Antiganglioside antibody; Guillain–Barré syndrome; Rapid recovery; Recurrent