title: Nonclinical Tools to Assess Risk of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions.
abstract: The term drug hypersensitivity refers to a category of adverse drug reactions mediated by various immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms. Small-molecule drugs and biotherapeutics have been associated with drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs), and the mechanisms driving the responses vary. Depending on the mechanism, some DHRs may be detected in nonclinical toxicology studies, and there may be tools and models in place that can be used as part of a risk assessment strategy. In contrast, for other mechanisms, particularly those that are not readily detected during nonclinical development, predictive tools and strategies for risk assessment are not well defined. This chapter provides an overview of the nonclinical tools currently available to assess the risk for developing DHRs.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340; email: jessica.duffy-whritenour@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whritenour
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340; email: jessica.duffy-whritenour@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casinghino
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340; email: jessica.duffy-whritenour@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collinge
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340; email: jessica.duffy-whritenour@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D054852:Small Molecule Libraries
keywords: allergic reactions; complement activation; cytokine release; predictive tools; pseudoallergy