title: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Reduces Synovial Inflammation and Pain in Experimental Osteoarthritis.
abstract: The chronicity of osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by pain and inflammation in the joints, is linked to a glutamate receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The use of plant species such as Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) as NMDA antagonists offers a promising perspective. This work aims to analyze the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory responses of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (HCE) of C. ambrosioides leaves in an experimental OA model. Wistar rats were separated into six groups (n = 24): clean (C), negative control (CTL-), positive control (CTL+), HCE0.5, HCE5 and HCE50. The first group received no intervention. The other groups received an intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) (8 mg/kg) on day 0. After six hours, they were orally treated with saline, Maxicam plus (meloxicam + chondroitin sulfate) and HCE at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. After three, seven and ten days, clinical evaluations were performed (knee diameter, mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia and motor activity). On the tenth day, after euthanasia, synovial fluid and draining lymph node were collected for cellular quantification, and cartilage was collected for histopathological analysis. Finally, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the compatibility of ascaridole, a monoterpene found in HCE, with the NMDA receptor. After the third day, HCE reduced knee edema. HCE5 showed less cellular infiltrate in the cartilage and synovium and lower intensities of allodynia from the third day and of hyperalgesia from the seventh day up to the last treatment day. The HCE5 and HCE50 groups improved in forced walking. In relation to molecular docking, ascaridole showed NMDA receptor binding affinity. C. ambrosioides HCE was effective in the treatment of OA because it reduced synovial inflammation and behavioral changes due to pain. This effect may be related to the antagonistic effect of ascaridole on the NMDA receptor.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Calado
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Jorge O
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livio M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Costa Junior
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Graduate Program, Quantum Chemistry Computational Group, Department of Chemistry, State University of Piauí - 64002-150, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco das Chagas A
authors.initials: Fd
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucilene A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanderson S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia M M do
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Batista S
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Socorro de S
authors.initials: Mdo S
authors.lastname: Cartágenes
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, Biologic and Health Sciences Center, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís, MA, CEP:65085-580, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia R F
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D027464:Chenopodium ambrosioides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010545:Peroxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C043372:ascaridole