title: The distribution of positive work and power generation amongst the lower-limb joints during walking normalises following recovery from traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether better walking performance following recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) is attributable to an accentuation of compensatory strategies or an improvement in the way positive work is done and power is generated by the lower-limb joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large metropolitan rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five ambulant people with extremely-severe TBI who were attending physiotherapy for mobility limitations, and a comparative sample of 25 healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study with six month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Positive work done and average power (i.e. over time) generation by the hip, knee and ankle during stance as well as self-selected gait velocity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to HCs, TBI participants walked at baseline with a significantly (p<.01) reduced contribution from the ankle to total lower-limb average power generation (and positive work done) during stance, and a significantly (p=.03) greater contribution from the hip. However, this compensatory strategy resolved over time such that at six month follow-up no significant differences in the relative contributions from the ankle and hip were identified for the TBI participants when compared to HCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better walking performance following recovery from TBI is attributable to an improvement in the way positive work is done and power is generated by the lower-limb joints rather than an accentuation of compensatory strategies.
authors.affiliation: Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: gavin.williams@epworth.org.au.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schache
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Brain injuries; Inverse dynamics; Mobility limitation; Quantitative gait analysis