title: Differential effect of caffeine intake in subjects with genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: We examined if caffeine intake has a differential effect in subjects with high and low genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder. A case control study involving 812 subjects consisting of PD and healthy controls were conducted. Caffeine intake assessed by a validated questionnaire and genotyping of PD gene risk variant (LRRK2 R1628P) was carried out. Compared to caffeine takers with the wild-type genotype (low genetic susceptibility), non-caffeine takers with R1628P variant (high genetic susceptibility) had a 15 times increased risk of developing PD (OR = 15.4, 95% CI = (1.94, 122), P = 0.01), whereas caffeine takers with R1628P (intermediate susceptibility) had a 3 times risk (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = (2.02, 4.66), P < 0.001). Caffeine intake would significantly reduce the risk of PD much more in those with high genetic susceptibility compared to those with low genetic susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.|Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: Prakash M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.|Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: Swe Swe Thet
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Paing
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
authors.forename: HuiHua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.|Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pavanni
authors.affiliation: Health Screening Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.|Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: Eng King
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004326:Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine