title: Impact of fellowship training on robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: benchmarking perioperative safety and outcomes.
abstract: To provide perioperative benchmark data for surgeons entering practice from formal robotic training and performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Perioperative outcomes of the first 100 RAPN from a surgeon entering into practice directly from robotic fellowship training were analyzed. Postoperative complications were categorized by Clavien-Dindo grade. Surgical "trifecta scores" and Margin, Ischemia, and Complication (MIC) scoring were utilized to assess surgical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS (version 9.2; SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Median age of the cohort was 63 years (22-81 years), and 34 (34.3%) patients were over age 65. Forty-one (41.4%) patients had a BMI > 30. Thirteen (13.1%) had RENAL 10-12 tumors, 22 of which (22.2%) were >4 cm in size. Median warm ischemia time was 17 min, and 13 patients had resection without warm ischemia. Five patients were converted to open partial nephrectomy, and 1 patient was converted to laparoscopic nephrectomy. Twenty-one patients (21.2%) experienced a complication, 6 of whom had a major (Clavien grade 3 or higher) complication with one grade 5 complication. Operating room time decreased with experience, but surgical complications and hospital stay did not change with experience. MIC score of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients was 74.7%, while the surgical trifecta was reached in 71.3 % of RCC patients. Surgeons may enter practice directly from formal robotic training and perform RAPN with perioperative outcomes, surgical complications, surgical trifecta scores, and MIC scoring in line with those the most experienced robotic partial nephrectomists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Section of Biostatistics at Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Abby S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Mayo School of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Section of Biostatistics at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Bhupendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Section of Biostatistics at Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA. Thiel.David@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Thiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019985:Benchmarking; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Partial nephrectomy; Renal cell carcinoma; Renal surgery; Robotic surgery