title: Increased expression and dysregulated association of restriction factors and type I interferon in HIV, HCV mono- and co-infected patients.
abstract: Host restriction factors and type I interferon are important in limiting HIV and HCV infections, yet the role of HIV, HCV mono- and co-infection in regulating these antiviral genes expression is not clear. In this study, we measured the levels of TRIM5α, TRIM22, APOBEC3G, and IFN-α, -β mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 43 HIV mono-infected, 70 HCV mono-infected and 64 HIV/HCV co-infected patients along with 98 healthy controls. We also quantified HIV and HCV viral loads in mono- and co-infected patients. The results showed that HCV, HIV mono- and co-infection differentially increased TRIM22, APOBEC3G, and IFN-α, -β mRNA expression while the mRNA expression of TRIMα was upregulated only by HCV-mono infection. HIV/HCV co-infection was associated with higher viral load, compared to either HIV or HCV mono-infection. Additionally, we showed TRIMα and TRIM22 positively correlated with IFN-α, -β, which could be dysregulated by HIV, HCV mono- and co-infection. Furthermore, we found TRIM22 negatively correlated with HCV viral load in mono-infected patients and APOBEC3G positively correlated with HCV viral load in co-infected patients. Collectively, our findings suggest the potential role of restriction factors in restricting HIV, HCV mono- and co-infection in vivo, which appears to be a therapeutic target for potential drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.|Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Wu
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Liang
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.|Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: De-Yao
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.|Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D060085:Coinfection / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055808:Drug Discovery; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005838:Genotype; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C554156:IFNA1 protein, human; D007370:Interferon Type I; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C094314:TRIM22 protein, human; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C477346:TRIM5 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human
keywords: HCV; HIV; co-infection; restriction factors; type I interferon