title: NORMATIVE VALUES OF EQ-5D-5L FOR DIABETES PATIENTS FROM SPAIN.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  diabetes is a metabolic disease that can lead a reduction in health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D is a generic preference-based health-related quality of life questionnaire widely used in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  the aim of the current manuscript is to provide normative values of EQ-5D-5L for Spanish people suffering from diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  data from the Spanish Health Survey (2011/2012) was utilized. A total of 1 857 people suffering from diabetes participated in the survey. EQ-5D-5L scores were defined by sex, region (including the 17 Autonomous regions and 2 Autonomous cities of Spain), and 8 age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mean EQ-5D-5L utility index for the whole sample was 0.742. It was better for men (0.826) than for women (0.673). Similar results were observed in the VAS. The ceiling effect was much higher for men (44.83%) than for women (24.41%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the current study provides EQ-5D-5L normative and representative data for Spanish people suffering from diabetes.
authors.affiliation: University of Extremadura, Spain.. dcolladom@unex.es.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collado Mateo
authors.affiliation: University of Extremadura, Spain. University of Murcia, Spain.. miguelgarciagordillo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García Gordillo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Actividad Física y Salud. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.. olivares.pedro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pedro R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.affiliation: University of Extremadura, Spain.. carmelo.adsuar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Adsuar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult