title: Iron Absorption from Two Milk Formulas Fortified with Iron Sulfate Stabilized with Maltodextrin and Citric Acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fortification of milk formulas with iron is a strategy widely used, but the absorption of non-heme iron is low. The purpose of this study was to measure the bioavailability of two iron fortified milk formulas designed to cover toddlers´ nutritional needs. These milks were fortified with iron sulfate stabilized with maltodextrin and citric acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 women (33-47 years old) participated in study. They received on different days, after an overnight fast, 200 mL of Formula A; 200 mL of Formula B; 30 mL of a solution of iron and ascorbic acid as reference dose and 200 mL of full fat cow's milk fortified with iron as ferrous sulfate. Milk formulas and reference dose were labeled with radioisotopes (59)Fe or (55)Fe, and the absorption of iron measured by erythrocyte incorporation of radioactive Fe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean iron absorption corrected to 40% of the reference dose was 20.6% for Formula A and 20.7% for Formula B, versus 7.5% of iron fortified cow's milk (p < 0.001). The post hoc Sheffé indeed differences between the milk formulas and the cow's milk (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Formulas A and B contain highly bioavailable iron, which contributes to covering toddlers´ requirements of this micronutrient.
authors.affiliation: Micronutrients Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avda, El Líbano 5524, 6903625 Santiago, Chile. fpizarro@inta.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizarro
authors.affiliation: Micronutrients Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avda, El Líbano 5524, 6903625 Santiago, Chile. molivare@inta.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.affiliation: Kasdorf S.A. Av. Panamericana y Gral. Savio (1619) Garín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. eugemaciero@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maciero
authors.affiliation: Kasdorf S.A. Av. Panamericana y Gral. Savio (1619) Garín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. gustavo.krasnoff@danone.com.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krasnoff
authors.affiliation: Kasdorf S.A. Av. Panamericana y Gral. Savio (1619) Garín, Buenos Aires, Argentina. nicolas.cocaro@danone.com.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cócaro
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética-Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. diego.gaitan@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaitan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019343:Citric Acid; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007503:Iron Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D007503:Iron Isotopes; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014131:Trace Elements; D019343:Citric Acid; C020748:ferrous sulfate; C008315:maltodextrin; D007501:Iron
keywords: iron bioavailability; iron fortification; milk formula; toddlers