title: [Prevalence of non-vaccinable high risk genotypes of human papillomavirus in the Early Detection of Cervical Cancer Program in Cantabria].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of infection with non-vaccinable high risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven randomly selected health centres in Cantabria (Northern Spain).
  
  
  METHODS
  All women with an evaluable vaginal smear (n=3,359) between 2010 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  The variables collected were cytological diagnosis, PCR results, and family planning method. The vaginal smear results were classified with the Bethesda system. The classification by Muñoz et al. was used for typing as oncogenic risk HPV. Proportions and odds ratio (OR) were estimated with corresponding confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HPV infection was 2.71% (95% CI: 2.15 to 3.27). The prevalence of high oncogenic risk HPV genotypes was 2.26%; (95% CI: 1.75 to 2.78). The most frequent genotype was 16 (28.89%). More than half of the women were positive for one of the non-vaccinable high risk genotypes: 51 (18.89%) and 58 (13.33%) and 68 (12.22%) or 31 (11.11%). At least two non-vaccinable high-risk genotypes co-existed in 23.33% of women. Younger women (≤30 years) had twice the risk of any HPV infection: OR 2.01 (95% CI: 1.02 to 3.96); and were twice as likely to use condoms compared to hormonal contraceptives, OR 2.09 (95% CI: 1.64 to 2.67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the high percentage of non-vaccinable high oncogenic risk HPV types, there should be a re-think of the prevention strategy in the population, who may have a false sense of protection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, España. Electronic address: maria.paz@unican.es.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paz-Zulueta
authors.affiliation: Área de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, España.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Feito
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amparán Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Asunción
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azofra Olave
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Martín Seco
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojugas Zabala
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otero García
authors.affiliation: Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Royano Rasines
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarabia-Lavín
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torres Manrique
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Cantabria, España.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santibáñez Margüello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013030:Spain; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Detección precoz del cáncer; Early detection of cancer; Frotis vaginal.; Infecciones por papilomavirus; Neoplasias del cuello uterino; Papillomavirus infections; Papillomavirus vaccines; Uterine cervical neoplasms; Vacunas contra papilomavirus; Vaginal smears.