title: Occurrence of Norovirus GIV in Environmental Water Samples from Belém City, Amazon Region, Brazil.
abstract: Noroviruses are the major cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans, with few reports about the occurrence of the norovirus GIV strain. We investigated the presence of norovirus GIV in surface water (river, bay, and stream) and untreated sewage, and we determined a positivity rate of 9.4% (9/96). The strains genotyped were GIV.1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GIV in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para State, Belém, Pará, Brazil. dielleteixeira@iec.pa.gov.br.|Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. dielleteixeira@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Dielle Monteiro
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. julianamhernandez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliana Merces
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. lucianasilva@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Luciana Damascena
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. darleiseoliveira@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Darleise de Souza
authors.initials: Dde S
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Katharine de Pontes
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.affiliation: Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. terezabio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tereza Cristina Monteiro
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Gurjão
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. joanamascarenhas@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Joana D'Arc Pereira
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. alexandrelinhares@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Alexandre Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.affiliation: Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. lenasa@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Lena Líllian Canto de Sá
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rodovia Br-316, Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil. yvonegabbay@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Yvone Benchimol
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Gabbay
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D045483:Rivers / Q000821:virology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage
keywords: Environment; Genogroup GIV; Norovirus; Northern Brazil