title: A miniature closed-circle flow cell for high photon flux X-ray scattering experiments.
abstract: A closed-circle miniature flow cell for high X-ray photon flux experiments on radiation-sensitive liquid samples is presented. The compact cell is made from highly inert material and the flow is induced by a rotating magnetic stir bar, which acts as a centrifugal pump inside the cell. The cell is ideal for radiation-sensitive yet precious or hazardous liquid samples, such as concentrated acids or bases. As a demonstration of the cell's capabilities, X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy data on the oxygen K-edge of liquid water under ambient conditions are presented.
authors.affiliation: ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Ch J
authors.initials: ChJ
authors.lastname: Sahle
authors.affiliation: ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henriquet
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schroer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juurinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.affiliation: ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krisch
keywords: inelastic X-ray scattering; liquids; radiation damage; sample environments