title: Evaluation of the vertical accuracy of bracket placement with the Boone gauge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of clinical experience and the type of tooth (incisors, canines, and premolars) on the vertical accuracy of bracket placement with the Boone gauge.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this analysis, 4 groups were defined. Group 1 was composed of undergraduate students from the dental school with no previous experience in bonding orthodontic attachments; group 2 was composed of graduate students in the dental school; group 3 consisted of orthodontists with a maximum of 5 years of clinical experience; and group 4 comprised orthodontists with more than 5 years of clinical experience. Each group included 6 participants. A typodont was simulated with a Class I crowded malocclusion that reproduced the same occlusal characteristics for all groups to be bonded. All participants were instructed to bond 0.022 × 0.028-in edgewise brackets on the labial surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars at a height of 4 mm from the incisal edge or the labial cusp tip. After each bonding procedure, all teeth were photographed after being removed from the typodont and positioned in a stabilizing device adapted to a camera stand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analyses of the variations showed that group 1 had the closest mean to 4 mm. However, this group also showed the greatest variance (0.433) (P <0.001). The smallest variations were observed in group 2 (variance, 0.093), followed by group 4 (variance, 0.094). The comparison of the means obtained in the groups of teeth at 4 mm demonstrated that the incisors showed a statistically significant difference (P <0.001), whereas canines (P = 0.133) and premolars (P = 0.913) did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operators are prone to fail in the placement of orthodontic attachments with the Boone gauge, despite their clinical experience in orthodontics. In the comparison of the groups of teeth, the incisors showed a statistically significant difference in relation to the height suggested for bracket placement with the Boone gauge.
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio Luiz
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mota Júnior
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate student, Department of Architecture, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Andrade Vitral
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina Abrantes
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schmitberger
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Bessa
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica Cristina
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Avelar
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: drmarciocampos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcio José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: da Silva Campos
authors.affiliation: Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robert Willer Farinazzo
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Vitral
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004499:Education, Dental, Graduate; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009811:Odontometry / Q000379:methods; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000193:education; D000066792:Orthodontists; D023861:Photography, Dental; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013335:Students, Dental
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT