title: Traumatic brain injury advancements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Over the last decade, several advancements have been made in the field of TBI all aimed at improving outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advancements in the management of TBI have been made possible through improved understanding of basic pathophysiology associated with this condition. The aim of this review is to briefly highlight the underlying pathophysiology of TBI and the most recent advancements and novel strategies being used in its treatment. We also briefly discuss coagulopathy of TBI, clinical management of TBI and how it has evolved recently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality associated with TBI continues to remain high and several novel strategies have emerged as potential candidates for the treatment of secondary brain injury. The clinical management of TBI and associated coagulopathy has evolved allowing for a more tailored approach toward its management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Bellal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Ansab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic