title: The History of Target-Controlled Infusion.
abstract: Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is a technique of infusing IV drugs to achieve a user-defined predicted ("target") drug concentration in a specific body compartment or tissue of interest. In this review, we describe the pharmacokinetic principles of TCI, the development of TCI systems, and technical and regulatory issues addressed in prototype development. We also describe the launch of the current clinically available systems.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; †Department of Anesthesia, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; ‡Demed, Temse, Belgium; §GlenPharma, Knutsford, Cheshire, United Kingdom; and ‖Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Rescue and Pain Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michel M R F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Struys
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.forename: John Iain B
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Glen
authors.forename: Hugo E M
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Vereecke
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Absalom
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Schnider
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000266:history* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000266:history; D004867:Equipment Design; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000266:history* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008954:Models, Biological; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000266:history; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives