title: Classic tumor markers in gastric cancer. Current standards and limitations.
abstract: The progress made in the last few years made available a large amount of information that needs to be integrated and ordered by oncologists. Tumor markers are one of the pieces that physicians need to fit into the bigger puzzle. This article will detail the most frequent etiologies for the surges in the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer-related antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4), cancer-related antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) serum levels and their indications. Although tumor markers are an invaluable asset to medical practice, their role in screening, diagnosis and oncologic treatment remains poorly standardized. Ongoing or future clinical trials will shed light on pending problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Oncology, I. Chiricută Oncologic Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Călin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Căinap
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Oncology, I. Chiricută Oncologic Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Viorica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, I. Chiricută Oncologic Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gherman
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Sanziana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetean
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, I. Chiricută Oncologic Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laszlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Constantin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; 2nd Pediatric Clinic Department, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Căinap
keywords: CA 19-9; CA 72-4; CEA; gastric cancer; tumor markers