title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal growth patterns in osteogenesis imperfecta: implications for clinical care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is strikingly limited information on linear growth and weight in the different types of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Here, we define growth patterns further with the intent of implementing appropriate adaptations proactively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report cross-sectional anthropometric data for 343 subjects with different OI types (144 children, 199 adults). Longitudinal height data for 36 children (18 girls, 18 boys) with OI type I and 10 children (8 girls, 2 boys) with OI type III were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, the height Z-scores were negatively impacted, and final height Z-scores were impacted the most. In type I, the growth velocities taper near puberty, and there is a blunted pubertal growth spurt. The growth velocities of children with type III decelerate before age 5 y; poor growth continues without an obvious pubertal growth spurt. Obesity is a concern for all patients with OI, with type III patients being the most affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The linear growth patterns, in addition to the marked increase in weight over time, indicate a need for lifestyle modifications early in childhood, especially a need for weight control. Further definition of the anthropometric measures in OI enables patients to begin modifications as early as possible.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.|Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Germain-Lee
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Feng-Shu
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Brennen
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kantipuly
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melvin
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Mia S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Terkowitz
authors.affiliation: Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta Department, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002138:Calibration; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010013:Osteogenesis Imperfecta / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011627:Puberty; D055815:Young Adult