title: Biochar, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes have different effects on fate of (14)C-catechol and microbial community in soil.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of biochar, activated carbon (AC)-, and single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) in various concentrations (0, 0.2, 20, and 2,000 mg/kg dry soil) on the fate of (14)C-catechol and microbial community in soil. The results showed that biochar had no effect on the mineralization of (14)C-catechol, whereas AC at all amendment rates and SWCNTs at 2,000 mg/kg significantly reduced mineralization. Particularly, MWCNTs at 0.2 mg/kg significantly stimulated mineralization compared with the control soil. The inhibitory effects of AC and SWCNTs on the mineralization were attributed to the inhibited soil microbial activities and the shifts in microbial communities, as suggested by the reduced microbial biomass C and the separated phylogenetic distance. In contrast, the stimulatory effects of MWCNTs on the mineralization were attributed to the selective stimulation of specific catechol-degraders by MWCNTs at 0.2 mg/kg. Only MWCNTs amendments and AC at 2,000 mg/kg significantly changed the distribution of (14)C residues within the fractions of humic substances. Our findings suggest biochar, AC, SWCNTs and MWCNTs have different effects on the fate of (14)C-catechol and microbial community in soil.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.|Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changshu 215555, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Zubin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.|Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changshu 215555, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002396:Catechols; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006812:Humic Substances; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; C034221:catechol