title: Regulatory T cells in the immunotherapy of melanoma.
abstract: Patients with melanoma are supposed to develop spontaneous immune responses against specific tumor antigens. However, several mechanisms contribute to the failure of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses, inducing immune escape. Importantly, immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor lesions is a dominant mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Based on this information, several therapies targeting Tregs such as cyclophosphamide, IL-2-based therapies, and antibodies against the surface molecular of Tregs have been developed. However, only some of these strategies showed clinical efficacy in patients with melanoma in spite of their success in shifting immune systems to antitumor responses in animal models. In the future, strategies specifically depleting local Tregs, inhibiting Treg migration to the tumor lesion, and Treg depletion in combination with other chemotherapies or immune modulation will hopefully bring benefits to melanoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengxiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, People's Republic of China. ouyangzhengxiao@hnszlyy.com.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Immunotherapy; Melanoma; Regulatory T cells