title: Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion with Ranibizumab in Clinical Practice: Longer-Term Results and Predictive Factors of Functional Outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term results and predictors of efficacy in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab in a clinical practice setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical records of patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 years were retrospectively analyzed. Sixteen eyes with branch RVO (BRVO) and 16 with central RVO (CRVO) were included. All patients performed cross-sectional evaluation with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was assessed and microstructural morphology of the retina was characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow- up was 42.9 ± 9.0 and 44.8 ± 8.0 months in the CRVO and BRVO groups, respectively. Patients with CRVO received on average 6.9 injections, with a final VA gain of 8.3 ± 15.0 letters (p = 0.05). BRVO eyes had on average 5.9 injections, with a final VA gain of 1.6 ± 21.0 letters (p > 0.05). The FAZ area remained stable in both groups (p > 0.05). Baseline BCVA and disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were predictors of final BCVA (p = 0.001 and 0.011, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although functional outcomes were inferior to those reported in clinical trials, ranibizumab was satisfactory in the long-term treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO and was not associated with increased macular ischemia. Final BCVA depends on baseline BCVA and RPE integrity.
authors.affiliation: Medical Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitx00E1;rio de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farinha
authors.forename: João Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Alda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baltar
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cachulo
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Rufino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab