title: Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of calcium phosphate and fluoride containing varnishes to inhibit enamel demineralization.
  
  
  
  Six varnishes were selected for analysis: (1) Enamel Pro containing amorphous calcium phosphate; (2) Clinpro White containing functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP); (3) MI Varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP); (4) Duraphat (first no added calcium control); (5) Profluorid (second no added calcium control); and (6) placebo (no added calcium or fluoride control). Human enamel slabs (36) were each cut into half-slabs and covered with one of the six dental varnishes to create a window. The half-slabs were then individually immersed in a polyacrylate demineralization buffer pH 4.8 for four days at 37 °C with a change of solution each day. Mineral content was determined using transverse microradiography.
  
  
  
  All fluoride-containing varnishes significantly inhibited enamel demineralization when compared with the placebo varnish. However, out of the calcium phosphate and fluoride containing varnishes only MI Varnish, containing fluoride and CPP-ACP was superior to the fluoride-alone varnishes. MI Varnish also released the highest levels of calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions.
  
  
  
  MI Varnish containing fluoride and CPP-ACP was superior to the other varnishes in protecting against enamel demineralization.
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research Center, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008852:Microradiography; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002364:Caseins; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: CPP-ACP; Calcium phosphate; enamel demineralization; fTCP; fluoride varnish