title: Torque Analysis of a Triple Acid-Etched Titanium Implant Surface.
abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the removal torque of titanium implants treated with triple acid etching. Twenty-one rats were used in this study. For all animals, the tibia was prepared with a 2 mm drill, and a titanium implant (2 × 4 mm) was inserted after treatment using the subtraction method of triple acid etching. The flaps were sutured. Seven animals were killed 14, 28, and 63 days after implant installation, and the load necessary for removing the implant from the bone was evaluated by using a torque meter. The torque values were as follows: 3.3 ± 1.7 Ncm (14 days), 2.2 ± 1.3 Ncm (28 days), and 6.7 ± 1.4 Ncm (63 days). The torque value at the final healing period (63 days) was statistically significantly different from that at other time points tested (ANOVA, p = 0.0002). This preliminary study revealed that treatment with triple acid etching can create a promising and efficient surface for the process of osseointegration.
authors.affiliation: Master of Science Program, Educational Foundation of Barretos, UNIFEB, 14783-226 Barretos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Emília Farias
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.affiliation: Master of Science Program, Educational Foundation of Barretos, UNIFEB, 14783-226 Barretos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cássio Torres
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.affiliation: Master of Science Program, Educational Foundation of Barretos, UNIFEB, 14783-226 Barretos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir Gouveia
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Master of Science Program, Educational Foundation of Barretos, UNIFEB, 14783-226 Barretos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Salimon
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Master of Science Program, Educational Foundation of Barretos, UNIFEB, 14783-226 Barretos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sakakura
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D020878:Device Removal; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D014025:Titanium; C030242:phosphoric acid