title: Vibrio diabolicus challenge in Bathymodiolus azoricus populations from Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent sites.
abstract: Menez Gwen (MG) and Lucky Strike (LS) deep-sea hydrothermal vents are located at 850 m and 1730 m depths respectively and support chemosynthesis-based ecosystems partially differing in heavy metal concentration, temperature range, and faunistic composition. The successfully adapted deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is found at both vent locations. In such inhospitable environments survival strategies rely on the establishment of bacteria-vent animal symbiosis In spite of the toxic nature of deep-sea vents, the problem of microbial threat and the need for immunity exist in B. azoricus. This study aims at investigating the immune system of B. azoricus from MG and LS populations by comparing immune gene expressions profiles using the deep-sea vent-related Vibrio diabolicus. Expression of nineteen immune genes was analyzed from gill, digestive gland and mantle tissues upon 3 h, 12 h and 24 h V. diabolicus challenges. Based on quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) significant gene expression differences were found among MG and LS populations and challenge times MG mussels revealed that gill and digestive gland gene expression levels were remarkably higher than those from LS mussels. Expression of Carcinolectin, Serpin-2, SRCR, IRGs, RTK, TLR2, NF-κB, HSP70 and Ferritin genes was greater in MG than LS mussels. In contrast, mantle tissue from LS mussels revealed the highest peak of expression at 24 h for most genes analyzed. The activation of immune signaling pathways demonstrated that gene expression profiles are distinct between the two mussel populations. These differences may possibly ensue from intrinsic immune transcriptional activities upon which host responses are modulated in presence of V. diabolicus. mRNA transcript variations were assessed during 24 h acclimatization taking into account the partial depuration to which mussels were subjected to. Additionally, gene expression differences may reflect still accountable effects from the presence of vent remaining microfluidic environments within the tissues analyzed.
authors.affiliation: IMAR Institute of Marine Research Center, Portugal; MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. Electronic address: eva.biotec@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: IMAR Institute of Marine Research Center, Portugal; MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo Serrão
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: IMAR Institute of Marine Research Center, Portugal; MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. Electronic address: raul@uac.pt.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bettencourt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D001394:Azores; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D049879:Mytilidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D059467:Transcriptome; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Deep-sea mussels; Gene expression; Hydrothermal vents; Innate immune responses; Vibrio diabolicus challenge