title: Biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based material. New sealers have been developed based on calcium silicate as MTA Fillapex and MTA Plus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility and bioactivity of these two calcium silicate-based sealers in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cells were isolated from third molars extracted from a 16-year-old patient. Pulp tissue was sectioned into fragments with approximately 1 mm3 and kept in supplemented medium to obtain hDPCs adherent cultures. Cell characterization assays were performed to prove the osteogenic potential. The evaluated materials were: MTA Plus (MTAP); MTA Fillapex (MTAF) and FillCanal (FC). Biocompatibility was evaluated with MTT and Neutral Red (NR) assays, after hDPCs exposure for 24 h to different dilutions of each sealer extract (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). Unexposed cells were the positive control (CT). Bioactivity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic assay in cells exposed for one and three days to sealer extracts (1:4 dilution). All data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p≤0.05%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTT and NR results showed suitable cell viability rates for MTAP at all dilutions (90-135%). Cells exposed to MTAF and FC (1:2 and 1:4 dilutions) showed significant low viability rate when compared to CT in MTT. The NR results demonstrated cell viability for all materials tested. In MTAP group, the cells ALP activity was similar to CT in one and three days of exposure to the material. MTAF and FC groups demonstrated a decrease in ALP activity when compared to CT at both periods of cell exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hDPCs were suitable for the evaluation of new endodontic materialsin vitro. MTAP may be considered a promising material for endodontic treatments.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Escola de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia Boldrin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Mestieri
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Escola de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lívia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gomes-Cornélio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Escola de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisandra Márcia
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Loise Pedrosa
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Salles
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Escola de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bosso-Martelo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Escola de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliane Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Escola de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru-Filho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001729:Bismuth; D001881:Borates; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005054:Eugenol; D005562:Formazans; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013997:Time Factors; D015034:Zinc Oxide
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001881:Borates; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005562:Formazans; D010087:Oxides; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C079782:MTT formazan; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D005054:Eugenol; C038425:Fillcanal; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C031293:calcium silicate; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth