title: Integrating Cell Phone Imaging with Magnetic Levitation (i-LEV) for Label-Free Blood Analysis at the Point-of-Living.
abstract: There is an emerging need for portable, robust, inexpensive, and easy-to-use disease diagnosis and prognosis monitoring platforms to share health information at the point-of-living, including clinical and home settings. Recent advances in digital health technologies have improved early diagnosis, drug treatment, and personalized medicine. Smartphones with high-resolution cameras and high data processing power enable intriguing biomedical applications when integrated with diagnostic devices. Further, these devices have immense potential to contribute to public health in resource-limited settings where there is a particular need for portable, rapid, label-free, easy-to-use, and affordable biomedical devices to diagnose and continuously monitor patients for precision medicine, especially those suffering from rare diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Here, a magnetic levitation-based diagnosis system is presented in which different cell types (i.e., white and red blood cells) are levitated in a magnetic gradient and separated due to their unique densities. Moreover, an easy-to-use, smartphone incorporated levitation system for cell analysis is introduced. Using our portable imaging magnetic levitation (i-LEV) system, it is shown that white and red blood cells can be identified and cell numbers can be quantified without using any labels. In addition, cells levitated in i-LEV can be distinguished at single-cell resolution, potentially enabling diagnosis and monitoring, as well as clinical and research applications.
authors.affiliation: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baday
authors.affiliation: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calamak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.|Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.
authors.forename: Naside Gozde
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Durmus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.|Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.|Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.|Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.affiliation: Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA, 94304.
authors.forename: Utkan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirci
mesh_terms: D001772:Blood Cell Count; D040421:Cell Phone; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008280:Magnetics; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis
keywords: blood count; diagnostics; magnetic levitation; point-of-care device; precision medicine, blood analysis