title: Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is a major bioactive ingredient in Panax ginseng that has low toxicity and has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. The objectives of the present study were to explore the potential of the application of Rg1 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to determine whether its neuroprotective effects are exerted through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by using in vivo and in vitro models of PD. In the in vivo study, Rg1 treatment ameliorated the behavioral deficits of "Pole test", and reduced dopaminergic cell loss that were induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) in a dose-dependent manner in an in vivo model of PD. In the in vitro study, cell viability was increased and cell apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+) was decreased by Rg1 pretreatment. Rg1 induced protective effects on the protein and mRNA expression levels of markers of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in both the in vivo and the in vitro studies, and these neuroprotective effects were blocked by DKK1 in the in vitro study. Our results provide evidence that Rg1 has neuroprotective effects in both in vivo and in vitro PD models, and these effects act through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that Rg1 may exert therapeutic effects on PD via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and may therefore provide a novel approach for the treatment of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116011, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Shao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116011, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116011, China. Electronic address: zhanhualiangdl@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhanhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Da'lian 116044, China. Electronic address: dlzhaoj@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016716:PC12 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1
keywords: Ginsenoside Rg1; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Parkinson's disease; Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway