title: TREMATODE INFECTION OF FRESHWATER SNAIL, FAMILY BITHYNIIDAE IN THAILAND.
abstract: Opisthorchis viverrini is restricted to and requires for its aquatic life cycle only Bithynia snail as first intermediate host but many species of cyprinid fish as second intermediate hosts. A survey in Thailand of trematode infection in freshwater snails of the family Bithyniidae carried out during October 2008 - July 2009 found a total of 5,492 snails, classified into ten species distributed in various geographic areas. Bithyniafuniculata and Gabbia pygmaea were localized to the north, B. s. goniomphalos, Wattebledia siamensis and W. crosseana to northeast and B. s. siamensis, Hydrobioides nassa and G. wykoffi to central region. W. baschi and G. erawanensis was found only in the south and Erawan waterfall, Kanchanaburi Province, respectively. Trematode infection rate was 3.15%. Cercariae were identified as belonging to six types, namely, amartae , monostome, mutabile, O. viverrini, virgulate, and unknown. The prevalence of cercarial infection in B. s. goniomphalos of amartae, mutabile, O. viverrini, virgulate, and unknown type cercaria was 0.55%, 0.74%, 1.07%, 2.87%, and 0.37%, respectively, and in B. s. siamensis monostome (1.10%) and virgulate (0.55%). Only virgulate cercariae were shed from W. crosseana (3.85%) and W. siamensis (5.19%). Cercariae of the unknown type were found in G. wykoffi (1.69%). No infection of O. viverrini cercariae was detected in the other species.
authors.forename: Jutharat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulsantiwong
authors.forename: Sattrachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasopdee
authors.forename: Supawadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piratae
authors.forename: Panita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khampoosa
authors.forename: Chalida
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thammasiri
authors.forename: Apiporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwannatrai
authors.forename: Thidarut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boonmars
authors.forename: Vithoon
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viyanant
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruangsitichai
authors.forename: Pairat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tarbsripair
authors.forename: Smarn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tesana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058487:Cercaria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005618:Fresh Water; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014200:Trematoda / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary