title: Comparison of patient acceptance of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device with and without mini-implant anchorage: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial was to evaluate patient acceptance of the mini-implant anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 32 skeletal Class II girls. The eligibility criteria included a deficient mandible, a horizontal or neutral growth pattern, an increased overjet, and a full set of erupted permanent teeth. After the leveling and alignment stage, FFRDs and mini-implants were inserted; they were removed after the teeth reached an edge-to-edge incisor relationship. The patients were afterward asked to fill out assessment questionnaires regarding their experience with the FFRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome of this study was to assess patient acceptance of the appliance and satisfaction with the results. The secondary outcomes were interference with functional activities, noticeability by others, pain, swelling, gum problems caused by the appliance, and appliance breakage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer random sequence generation was done using block sizes of 6 and 4. Allocation concealment was achieved with sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blinding of the clinicians and the patients to the intervention was impossible, but it was done for the outcome assessment and the statistician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 32 patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into 2 groups: 16 patients (mean age, 13.25 ± 1.12 years) received the FFRD alone (FFRD group), and 16 patients (mean age, 13.07 ± 1.41 years) had mini-implants in conjunction with FFRDs (FMI group). No statistically significant differences were reported between the 2 groups regarding ease of appliance insertion, noticeability by others, pain, swelling, effects on eating and speech, and gum bleeding; 100% and 87.5% were satisfied with the results in the FFRD and FMI groups, respectively, with a ridit value of 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.71; P = 0.36). No serious harm was observed other than swelling of the cheeks, which occurred in 4 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences between the patients' acceptance of the FFRD and the mini-implant anchored FFRD. They were highly satisfied with the results. Neither group reported significant functional limitations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This trial was not registered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The study was self-funded by the authors.
authors.affiliation: Associate lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Elkordy
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mona.fayed@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Mona M Salah
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fayed
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amr M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abouelezz
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khaled H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Attia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D015921:Dental Implants; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000628:therapy; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants