title: Hit 'em where it hurts: The growing and structurally diverse family of peptides that target lipid-II.
abstract: Understanding the mode of action of antibiotics is becoming more and more important in the time that microorganisms start to develop resistance. One very well validated target of several classes of antibiotics is the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II. In this review different classes of lipid II targeting antibiotics will be discussed in detail, including the lantibiotics, human invertebrate defensins and the recently discovered teixobactin. By hitting bacteria where it hurts, at the level of lipid II, we expect to be able to develop efficient antibacterial agents in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
authors.affiliation: Membrane biochemistry and Biophysics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabine F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Oppedijk
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nathaniel I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Membrane biochemistry and Biophysics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.j.breukink@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Eefjan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Breukink
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023082:Defensins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014538:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001430:Bacteriocins; D023082:Defensins; D047630:Depsipeptides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D014538:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid; C069249:muramyl-NAc-(pentapeptide)pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol; C000594838:teixobactin
keywords: Antibiotics; Bacteriocins; Defensins; Lantibiotics; Peptidoglycan