title: In female rats, ethylene glycol treatment elevates protein expression of hepatic and renal oxalate transporter sat-1 (Slc26a1) without inducing hyperoxaluria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the sex-dependent expression of hepatic and renal oxalate transporter sat-1 (Slc26a1) changes in a rat model of ethylene glycol (EG)-induced hyperoxaluria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were given tap water (12 males and 12 females; controls) or EG (12 males and 12 females; 0.75% v/v in tap water) for one month. Oxaluric state was confirmed by biochemical parameters in blood plasma, urine, and tissues. Expression of sat-1 and rate-limiting enzymes of oxalate synthesis, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) and hydroxy-acid oxidase 1 (Hao1), was determined by immunocytochemistry (protein) and/or real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EG-treated males had significantly higher (in μmol/L; mean±standard deviation) plasma (59.7±27.2 vs 12.9±4.1, P<0.001) and urine (3716±1726 vs 241±204, P<0.001) oxalate levels, and more abundant oxalate crystaluria than controls, while the liver and kidney sat-1 protein and mRNA expression did not differ significantly between these groups. EG-treated females, in comparison with controls had significantly higher (in μmol/L) serum oxalate levels (18.8±2.9 vs 11.6±4.9, P<0.001), unchanged urine oxalate levels, low oxalate crystaluria, and significantly higher expression (in relative fluorescence units) of the liver (1.59±0.61 vs 0.56±0.39, P=0.006) and kidney (1.77±0.42 vs 0.69±0.27, P<0.001) sat-1 protein, but not mRNA. The mRNA expression of Adh1 was female-dominant and that of Hao1 male-dominant, but both were unaffected by EG treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increased expression of hepatic and renal oxalate transporting protein sat-1 in EG-treated female rats could protect from hyperoxaluria and oxalate urolithiasis.
authors.forename: Davorka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Breljak
authors.forename: Hrvoje
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brzica
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vrhovac
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micek
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karaica
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ljubojević
authors.forename: Ankica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekovanić
authors.forename: Jasna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jurasović
authors.forename: Dubravka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rašić
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peraica
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lovrić
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schnedler
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henjakovic
authors.forename: Waja
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burckhardt
authors.forename: Birgitta C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Burckhardt
authors.affiliation: Ivan Sabolić, Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, sabolic@imi.hr.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sabolić
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017920:Antiporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012737:Sex Factors; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D017920:Antiporters; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C056459:Slc26a1 protein, rat; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D019855:Ethylene Glycol