title: Systemic Effects of Hemodialysis Access.
abstract: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease are at a high risk of cardiovascular events. Patients with end-stage renal disease have a particularly high morbidity and mortality, in part attributed to the complications and dysfunction related to vascular access in this population. Creation of an arteriovenous access for HD is considered standard of care for most patients and has distinct advantages including less likelihood of infections, less need for intervention, and positive impact on survival as compared with usage of a catheter. However, creation of an arteriovenous shunt incites a series of events that significantly impacts cardiovascular and neurohormonal health in both positive and negative ways. This article will review the short- and long-term effects of dialysis access on cardiovascular, neurohormonal, and pulmonary systems as well as a brief review of their effect on survival on HD. Presence of other comorbidities in a patient with dialysis access can amplify these effects, and these considerations are of paramount importance in individualizing the approach to not only the choice of vascular access but also the modality of kidney replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology at University Hospital East, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH. Electronic address: Anil.agarwal@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor
keywords: High-flow fistula; Pulmonary hypertension; Systemic effects of dialysis access; Vascular access