title: The relationship between the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or on multiple daily injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or on multiple daily injections (MDI) using data management software.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 148 adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (CSII n = 42, MDI n = 106) and downloaded their SMBG records to the MEQNET™ SMBG Viewer software (Arkray Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The association between the SMBG frequency and the patients' hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels was analyzed using the χ(2)-test and linear regression analysis was carried out to clarify their relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio of achieving a target HbA1c level of <8% (63.9 mmol/mol) was significantly higher in subjects with SMBG frequencies of ≥3.5 times/day compared with those with SMBG frequencies of <3.5 times/day in the CSII group (odds ratio 7.00, 95% confidence interval 1.72-28.54), but not in the MDI group (odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI 0.62-2.93). A significant correlation between SMBG frequency and the HbA1c level was detected in the CSII group (HbA1c [%] = -0.24 × SMBG frequency [times/day] + 8.60 [HbA1c {mmol/L} = -2.61 × SMBG frequency {times/day} + 70.5], [r = -0.384, P = 0.012]), but not in the MDI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A SMBG frequency of <3.5 times per day appeared to be a risk factor for poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥8%) in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on CSII.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kokoro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakane
keywords: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; Self-monitoring of blood glucose; Type 1 diabetes mellitus