title: Effects of a physical therapy program combined with manual lymphatic drainage on shoulder function, quality of life, lymphedema incidence, and pain in breast cancer patients with axillary web syndrome following axillary dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical therapy (PT) combined with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on shoulder function, pain, lymphedema, visible cords, and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients with axillary web syndrome (AWS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized trial, 41 breast cancer patients with visible and palpable cords on the arm and axilla and a numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score of >3 were randomly assigned to PT (3 times/week for 4 weeks; n = 20) and PT combined with MLD (5 times/week for 4 weeks; PTMLD; n = 21) groups. MLD was performed by a physical therapist and the patients themselves during week 1 and weeks 2-4, respectively. Arm volume, shoulder function (muscular strength; active range of motion; and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand [DASH]); QOL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core and Breast Cancer-Specific QOL questionnaires), and pain (NRS) were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QOL including functional and symptom aspects, shoulder flexor strength, DASH, and NRS scores were significantly improved in both groups after the 4-week intervention (P < 0.05). NRS score and arm volume were significantly lower in the PTMLD group than in the PT group (P < 0.05). Lymphedema was observed in the PT (n = 6), but not PTMLD, group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PT improves shoulder function, pain, and QOL in breast cancer patients with AWS and combined with MLD decreases arm lymphedema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youngki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Junghwa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Hosan University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sunyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. kwonoy@yonsei.ac.kr.|Laboratory of Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungeop-Myeon, Wonju, Kangwon-Do, 220-710, South Korea. kwonoy@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ohyun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, South Korea. jyjeon71@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008405:Massage; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D055070:Resistance Training; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Axillary web syndrome; Breast neoplasms; Physical therapy modalities; Quality of life