title: Drug Discovery of Host CLK1 Inhibitors for Influenza Treatment.
abstract: The rapid evolution of influenza virus makes antiviral drugs less effective, which is considered to be a major bottleneck in antiviral therapy. The key proteins in the host cells, which are related with the replication cycle of influenza virus, are regarded as potential drug targets due to their distinct advantage of lack of evolution and drug resistance. Cdc2-like kinase 1 (CLK1) in the host cells is responsible for alternative splicing of the M2 gene of influenza virus during influenza infection and replication. In this study, we carried out baculovirus-mediated expression and purification of CLK1 and established a reliable screening assay for CLK1 inhibitors. After a virtual screening of CLK1 inhibitors was performed, the activities of the selected compounds were evaluated. Finally, several compounds with strong inhibitory activity against CLK1 were discovered and their in vitro anti-influenza virus activities were validated using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The assay results showed that clypearin, corilagin, and pinosylvine were the most potential anti-influenza virus compounds as CLK1 inhibitors among the compounds tested. These findings will provide important information for new drug design and development in influenza treatment, and CLK1 may be a potent drug target for anti-influenza drug screening and discovery.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. zumian@ihep.ac.cn.|CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. zumian@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. lichao880919@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. fangjiansong0815@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. lianwenwen1989@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. liuailin@imm.ac.cn.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and New Drug Screening, Beijing 100050, China. liuailin@imm.ac.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China. liuailin@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ai-Lin
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China. zhenglishu2000@sina.com.
authors.forename: Li-Shu
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. dugh@imm.ac.cn.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and New Drug Screening, Beijing 100050, China. dugh@imm.ac.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China. dugh@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guan-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D023061:Gene Order; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008024:Ligands; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C066780:Clk dual-specificity kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: CLK1 inhibitor; CPE assay; baculovirus coinfection; influenza A virus; protein expression and purification; rational screening