title: Oil Extraction and Indigenous Livelihoods in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon.
abstract: Globally, the extraction of minerals and fossil fuels is increasingly penetrating into isolated regions inhabited by indigenous peoples, potentially undermining their livelihoods and well-being. To provide new insight to this issue, we draw on a unique longitudinal dataset collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon over an 11-year period from 484 indigenous households with varying degrees of exposure to oil extraction. Fixed and random effects regression models of the consequences of oil activities for livelihood outcomes reveal mixed and multidimensional effects. These results challenge common assumptions about these processes and are only partly consistent with hypotheses drawn from the Dutch disease literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, Campus Box 3220, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozigar
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, Campus Box 3220, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Clark L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Carolina Population Center, Campus Box 8120, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA.
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bilsborrow
keywords: Amazon; Ecuador; Latin America; household survey; indigenous livelihoods; petroleum