title: Visualization of Time-Series Sensor Data to Inform the Design of Just-In-Time Adaptive Stress Interventions.
abstract: We investigate needs, challenges, and opportunities in visualizing time-series sensor data on stress to inform the design of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs). We identify seven key challenges: massive volume and variety of data, complexity in identifying stressors, scalability of space, multifaceted relationship between stress and time, a need for representation at multiple granularities, interperson variability, and limited understanding of JITAI design requirements due to its novelty. We propose four new visualizations based on one million minutes of sensor data (n=70). We evaluate our visualizations with stress researchers (n=6) to gain first insights into its usability and usefulness in JITAI design. Our results indicate that spatio-temporal visualizations help identify and explain between- and within-person variability in stress patterns and contextual visualizations enable decisions regarding the timing, content, and modality of intervention. Interestingly, a granular representation is considered informative but noise-prone; an abstract representation is the preferred starting point for designing JITAIs.
authors.affiliation: University of Memphis.
authors.forename: Moushumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharmin
authors.affiliation: University of Central Florida.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raij
authors.affiliation: NIDA IRP.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Epstien
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Inbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nahum-Shani
authors.affiliation: University of Notre Dame.
authors.forename: J Gayle
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vhaduri
authors.forename: Kenzie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Just-in-time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs); Stress; Stress Management; Visualization