title: Concussed or Not? An Assessment of Concussion Experience and Knowledge Within Elite and Semiprofessional Rugby Union.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim was to assess experience and knowledge of adult concussion among international, professional and semiprofessional players, coaches, medical staff, and referees within Rugby Union. The secondary aim was to identify preferred education dissemination routes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires devised specifically for players, coaches, medical staff, and referees.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 370 players, 44 coaches, 40 medical staff, and 33 referees from within Wales were surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of concussion, return to play guidelines and consequences of concussion were investigated along with experiences of, and attitudes towards, concussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respondents had extensive experience of sustaining or witnessing rugby-related concussion. Medical staff had the greatest level of concussion knowledge, with coaches having the least. Players and coaches exhibited a disconnection between being "knocked-out" and practically applying this when managing concussion. Almost half of the players and coaches did not indicate concussion could impair performance. Eighty percent of medical staff had felt pressured to clear a concussed player. Most players (82%), coaches (66%), and referees (64%) incorrectly believed protective equipment prevents concussion. Players and coaches prefer concussion education from medical staff, whereas medical staff and referees prefer such education from governing body Web sites or training courses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several role-specific misconceptions and deficiencies in concussion knowledge were identified and should be targeted through education. Medical staff had the highest level of concussion knowledge and were the preferred sources of education for players and coaches. Therefore, they are encouraged to play a greater role in providing concussion education.
authors.affiliation: *Medical Service, Welsh Rugby Union, Cardiff, United Kingdom; †Medical School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; ‡Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; §Sports Injury Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; and ¶Sport and Exercise Medicine, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Abercynon, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Prabhat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathema
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Isabel S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ranson
authors.forename: Rhodri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D008297:Male; D000071252:Mentoring; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult