title: Role of TGF-β Signaling in Coupling Bone Remodeling.
abstract: TGF-β signaling plays a key role in the temporal and spatial regulation of bone remodeling. During osteoclast bone resorption, TGF-β is released from the bone matrix and activated. Active TGF-β recruits mesenchymal stem cells to the bone resorption pit through the SMAD signaling pathway. Mesenchymal stem cells undergo osteoblast differentiation and deposit new bone filling in the resorption pit and maintaining the structural integrity of the skeleton. Thus, TGF-β signaling plays a key role in the coupling process and disruptions to the TGF-β signaling pathway lead to loss of skeletal integrity. This chapter describes methods on how to quantitate bone matrix TGF-β and assess its role in mesenchymal stem cell migration both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 231, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. xcao11@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Immunohistochemistry co-staining; Mesenchymal stem cells; Migration; SMAD; TGF-β1; TRAP