title: Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene.
abstract: The isolation of graphene in 2004 from graphite was a defining moment for the "birth" of a field: two-dimensional (2D) materials. In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing number of papers focusing on non-graphene layered materials, including transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), because of the new properties and applications that emerge upon 2D confinement. Here, we review significant recent advances and important new developments in 2D materials "beyond graphene". We provide insight into the theoretical modeling and understanding of the van der Waals (vdW) forces that hold together the 2D layers in bulk solids, as well as their excitonic properties and growth morphologies. Additionally, we highlight recent breakthroughs in TMD synthesis and characterization and discuss the newest families of 2D materials, including monoelement 2D materials (i.e., silicene, phosphorene, etc.) and transition metal carbide- and carbon nitride-based MXenes. We then discuss the doping and functionalization of 2D materials beyond graphene that enable device applications, followed by advances in electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices and theory. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future of 2D materials beyond graphene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Ganesh R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bhimanapati
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States.|Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States.
authors.forename: Yeonwoong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Birck Nanotechnology Center & Department of ECE, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Saptarshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Youngwoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Strano
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Valentino R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States.|Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Liangbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ringe
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States.|UES Inc. , Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States.
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States.
authors.forename: Rajesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Bobby G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Sumpter
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States.|Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terrones
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.
authors.forename: Fengnian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Yeliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Microelectronics Research Centre, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States.
authors.forename: Deji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akinwande
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alem
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Raymond E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schaak
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.|Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.|Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terrones
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robinson
keywords: germanene; graphene; heterostructures; phospherene; silicene; stanene; transition metal dichalcogenide; two-dimensional materials; van der Waals epitaxy; van der Waals solid