title: Effects and mechanism of lipoic acid on beta-amyloid-intoxicated C6 glioma cells.
abstract: β-amyloid peptides (Aβs) can exert neurotoxic effects through induction of oxidative damage, whereas lipoic acid (LA), a powerful antioxidant, can alleviate oxidative damage. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of action of LA on beta-amyloid-intoxicated C6 glioma cells. Cells were randomly divided into three groups: control (vehicle), Aβ, and LA + Aβ. The LA + Aβ group was treated with LA for 2 h, then both the Aβ-only and the LA + Aβ groups were incubated with 25 μM Aβ for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by the MTT method. Mitochondrial reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the GSH to GSSG ratio calculated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to detect MnSOD mRNA and protein, respectively. Aβ significantly inhibited C6 cell proliferation compared with the control group (P < 0.05). LA markedly increased cell viability compared with the Aβ group (P < 0.05). The increased GSSH and decreased GSH mitochondrial accumulation induced by Aβ was profoundly reversed by treatment with LA (P < 0.05). Aβ significantly reduced MnSOD expression compared to controls (P < 0.05), whereas LA pretreatment increased MnSOD expression compared with the Aβ-only group (P < 0.05); MnSOD protein levels showed similar patterns. These results suggest that LA might protect Aβ-intoxicated C6 glioma cells by alleviating oxidative damage, providing a new treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department of Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department of Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department of Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide