title: Antimicrobial compounds from root, stem bark and seeds of Melia volkensii.
abstract: Three compounds, toosendanin (1), kulactone (2) and scopoletin (3), were isolated from either the root bark and/or the stem bark of Melia volkensii. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data generated and by comparison with data from the literature. 1 and 2, isolated for the first time from M. volkensii, exhibited significant (p < 0.05) activity against Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, close to that of neomycin (6.25 μg/mL). The compounds also exhibited high activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC 6.25 μg/mL compared to 2.5 μg/mL for clotrimazole). Dichloromethane and methanol seed, hexane stem bark and methanol root bark extracts exhibited activities towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the plant towards A. niger, P. falciparum and S. aureus is reported for the first time in the current work.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology , Kakamega , Kenya.
authors.forename: Rahab W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kamau
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology , Kakamega , Kenya.
authors.forename: Benard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Juma
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology , Kakamega , Kenya.
authors.forename: Lilechi D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Baraza
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007783:Lactones; D031585:Melia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D012603:Scopoletin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007783:Lactones; D012603:Scopoletin; C000617222:kulactone; C036454:toosendanin; D014315:Triterpenes
keywords: Melia volkensii; Plasmodium falciparum; antibacterial; antimalarial