title: Identifying the metabolic perturbations in earthworm induced by cypermethrin using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics.
abstract: Globally, cypermethrin is one of the most widely used synthetic pyrethroid for agricultural and domestic purposes. Most part of the pesticides used in the agriculture ends up as residues in the soil, making soil dwelling organisms, especially earthworms more susceptible to pesticide intoxication. Cypermethrin is known to be a neurotoxicant to many model organisms, including mammals and insects, but such type of toxicity evidence is not available for invertebrate systems like earthworms. In the present work, metabolomics based approach was utilized to identify the toxic mechanism of action of cypermethrin on earthworm (Metaphire posthuma) and these were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of cypermethrin such as 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg (1/40(th), 1/20(th), 1/10(th) and 1/5(th) of LC50, respectively) for fourteen days. The results revealed that 22 metabolites (mainly fatty acids, sugars and amino acids) were shown significant responses in the exposed earthworms and these responses are dose dependent. It is proposed that mainly carbohydrate and fatty acids in neural system metabolism was disturbed. Overall, the results provided that metabolomics can be an effective tool to understand the effects of cypermethrin on the metabolic responses of earthworm Metaphire posthuma.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory &Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- IITR Main Campus, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ratnasekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ch
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory &Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory &Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pathya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: SEM facility, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prem Narain
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory &Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- IITR Main Campus, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory &Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mohana Krishna
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Reddy Mudiam
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D018118:Chloride Channels; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin