title: No Effect of Added Sugar Consumed at Median American Intake Level on Glucose Tolerance or Insulin Resistance.
abstract: Excess sugar consumption may promote adverse changes in hepatic and total body insulin resistance. Debate continues over the effects of sugars at more typically consumed levels and whether the identity of the sugar consumed is important. In the present study participants (20-60 years old) were randomly assigned to one of five groups, three that consumed low fat milk with added fructose containing sugars in amounts equivalent to the 50th percentile of fructose consumption (US), one which consumed low-fat milk sweetened with glucose, and one unsweetened low-fat milk control group. The intervention lasted ten weeks. In the entire study population there was less than 1 kg increase in weight (73.6 ±13.0 vs. 74.5 ± 13.3 kg, p < 0.001), but the change in weight was comparable among groups (p > 0.05). There were no changes in fasting glucose (49 ± 0.4 vs. 5.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L), insulin (56.9 ± 38.9 vs. 61.8 ± 50.0 pmol/L), or insulin resistance, as measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment method (1.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.5, all p > 0.05). These data suggest that added sugar consumed at the median American intake level does not produce changes in measures of insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance and that no sugar has more deleterious effects than others.
authors.affiliation: Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA. jlowndes@rippelifestyle.com.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowndes
authors.affiliation: Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA. rdsinnett@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stephanie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sinnett
authors.affiliation: Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA. jrippe@rippelifestyle.com.|Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 21 N. Quinsigamond Avenue, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA. jrippe@rippelifestyle.com.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA. jrippe@rippelifestyle.com.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rippe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: diabetes; fructose; glucose; high fructose corn syrup; sucrose