title: Genome-wide identification and evaluation of constitutive promoters in streptomycetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptomycetes attract a lot of attention in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology because of their well-known ability to produce secondary metabolites. However, the available constitutive promoters are rather limited in this genus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, constitutive promoters were selected from a pool of promoters whose downstream genes maintained constant expression profiles in various conditions. A total of 941 qualified genes were selected based on systematic analysis of five sets of time-series transcriptome microarray data of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 cultivated under different conditions. Then, 166 putative constitutive promoters were selected by following a rational selection workflow containing disturbance analysis, function analysis, genetic loci analysis, and transcript abundance analysis. Further, eight promoters with different strengths were chosen and subjected to experimental validation by green fluorescent protein reporter and real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in S. coelicolor, Streptomyces venezuelae and Streptomyces albus. The eight promoters drove the stable expression of downstream genes in different conditions, implying that the 166 promoters that we identified might be constitutive under the genus Streptomyces. Four promoters were used in a plug-and-play platform to control the expression of the cryptic cluster of jadomycin B in S. venezuelae ISP5230 and resulted in different levels of the production of jadomycin B that corresponded to promoter strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work identified and evaluated a set of constitutive promoters with different strengths in streptomycetes, and it enriched the presently available promoter toolkit in this genus. These promoters should be valuable in current platforms of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the activation of cryptic biosynthetic clusters and the optimization of pathways for the biosynthesis of important natural products in Streptomyces species.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. lishanshan8427@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. 13718683829@163.com.
authors.forename: Junyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. lixiao2778@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. yinshouliang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shouliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. wangws@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Weishan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. yangkq@im.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Keqian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D060847:Metabolic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics*