title: Methodological Comparisons of Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Polymorphism.
abstract: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism has been shown to be important in hypertension progression and also in diabetes complications, especially associated with heart disease. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an established measure for classification of autonomic function regulating heart rate, based on the interbeat interval time series derived from a raw ECG recording. Results of this paper show that the length (number of interbeat intervals) and preprocessing of the tachogram affect the HRV analysis outcome. The comparison was based on tachogram lengths of 250, 300, 350, and 400 RR-intervals and five preprocessing approaches. An automated adaptive preprocessing method for the heart rate biosignal and tachogram length of 400 interbeat intervals provided the best classification. HRV results differed for the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) group between the I/I genotype and the I/D and D/D genotypes, whereas for controls there was no significant difference in HRV between genotypes. Selecting an appropriate length of recording and automated preprocessing has confirmed that there is an effect of ACE polymorphism including the I/I genotype and that I/I should not be combined with I/D genotype in determining the extent of autonomic modulation of the heart rate.
authors.forename: Faezeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marzbanrad
authors.forename: Ahsan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khandoker
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hambly
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: Yaxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Slade
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Chandan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.forename: Marimuthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palaniswami
authors.forename: Herbert F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Jelinek
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLachlan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A