title: Centennial inventory: the changing face of orthodontics.
abstract: The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics celebrates its centennial, safeguarded by the nearly 115-year-old American Association of Orthodontists. This journey witnessed the rise and demise of various developments, concepts, and procedures, while basic knowledge is still needed. Various periods can be defined in the past century, but the goals remain to obtain more accurate diagnosis through precise anatomic imaging, more controlled and faster tooth movement, more discreet appliances, and the balance of esthetics, function, and stability. The most recent technologic advances have buttressed these goals. Cone-beam computed tomography has brought 3-dimensional assessment to daily usage, albeit the original enthusiasm is tempered by the risk of additional radiation. Temporary anchorage devices or miniscrews have revolutionized orthodontic practice and loom as a solid cornerstone of orthodontic science. Decortication and microperforation promise to speed up tooth displacement by stimulating vascularization. The concept of the regional acceleratory phenomenon has touched upon even the timing of orthognathic surgery. The burden of esthetic appliances remains, with the demand for "cosmetic" appliances and clear aligners. Have these developments changed the face of orthodontics? Have we engaged in another turn wherein certain treatment modalities may fade, while others join mainstream applications? These questions are addressed in this essay on the challenges, promises, and limitations of current orthodontic technology, enhancement of biologic response, and personalized treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: Professor and head, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Center, American University, Beirut, Lebanon; professor, Department of Orthodontics, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; adjunct professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Electronic address: jg03@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ghafari
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D055094:Evidence-Based Dentistry; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000175:diagnosis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000639:trends*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011677:Punctures; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D014732:Vibration / Q000627:therapeutic use