title: Mass immunization with inactivated polio vaccine in conflict zones--Experience from Borno and Yobe States, North-Eastern Nigeria.
abstract: The use of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization to replace Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is crucial in eradicating polio. In June 2014, Nigeria launched an IPV campaign in the conflict-affected states of Borno and Yobe, the largest ever implemented in Africa. We present the initiatives and lessons learned. The 8-day event involved two parallel campaigns. OPV target age was 0-59 months, while IPV targeted all children aged 14 weeks to 59 months. The Borno state primary health care agency set up temporary health camps for the exercise and treated minor ailments for all. The target population for the OPV campaign was 685,674 children in Borno and 113,774 in Yobe. The IPV target population for Borno was 608,964 and for Yobe 111,570. OPV coverage was 105.1 per cent for Borno and 103.3 per cent for Yobe. IPV coverage was 102.9 per cent for Borno and 99.1 per cent for Yobe. (Where we describe coverage as greater than 100 per cent, this reflects original underestimates of the target populations.) A successful campaign and IPV immunization is viable in conflict areas.
authors.affiliation: National Polio Emergency Operation (EOC), Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Faisal M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Shuaibu
authors.affiliation: UNICEF, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gerida
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Birukila
authors.affiliation: Collaboration Resources for Child Health (CORE) Group, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ado
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galway
authors.affiliation: National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.|UNICEF, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corkum
authors.affiliation: National Polio Emergency Operation (EOC), Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damisa
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria.|World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mkanda
authors.affiliation: UNICEF, Abuja, Nigeria.|US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
authors.forename: Gatei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wa Nganda
authors.affiliation: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vertefeuille
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria.|World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.|Polio Emergency Operation Center, Borno State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meleh
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria.|World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banda
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.|Polio Emergency Operation Center, Borno State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Almai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Some
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.|Polio Emergency Operation Center, Borno State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Hyelni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mshelia
authors.affiliation: National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.|UNICEF, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Al-Umra
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.|UNICEF, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ogu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Enemaku
authors.affiliation: National Polio Emergency Operation (EOC), Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etsano
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009549:Nigeria; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014857:Warfare
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated