title: Significantly improved solvent tolerance of Escherichia coli by global transcription machinery engineering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Escherichia coli has emerged as a promising platform microorganism to produce biofuels and fine chemicals of industrial interests. Certain obstacles however remain to be overcome, among which organic-solvent tolerance is a crucial one.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) to improve the organic-solvent tolerance (OST) of E. coli JM109. A mutant library of σ(70) encoded by rpoD was screened under cyclohexane pressure. E. coli JM109 strain harboring σ(70) mutant C9 was identified with capability of tolerating 69 % cyclohexane. The rpoD mutant contains three amino-acid substitutes and a stop-codon mutation, resulting a truncated sequence containing regions σ(1.1) and σ(1.2). Total protein difference produced by E. coli JM109 strain harboring C9 was examined with 2D-PAGE, and 204 high-abundant proteins showed over twofold variation under different solvent stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that several genes (gapA, sdhB, pepB and dppA) play critical roles in enhanced solvent tolerance of E. coli, mainly involving in maintaining higher intracellular energy level under solvent stress. Global transcription machinery engineering is therefore a feasible and efficient approach for engineering strain with enhanced OST-phenotype.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. zf23.32@163.com.
authors.forename: Fa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. xiaohongqian2011@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. 601610917@qq.com.
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. guochaoxu@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guochao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. hanrz@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ruizhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China. yni@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003510:Cyclohexanes; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; D012997:Solvents; C506365:Cyclohexane; C081775:RNA polymerase sigma 70; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases