title: Association Between Bullying Victimization and Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood exposure to adverse experiences has been associated with adult asthma, smoking, sexually transmitted disease, obesity, substance use, depression, and sleep disturbances. Conceptualizing bullying as an adverse childhood experience, 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data were used to examine the relationship between in-person and electronic bullying victimization among US high school students and health risk behaviors and conditions related to violence, substance use, sexual risk, overweight and physical activity, sleep, and asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the 2011 national YRBS among students who answered questions about in-person and electronic bullying (N = 13,846). The YRBS is a biennial, nationally representative survey of students in grades 9-12 (overall response rate = 71%). Logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex and controlling for race/ethnicity and grade, examined the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors or conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of victimization varied; 9.4% of students reported being bullied in-person and electronically, 10.8% only bullied in-person, 6.8% only electronically bullied, and 73.0% uninvolved. Bullying was associated with nearly all health risk behaviors and conditions studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing the broad functioning and behaviors of victims of bullying could enable educators and health practitioners to intervene early and promote the long-term health of youth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Analysis, Research, and Practice Integration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F6, Atlanta, GA 30341. MHertz@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Marci Feldman
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hertz
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329. sce2@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Everett Jones
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS E-75, Atlanta, GA 30329. LBarrios@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS F64, Atlanta, GA 30341. CFerdon@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: David-Ferdon
authors.affiliation: School of Education, Counseling and Human Development, Boston University, Two Silber Way, Boston, MA 02215. holtm@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying; D019548:Crime Victims; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: adolescents; adverse childhood experiences; bullying; electronic bullying; health risk behaviors