title: The influence of the amyloid ß-protein and its precursor in modulating cerebral hemostasis.
abstract: Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are a significant cause of brain injury leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). These deleterious events largely result from disruption of cerebral hemostasis, a well-controlled and delicate balance between thrombotic and fibrinolytic pathways in cerebral blood vessels and surrounding brain tissue. Ischemia and hemorrhage are both commonly associated with cerebrovascular deposition of amyloid ß-protein (Aß). In this regard, Aß directly and indirectly modulates cerebral thrombosis and fibrinolysis. Further, major isoforms of the Aß precursor protein (AßPP) function as a potent inhibitor of pro-thrombotic proteinases. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent research on how cerebral vascular Aß and AßPP influence cerebral hemostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, HSC-T12/086, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8122, USA; Department of Medicine, HSC-T12/086, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8122, USA. Electronic address: William.VanNostrand@stonybrookmedicine.edu.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Van Nostrand
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
keywords: Amyloid ß-protein; Amyloid ß-protein precursor; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Cerebral hemostasis; Hemorrhage; Ischemia; Proteinase inhibition