title: Reflection: The Early Career Surgeon-Scientist's Pathway to Independence.
abstract: The surgeon-scientist offers a unique perspective as one who can arguably best comprehend clinical needs, identify areas ripe for research, and translate discoveries from bench to bedside. However, the long transition from postdoc to independent investigator can prove to be quite challenging. Surgeons have long been described as having results-oriented personalities, and so the long road to independence can be fraught with frustration at times. It requires humility in seeking scientific direction and mentorship, institutional support, and ultimately extramural funding. This reflection piece examines some hallmark steps along the pathway to independence for one otolaryngology-head and neck surgeon-scientist in her early academic career.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA s-shintani@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Stephanie Shintani
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D012586:Science; D013043:Specialties, Surgical
keywords: early career; reflection piece; surgeon-scientist