title: Aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their ecological risks in surface seawater of Liaodong Bay, China.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of ubiquitous pollutants in marine environments, exhibit moderate to high adverse effects on aquatic organisms and humans. However, the lack of PAH toxicity data for aquatic organism has limited evaluation of their ecological risks. In the present study, aquatic predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of 16 priority PAHs were derived based on species sensitivity distribution models, and their probabilistic ecological risks in seawater of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China, were assessed. A quantitative structure-activity relationship method was adopted to achieve the predicted chronic toxicity data for the PNEC derivation. Good agreement for aquatic PNECs of 8 PAHs based on predicted and experimental chronic toxicity data was observed (R(2)  = 0.746), and the calculated PNECs ranged from 0.011 µg/L to 205.3 µg/L. A significant log-linear relationship also existed between the octanol-water partition coefficient and PNECs derived from experimental toxicity data (R(2)  = 0.757). A similar order of ecological risks for the 16 PAH species in seawater of Liaodong Bay was found by probabilistic risk quotient and joint probability curve methods. The individual high ecological risk of benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benz[a]anthracene needs to be determined. The combined ecological risk of PAHs in seawater of Liaodong Bay calculated by the joint probability curve method was 13.9%, indicating a high risk as a result of co-exposure to PAHs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1587-1593. © 2015 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Juying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Jingli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Ziwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Zhongsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D061006:Bays; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bohai Sea; Ecological risk assessment; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS); Predicted no-effect concentration; Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSARS); Species sensitivity distribution