title: Carnosine and taurine treatments diminished brain oxidative stress and apoptosis in D-galactose aging model.
abstract: D-galactose (GAL) has been used as an animal model for brain aging and antiaging studies. GAL stimulates oxidative stress in several tissues including brain. Carnosine (CAR; β-alanil-L-histidine) and taurine (TAU; 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) exhibit antioxidant properties. CAR and TAU have anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. We investigated the effect of CAR and TAU supplementations on oxidative stress and brain damage in GAL-treated rats. Rats received GAL (300 mg/kg; s.c.; 5 days per week) alone or together with CAR (250 mg/kg/daily; i.p.; 5 days per week) or TAU (2.5% w/w; in rat chow) for 2 months. Brain malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were determined. Expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax and caspase-3 were also evaluated in the brains by immunohistochemistry. GAL treatment increased brain MDA and PC levels and AChE activities. It decreased significantly brain GSH levels, SOD and GSH-Px but not GST activities. GAL treatment caused histopathological changes and increased apoptosis. CAR and TAU significantly reduced brain AChE activities, MDA and PC levels and elevated GSH levels in GAL-treated rats. CAR, but not TAU, significantly increased low activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Both CAR and TAU diminished apoptosis and ameliorated histopathological findings in the brain of GAL-treated rats. Our results indicate that CAR and TAU may be effective to prevent the development of oxidative stress, apoptosis and histopathological deterioration in the brain of GAL-treated rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Fatih
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Jale
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Çoban
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Işın
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Doğan-Ekici
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Betül-Kalaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doğru-Abbasoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. m.mujdatuysal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Müjdat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002336:Carnosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013654:Taurine; D006639:Histidine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002336:Carnosine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Brain; Carnosine; D-Galactose; Oxidative stress; Taurine