title: Natural Products: Insights into Leishmaniasis Inflammatory Response.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that affects several populations worldwide, against which there are no vaccines available and the chemotherapy is highly toxic. Depending on the species causing the infection, the disease is characterized by commitment of tissues, including the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. Despite the relevance of host inflammatory mediators on parasite burden control, Leishmania and host immune cells interaction may generate an exacerbated proinflammatory response that plays an important role in the development of leishmaniasis clinical manifestations. Plant-derived natural products have been recognized as bioactive agents with several properties, including anti-protozoal and anti-inflammatory activities. The present review focuses on the antileishmanial activity of plant-derived natural products that are able to modulate the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. The capability of crude extracts and some isolated substances in promoting an anti-inflammatory response during Leishmania infection may be used as part of an effective strategy to fight the disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Igor A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mazotto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pos-Graduação em Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Japiim, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jefferson Rocha de Andrade
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pos-Graduação em Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alane B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vermelho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D002450:Cell Communication; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007891:Leishmania; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000276:immunology*; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007975:Leukotriene B4