title: Derivation of soil thresholds for lead applying species sensitivity distribution: A case study for root vegetables.
abstract: The combination of food quality standard and soil-plant transfer models can be used to derive critical limits of heavy metals for agricultural soils. In this paper, a robust methodology is presented, taking the variations of plant species and cultivars and soil properties into account to derive soil thresholds for lead (Pb) applying species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Three species of root vegetables (four cultivars each for radish, carrot, and potato) were selected to investigate their sensitivity differences for accumulating Pb through greenhouse experiment. Empirical soil-plant transfer model was developed from carrot New Kuroda grown in twenty-one soils covering a wide variation in physicochemical properties and was used to normalize the bioaccumulation data of non-model cultivars. The relationship was then validated to be reliable and would not cause over-protection using data from field experimental sites and published independent studies. The added hazardous concentration for protecting 95% of the cultivars not exceeding the food quality standard (HC5add) were then calculated from the Burr Type III function fitted SSD curves. The derived soil Pb thresholds based on the added risk approach (total soil concentration subtracting the natural background part) were presented as continuous or scenario criteria depending on the combination of soil pH and CEC.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Changfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yibing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Taolin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Research of Red Soil, Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China. Electronic address: xxwang@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xingxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000465:Algorithms; D002681:China; D018552:Daucus carota; D005504:Food Analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D031224:Raphanus; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Heavy metals; Normalization; Soil thresholds; Species sensitivity distribution