title: Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes--The Impact of Gender, Age, and Health-Related Functioning on Eating Disorder Psychopathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate correlates of eating disorder psychopathology in adolescent males and females with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (42% males), aged 12-20 years, were recruited from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry in this population-based study. All participants were interviewed with the Child Eating Disorder Examination. Additionally, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire were administered to assess health-related functioning. Clinical data were obtained from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant gender differences were demonstrated in the pattern of correlates of eating disorder pathology. Among females, eating disorder psychopathology was significantly associated with body mass index adjusted for age and gender, age, insulin restriction, coping, illness perceptions, and perceptions of insulin concern. In a regression model, age, illness perceptions, and insulin restriction remained significantly associated with eating disorder psychopathology, explaining 48% of the variance. None of the variables were associated with eating disorder psychopathology among males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater clinical awareness of illness perceptions, attitudes toward insulin, and insulin restriction may potentially decrease the risk of developing eating disorders among female adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and the subsequent increased morbidity and mortality associated with comorbid type 1 diabetes and eating disorders.
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wisting
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Torild
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skrivarhaug
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dahl-Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Øyvind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Rø
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires