title: Pipette vial dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of benzoylurea insecticide in fruit juice.
abstract: A simple, sensitive, and efficient method of using a pipette vial to perform dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a diode array detector for the preconcentration and analysis of four benzoylurea insecticides in fruit juice. In this method, 1-dodecanol was used as an extractant, and a snipped pipette was used as an experimental vial to simplify the procedure of collecting and separating solidified extractant. The experimental parameters were optimized using a Plackett-Burman design and one-factor-at-a-time method. Under the optimal conditions in the water model, the limits of detection for analytes varied from 0.03 to 0.28 μg/L, and the enrichment factors ranged from 147 to 206. Linearity was achieved for diflubenzuron and flufenoxuron in a range of 0.5-500 μg/L, for hexaflumuron in a range of 1-500 μg/L, and for triflumuron in a range of 5-500 μg/L. The correlation coefficients for the analytes ranged from 0.9986 to 0.9994 with recoveries of 91.4-110.9%. Finally, the developed technique was successfully applied to fruit juice samples with acceptable results. The relative standard deviations of the analytes at two spiking levels (50 and 200 μg/L) varied between 0.2 and 4.5%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Miyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ganni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Sanbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007306:Insecticides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; C023957:triflumuron; C058039:hexafluoron; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C067660:flufenoxuron
keywords: 1-Dodecanol; Benzoylurea insecticides; Floating organic droplet; High-performance liquid chromatography; Microextraction