title: In Vivo Quantification of Peroxisome Tethering to Chloroplasts in Tobacco Epidermal Cells Using Optical Tweezers.
abstract: Peroxisomes are highly motile organelles that display a range of motions within a short time frame. In static snapshots, they can be juxtaposed to chloroplasts, which has led to the hypothesis that they are physically interacting. Here, using optical tweezers, we tested the dynamic physical interaction in vivo. Using near-infrared optical tweezers combined with TIRF microscopy, we were able to trap peroxisomes and approximate the forces involved in chloroplast association in vivo in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and observed weaker tethering to additional unknown structures within the cell. We show that chloroplasts and peroxisomes are physically tethered through peroxules, a poorly described structure in plant cells. We suggest that peroxules have a novel role in maintaining peroxisome-organelle interactions in the dynamic environment. This could be important for fatty acid mobilization and photorespiration through the interaction with oil bodies and chloroplasts, highlighting a fundamentally important role for organelle interactions for essential biochemistry and physiological processes.
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-8776
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Nick A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Teanby
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Andy D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-9303
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Botchway
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.).
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom (H.G., J.M., I.S.);School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom (N.A.T.); andCentral Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, United Kingdom (A.D.W., S.W.B., B.C., M.R.P.) i.sparkes@exeter.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Imogen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sparkes
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins