title: Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization identifies depressive disorders as the second leading cause of global disease burden by 2020. However, there is a paucity of studies which examined the associated factors of antenatal depression in low-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was employed among 393 pregnant women attending antenatal care service in Addis Ababa public health centers, Ethiopia from April 12-26, 2012. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to detect depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of antenatal depression was 24.9 % (95 % CI: 20.85-29.30 %). In the final multivariable model, those pregnant women who have previous history of depression were nearly three times at higher odds of having antenatal depression as compared to pregnant women who have no history of depression [AOR = 2.57(95 % CI: 1.48-4.48 )]. Those pregnant women having unplanned pregnancy were nearly three times at higher odds to develop depression as compared to pregnant women whose pregnancy was planned [AOR = 2.78(95 % CI: 1.59-4.85)]. The odd of developing antenatal depression was 89 % higher in those pregnant women who experienced lack of baby's father support [AOR = 1.89(95 % CI: 1.06-3.36)]. Education level, community's support, and partner's feeling on current pregnancy were not significantly associated factors with antenatal depression in the final multivariable model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although clinical confirmation for antenatal depression is not conducted, one quarter of the pregnant women attending antenatal care were depressed in Addis Ababa based on EPDS. Unplanned pregnancy, experiencing lack of baby's father support and previous history of depression were factors independently associated with antenatal depression. Promotion of family planning and integration of mental health service with existing maternal health care as well as strengthening the referral system among public health centers were the recalled interventions to prevent antenatal depression in Addis Ababa Public Health Centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Madwalabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia. abe_birr@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abera
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biratu
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. demewozhaile@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Demewoz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haile
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors