title: The relation between insulin resistance and lung function: a cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired lung function and insulin resistance have been associated and thereby have also been indicated to be powerful predictors of cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, the co-existence of insulin resistance and impaired lung function accompanied with cardiovascular risk factors should induce cardiovascular mortality even in patients without known respiratory disease in a cumulative pattern. It could be useful to determine the lung function of patients with insulin resistance in order to decrease cardiovascular mortality by means of taking measures that minimize the risk of decline in lung function. However, no prior studies have been done on association between insulin resistance and lung function in adults in Turkey. We aimed to determine if insulin resistance plays a detrimental role in lung function in outpatients admitted to internal medicine clinics in adults from Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 171 outpatients (mean ± SD) age: 43.1 ± 11.9) years) admitted to internal medicine clinics were included in this single-center cross-sectional study, and were divided into patients with (n = 63, mean ± SD) age: 43.2 ± 12.5) years, 83.5 % female) or without (n = 108, mean ± SD) age: 43.0 ± 11.6) years, 93.5 % female) insulin resistance. All patients were non-smokers. Data on gender, age, anthropometrics, blood pressure, blood biochemistry, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and lung function tests were collected in each patient. Correlates of insulin resistance were determined via logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin resistance was present in 36.8 % of patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed an increase in the likelihood of having insulin resistance of 1.07 times with every 1-point increase in waist circumference, 1.01 times with every 1-point increase in triglycerides, 0.93 times with every 1-point decrease in HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and 0.86 times with every 1-point decrease in percentage of FEV1/FVC pre (FEV1%pre: Forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration for predicted values; FVC%pre.: Forced vital capacity for predicted values).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance should also be considered amongst the contributing factors for decline in lung function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. gulsagun@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sagun
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Disease, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. drcanangedik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gedik
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. dr.esra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. drengindhly@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. mumtaztakir@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mumtaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takir
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. aytekinoguz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008450:Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides