title: Development of a novel hybrid strategy for transcatheter pulmonary valve placement in patients following transannular patch repair of tetralogy of fallot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (tPVR) is an accepted therapy for treatment of dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) conduits. At present, the majority of Fallot patients who undergo transannular patch (TAP) repair are not candidates for tPVR due to the large irregular nature of their RVOT. Herein, we describe a novel approach to assessing the RVOT in this group, which may then be used to design, test, and carry out hybrid RVOT modification and transcatheter valve implantation in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of TAP patients who underwent 3D modeling of the RVOT which was then used to develop individualized hybrid procedures designed to modify the RVOT, thereby rendering patients suitable for transcatheter valve implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight consecutive patients underwent 3D RVOT modeling followed by hybrid implantation of a transcatheter valve via a perventricular approach. A landing zone stent was placed in all and four required additional intravascular geometric remodeling of the RVOT prior to valve implant. Transcatheter valves were successfully implanted in all. There were no instances of valve malposition, embolization, or death. There was one minor procedural complication. No patient had more than trivial pulmonary regurgitation at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a hybrid approach to remodel the RVOT in TAP patients supported by preprocedural 3D-model planning allows for successful tPVR implantation in this population. A larger cohort and longer follow-up will be needed to determine the ultimate utility of this approach.
authors.affiliation: The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Alistair B M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nevin
authors.affiliation: The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Avni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olshove
authors.affiliation: The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Ruchira
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Evan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: congenital; pulmonary valve; tetralogy Fallot