title: Cardioprotective Effect of Phenytoin on Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Toxicity in a Rat Model.
abstract: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent, but adverse cardiotoxic effects limit its use. Compounds reducing DOX cardiotoxicity could improve its therapeutic index. This study investigated the protective effects of phenytoin (Phen) for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups to receive either saline, DOX (2 mg/kg per 48 hours, 6 doses, intraperitoneally) or DOX + Phen (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/d, starting 4 days before DOX, intraperitoneally). The animals were assessed 24 hours after the last injection. Left ventricular (LV) function and hemodynamic parameters were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography, and a Millar pressure catheter. Histopathological studies were performed, and the effect of Phen on the cytotoxicity of DOX was evaluated in vitro for the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line. DOX-impaired LV function significantly decreased the LV systolic and diastolic pressures, rate of rise/decrease of LV pressure, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and contractility index. DOX caused structural changes in myocardial cells. Treatment with Phen decreased DOX-induced toxicity, significantly improved ventricular function, and ameliorated structural changes in the myocardium. Phen also did not interfere with the antitumor effect of DOX. The results confirm the cardioprotective effect of Phen against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy without removing antitumor effect of DOX.
authors.affiliation: *Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; †Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; ‡School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; §Department of Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; and ¶School of Veterinary, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Razmaraii
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohajjel Nayebi
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asadnasab
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashrafi Helan
authors.forename: Yadollah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Azarmi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D010672:Phenytoin; D004317:Doxorubicin