title: Acute and sub-chronic (28 days) oral toxicity evaluation of tincture Baccharis trimera (Less) Backer in male and female rodent animals.
abstract: The infusion of Baccharis trimera (Less) DC, popularly known as "carqueja" (broom), is popularly used in the treatment of hepatic and digestive problems. In this study, we evaluated the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicities of B. trimera tincture on male and female Wistar rats according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, guidelines 423 e 407, respectively). The B. trimera tincture was administered by oral gavage in a single dose (2000 mg/kg) in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 28 days. Blood was collected to analyze hematological and biochemical parameters. Kidneys and liver were homogenized to determine lipid peroxidation and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. In acute treatment, tincture did not induce any signs of toxicity or mortality. Daily oral administration produced no significant changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters, except for the hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) that showed a reduction in both sexes. Moreover, the B. trimera tincture did not increase lipid peroxidation or affected ALA-D and CAT activities. In conclusion, the tincture of B. trimera may be considered relatively safe in this protocol.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: andreiaregina_silva@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Andreia R H
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Reginato
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camille G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Guex
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kássia C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Figueredo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: da C Araldi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robson B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Pesquisa Fitoquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Pesquisa Fitoquímica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilberti H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hübscher
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de F Bauermann
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D031175:Baccharis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000097:blood; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase
keywords: Acute toxicity; Baccharis trimera; Rats; Sub-chronic toxicity; Tincture