title: Application of novel anodized titanium for enhanced recruitment of H9C2 cardiac myoblast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anodized treated titanium surfaces, have been proposed as potential surfaces with better cell attachment capacities. We have investigated the adhesion and proliferation properties of H9C2 cardiac myoblasts on anodized treated titanium surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface topography and anodized tubules were examined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Control and test substrates were inserted to the bottom of 24-well tissue culture plates. Culture media including H9C2 cells were loaded on the surface of substrate and control wells at the second passage. Evaluation of cell growth, proliferation, viability and surface cytotoxicity was performed using MTT test. After 48 hr, some samples were inspected by SEM. DAPI-staining was used to count attached cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTT results for cells cultured on anodized titanium and unanodized titanium surfaces was equal to 1.56 and 0.55 fold change compared to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The surface had no cytotoxic effects on cells. The average cell attachment to TCPS, unanodized and anodized titanium surface was 2497±40.16, 1250±20.11 and 4859.5±54.173, respectively. Cell adhesion to anodized titanium was showed 1.95 and 3.89 fold increase compared to TCPS and unanodized titanium, respectively (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anodized titanium surfaces can be potentially applied for enhanced recruitment of H9C2 cells. This unique property makes these inexpensive anodized surfaces as a candidate surface for attachment of cardiac cells and consequently for cardiac regeneration purposes.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Heart failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohaddeseh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behjati
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Consultancy and Development Center (NCDC), Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi
keywords: Anodized titanium; Cell attachment; H9C2 cardiac myoblast; Surface cytotoxicity