title: The association between systemic oxidative stress and ocular blood flow in patients with normal-tension glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between ocular blood flow and biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress, as well as the potential of these biomarkers to assess normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 73 eyes of 73 patients with NTG. We assessed ocular blood flow by measuring mean blur rate (MBR) in the optic nerve head using laser speckle flowgraphy, both overall and separately in the vessel and tissue areas. We also measured urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and skin autofluorescence (SAF), and lastly, determined correlations between these measurements and with other clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAF was correlated with age, circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), mean deviation (MD), and overall MBR (P = 0.003, P = 0.013, P = 0.015 and P = 0.006, respectively). SAF and 8-OHdG were both correlated with tissue-area MBR (P = 0.006 and P = 0.010, respectively). Visual acuity, cpRNFLT, mean deviation and tissue-area MBR had a significant tendency to change with NTG severity (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that cpRNFLT and 8-OHdG were independent contributing factors to MD (P < 0.001 and P = 0.040, respectively), and that cpRNFLT and 8-OHdG were independent contributing factors to tissue-area MBR (P = 0.005 and P = 0.028, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a close relationship between cpRNFLT, MD, tissue MBR, SAF and 8-OHdG, suggesting that systemic oxidative stress is associated with decreased ocular blood flow and may be involved in the pathogenesis of NTG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Himori
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.|Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunikata
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omodaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. ntoru@oph.med.tohoku.ac.jp.|Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. ntoru@oph.med.tohoku.ac.jp.|Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. ntoru@oph.med.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003404:Creatinine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: 8-OHdG; Laser speckle flowgraphy; Normal tension glaucoma; Oxidative stress; Skin autofluorescence