title: Significance of a minor high-grade component in a low-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma of bladder.
abstract: To assess the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of the presence of 5% or less high-grade component in otherwise low-grade noninvasive bladder urothelial carcinoma, referred to as mixed-grade (MG) urothelial carcinoma, we reviewed all archival cases with such diagnosis between 2005 and 2014. Clinicopathological and outcome parameters were compared to those in our previously reported low- and high-grade noninvasive bladder urothelial carcinoma cohorts (LGUC and HGUC, respectively). The study included 31 MG urothelial carcinomas. Mean patient age was 67.6 years, and mean follow-up was 39.7 months. Intravesical treatment was administered in 15 patients (48.4%). Recurrence occurred in 14 cases (45.2%): 10 as LGUC and 4 as HGUC; there was no stage progression. Mean time to progression was 9 months (5-17 months), and there was no death of disease. MG urothelial carcinoma stage progression and dead of disease rates were comparable to that of LGUC. MG urothelial carcinoma stage progression was significantly lower than that of HGUC, P = .002, using Pearson χ(2) test. MG urothelial carcinoma patients with no intravesical treatment had higher incidence rate of grade progression (25%) compared to LGUC patients (7.9%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. MG urothelial carcinoma had a prognosis closer to "pure" LGUC than "pure" HGUC. Untreated MG urothelial carcinoma may have a higher rate of grade progression than LGUC, although more data are needed before this issue can be definitively addressed. Until such data are available, it is reasonable to keep MG urothelial carcinoma as a distinct grade category with potential management implications.
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD; Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Leonardo O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Scientific Research, Norte University, Asunción, 1614, Paraguay.
authors.forename: Alcides
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaux
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Gunes
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendoza Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD; Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Trinity J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD; Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD; Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: gnetto1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Netto
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015653:Cystectomy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine
keywords: High grade; Intravesical treatment; Low grade; Mixed; Non-invasive urothelial carcinoma; Progression; pTa