title: Are All Dentiform Teeth with Simulated Caries the Same? A Six-Year Retrospective Study in Preclinical Operative Dentistry.
abstract: Dentiform teeth with simulated caries (DTSC), frequently used in preclinical courses, should show no variability in the amount of simulated caries from tooth to tooth. However, the level of caries variability among DTSC is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the variation in simulated caries levels in one group of DTSC and determine whether variation among DTSC impacted the preclinical performance of dental students. In the study, 80 commercially available mandibular first molar DTSC with simulated mesio-occluso-distal caries were sectioned in coronal (n=40) and sagittal (n=40) planes where the caries depth/width was greatest. Section images were analyzed for variation in levels of simulated caries using image-processing software. Three years of practical performance data using DTSC were compared with three years of practical performance data using dentiform teeth without simulated caries, for a total of six years (students' performance on two exams, Practical 1 and Practical 2). The results showed that 70% of the coronally sectioned teeth had manufacturing defects that resulted in caries overextension at the dentino-enamel junctions (DEJs). Overextensions were found at the DEJ in 41.3% of the sagittally sectioned teeth. There was a statistically significant decrease in Practical 1 performance of the students who used DTSC as compared with students who used teeth without simulated caries (p=0.0001); there was no statistically significant difference on Practical 2 performance. Of the DTSC evaluated in this study, 56.6% contained manufacturing defects, and more than 80% were found to have excessive caries variation. Prediction of which DTSC will have caries overextension is not possible. Students preparing DTSC that contain caries overextension are therefore at increased risk of receiving undeserved negative summative assessment on practical examinations.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Delgado is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Dr. Walter is Clinical Associate Professor and DDS3 Group Director, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. Behar-Horenstein is Distinguished Teaching Scholar and Professor, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education and Affiliate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dental Education, University of Florida; and Dr. Boushell is Associate Professor, Program Director of Graduate Operative Dentistry, Director of Introduction to Graduate Operative Dentistry, and Director of Conservative Operative Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. adelgado@dental.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Dr. Delgado is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Dr. Walter is Clinical Associate Professor and DDS3 Group Director, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. Behar-Horenstein is Distinguished Teaching Scholar and Professor, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education and Affiliate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dental Education, University of Florida; and Dr. Boushell is Associate Professor, Program Director of Graduate Operative Dentistry, Director of Introduction to Graduate Operative Dentistry, and Director of Conservative Operative Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Dr. Delgado is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Dr. Walter is Clinical Associate Professor and DDS3 Group Director, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. Behar-Horenstein is Distinguished Teaching Scholar and Professor, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education and Affiliate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dental Education, University of Florida; and Dr. Boushell is Associate Professor, Program Director of Graduate Operative Dentistry, Director of Introduction to Graduate Operative Dentistry, and Director of Conservative Operative Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Behar-Horenstein
authors.affiliation: Dr. Delgado is Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Dr. Walter is Clinical Associate Professor and DDS3 Group Director, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. Behar-Horenstein is Distinguished Teaching Scholar and Professor, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education and Affiliate Professor, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dental Education, University of Florida; and Dr. Boushell is Associate Professor, Program Director of Graduate Operative Dentistry, Director of Introduction to Graduate Operative Dentistry, and Director of Conservative Operative Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Lee W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Boushell
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D003814:Dentistry, Operative / Q000193:education*; D004497:Education, Dental; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D003765:Models, Dental / Q000592:standards*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D013499:Surface Properties; D013664:Teaching Materials / Q000592:standards*
keywords: clinical skills; dental caries; dental education; dentiform teeth; operative dentistry