title: Detection of Keratoconus in Clinically and Algorithmically Topographically Normal Fellow Eyes Using Epithelial Thickness Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of a keratoconus-detection algorithm derived from Artemis very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound (ArcScan Inc., Morrison, CO) epithelial thickness maps in the fellow eye from a series of patients with unilateral keratoconus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 10 patients with moderate to advanced keratoconus in one eye but a clinically and algorithmically topographically normal fellow eye. VHF digital ultrasound epithelial thickness data were acquired and a previously developed classification model was applied for identification of keratoconus to the clinically normal fellow eyes. Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) Belin-Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display "D" score (BAD-D) data (5 of 10 eyes), and Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) SCORE data (9 of 10 eyes) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the 10 fellow eyes were classified as keratoconic by the VHF digital ultrasound epithelium model. Five of 9 fellow eyes were classified as keratoconic by the SCORE model. For the 5 fellow eyes with Pentacam and VHF digital ultrasound data, one was classified as keratoconic by the VHF digital ultrasound model, one (different) eye by a combined VHF digital ultrasound and Pentacam model, and none by BAD-D alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the assumption that keratoconus is a bilateral but asymmetric disease, half of the 'normal' fellow eyes could be found to have keratoconus using epithelial thickness maps. The Orbscan SCORE or the combination of topographic BAD-D criteria with epithelial maps did not perform better.
authors.forename: Dan Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Reinstein
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Raksha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urs
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbe
authors.forename: Arindam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: RoyChoudhury
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000473:pathology; D019781:Corneal Topography; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic