title: Preventive Effect of Hydrogen Water on the Development of Detrusor Overactivity in a Rat Model of Bladder Outlet Obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bladder ischemia and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of bladder dysfunction caused by bladder outlet obstruction. H2 reportedly acts as an effective antioxidant. We investigated whether oral ingestion of H2 water would have a beneficial effect on bladder function in a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  H2 water was made by dissolving H2 gas in ordinary drinking water using a hydrogen water producing apparatus. The bladder outlet obstruction model was surgically induced in male rats. Rats with obstruction were fed H2 water or ordinary drinking water. On week 4 postoperatively cystometry was performed. Oxidative stress markers and the bladder nerve growth factor level were determined. Bladder tissues were processed for pharmacological studies and histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The micturition interval and micturition volume significantly decreased in obstructed rats given ordinary drinking water. These decreases were significantly suppressed by oral ingestion of H2 water. Increased post-void residual volume in obstructed rats was significantly reduced by H2 water. Obstruction led to a significant increase in bladder weight, oxidative stress markers and nerve growth factor. H2 water significantly suppressed these increases without affecting bladder weight. There was no significant difference in histological findings between rats with bladder obstruction given H2 water and ordinary drinking water. Decreased responses of detrusor muscle strips from obstructed bladders to KCl, carbachol and electrical field stimulation were reversed by H2 water ingestion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that H2 water could ameliorate bladder dysfunction secondary to bladder outlet obstruction by attenuating oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan. Electronic address: m-nozomu@ee.ce.nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen
keywords: bladder neck obstruction; drinking water; hydrogen; oxidative stress; urethra