title: Targeted Therapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Combating a Stubborn Disease.
abstract: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) constitute a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancers that have a poor clinical outcome. Although no approved targeted therapy is available for TNBCs, molecular-profiling efforts have revealed promising molecular targets, with several candidate compounds having now entered clinical trials for TNBC patients. However, initial results remain modest, thereby highlighting challenges potentially involving intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity and acquisition of therapy resistance. We present a comprehensive review on emerging targeted therapies for treating TNBCs, including the promising approach of immunotherapy and the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We discuss the impact of pathway rewiring in the acquisition of drug resistance, and the prospect of employing combination therapy strategies to overcome challenges towards identifying clinically-viable targeted treatment options for TNBC.
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia. Electronic address: Murugan.Kalimutho@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Murugan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalimutho
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 411, Australia.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 411, Australia; Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
authors.forename: J Alejandro
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Sriganesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srihari
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 411, Australia. Electronic address: KumKum.Khanna@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kum Kum
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology