title: Peripheral oxidative stress markers in diabetes-related dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously found that there was a dementia subgroup with characteristics predominantly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM)-related metabolic abnormalities, referred to as "diabetes-related dementia (DrD)." We determined the possible role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of DrD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 2013 study, we classified 175 patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and DM into four subgroups based on brain imaging. Among them, we measured endogenous plasma anti-oxidants, such as albumin, unconjugated bilirubin and uric acid, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane in 58 patients of an AD group showing decreased regional cerebral blood flow of the parietotemporal lobe on single-photon emission computed tomography (AD+DM group), and in 35 patients of a DrD group showing neither decreased regional cerebral blood flow of the parietotemporal lobe nor cerebrovascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging, which is strongly associated with DM-related factors. A total of 31 patients with AD and without DM (AD-DM group) were enrolled as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DrD group showed a significant decrease in plasma levels of anti-oxidants, and a significant increase in urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane levels in contrast to the AD-DM and AD+DM groups. Cognitive performance was negatively correlated with urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane levels in the DrD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggest that a decrease in anti-oxidant levels and an increase in oxidative damage might be involved in the pathophysiology and cognitive decline associated with DrD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1312-1318.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Raita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; anti-oxidants; diabetes mellitus; diabetes-related dementia; oxidative stress