title: Randomized Comparison of Mobile and Web-Tools to Provide Dementia Risk Reduction Education: Use, Engagement and Participant Satisfaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encouraging middle-aged adults to maintain their physical and cognitive health may have a significant impact on reducing the prevalence of dementia in the future. Mobile phone apps and interactive websites may be one effective way to target this age group. However, to date there has been little research investigating the user experience of dementia risk reduction tools delivered in this way.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore participant engagement and evaluations of three different targeted smartphone and Web-based dementia risk reduction tools following a four-week intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed a Web-based screening questionnaire to collect eligibility information. Eligible participants were asked to complete a Web-based baseline questionnaire and were then randomly assigned to use one of the three dementia risk reduction tools for a period of four weeks: (1) a mobile phone application; (2) an information-based website; and (3) an interactive website. User evaluations were obtained via a Web-based follow-up questionnaire after completion of the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 415 eligible participants, 370 (89.16%) completed the baseline questionnaire and were assigned to an intervention group; 200 (54.05%) completed the post-intervention questionnaire. The average age of participants was 52 years, and 149 (75%) were female. Findings indicated that participants from all three intervention groups reported a generally positive impression of the tools across a range of domains. Participants using the information-based website reported higher ratings of their overall impression of the tool, F2,191=4.12, P=.02; how interesting the information was, F2,189=3.53, P=.03; how helpful the information was, F2,192=4.15, P=.02; and how much they learned, F2,188=3.86, P=.02. Group differences were significant between the mobile phone app and information-based website users, but not between the interactive website users and the other two groups. Additionally, participants using the information-based website reported significantly higher scores on their ratings of the ease of navigation, F2,190=4.20, P=.02, than those using the mobile phone app and the interactive website. There were no significant differences between groups on ratings of ease of understanding the information, F2,188=0.27, P=.76. Most participants from each of the three intervention groups indicated that they intended to keep using the dementia risk reduction eHealth tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, results indicated that while participants across all three intervention groups reported a generally positive experience with the targeted dementia risk reduction tools, participants using the information-based website provided a more favorable evaluation across a range of areas than participants using the mobile phone app. Further research is required to investigate whether targeted dementia risk reduction tools, in the form of interactive websites and mobile apps, can be improved to provide benefits above those gained by providing static information alone.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Australia Parkville Australia.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6194-481X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Australia Parkville Australia ; Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing The Australian National University Canberra Australia.
authors.forename: Maree
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0302-9426
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farrow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing The Australian National University Canberra Australia ; Alzheimer's Australia Scullin Australia.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5672-8242
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hatherly
keywords: Alzheimer; Internet; dementia; engagement; health communication; intervention; mhealth; mobile phone; risk reduction behavior; user perceptions