title: Haemodynamic response associated with both ictal and interictal epileptiform activity using simultaneous video electroencephalography/near infrared spectroscopy in a within-subject study.
abstract: This paper reports the findings from a pilot study of four patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing pre-surgical evaluation with ages ranging from 5 to 17 years. Video electroencephalography recordings and data from a near infrared spectroscopy cerebral/somatic oximeter were gathered and related to electrographic seizure onset and offset as determined by a paediatric epileptologist. All four patients showed haemodynamic changes associated with epileptiform activities. The increased blood flow clearly coincided with epileptiform activity and continued to increase as the epileptiform activity built up. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation increased in the epileptogenic focus, perhaps due to loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation. These findings reinforce that near infrared spectroscopy can potentially be used in a wide spectrum of patients with epilepsy regardless of the underlying brain pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sannagowdara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bozarth
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Sugandha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhosrekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hecox
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nwosu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Aniko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prigge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Russ
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Briana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Whelan
keywords: brain oxygen consumption; cerebrovascular autoregulation; electroencephalography; epilepsy; haemodynamic response; ictal; interictal; monitoring oxygen; near infrared spectroscopy; oxygen saturation; seizure