title: The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blockers in Psoriatic Disease. Therapeutic Options in Psoriatic Arthritis.
abstract: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting peripheral and axial joints, usually associated with psoriasis (PsO) and involving various systems and organs (eye inflammation, such as uveitis; and involvement of nail and enthesis), and it usually requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is overexpressed in psoriatic synovium and skin plaques and its selective inhibition by anti-TNF-α agents has been demonstrated to reduce TNF-α levels in the articular environment, reversing the synovial hyperproliferative phenotype. Studies performed on anti-TNF-α agents in PsA demonstrated that they are able to reduce neutrophil and macrophage infiltration as well as vascular cell adhesion protein 1 expression with ensuing synovial thickness normalization. The efficacy of anti-TNF-α agents for all PsA manifestations (peripheral arthritis, axial involvement, enthesopathy, and skin disease) suggests that anti-TNF-α efficacy might be related to the ability to influence angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, reduce synovial inflammation, and slow radiological disease progression. This review describes the role of anti-TNF-α in each manifestation of PsA.
authors.affiliation: From the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN; and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Italy.O. Addimanda, MD; N. Possemato, MD; A. Caruso, MD; N. Pipitone, MD, PhD; C. Salvarani, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico. olga.addimanda@asmn.re.it.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Addimanda
authors.affiliation: From the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN; and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Italy.O. Addimanda, MD; N. Possemato, MD; A. Caruso, MD; N. Pipitone, MD, PhD; C. Salvarani, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico.
authors.forename: Niccolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Possemato
authors.affiliation: From the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN; and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Italy.O. Addimanda, MD; N. Possemato, MD; A. Caruso, MD; N. Pipitone, MD, PhD; C. Salvarani, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.affiliation: From the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN; and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Italy.O. Addimanda, MD; N. Possemato, MD; A. Caruso, MD; N. Pipitone, MD, PhD; C. Salvarani, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico.
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pipitone
authors.affiliation: From the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN; and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Italy.O. Addimanda, MD; N. Possemato, MD; A. Caruso, MD; N. Pipitone, MD, PhD; C. Salvarani, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvarani
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D012074:Remission Induction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α; CLINICAL RESPONSE; PATHOGENESIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION