title: Conditional Beliefs of Primary-Care Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) aims to reframe underlying conditional beliefs that are thought to maintain depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To systematically explore conditional beliefs expressed by primary-care based patients with TRD, defined as non-response to at least 6 weeks of antidepressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conditional beliefs (stated in an "If. . .then. . ." format) were extracted from a random sample of 50 sets of therapist notes from the CoBalT trial, a large randomized controlled trial of CBT for TRD in primary care. The beliefs were separated into their two constituent parts; the demands (Ifs) and consequences (thens). An approach based on framework analysis provided a systematic way of organizing the data, and identifying key themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four main themes emerged from the demand part of the conditional beliefs (Ifs): 1. High standards; 2. Putting others first/needing approval; 3. Coping; and 4. Hiding "true" self. Three main themes emerged from the consequence part of the conditional beliefs (thens): 1. Defectiveness; 2. Responses of others; 3. Control of emotions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identifying common themes in the conditional beliefs of patients with TRD adds to our clinical understanding of this client group, providing useful information to facilitate the complex process of collaborative case conceptualization and working with conditional beliefs within CBT interventions.
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol,UK.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burrage
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol,UK.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol,UK.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford,UK.
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuyken
authors.affiliation: University of Glasgow,UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol,UK.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.affiliation: University College London,UK.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D061218:Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: CBT; Treatment-resistant depression; chronic depression; conditional beliefs