title: Transplacental Transfer of Interleukin-1 Receptor Agonist and Antagonist Following Maternal Immune Activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prenatal exposure to inflammation increases the incidence of neonatal brain injury. This raise the question whether maternally produced cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1 elevated in pathological pregnancies and known to alter fetal development, can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus directly.
  
  
  METHODS
  We addressed if IL-1 agonist/antagonist could cross the placenta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiolabelled-IL-1 injected maternally reached the fetus in minimal amount. 3% of the amount detected within the placenta was transferred into the fetal liver and less than 1% recovered in the fetal brain 30 min after the injection Importantly, transfer of IL-1 was not affected by maternal exposure to LPS. Maternal administration of IL-1 receptor antagonist also reached the fetus in low concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that minimal amount of maternally produced IL-1 family members cross the placental barrier. Their negative effects are likely indirect, through their deleterious placental actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.|Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sebire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D021041:Placental Circulation; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1
keywords: Cytokines; inflammation; placenta; transplacental transfer