title: Combined use of progesterone inserts, ultrasongraphy, and GnRH to identify and resynchronize nonpregnant cows and heifers 21 days after timed artificial insemination.
abstract: The objective was to decrease the reinsemination interval (RI) when dairy cows and heifers are inseminated using all timed artificial insemination (TAI) programs. Holstein cows (n = 211) and heifers (n = 153) were randomly assigned to a control or 21-day Resynch (21dRES) at 13 days after TAI. Animals in 21dRES (n = 109 cows and 77 heifers) had a progesterone device inserted on Day 13 and removed on Day 20 after TAI and ovaries scanned by ultrasonography. Animals found not to have an active CL (<15 mm) or a CL that decreased 10 mm or greater from Days 13 to 20, and to have a follicle of 12 mm or greater received GnRH and TAI on Day 21. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on Day 32. Nonpregnant control cows (n = 102) were resynchronized immediately using Ovsynch-56, and control heifers (n = 76) were resynchronized using 5-day Cosynch starting on Day 34; therefore, cows and heifers were reinseminated on Day 42. Nonpregnant 21dRES animals that had not been reinseminated on Day 21 were resynchronized concurrently with the control animals. Pregnancy per AI (PAI) for the initial TAI was similar (P = 0.80) for 21dRES and control cows (30.3% vs. 29.4%) and heifers (49.4% vs. 51.3%). Of the nonpregnant 21dRES animals, 33 of 76 cows (43.4%) and 22 of 39 heifers (56.4%) had been reinseminated on Day 21. Therefore, the RI was decreased by 9.9 days (33.3 ± 1.0 vs. 43.2 ± 1.0 days; P < 0.001) in 21dRES cows and by 12.2 days in 21dRES heifers (30.1 ± 1.3 vs. 42.3 ± 1.3 days; P < 0.001) compared with controls. The overall resynchronized PAI was similar for 21dRES cows compared with controls (31.6% vs. 25.0%; P = 0.23). The PAI was 24.2% for 21dRES cows reinseminated on Day 21 and 37.2% for 21dRES cows reinseminated on Day 42. The overall resynchronized PAI was increased for 21dRES heifers compared with controls (57.5% vs. 32.4%; P = 0.03) because 21dRES heifers reinseminated on Day 21 had similar PAI compared with controls (43.5% vs. 32.4%; P = 0.39), but PAI was increased for 21dRES heifers reinseminated on Day 42 compared with controls (76.5% vs. 32.4%; P = 0.003). Consequently, the proportion of animals pregnant from the initial and resynchronized TAI tended to be increased in 21dRES heifers (79.0% vs. 67.1%; P = 0.09). Cost per pregnancy was decreased for the 21dRES in heifers. In conclusion, 21dRES provided a useful method to decrease the RI in cows and heifers, and to increase PAI and decrease cost per pregnancy in heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibarbia
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bittar
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Risco
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: J E P
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Electronic address: galvaok@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Galvão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Early resynchronization; Progesterone insert; Reinsemination interval; Timed artificial insemination; Ultrasonography