title: Simulation Strategies to Teach Patient Transfers: Self-Efficacy by Strategy.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of transfer training-after training in the classroom and in the high-technology simulation laboratory (WISER Center)-on students' perceptions of their self-efficacy for knowledge, skill, and safety in executing dependent transfers.
  
  
  
  After classroom training, occupational therapy students were randomized to three teaching groups on the basis of the amount of participation and observation opportunities provided at the WISER Center-observation dominant, participation dominant, and participation only.
  
  
  
  The participation-dominant group reported an increase in knowledge self-efficacy over time compared with the observation-dominant and participation-only groups. Over time, self-efficacy ratings increased for all students, regardless of group.
  
  
  
  Simulation scenarios implemented at the WISER Center provided a useful adjunct to classroom training in transfer skills. Both participatory and observational experiences contributed to the development of students' perceptions of their ability to manage acutely ill and medically complex patients.
authors.affiliation: Joanne M. Baird, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.affiliation: Ketki D. Raina, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Ketki D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.affiliation: Joan C. Rogers, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Professor Emeritus, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Joan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: John O'Donnell, DrPH, MSN, CRNA, is Professor, Department of Nurse Anesthesia, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.affiliation: Lauren Terhorst, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terhorst
authors.affiliation: Margo B. Holm, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, ABDA, is Professor Emerita, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; mbholm@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Margo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Holm