title: Temporal dynamics of the metabolically active rumen bacteria colonizing fresh perennial ryegrass.
abstract: This study investigated successional colonization of fresh perennial ryegrass (PRG) by the rumen microbiota over time. Fresh PRG was incubated in sacco in the rumens of three Holstein × Friesian cows over a period of 8 h, with samples recovered at various times. The diversity of attached bacteria was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA (cDNA). Results showed that plant epiphytic communities either decreased to low relative abundances or disappeared following rumen incubation, and that temporal colonization of the PRG by the rumen bacteria was biphasic with primary (1 and 2 h) and secondary (4-8 h) events evident with the transition period being with 2-4 h. A decrease in sequence reads pertaining to Succinivibrio spp. and increases in Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia and Ruminococcus spp. (the latter all order Clostridiales) were evident during secondary colonization. Irrespective of temporal changes, the continually high abundances of Butyrivibrio, Fibrobacter, Olsenella and Prevotella suggest that they play a major role in the degradation of the plant. It is clear that a temporal understanding of the functional roles of these microbiota within the rumen is now required to unravel the role of these bacteria in the ruminal degradation of fresh PRG.
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK sharon.huws@aber.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Huws
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Joan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Creevey
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rees Stevens
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Wanchang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Girdwood
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pachebat
authors.affiliation: Animal and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK.
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kingston-Smith
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D045856:Butyrivibrio / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D045848:Fibrobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008129:Lolium / Q000382:microbiology*; D018720:Prevotella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D045857:Ruminococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D044063:Succinivibrionaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 16S; RNA; bacteria; metagenome; microbiome; perennial ryegrass; rumen