title: The safety of hormonal contraceptives for women living with HIV and their sexual partners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hormonal contraceptives are important for the health and well-being of some women living with HIV, so evaluation of evidence regarding their safety vis-à-vis HIV-related risks is important.
  
  
  METHODS
  We updated two prior systematic reviews on the impact of hormonal contraception (HC) on HIV disease progression and female-to-male HIV transmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One new study finds no increased risk for HIV disease progression or death associated with oral contraceptive use [adjusted (adj) hazard ratio (HR) 0.83, confidence interval [CI] 0.48-1.44] or injectables (adj HR 0.72, CI 0.53-0.98). Three new studies did not find significantly increased risks for measures of female-to-male HIV transmission with HC use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormonal contraceptive methods do not appear to accelerate HIV disease progression. More research is needed to clarify whether HC impacts HIV transmissibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Polis
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D012747:Sexual Partners
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal
keywords: HIV; Hormonal contraception; injectable contraceptives; oral contraceptives