title: Comparison of Glomerular Transcriptome Profiles of Adult-Onset Steroid Sensitive Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Minimal Change Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search for biomarkers to differentiate primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We isolated glomeruli from kidney biopsies of 6 patients with adult-onset steroid sensitiveFSGS and 5 patients with MCD, and compared the profiles of glomerular transcriptomes between the two groups of patients using microarray analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of differential expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that up-regulated DEGs in FSGS patients compared with MCD patients were primarily involved in spermatogenesis, gamete generation, regulation of muscle contraction, response to unfolded protein, cell proliferation and skeletal system development. The down-regulated DEGs were primarily related to metabolic process, intracellular transport, oxidation/reduction andestablishment of intracellular localization. We validated the expression of the top 6 up-regulated and top 6 down-regulated DEGs using real-time PCR. Membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME) is a down-regulated gene that was previously identified as a key gene for kidney development. Immunostaining confirmed that the protein expression of MME decreased significantly in FSGS kidneys compared with MCD kidneys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report was the first study to examine transcriptomes in Chinese patients with various glomerular diseases. Expressions of MME both in RNA and protein level decreased significantly in glomeruli of FSGS kidneys compared with MCD kidneys. Our data suggested that MME might play a role in the normal physiological function of podocytes and a decrease in MME expression might be related to podocyte injury. We also identified genes and pathways specific for FSGS versus MCD, and our data could help identify potential new biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between these two diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.|Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Weijia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chengguo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.|Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Gene Research and Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Danfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.|Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: John Cijiang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.|Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers