title: Heat Shock Factor 1 Deficiency Affects Systemic Body Temperature Regulation.
abstract: Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a ubiquitous heat-sensitive transcription factor that mediates heat shock protein transcription in response to cellular stress, such as increased temperature, in order to protect the organism against misfolded proteins. In this study, we analysed the effect of HSF1 deficiency on core body temperature regulation.
  
  
  
  Body temperature, locomotor activity, and food consumption of wild-type mice and HSF1-deficient mice were recorded. Prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were measured by ELISA. Gene expression in brown adipose tissue was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Hypothalamic HSF1 and its co-localisation with tyrosine hydroxylase was analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  
  HSF1-deficient mice showed an increase in core body temperature (hyperthermia), decreased overall locomotor activity, and decreased levels of prolactin in pituitary and blood plasma reminiscent of cold adaptation. HSF1 could be detected in various hypothalamic regions involved in temperature regulation, suggesting a potential role of HSF1 in hypothalamic thermoregulation. Moreover, HSF1 co-localises with tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, suggesting a potential role of HSF1 in the hypothalamic control of prolactin release. In brown adipose tissue, levels of prolactin receptor and uncoupled protein 1 were increased in HSF1-deficient mice, consistent with an up-regulation of heat production.
  
  
  
  Our data suggest a role of HSF1 in systemic thermoregulation.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingenwerth
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noichl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stahr
authors.forename: Horst-Werner
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Korf
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinke
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Gall
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; C490017:Hsf1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase