title: Neuroprotective effect of Valeriana wallichii rhizome extract against the neurotoxin MPTP in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation are some of the contributing factors for dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Though Valeriana wallichii D.C. is known for its nervine activities its effect against PD is yet to be studied. This is the first report on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of V. wallichii rhizome extract (VWE) in MPTP induced PD mice. GC-MS analysis of VWE indicated the presence of phytoconstituents like isovaleric acid and acacetin. PD induced mice were treated orally with three different doses (50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight (BW)) of VWE for 14 days and their behavioural changes were studied on days 0, 8, 13 and 21. The levels of striatal dopamine, mid brain tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH(+)) cell count, TH protein expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines were analysed. Mid brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Also mid brain histopathological analysis was performed. VWE treatment significantly recuperated the altered behavioural test scores, striatal dopamine levels, mid brain TH(+) cell count and TH protein levels, increased GFAP expression and the histopathological changes observed in PD mice. Similarly, diminished levels of antioxidants, elevated levels of ROS, LPO and inflammatory cytokines were also significantly ameliorated following VWE treatment. The effective dose of VWE was found to be 200mg/kg BW. Conclusively, V. wallichii rhizome extract has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
authors.forename: Subhashree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
authors.forename: Kumaravel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohankumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
authors.forename: Syam Praveen Kumar
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jeepipalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry 605006, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sankaramourthy
authors.affiliation: Virology Laboratory-II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India.
authors.forename: Larance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ronsard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry 605006, India.
authors.forename: Kavimani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, India.
authors.forename: Manivasagam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thamilarasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry 605009, India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry 605009, India.
authors.forename: Varshney Khub
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India. Electronic address: dr.ssrlab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sudha Rani
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sadras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014632:Valerian / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Antioxidants; Dopamine; MPTP; Parkinson's disease; Tyrosine hydroxylase; Valeriana wallichii D.C.