title: The rural carbonaceous aerosols in coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles during haze pollution in northwestern China.
abstract: The carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in coarse particle (PM10: Dp ≤ 10 μm, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm), fine particle (PM2.5: Dp ≤ 2.5 μm), and ultrafine particle (PM0.133: Dp ≤ 0.133 μm) carbon fractions in a rural area were investigated during haze events in northwestern China. The results indicated that PM2.5 contributed a large fraction in PM10. OC (organic carbon) accounted for 33, 41, and 62 % of PM10, PM2.5, and PM0.133, and those were 2, 2.4, and 0.4 % for EC (elemental carbon) in a rural area, respectively. OC3 was more abundant than other organic carbon fractions in three PMs, and char dominated EC in PM10 and PM2.5 while soot dominated EC in PM0.133. The present study inferred that K(+), OP, and OC3 are good biomass burning tracers for rural PM10 and PM2.5, but not for PM0.133 during haze pollution. Our results suggest that biomass burning is likely to be an important contributor to rural PMs in northwestern China. It is necessary to establish biomass burning control policies for the mitigation of severe haze pollution in a rural area.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yan Xiang Road, Yan-ta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. chongshu@ieecas.cn.|SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China. chongshu@ieecas.cn.
authors.forename: Chong-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yan Xiang Road, Yan-ta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.|SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.|Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Ji
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Univ. Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chuen-Jinn
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yan Xiang Road, Yan-ta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.|SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Sui-Xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yan Xiang Road, Yan-ta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.|SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Jin
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yan Xiang Road, Yan-ta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.|SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ning-ning
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 97 Yan Xiang Road, Yan-ta Zone, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.|School of Tropical Eco-environment Protection, Hainan Tropical Marine University, Sanya, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D053260:Soot / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Elemental carbon; Organic carbon; Particulate matter (PM); Rural area