title: Diminished growth and lower adiposity in hyperglycemic very low birth weight neonates at 4 months corrected age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Characterize the relationship between neonatal hyperglycemia and growth and body composition at 4 months corrected age (CA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of VLBW appropriate-for-gestation infants (N=53). All blood glucose measurements in the first 14 days and nutritional intake and illness markers until discharge were recorded. Standard anthropometrics and body composition via air displacement plethysmography were measured near term CA and 4 months CA. Relationships between hyperglycemia and anthropometrics and body composition were examined using multivariate linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants with >5 days of hyperglycemia were lighter (5345 vs 6455 g, P⩽0.001), shorter (57.9 vs 60.9 cm, P⩽0.01), had smaller occipital-frontal head circumference (39.4 vs 42.0 cm, P⩽0.05) and were leaner (percent body fat 15.0 vs 23.8, P⩽0.01) at 4 months CA than those who did not have hyperglycemia, including after correcting for nutritional and illness factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal hyperglycemia in VLBW infants is associated with decreased body size and lower adiposity at 4 months CA independent of nutritional deficit, insulin use and illness. Downregulation of the growth hormone axis may be responsible. These changes may influence long-term growth and cognitive development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scheurer
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Demerath
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ramel
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin