title: Effect of a high fat diet on ovary morphology, in vitro development, in vitro fertilisation rate and oocyte quality in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on oocyte maturation and quality in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female BALB/c mice were allocated to one of the following groups: (a) control group (n = 40), which received a controlled diet; or (b) HFD group (n = 40), which received an HFD for 12 weeks. Sections of the ovary were examined histologically. The number of follicles and corpora lutea were counted. In vitro maturation and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were assessed in germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes, respectively. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and leptin receptor genes in GV and MII oocytes was evaluated using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HFD group, there was a decreased number of primordial and Graafian follicles, as well as corpora lutea (p < 0.05). The rate of oocyte development to the MII stage was also reduced (p < 0.001). Cumulus expansion was observed more frequently in the control group than the HFD group (p < 0.05). The IVF rate in the HFD group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In the HFD group, BMP15 and leptin receptor genes were upregulated in the GV stage (p > 0.05) and MII stage (p < 0.05), compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An HFD reduces folliculogenesis in the primordial and Graafian stages, in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilisation rates, as well as oocyte quality in mice.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.affiliation: Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amaneh Mohammadi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roushandeh
authors.affiliation: Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliasghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vahidinia
authors.affiliation: Department of English and Persian Literature, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrangiz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vahabian
authors.affiliation: Anatomical Sciences Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 / Q000378:metabolism; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000473:pathology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008677:Metaphase; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010781:Photography; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C525902:Bmp15 protein, mouse; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15; D054411:Receptors, Leptin
keywords: BMP15; fertility; high-fat diet; leptin receptor; oocyte