title: Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3-K27M Mutation: A Series of 47 Cases Assessing the Spectrum of Morphologic Variation and Associated Genetic Alterations.
abstract: Somatic mutations of the H3F3A and HIST1H3B genes encoding the histone H3 variants, H3.3 and H3.1, were recently identified in high-grade gliomas arising in the thalamus, pons and spinal cord of children and young adults. However, the complete range of patients and locations in which these tumors arise, as well as the morphologic spectrum and associated genetic alterations remain undefined. Here, we describe a series of 47 diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3-K27M mutation. The 25 male and 22 female patients ranged in age from 2 to 65 years (median = 14). Tumors were centered not only in the pons, thalamus, and spinal cord, but also in the third ventricle, hypothalamus, pineal region and cerebellum. Patients with pontine tumors were younger (median = 7 years) than those with thalamic (median = 24 years) or spinal (median = 25 years) tumors. A wide morphologic spectrum was encountered including gliomas with giant cells, epithelioid and rhabdoid cells, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)-like foci, neuropil-like islands, pilomyxoid features, ependymal-like areas, sarcomatous transformation, ganglionic differentiation and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)-like areas. In this series, histone H3-K27M mutation was mutually exclusive with IDH1 mutation and EGFR amplification, rarely co-occurred with BRAF-V600E mutation, and was commonly associated with p53 overexpression, ATRX loss (except in pontine gliomas), and monosomy 10.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tihan
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California.|Department of Pediatrics, University of California.
authors.forename: Nalin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.|Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California.
authors.forename: Joanna J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA.|Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000075924:X-linked Nuclear Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008715:Methionine; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; C543588:IDH1 protein, human; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; C092332:ATRX protein, human; D000075924:X-linked Nuclear Protein; D005998:Glycine
keywords: DIPG; H3F3A; HIST1H3B; K27M mutation; astrocytoma; diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; diffuse midline glioma; glioblastoma; histone H3.1; histone H3.3