title: Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Lifestyle and Beyond.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Specific risk factors associated with diabetes, such as hyperglycemia and kidney disease, have been demonstrated to increase the incidence and progression of CVD. Nevertheless, few data exist on the effects of traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension on CVD risk in youth with T1D. Improvements in understanding and approaches to the evaluation and management of CVD risk factors, specifically for young persons with T1D, are desirable. Recent advances in noninvasive techniques to detect early vascular damage, such as the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction and aortic or carotid intima-media thickness, provide new tools to evaluate the progression of CVD in childhood. In the present review, current CVD risk factor management, challenges, and potential therapeutic interventions in youth with T1D are described.
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Epidemiology Section, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. Michelle.Katz@joslin.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Epidemiology Section, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. Elisa.Giani@joslin.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Epidemiology Section, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. lori.laffel@joslin.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laffel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular; Diabetes type 1; Lifestyle; Pediatrics