title: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in indoor dust and food packaging materials in Egypt: Trends in developed and developing countries.
abstract: PFASs concentrations in dust samples collected from three microenvironments in Cairo ranged from 1.3 to 69 ng g(-1) with FTOHs being dominant. The 8:2 FTOH was detected in all samples. Among the FOSAs and FOSEs the MeFOSE was dominant while among ionic PFASs, PFOS and PFOA were most prominent. The concentrations of PFASs were among the lowest worldwide. Correlations between worldwide concentrations of PFOS + PFOA and country development indexes highlight higher usage and human exposure in more developed countries. Food packaging was analyzed for PFSAs, PFCAs and PAPs. The 6:2 and 8:2 monoPAPs were found to be above the MDL in 18% of the samples. PFOA was detected in 79% of the samples with median concentration of 2.40 ng g(-1). PFOS was detected in 58% of the samples with median concentration of 0.29 ng g(-1) while PFHxS and PFDS were below detection limit. Different human exposure scenarios were estimated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. Electronic address: T.Shoeib@aucegypt.edu.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoeib
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yasmeen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rauert
authors.affiliation: Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harner
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004534:Egypt; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D018857:Food Packaging; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D005466:Fluorocarbons
keywords: Country development indexes; Food packaging; Indoor dust; Ionic PFASs; Neutral PFASs; PFOS and PFOA global trends