title: Electroencephalography signatures of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical utility.
abstract: The techniques and the most important results on the use of electroencephalography (EEG) to extract different measures are reviewed in this work, which can be clinically useful to study subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, we discuss briefly and in simple terms the EEG analysis and processing techniques most used in the context of ADHD. We review techniques that both analyze individual EEG channels (univariate measures) and study the statistical interdependence between different EEG channels (multivariate measures), the so-called functional brain connectivity. Among the former ones, we review the classical indices of absolute and relative spectral power and estimations of the complexity of the channels, such as the approximate entropy and the Lempel-Ziv complexity. Among the latter ones, we focus on the magnitude square coherence and on different measures based on the concept of generalized synchronization and its estimation in the state space. Second, from a historical point of view, we present the most important results achieved with these techniques and their clinical utility (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) to diagnose ADHD. Finally, we propose future research lines based on these results.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Unit, Health Sciences Faculty (S Medicine), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Guzmán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital La Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mañas
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital La Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Leopoldo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.affiliation: Physiology Unit, Health Sciences Faculty (S Medicine), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Physiology Unit, Health Sciences Faculty (S Medicine), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Julián J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: González
keywords: ADHD; EEG; clinical assessment; functional connectivity; power spectrum