title: Reevaluation for clinical manifestations of HTLV-I-seropositive patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to reassess the prevalence and characteristics of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and SS in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) based on the American European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria in HTLV-I endemic area, Nagasaki prefecture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 349 patients who underwent a minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) for suspected SS were retrospectively classified by AECG classification criteria and divided with or without anti-HTLV-I antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HTLV-I data-available 294 patients were investigated. One hundred-seventy patients were classified as SS and 26.5 % were HTLV-I-seropositive. We have included 26 patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) and 38.5 % were classified as having SS. The prevalences of ANA and anti-SS-A/Ro antibody of HAM + SS were significantly low compared to the HTLV-I asymptomatic carriers (AC) with SS and the HTLV-I-seronegative SS patients, although lacrimal dysfunction tended to be high in HAM + SS and significantly high in AC + SS patients compared with the patients with HTLV-I-seronegative SS. The focus scores of MSGB in the HAM + SS patients were similar to those of the AC + SS patients and the HTLV-I-seronegative patients with SS. Among the MSGB-positive patients, there was a low prevalence of ANA in the HAM + SS patients. Similar results were obtained in case of anti-SS-A/Ro or SS-B/La antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HTLV-I endemic area, high prevalence of anti-HTLV-I antibody among SS as well as the characteristics of HAM + SS and AC + SS was still determined by AECG classification criteria.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. nakamura_hideki911@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. toshimasashimizu2000@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Cancer Biology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan. yuki@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. yoshiko.t.203-10-20@ezweb.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. yoshirohorai0518@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horai
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. nakayoshi.1976@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. shuntarosato@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. hiroshiraishi@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Community, Faculty of Social Welfare, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan. tatsu@niu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsufumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. fukuokaj@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Cancer Biology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan. taku@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. atsushik@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000276:immunology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*