title: Extending landscape of volatile metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease - a review.
abstract: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a challenging task despite significant increase in the understanding of the disease aetiology and pathogenesis. Recent decade has seen a massive interest in the non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of IBD, consequently a number of studies have explored a variety of potential biomarkers to diagnose the disease and monitor the disease activity. Volatile metabolites are the chemicals, which emanate from biological fluids and can reflect the status of health and disease of an individual. Recent advances in the analytical techniques have enabled the detection and interpretation of the changes in volatile metabolites in breath, urine, faeces and blood of an individual in correlation with various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders including IBD. This can provide a simple, fast and reproducible diagnosis at the point of care. This review focuses on the current and future novel approaches for detecting and the monitoring gut inflammation in IBD by using volatile organic metabolites.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastroenterology , University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , Southampton , UK ;
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: b Department of Gastroenterology , Taunton and Somerset Hospital NHS Trust , Parkfield Drive , Taunton, Somerset , UK ;
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fayyaz
authors.affiliation: c Department of Medicine , Basingstoke General Hospital , Basingstoke, Hampshire , UK ;
authors.forename: Moneeb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: d Department of Medicine , Mayo Hospital Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan ;
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niaz
authors.affiliation: e Department of Gastroenterology & Internal Medicine , University of Genova , Genova , Italy.
authors.forename: Manuele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furnari
authors.affiliation: b Department of Gastroenterology , Taunton and Somerset Hospital NHS Trust , Parkfield Drive , Taunton, Somerset , UK ;
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; non-invasive biomarkers; volatile organic metabolites