title: Novel roles of androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, TP53, regulatory RNAs, NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer and prostate cancer stem cells.
abstract: Approximately one in six men will be diagnosed with some form of prostate cancer in their lifetime. Over 250,000 men worldwide die annually due to complications from prostate cancer. While advancements in prostate cancer screening and therapies have helped in lowering this statistic, better tests and more effective therapies are still needed. This review will summarize the novel roles of the androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the EGFRvIII variant, TP53, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRs), NF-kappa-B, chromosomal translocations, neutrophil associated gelatinase, (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells (CSC) have on the diagnosis, development and treatment of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Kvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lertpiriyapong
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rakus
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gizak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Terrian
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Steelman
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. Electronic address: mccubreyj@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubrey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D018093:Gelatinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: AR; EGFR; MMP-9; NGAL; Regulatory RNAs; TP53