title: Behavioral and neurochemical effects induced by reserpine in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reserpine, a monoamine-depleting agent, which irreversibly and non-selectively blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter, has been used as an animal model to study several neurological disorders, including tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine if motor deficits induced by reserpine in mice could be related to alterations in the expression of dopaminergic system proteins such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) and in the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice received either vehicle or reserpine (0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg, s.c.) for four consecutive days. Two, 20, or 60 days after reserpine withdrawal, behavioral, and neurochemical changes were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reserpine at a dose of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg increased vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and reduced locomotion. Behavioral changes were accompanied by reduction in TH immunoreactivity in the striatum evaluated on days 2 and 20 after the last injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between VCM and MAO-A or MAO-B on day 2 and TH striatal immunoreactivity on day 20 after the last injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine. A positive correlation was observed between VCMs and DAT immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra on day 2 after the last injection of 0.5 mg/kg reserpine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the pharmacological blockage of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) by reserpine caused neurochemical and behavioral alterations in mice.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Catiuscia Molz
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alcindo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busanello
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Finger
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Ricardo
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Peroza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara Nunes
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.affiliation: Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Queiroz
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Chiapinotto
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ceretta
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Batista Teixeira
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. roseleirf@gmail.com.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. roseleirf@gmail.com.|Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. roseleirf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roselei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fachinetto
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493215:Slc6a3 protein, mouse; D012110:Reserpine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Dopamine; Dopamine transporter; Parkinson’s disease; Tardive dyskinesia; Tremulous jaw movements; Tyrosine hydroxylase