title: An elderly woman with 'heart failure': cognitive biases and diagnostic error.
abstract: Errors in diagnosis can arise from the clinician's cognitive biases as well as from problems in the healthcare system. Here the authors review a case with a bad outcome to analyze what went wrong and why.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. E-mail: Nikhil.Mull@uphs.upenn.edu.|Assistant Director, Center for Evidence-based Practice, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mull
authors.affiliation: Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Assistant Professor of Medicine, Temple University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Hospital Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003071:Cognition; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans