title: The role of chronic inflammation in the development of gastrointestinal cancers: reviewing cancer prevention with natural anti-inflammatory intervention.
abstract: Inflammatory mediators alter the local environment of tumors, known as the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, chronic inflammation induces DNA damage, but understanding this hazard may help in the search for new chemopreventive agents for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer which attenuate inflammation. In the clinic, GI cancer still remains a major cause of cancer-associated mortality, chemoprevention with anti-inflammatory agents is thought to be a realistic approach to reduce GI cancer. Proton pump inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha, anti-sense targeted smad7 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated for their potential to prevent inflammation-based GI cancer. Besides these, a wide variety of natural products have also shown potential for the prevention of GI cancer. In this review, the authors will provide insights to explain the mechanistic connection between inflammation and GI cancer, as well as describe a feasible cancer prevention strategy based on anti-inflammatory treatments.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Chemoprevention, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute , Gachon University , Incheon , Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Kwon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Migyeong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: b CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center , CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University , Seongnam , Korea.|c Digestive Disease Center , CHA University Bundang Medical Center , Seongnam , Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Baik
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hahm
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000150:complications; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D058847:Inflammasomes; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Cancer prevention; GI cancer; GI inflammation; TGF-β; TNF-α; oxidative stress