title: Melamine Induces Oxidative Stress in Mouse Ovary.
abstract: Melamine is a nitrogen heterocyclic triazine compound which is widely used as an industrial chemical. Although melamine is not considered to be acutely toxic with a high LD50 in animals, food contaminated with melamine expose risks to the human health. Melamine has been reported to be responsible for the renal impairment in mammals, its toxicity on the reproductive system, however, has not been adequately assessed. In the present study, we examined the effect of melamine on the follicle development and ovary formation. The data showed that melamine increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and induced granulosa cell apoptosis as well as follicle atresia. To further analyze the mechanism by which melamine induces oxidative stress, the expression and activities of two key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were analyzed, and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were compared between control and melamine-treated ovaries. The result revealed that melamine changed the expression and activities of SOD and GPX in the melamine-treated mice. Therefore, we demonstrate that melamine causes damage to the ovaries via oxidative stress pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Xiang-Shun
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Hyung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014227:Triazines; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C011907:melamine