title: Evaluation of Lymphatic and Vascular Invasion in Relation to Clinicopathological Factors and Treatment Outcome in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: This study evaluated the associations between lymphatic and vascular invasion of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and clinicopathological manifestations, as well as their impact on patient outcomes after treatment.In total, 571 patients with primary OSCC who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy were enrolled.Lymphatic and vascular invasion were found in 28 (5%) and 16 (3%) patients, respectively. Significant associations were found between lymphatic and vascular invasion and overall stage (P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively), tumor stage (P = 0.009 and P = 0.025, respectively), nodal metastasis (both P < 0.001), extracapsular spread (both P < 0.001), perineural invasion (both P < 0.001), bone invasion (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively), depth of invasion (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), and pathologic differentiation (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the analysis of adverse events during follow-up, neither lymphatic nor vascular invasion was statistically associated with local recurrence, neck recurrence, and distant metastasis. Although lymphatic invasion exhibited significant associations with poorer overall survival (P < 0.001), disease-specific survival (P < 0.001), and disease-free survival (P = 0.01), it was not demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor in all multivariate analyses.Although both lymphatic and vascular invasion are associated with many clinicopathological manifestations, neither affects the occurrence of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis in patients with OSCC after treatment.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (MA,K-PC); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (H-KK,J-JH,TB); Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (C-LH); Department of Pathology (L-YL,YH); Department of Radiation Oncology (N-MT); Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (YLC); School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (C-LH,N-MT,K-PC); and Division of Surgical Oncology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt (MA).
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adel
authors.forename: Huang-Kai
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Cheng-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jung-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yenlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Ngan-Ming
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Yu-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kai-Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult