title: Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA: Challenges and Opportunities on the Path to Clinical Utility.
abstract: Recent technological advances have enabled the detection and detailed characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood samples from patients with cancer. Often referred to as a "liquid biopsy," CTCs and ctDNA are expected to provide real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and therapeutic efficacy, with the potential for improved cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on these opportunities as well as the challenges that should be addressed so that these tools may eventually be implemented into routine clinical care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J. C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ignatiadis
authors.affiliation: Google[x] Life Sciences, Google, Inc, Mountain View, California.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. ssj@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Stefanie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jeffrey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002452:Cell Count; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm