title: Greenhouse gases emission from soils under major crops in Northwest India.
abstract: Quantification of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from agriculture is necessary to prepare the national inventories and to develop the mitigation strategies. Field experiments were conducted during 2008-2010 at the experimental farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India to quantify nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soils under cereals, pulses, millets, and oilseed crops. Total cumulative N2O emissions were significantly different (P>0.05) among the crop types. Emission of N2O as percentage of applied N was the highest in pulses (0.67%) followed by oilseeds (0.55%), millets (0.43%) and cereals (0.40%). The emission increased with increasing rate of N application (r(2)=0.74, P<0.05). The cumulative flux of CH4 from the rice crop was 28.64±4.40 kg ha(-1), while the mean seasonal integrated flux of CO2 from soils ranged from 3058±236 to 3616±157 kg CO2 ha(-1) under different crops. The global warming potential (GWP) of crops varied between 3053 kg CO2 eq. ha(-1) (pigeon pea) and 3968 kg CO2 eq. ha(-1) (wheat). The carbon equivalent emission (CEE) was least in pigeon pea (833 kg C ha(-1)) and largest in wheat (1042 kg C ha(-1)). The GWP per unit of economic yield was the highest in pulses and the lowest in cereal crops. The uncertainties in emission values varied from 4.6 to 22.0%. These emission values will be useful in updating the GHGs emission inventory of Indian agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India. Electronic address: nivetajain@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Shashi Vind
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Harit
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Carbon dioxide; Cereals; Methane; Millets; Nitrous oxide; Oilseeds; Pulses