title: The PET Radioligand 18F-FIMX Images and Quantifies Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 in Proportion to the Regional Density of Its Gene Transcript in Human Brain.
abstract: A recent study from our laboratory found that (18)F-FIMX is an excellent PET radioligand for quantifying metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in monkey brain. This study evaluated the ability of (18)F-FIMX to quantify mGluR1 in humans. A second goal was to use the relative density of mGluR1 gene transcripts in brain regions to estimate specific uptake and nondisplaceable uptake (VND) in each brain region.
  
  
  METHODS
  After injection of 189 ± 3 MBq of (18)F-FIMX, 12 healthy volunteers underwent a dynamic PET scan over 120 min. For 6 volunteers, images were acquired until 210 min. A metabolite-corrected arterial input function was measured from the radial artery. Four other subjects underwent whole-body scanning to estimate radiation exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (18)F-FIMX uptake into the human brain was high (SUV = 4-6 in the cerebellum), peaked at about 10 min, and washed out rapidly. An unconstrained 2-tissue-compartment model fitted the data well, and distribution volume (VT) (mL⋅cm(-3)) values ranged from 1.5 in the caudate to 11 in the cerebellum. A 120-min scan provided stable VT values in all regions except the cerebellum, for which an acquisition time of at least 170 min was necessary. VT values in brain regions correlated well with mGluR1 transcript density, and the correlation suggested that VND of (18)F-FIMX was quite low (0.5 mL⋅cm(-3)). This measure of VND in humans was similar to that from a receptor blocking study in monkeys, after correcting for differences in plasma protein binding. Similar to other (18)F-labeled ligands, the effective dose was about 23 μSv/MBq.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (18)F-FIMX can quantify mGluR1 in the human brain with a 120- to 170-min scan. Correlation of brain uptake with the relative density of mGluR1 transcript allows specific receptor binding of a radioligand to be quantified without injecting pharmacologic doses of a blocking agent.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland INCIA UMR-CNRS 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; and paolo.zanotti-fregonara@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanotti-Fregonara
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sami S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zoghbi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jeih-San
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liow
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gladding
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rallis-Frutos
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jinsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Innis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001549:Benzamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011485:Protein Binding; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011874:Radiometry; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014915:Whole-Body Counting; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C586005:4-fluoro-N-methyl-N-(4-(6-(methylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazol-2-yl)benzamide; D001549:Benzamides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D013844:Thiazoles; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1
keywords: 18F-FIMX; PET; gene transcripts; mGluR1