title: Systemic Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) by Trichoderma harzianum TH12.
abstract: Trichoderma harzianum TH12 is a microbial pesticide for certain rapeseed diseases. The mechanism of systemic resistance induced by TH12 or its cell-free culture filtrate (CF) in Brassica napus (AACC) and Raphanus alboglabra (RRCC) to powdery mildew disease caused by ascomycete Erysiphe cruciferarum was investigated. In this study, we conducted the first large-scale global study on the cellular and molecular aspects of B. napus and R. alboglabra infected with E. cruciferarum. The histological study showed the resistance of R. alboglabra to powdery mildew disease. The growth of fungal colonies was not observed on R. alboglabra leaves at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas this was clearly observed on B. napus leaves after 6 dpi. In addition, the gene expression of six plant defense-related genes, namely, PR-1, PR-2 (a marker for SA signaling), PR-3, PDF 1.2 (a marker for JA/ET signaling), CHI620, and CHI570, for both genotypes were analyzed in the leaves of B. napus and R. alboglabra after treatment with TH12 or CF and compared with the non-treated ones. The qRT-PCR results showed that the PR-1 and PR-2 expression levels increased in E. cruciferarum-infected leaves, but decreased in the TH12-treated leaves compared with leaves treated with CF. The expression levels of PR-3 and PDF1.2 decreased in plants infected by E. cruciferarum. However, expression levels increased when the leaves were treated with TH12. For the first time, we disclosed the nature of gene expression in B. napus and R. alboglabra to explore the resistance pathways in the leaves of both genotypes infected and non-infected by powdery mildew and inoculated or non-inoculated with elicitor factors. Results suggested that R. alboglabra exhibited resistance to powdery mildew disease, and the application of T. harzianum and its CF are a useful tool to facilitate new protection methods for resist or susceptible plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.|Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.
authors.forename: Jawadayn Talib
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Alkooranee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yongtai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Tamarah Raad
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Aledan
authors.affiliation: Crops Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Yingfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jiangsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.
authors.forename: Maoteng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000472:pathogenicity; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D031224:Raphanus / Q000235:genetics*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000235:genetics*