title: Susceptibility of HPV16 and 18 to high level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes.
abstract: Ultrasound probes used in endocavitary procedures have been shown to be contaminated with high-risk HPV after routine use and HPV is also known to be resistant to some high level disinfectants (HLDs). This study compared efficacy of two leading ultrasound probe HLD methods; liquid ortho-phthalaldehyde (Cidex® OPA) and an automated device using sonicated hydrogen peroxide (trophon® EPR) against HPV16 and HPV18 in a hard-surface carrier test. Native HPV16 and HPV18 virions were generated in organotypic epithelial raft cultures. Viral lysates were dried onto carriers with a 5% (v/v) protein soil. Efficacy tests were performed against the automated device at 35% and 31.5% H2 O2 and 0.55% OPA in quadruplicate with matched input, neutralization, and cytotoxicity controls. Hypochlorite was included as a positive control. Infectivity was determined by the abundance (qRT-PCR) of the spliced E1^E4 transcript in infected recipient cells. The automated HLD device showed excellent efficacy against HPV16 and HPV18 (>5 log10 reductions in infectivity) whereas OPA showed minimal efficacy (<0.6 log10 reductions). While HPV is highly resistant to OPA, sonicated hydrogen peroxide offers an effective disinfection solution for ultrasound probes. Disinfection methods that are effective against HPV should be adopted where possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryndock
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyers
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000821:virology; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014771:Virion / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: high level disinfection (HLD); ortho-phthalaldehyde; trophon EPR; virucidal