title: Protective effect of naringin on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurodegeneration through the modulation of matrix metalloproteinases and glial fibrillary acidic protein.
abstract: Naringin (4',5,7-trihydroxy-flavonone-7-rhamnoglucoside), a flavonone present in grapefruit, has recently been reported to protect against neurodegeration, induced with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study used a rat model of 3-NP-induced neurodegeneration to investigate the neuroprotective effects of naringin exerted by modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Neurodegeneration was induced with 3-NP (10 mg/kg body mass, by intraperitoneal injection) once a day for 2 weeks, and induced rats were treated with naringin (80 mg/kg body mass, by oral gavage, once a day for 2 weeks). Naringin ameliorated the motor abnormalities caused by 3-NP, and reduced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by decreasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, along with increasing the expression of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in 3-NP-induced rats. Further, naringin reduced 3-NP-induced neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thus, naringin exerts protective effects against 3-NP-induced neurodegeneration by ameliorating the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and glial fibrillary acidic protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.|Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kulasekaran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.|Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ganapasam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sudhandiran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C005274:naringin; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid
keywords: 3-nitropropionic acid; GFAP; MMP; TIMP; acide 3-nitropropionique; naringin; naringine