title: PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs co-occurrence in TiO2 nanoparticles.
abstract: In the present study, we report on the co-occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) adsorbed on nanoparticular titanium dioxide (TiO2). We report on the finding of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the surface of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, being formed during the fabrication process of the TiO2. Thereby, the samples comprise PCBs with higher congener numbers or, in the absence of PCBs, a high concentration of PCDDs and PCDFs. This new class of POPs on an active catalytic surface and the great range of applications of nanoparticular TiO2, such as in color pigments, cosmetics, and inks, give rise to great concern due to their potential toxicity.
authors.affiliation: NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ctistis
authors.affiliation: NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.affiliation: NanoBioInterface Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, P.O. Box 70.000, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. g.luthe@luthe-pharma.com.|Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. g.luthe@luthe-pharma.com.|Luthe Pharma®, Fabrikstrasse 2, 48599, Gronau, Germany. g.luthe@luthe-pharma.com.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luthe
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Food additives; Persistent organic pollutants (POPs); Pigments; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs); Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs); Sun lotions; Surface bound; TiO2 nanoparticles