title: Anticancer activity of 7-epiclusianone, a benzophenone from Garcinia brasiliensis, in glioblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system and one of the hardest tumors to treat. Consequently, the search for novel therapeutic options is imperative. 7-epiclusianone, a tetraprenylated benzophenone isolated from the epicarp of the native plant Garcinia brasiliensis, exhibits a range of biological activities but its prospect anticancer activity is underexplored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of 7-epiclusianone on proliferation, clonogenic capacity, cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in two glioblastoma cell lines (U251MG and U138MG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was measured by the MTS assay; for the clonogenic assay, colonies were stained with Giemsa and counted by direct visual inspection; For cell cycle analysis, cells were stained with propidium iodide and analyzed by cytometry; Cyclin A expression was determined by immunoblotting; Apoptotic cell death was determined by annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling and Caspase-3 activity in living cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viability of both cell lines was drastically inhibited; moreover, the colony formation capacity was significantly reduced, demonstrating long-term effects even after removal of the drug. 7-epiclusianone treatment at low concentrations also altered cell cycle progression, decreased the S and G2/M populations and at higher concentrations increased the number of cells at sub-G1, in concordance with the increase of apoptotic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates for the first time the anticancer potential of 7-epiclusianone against glioblastoma cells, thus meriting its further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. lesalesoliver@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leilane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Center, Sirio Libanes Hospital, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 115, 01308-050, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. julia.pezuk@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Julia Alejandra
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pezuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. borgesks@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kleiton Silva
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. solbrassesco@usp.br.
authors.forename: María Sol
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brassesco
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. scrideli@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Scrideli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. lgtone@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Luiz Gonzaga
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. marcelo_hs@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marcelo Henrique
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. marisaionta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ionta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. jaquelineunifal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Carvalho
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D029760:Garcinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C118110:7-epiclusianone; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001577:Benzophenones; D016227:Benzoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts