title: Essential oils from Zanthoxylum fagara Wild Lime, Ruta chalepensis L. and Thymus vulgaris L.: Composition and activity against Aedes aegypti larvae.
abstract: The dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Several plants are used to control this mosquito. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oils of Ruta chalepensis, Zanthoxylum fagara and Thymus vulgaris were analyzed, and their activities against larvae of two A. aegypti populations were evaluated. The major compounds found in T. vulgaris were thymol and -cymene at 39.8% and 30.5%, respectively, with the major components being oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons at 55.5% and 40.4%, respectively. For Z. fagara, the major compounds were sylvestrene and E-caryophyllene at 25.3% and 23.6%, respectively, with the major components being sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons at 51.1% and 37.5%, respectively. Ketones were the predominant group of compounds found in R. chalepensis, with the major components being 2-undecanone and 2-nonanona at 43.7% and 35.4%, respectively. Essential oils from T. vulgaris, Z. fagara and R. chalepensis showed activity against larvae of the A. aegypti New Orleans strain, producing median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of 2.14, 27.57 and 2.69 g/mL, respectively, at 24 h. LC₅₀ values produced against larvae of a local A. aegypti population in Nuevo Leon, México, were 25.37, 60.42 and 20.13 g/mL, respectively, at 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Ave. Francisco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N. Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Luis Alejandro
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pérez López
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Ave. Francisco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N. Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Yael C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Ave. Francisco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N. Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Anabel Torres
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cirio
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Ave. Francisco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N. Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Noemí Waksman
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: de Torres
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica. Ave. Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Adriana Elizabeth
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Flores Suárez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Ave. Francisco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N. Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Ricardo Salazar
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D032105:Ruta / Q000737:chemistry*; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile