title: Toothpastes containing abrasive and chemical whitening agents: efficacy in reducing extrinsic dental staining.
abstract: This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of toothpastes containing abrasive and chemical whitening agents in reducing the extrinsic discoloration of dental enamel. Sixty slabs of dentin from human teeth were sealed so that only the enamel surface was exposed. The enamel surfaces were photographed for initial color assessment. Staining was performed by immersing the dental slabs in 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 minutes and then in black tea for 60 minutes. This process was repeated 15 times. Photographs were taken at the end of the staining process, and the slabs were divided into 5 groups (n = 12), 3 to be brushed with toothpastes containing chemical whitening agents (2 containing phosphate salts and 1 containing phosphate salts plus hydrogen peroxide) and 2 to represent control groups (ordinary/nonwhitening toothpaste and distilled water). The dental slabs were subjected to mechanical toothbrushing with toothpaste slurry or distilled water, according to each group's specifications. After brushing, more photographs were taken for color analysis. The results showed a significant reduction in luminosity after the staining process in addition to an increase in the colors red and yellow (P < 0.001). After brushing, there was a significant increase in luminosity and a reduction in both red and yellow (P < 0.001). However, there was no observed difference between the changes in color values in dental enamel slabs brushed with whitening toothpastes and the changes found in slabs brushed with ordinary toothpaste. The whitening toothpastes did not outperform an ordinary toothpaste in the removal of extrinsic staining.
authors.forename: Cristina Neves Girao Salgado
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Flavia Lucisano Botelho do
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Marcelo Ferraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Franca
authors.forename: Roberta Tarkany
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Basting
authors.forename: Cecilia Pedroso
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Turssi
mesh_terms: D057886:Bleaching Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010781:Photography; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D057886:Bleaching Agents; D014100:Toothpastes
keywords: enamel; staining; toothbrushing; toothpaste; whitening