title: Effects of improving nitrogen management on nitrogen utilization, nitrogen balance, and reactive nitrogen losses in a Mollisol with maize monoculture in Northeast China.
abstract: Traditional fertilization led to higher apparent N surplus, and optimized fertilization can reduce residual nitrogen in soils with keeping high yield. But in continuous spring maize cropping zone in Mollisol in Northeast China, the effect of the optimized N management on N balance and comprehensive environment was not clear. The primary objective of this study was to compare the differences of two fertilizations (traditional farmer N management (FNM) with single basal fertilizer and improvement N management (INM) by soil testing with top-dressing) in gain yield, N uptake and N efficiency, soil N balance, reactive N losses, and environment assessment. The results showed that INM treatment has no remarkable effect on grain yield and N uptake; N partial factor productivity (PFPN) of INM treatment was 19.8 % significantly higher than the FNM treatment. Nmin in soils of INM treatment reached to 111.0 kg ha(-1), which was 27.1 % lower than the FNM treatment after 6 years of continuous maize cropping; the apparent N Losses (ANL) and apparent N surplus (ANS) of INM were only half of FNM by soil N balance analysis. In reactive N losses, comparing with FNM treatment, INM treatment reduced NH3 volatilization, N2O emission, N leaching, and N runoff by 17.8, 35.6, 45, and 38.3 %, respectively, during planting period, and in integrated environment assessment by life cycle assessment (LCA) method, producing 1 t maize grain, energy depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and climate change impacts of INM treatment decreased 26.19, 30.16, 32.61, and 22.75 %, respectively. Therefore, INM treatment is a better N management strategy in comprehensive analysis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Dan
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China. zhangjinjing@126.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China. gyt199962@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-Zhong
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abelrahman
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D002681:China; D057231:Climate Change; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D004777:Environment; D005308:Fertilizers; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D014835:Volatilization; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D012987:Soil; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Improvement N management; Maize yield; N efficiency; N life cycle; Reactive N losses; Soil N balance