title: Cancer stem cells in head and neck cancer: A Mini Review.
abstract: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and rapidly emerging preclinical and clinical studies have provided a broader landscape of signaling. It is being realized that intra-tumor heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic mutations considerably challenge wide ranging therapeutics and patients frequently develop locoregional recurrences, second primary tumours and distant metastases. Using high-throughput technologies, it has been revealed that existence of different subpopulations of cells within tumor mass with different phenotypic and functional properties with distinct tumour-initiating potential is responsible to HNC resistance. In light of accumulating evidence reported in recent years, it is now known that different intracellular proteins and cell surface markers have been used to study CSCs. This review provides an overview of CSC biomarkers in HNC treatment and their potential as therapeutic targets in improving the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HNC patients for new therapeutic strategies with information about estimation of prognosis and treatment decision. Further studies regarding biomarkers are necessary to determine the specific role of CSCs in HNC which could be useful in development of new therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and maximize clinical outcome. Furthermore, CD44 still need more research in HNC once the studies show contradictions. Studies using lineage tracing and deep sequencing will provide a comprehensive understanding of CSC model and extent to which it is accountable for resistance against therapeutics and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: UPGEM, FAMERP&mdash; São Jos&eacute; do Rio Preto Medical School Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit Brazil analivia_sg&commat;yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva Galbiatti-Dias
authors.affiliation: UPGEM, FAMERP&mdash; São Jos&eacute; do Rio Preto Medical School Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit Brazil.
authors.forename: É C
authors.initials: ÉC
authors.lastname: Pavarino
authors.affiliation: UPGEM, FAMERP&mdash; São Jos&eacute; do Rio Preto Medical School Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kawasaki-Oyama
authors.affiliation: UPGEM, FAMERP&mdash; São Jos&eacute; do Rio Preto Medical School Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit Brazil.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Maniglia
authors.affiliation: UPGEM, FAMERP&mdash; São Jos&eacute; do Rio Preto Medical School Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit Brazil.
authors.forename: E J V
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Maniglia
authors.affiliation: UPGEM, FAMERP&mdash; São Jos&eacute; do Rio Preto Medical School Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit Brazil.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Goloni Bertollo
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D010455:Peptides