title: Protective Effect of Areca catechu Leaf Ethanol Extract Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in ICR Mice.
abstract: Gastric ulcer is a common digestive disorder that results in considerable suffering. Hence, this digestive pathology has been the focus of a number of recent studies. Although numerous drugs have been developed to treat gastric ulcers, therapeutic approaches for many of the complications associated with these drugs remain to be identified. For this reason, many natural compounds have been explored as alternatives for these drugs. In this study, we have investigated the effectiveness of Areca catechu leaf ethanol extract (ACE) for treating ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice. We performed histological as well as immunohistochemical examinations to explore the therapeutic properties of ACE. We also examined the levels of inflammatory signaling molecules to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE. The histochemical data demonstrate that ACE can protect the mucosal epithelium as well as the vascular supply in the gastric tract. Furthermore, ACE significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Taken together, these data suggest that ACE administration may have the potential as an alternative treatment for gastric ulcer because of its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and ability to promote the rejuvenation and revascularization of the damaged gastric epithelium.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Pa
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Nan Hee
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University , Surabaya, Indonesia .
authors.forename: Giftania Wardani
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sudjarwo
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Sik
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Rak
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Heeok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000431:Ethanol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Areca catechu; COX2; NF-κB; TNF-α; cytoprotection; gastric ulcer; iNOS