title: Regulation of TGF-β Receptors.
abstract: In cells responding to extracellular polypeptide ligands, regulatory mechanisms at the level of cell surface receptors are increasingly seen to define the nature of the ligand-induced signaling responses. Processes that govern the levels of receptors at the plasma membrane, including posttranslational modifications, are crucial to ensure receptor function and specify the downstream signals. Indeed, extracellular posttranslational modifications of the receptors help define stability and ligand binding, while intracellular modifications mediate interactions with signaling mediators and accessory proteins that help define the nature of the signaling response. The use of various molecular biology and biochemistry techniques, based on chemical crosslinking, e.g., biotin or radioactive labeling, immunofluorescence to label membrane receptors and flow cytometry, allows for quantification of changes of cell surface receptor presentation. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of TGF-β receptors, i.e., the type I (TβRI) and type II (TβRII) TGF-β receptors, and describe basic methods to identify and quantify TGF-β cell surface receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Programs in Cell Biology, and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Erine H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Budi
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Programs in Cell Biology, and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. rik.derynck@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derynck
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008024:Ligands; D011485:Protein Binding; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Affinity labeling; Biotin labeling; Caveolin; Cell sorting; Cell surface receptor; Chemical crosslinking; Clathrin; Immunofluorescence; Immunoprecipitation; Neutravidin precipitation; Posttranslational modifications; TβRI; TβRII