title: Body mass index, adipokines and insulin resistance in asthmatic children and adolescents.
abstract: This study aimed to describe the body mass index, insulin resistance, levels of adipokines and inflammatory markers in Brazilian asthmatic children and adolescents and to investigate their possible association with the severity and control of asthma.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study (n = 92; age: 3-18 years). Assessed data: Body weight and height, used to calculate the body mass index (BMIZ) and height-for-age (HAZ). Laboratory measurements: Lipid profile; glycemia and insulin for homeostasis model assessment (HOMA); adipokines; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE against aeroallergens.
  
  
  
  The median age was 9.6 years (3.0-16.6); most participants were male (n = 52, 56.5%), pre-pubertal (n = 54, 58.6%) and had atopic asthma (n = 85, 92.4%). Overweight/obesity (38%) showed an inverse correlation with age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.781; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.92) and a direct correlation with the leptin concentration (adjusted OR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.22). Insulin concentration was independently associated with moderated persistent asthma (adjusted OR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.52). HOMA showed a direct correlation with the leptin (β = 0.475; 95% CI 0.117-0.268) and total IgE (β = 0.197; 95% CI 0.002-0.096) levels and an inverse correlation with the TNF-α levels (β = -0.255; 95% CI;-0.366-0.055).
  
  
  
  Asthma was associated with insulin resistance and a systemic inflammatory response possibly mediated by adipokines, with leptin levels standing out among the participants with excess weight.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and.
authors.forename: Rosinha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: b Nephrology Unit, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and.
authors.forename: Fabíola Isabel
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Suano-Souza
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and.
authors.forename: Dirceu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solé
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and.
authors.forename: Rosana Fiorini
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Puccini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and.
authors.forename: Maria Wany Louzada
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Strufaldi
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Adipokines; adolescent; asthma; child; insulin resistance; obesity