title: Galectin-3 and sST2 in prediction of left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrosis is a pivotal event in infarct repair and progressive remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Biomarkers may be used to monitor fibrosis, and therefore we evaluated the predictive value of galectin-3 and sST2 for cardiac remodeling after MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma galectin-3 and sST2 were measured in patients admitted with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute MI, at baseline and at 4months. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and infarct size were measured after 4months with cardiac MRI (CMR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 247 patients had blood samples and CMR data available (mean age 57.7±11.6years; 79.8% male). Increased baseline galectin-3 (≥17.8ng/mL) identified patients with lower LVEF (50.3% (±9.1) vs. non-elevated galectin-3 55.0% (±8.0); P<0.001), and larger infarct size (13.8g. (±12.9) vs. 8.6g. (±8.7); P=0.002) after 4months. Elevated sST2 (≥35.0ng/mL) did not predict decreased LVEF or larger infarct size. Furthermore we showed that at baseline, galectin-3 was an independent predictor for LVEF (β=-0.18; P=0.005) and infarct size (β=0.18; P=0.004). We repeated the analyses using median values of galectin-3 (13.4ng/mL) and sST2 (30.3ng/mL) as a cut point, and this validated our results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fibrosis biomarker galectin-3, but not sST2, taken immediately after MI, predicts LVEF and infarct size after 4months. We hypothesize that galectin-3 may play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodeling after acute MI.
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A Rogier
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: van der Velde
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris P H
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lexis
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Meijers
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iwan C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lipsic
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dokter
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Harst
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: r.a.de.boer@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood*; D037161:Galectins; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: Cardiac remodeling; Galectin-3; Left ventricular ejection fraction; Myocardial infarction; sST2