title: Selectable Surface and Bulk Fluorescence Imaging with Plasmon-Coupled Waveguides.
abstract: In this letter, we propose a new method for selective imaging of surface bound probes or simultaneous imaging of surface bound plus fluorescence from dye molecules in bulk water solution. The principle of this method relies on use of two optical modes with different mode distributions, filed decay lengths and polarization states that are sustaining in a plasmon waveguide. The two modes with different decay lengths couple with dye molecules of different regions, at different distances from the PCW-water interface. The emission from two different regions occur as two coupled emission rings with different polarizations and emitting angles in the back focal plane (BFP) images. By using an electric-driven liquid crystal in BFP imaging, we selectively imaged surface or surface plus bulk fluorescence. Accordingly two coupled emissions can be switched ON or OFF independently, that are for either surface or bulk fluorescence imaging. Our work provides a new method for fluorescence imaging or sensing just by using a planar multilayer film, which may be a useful for ﬂuorescence-based techniques in chemistry, materials science, molecular biology, and medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Ruxue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Douguo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Liangfu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.
authors.forename: Junxue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Cuifang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Ramachandram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badugu
authors.affiliation: Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lakowicz