title: Outcomes After Skin and Soft Tissue Infection in Infants 90 Days Old or Younger.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are an increasingly common cause of pediatric hospital visits among infants. The optimal evaluation strategy for younger infants with SSTI is unknown because there is little information about outcomes including risks of concomitant bacterial infections and treatment failure. This study was designed to determine rates of concomitant invasive bacterial infection and hospital revisits for treatment failure as well as factors associated with treatment failure in infants presenting with SSTI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of patients≤90 days of age who received care from the 22 emergency departments and hospitals in the Intermountain Healthcare system from July 1, 2004 to December 31, 2011, with a primary discharge diagnosis of SSTI. Concomitant bacterial infections were defined as urinary tract infection (UTI; culture-confirmed) or invasive bacterial infection (IBI; culture-confirmed bacteremia and/or meningitis). Treatment failure was defined as any unplanned change in care at hospital revisit within 14 days of discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 172 infants; 29 (17%) were febrile, and 91 (53%) had ≥1 sterile site culture performed. One case of bacteremia in a febrile infant was identified giving an overall proportion with UTI/IBI of 0.58% (95% confidence interval 0.01%-3.2%). Sixteen infants (9.3%; 95% confidence interval 5.4%-14.7%) returned for treatment failure. Perianal location (P=.03) and private insurance status (P=.01) were associated with more treatment failures compared with other locations or payer types. No patients returned for missed UTI/IBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant bacterial infections were rare in infants with SSTI, with none identified in afebrile infants. Treatment failure of SSTI leading to hospital revisit was common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; gabrielle.hester@childrensmn.org.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hester
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hersh
authors.affiliation: Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mundorff
authors.affiliation: Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Korgenski
authors.affiliation: Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Byington
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Rajendu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008581:Meningitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents