title: Ex-vivoand in-vitro assessment of mucoadhesive patches containing the gel-forming polysaccharide psyllium for buccal delivery of chlorhexidine base.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gel-forming polysaccharide psyllium in the preparation of mucoadhesive patches for the controlled release of chlorhexidine (CHX) to treat pathologies in the oral cavity, using the casting-solvent evaporation technique. A number of different film-forming semi-synthetic polymers, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were evaluated for comparison. The patch formulations were characterized in terms of drug content, morphology surface, swelling and mucoadhesive properties, microbiology inhibition assay and in vitro release tests. Three ex-vivo testswere carried out using porcine mucosa: an alternative dissolution test using artificial saliva that allows contemporary measurement of dissolution and mucoadhesion, a permeation test through the mucosa and the measurement of mucoadhesion using a Nouy tensile tester, as the maximum force required for the separation of the patch from the mucosa surface. The patches were also examined for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration in cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. All the patches incorporating psyllium were found suitable in terms of external morphology, mucoadhesion and controlled release of the drug: in the presence of psyllium the drug displays prolonged zero-order release related to slower swelling rate of the system.
authors.affiliation: Department FABIT, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.cavallari@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.affiliation: Department FABIT, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: patrizia.brigidi@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brigidi
authors.affiliation: Department FABIT, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: adamo.fini@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Adamo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fini
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000818:Animals; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011620:Psyllium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D005782:Gels; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011620:Psyllium; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Buccal patch; Chlorhexidine base; Controlled release; Mucoadhesion; Psyllium; Swelling