title: Reactivation of herpes simplex virus-1 following epilepsy surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study reports a case of encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), following surgical manipulation of the site of a primary infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herpes simplex virus-1 infection was confirmed by CSF PCR and DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was an 11-year-old girl who required temporal lobe surgery for epilepsy. She had meningoencephalitis due to HSV at the age of 20 months, and she was treated with acyclovir. Three years later, the patient developed uncontrolled seizures that became more frequent and changed in character at 11 years of age. On the 12th postoperative day, she developed fever and seizures, and she was diagnosed with HSV-1 by positive CSF PCR. She was treated with acyclovir (30 mg/kg/day for 21 days). In this report, we describe the patient and review the relevant literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors stress the potential risk of reactivation of HSV encephalitis after intracranial surgery. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis must be considered in neurosurgical patients who develop postoperative seizures and fever.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil ; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe & Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Monteiro
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Epilepsia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Infectologia Pediátrica, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Epilepsia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Paola
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Epilepsia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Paula
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando Bleggi
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Universidade da Região de Joinville, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio A S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Koneski
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Felipe Cavalli
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pessa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meri Bordignon
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia Mara
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Raboni
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Silvado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, 1-4 Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luine Rosele
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Vidal
keywords: Encephalitis; Epilepsy; Herpes simplex; Neurosurgery; Reactivation