title: A Preseason Checklist for Predicting Elbow Injury in Little League Baseball Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite pitch count limits, the incidence of Little League elbow is increasing. A risk-evaluation tool capable of predicting which players are predisposed to throwing injury could potentially prevent injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of a risk factor checklist for predicting elbow injury in Little League baseball players during 1 season. The hypothesis was that a preseason risk-evaluation checklist could predict which players were predisposed to elbow injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  A preseason risk-evaluation checklist was distributed to Little League baseball teams in Japan. Six months later, a follow-up questionnaire was mailed to determine injuries sustained during the season. Logistic regression analysis was performed, assigning presence or absence of elbow injury during the season as the dependent variable, and an injury risk score (IRS) was developed based on the statistically significant variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the predictive validity of the checklist and the optimal cutoff IRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 389 Little League players were analyzed. Among them, 53 players experienced an elbow injury requiring medical treatment during the season. Six checklist items associated with a medical history of throwing injury, pitch volume, and arm fatigue were found to be significant. Responses to the items could predict the players who were susceptible to injury during the season, with a two-thirds cutoff value for a 6-item checklist (area under the curve, 0.810; sensitivity, 0.717; specificity, 0.771).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from a 6-item preseason checklist can predict which Little League players are to sustain an elbow injury by the end of the season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to predict which Little League baseball players are predisposed to elbow injury allows parents and coaches to initiate preventive measures in those players prior to and during the baseball season, which could lead to fewer elbow injuries.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yukutake
authors.affiliation: Amici del Cuore, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
keywords: Little League elbow; checklist; prevention