title: Bladder Symptoms and Attitudes in an Ethnically Diverse Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess pelvic floor symptoms and attitudes in an ethnically diverse population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional survey of women presenting to 2 community-based, ethnically diverse gynecology clinics. Before being seen by a provider, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 312 women were included: 32.7% white, 50.3% African American, and 17.0% Hispanic. Other racial/ethnic groups were excluded secondary to small samples size. The median (interquartile range) age was 34.0 (27.0-44.0) years. The groups differed with respect to most demographic characteristics, such as income, education, and nation of origin. Nocturia and urinary frequency were the most commonly reported symptoms. African American respondents were more likely to report nocturia than white respondents (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.8). Respondents' views of normal urinary function generally did not vary by race/ethnicity. However, Hispanic respondents were less likely than white respondents to agree that it is normal to leak urine after having children (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.68). Among women who reported at least 1 symptom, 46.7% reported that at least 1 symptom bothered them, and this did not differ with respect to race/ethnicity (P ≥ 0.59). African American respondents were more likely than whites to report their urinary leakage to their doctors (P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that with few exceptions, bladder symptoms and attitudes are similar among reproductive-age women of various racial/ethnic groups in a community setting.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; †Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; ‡Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; and §Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Sybil G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dessie
authors.forename: Sonia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Modest
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: Eman A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Elkadry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D053158:Nocturia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology