title: Objective Analysis of Performance of Activities of Daily Living in People With Central Field Loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People with central visual field loss (CFL) adopt various strategies to complete activities of daily living (ADL). Using objective movement analysis, we compared how three ADLs were completed by people with CFL compared with age-matched, visually healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen participants with CFL (age 81 ± 10 years) and 10 age-matched, visually healthy (age 75 ± 5 years) participated. Three ADLs were assessed: pick up food from a plate, pour liquid from a bottle, and insert a key in a lock. Participants with CFL completed each ADL habitually (as they would in their home). Data were compared with visually healthy participants who were asked to complete the tasks as they would normally, but under specified experimental conditions. Movement kinematics were compared using three-dimension motion analysis (Vicon). Visual functions (distance and near acuities, contrast sensitivity, visual fields) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All CFL participants were able to complete each ADL. However, participants with CFL demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) longer overall movement times, shorter minimum viewing distance, and, for two of the three ADL tasks, needed more online corrections in the latter part of the movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that, despite the adoption of various habitual strategies, participants with CFL still do not perform common daily living tasks as efficiently as healthy subjects. Although indices suggesting feed-forward planning are similar, they made more movement corrections and increased time for the latter portion of the action, indicating a more cautious/uncertain approach. Various kinematic indices correlated significantly to visual function parameters including visual acuity and midperipheral visual field loss.
authors.affiliation: Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shahina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pardhan
authors.affiliation: Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom 2Visual Function & Physiology Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Keziah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Latham
authors.affiliation: Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tabrett
authors.affiliation: Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom 3Sports & Exercise Sciences Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Timmis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012607:Scotoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*