title: Typing Candida Species Using Microsatellite Length Polymorphism and Multilocus Sequence Typing.
abstract: To gain more insight into the epidemiological relationships between isolates of Candida spp. obtained from various origins, several molecular typing techniques have been developed. Two methods have emerged in the 2000s as soon as enough knowledge of the Candida spp. genomes was available to choose adequate loci and primers, namely microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). To contrast with previous PCR-based methods, specific amplifications with stringent conditions easily reproducible are the basis of MLP and MLST. MLST relies on Sanger sequencing to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms within housekeeping genes. MLP needs a first in silico step to select tandemly repeated stretches of two to five nucleotides. One of the two primers used to amplify a microsatellite locus is labeled and fragment sizing is automatically performed using high-resolution electrophoresis platforms. MLST provides results easily comparable between laboratories and active MLST schemes are publicly available for the main Candida species. For comparative studies, MLP needs standards to compensate for the electrophoretic variations depending on the platforms used. Both methods can help us gain insight into the genetic relatedness of fungal isolates, both with advantages and drawbacks, and the choice of one method rather than the other depends on the task in question.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France.|CNRS URA3012, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia-Hermoso
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France.|CNRS URA3012, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desnos-Ollivier
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France. stephane.bretagne@sls.aphp.fr.|CNRS URA3012, Paris, France. stephane.bretagne@sls.aphp.fr.|Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. stephane.bretagne@sls.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bretagne
mesh_terms: D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D056426:Genetic Loci; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing
keywords: Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida krusei; Candida parapsilosis; Candida tropicalis; Genotyping; ITS sequencing; Microsatellite polymorphic marker; Mold identification; Multilocus sequence typing; Non-sporulating mold s; Respiratory specimen s; Short tandem repeat