title: The gut microbiome as a target for regulatory T cell-based immunotherapy: induction of regulatory lymphocytes by oral administration of anti-LPS enriched colostrum alleviates immune mediated colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gut-derived bacterial endotoxin is an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of IBD. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintenance of peripheral tolerance and can prevent and alleviate IBD. To determine the immune modulatory effect of anti-LPS enriched hyperimmune colostrum, its ability to induce Tregs and alleviate immune mediated colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune-mediated colitis was induced in mice by intra-colonic instillation of Trinitrobenzene Sulfonate (TNBS). Four groups of mice were orally administered with two dosages of IgG-enriched colostrum fractions. The fractions were harvested from cows immunized against LPS derived from intestinal Escherichia coli bacteria (Imm124E). Control mice received non-immunized colostrum or vehicle (PBS). Treatment was administered one day following sensitization and four additional days following the administration of TNBS. The following parameters in the mice were tracked: body weight, bowel histology, serum cytokine levels and regulatory T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of Imm124E hyperimmune colostrum ameliorated immune-mediated colitis. Significant amelioration of weight reduction was noted in treated mice. Oral administration of Imm124E improved bowel histology. Both the extent of the disease, inflammation score, and colitis damage and regeneration scores decreased in Imm-124E treated animals. These effects were associated with an increase in serum IL10 anti inflammatory cytokine levels, and an increase in CD4 + CD25+ and CD4 + Foxp3+ Tregs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of Imm124E promoted Tregs and alleviated bowel inflammation in immune mediated colitis. The present data suggests that the microbiome may serve as a target for Tregs-based immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. AmiB@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Ya'acov
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Yoav@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Lida@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Lidya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zolotarov
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. ilan@hadassah.org.il.
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ilan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid