title: Evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation in primary molar teeth using three different rotary systems and hand files.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the amount of debris extruded apically during root canal preparation using various nickel titanium instrumentation systems and hand files in primary molar teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted primary first mandibular molar human teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 teeth for each group). The canals were then instrumented with the following instrument systems: Revo-S, Mtwo, ProTaper Next, and hand files. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey's post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ProTaper Next files were associated with less apically extruded debris than the Mtwo, Revo-S, and hand files (P < 0.05). Hand files extruded more debris than Mtwo and Revo-S instruments (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference found between the Mtwo and Revo-S instruments (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All instruments were associated with apical extrusion of debris. ProTaper Next files caused less debris extrusion compared to the other systems used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Topçuoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin Sinan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Topçuoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Firdevs
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akpek
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium