title: Single Chirality (6,4) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fluorescence Imaging with Silicon Detectors.
abstract: Postsynthetic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sorting methods such as density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel chromatography, and electrophoresis have all been inspired by established biochemistry separation techniques designed to separate subcellular components. Biochemistry separation techniques have been refined to the degree that parameters such as pH, salt concentration, and temperature are necessary for a successful separation, yet these conditions are only now being applied to SWCNT separation methodologies. Slight changes in pH produce radically different behaviors of SWCNTs inside a density gradient, allowing for the facile separation of ultrahigh purity (6,4) SWCNTs from as-synthesized carbon nanotubes. The (6,4) SWCNTs are novel fluorophores emitting below ≈900 nm and can be easily detected with conventional silicon-based charge-coupled device detectors without the need for specialized InGaAs cameras. The (6,4) SWCNTs are used to demonstrate their potential as a clinically relevant NIR-I fluorescence stain for the immunohistochemical staining of cells and cancer tissue sections displaying high endothelial growth factor receptor levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Antaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Omar K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Yaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012825:Silicon
keywords: bioimaging; carbon nanotubes; density gradient ultracentrifugation; nanotechnology