title: Regional Cortical Surface Area in Adolescents: A Preliminary MRI Twin Study of Genetic and Environmental Contributions.
abstract: Cortical surface area (CSA) has particular relevance for understanding development, behavior, and the connection between brain structure and function. Little is known about genetic and environmental determinants of CSA during development. We utilized bivariate twin methods to identify global and regionally specific genetic factors which influence CSA in a preliminary sample of typically-developing adolescents, with hypotheses based on findings in middle-aged adults. Similar to previous findings, we observed high heritability for total CSA. There was also significant evidence for genetic influences on regional CSA, particularly when these were not adjusted for total CSA, with highest heritability in frontal cortex and relatively fewer genetic contributions to medial temporal cortical structures. Adjustment for total CSA reduced regional CSA heritability dramatically, but a moderate influence of genetic factors remained in some regions. Both global and regionally-specific genetic factors influence regional CSA during adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. 51687040@qq.com.|The Second Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, 719000, Shanxi, China. 51687040@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xingshun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.|Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 400000, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Mingli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, 719000, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, 719000, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, 719000, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. fyx7766@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yixiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. mhq99666@sina.com.
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. xuntao26@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
keywords: Adolescents; Cortex; Heritability; Surface area; Twin