title: Factors Associated with Respiratory Illness in Children and Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe associations between respiratory illness and its potential predictors in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of self- and caregiver-reported respiratory symptoms for individuals aged up to 26 years with CP. Respiratory illness was indicated by 2 outcomes: (1) ≥1 respiratory hospitalizations in the past year; and (2) ≥2 courses of antibiotics for respiratory symptoms in the past year. ORs were calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 551 participants, aged 1-26 years, distributed across all gross motor function classification scale (GMFCS) levels. In univariate analyses, factors significantly associated with respiratory hospitalizations were weekly respiratory symptoms (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.78-3.00), respiratory symptoms during meals (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.50-5.80), gastroesophageal reflux (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.71-5.31), coughing or choking on saliva (OR 4.36, 95% CI 2.38-8.01), current asthma (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.97-6.42), age (0-3 years) (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.19-8.80, compared with 13-17 years), seizures (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.96-6.08), and scoliosis (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.16-3.97). Nonambulatory individuals (GMFCS IV-V) were at significantly increased risk of hospitalizations only if they had food modifications and/or nasogastric or gastrostomy tube feeds (OR 5.36, 95% CI 2.89-9.96, compared with GMFCS I-III with no food modifications and no tube). All factors, except seizures and scoliosis, were significantly associated with multiple courses of antibiotics in univariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oromotor dysfunction is strongly associated with respiratory illness in patients with CP.
authors.affiliation: Therapy and Health Services, Ability Centre, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: marie.blackmore@abilitycentre.com.au.
authors.forename: Amanda Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Blackmore
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; Pediatric Rehabilitation, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bear
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: Therapy and Health Services, Ability Centre, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia; Physiotherapy, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Noula
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Therapy and Health Services, Ability Centre, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Caris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jalla
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rehabilitation, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.affiliation: Therapy and Health Services, Ability Centre, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moshovis
authors.affiliation: Perth Children's Hospital Project, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kellie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steer
authors.affiliation: Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult