title: Use of hydrodynamic cavitation in (waste)water treatment.
abstract: The use of acoustic cavitation for water and wastewater treatment (cleaning) is a well known procedure. Yet, the use of hydrodynamic cavitation as a sole technique or in combination with other techniques such as ultrasound has only recently been suggested and employed. In the first part of this paper a general overview of techniques that employ hydrodynamic cavitation for cleaning of water and wastewater is presented. In the second part of the paper the focus is on our own most recent work using hydrodynamic cavitation for removal of pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, carbamazepine), toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa), green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris), bacteria (Legionella pneumophila) and viruses (Rotavirus) from water and wastewater. As will be shown, hydrodynamic cavitation, like acoustic, can manifest itself in many different forms each having its own distinctive properties and mechanisms. This was until now neglected, which eventually led to poor performance of the technique. We will show that a different type of hydrodynamic cavitation (different removal mechanism) is required for successful removal of different pollutants. The path to use hydrodynamic cavitation as a routine water cleaning method is still long, but recent results have already shown great potential for optimisation, which could lead to a low energy tool for water and wastewater cleaning.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: matevz.dular@fs.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Matevž
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dular
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 28, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tjaša
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Griessler-Bulc
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ion
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosjek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 28, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krivograd Klemenčič
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oder
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petkovšek
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Nejc
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rački
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravnikar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Šarc
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Brane
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Širok
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zupanc
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Miha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Žitnik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 28, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kompare
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Cleaning; Cyanobacteria; Hydrodynamic cavitation; Legionella bacteria; Microalgae; Pharmaceuticals; Viruses; Wastewater