title: Identification of Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target Candidates for Diagnosis and Treatment of Follicular Adenoma.
abstract: Follicular adenoma is a type of benign and encapsulated nodule in the thyroid gland, but some adenomas have the potential to progress to follicular carcinoma. Therefore, it is important to monitor the state and progress of follicular adenoma in the clinic and discover drug development targets for the treatment of follicular adenoma to prevent its worsening to follicular carcinoma. Currently, the study of biomarkers and therapeutic targets lacks applications of up-to-date technologies, including proteomics and bioinformatics. To discover novel protein biomarker and therapeutic target candidates, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach was applied to directly compare follicular adenoma with normal thyroid tissue samples. The proteomics analysis revealed 114 protein biomarker candidates out of 1,780 identified and quantified proteins. A comprehensive approach to prioritize the biomarker candidates by category and rank revealed CD63, DDB1, TYMP, VDAC2, and DCXR as the top five biomarker candidates. Upstream regulator analysis using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software discovered four therapeutic target candidates for follicular adenoma, including TGFB1, MYC, ANGPT2, and NFE2L2. This study provided biomarker and therapeutic target candidates for a follow-up study, which will facilitate monitoring and treatment of follicular adenoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A. Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A. xlai@iu.edu chen251@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Xianyin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A. xlai@iu.edu chen251@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Shaoxiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019295:Computational Biology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D030562:Databases, Protein; D015195:Drug Design; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D040901:Proteomics; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D060149:Tetraspanin 30 / Q000378:metabolism; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050996:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C554586:CD63 protein, human; C091435:DDB1 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C494765:VDAC2 protein, human; D050996:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases; C023300:L-xylulose reductase; C543750:TYMP protein, human; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase
keywords: Adenoma; biomarker; follicular; mass spectrometry; therapeutic target