title: Quality measures for acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality and safety are important priorities in the care of critically ill patients. For patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) or for those receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), measures and outcomes associated with quality of care have been suboptimally developed and evaluated. The review is timely as it summarizes current quality practices in AKI and CRRT, and presents ongoing and future developments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review begins with the history of quality and safety in healthcare. We then discuss the current quality of care offered in AKI and CRRT. Quality measure development methodology, such as plan-do-study-act and the focus-analyze-describe-execute models and lean thinking are then presented and discussed. Finally, recent evidence for quality in AKI and CRRT care, including proposed quality measures, are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few studies have examined the quality of care provided to patients with AKI and CRRT. Evidence suggests opportunities to improve the quality of care received by patients at risk of or who have developed AKI. Priorities for improving quality of care exist across several important themes including risk identification, diagnosis, monitoring, investigation, and strategies for management. Similarly, evidence-informed quality measures of CRRT care have not been rigorously evaluated. These are important knowledge-to-care gaps that require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada bDivision of Nephrology, Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Oleksa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rewa
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mottes
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bagshaw
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D061214:Patient Safety; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors