title: The Warden procedure can be successfully performed using minimally invasive cardiac surgery without aortic clamping.
abstract: Currently, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has found widespread use even in congenital heart surgery. The number of defects, which can be corrected through a small incision or totally endoscopic, is on the rise. Nowadays, surgeons can repair atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and other congenital heart defects using minimally invasive techniques. In this paper, we report 21 cases of successful repair of supracardiac partial anomalous right upper and middle pulmonary venous connection, using the Warden procedure. It was performed in children through the right-sided midaxillary thoracotomy with direct cardiopulmonary bypass cannulation and induction of ventricular fibrillation. There were no operative or early postoperative deaths or complications. All patients were in sinus rhythm at discharge. According to echocardiography, there were no cases of early SVC or pulmonary veins narrowing. The Warden procedure can be performed safely and efficiently using the minimally invasive cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation a_zubritskij@meshalkin.ru.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zubritskiy
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arkhipov
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khapaev
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Yuriy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naberukhin
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omelchenko
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Yuriy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gorbatykh
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogachev-Prokophiev
authors.affiliation: Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karaskov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D012587:Scimitar Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anomalous pulmonary venous connection; Minimally invasive cardiac surgery; Warden procedure