title: Anagrus breviphragma Soyka Short Distance Search Stimuli.
abstract: Anagrus breviphragma Soyka (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) successfully parasitises eggs of Cicadella viridis (L.) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), embedded in vegetal tissues, suggesting the idea of possible chemical and physical cues, revealing the eggs presence. In this research, three treatments were considered in order to establish which types of cue are involved: eggs extracted from leaf, used as a control, eggs extracted from leaf and cleaned in water and ethanol, used to evaluate the presence of chemicals soluble in polar solvents, and eggs extracted from leaf and covered with Parafilm (M), used to avoid physical stimuli due to the bump on the leaf surface. The results show that eggs covered with Parafilm present a higher number of parasitised eggs and a lower probing starting time with respect to eggs washed with polar solvents or eggs extracted and untreated, both when the treatments were singly tested or when offered in sequence, independently of the treatment position. These results suggest that the exploited stimuli are not physical due to the bump but chemicals that can spread in the Parafilm, circulating the signal on the whole surface, and that the stimuli that elicit probing and oviposition are not subjected to learning.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiappini
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berzolla
authors.affiliation: Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oppo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004531:Eggs / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D010058:Oviposition; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology