title: Genome-Wide Annotation and Comparative Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases in Basidiomycete Biotrophic Plant Pathogens.
abstract: Fungi are an exceptional source of diverse and novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, with catalytic versatility. Agaricomycotina saprophytes have yielded most of the available information on basidiomycete P450s. This resulted in observing similar P450 family types in basidiomycetes with few differences in P450 families among Agaricomycotina saprophytes. The present study demonstrated the presence of unique P450 family patterns in basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens that could possibly have originated from the adaptation of these species to different ecological niches (host influence). Systematic analysis of P450s in basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens belonging to three different orders, Agaricomycotina (Armillaria mellea), Pucciniomycotina (Melampsora laricis-populina, M. lini, Mixia osmundae and Puccinia graminis) and Ustilaginomycotina (Ustilago maydis, Sporisorium reilianum and Tilletiaria anomala), revealed the presence of numerous putative P450s ranging from 267 (A. mellea) to 14 (M. osmundae). Analysis of P450 families revealed the presence of 41 new P450 families and 27 new P450 subfamilies in these biotrophic plant pathogens. Order-level comparison of P450 families between biotrophic plant pathogens revealed the presence of unique P450 family patterns in these organisms, possibly reflecting the characteristics of their order. Further comparison of P450 families with basidiomycete non-pathogens confirmed that biotrophic plant pathogens harbour the unique P450 families in their genomes. The CYP63, CYP5037, CYP5136, CYP5137 and CYP5341 P450 families were expanded in A. mellea when compared to other Agaricomycotina saprophytes and the CYP5221 and CYP5233 P450 families in P. graminis and M. laricis-populina. The present study revealed that expansion of these P450 families is due to paralogous evolution of member P450s. The presence of unique P450 families in these organisms serves as evidence of how a host/ecological niche can influence shaping the P450 content of an organism. The present study initiates our understanding of P450 family patterns in basidiomycete biotrophic plant pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lehlohonolo Benedict
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Qhanya
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matowane
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Wanping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Mpholoseng
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Letsimo
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3155 MSB, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Samson Sitheni
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mashele
authors.affiliation: Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South Africa.
authors.forename: Khajamohiddin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syed
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System