title: A Preliminary In Vivo Assessment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee Kinematics With the KneeM Device: A New Method to Assess Rotatory Laxity Using Open MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methods of objectively measuring rotational knee laxity are either experimental or difficult to use in daily practice. A new method has been developed to quantitatively assess rotatory laxity using an open MRI system and new tool, the KneeM device.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform a preliminary evaluation of a novel knee rotation measurement device to assess knee kinematics during flexion in an MRI field, in both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient and healthy contralateral knees. The hypothesis was that the KneeM device would allow in vivo reproduction and analysis of knee kinematics during flexion in healthy and ACL-deficient knees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects (7 men and 3 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 32.3 ± 9.4 years) with ACL-deficient knees and contralateral uninjured knees participated in the study. An open MRI was performed with the KneeM device at a mean 4.9 months (range, 3.0-7 months) after ACL injury. The device exerted on the knee an anterior drawer force of 100 N, with an internal rotation of 20°, through the range of flexion (0°, 20°, 40°, and 60°). Both ACL-deficient and healthy contralateral knees were analyzed using the Iwaki method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference of anterior translation in the medial compartment between intact and ACL-deficient knees at all degrees of flexion. However, significant differences in the anterior translation of the lateral compartment were observed between ACL-deficient and intact contralateral knees at 0° and 20° of flexion (P = .005 and P = .002, respectively). Between 20° and 40°, the lateral plateau of ACL-deficient knees translated 7.7 mm posteriorly, whereas the medial compartment remained stable, reflecting a sudden external rotation of the lateral plateau under the femoral condyle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that measurement of tibiofemoral movements in both compartments during flexion using the KneeM device was useful for quantifying rotatory laxity in ACL-deficient knees. Moreover, this device seemed to allow a "mechanized pivot shift" and allowed reproduction of the "pivot" phase in the MRI field between 20° and 40° of flexion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This device could be used for diagnostic purposes or to investigate the outcomes of ACL reconstructions.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tardy
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kouyoumdjian
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Medical Information, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demattei
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asencio
keywords: MRI-compatible device; knee; open MRI; pivot shift; rotatory laxity