title: Low-power broadband homonuclear dipolar recoupling in MAS NMR by two-fold symmetry pulse schemes for magnetization transfers and double-quantum excitation.
abstract: We provide an experimental, numerical, and high-order average Hamiltonian evaluation of an open-ended series of homonuclear dipolar recoupling sequences, SR [Formula: see text] with p=1,2,3,…. While operating at a very low radio-frequency (rf) power, corresponding to a nutation frequency of 1/2 of the magic-angle spinning (MAS) rate (ωnut=ωr/2), these recursively generated double-quantum (2Q) dipolar recoupling schemes offer a progressively improved compensation to resonance offsets and rf inhomogeneity for increasing pulse-sequence order p. The excellent recoupling robustness to these experimental obstacles, as well as to CSA, is demonstrated for 2Q filtering (2QF) experiments and for driving magnetization transfers in 2D NMR correlation spectroscopy, where the sequences may provide either double or zero quantum dipolar Hamiltonians during mixing. Experimental and numerical demonstrations, which mostly target conditions of "ultra-fast" MAS (≳50kHz) and high magnetic fields, are provided for recoupling of (13)C across a wide range of isotropic and anisotropic chemical shifts, as well as dipolar coupling constants, encompassing [2,3-(13)C2]alanine, [1,3-(13)C2]alanine, diammonium [1,4-(13)C2]fumarate, and [U-(13)C]tyrosine. When compared at equal power levels, a superior performance is observed for the SR [Formula: see text] sequences with p⩾3 relative to existing and well-established 2Q recoupling techniques. At ultra-fast MAS, proton decoupling is redundant during the homonuclear dipolar recoupling of dilute spins in organic solids, which renders the family of SR [Formula: see text] schemes the first efficient 2Q recoupling option for general applications, such as 2Q-1Q correlation NMR and high-order multiple-quantum excitation, under truly low-power rf conditions.
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gholamhasan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teymoori
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bholanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pahari
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: mattias.eden@mmk.su.se.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edén
keywords: Average Hamiltonian theory; Double-quantum coherence; Homonuclear recoupling; Low-power recoupling; Magic-angle spinning; Symmetry-based pulse sequences