title: The role of the cannabinoid receptor in adolescents' processing of facial expressions.
abstract: The processing of emotional faces is an important prerequisite for adequate social interactions in daily life, and might thus specifically be altered in adolescence, a period marked by significant changes in social emotional processing. Previous research has shown that the cannabinoid receptor CB1R is associated with longer gaze duration and increased brain responses in the striatum to happy faces in adults, yet, for adolescents, it is not clear whether an association between CBR1 and face processing exists. In the present study we investigated genetic effects of the two CB1R polymorphisms, rs1049353 and rs806377, on the processing of emotional faces in healthy adolescents. They participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging during a Faces Task, watching blocks of video clips with angry and neutral facial expressions, and completed a Morphed Faces Task in the laboratory where they looked at different facial expressions that switched from anger to fear or sadness or from happiness to fear or sadness, and labelled them according to these four emotional expressions. A-allele versus GG-carriers in rs1049353 displayed earlier recognition of facial expressions changing from anger to sadness or fear, but not for expressions changing from happiness to sadness or fear, and higher brain responses to angry, but not neutral, faces in the amygdala and insula. For rs806377 no significant effects emerged. This suggests that rs1049353 is involved in the processing of negative facial expressions with relation to anger in adolescence. These findings add to our understanding of social emotion-related mechanisms in this life period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Luise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.|Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cattrell
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.|Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conrod
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.|Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sylvane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desrivières
authors.affiliation: Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frouin
authors.affiliation: Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos-Orfanos
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ittermann
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gowland
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.|Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, CEA, DSV, I2BM-Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.|University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.|University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinot
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, CEA, DSV, I2BM-Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.|University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.|University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paillère Martinot
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Section of Systems Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Section of Systems Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.|Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nees
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D000066499:Facial Recognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1
keywords: amygdala; cannabinoid; emotion; limbic