title: Broadening of Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Is Indicative of Residual Viral Replication in Aviremic SIV Controllers.
abstract: Control of HIV replication is a rare immunological event, providing clues to understand the viral control mechanism. CD8+ T-cell responses are crucial for virus control, but it is unclear whether lasting HIV containment can be achieved after establishment of infection. Here, we describe lasting SIV containment in a macaque AIDS model. Analysis of ten rhesus macaques that controlled viremia for 2 years post-infection found accumulation of proviral gag and nef CD8+ T-cell escape mutations in four of them. These four controllers mounted CD8+ T cells targeting Gag, Nef, and other viral proteins at 4 months, suggesting that broadening of CD8+ T-cell targets can be an indicator of the beginning of viral control failure. The remaining six aviremic SIV controllers, however, harbored proviruses without mutations and showed no or little broadening of their CD8+ T-cell responses in the chronic phase. Indeed, three of the latter six exhibiting no change in CD8+ T-cell targets showed gradual decreases in SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies, implying a concomitant reduction in viral replication. Thus, stability of the breadth of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses may represent a status of lasting HIV containment by CD8+ T cells.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akari
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taeko K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.|The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication