title: Telomere homeostasis in mammalian germ cells: a review.
abstract: Telomeres protect against genome instability and participate in chromosomal movements during gametogenesis, especially in meiosis. Thus, maintaining telomere structure and telomeric length is essential to both cell integrity and the production of germ cells. As a result, alteration of telomere homeostasis in the germ line may result in the generation of aneuploid gametes or gametogenesis disruption, triggering fertility problems. In this work, we provide an overview on fundamental aspects of the literature regarding the organization of telomeres in mammalian germ cells, paying special attention to telomere structure and function, as well as the maintenance of telomeric length during gametogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the different roles recently described for telomerase and TERRA in maintaining telomere functionality. Finally, we review how new findings in the field of reproductive biology underscore the role of telomere homeostasis as a potential biomarker for infertility. Overall, we anticipate that the study of telomere stability and equilibrium will contribute to improve diagnoses of patients; assess the risk of infertility in the offspring; and in turn, find new treatments.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.|Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.|Grup de Fisiologia Molecular de la Sinaps, IIB Sant Pau C/ant Anton M Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reig-Viader
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. montserrat.garcia.caldes@uab.cat.|Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. montserrat.garcia.caldes@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Caldés
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. aurora.ruizherrera@uab.cat.|Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. aurora.ruizherrera@uab.cat.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Herrera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019098:Telomerase
keywords: Infertility; Meiosis; Oocytes; Spermatocytes; TERRA; Telomerase; Telomeres