title: Human Salivary Micro-RNA in Patients with Parotid Salivary Gland Neoplasms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, clinical examination, ultrasound scanning (with or without fine needle aspiration cytology), preoperative CT-scan and MRI are available for the differential diagnosis of parotid gland swelling. A preliminary non-invasive salivary diagnostic tool may be helpful in the clinical decision making process. Altered salivary micro-RNA (miRNA) expression levels have been observed in saliva from patients with various cancers. Therefore, we investigated miRNA expression levels in saliva samples from patients with a parotid gland neoplasm using Human miRNA cards in comparison to controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the discovery phase, eight miRNAs were identified having different expression levels in patients compared to controls. In the validation phase, the differences in miRNA expression levels between patients and controls were confirmed for seven out of eight discovered miRNAs (p < 0.001). A combination of two miRNAs yielded a receiver-operator-characteristics curve with an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87-1.00; sensitivity 91%; specificity 86%). Validation of discovered miRNAs in segregated collected parotid saliva revealed that expression of these miRNAs differ between whole saliva and parotid saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A two miRNA combination can predict the presence of a parotid gland neoplasm. Furthermore, this study suggested that the identified, patient-specific, salivary miRNAs were not derived from the parotid gland itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, VU University medical center / Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Oral Biochemistry ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Matse
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Statistics Core, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Statistics Core, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elashoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bolscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Enno C I
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C René
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.forename: D Michiel
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pegtel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michiel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pegtel
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: David T W
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, VU University medical center / Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Pathology, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bloemena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs