title: Three-dimensional localization of polymer nanoparticles in cells using ToF-SIMS.
abstract: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) three-dimensional (3D) depth profiling and a novel background subtraction method were used to localize polymeric nanoparticles within cells. Results showed that ToF-SIMS 3D depth profiling is capable of localizing polymer nanoparticles within HeLa cells. ToF-SIMS results compared well with optical images of cells incubated with fluorescently labeled polymer nanoparticles, with both imaging techniques demonstrating clustering of nanoparticles in punctate regions consistent with endosomal localization as anticipated based on the nanoparticle design.
authors.affiliation: National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Seattle, Washington, 98195 and Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Stayton
authors.affiliation: National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Seattle, Washington, 98195; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Castner
mesh_terms: D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis*; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers