title: Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminthostachys zeylanica Extracts via Inhibiting Bradykinin-Induced MMP-9 Expression in Brain Astrocytes.
abstract: Phytochemicals present in vegetables, fruits, and herbs are believed to reduce the risk of several major diseases including cardiovascular or neurodegenerative disorders. The roots of the fern Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook. (Ophioglossaceae) have been used for centuries in the treatment of inflammation and as a folk medicine in several countries. The plant has been shown to possess an array of medicinal properties, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, a rising level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been found in blood fluid of these patients suffering from brain inflammatory diseases, which may be considered an inflammatory biomarker in several inflammatory diseases including the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Previously, we have demonstrated the signaling mechanisms of bradykinin (BK)-induced MMP-9 expression in brain astrocytes. Herein, we evaluate the effects of H. zeylanica extracts on BK-induced MMP-9 expression in brain astrocytes and its influencing mechanism. The results showed that H. zeylanica extracts, including E0, E1, and E2 significantly reduce MMP-9 induced by BK in brain astrocytes (RBA-1 cells). These H. zeylanica extracts can inhibit BK-stimulated phosphorylation of c-Src, Pyk2, and PKC(α/δ). Moreover, BK-stimulated NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has also been attenuated by pretreatment with these extracts, suggesting that the H. zeylanica extracts have an antioxidative activity. We further demonstrated that the H. zeylanica extracts blocked activation of MAPKs (e.g., ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK) by BK. These data indicated that the H. zeylanica extracts may be has anti-inflammatory activity by reducing BK-induced ROS-dependent MMP-9 expression via these related pathways in brain astrocytes.
authors.forename: Chuen-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sien-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center and Stroke Section, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsong-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chwan-Fwu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mei-Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gui-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. hlhsieh@mail.cgust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsi-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D064028:Tracheophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D001920:Bradykinin
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Bradykinin; Brain astrocytes; Helminthostachys zeylanica; MMP-9