title: [Pain fluctuations in Parkinson's disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To specify the character of pain syndromes and determine their relationship with main symptoms of ON and OFF periods in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Authors examined 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (27 women and 13 men), mean age 69.2±8 years (from 62 to 85 years), illness duration 9.2±1.2 years (from 7 to 11 years), duration of treatment with levodopa 6.9±1.2 years (from 5 to 9 years). The severity of disease course, character and intensity of pain syndrome were assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We described pain syndromes that had differences in the pathogenesis and localization. Adjustment of the antiparkinsonian treatment resulted in the decrease in their severity. Motor fluctuations and drug-induced dyskinesia that was accompanied by pain sensations were the most frequent signs of Parkinson's disease during its progression. The pain syndrome was related to main symptoms of the ON and OFF period in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa. The pain fluctuations had both nociceptive and central neuropathic pain phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Veteran Hospital, Kazan.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yakovleva
authors.affiliation: Kazan Medical University, Kazan.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zalyalova
authors.affiliation: Kazan Medical University, Kazan.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Altunbaev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa