title: Matrix-type transdermal films to enhance simvastatin ex vivo skin permeability.
abstract: This study aimed at employing Plackett-Burman design in screening formulation variables that affect quality of matrix-type simvastatin (SMV) transdermal film. To achieve this goal, 12 formulations were prepared by casting method. The investigated variables were Eudragit RL percentage, polymer mixture percentage, plasticizer type, plasticizer percentage, enhancer type, enhancer percentage and dichloromethane fraction in organic phase. The films were evaluated for physicochemical properties and ex vivo SMV permeation. SMV initial, delayed flux, diffusivity and permeability coefficient were calculated on the delayed flux phase with constraint to minimize the initial flux and approaching steady-state flux. The obtained results revealed flat films with homogeneous distribution of SMV within the films. Thickness values changed from 65 to 180 μm by changing the factors' combinations. Most of the permeation profiles showed sustained release feature with fast permeation phase followed by slow phase. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant effects (p < 0.05) of the investigated variables on the responses with Prob > F values of 0.0147, 0.0814, 0.0063 and 0.0142 for the initial and delayed fluxes, permeability coefficients and diffusivities, respectively. The findings of screening study showed the importance of the significant variables to be scaled up for full optimization study as a promising alternative drug delivery system.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.|b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: El-Say
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.|c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia , Egypt , and.
authors.forename: Osama A A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bader M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Aljaeid
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.|d Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zidan
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D057968:Transdermal Patch
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D011108:Polymers; C058665:Eudragit RL; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: Diffusion; Eudragit; ex vivo permeation; experimental design; solvent casting