title: Oral administration and younger age decrease plasma concentrations of voriconazole in pediatric patients.
abstract: Voriconazole is used for treating or preventing invasive aspergillosis and other invasive fungal infections. To minimize adverse reactions and to maximize treatment effects, therapeutic drug monitoring should be performed. However, it is challenging to optimize daily voriconazole dosing because limited data have been published so far on pediatric patients. We retrospectively analyzed voriconazole concentrations in patients aged 0-18 years. In addition, a literature review was conducted. In our study cohort, younger age and oral administration were significantly associated with lower plasma voriconazole concentrations (P < 0.01). An unfavorable outcome was associated with low concentrations of voriconazole (P = 0.01). Reports of voriconazole administration in pediatric patients show that higher doses are required in younger children and in patients receiving oral administration. Hence, the current data suggest that we should escalate both initial and maintenance doses of voriconazole in pediatric patients, particularly in patients of younger age receiving an oral administration of voriconazole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: mnagao@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichiyama
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D065819:Voriconazole
keywords: Invasive aspergillosis; Pediatric patients; Voriconazole