title: What Do We Know about Individuals Who Are Assessed as Being at Moderate Risk for Future Fracture in Canada?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined what was known about individuals in Canada who were assessed as being at moderate risk for future fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  A scoping review was conducted. Eligible articles were Canadian studies published from 2010 onwards reporting on primary data that included patients at moderate risk for future fracture. We limited the search to Canada as fracture risk categorization is unique to each country. Studies were identified by searching relevant databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts to determine each study's eligibility. General information about each study, demographic information about the moderate risk groups (including tool used to determine moderate risk (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada (CAROC)), and outcomes (number of patients: recommended treatment, prescribed treatment, initiating treatment, persisting with treatment after six months, who re-fractured, who died) were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1193 papers which were further screened for eligibility. Of the 1193 identified, 7 were eligible for the review but only 4 articles contained demographic or outcome data on moderate risk patients. In one study, 1.8% of moderate risk patients died over a mean 5.3 years of observation and in three studies, the risk of fracture was 5.9% over a median of 3 years of follow-up, 8.3% over a mean of 5.4 years, and 14.7% over 10 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a wide knowledge gap in the literature concerning individuals who are assessed as moderate risk for future fracture in Canada.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada ; Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Joanna E M
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Canada, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Kosalan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akilan
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada ; Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Dorcas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beaton
authors.affiliation: Mobility Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bogoch
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boire
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Canada, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Funnell
keywords: Management; Moderate Risk; Osteoporosis; Outcomes; Scoping Review