title: Brominated flame retardants in food and environmental samples from a production area in China: concentrations and human exposure assessment.
abstract: Human exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs: decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (TBX)) in a brominated flame retardant production area (Weifang, Shandong Province, China) was estimated. Thirty food samples, 14 air samples, and 13 indoor dust samples were analyzed. BDE209 and DBDPE were the dominant BFRs in all samples. Higher alternative brominated flame retardant (including DBDPE, HBB, PBEB, PBT, PBBz, and TBX) concentrations were found in vegetables than in fish and meat; thus, plant-original foods might be important alternative BFR sources in the study area. The BDE209 and alternative BFR concentrations in air were 1.5×10(4) to 2.2×10(5) and 620 to 3.6×10(4) pg/m3, respectively. Mean total BFR exposures through the diet, inhalation, and indoor dust ingestion were 570, 3000, and 69 ng/d, respectively (16, 82, and 2% of total intake, respectively). Inhalation was the dominant BFR source except for DBDPE, for which diet dominated. BDE209 contributed 85% of the total BFR intake in the study area.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 10081, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 10081, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 10081, China.
authors.forename: Qiuxu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 10081, China. junjin3799@126.com.|Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 10081, China. junjin3799@126.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environment Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 10081, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001969:Bromobenzenes; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005502:Food; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006801:Humans; D014050:Toluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014992:Xylenes
chemical_list: D001969:Bromobenzenes; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014992:Xylenes; C491509:decabromodiphenyl ethane; D014050:Toluene; C031286:4-xylene; C053745:2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether; C017363:hexabromobenzene
keywords: Brominated flame retardants; Dietary intake; Exposure assessment; Indoor dust ingestion; Inhalation