title: Species Differences in the Geometry of the Anterior Segment Differentially Affect Anterior Chamber Cell Scoring Systems in Laboratory Animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of anterior segment geometry on ocular scoring systems quantifying anterior chamber (AC) cells in humans and 7 common laboratory species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using normative anterior segment dimensions and novel geometric formulae, ocular section volumes measured by 3 scoring systems; Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN), Ocular Services On Demand (OSOD), and OSOD-modified SUN were calculated for each species, respectively. Calculated volumes were applied to each system's AC cell scoring scheme to determine comparative cell density (cells/mm(3)). Cell density values for all laboratory species were normalized to human values and conversion factors derived to create modified scoring schemes, facilitating interspecies comparison with each system, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in anterior segment geometry resulted in marked differences in optical section volume measured. Volumes were smaller in rodents than dogs and cats, but represented a comparatively larger percentage of AC volume. AC cell density (cells/mm(3)) varied between species. Using the SUN and OSOD-modified SUN systems, values in the pig, dog, and cat underestimated human values; values in rodents overestimated human values. Modified normalized scoring systems presented here account for species-related anterior segment geometry and facilitate both intra- and interspecies analysis, as well as translational comparison.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employment of modified AC cell scoring systems that account for species-specific differences in anterior segment anatomy would harmonize findings across species and may be more predictive for determining ocular toxicological consequences in ocular drug and device development programs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.|2 Ocular Services on Demand (OSOD) , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thomasy
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.|2 Ocular Services on Demand (OSOD) , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: J Seth
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.affiliation: 3 Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Timberlake
authors.affiliation: 2 Ocular Services on Demand (OSOD) , Madison, Wisconsin.|4 Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Nonclinical and Translational Sciences, Allergan , Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.|2 Ocular Services on Demand (OSOD) , Madison, Wisconsin.|6 Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology*; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology*; D002415:Cats; D002452:Cell Count; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence