title: Intracranial hemorrhagic infarct after local anesthesia on nasal mucosa: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epinephrine containing local anesthetics are used hemostasis in many cases. Otolaryngologists typically selected to decrease bleeding in surgery field for operations such as especially FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery), septoplasty, septorhinoplasty. In addition to known adverse effects of this local anesthetics agents they have rare complications too.
  
  
  METHODS
  We presented intracranial hemorrhagic infarction in a 41-year-old male patient after using lidocaine with epinephrine for local anesthesia on nasal mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are some publications like this case in the literature. In our case, a hemorrhagic infarction developed after giving the adrenaline/lidocaine infiltration to make up a local anesthesia in the mucosa of the septum. There is not any reported case like this in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We want to emphasize that all surgeons especially the ENT surgeons should be careful while using local anesthetic medicines which contains adrenaline for rare complication of intracranial hemorrhagic infarction. Another fact is that the patients must sign an informed consent form including those situations even for all minor surgical procedures to avoid a medicolegal problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: muratdr63@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koçyiğit
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: safiyegiran@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Safiye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giran Örtekin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: dr.yaslikaya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaslikaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Lütfiye Nuri Burat State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aykut1953@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Aykut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akpinar
keywords: Epinephrine lidocaine; Intracranial hemorrhage; Nasal mucosa