title: Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Electron Microscopic features of a Dacryocystorhinostomy Ostium Cicatrix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to report the histopathological, Immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a dacryocystorhinostomy ostium cicatrix.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective histopathological study was performed in a tertiary eye care setting. Scarred nasal mucosal tissues obtained during endoscopic revisions of 10 previously failed dacryocystorhinostomies secondary to complete cicatricial closure of the ostia were studied. The tissue specimens were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff staining. Special stains used include Masson's trichrome and Alizarin red. Immunohistochemistry was performed using vimentin, smooth muscle actin, CD3, CD5, and CD20. Specimens were processed for ultrastructural analysis as per standard protocols for transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respiratory epithelial regeneration was noted to be complete. Irregular laying of deeply eosinophilic and hyalinized collagen with intervening fibroblasts was noted. Focal areas of new bone formation were seen within the cicatricial tissue with osteocytes and ongoing osteoblastic rimming. The infiltrates were mixture of both T and B lymphocytes and were positive for CD3, CD5, and CD20 immunostaining. Electron microscopy showed disorganized collagen fibrils with numerous fibroblasts and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Amorphous bony osteoid within a fibrillar background with metabolically active osteoblasts showed a vesicular cytoplasm, hyperplastic proliferating mitochondria, large Golgi apparatus, and dense endoplasmic reticulum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is new bone formation within the dense connective tissues of a dacryocystorhinostomy cicatrix. This study may provide useful inputs for further basic science studies aimed at better understanding of wound healing in failed dacryocystorhinostomy.
authors.affiliation: *Dacryology Service, †Ocular Pathology Service, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad; and ‡Department of Pathology, Global Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javed
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Dilip Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Milind N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Naik
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015415:Biomarkers; D014746:Vimentin