title: The association and prognostic relevance of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A and inflammation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) prevents proteolytic degradation of a universal transcription factor, c-Myc. Strong CIP2A expression associates with poor prognosis in early-stage tongue cancer and in other cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate CIP2A and mucosal inflammation in tongue hyperplasia, in tongue cancer, and in its metastasis. Retrospective tongue and lymph node specimens (n = 105) were stained immunohistochemically with polyclonal antibody anti-CIP2A. CIP2A staining intensity and inflammation were assessed semi-quantitatively with light microscopy. CIP2A was similarly detected in tongue cancer and tongue hyperplasia, whereas local inflammation was stronger in cancer (p = 0.000). CIP2A expression was increased in metastasized cancer compared to non-metastasized (p = 0.019). Markers for poorer survival were tumor size of ≥20 mm, presence of metastasis and nodal CIP2A (p = 0.031, p = 0.000, p = 0.042). Cancer patients aged ≥60 with increased inflammation predicted poor survival (p = 0.037). CIP2A and inflammation might play a role in progression of tongue cancer.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seppälä
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Sanni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tervo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Konsta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pohjola
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laranne
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Allergy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toppila-Salmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.|Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paavonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C500266:CIP2A protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A; immunohistochemistry; inflammation; tongue squamous cell carcinoma; tongue squamous cell hyperplasia