title: Cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: A true or perceived risk?
abstract: After the successful introduction of highly active antiretroviral agents the survival of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developed countries has increased substantially. This has allowed the surfacing of several chronic diseases among which cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prominent. The pathogenesis of CVD in HIV is complex and involves a combination of traditional and HIV related factors. An accurate assessment of risk of CVD in these patients is still elusive and as a consequence the most appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions remain controversial.
authors.affiliation: Shima Shahbaz, Paolo Raggi, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahbaz
authors.affiliation: Shima Shahbaz, Paolo Raggi, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manicardi
authors.affiliation: Shima Shahbaz, Paolo Raggi, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
authors.affiliation: Shima Shahbaz, Paolo Raggi, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raggi
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular death; Cardiovascular risk; Dyslipidemia; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Hypertension; Smoking