title: Neural representation of emotion regulation goals.
abstract: The use of top-down cognitive control mechanisms to regulate emotional responses as circumstances change is critical for mental and physical health. Several theoretical models of emotion regulation have been postulated; it remains unclear, however, in which brain regions emotion regulation goals (e.g., the downregulation of fear) are represented. Here, we examined the neural mechanisms of regulating emotion using fMRI and identified brain regions representing reappraisal goals. Using a multimethodological analysis approach, combining standard activation-based and pattern-information analyses, we identified a distributed network of lateral frontal, temporal, and parietal regions implicated in reappraisal and within it, a core system that represents reappraisal goals in an abstract, stimulus-independent fashion. Within this core system, the neural pattern-separability in a subset of regions including the left inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobe was related to the success in emotion regulation. Those brain regions might link the prefrontal control regions with the subcortical affective regions. Given the strong association of this subsystem with inner speech functions and semantic memory, we conclude that those cognitive mechanisms may be used for orchestrating emotion regulation. Hum Brain Mapp 37:600-620, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morawetz
authors.affiliation: Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baudewig
authors.affiliation: Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.|Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.|Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hauke R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Heekeren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D056348:Emotional Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: MVPA; decoding; fMRI; inferior frontal gyrus; inner speech; neuroimaging; pattern classification; reappraisal