title: A membrane-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe with ultra-photostability for mitochondrial membrane potentials.
abstract: Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is a frequently used indicator for mitochondrial function. Herein, we report a photostable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye for monitoring MMP. This new probe, named NIMAP, is non-fluorescent in aqueous solution and can be activated by cell membranes, providing high fluorescence contrast and low background fluorescence. NIMAP has been validated for monitoring MMP in living mammalian cells and in mice. Due to the large fluorescence response, low fluorescence background, high photostability, and excellent tissue penetration resulting from red-shifted excitation and emission in the "optical window" above 600 nm, broad applications of this new probe are expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. huiwang.ai@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. huiwang.ai@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Ao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. manuela.martins@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Omran
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karmach
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. manuela.martins@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Manuela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Martins-Green
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. huiwang.ai@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Hui-Wang
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes