title: Diversification of the Primary Antibody Repertoire by AID-Mediated Gene Conversion.
abstract: Gene conversion, mediated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), has been found to contribute to generation of the primary antibody repertoire in several vertebrate species. Generation of the primary antibody repertoire by gene conversion of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes occurs primarily in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and is best described in chicken and rabbit. Here, we discuss current knowledge of the mechanism of gene conversion as well as the contribution of the microbiota in promoting gene conversion of Ig genes. Finally, we propose that the antibody diversification strategy used in GALT species, such as chicken and rabbit, is conserved in a subset of human and mouse B cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lanning
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. kknight@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000916:Antibody Diversity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005785:Gene Conversion / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013045:Species Specificity; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase