title: Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy versus Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Matched Comparison Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the perioperative and oncological outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (HANU) and robotic-assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent RANU were matched by sex, age (± 5 years), and tumor location to those who underwent HANU; 18 matched pairs were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each group consisted of five men and 13 women. The mean age was 70.4 years in RANU group and 69.6 years in HANU group (p = 0.646). Each group contained 10 patients with tumor location in the renal pelvis, five in the ureter, and three in both sites. The median follow-up time was 6.1 months for the RANU group and 47.8 months for the HANU group. The demographic and pathological data did not differ significantly. The RANU group had significantly less blood loss (p < 0.001), resumed oral intake earlier (p = 0.043), and had shorter hospital stays (p = 0.014) but higher pain scores associated with their wounds (p = 0.043). The oncological outcomes were comparable with those of the HANU group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the RANU and HANU groups have comparable operative, early postoperative, and functional outcomes. A longer follow-up period would be needed for final comparison of oncological outcome.
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan S. Road (Zhongshan S. Road), Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Che-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan Boulevard, Sect. 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Kuang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan S. Road (Zhongshan S. Road), Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan Boulevard, Sect. 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Road, Banqiao District, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Road, Banqiao District, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiu-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan S. Road (Zhongshan S. Road), Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10002, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yeong-Shiau
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D058733:Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000601:surgery*