title: Practice changes beta power at rest and its modulation during movement in healthy subjects but not in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by impairments in cortical plasticity, in beta frequency at rest and in beta power modulation during movement (i.e., event-related ERS [synchronization] and ERD [desynchronization]). Recent results with experimental protocols inducing long-term potentiation in healthy subjects suggest that cortical plasticity phenomena might be reflected by changes of beta power recorded with EEG during rest. Here, we determined whether motor practice produces changes in beta power at rest and during movements in both healthy subjects and patients with PD. We hypothesized that such changes would be reduced in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We thus recorded EEG in patients with PD and age-matched controls before, during and after a 40-minute reaching task. We determined posttask changes of beta power at rest and assessed the progressive changes of beta ERD and ERS during the task over frontal and sensorimotor regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that beta ERS and ERD changed significantly with practice in controls but not in PD. In PD compared to controls, beta power at rest was greater over frontal sensors but posttask changes, like those during movements, were far less evident. In both groups, kinematic characteristics improved with practice; however, there was no correlation between such improvements and the changes in beta power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that prolonged practice in a motor task produces use-dependent modifications that are reflected in changes of beta power at rest and during movement. In PD, such changes are significantly reduced; such a reduction might represent, at least partially, impairment of cortical plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moisello
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031.
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panday
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering CCNY New York New York 10031.
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031 ; Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiological Sciences University of Messina Messina 98125 Italy ; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders NYU-Langone School of Medicine New York New York 10016.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quartarone
authors.affiliation: The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders NYU-Langone School of Medicine New York New York 10016.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Rocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry University of Madison Madison Wisconsin 53719.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry University of Madison Madison Wisconsin 53719.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tononi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience CUNY Medical School New York New York 10031 ; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders NYU-Langone School of Medicine New York New York 10016.
authors.forename: M Felice
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ghilardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D058407:Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Event‐related desynchronization; RRID:nif‐0000‐00076; RRID:nlx_143928; RRID:nlx_155825; RRID:rid_000042; event‐related synchronization; kinematics; motor task; plasticity