title: Definitive airway management of patients presenting with a pre-hospital inserted King LT(S)-D laryngeal tube airway: a historical cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The King LT(S)-D laryngeal tube (King LT) has gained popularity as a bridge airway for pre-hospital airway management. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the use of the King LT and its associated airway outcomes at a single Level 1 trauma centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data on all adult patients presenting to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota with a King LT in situ from July 1, 2007 to October 10, 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Data collected and descriptively analyzed included patient demographics, comorbidities, etiology of respiratory failure, airway complications, subsequent definitive airway management technique, duration of mechanical ventilation, and status at discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight adult patients met inclusion criteria. The most common etiology for respiratory failure requiring an artificial airway was cardiac arrest [28 (58%) patients] or trauma [9 (19%) patients]. Four of the nine trauma patients had facial trauma. Surgical tracheostomy was the definitive airway management technique in 14 (29%) patients. An airway exchange catheter, direct laryngoscopy, and video laryngoscopy were used in 11 (23%), ten (21%), and ten (21%) cases, respectively. Seven (78%) of the trauma patients underwent surgical tracheostomy compared with seven (18%) of the medical patients. Adverse events associated with King LT use occurred in 13 (27%) patients, with upper airway edema (i.e., tongue engorgement and glottic edema) being most common (19%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of patients presenting to a hospital with a King LT, the majority of airway exchanges required an advanced airway management technique beyond direct laryngoscopy. Upper airway edema was the most common adverse observation associated with King LT use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Annery G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Garcia-Marcinkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. diedrich.daniel@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058109:Airway Management / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014139:Tracheostomy