title: Zinc oxide nanoparticle suspensions and layer-by-layer coatings inhibit staphylococcal growth.
abstract: Despite a decade of engineering and process improvements, bacterial infection remains the primary threat to implanted medical devices. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have demonstrated antimicrobial properties. Their microbial selectivity, stability, ease of production, and low cost make them attractive alternatives to silver NPs or antimicrobial peptides. Here we sought to (1) determine the relative efficacy of ZnO-NPs on planktonic growth of medically relevant pathogens; (2) establish the role of bacterial surface chemistry on ZnO-NP effectiveness; (3) evaluate NP shape as a factor in the dose-response; and (4) evaluate layer-by-layer (LBL) ZnO-NP surface coatings on biofilm growth. ZnO-NPs inhibited bacterial growth in a shape-dependent manner not previously seen or predicted. Pyramid shaped particles were the most effective and contrary to previous work, larger particles were more effective than smaller particles. Differential susceptibility of pathogens may be related to their surface hydrophobicity. LBL ZnO-NO coatings reduced staphylococcal biofilm burden by >95%. From the Clinical Editor: The use of medical implants is widespread. However, bacterial colonization remains a major concern. In this article, the authors investigated the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) to prevent bacterial infection. They showed in their experiments that ZnO-NPs significantly inhibited bacterial growth. This work may present a new alternative in using ZnO-NPs in medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McGuffie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Joong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bahng
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glynos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kotov
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Younger
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: jvane@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: VanEpps
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013535:Suspensions; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D013535:Suspensions; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Biofilm; Layer-by-layer; Nanoparticles; Staphylococcus; Zinc oxide