title: Cancer stem cell markers in prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study of ALDH1, SOX2 and EZH2.
abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate the immunohistochemical expression and potential prognostic significance of putative cancer stems cell markers ALDH1, EZH2 and SOX2 in prostate cancer.A total of 142 consecutive radical prostatectomies submitted to one laboratory with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved and retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemistry for the three markers was performed in each case and both univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to evaluate the correlation between the staining patterns and known histopathological prognostic features.ALDH1 showed a statistically significant association with tumour stage p < 0.001), extraprostatic extension (p < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.001). EZH2 correlated with Gleason score (p = 0.044) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.023). SOX2 showed a statistically significant correlation with lymphovascular invasion only (p = 0.018) in both univariate and multivariate analyses.Cancer stem cell markers are variably expressed in prostate adenocarcinoma and immunohistochemical staining for ALDH1 and EZH2 may have a role in predicting tumour aggressiveness before treatment of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane 2Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston 3Department of Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4Department of Urology, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane 5Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld 6Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 7Aquesta Pathology, Taringa, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Admire
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsika
authors.forename: Bhuvana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Sabrina Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mader
authors.forename: Deirdre Margaret
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kiernan
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broomfield
authors.forename: Jinlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kench
authors.forename: Hemamali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samaratunga
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2