title: Structure Elucidation and in Vitro Toxicity of New Azaspiracids Isolated from the Marine Dinoflagellate Azadinium poporum.
abstract: Two strains of Azadinium poporum, one from the Korean West coast and the other from the North Sea, were mass cultured for isolation of new azaspiracids. Approximately 0.9 mg of pure AZA-36 (1) and 1.3 mg of pure AZA-37 (2) were isolated from the Korean (870 L) and North Sea (120 L) strains, respectively. The structures were determined to be 3-hydroxy-8-methyl-39-demethyl-azaspiracid-1 (1) and 3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-39-demethyl-azaspiracid-1 (2) by ¹H- and (13)C-NMR. Using the Jurkat T lymphocyte cell toxicity assay, (1) and (2) were found to be 6- and 3-fold less toxic than AZA-1, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. Bernd.Krock@awi.de.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krock
authors.affiliation: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. urban.tillmann@awi.de.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tillmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea. ericpotvin@kopri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Potvin
authors.affiliation: School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. hjjeong@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. wolfgang.drebing@awi.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drebing
authors.affiliation: Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland. jane.kilcoyne@marine.ie.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kilcoyne
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Jorani
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI 48202, USA. mtwiner@med.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Twiner
authors.affiliation: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. qgothel@jausoft.com.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Göthel
authors.affiliation: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. Matthias.Koeck@awi.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köck
mesh_terms: D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013045:Species Specificity; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
keywords: NMR; lipophilic marine biotoxins; shellfish poisoning