title: The 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20): a self-report instrument for identifying developmental prosopagnosia.
abstract: Self-report plays a key role in the identification of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), providing complementary evidence to computer-based tests of face recognition ability, aiding interpretation of scores. However, the lack of standardized self-report instruments has contributed to heterogeneous reporting standards for self-report evidence in DP research. The lack of standardization prevents comparison across samples and limits investigation of the relationship between objective tests of face processing and self-report measures. To address these issues, this paper introduces the PI20; a 20-item self-report measure for quantifying prosopagnosic traits. The new instrument successfully distinguishes suspected prosopagnosics from typically developed adults. Strong correlations were also observed between PI20 scores and performance on objective tests of familiar and unfamiliar face recognition ability, confirming that people have the necessary insight into their own face recognition ability required by a self-report instrument. Importantly, PI20 scores did not correlate with recognition of non-face objects, indicating that the instrument measures face recognition, and not a general perceptual impairment. These results suggest that the PI20 can play a valuable role in identifying DP. A freely available self-report instrument will permit more effective description of self-report diagnostic evidence, thereby facilitating greater comparison of prosopagnosic samples, and more reliable classification.
authors.affiliation: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC) , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London , London, UK ; Department of Psychology , City University London , London, UK.
authors.forename: Punit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology and Language Sciences , University College London , Bedford Way, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaule
authors.affiliation: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC) , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London , London, UK.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sowden
authors.affiliation: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (MRC) , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London , London, UK ; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London , London, UK.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology , City University London , London, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cook
keywords: congenital prosopagnosia; developmental prosopagnosia; face blindness; face perception; questionnaire; self-report