title: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections and semen quality in 19,098 infertile men in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections in infertile and fertile men and to investigate their effects on the semen quality. The study also aimed to analyze the drug susceptibility of UU and MH to provide guidance for reasonable antibiotic use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19,098 semen specimens were obtained from infertile men at our hospital from January to December 2014. In addition to these specimens, 3368 semen specimens of sperm were obtained from donors at the sperm bank of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Semen analysis was performed using the methods outlined by the World Health Organization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of UU and MH significantly differed between infertile and fertile men. The mean progressive motility, total motility, and normal forms in the semen samples of infertile males positive for UU significantly differed from the corresponding values of uninfected men. However, the semen parameters did not differ between MH-infected and uninfected men. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, UU, MH, and UU mixed with MH were all found susceptible to doxycycline and josamycin with drug resistance rates below 6 %, but both species were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical assessment revealed a significant relationship between UU and MH infections and male infertility. UU was found to significantly affect sperm quality, but this was not the case with MH. Doxycycline and josamycin should be preferred for clinically treating UU and MH infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.|The Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Kongrong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Siyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China. zhuwenbing0971@sina.com.|The Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. zhuwenbing0971@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wenbing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000187:drug effects; D055101:Semen Analysis; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Infection; Male infertility; Mycoplasma hominis; Susceptibility; Ureaplasma urealyticum