title: EFFECT OF INTRAPERITONEAL RESUSCITATION WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM PYRUVATE ON INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK RAT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of intraperitoneal resuscitation (PR) with different concentrations of sodium pyruvate (PY) on intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats hemorrhagic shock (HS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty rats were randomly assigned to six groups. These included: group SHAM, intravenous resuscitation only (VR) group, and four PR groups based on resuscitation fluid: glucose-lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solution (LA), and PY-1.1%, PY-1.6%, and PY-2.2% (concentrations in grams/dL). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored continuously. Blood pH, base excess (BE), lactate, intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), activated caspase-3, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were measured; intestinal mucosal damage index (IMDI) and subcellular changes were observed; apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hours after resuscitation, in PY groups, MPO, MDA, IMDI, AI, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were significantly lower than VR and LA groups, while pH and BE were higher. PY groups showed less expression of activated caspase-3 but elevated ZO-1. Among PY groups, group PY-1.1% had the lowest MPO, MDA and TNF-alpha, and had less pathological damage and subcellular changes than other experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PR using PY solution combined with VR provided protection against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury following HS and resuscitation. Under the same hypertonic condition, 1.1% PY solution showed significant advantages compared with 2.2% and 1.6% solutions. The underlying mechanisms may include the maintenance of hemodynamic stability, regulation of homeostasis, inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, and protection of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zong-Ze
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang-Hu
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Dong-Ling
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D019289:Pyruvic Acid