title: Combining Computational and Social Effort for Collaborative Problem Solving.
abstract: Rather than replacing human labor, there is growing evidence that networked computers create opportunities for collaborations of people and algorithms to solve problems beyond either of them. In this study, we demonstrate the conditions under which such synergy can arise. We show that, for a design task, three elements are sufficient: humans apply intuitions to the problem, algorithms automatically determine and report back on the quality of designs, and humans observe and innovate on others' designs to focus creative and computational effort on good designs. This study suggests how such collaborations should be composed for other domains, as well as how social and computational dynamics mutually influence one another during collaborative problem solving.
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, Computer Science Department, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wagy
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, Computer Science Department, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America.
authors.forename: Josh C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bongard
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003201:Computers; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D011340:Problem Solving; D012371:Robotics