title: Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: a review.
abstract: Biomarkers allow physiological processes to be monitored, in both health and injury. Multiple attempts have been made to use biomarkers in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Identification of such biomarkers could allow improved understanding of the pathological processes involved in TBI, diagnosis, prognostication and development of novel therapies. This review article aims to cover both established and emerging TBI biomarkers along with their benefits and limitations. It then discusses the potential value of TBI biomarkers to military, civilian and sporting populations and the future hopes for developing a role for biomarkers in head injury management.
authors.affiliation: Major Trauma Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toman
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrisson
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Belli
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D052276:Creatine Kinase, BB Form / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D013049:Spectrin / Q000378:metabolism; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C482860:UCHL1 protein, human; D013049:Spectrin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D052276:Creatine Kinase, BB Form; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
keywords: NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROSURGERY; TRAUMA MANAGEMENT