title: Integrated Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Control over Five Years on Kome Island, Tanzania.
abstract: Integrated control strategies are important for sustainable control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, despite their challenges for their effective implementation. With the support of Good Neighbors International in collaboration with National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, integrated control applying mass drug administration (MDA), health education using PHAST, and improved safe water supply has been implemented on Kome Island over 5 years for controlling schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Baseline surveys for schistosomiasis and STHs was conducted before implementation of any integrated control strategies, followed by 4 cross-sectional follow-up surveys on randomly selected samples of schoolchildren and adults in 10 primary schools and 8 villages, respectively, on Kome islands. Those follow-up surveys were conducted for impact evaluation after introduction of control strategies interventions in the study area. Five rounds of MDA have been implemented from 2009 along with PHAST and improved water supply with pumped wells as other control strategies for complementing MDA. A remarkable steady decline of schistosomiasis and STHs was observed from 2009 to 2012 with significant trends in their prevalence decline, and thereafter infection rate has remained at a low sustainable control. By the third follow-up survey in 2012, Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence was reduced by 90.5% and hookworm by 93.3% among schoolchildren while in adults the corresponding reduction was 83.2% and 56.9%, respectively. Integrated control strategies have successfully reduced S. mansoni and STH infection status to a lower level. This study further suggests that monitoring and evaluation is a crucial component of any large-scale STH and schistosomiasis intervention.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Godfrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kaatano
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Julius E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Siza
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mwanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea.
authors.forename: Duk-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
authors.forename: Tai-Soon
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Yil
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Good Neighbors International, Tanzania Western Chapter, P.O. Box 367, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Yunsuk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Good Neighbors International, Tanzania Western Chapter, P.O. Box 367, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Good Neighbors International, Tanzania Western Chapter, P.O. Box 367, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Cyril M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kullaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Changalucha
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
authors.forename: Keeseon S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Eom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D062312:Islands; D060106:Lakes; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013636:Tanzania; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics
keywords: Kome Island (Tanzania); Schistosoma mansoni; control; hookworm; mass drug administration; schistosomiasis; soil-tranmitted helminth