title: A thermogravimetric analysis of the combustion kinetics of karanja (Pongamia pinnata) fruit hulls char.
abstract: The combustion characteristics of Karanj fruit hulls char (KFH-char) was investigated with thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The TGA outlined the char combustion thermographs at a different heating rate and isoconversional methods expressed the combustion kinetics. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods authenticated the char average activation energy at 62.13 and 68.53kJ/mol respectively, enough to derive the char to burnout. However, the Coats-Redfern method verified the char combustion via complex multi-step mechanism; the second stage mechanism has 135kJ/mol average activation energy. The TGA thermographs and kinetic parameters revealed the adequacy of the KFH-char as fuel substrate than its precursor, Karanj fruit hulls (KFH).
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Azharul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auta
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: chbassim@usm.my.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D033641:Millettia / Q000378:metabolism*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013455:Sulfur; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Char; Combustion; Kinetics; Non-isothermal; Thermogravimetry