title: Accelerometer Quantification of Physical Activity and Activity Patterns in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Population Controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the total amount of physical activity (TPA) and time spent in various activity intensities of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and population controls, and to explore factors related to physical activity (PA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were asked to wear a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days and to complete a series of questionnaires. Multivariable regressions were used to assess generic determinants of TPA in patients and controls, and in patients to explore demographic and disease-specific determinants of various PA intensities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty-five patients [51 ± 13 yrs, 60% men, body mass index (BMI) 26.0 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)] and 99 controls (45 ± 12 yrs, 67% men, BMI 25.1 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)) were included. Patients did not differ from controls regarding TPA (589 vs 608 vector count/min, p = 0.98), minutes/day spent in sedentary (524 vs 541, p = 0.17), and light PA (290 vs 290 p = 0.95), but spent fewer minutes/day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; 23 vs 30 min/day, p = 0.006). Perceived functional ability (physical component summary of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) and BMI were associated with TPA independent of having AS (p interaction = 0.21 and 0.94, respectively). Additional analyses in patients showed that time spent in MVPA was negatively influenced by BMI, physical function (Bath AS Functional Index), and disease duration. In patients ≥ 52 years old, a higher Bath AS Disease Activity Index was associated with less time spent in sedentary and more time spent in light activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with controls, patients with AS had similar TPA, but may avoid engagement in higher intensities of PA. Lower levels of functional ability and higher BMI were associated with lower TPA in both patients and controls.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+. s.vangenderen@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Genderen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Désirée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Heijde
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heuft
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Jolanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luime
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spoorenberg
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landewé
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht; Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert, Roermond and Weert; Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, Roermond; Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen; Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden; Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center; Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.S. van Genderen, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and Caphri Research Institute, Maastricht University; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; L. Heuft, MD, PhD, Rheumatology, Sint Laurentius Hospital Roermond, and Sint Jans Gasthuis Weert; J. Luime, PhD, Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; A. Spoorenberg, MD, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; S. Arends, PhD, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, and Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden; R. Landewé, MD, PhD, Professor, Rheumatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, and Rheumatology, Atrium Medical Center; G. Plasqui, PhD, Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plasqui
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: ACCELEROMETER; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; REPORTED OUTCOMES