title: Modified Full Thickness Graded Blepharotomy for Upper Eyelid Retraction Associated With Thyroid Eye Disease in East Asians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the functional and cosmetic outcomes of modified full thickness graded blepharotomy when used for East Asian patients with upper eyelid retraction of thyroid eye disease (TED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of each patient who underwent modified full-thickness blepharotomy at Korea University Guro Hospitals from January 2009 to February 2014 to correct upper eyelid retraction resulting from TED were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Modified full-thickness graded blepharotomies were performed on 22 eyelids of 18 patients. The most common preoperative upper eyelid retraction-associated symptom was asymmetry of the upper eyelid (14 patients, 77.7%) followed by discomfort (10 patients, 55.5%), photophobia (5 patients, 27.7%), and epiphora (4 patients, 22.2%). Most preoperative symptoms improved after blepharotomy (Table 1). Preoperatively, upper eyelid retraction (MRD1; midpupil marginal reflex distance) ranged from 2.3 mm to 6.8 mm (mean, 5.23 ± 0.89) in 22 lids; postoperatively, lid retraction significantly decreased to 3.26 ± 1.23 mm (P = 0.03 by independent t test) (Table 2). Lid retraction was divided into 3 groups according to severity; a severe group (5 eyelids, 27.7%), a moderate group (14 eyelids, 63.6%), and a mild group (3 eyelids, 13.6%). The MRD1 improved regardless of severity (P = 0.03 in the severe group, P = 0.02 in the moderate group, and P = 0.04 in the mild group by independent t test). The MRD1 improvement did not differ significantly among groups (P = 0.08 by Pearson χ t test). At 6 months postoperatively, the midpupil marginal reflex distance was the perfect height in 13 of 22 lids (59.0%), with a mean reduction of 3 mm, whereas 7 of 22 eyelids (31.8%) were at acceptable height and 2 eyelids (9.0%) showed failure. Overall, 18 eyelids (90.9%) exhibited objectively satisfactory results (perfect or acceptable) at 6 months after surgery (Table 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified graded full thickness eyelid blepharotomy is a reliable and safe method for upper eyelid lengthening for East Asian patients with upper eyelid retraction of TED that offers excellent functional and cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; and †Department of Ophthalmology, KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joonsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hwa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Minsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sehyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome