title: FudC, a protein primarily responsible for furfural detoxification in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
abstract: Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain compounds that inhibit microbial growth and fermentation, thereby decreasing the productivity of biofuel and biochemical production. In particular, the heterocyclic aldehyde furfural is one of the most toxic compounds found in these hydrolysates. We previously demonstrated that Corynebacterium glutamicum converts furfural into the less toxic compounds furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid. To date, however, the genes involved in these oxidation and reduction reactions have not been identified in the C. glutamicum genome. Here, we show that Cgl0331 (designated FudC) is mainly responsible for the reduction of furfural into furfuryl alcohol in C. glutamicum. Deletion of the gene encoding FudC markedly diminished the in vivo reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. Purified His-tagged FudC protein from Escherichia coli was also shown to convert furfural into furfuryl alcohol in an in vitro reaction utilizing NADPH, but not NADH, as a cofactor. Kinetic measurements demonstrated that FudC has a high affinity for furfural but has a narrow substrate range for other aldehydes compared to the protein responsible for furfural reduction in E. coli.
authors.affiliation: Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yota
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuge
authors.affiliation: Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Motonori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasunuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan. akondo@kobe-u.ac.jp.|Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan. akondo@kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D005663:Furans / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003067:Coenzymes; D005663:Furans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009249:NADP; C012986:furfuryl alcohol; D005662:Furaldehyde; C060089:2-furoic acid
keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Furfural; Furfuryl alcohol; NADPH