title: Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodontitis Among Male Adults Attending a Primary Healthcare Facility in Jordan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between periodontitis and a high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (HR-OSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 296 males with a mean (±SD) age 40 (8.5) years was selected. Subjects who scored positive in two or more categories of the Berlin questionnaire were considered as having HR-OSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the self-reported symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, 15% of patients were considered as HROSA. Patients with HR-OSA showed higher probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with those with low risk for obstructive sleep apnea (LR-OSA)-2.35±0.69 vs 1.97±0.34 (p=0.000) and 2.95±0.82 vs 2.12±0.55 (p=0.000), respectively. Patients with HR-OSA were more likely to have periodontitis (OR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.03/5.10) compared to patients with LR-OSA. The prevalence of periodontitis varied significantly only among patients according to their response to category 1 (37% responded positively and 20% responded negatively, p=0.003). When the OSA variable was replaced by the individual categories (1, 2 and 3), patients with a positive category 1 (OR=2.27; 95% CI: 11.14/4.45) were more likely to have periodontitis than were patients with a negative response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of finding periodontitis in HR-OSA patients was approximately double that of LR-OSA patients. Habitual snoring was also associated with increased risk for periodontitis.
authors.forename: Rola
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al Habashneh
authors.forename: Basheer
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khassawneh
authors.forename: Yousef S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Khader
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abu-Jamous
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kowolik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology