title: An open randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate ridge preservation and repair using SocketKAP(™) and SocketKAGE(™) : part 2 - three-dimensional alveolar bone volumetric analysis of CBCT imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the efficacy of ridge preservation and repair procedures involving the application of SocketKAP(™) and SocketKAGE(™) devices following tooth removal and (ii) to evaluate alveolar bone volumetric changes at 6 months post-extraction in intact sockets or those with facial wall dehiscence defects using 3-dimensional pre- and postoperative CBCT data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients required 61 teeth extracted. Five cohorts were established: Group A: Intact Socket Negative Control Group B: Intact Socket + SocketKAP(™) Group C: Intact Socket Filled with Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral (ABBM) + SocketKAP(™) Group D: Facial Dehiscence Socket Negative Control Group E: Facial Dehiscence Socket Filled with ABBM + SocketKAP(™) + SocketKAGE(™) . Preoperative CBCT scans were obtained followed by digital subtraction of the test teeth. At 6 months post-extraction, another CBCT scan was obtained. The pre- and postoperative scans were then superimposed, allowing highly accurate quantitative determination of the 3D volumetric alveolar bone volume changes from baseline through 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant volumetric bone loss occurred in all sockets, localized mainly in the 0-3 mm zone apical to the ridge crest. For intact sockets, SocketKAP(™) + ABBM treatment led to a statistically significant greater percentage of remaining mineralized tissue volume when compared to negative control group. A significant difference favoring SocketKAP(™) + SocketKAGE(™) + ABBM treatment was observed for sockets with facial dehiscence defects compared to the negative control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SocketKAP(™) , with ABBM, appears effective in limiting post-extraction volumetric bone loss in intact sockets, while SocketKAP(™) + SocketKAGE + ABBM appears effective in limiting post-extraction bone loss in sockets with dehiscence defects.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center (DRC) and Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit (TEBRU), Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdelhamid
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center (DRC) and Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit (TEBRU), Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omran
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Neema
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bakhshalian
authors.affiliation: College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tarnow
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Homayoun H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zadeh
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D008903:Minerals; D011126:Polypropylenes
keywords: CBCT; alveolar bone grafting; bone substitute; tooth extraction