title: Identification of hypertensive patients with dominant affective temperaments might improve the psychopathological and cardiovascular risk stratification: a pilot, case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases have widely studied psychosomatic connections, data concerning the influence of the psychopathologically important affective temperaments in hypertension are scarce. To define a possibly higher cardiovascular risk subpopulation we investigated in well-treated hypertensive patients with dominant affective temperaments (DOM) and in well-treated hypertensive patients without dominant temperaments the level of depression and anxiety, arterial stiffness and serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (seBDNF).
  
  
  METHODS
  175 hypertensive patients, free of the history of psychiatric diseases, completed the TEMPS-A, Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Scale questionnaires in two primary care practices. Of those 175 patients, 24 DOM patients and 24 hypertensive controls (matched in age, sex and the presence of diabetes) were selected for measurements of arterial stiffness and seBDNF level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beck and Hamilton scores in DOM patients were higher compared with controls. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index did not differ between the groups while in the DOM patients decreased brachial systolic and diastolic and central diastolic blood pressures were found compared with controls. SeBDNF was lower in the DOM group than in the controls (22.4 ± 7.2 vs. 27.3 ± 7.8 ng/mL, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although similar arterial stiffness parameters were found in DOM patients, their increased depression and anxiety scores, the decreased brachial and central diastolic blood pressures as well as the decreased seBDNF might refer to their higher vulnerability regarding the development not only of major mood disorders, but also of cardiovascular complications. These data suggest that the evaluation of affective temperaments should get more attention both with regard to psychopathology and cardiovascular health management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: László
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Levente
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Babos
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsóka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kis-Igari
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Adrienn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pálfy
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torzsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ajándék
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eőry
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalabay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary ; Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary ; MTA-SE Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Xenia
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9015-4203
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rihmer
authors.affiliation: Ist Department of Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Orsolya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cseprekál
authors.affiliation: Ist Department of Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tislér
authors.affiliation: MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodrea
authors.affiliation: MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lénárt
authors.affiliation: MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary ; Health Service of Zugló (ZESZ), Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemcsik
keywords: Affective temperaments; Anxiety; Arterial stiffness; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Cardiovascular risk; Depression; Hypertension