title: Association Between Long-Term Lipid Profiles and Disease Severity in a Large Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term lipid profiles in a large cohort of IBD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of patients from an IBD registry who had more than one measurement of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during the follow-up period were analyzed. The lipid profiles of IBD patients were compared to those of the general population according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2012). Quartiles of cholesterol or triglyceride levels in relation to surrogate markers of disease severity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred and one IBD patients [54% Crohn's disease (CD), 46% ulcerative colitis (UC)] were included. IBD patients had less frequent high total cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol (6 vs. 13 and 5 vs. 10%) and more frequent low HDL and high triglycerides (24 vs. 17 and 33 vs. 25%) compared to the general population (all p < 0.001). Median total cholesterol levels were lower and median triglycerides higher in CD compared to UC (171 vs. 184; 123 vs. 100 mg/dL; both p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, lipid profile was independently associated with hospitalizations (low cholesterol) and IBD surgeries (low cholesterol and high triglycerides).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low total cholesterol and high triglyceride levels are more frequent in IBD patients (in particular CD) compared to healthy controls and are independently associated with more severe disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. skoutroubakis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koutroumpakis
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. cmr95@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramos-Rivers
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. mdr7@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regueiro
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. alhashashj@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Jana G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hashash
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. amb145@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barrie
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. swogerjm@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swoger
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. lkb19@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baidoo
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. mbs53@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. dunnma@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. ikoutroub@med.uoc.gr.
authors.forename: Ioannis E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Koutroubakis
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street PUH Mezzanine Level C Wing, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. biniond@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Binion
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Cholesterol; Crohn’s disease; Triglycerides; Ulcerative colitis