title: West Nile Virus in Resident Birds from Yucatan, Mexico.
abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) in the Americas is thought to be transported at large spatial scales by migratory birds and locally spread and amplified by resident birds. Local processes, including interspecific interactions and dominance of passerine species recognized as competent reservoirs, may boost infection and maintain endemic cycles. Change in species composition has been recognized as an important driver for infection dynamics. Due to migration and changes in species diversity and composition in wintering grounds, changes in infection prevalence are expected. To these changes, we used PCR to estimate the prevalence of WNV in wild resident birds during the dry and rainy seasons of 2012 in Yucatan, Mexico. Serum samples were obtained from 104 wild birds, belonging to six orders and 35 species. We detected WNV in 14 resident birds, representing 11 species and three orders. Prevalences by order was Passeriformes (27%), Columbiformes (6%), and Piciformes (33%). Resident birds positive to WNV from Yucatan may be indicative of local virus circulation and evidence of past virus transmission activity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, Campus Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad #3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04510.|3 Asociación Mexicana de Medicina de la Conservación, Kalaan-Kab AC, Ciclistas #68-3, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04220.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotomayor-Bonilla
authors.affiliation: 1 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, Campus Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad #3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04510.
authors.forename: Abigaíl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad #3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04510.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: 4 Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad #3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04510.
authors.forename: Rosa Elena
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sarmiento-Silva
authors.affiliation: 1 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, Campus Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Espeleta
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad #3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04510.|3 Asociación Mexicana de Medicina de la Conservación, Kalaan-Kab AC, Ciclistas #68-3, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico DF, CP 04220.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzán
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D001717:Birds; D046092:Columbiformes; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D017753:Ecosystem; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000662:veterinary; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D046109:Passeriformes; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Bird migration; West Nile virus; Yucatan; resident birds; reverse transcriptase-PCR