title: Cloning and Expression Analysis of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene in the Mycelium and Fruit Body of the Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes.
abstract: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene is known to be expressed in plants, and is involved in the differentiation, growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites. However, its expression in fungi remains to be explored. To understand its expression in mushroom fungi, the PAL gene of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Fvpal) was cloned and characterized. The cloned Fvpal consists of 2,175 bp, coding for a polypeptide containing 724 amino acids and having 11 introns. The translated amino acid sequence of Fvpal shares a high identity (66%) with that of ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake. Distinctively, the Fvpal expression in the mycelium was higher in minimal medium supplemented with L-tyrosine than with other aromatic amino acids. During cultivation of the mushroom on sawdust medium, Fvpal expression in the fruit body correspondingly increased as the mushroom grew. In the fruiting body, Fvpal was expressed more in the stipe than in the pileus. These results suggest that F. velutipes PAL activity differs in the different organs of the mushroom. Overall, this is first report to show that the PAL gene expression is associated with mushroom growth in fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biodiversity, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biodiversity, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea. ; Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
authors.forename: Ja Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biodiversity, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kong
keywords: Flammulina velutipes; Fruit body; PAL; Phenylalanine ammonia lyase; mRNA expression