title: Cerebellar activity in young people with familial risk for psychosis--The Oulu Brain and Mind Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cerebellum plays a critical role in cognition and behavior. Altered function of the cerebellum has been related to schizophrenia and psychosis but it is not known how this applies to spontaneous resting state activity in young people with familial risk for psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) in 72 (29 male) young adults with a history of psychosis in one or both parents (FR) but without their own psychosis, and 72 (29 male) similarly healthy control subjects without parental psychosis. Both groups in the Oulu Brain and Mind Study were drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Participants were 20-25 years old. Parental psychosis was established using the Care Register for Health Care. R-fMRI data pre-processing was conducted using independent component analysis with 30 and 70 components. A dual regression technique was used to detect between-group differences in the cerebellum with p<0.05 threshold corrected for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FR participants demonstrated statistically significantly increased activity compared to control subjects in the anterior lobe of the right cerebellum in the analysis with 70 components. The volume of the increased activity was 73 mm(3). There was no difference between the groups in the analysis with 30 components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding suggests that increased activity of the anterior lobe of the right cerebellum may be associated with increased vulnerability to psychosis. The finding is novel, and needs replication to be confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: tuomas.jukuri@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jukuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MIPT, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikkinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miettunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Länsi-Pohja Healthcare District, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, The Middle Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Kiuru, Finland; Mental Health Services, Joint Municipal Authority of Wellbeing in Raahe District, Finland; Mental Health Services, Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland; Visala Hospital, The Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukkala
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.affiliation: Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK; Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
authors.forename: Graham K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Finland; Thule Doctoral Programme, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veijola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012042:Registries; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cerebellum; Parental psychosis; Psychosis; R-fMRI; Schizophrenia