title: Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale 2: application in an Italian population.
abstract: Sleep disturbances and nocturnal disabilities are common in Parkinson's Disease (PD). The PD sleep scale, second version (PDSS-2), has been proposed as a helpful tool for measuring sleep disorders in PD. We aimed to validate the Italian version of the PDSS-2. One hundred and twenty-three consecutive PD outpatients (76 males) were evaluated by means of PDSS-2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (self-administered scales), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating (motor section) and Hoehn and Yahr Scales, and Mini Mental State Examination. PDSS-2 internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's α: 0.77) with significant item to total score correlation and high intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability (0.943). Total PDSS-2 score was correlated with the scores on all other clinical scales. The factor analysis identified five factors, related to five areas of nocturnal disturbances, similarly as the original PDSS-2. The five factors mainly reflected: (1) nocturnal movement-related problems, (2) quality of sleep, (3) dreaming distress, (4) fragmentation of sleep and (5) insomnia symptoms. The PDSS-2 scale has confirmed its usefulness in evaluating sleep problems in Italian PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy. dario.arnaldi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-6069
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnaldi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Carli
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Accardo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picco
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamburini
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brugnolo
authors.affiliation: Neuro-rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobili
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: PDSS-2; Parkinson’s Disease; RBD; Sleep; Sleepiness