title: Perceived Benefit of Teaching Patient Safety to Pharmacy Students by Integrating Classroom Teaching With Introductory (IPPE) Visits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ensuring a culture that prioritizes and implements patient safety requires educating all future health care professionals to prepare them for their active role in reducing medical errors. There is limited literature describing integration of patient safety education into the curriculum of health care professionals, including pharmacists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived benefit of integrating patient safety education into a pharmacy curriculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Second-year pharmacy students (P2s) completed a patient safety self-study, followed by in-class and experiential application of a root cause analysis (RCA). An electronic, anonymous postsurvey was administered to P2s and third-year pharmacy students (P3s) who had not had formal patient safety education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 310 students, 53% responded to the survey. Significantly more P2s reported more confidence to describe patient safety and its purpose ( P = .0092), describe factors that influence patient safety ( P = .0055), and conduct an RCA ( P < .001). P2s also reported significantly better ability to conduct a RCA compared to P3s (88.9% positive vs 58.7%, respectively; P ≤ .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both classes perceived patient safety education to be valuable; however, formal education resulted in some significant improvements in perceived confidence and understanding, including ability to conduct an RCA.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.|2 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Katy E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Trinkley
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Van Matre
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.|2 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.|2 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061214:Patient Safety; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: medication safety; patient safety; pharmacy education