title: Association between human leucocyte antigen subtypes and risk of end stage renal disease in Taiwanese: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End stage renal disease (ESRD) is prevalent in Taiwan. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, allergies and inflammatory bowel diseases, and there are emerging evidences of correlations between HLA genotypes and renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and glomerulonephritis. The aim of this study is to investigate detailed HLA subtypes in a case-control study of Taiwanese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polymorphisms of HLA class I and II antigens in ESRD patients and a healthy control group were retrospectively analyzed. The information of 141 ESRD patients was obtained from the medical record of the Keelung branch of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and was compared to the HLA type of a control group comprized of 190 healthy unrelated Taiwanese from one of our previous studies. In order to standardize the HLA designation of prior low-resolution typings with the more advanced DNA based typings, all HLA-A, -B and -DR were analyzed using a low resolution serologic equivalent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The current work suggests that HLA-DR3 (odds ratio = 1.91, 95 % CI = 1.098-3.324, P = 0.024, Pc = 0.312) and HLA-DR11 (odds ratio = 2.06, 95 % CI = 1.133-3.761, P = 0.021, Pc = 0.273) may represent susceptibility risk factors for the development of ESRD in Taiwanese individuals. On the other hand, HLA-DR8 (odds ratio = 0.47, 95 % CI = 0.236-0.920, p = 0.027. Pc = 0.351) may be a protective factor. HLA-A and -B antigens did not show any contribution of progression to ESRD. However, we note that the significance of all these findings is lost when the results are corrected for multiple comparisons according to Bonferroni. Further investigation with a larger group of patients and control is needed to resolve this issue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HLA typing might be a useful clinical method for screening patients with high risk of progression to ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. zzw999@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ciou-Sia
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. chucc@mmh.org.tw.|Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan. chucc@mmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chen-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. todsonchen@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Shin-Fan
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. fish3970@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chiao-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. marilin@ms2.mmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. leefang@adm.cgmh.org.tw.|Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. leefang@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Chan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006680:HLA Antigens