title: How Important is Vertical Transmission of Dengue Viruses by Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)?
abstract: Vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes was discovered at the end of the late 1970s and has been suggested to be a means by which these viruses persist. However, it is unclear how widespread it is in nature, and its importance in the epidemiology of this disease is still debated. Here, we review the literature on vertical transmission and discuss its role in dengue's epidemiology and control. We conclude that given the number of studies that failed to find evidence of vertical transmission, as well as mathematical models and its mechanistic basis, it is unlikely that vertical transmission is important for the epidemiological persistence of dengue viruses. A combination of asymptomatic infection in humans and movement of people are likely to be more important determinants of dengue's persistence. We argue, however, that there may be some need for further research into the prevalence of dengue viruses in desiccated, as well as diapausing, eggs and the role of horizontal transmission through larval cannibalism.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Conservation Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom (mdg206@exeter.ac.uk), mg206@exeter.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grunnill
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America (mboots@berkeley.edu).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boots
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D003715:Dengue / Q000635:transmission*; D064666:Diapause, Insect; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000821:virology
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; arbovirus; dengue; persistence