title: Coevolutionary dynamics between tribe Cercopithecini tetherins and their lentiviruses.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus, a primate lentivirus (PLV), causes AIDS in humans, whereas most PLVs are less or not pathogenic in monkeys. These notions suggest that the co-evolutionary process of PLVs and their hosts associates with viral pathogenicity, and therefore, that elucidating the history of virus-host co-evolution is one of the most intriguing topics in the field of virology. To address this, recent studies have focused on the interplay between intrinsic anti-viral proteins, such as tetherin, and viral antagonists. Through an experimental-phylogenetic approach, here we investigate the co-evolutionary interplay between tribe Cercopithecini tetherin and viral antagonists, Nef and Vpu. We reveal that tribe Cercopithecini tetherins are positively selected, possibly triggered by ancient Nef-like factor(s). We reconstruct the ancestral sequence of tribe Cercopithecini tetherin and demonstrate that all Nef proteins are capable of antagonizing ancestral Cercopithecini tetherin. Further, we consider the significance of evolutionary arms race between tribe Cercopithecini and their PLVs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 1138510, Japan.
authors.forename: Fengrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Rokusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.|Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608556, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 7708503, Japan.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068203, Japan.|Japan Monkey Centre, Aichi 4840081, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shintaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Collman
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 1138510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.|CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 3220012, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D016663:Cercopithecinae / Q000821:virology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins