title: Sensory Neuropeptides and Endogenous Opioids Expression in Human Dental Pulp with Asymptomatic Inflammation: In Vivo Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study quantified the expression of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), β-endorphins (β-End), and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in human dental pulp following orthodontic intrusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients were selected according to preestablished inclusion criteria. From each patient, two premolars (indicated for extraction due to orthodontic reasons) were randomly assigned to two different groups: the asymptomatic inflammation group (EXPg), which would undergo controlled intrusive force for seven days, and the control group (CTRg), which was used to determine the basal levels of each substance. Once extracted, dental pulp tissue was prepared to determine the expression levels of both neuropeptides and endogenous opioids by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All samples from the CTRg exhibited basal levels of both neuropeptides and endogenous opioids. By day seven, all patients were asymptomatic, even when all orthodontic-intrusive devices were still active. In the EXPg, the SP and CGRP exhibited statistically significant different levels. Although none of the endogenous opioids showed statistically significant differences, they all expressed increasing trends in the EXPg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SP and CGRP were identified in dental pulp after seven days of controlled orthodontic intrusion movement, even in the absence of pain.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Costa Rica University, 1493-3000 San José, Costa Rica ; Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chavarria-Bolaños
authors.affiliation: Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico ; Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flores-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Axopod Consultants for Life, 110921 Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lombana-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico ; Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cerda-Cristerna
authors.affiliation: Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico ; Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, 78290 San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Amaury
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozos-Guillen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000378:metabolism*; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D008963:Molar; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D009970:Orthodontics; D010146:Pain; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004745:Enkephalins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D013373:Substance P; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D008715:Methionine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide