title: Comparing the clinical outcomes in stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung tumors between Ray-Tracing and Monte-Carlo algorithms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between the groups using Ray-Tracing (RAT) and Monte-Carlo (MC) calculation algorithms for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of lung tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients received SBRT with CyberKnife for 47 primary or metastatic lung tumors. RAT was used for 22 targets in 12 patients, and MC for 25 targets in 23 patients. Total dose of 48 to 60 Gy was prescribed in 3 to 5 fractions on median 80% isodose line. The response rate, local control rate, and toxicities were compared between RAT and MC groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was lower in the RAT group (77.3%) compared to the MC group (100%) (p = 0.008). The response rates showed an association with the mean dose to the gross tumor volume, which the doses were re-calculated with MC algorithm in both groups. However, the local control rate and toxicities did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical outcome and toxicity of lung SBRT between the RAT and MC groups were similar except for the response rate when the same apparent doses were prescribed. The lower response rate in the RAT group, however, did not compromise the local control rates. As such, reducing the prescription dose for MC algorithm may be performed but done with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Mun
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hojin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Bong
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Deog
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yi Yeong
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
keywords: CyberKnife; Monte Carlo; calculation algorithm; lung cancer; stereotactic body radiotherapy