title: Dental caries in Iraqi 12-year-olds and background fluoride exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries among 12-year-old Iraqi schoolchildren ingesting water and beverages with low fluoride content.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,526 twelve-year-olds were clinically examined in autumn 2013 for dental caries in accordance with the WHO criteria. Two questionnaires were distributed to gather data concerning daily intakes of drinking water, beverages and tea extracts and how often participants brushed their teeth, visiting doctors and eating snacks between meals. The fluoride content of 279 brands of drinking water, beverages, tea, toothpaste and table salts were determined using fluoride ion selective electrode. Results The mean DMFT and SIC index were 1.6 (SD 1.7) and 3.5 (SD 1.4) respectively. The caries prevalence was 64.0%, and the Care Index was 1.9%. The average fluoride content of drinking water, beverages, toothpaste and food was less than 0.50 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean DMFT value for Iraqi 12-year-olds is still higher than the WHO category of very low caries (<1.2). The daily fluoride exposure by 12-year-old Iraqi children was too low for caries prevention. In order to improve the oral health status, the Iraqi health authorities had to focus more care on the preventive oral health programme.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Matloob
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D062410:Snacks; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides