title: Universal Host Materials for High-Efficiency Phosphorescent and Delayed-Fluorescence OLEDs.
abstract: A series of bipolar hosts, namely, 5-(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-phenyl)-1,3-dipyrazolbenzene (o-CzDPz), 5-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-phenyl)-1,3-dipyrazolbenzene (m-CzDPz), 5-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1,3-dipyrazolbenzene (3-CzDPz), and 5-(3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-phenyl)-1,3-dipyrazolbenzene (mCPDPz), are developed for phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). They are designed by selecting pyrazole as n-type unit and carbazole as p-type one. The triplet energy (E(T)), the frontier molecular orbital level, and charge transporting abilities, are adjusted by varying the molar ratio of pyrazole to carbazole and the linking mode between them. They have high E(T) values of 2.76-3.02 eV. Their electroluminescence performance is evaluated by fabricating both phosphorescent and TADF devices with blue or green emitters. The m-CzDPz hosted blue phosphorescent OLEDs achieves high efficiency of 48.3 cd A(-1) (26.8%), the 3-CzDPz hosted green phosphorescent device exhibits 91.2 cd A(-1) (29.0%). The blue and green TADF devices with 3-CzDPz host also reach high efficiencies of 26.2 cd A(-1) (15.8%) and 41.1 cd A(-1) (13.3%), respectively. The excellent performance of all these OLEDs verifies that these pyrazole-based bipolar compounds are capable of being universal host materials for OLED application. The influence of molar ratio of n-type unit to p-type one and the molecular conformation of these hosts on their device performance is discussed and interpreted.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Jiuyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Shufen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: bipolar host; phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs); pyrazole; thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF); universal host materials