title: Outcomes of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
abstract: A large number of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are not offered treatments with curative intent, such as allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), because of fears of toxicity and perceived futility of intensive treatment. Therefore, the outcomes of SCT in elderly AML patients remain poorly defined. We performed a meta-analysis of all previous articles up until September 22, 2015 of SCT in AML patients >60 years. The primary endpoints were relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at 6 months and at 1, 2, and 3 years. A total of 13 studies (749 patients) were included. The pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RFS at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 62% (95% CI, 54% to 69%), 47% (95% CI, 42% to 53%), 44% (95% CI, 33% to 55%), and 35% (95% CI, 26% to 45%), respectively. The corresponding numbers for OS were 73% (95% CI, 66% to 79%), 58% (95% CI, 50% to 65%), 45% (95% CI, 35% to 54%), and 38% (95% CI, 29% to 48%), respectively. We found no evidence of publication bias in our primary endpoints, with the exception of relapse, where there appeared to be a relative lack of small studies with high relapse rates. Sensitivity analysis did not identify an overtly influential study for our primary endpoints, with 1 exception in 2-year RFS analysis. The present analysis argues against significant publication bias and demonstrates consistency among reports despite differences in patient-, disease-, center-, and transplantation-related characteristics. Our results suggest that reduced-intensity SCT is a viable treatment option for elderly AML patients with a 3-year RFS of 35% for those over the age of 60. These results argue against using age per se as the sole criterion against SCT and would help remove some of the barriers that often preclude curative intent treatment. Correct identification of patients who would benefit from SCT can improve outcomes in this frequently undertreated population.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplantation and Leukemia Program, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Electronic address: arashidi@dom.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebadi
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplantation and Leukemia Program, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: DiPersio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019653:Myeloablative Agonists
keywords: Allogeneic; Elderly; Leukemia; Outcome; Reduced-intensity; Transplantation