title: Factor Structure of the Internet Addiction Test in Online Gamers and Poker Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most widely used questionnaire to screen for problematic Internet use. Nevertheless, its factorial structure is still debated, which complicates comparisons among existing studies. Most previous studies were performed with students or community samples despite the probability of there being more problematic Internet use among users of specific applications, such as online gaming or gambling.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the factorial structure of a modified version of the IAT that addresses specific applications, such as video games and online poker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two adult samples-one sample of Internet gamers (n=920) and one sample of online poker players (n=214)-were recruited and completed an online version of the modified IAT. Both samples were split into two subsamples. Two principal component analyses (PCAs) followed by two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were run separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of principal component analysis indicated that a one-factor model fit the data well across both samples. In consideration of the weakness of some IAT items, a 17-item modified version of the IAT was proposed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study assessed, for the first time, the factorial structure of a modified version of an Internet-administered IAT on a sample of Internet gamers and a sample of online poker players. The scale seems appropriate for the assessment of such online behaviors. Further studies on the modified 17-item IAT version are needed.
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8549-6599
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khazaal
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3861-3297
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achab
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology Psychological Sciences Research Institute Catholic University of Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7388-6194
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Billieux
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3622-9179
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thorens
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2468-8965
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zullino
authors.affiliation: Sherbrooke University Montreal, QC Canada.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7288-937X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3891-277X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rothen
keywords: Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Internet addiction; World of Warcraft; factorial structure; massively multiplayer online role playing; poker players; validation