title: Rectus Femoris Tendon Calcification: Arthroscopic Excision in 6 Top Amateur Athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since it was developed, hip arthroscopy has become the favored treatment for femoroacetabular impingement. Due to recent considerable improvements, the indications for this technique have been widely extended. Injuries of the rectus femoris tendon origin, after an acute phase, could result in a chronic tendinopathy with calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition, leading to pain and loss of function. Traditionally, this condition is addressed by local injection of anesthetic and corticosteroids or, when conservative measures fail, by open excision of the calcific lesion by an anterior approach.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether arthroscopic excision of calcification of the proximal rectus is a safe and effective treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were studied from 6 top amateur athletes (age range, 30-43 years; mean, 32.6 years) affected by calcification of the proximal rectus who underwent arthroscopic excision of the calcification. Patients were preoperatively assessed radiographically, and diagnosis was confirmed by a 3-dimensional computed tomography scan. To evaluate the outcome, standardized hip rating scores were used pre- and postoperatively (at 6 and 12 months): the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip Score, and Modified Harris Hip Score. Moreover, visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, sport activity level (SAL), and activities of daily living (ADL) were also used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One year after surgery, all patients reported satisfactory outcomes, with 3 of 6 rating their return-to-sport level as high as preinjury level, and the remaining 3 with a percentage higher than 80%. Five patients ranked their ability to carry on daily activities at 100%. Statistical analysis showed significant improvement of the Oxford Hip Score, the Modified Harris Hip Score, and all 3 VAS subscales (pain, SAL, and ADL) from pre- to latest postoperative assessment (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic excision of rectus femoris tendon calcification yields satisfying results with few risks to the patient as well as rapid recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recent improvements in hip arthroscopy give the opportunity to address an increasing number of hip conditions effectively and safely, with rapid recovery for the patient. Arthroscopic excision of rectus femoris tendon calcification can be considered a feasible option, with few risks to the patient, rapid recovery, and satisfying outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Gvm Care and Research Hospital and Clinics, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zini
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Gvm Care and Research Hospital and Clinics, Ravenna, Italy.
authors.forename: Manlio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panascì
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papalia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasta
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Denaro
keywords: hip arthroscopy; hip pain; rectus femoris tendon calcification; sport-related hip injury