title: Perinatal depression in HIV-infected African women: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the literature on prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected African women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched 17 databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey, from inception through August 2014 using the search strategy ((antenatal OR peripartum OR perinatal OR postnatal OR postpartum) AND (depression OR mental disorder) AND HIV AND Africa NOT (-) American).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included English-language articles on studies conducted in Africa with prevalence or incidence rates of diagnostically confirmed depression or suspected depression in HIV-infected women during pregnancy through 12 months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined details of study design, location, means of measurement, incidence and prevalence rates of diagnostically confirmed depression or suspected depression and any associated risk factors for development of depression. Mean prevalence rates were calculated and weighted based on study size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria. Two reported diagnostically confirmed antenatal depression, and 9 reported suspected antenatal depression prevalence. Two reported diagnostically confirmed postnatal depression, and 10 reported suspected postnatal depression prevalence. Weighted mean prevalence of antenatal depression was 23.4%, and suspected antenatal depression was 43.5%. Weighted mean prevalence of postnatal depression was 22.5%, and suspected postnatal depression was 31.1%. No studies reported incidence rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few studies have examined the rate of perinatal depression in HIV-infected African women. Existing studies show a high prevalence of perinatal depression, with even higher prevalence rates of suspected depression. No data on the incidence of perinatal depression in this population exist.
authors.affiliation: 101 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 nathaniel_sowa@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Nathaniel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sowa
authors.forename: Rushina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cholera
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Pence
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gaynes
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence