title: Generation and Expansion of T Helper 17 Lymphocytes Ex Vivo.
abstract: CD4(+) T helper (Th) lymphocytes are essential elements of the complex cellular networks regulating the initiation, development, and termination of adaptive immune responses. Different independent and specialized subsets of Th cells can be distinguished based on their dedicated transcription factor and cytokine expression profiles. Th17 lymphocytes have been described about a decade ago as CD4(+) Th cells producing high quantity of IL-17A as a signature cytokine. Since their initial discovery, Th17 have drawn intense scrutiny for their dominant role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune, infectious diseases and allergy. The influence of Th17 lymphocytes in cancer remains however ambiguous. The plethoric functions of Th17 may rely on the remarkable plasticity of these cells, endowed with the ability to trans-differentiate into other Th subpopulations depending on the environmental cytokine context. The possibility to generate Th17 ex vivo has facilitated the elucidation of the signals and transcription factors required for their differentiation and functions and has allowed for the evaluation of their functions following adoptive transfer in vivo. Several protocols have been developed to produce Th17 in vitro. The intent of this chapter is to provide examples of procedures for generating and expanding Th17 ex vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501N. Campbell Avenue, 245073, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5073, USA. darya@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Darya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501N. Campbell Avenue, 245073, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5073, USA. nrlarmon@email.arizona.edu.|Department of Immunobiology, Arizona Cancer Center, College of Medicine, BIO5 Research Institute, University of Arizona, 1501N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245073, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5073, USA. nrlarmon@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larmonier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Ex vivo generation; Human; Mouse; Th17 lymphocytes