title: Quantitative Analysis of the Local Phase Transitions Induced by Laser Heating.
abstract: Functional imaging enabled by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) allows investigations of nanoscale material properties under a wide range of external conditions, including temperature. However, a number of shortcomings preclude the use of the most common material heating techniques, thereby limiting precise temperature measurements. Here we discuss an approach to local laser heating on the micron scale and its applicability for SPM. We applied local heating coupled with piezoresponse force microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy for nanoscale investigations of a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in the copper indium thiophosphate layered ferroelectric. Bayesian linear unmixing applied to experimental results allowed extraction of the Raman spectra of different material phases and enabled temperature calibration in the heated region. The obtained results enable a systematic approach for studying temperature-dependent material functionalities in heretofore unavailable temperature regimes.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.|Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ievlev
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Susner
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.|Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Petro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maksymovych
authors.affiliation: The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.|Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Sergei V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kalinin
keywords: Raman spectroscopy; domain structure; ferroelectric; phase transition; piezoresponse forcr microscopy; scanning probe microscopy