title: Description of a systematic pharmaceutical care approach intended to increase the appropriateness of medication use by elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmaceutical care practice represents a model of responsible pharmacist involvement in the pharmacotherapy optimization of various population groups, including the elderly, known to be at risk for drug-related problems. Romanian pharmacists could use validated pharmaceutical care experiences to confirm their role as health-care professionals. This descriptive research presents the application in two real and different environments of practice of a structured pharmaceutical care approach conceived as the basis for a medication review activity and aiming at the identification and resolution of the drug related problems in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients with similar degree of disease-burden complexity, receiving care in different health-care environments (The Geriatric Ward of the Royal Victoria Hospital from the McGill University Health Centre in Montréal, Québec, Canada, in November 2010, and an urban nursing-home facility in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in March 2011), were chosen for the analysis. One clinical pharmacist suggested solutions for the management of each of the active drug-related problems identified, using the systematic pharmaceutical care approach and specific published geriatric pharmacotherapy recommendations. The number of the drug-related problems identified and the degree of the care-team acceptance of the pharmacists' solutions were noted for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pharmacist found 6 active drug-related problems for the hospitalized patient (72 year-old, Chronic Disease Score 9) and 7 potential ones for the nursing-home resident (79 year-old, Chronic Disease Score 8), involving misuse, underuse and overuse of medications. Each patient had 3 geriatric syndromes at baseline. The therapy changes suggested by the pharmacist were implemented for the hospitalized patient, through collaboration with the health-care team. For the nursing home resident, the pharmacist identified the need for additional 6 medications and safety and efficacy arguments to cease 7 initial therapies, simplifying the therapeutic daily schedule (from 24 daily doses to 15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacist's potential contribution to the optimization of the Romanian elderly patients' pharmacotherapy needs further exploration, as potential drug related problems reported as characteristic for this population were easily identified. The presented structured and validated model of pharmaceutical care approach could be used to this end. Its dissemination and use could be encouraged along with the enhancement of pharmacotherapy information and care team collaboration skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Daniela Petruta
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Primejdie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of pharmacy, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Adina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Popa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Marius Traian
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bojita
keywords: Drug-related problems; elderly; inappropriate medication use; medication review; pharmaceutical care