title: A meta-analysis of case-control studies of the association of migraine and patent foramen ovale.
abstract: To establish quantitative evidence, we performed the first meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing the relationship between migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO).
  
  
  
  MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through April 2015 using PubMed and OVID. Eligible studies were case-control studies reporting PFO (or migraine) prevalence in migraine patients versus no-migraine subjects (or PFO patients versus no-PFO subjects).
  
  
  
  Of 395 potentially relevant articles screened initially, 21 eligible studies enrolling a total of 5572 participants were identified and included. Pooled analyses demonstrated statistically significant 3.36-fold migraine-with-aura [odds ratio (OR), 3.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.04-5.55; p<0.00001] and 2.46-fold migraine-with/without-aura prevalence (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.55-3.91; p=0.0001) but statistically non-significant 1.30-fold migraine-without-aura prevalence (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.85-1.99; p=0.22) in PFO patients relative to no-PFO subjects.
  
  
  
  PFO is associated with 3.4-fold migraine-with-aura and 2.5-fold migraine-with/without-aura prevalence but unassociated with migraine-without-aura prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: kfgth973@ybb.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Meta-analysis; Migraine; Patent foramen ovale