title: TIP hypospadias repair: A pediatric urology indicator operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We review development and evolution of TIP hypospadias repair, including technical changes made to improve its results. We also discuss general risk factors for hypospadias surgical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe use of a database with prospective data entry to first identify our most common complications and their frequency, and then to monitor results of technical modifications made to reduce their occurrence. Multiple logistic regression of various factors recorded in the database was done to identify those predicting increased risk for urethroplasty complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fistula and glans dehiscence are the two most common complications we encountered after TIP repair. Changes in urethral plate tubularization and barrier layers covering the neourethra resulted in a significant reduction in fistulas after proximal TIP. Changes in glansplasty sutures and use of preoperative testosterone to increase glans size did not reduce likelihood for dehiscence, whereas increasing the extent of glans wings dissection did. Logistic regression analysis confirmed proximal meatal location and reoperation predicted increased complications, but also identified glans width ≤ 14 mm as an independent risk factor for hypospadias urethroplasty complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systematic, prospective data collection facilitated identification of complications and their risk factors, and provided a means to assess results of modifications made to address them. Limiting the algorithm used for hypospadias repair increases expertise in those techniques used. Reported low surgical volumes for proximal hypospadias repair suggest subspecialization of these cases be carried out so that designated surgeons can achieve sufficient volume to analyze their results and make improvements.
authors.affiliation: PARC Urology, Frisco, TX, USA. Electronic address: snodgrass@parcurology.com.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snodgrass
authors.affiliation: PARC Urology, Frisco, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Hypospadias; Surgical improvement; TIP urethroplasty; Urethroplasty complications