title: Microarray Analysis Gene Expression Profiles in Laryngeal Muscle After Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathophysiology of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) transection injury is rare in that it is characteristically followed by a high degree of spontaneous reinnervation, with reinnervation of the laryngeal adductor complex (AC) preceding that of the abducting posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. Here, we aim to elucidate the differentially expressed myogenic factors following RLN injury that may be at least partially responsible for the spontaneous reinnervation.
  
  
  METHODS
  F344 male rats underwent RLN injury (n = 12) or sham surgery (n = 12). One week after RLN injury, larynges were harvested following euthanasia. The mRNA was extracted from PCA and AC muscles bilaterally, and microarray analysis was performed using a full rat genome array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis of denervated AC and PCA muscles demonstrated dramatic differences in gene expression profiles, with 205 individual probes that were differentially expressed between the denervated AC and PCA muscles and only 14 genes with similar expression patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential expression patterns of the AC and PCA suggest different mechanisms of reinnervation. The PCA showed the gene patterns of Wallerian degeneration, while the AC expressed the gene patterns of reinnervation by adjacent axonal sprouting. This finding may reveal important therapeutic targets applicable to RLN and other peripheral nerve injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bijangi-Vishehsaraei
authors.affiliation: Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Hongji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Safa
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA shalum@voiceindy.com.
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Halum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D023421:Models, Animal; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D061226:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome
keywords: denervation; laryngeal muscles; larynx; recurrent laryngeal nerve; vocal fold