title: Mirror Movements After Stroke Suggest Facilitation From Nonprimary Motor Cortex: A Case Presentation.
abstract: When stroke occurs in adulthood, mirror movements (MMs; involuntary movements occurring in 1 hand when performing unilateral movements with the contralateral hand) in the paretic hand rarely occur. We present a case of an apparently healthy 54-year-old man presenting with MMs in his left (nondominant) hand. Further evaluation revealed diminished strength and dexterity in left hand, increased spinal excitability, decreased corticospinal excitability, occurrence of ipsilateral motor responses, enlarged cortical motor representation, and imaging findings consistent with a previously undiagnosed right-subcortical stroke. MMs and ipsilateral motor responses may reflect the increased spinal motor neurons' excitability sustained by the spared nonprimary ipsilesional motor areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy(∗). Electronic address: a.caronni@ccppdezza.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caronni
authors.affiliation: Residency Program in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy(†).
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sciumé
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy(‡).
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferpozzi
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute and University, Ospedale San Raffaele, Neuroradiology, CERMAC, Milano, Italy(§).
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute and University, Ospedale San Raffaele, Neuroradiology, CERMAC, Milano, Italy(‖).
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute and University, Ospedale San Raffaele, Neuroradiology, CERMAC, Milano, Italy(¶).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy(#).
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perucca
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy(∗∗).
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerri
mesh_terms: D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex; D009068:Movement; D009069:Movement Disorders; D020521:Stroke