title: Relationship of interleukin-1B gene promoter region polymorphism with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. The severity of damage is determined by the interplay between environmental/behavioral factors, bacterial pathogenicity genes and host genetic polymorphisms that can influence the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify polymorphisms in the IL-1B and IL-1RN genes and their associations with H. pylori infection, cagA gene of H. pylori, and gastroduodenal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric biopsy samples from 151 patients infected with H. pylori and 76 uninfected individuals were analyzed. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by histology and PCR. Polymorphisms at positions -511, -31 and +3954 of the IL-1B gene were detected by PCR-RFLP, and an analysis of the VNTR polymorphism of the IL-1RN gene was performed by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that the presence of the T/T genotype at position -511 and the C/C genotype at position -31 were associated with H. pylori infection and with an increased risk of gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients. Additionally, strains from patients H. pylori-positive carrying the cagA gene was significantly related with the T/T genotype at position -511 of IL-1B.  No association of polymorphisms at position +3954 of IL-1B and in the IL-1RN with H. pylori infection and with risk of severe gastric diseases was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that polymorphisms in the promoter region of the IL-1B gene (at positions -511 and -31) are associated with an enhanced risk of H. pylori infection as well as gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. ivynha_@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ivy Bastos
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ramis
authors.forename: Júlia Silveira
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Halicki
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Thássia Fernanda
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tadiotto
authors.forename: João Batista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: da Silva Maciel
authors.forename: Carla Vitola
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Groll
authors.forename: Odir Antônio
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Dellagostin
authors.forename: Pedro Eduardo Almeida
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta