title: Evaluation of remineralization capacity of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on the carbamide peroxide treated enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in remineralizing the bleached enamel surface using micro-hardness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty human enamel slabs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). Groups A and B were exposed to 20% carbamide peroxide and 35% carbamide peroxide gel, respectively. After the exposure to the bleaching agent, the slabs were kept in artificial saliva for 1-week. Group C (control group) were kept in artificial saliva for 1-week. Vickers micro-hardness test was performed by Leica VMHT-Mot micro-hardness tester. CPP-ACP (Gc Tooth Mousse, Melbourne, Australia) was then applied to specimens of Groups A and B for 3 min for 2 weeks. Micro-hardness values of postbleach Group A (Ar) and Group B (Br) were recorded and statistically analyzed by paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance at the significance level of α =0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in micro-hardness of enamel in carbamide peroxide bleached groups. However, there was a significant increase in micro-hardness after the remineralization by CPP-ACP and the extent of remineralization is more for the Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  That bleaching agents reduced enamel micro-hardness and the use of CPP-ACP after bleaching can significantly enhance the micro-hardness of bleached enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Salman Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharjh 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Narendra Varma
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Penumatsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh 11691, P. O. Box 85184, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Raja Rajeswari
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kaminedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh 11691, P. O. Box 85184, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kusai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baroudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, IBN Sina National College of Dentistry, Al Mahjar, Jeddah 22421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barakath
keywords: Bleaching; hardness; remineralization