title: Down-regulation of miR-135b in colon adenocarcinoma induced by a TGF-β receptor I kinase inhibitor (SD-208).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). The SD-208 acts as an anti-cancer agent in different malignancies via TGF-β signaling. This work aims to show the effect of manipulation of TGF-β signaling on some miRNAs implicated in CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effects of SD-208 on SW-48, a colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The cell line was treated with 0.5, 1 and 2 μM concentrations of SD-208. Then, the xenograft model of colon cancer was established by subcutaneous inoculation of SW-48 cell line into the nude mice. The animals were treated with SD-208 for three weeks. A quantitative real-time PCR was carried out for expression level analysis of selected oncogenic (miR-21, 31, 20a and 135b) and suppressor-miRNAs (let7-g, miR-133b, 145 and 200c). Data were analyzed using the 2-∆∆CT method through student's t-test via the GraphPad Prism software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that SD-208 could significantly down-regulate the expression of one key onco-miRNA, miR-135b, in either SW-48 colon cells (P=0.006) or tumors orthotopically implanted in nude mice (P=0.018). Our in silico study also predicted that SD-208 could modulate the expression of potential downstream tumor suppressor targets of the miR135b.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide novel evidence that anticancer effects of SD-208 (and likely other TGF-β inhibitors) may be owing to their ability to regulate miRNAs expression.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Research Center, Rasoul-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ghahremani
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholam Reza
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Mobini
authors.affiliation: Invasive Fungi Research Center, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abastabar
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akhtari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Manzar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolhassani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Experimental Medicine Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidari
keywords: Colon cancer; Oncogenic and suppressor; SD-208; TGF-β receptor 1 (TGβRI); kinase inhibitor; micro RNAs (miRNAs)