title: Simple risk score to detect rural Asian Indian (Bangladeshi) adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a simple, non-invasive, diabetes risk score for detecting individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2,293 randomly selected individuals aged ≥20 years from a cross-sectional study in a rural community of Bangladesh (2009 Chandra Rural Study) was used for model development. The validity of the model was assessed in another rural cross-sectional study (2009 Thakurgaon Rural Study). The logistic regression model used included age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and hypertension status to predict individuals who were at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On applying the developed model to both cohorts, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.68-0.72) for the Chandra cohort and 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.68-0.74) for the Thakurgaon cohort. The risk score of >9 was shown to have the optimal cut-point to detect diabetes. This score had a sensitivity of 62.4 and 75.7%, and specificity of 67.4 and 61.6% in the two cohorts, respectively. This risk score was shown to have improved sensitivity and specificity to detect type 2 diabetes cases compared with the Thai, Indian, Omani, UK, Dutch, Portuguese and Pakistani diabetes risk scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This simple, non-invasive risk score can be used to detect individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh. Subjects with a score of 9 or above (out of 15) should undergo an oral glucose tolerance test for definitive diagnosis of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bishwajit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhowmik
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) Mirpur, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Afroza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, BUHS Mirpur, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Liaquat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tofail
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pathan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Hajera
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahtab
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Abul Kalam Azad
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Akhtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
keywords: Risk score; Rural Asian Indian; Type 2 diabetes