title: Dual use of electronic and tobacco cigarettes among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Poland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are gaining in popularity among youth. While these products may be beneficial in adult smokers, the effect on young users of electronic and tobacco cigarettes (dual users) is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of dual use among adolescents and to compare tobacco cigarette consumption among dual and exclusive tobacco cigarette users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of a sample of 2213 Polish students aged 16-18 conducted between December 2013 and February 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 21.8 % of students were dual users. Dual users were more likely to smoke tobacco cigarettes on a daily basis [adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.54 (95 % CI 2.34-5.36) and less likely to smoke fewer cigarettes per day (AOR 0.27 (95 % CI 0.12-0.57)] than exclusive tobacco cigarette users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of dual use was higher than exclusive use of a single product among Polish adolescents. Young dual users do not smoke a lower number of tobacco cigarettes per day than exclusive tobacco cigarette users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elms and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA. maciej.goniewicz@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: Maciej L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Goniewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elms and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
authors.forename: Noel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Leigh
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawron
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadolska
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balwicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elms and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
authors.forename: Connor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.|Department of Chemical Hazards, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobczak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Adolescent; Dual use; Electronic cigarette; Tobacco cigarette