title: Not Just a Drop in the Bucket-Inversion of Oxymetazoline Nasal Decongestant Container Increases Potential for Severe Pediatric Poisoning.
abstract: Oxymetazoline is an over-the-counter nasal decongestant with potent alpha agonist properties. In overdoses as small as 1-2 mL, toxicity can be seen including bradycardia and respiratory depression. We demonstrated that inverting the container increased the volume delivered 20- to 30-fold compared with holding it upright in an in vitro model.
authors.affiliation: Section of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: spnordt@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sean Patrick
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nordt
authors.affiliation: Drug Information, Irvine, CA.
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Vivero
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: F Lee
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cantrell
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000506:poisoning*; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D010109:Oxymetazoline