title: Study of in Vitro and in Vivo Bone Formation in Composite Cryogels and the Influence of Electrical Stimulation.
abstract: This work studies osteoinduction and bone conduction in polyvinyl alcohol-tetraethylorthosilicate-alginate-calcium oxide (PTAC) biocomposite cryogels along with the synergistic effect of electrical stimulation. In vitro osteoinduction of C2C12 myoblast towards osteogenic lineage is demonstrated through alkaline phosphatase assay, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These results were followed by in vivo implantation studies of PTAC biocomposite cryogel scaffolds in the bone conduction chamber model depicting bone formation after 24 days based on immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers, i.e., collagen type I (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). Further, osteogenic differentiation of murine mesenchymal stem cells was studied with and without electrical stimulation. The q-PCR analysis shows that the electrically stimulated cryogels exhibit ~ 6 folds higher collagen type I and ~ 10 folds higher osteopontin mRNA level, in comparison to the unstimulated cryogels. Thus, PTAC biocomposite cryogels present osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties during in vitro and in vivo studies and support osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells under the influence of electrical stimulation.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India ; 2. Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund-221 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Deepak Bushan
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund-221 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund-221 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lidgren
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund-221 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tägil
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D059985:Cryogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D059985:Cryogels; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Cryogel; bone conduction chamber; bone formation; electrical stimulation; osteoinduction