title: Breaching the Barrier-The Nuclear Envelope in Virus Infection.
abstract: Many DNA and a few RNA viruses use the host cell nucleus for virion formation and/or genome replication. To this end, the nuclear envelope (NE) barrier has to be overcome for entry into and egress from the intranuclear replication compartment. Different virus families have devised ingenious ways of entering and leaving the nucleus usurping cellular transport pathways through the nuclear pore complex but also translocating directly through both membranes of the NE. This intriguing diversity in nuclear entry and egress of viruses also highlights different ways nucleocytoplasmic transport can occur. Thus, the study of interactions between viruses and the NE also helps to unravel hitherto unknown cellular pathways such as vesicular nucleocytoplasmic transfer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.mettenleiter@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mettenleiter
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D022022:Nuclear Pore / Q000378:metabolism; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000378:metabolism; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology
keywords: nuclear envelope; nuclear envelope breakdown; nuclear virus entry and egress; nucleocytoplasmic transport; virus infection