title: Johrei Effects on Water: A Pilot Study by Counting Drops.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Water is a key ingredient in the creation and sustainment of life. Moreover, water may be a key vehicle in the processes of energy healing, such as in the preparation of homeopathic remedies and spiritual treatments. Given these properties, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the application of Johrei to water could lead to significant changes in the hydrodynamic behaviour of the fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four regular Johrei practitioners (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were selected for this study. Dripping water produced at the tip of a capillary was used as the hydrodynamic behaviour model. This behaviour was modelled mathematically, and tuning parameters φ4 and τ were used to assess significant differences in the dripping water samples that were subjected to Johrei compared with the samples that were not so treated. The tuning parameters were obtained using the Levenberg-Marquardt fitting algorithm. The data sets for each Johrei practitioner and the control experiment were analysed using ANOVA and a paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mathematical model exhibited an excellent fit to our data, generating correlation coefficients (r) greater than or equal to 0.999. Significant differences were observed in both τ (P1 and P2, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and φ4 (P2, P < 0.01). As expected, no significant difference for the control experiment (without Johrei) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated a statistically significant change in the hydrodynamic behaviour of water correlated with Johrei treatment for 50% of the participating Johrei practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21045-900, Brazil; Research Center MOA, Mokiti Okada Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Celso Nogueira
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Research Center MOA, Mokiti Okada Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Aguiar
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coelho Neto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anael Viana Pinto
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Alberto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21045-900, Brazil. Electronic address: souzacam@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Cristina Alves Magalhães
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008602:Mental Healing; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Johrei; energy healing; mathematical model; surface tension; viscosity; water cluster