title: Dietary intake of non-nutritive sweeteners in type 1 diabetes mellitus children.
abstract: The aims of the current cross-sectional study were (1) to assess the intake of aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-k, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, sucralose, saccharin, steviol glycosides and neotame among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D); (2) to compare the obtained intakes with the respective acceptable daily intake (ADI) values; and (3) to conduct a scenario analysis to obtain practical guidelines for a safe consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) among children with T1D. T1D patients of the Paediatrics Department of the University Hospitals Leuven were invited to complete a food frequency questionnaire designed to assess NNS intake using a tier 2 and tier 3 exposure assessment approach. A scenario analysis was conducted by reducing the P95 consumption of the most contributing food categories in order to reach a total sweetener intake lower than or equal to the ADI. Estimated total intakes higher than ADIs were only found for the P95 consumers only of acesulfame-k, cyclamate and steviol glycosides (tier 2 and tier 3 approach). Scenario analysis created dietary guidelines for each age category for diet soda, bread spreads and dairy drinks. There is little chance for T1D children to exceed the ADI of the different NNS, however diabetes educators and dieticians need to pay attention regarding the use of NNS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health and Technology , University College Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dewinter
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.|c Department of Development and Regeneration , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Casteels
authors.affiliation: d Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Corthouts
authors.affiliation: d Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van de Kerckhove
authors.affiliation: d Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van der Vaerent
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health and Technology , University College Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanmeerbeeck
authors.affiliation: d Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.|e Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthys
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Non-caloric sweeteners; diabetes; dietary exposure; guideline