title: The emerging epitranscriptomics of long noncoding RNAs.
abstract: The pervasive transcription of genomes into long noncoding RNAs has been amply demonstrated in recent years and garnered much attention. Similarly, emerging 'epitranscriptomics' research has shown that chemically modified nucleosides, thought to be largely the domain of tRNAs and other infrastructural RNAs, are far more widespread and can exert unexpected influence on RNA utilization. Both areas are characterized by the often-ephemeral nature of the subject matter in that few individual examples have been fully assessed for their molecular or cellular function, and effects might often be subtle and cumulative. Here we review available information at the intersection of these two exciting areas of biology, by focusing on four RNA modifications that have been mapped transcriptome-wide: 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, pseudouridine as well as adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing, and their incidence and function in long noncoding RNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.
authors.affiliation: EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. Electronic address: andrew.shafik@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafik
authors.affiliation: EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. Electronic address: ulrike.schumann@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. Electronic address: maurits.evers@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Maurits
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.affiliation: EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. Electronic address: t.sibbritt@garvan.org.au.
authors.forename: Tennille
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sibbritt
authors.affiliation: EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), The Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst (Sydney), New South Wales 2010, Australia. Electronic address: thomas.preiss@anu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preiss
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D003562:Cytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D057890:Epigenomics; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D003562:Cytidine; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D000241:Adenosine; C016568:5-methylcytidine
keywords: 5-Methylcytidine; Editing; N6-methyladenosine; Pseudouridine; lncRNA; miRNAs