title: Commuting mode and pulmonary function in Shanghai, China.
abstract: Exposure to air pollution can be particularly high during commuting and may depend on the mode of transportation. We investigated the impact of commuting mode on pulmonary function in Shanghai, China.The Shanghai Putuo Study is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Our primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted, and the secondary outcome was spirometric airflow obstruction. We tested the association between mode of transportation and these outcomes after adjusting for confounders.The study population consisted of 20 102 subjects. After adjusting for confounders, the change (95% CI) in FEV1 was -2.15% pred (-2.88- -1.42% pred) among pedestrians, -1.32% pred (-2.05- -0.59% pred) among those taking buses without air conditioning, -1.33% pred (-2.05- -0.61% pred) among those taking buses with air conditioning and -2.83% pred (-5.56- -0.10% pred) among those using underground railways, as compared to cyclists (the reference group). The effects of mode on FVC % predicted were in the same direction. Private car use had a significant protective effect on FVC % predicted and the risk of airflow obstruction (defined by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease but not by lower limit of normal criteria).Mode of transportation is associated with differences in lung function, which may reflect pollution levels in different transportation microenvironments.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA agaffney@partners.org.
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mi-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult