title: Potential of Sahelian Native Shrub Materials to Suppress the Spiral Nematode Helicotylenchus dihystera.
abstract: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a drought-tolerant cereal commonly grown for grain and fodder in arid areas throughout the world. Senegalese millet fields are infested with Helicotylenchus. The native evergreen woody shrub Piliostigma reticulatum is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Its coppiced residues are used by small farmers as mulch in crop fields. The shrub's nematicidal effect on the spiral nematode Helicotylenchus dihystera was evaluated in a pearl millet pot experiment. The abundance of nematodes decreased by 64% after application of either leaf powder or a pulverized mixing of leaves and stems, suggesting the use of aboveground materials of P. reticulatum as a potential nematicide. The results show promise for use of a local resource by subsistence farmers in the Sahel. Further research is needed on application to fully develop this approach as a biopesticide.
authors.affiliation: IRD, LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA, BP 1386, Dakar CP18524, Senegal. ; Current address: IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, Campus SupAgro Montpellier, Bat 12, 2 place Viala, 34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chapuis-Lardy
authors.affiliation: IRD, LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA, BP 1386, Dakar CP18524, Senegal. ; Laboratoire de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, UCAD, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal. ; Current address: ISRA, LNRPV, Centre IRD-ISRA, BP 3120, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diakhaté
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale, UCAD, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djigal
authors.affiliation: Elisol Environnement, LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA, BP 1386, Dakar CP 18524, Senegal.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, UCAD, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sembéne
authors.affiliation: IRD, LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA, BP 1386, Dakar CP18524, Senegal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Masse
keywords: Biological control; Helicotylenchus dihystera; Pennisetum glaucum; Piliostigma reticulatum; Sahelian agrosystem management; millet intercropping; native evergreen woody shrub; nematicidal activity; plant-parasitic nematode; soil organic amendment; spiral nematode; western Africa