title: Changes in leukocyte subpopulations with decline in glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Recent studies suggested the role of white blood cells (WBCs) in the pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes. Increased WBC counts predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study alterations in WBC subpopulations in diabetic patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD are investigated. This was a cross-sectional study  on 376 participants, including   272 diabetic  patients  and  104  healthy  controls.  Total  and  differential  WBC  counts  were  compared  among diabetics with CKD, diabetics without CKD and controls. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, there was no significant difference in total WBC count between those with and without CKD. Diabetic patients with CKD had higher neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil and lower lymphocyte count compared with both diabetic patients without CKD and healthy controls. Except for monocytes, a significant association was observed between GFR and differential WBC counts, which persisted after adjustment for conventional diabetes riskfactors (R2=0.272, P < 0.001 for regression model). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was the best predictor ofGFR in total study population (beta= -1.995 ± 0.45, P<0.001). Changes in WBC subpopulations are present even before significant alterations in total WBC count. Immune system dysfunction needs special consideration in diabetic patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhjavani
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghajani Nargesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mirataollah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salabati
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Raziyeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahmoudzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morteza
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004804:Eosinophils; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes; D009504:Neutrophils
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Inflammation; Leukocyte count; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus