title: Fast and background-free three-dimensional (3D) live-cell imaging with lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles.
abstract: We report on the development of a three-dimensional (3D) live-cell imaging technique with high spatiotemporal resolution using lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). It employs the sectioning capability of confocal microscopy except that the two-dimensional (2D) section images are acquired by wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy. Although epi-fluorescence images are contaminated with the out-of-focus background in general, the near-infrared (NIR) excitation used for the excitation of UCNPs does not generate any autofluorescence, which helps to lower the background. Moreover, the image blurring due to defocusing was naturally eliminated in the image reconstruction process. The 3D images were used to investigate the cellular dynamics such as nuclear uptake and single-particle tracking that require 3D description.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hong Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yo Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yeongchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyujin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min-Gon
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea. ktlee@gist.ac.kr mkim@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kang Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements