title: 3D T2 MR Imaging-Based Measurements of the Posterior Cervical Thecal Sac in Flexion and Extension for Cervical Puncture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current standard technique for cervical puncture involves prone positioning with neck extension. The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of the posterior cervical thecal sac during neck flexion and extension in supine and prone positions by using high-resolution MR imaging to help determine the optimal positioning for cervical puncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging was performed of the cervical spine in 10 adult volunteers 18 years of age and older. Exclusion criteria included the following: a history of cervical spine injury/surgery, neck pain, and degenerative spondylosis. Images of sagittal 3D sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions were obtained in the following neck positions: supine extension, supine flexion, prone extension, and prone flexion. The degree of neck flexion and extension and the distance from the posterior margin of the spinal cord to the posterior aspect of the C1-C2 thecal sac were measured in each position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean anteroposterior size of the posterior C1-C2 thecal sac was as follows: 4.76 mm for supine extension, 3.63 mm for supine flexion, 5.00 mm for prone extension, and 4.00 mm for prone flexion. Neck extension yielded a larger CSF space than flexion, independent of supine/prone positioning. There was no correlation with neck angle and thecal sac size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The posterior C1-C2 thecal sac is larger with neck extension than flexion, independent of prone or supine positioning. Given that this space is the target for cervical puncture, findings suggest that extension is the ideal position for performing the procedure, and the decision for prone-versus-supine positioning can be made on the basis of operator comfort and patient preference/ability.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: M P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4392-8733
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bazylewicz
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-3783
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC. anousheh.sayah@gunet.georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-3802
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sayah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck; D056888:Patient Positioning; D016684:Prone Position; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods*