title: Soybean agglutinin-conjugated silver nanoparticles nanocarriers in the treatment of breast cancer cells.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induce diverse cell-death mechanisms, similar to those promoted by anticancer chemotherapeutics; however, they have not been tested in vivo because their action is not limited to cancer cells. Therefore, in vivo evaluations of their effectiveness should be developed with targeting systems. Breast cancer shows changes in the sugar expression patterns on cell surfaces, related to cancer progression and metastases; those changes have been identified previously by the specific binding of soybean agglutinin (SBA). Here is proposed the use of SBA to target the AgNP activity in breast cancer. For that, the present work reports the synthesis of AgNPs (3.89 ± 0.90 nm) through the polyol method, the generation of AgNP nanocarriers, and the bioconjugation protocol of the nanocarrier with SBA. The free AgNPs, the AgNP nanocarriers, and the SBA-bioconjugated AgNP nanocarriers were tested for cytotoxicity in breast cancerous (MDA-MB-231and MCF7) and non cancerous (MCF 10A) cells, using the MTT assay. AgNPs demonstrated cytotoxic activity in vitro, the non cancerous cells (MCF 10A) being more sensible than the cancerous cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) showing LD(50) values of 128, 205, and 319 μM Ag, respectively; the nanoencapsulation decreased the cytotoxic effect of AgNPs in non cancerous cells, maintaining or increasing the effect on the cancer-derived cells, whereas the SBA-bioconjugation allowed AgNP cytotoxic activity with a similar behavior to the nanocarriers. Future experiments need to be developed to evaluate the targeting effect of the SBA-bioconjugated AgNP nanocarriers to study their functionality in vivo.
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Applied Science and Advanced Technology , National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Rocio Guadalupe
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Casañas Pimentel
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Applied Science and Advanced Technology , National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Robles Botero
authors.affiliation: a Research Center for Applied Science and Advanced Technology , National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: San Martín Martínez
authors.affiliation: b National School of Medicine and Homeopathy , National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez García
authors.affiliation: c College of Human Ecology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Juan Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hinestroza
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017239:Paclitaxel; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D018030:Silver Compounds; D030262:Soybean Proteins; C028824:soybean lectin; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins
keywords: Breast cancer; bioconjugation; nanocarriers; silver nanoparticles; soybean agglutinin