title: Tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens, reproductive microchimerism and regulatory T cell memory: 60 years after 'Evidence for actively acquired tolerance to Rh antigens'.
abstract: Compulsory exposure to genetically foreign maternal tissue imprints in offspring sustained tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens (NIMA). Immunological tolerance to NIMA was first described by Dr. Ray D. Owen for women genetically negative for erythrocyte rhesus (Rh) antigen with reduced sensitization from developmental Rh exposure by their mothers. Extending this analysis to HLA haplotypes has uncovered the exciting potential for therapeutically exploiting NIMA-specific tolerance naturally engrained in mammalian reproduction for improved clinical outcomes after allogeneic transplantation. Herein, we summarize emerging scientific concepts stemming from tolerance to NIMA that includes postnatal maintenance of microchimeric maternal origin cells in offspring, expanded accumulation of immune suppressive regulatory T cells with NIMA-specificity, along with teleological benefits and immunological consequences of NIMA-specific tolerance conserved across mammalian species.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kinder
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Tony T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ertelt
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: b Center for Fetal Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Beverly S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.affiliation: b Center for Fetal Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Aimen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Sing Sing
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Way
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System