title: Sensitization to reactive diluents and hardeners in epoxy resin systems. IVDK data 2002-2011. Part I: reaction frequencies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epoxy resin systems (ERSs), consisting of resins, reactive diluents, and hardeners, are indispensable in many branches of industry. In order to develop less sensitizing ERS formulations, knowledge of the sensitizing properties of single components is mandatory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the frequency of sensitization in the patients concerned, as one integral part of a research project on the sensitizing potency of epoxy resin compounds (FP-0324).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2002-2011, and a comparison of reaction frequencies with (surrogate) exposure data, were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the patients sensitized to epoxy resin were additionally sensitized to reactive diluents or hardeners. Among the reactive diluents, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether was the most frequent allergen, followed by 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, and p-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether. Among the hardeners, m-xylylene diamine (MXDA) and isophorone diamine (IPDA) were the most frequent allergens. According to the calculated exposure-related frequency of sensitization, MXDA seems to be a far more important sensitizer than IPDA. Up to 60% of the patients sensitized to hardeners and 15-20% of those sensitized to reactive diluents do not react to epoxy resin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of suspected contact allergy to an ERS, a complete epoxy resin series must be patch tested from the start.
authors.affiliation: Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.affiliation: Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lessmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hillen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skudlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.|Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.|Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Centre Borstel, Airway Research Centre North, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jappe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002072:Butylene Glycols; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D004853:Epoxy Resins; C414962:1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether; C014376:1,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butane
keywords: epoxy resin systems; hardeners; occupational contact allergy; reactive diluents