title: Outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasing in the pediatric population. Pediatric recipients of solid organ transplantation (SOT) may be at a higher risk for CDI in part because of chemotherapy and prolonged hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database to study the incidence and outcomes related to CDI as a complicating factor in pediatric recipients of SOT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate that hospitalized children with SOT have increased rates of infection, with the greatest risk for younger children with additional comorbidities and severe illness. The type of transplanted organ affects the risk for CDI, with the lowest incidence observed in renal transplant patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of CDI in the pediatric SOT population contributes to a greater length of stay and higher hospital charges. However, CDI is not an independent predictor of increased in- hospital mortality in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: Medicine Institute Center for Value Based Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Jani
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sferra
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilroy
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olyaee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D010372:Pediatrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D066027:Transplant Recipients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019737:Transplants
keywords: C. difficile infection; children; incidence; transplantation