title: A Retrospective Quality Improvement Study Comparing Use Versus Nonuse of a Padded Heel Dressing to Offload Heel Ulcers of Different Etiologies.
abstract: Offloading heel ulcers is a challenging task because strategies deemed to be most optimal from a medical perspective may be unacceptable to patients. Observed adverse dressing events and problems with offloading devices led to a pilot study and subsequent change in practice at the authors' Foot and Leg Ulcer Clinic. Starting in 2004, patients requiring offloading received a nonremovable padded heel dressing (PHD) that was changed twice a week by the visiting nurse. A retrospective quality improvement review was conducted to compare outcomes, nursing visits, and nursing visit costs for 40 consecutive patients with heel ulcers treated at this clinic with a nonremovable PHD (n = 20) or without a PHD (n = 20) between January 20, 2001 and December 31, 2006. Patient demographic data, relevant comorbidities, wound depth, weeks of care, adverse events, and treatment-related narrative comments were abstracted from patient records. Relevant comorbidities were similar in both groups. The PHD group was younger (average age of 74.6 [range 35-91] years) compared to PHD nonuse group (average age 79.5 [range 25-95] years; P less than 0.04). The PHD group required fewer total weeks of care compared to the nonuse group (368 versus 527 weeks, respectively; P less than 0.001), and average duration of clinic treatment in the PHD group was 18.40 (range 5-51) weeks versus 40.54 (range 6-88) weeks in the nonuse group. The PHD group had fewer total nursing visits (736 versus 1,581, P less than 0.001); the average number of nursing visits for the PHD was 36.80 (range 10-102) compared to 121.61 (range 18-264) for the nonuse group. Nursing visit costs were lower for PHD users ($114,080 versus $245,055, P less than 0.001), and the cost-efficiency ratio was less than one third (1:3.3) of PHD nonuse for the average heel ulcer. All 20 patients in the PHD use group had wound closure compared with the PHD nonuse group, in which 13 out of 20 wounds closed, 3 amputations were performed, and 4 patients were lost to review (P less than 0.000). No adverse events were reported in the records of the PHD use group; the PHD nonuse group reported periwound maceration, skin stripping, pressure injury, and sensitivity. Patient and nurse feedback identified pain relief, improved mobility, easy technique, low cost, and reduced workload as benefits of PHD. The results of this quality improvement review warrant a prospective clinical study to examine the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of PHD for the care of patients with heel ulcers.
authors.forename: Noreen A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001458:Bandages; D005260:Female; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D014945:Wound Healing