title: Food Allergies: Novel Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.
abstract: Childhood food allergy (FA) rates have rapidly increased with significant direct medical costs for the health care system and even larger costs for the families with a food-allergic child. The possible causes of food allergy become the target of intense scrutiny in recent years. Increasing evidence underline the importance in early life of gut microbiome in the development of allergic diseases. There are a range of factors in the modern environment that may be associated with changes to both the gut microbiome and risk of FA, such as mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, infant feeding practices, farming environment, and country of origin. Knowledge of the relationship between early life gut microbiome and allergic diseases may facilitate development of novel preventive and treatment strategies. Based on our current knowledge, there are no currently available approved therapies for food allergy. More studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allergen-specific and allergen-nonspecific approaches, as well as combination approaches.
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paparo
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cosenza
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Scala
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nocerino
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aitoro
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy. berni@unina.it.|European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy. berni@unina.it.|CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. berni@unina.it.
authors.forename: Roberto Berni
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Canani
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D019936:Probiotics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens
keywords: Immune system; Immunotherapy; Intestinal microflora; Probiotics; Tolerance acquisition