title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among the high risk population in South-Western Ghana; a cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major global health problem. CKD is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and carries a risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and progression to end-stage kidney disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to use the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definitions to establish the prevalence and risk factors for CKD among a high risk population in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effia-Nkwanta regional and the Takoradi Government hospitals in South Western Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eight consecutive adults with diabetes, hypertension or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum creatinine and urine albumin-creatinine ratio respectively. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD was classified according to KDIGO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD was 30 %: 27 % in patients with diabetes, 22 % in patients with hypertension only and 74 % in patients with both diabetes and hypertension. GFR category G3a CKD was most prevalent stage (9 %). Albuminuria was highest among people with diabetes (39 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A convenience sample of patients attending clinics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD was prevalent in these high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
authors.forename: Richard Kd
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ephraim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
authors.forename: Sylvester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biekpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana ; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana.
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sakyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
authors.forename: Prince
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adoba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agbodjakey
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: Enoch O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Antoh