title: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of buccal misoprostol to reduce the need for additional uterotonic drugs during cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether buccal misoprostol during cesarean delivery in conjunction with active management of the third stage of labor reduces the need for additional uterotonic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed in Monterrey, Mexico, between February 2008 and December 2013. Eligible women had risk factors for uterine atony and were to undergo cesarean delivery under epidural block. Using a computer-generated sequence and blocks of six, patients were randomly assigned to receive 400μg misoprostol or 800μg placebo buccally after cord clamping. Both groups received an intravenous oxytocin infusion. The primary outcome was the need for additional uterotonic drugs. Analyses were performed per protocol. Patients, investigators, and data analysts were masked to group assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 women were included in analyses (60 in each group). At least one additional uterotonic drug was required in 24 (40%) women in the placebo group versus 6 (10%) women in the misoprostol group (relative risk 0.16; 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.44). No adverse effects due to misoprostol were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buccal misoprostol during cesarean delivery reduced the need for additional uterotonic drugs to treat uterine atony. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01733329.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico. Electronic address: flaviohernandezc@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López-Serna
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Emilio M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Treviño-Salinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Soria-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sordia-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eloy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Estrada
mesh_terms: D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008800:Mexico; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D014593:Uterine Inertia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; D010121:Oxytocin
keywords: Buccal administration; Misoprostol; Obstetric hemorrhage