title: Motivation for smoking cessation among drug-using smokers under methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation treatment service is concerned to be a critical element in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in order to diminish the effect of smoke on health outcomes. To implement the smoking cessation services in Vietnam, we examined the stages of change to quit and determined associated factors among MMT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 1016 MMT patients in five clinics in Hanoi and Nam Dinh province, of those, 932 (91.7%) were ever-smokers. Patients were classified into four groups: "pre-contemplation," "contemplation," "preparation," and "action and maintenance" by using the transtheoretical model. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine the associated factor for intention and action to quit smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 96% were not actively trying to quit or maintain abstinence. Age older than 45, HIV-positive status, and residence in Hanoi were negatively associated with intention to quit. Meanwhile, higher levels of nicotine dependence and number of years of smoking negatively associated with quitting and abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicated the high rate of MMT smokers being in pre-contemplation stage but low proportion of quitting and maintaining abstinence. It emphasizes the importance of availability and accessibility of information about smoking cessation therapies and services. Integrating cessation programs into health-care services should be considered to provide tailored interventions for different patient groups.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. bach@hmu.edu.vn.|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. bach@hmu.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Bach Xuan
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Long Hoang
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Huyen Phuc
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nhung Phuong Thi
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Huong Thu Thi
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Latkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009042:Motivation; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone