title: Effects of antenatal exercise in overweight and obese pregnant women on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether antenatal exercise in overweight/obese women would improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home-based intervention in Auckland, New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women with body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) .
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomised to a 16-week moderate-intensity stationary cycling programme from 20 weeks of gestation, or to a control group with no exercise intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome was offspring birthweight. Perinatal and maternal outcomes were assessed, with the latter including weight gain, aerobic fitness, quality of life, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal body composition. Exercise compliance was recorded with heart rate monitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five participants were randomised in the study (intervention 38, control 37). Offspring birthweight (adjusted mean difference 104 g; P = 0.35) and perinatal outcomes were similar between groups. Aerobic fitness improved in the intervention group compared with controls (48.0-second improvement in test time to target heart rate; P = 0.019). There was no difference in weight gain, quality of life, pregnancy outcomes or postnatal maternal body composition between groups. However, compliance with exercise protocol was poor, with an average of 33% of exercise sessions completed. Sensitivity analyses showed that greater compliance was associated with improved fitness (increased test time (P = 0.002), greater VO2 peak (P = 0.015), and lower resting heart rate (P = 0.014)), reduced postnatal adiposity (reduced fat mass (P = 0.007) and body mass index (P = 0.035)) and better physical quality of life (P = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal non-weight-bearing moderate-intensity exercise in pregnancy improved fitness but did not affect birthweight or clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-intensity exercise in overweight/obese pregnant women improved fitness but had no clinical effects.
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Seneviratne
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jgb
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Derraik
authors.affiliation: Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lme
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCowan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craigie
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gusso
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekeroma
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cutfield
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hofman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Antenatal exercise; body composition; obesity; pregnancy; quality of life