title: Endolymphatic hydrops in superior canal dehiscence and large vestibular aqueduct syndromes.
abstract: Pathologic third window lesions, such as superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) or large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), cause several auditory and vestibular symptoms, which might affect perilymphatic pressure and induce endolymphatic hydrops (EH). In this study, the existence of EH in subjects with SCDS or LVAS was investigated using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  
  Case series at university hospital.
  
  
  
  Seventeen ears from nine subjects who were diagnosed as having SCDS (five ears from three cases) or LVAS (12 ears from six cases) were studied. Ears were evaluated by 3-T MRI performed 4 hours after intravenous injection of gadodiamide hydrate. Imaging data concerning the degree of EH in the cochlea and the vestibule were compared with clinical symptoms and hearing levels for all ears.
  
  
  
  All ears showed air-bone gaps at low frequencies on pure tone audiometry. None of the subjects with SCDS had episodes of acute sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or vestibular symptoms, except for one patient who complained of head vibration induced by loud noise. Conversely, five of six subjects with LVAS had episodes of acute SNHL or vestibular symptoms. Four of five ears with SCDS showed severe EH in the cochlea, and two ears showed mild EH in the vestibule. All ears with LVAS showed mild to severe EH in both the cochlea and vestibule.
  
  
  
  The present study demonstrated the existence of EH in ears with pathologic third window lesions, which might affect patients' auditory or vestibular symptoms.
  
  
  
  4 Laryngoscope, 126:1446-1450, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teranishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naganawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D015834:Cochlear Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018159:Endolymphatic Hydrops / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010498:Perilymph / Q000502:physiology; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D013577:Syndrome; D014723:Vestibular Aqueduct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Hydrops; MRI; endolymphatic hydrops; large vestibular aqueduct; superior canal dehiscence; third window