title: Cone beam computed tomography study of apical root resorption induced by Herbst appliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the frequency of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment with Herbst appliance by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean ages 15.76±1.75 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance. CBCT was obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). All the dental roots, except third molars, were evaluated, and apical root resorption was determined using the axial guided navigation method. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon T Test were used to compare the dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Chi-Square Test with Yates' correction was used to evaluate the relationship between apical root resorption and gender. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apical resorption was detected by CBCT in 57.96% of 980 roots that underwent Herbst appliance treatment. All patients had minimal resorption and there was no statistical significance between the genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT three-dimensional evaluation showed association between Herbst appliance and minimal apical root resorption, mostly in the anchoring teeth, without clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taísa Boamorte
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Raveli
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kélei Cristina de Mathias
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Humberto Osvaldo
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirceu Barnabé
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Raveli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009811:Odontometry; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects