title: Obtainment and partial characterization of biodegradable gelatin films with tannic acid, bentonite and glycerol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research studies concerning the overall effect of the addition of plasticizers, cross-linking and strengthening agents in gelatin film-forming mixtures are very scarce. Also, there are no studies focused on the interactions among their individual components, or showing what sort of effects they might cause all together. A gelatin film obtained from a composite consisting of tannic acid, bentonite and glycerol was evaluated. Nine gelatin films were manufactured by the casting method, using these materials, following a 2(3) factorial design with five replicates on the central point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interactions among gelatin, tannic acid and bentonite caused a decrease in hydrogen bonds, while the polar groups of the gelatin chains were less exposed to interactions with water molecules. There was an increase in temperature and enthalpy of gelatin denaturation, due to increasing tannic acid and bentonite concentration. Tactoids were found in the gelatin films, caused mainly by bentonite polydispersion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A synergistic effect among tannic acid, bentonite and glycerol, which overall improved the measured gelatin film properties, was found. The best film formulation was that with 40, 150 and 250 g kg(-1) gelatin of tannic acid, bentonite and glycerol respectively, displaying a tensile strength of 38 MPa, an elongation at break of 136%, water vapor permeability of 1.28 × 10(-12) g (Pa s m)(-1) and solubility of 23.4%. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Zarama
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solorza-Feria
mesh_terms: D001546:Bentonite / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D010539:Permeability; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013227:Steam; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010968:Plasticizers; D013227:Steam; D013634:Tannins; C015233:gelatin film; D014867:Water; D001546:Bentonite; D005780:Gelatin; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: gelatin films; nanoclays; physicochemical properties; tannic acid