title: HPLC/Fluorometric Detection of Carvedilol in Real Human Plasma Samples Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction.
abstract: A simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed to quantify carvedilol in human plasma using an isocratic system with fluorescence detection. The method included a single-step liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether and ethylacetate mixture (3 : 1, v/v). HPLC separation was carried out by reversed-phase chromatography with a mobile phase composed of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7)-acetonitrile (65 : 35, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence detection was performed at 240 nm (excitation) and 330 nm (emission). The calibration curve for carvedilol was linear from 10 to 250 ng/mL. Intra- and interday precision values for carvedilol in human plasma were <4.93%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 4.71%. The analytical recovery of carvedilol from human plasma averaged out to 91.8%. The limits of detection and quantification of carvedilol were 3.0 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied to three patients with hypertension who had been given an oral tablet of 25 mg carvedilol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey yilmazb@atauni.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sakir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000097:Acetonitriles; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000097:blood*; D002021:Buffers; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000097:blood*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000379:methods*; D004986:Ether; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000097:blood*; D012997:Solvents; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000097:Acetonitriles; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002021:Buffers; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D012997:Solvents; D004986:Ether; D000077261:Carvedilol; C007650:ethyl acetate; C032159:acetonitrile