title: Improving Ambiguity Resolution for Medium Baselines Using Combined GPS and BDS Dual/Triple-Frequency Observations.
abstract: The regional constellation of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has been providing continuous positioning, navigation and timing services since 27 December 2012, covering China and the surrounding area. Real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning with combined BDS and GPS observations is feasible. Besides, all satellites of BDS can transmit triple-frequency signals. Using the advantages of multi-pseudorange and carrier observations from multi-systems and multi-frequencies is expected to be of much benefit for ambiguity resolution (AR). We propose an integrated AR strategy for medium baselines by using the combined GPS and BDS dual/triple-frequency observations. In the method, firstly the extra-wide-lane (EWL) ambiguities of triple-frequency system, i.e., BDS, are determined first. Then the dual-frequency WL ambiguities of BDS and GPS were resolved with the geometry-based model by using the BDS ambiguity-fixed EWL observations. After that, basic (i.e., L1/L2 or B1/B2) ambiguities of BDS and GPS are estimated together with the so-called ionosphere-constrained model, where the ambiguity-fixed WL observations are added to enhance the model strength. During both of the WL and basic AR, a partial ambiguity fixing (PAF) strategy is adopted to weaken the negative influence of new-rising or low-elevation satellites. Experiments were conducted and presented, in which the GPS/BDS dual/triple-frequency data were collected in Nanjing and Zhengzhou of China, with the baseline distance varying from about 28.6 to 51.9 km. The results indicate that, compared to the single triple-frequency BDS system, the combined system can significantly enhance the AR model strength, and thus improve AR performance for medium baselines with a 75.7% reduction of initialization time on average. Besides, more accurate and stable positioning results can also be derived by using the combined GPS/BDS system.
authors.affiliation: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. gaow@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. gaochfa@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chengfa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. psg@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. owenxun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. 220142542@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiadong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
keywords: GPS/BDS; ambiguity resolution; dual/triple-frequency observations; medium baselines; partial ambiguity fixing