title: Interleukins 6 and 15 Levels Are Higher in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, but Obesity Is Associated with Their Increased Content in Visceral Fat Depots.
abstract: Excess adiposity is associated with chronic inflammation, which takes part in the development of obesity-related complications. The aim of this study was to establish whether subcutaneous (SAT) or visceral (VAT) adipose tissue plays a major role in synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concentrations of interleukins (IL): 1β, 6, 8 and 15 were measured at the protein level by an ELISA-based method and on the mRNA level by real-time PCR in VAT and SAT samples obtained from 49 obese (BMI > 40 kg/m²) and 16 normal-weight (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m²) controls. IL-6 and IL-15 protein concentrations were higher in SAT than in VAT for both obese (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and control individuals (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively), while for IL-1β this was observed only in obese subjects (p = 0.047). What characterized obese individuals was the higher expression of IL-6 and IL-15 at the protein level in VAT compared to normal-weight controls (p = 0.047 and p = 0.016, respectively). Additionally, obese individuals with metabolic syndrome had higher IL-1β levels in VAT than did obese individuals without this syndrome (p = 0.003). In conclusion, concentrations of some pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in SAT than in VAT, but it was the increased pro-inflammatory activity of VAT that was associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. martajonas@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Marta Izabela
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. akurylowicz@imdik.pan.pl.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurylowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. zbigniew.bartoszewicz@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bartoszewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland. wojciech.lisik@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lisik
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland. morjon@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Maurycy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland. bigniew-wierzbicki@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland. andrzejchmura@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chmura
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland. piotrpruszczyk@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pruszczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland. mpuzianowska@wum.edu.pl.|Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 99 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland. mpuzianowska@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puzianowska-Kuznicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019409:Interleukin-15; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: inflammation; interleukins; obesity; subcutaneous adipose tissue; visceral adipose tissue