title: Delayed diagnosis of ureteral injuries following gynecological laparoscopic surgery: three case reports and review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical manifestations, causes, and methods for the treatment and prevention of ureteral injuries presenting late after gynecological laparoscopic surgeries were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients who experienced delayed recognition of ureteral injuries after gynecological laparoscopic surgeries in the present hospital between 2008 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are three cases of ureteral injuries which are diagnose-delayed, The incidence of the malignant tumor groups was 0.99%, and for malignant patients undergoing laparoscopic lymphadenectomy it was 1.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main way to prevent delayed ureteral injuries is to avoid adhesion between the ureter and surrounding tissues as well as eliminate electrothermal trauma during laparoscopic operations. Surgical repair is effective for such patients.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery