title: Pixelated transmission-mode diamond X-ray detector.
abstract: Fabrication and testing of a prototype transmission-mode pixelated diamond X-ray detector (pitch size 60-100 µm), designed to simultaneously measure the flux, position and morphology of an X-ray beam in real time, are described. The pixel density is achieved by lithographically patterning vertical stripes on the front and horizontal stripes on the back of an electronic-grade chemical vapor deposition single-crystal diamond. The bias is rotated through the back horizontal stripes and the current is read out on the front vertical stripes at a rate of ∼ 1 kHz, which leads to an image sampling rate of ∼ 30 Hz. This novel signal readout scheme was tested at beamline X28C at the National Synchrotron Light Source (white beam, 5-15 keV) and at beamline G3 at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (monochromatic beam, 11.3 keV) with incident beam flux ranges from 1.8 × 10(-2) to 90 W mm(-2). Test results show that the novel detector provides precise beam position (positional noise within 1%) and morphology information (error within 2%), with an additional software-controlled single channel mode providing accurate flux measurement (fluctuation within 1%).
authors.affiliation: Material Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
authors.forename: Tianyi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
authors.forename: Wenxiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Instrumentation Divison, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Mengjia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaowei
authors.affiliation: Instrumentation Divison, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Geronimo
authors.affiliation: Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Jen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohon
authors.affiliation: Instrumentation Divison, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smedley
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014159:Transducers; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond
keywords: X-ray detector; beam position monitor; diamond; flux; morphology