title: Identification of Newly Emerging Influenza Viruses by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.
abstract: In this work, we demonstrate in situ virus identification based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We hypothesized that newly emerging influenza viruses possess surface proteins and lipids that can generate distinctive Raman signals. To test this hypothesis, SERS signals were measured from the surface of a noninfluenza virus, two different influenza viruses, and a genetically shuffled influenza virus. To ensure the safety for experimenters we constructed nonreplicating pseudotyped viruses that display main influenza virus surface components. Pseudotype with influenza virus components produced enhanced Raman peaks, on gold nanoparticles, that are easily distinguishable from those of pseudotype with a noninfluenza virus component, vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSVG). Furthermore, virus with the surface components of a newly emerging influenza strain, A/California/04/2009 (H1N1), generated Raman peaks different from those of viruses with components of the conventional laboratory-adapted influenza strain, A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Interestingly, the virus simultaneously displaying surface components of both influenza strains, a model mutant with genome reassortment, also produced a Raman signal pattern that is clearly distinguishable from those of each strain. This work highlights that SERS can provide a powerful label-free strategy to quickly identify newly emerging and potentially fatal influenza viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
authors.forename: Se-eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunku
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon-ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyu-Un
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University , Seoul, 121-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Taewook
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University , Seoul, 136-713, Korea.|School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University , Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeonho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014764:Viral Proteins; D006046:Gold