title: Elemental changes in the hippocampal formation following two different formulas of ketogenic diet: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study.
abstract: The main purpose of the following study was the determination of elemental changes occurring within hippocampal formation as a result of high-fat and carbohydrate-restricted ketogenic diet (KD). To realize it, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was applied for topographic and quantitative analysis of P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in hippocampal formations taken from rats fed with two different KDs and naive controls. The detailed comparisons were done for sectors 1 and 3 of the Ammon's, the dentate gyrus and hilus of dentate gyrus. The results of elemental analysis showed that the KDs induced statistically significant changes in the accumulation of P, K, Ca, Zn and Se in particular areas of hippocampal formation and these alterations strongly depended on the composition of the diets. Much greater influence on the hippocampal areal densities of examined elements was found for the KD which was characterized by a lower content of carbohydrates, higher content of fats and increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The levels of P, K and Zn decreased whilst those of Ca and Se increased as a result of the treatment with the KDs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland. joanna.chwiej@fis.agh.edu.pl.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chwiej
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patulska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skoczen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janeczko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciarach
authors.affiliation: ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Setkowicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D055423:Diet, Ketogenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Hippocampal formation; Ketogenic diet; Synchrotron radiation; Topographic and quantitative elemental analysis; X-ray fluorescence microscopy