title: Distinct functionality of neutrophils in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In contrast to multiple sclerosis (MS), lesions in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently contain neutrophils. However, the phenotypic profile of neutrophils in these two distinct pathologies remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim is to better understand the potential contribution of neutrophils to NMO and MS pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed the first functional analysis of blood neutrophils in NMO and MS, including evaluation of neutrophil immune response (fMLP receptor, TLR2), chemotaxis and migration (CXCR1, CD62L, CD43), regulation of complement (CD46, CD55, CD59), respiratory burst, phagocytosis and degranulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy controls (HC), neutrophils in NMO and MS show an activated phenotype characterized by an increased surface expression of TLR2 and fMLP receptor. However, contrary to MS neutrophils, NMO neutrophils show reduced adhesion and migratory capacity as well as decreased reduced production of reactive oxygen species (respiratory burst) and degranulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although NMO and MS neutrophils display an activated phenotype in comparison with HC, NMO neutrophils show a compromised functionality when compared with MS patients. These results suggest a distinct functional profile of neutrophils in MS and NMO.
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany/Institute for Medical Immunology, Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hertwig
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pache
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Immunology, Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romero-Suarez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Klarissa H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Stürner
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borisow
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany/Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellmann-Strobl
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany/Institute for Medical Immunology, Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bibiane
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Immunology, Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asselborn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Klemens
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Immunology, Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Immunology, Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Infante-Duarte
authors.affiliation: NeuroCure Clinical Research Center NCRC, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany/Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany/Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany friedemann.paul@charite.de.
authors.forename: Friedemann
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018957:CD59 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000276:immunology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D051917:Leukosialin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C497857:CD46 protein, human; D018958:CD55 Antigens; D018957:CD59 Antigens; D051917:Leukosialin; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; C465014:SPN protein, human; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C051590:CD59 protein, human; D019041:L-Selectin
keywords: Neutrophils; innate immunity; multiple sclerosis; neuromyelitis optica