title: Transcriptome, microRNA, and degradome analyses of the gene expression of Paulownia with phytoplamsa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) is a fatal disease of Paulownia caused by a phytoplasma. In previous studies, we found that plants with PaWB symptoms would revert to a healthy morphology after methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) treatment. To completely understand the gene expression profiles of the Paulownia-phytoplasma interaction, three high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to investigate changes of gene expression and microRNAs (miRNAs) in healthy Paulownia tomentosa plantlets, PaWB-infected plantlets, and PaWB-infected plantlets treated with 60 mg · L(-1) MMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcriptome, miRNAs and degradome sequencing were performed to explore the global gene expression profiles in the process of Paulownia tomentosa with phytoplasma infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 98,714 all-unigenes, 62 conserved miRNAs, and 35 novel miRNAs were obtained, among which 902 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 24 miRNAs were found to be associated with PaWB disease. Subsequently, the target genes of these miRNAs were predicted by degradome sequencing. Interestingly, we found that 19 target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were among the 902 DEGs. The targets of pau-miR156g, pau-miR403, and pau-miR166c were significantly up-regulated in the P. tomentosa plantlets infected with phytoplasma. Interaction of miRNA -target genes mediated gene expression related to PaWB were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results elucidated the possible roles of the regulation of genes and miRNAs in the Paulownia-phytoplasma interaction, which will enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of PaWB disease in this plant.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. zlxx64@126.com.|College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. zlxx64@126.com.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. cxb-1106@163.com.|College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. cxb-1106@163.com.
authors.forename: Xibing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. suyanniu_happy@126.com.
authors.forename: Suyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. dengmj1980@gmail.com.|College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. dengmj1980@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. zhaozl@gmail.com.|College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. zhaozl@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhenli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. dongdyp@mail.nankai.edu.cn.|College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China. dongdyp@mail.nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D000068378:Lamiales / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045582:Phytoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D010940:Plant Proteins