title: Tobacco Product Use Among Sexual Minority Adults: Findings From the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing body of evidence reveals higher rates of tobacco use among sexual minority populations relative to non-minority ("straight") populations. This study seeks to more fully characterize this disparity by examining tobacco use by distinct sexual identities and gender to better understand patterns of: (1) cigarette smoking and smoking history; and (2) use of other tobacco products including cigars, pipes, hookah, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a random-digit dialed landline and cellular telephone survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, were analyzed in 2014. A sexual minority category was created by combining gay, lesbian, and bisexual responses, along with those who selected an option for other non-heterosexual identities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking prevalence was higher among sexual minority adults (27.4%) than straight adults (17.3%). Cigarette smoking was particularly high among bisexual women (36.0%). Sexual minority women started smoking and transitioned to daily smoking earlier than their straight peers. Use of other tobacco products was higher among sexual minority women: prevalence of e-cigarette (12.4%), hookah (10.3%), and cigar use (7.2%) was more than triple that of their straight female peers (3.4%, 2.5%, and 1.3%, respectively). Likewise, prevalence of sexual minority men's e-cigarette (7.9%) and hookah (12.8%) use exceeded that of straight men (4.7% and 4.5%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco use is significantly higher among sexual minority than straight adults, particularly among sexual minority women. These findings underscore the importance of tobacco control efforts designed to reach sexual minorities and highlight the heterogeneity of tobacco use within this population.
authors.affiliation: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland. Electronic address: sarah.johnson@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holder-Hayes
authors.affiliation: Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Greta K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Tessman
authors.affiliation: Office on Smoking and Health, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Office of Health Communication and Education, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors.forename: Tesfa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Office of Health Communication and Education, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland;; Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D062789:Tobacco Products; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult