title: Lipophilic bioactive compounds in the oils recovered from cereal by-products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The by-products of seven different cereal grains were investigated as a source of extractable oil, rich in lipophilic bioactive compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oil yields (g kg(-1) DW) recovered from cereal by-products were as follows: 189 (rice bran) > 112 (wheat germ) > 74 (corn bran) > 58 (oat bran) > 41 (buckwheat bran) > 39 (spelt bran) > 33 (wheat bran) > 27 (rye bran). The main fatty acids identified in the studied oil samples were palmitic acid (11.39-17.23%), oleic acid (11.76-42.73%), linoleic acid (35.54-62.65%) and α-linolenic acid (1.05-9.46%). The range of total tocochromanols and phytosterols in the obtained oils was 0.369-3.763 and 1.19-35.24 g kg(-1) of oil, respectively. The oils recovered from buckwheat and corn bran, and wheat germ were dominated by tocopherols (99.9, 84.2 and 96.5%, respectively), whereas the oat, rice, rye, spelt, wheat bran oils were rich in tocotrienols (73.9, 79.6, 78.1, 90.6 and 73.8%, respectively). The campesterol and β-sitosterol constituted 10.1-32.5 and 30.4-63.7%, respectively, of total phytosterols contents identified in all of the studied samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that oils recovered from the cereal by-products are richer sources of bioactive compounds, compared with traditional oils. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Graudu 1, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Górnaś
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudzińska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raczyk
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney (Parramatta), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Arianne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soliven
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010840:Phytosterols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D012855:Sitosterols; D024508:Tocotrienols; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D013185:Squalene; D002784:Cholesterol; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: bran oils; cereal by-products; fatty acids; phytosterols; tocopherols; tocotrienols