title: The influence of soccer match play on physiological and physical performance measures in soccer referees and assistant referees.
abstract: The aim of this study was to quantify the acute impact of soccer match officiating on selected physiological and physical performance measures. Twenty-four officials from the Spanish National 3rd Division participated in this study. External global positioning system and internal (heart rate) load data were collected for each match official during 8 official matches. Pre- and post-matches, the referees were assessed for tympanic temperature, blood lactate, 15- and 30-m sprint speeds and unilateral (dominant and non-dominant legs) and bilateral vertical jump performances. For referees, the acute physiological and physical performance effects of officiating (post-match value minus pre-match value) were large increases in blood lactate (1.7 mmol · l(-1); ±90% confidence limit, 0.9 mmol · l(-1); effect size, ES = 4.35), small increases in 15-m sprint (0.09; ±0.04 s; ES = 0.53) and 30-m sprint speeds (0.14; ±0.08 s; ES = 0.39) and a small increase in non-dominant leg jump performance (2.1; ±1.4 cm; ES = 0.31). For assistant referees, there was a small decrease in tympanic temperature (-0.3°C; ±0.2°C; ES = -0.65) and small increases in blood lactate (0.4; ±0.3 mmol · l(-1); ES = 0.66), 15-m sprint speed (0.06; ±0.04 s; ES = 0.47), 30-m sprint speed (0.11; ±0.16 s; ES = 0.49) and bilateral countermovement jump height (3.4; ±1.5 cm; ES = 0.45). Taken together, these data demonstrate that the physical demands of soccer officiating are sufficient to elicit increases in blood lactate and small decrements in sprint performance and, thereby, provide some evidence for match-related fatigue.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science , University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science , University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yanci
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science , University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cámara
authors.affiliation: b Department of Sport & Exercise Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Business & Law , Teesside University , Middlesbrough , UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013030:Spain; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Match officials; fatigue; field-testing; jumping; sprinting