title: Schwann-cell cylinders grown inside hyaluronic-acid tubular scaffolds with gradient porosity.
abstract: Cell transplantation therapies in the nervous system are frequently hampered by glial scarring and cell drain from the damaged site, among others. To improve this situation, new biomaterials may be of help. Here, novel single-channel tubular conduits based on hyaluronic acid (HA) with and without poly-l-lactide acid fibers in their lumen were fabricated. Rat Schwann cells were seeded within the conduits and cultured for 10days. The conduits possessed a three-layered porous structure that impeded the leakage of the cells seeded in their interior and made them impervious to cell invasion from the exterior, while allowing free transport of nutrients and other molecules needed for cell survival. The channel's surface acted as a template for the formation of a cylindrical sheath-like tapestry of Schwann cells continuously spanning the whole length of the lumen. Schwann-cell tubes having a diameter of around 0.5mm and variable lengths can thus be generated. This structure is not found in nature and represents a truly engineered tissue, the outcome of the specific cell-material interactions. The conduits might be useful to sustain and protect cells for transplantation, and the biohybrids here described, together with neuronal precursors, might be of help in building bridges across significant distances in the central and peripheral nervous system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper entitled "Schwann-cell cylinders grown inside hyaluronic-acid tubular scaffolds with gradient porosity" reports on the development of a novel tubular scaffold and on how this scaffold acts on Schwann cells seeded in its interior as a template to produce macroscopic hollow continuous cylinders of tightly joined Schwann cells. This cellular structure is not found in nature and represents a truly engineered novel tissue, which obtains as a consequence of the specific cell-material interactions within the scaffold.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilariño-Feltrer
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monleón-de-la-Fuente
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallés-Lluch
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moratal
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), C/ Profesor Martín Lagos, S/N, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barcia Albacar
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: mmonleon@ter.upv.es.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monleón Pradas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Cell sheet; Hyaluronic acid; Nervous system regeneration; Protective barrier; Schwann cell