title: Outcome expectations and associated treatment outcomes in motivational enhancement therapy delivered in English and Spanish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between patients' baseline expectations regarding treatment outcome and actual outcomes has not been widely studied within the field of substance use disorders. We hypothesized that outcome expectations would be unrelated to outcomes in a study investigating motivational enhancement therapy delivered in English (MET-E) consistent with our earlier work, and conducted exploratory analyses in a separate study that investigated the same treatment delivered in Spanish (MET-S).
  
  
  METHODS
  These secondary analyses compared patient outcome expectations and substance use treatment outcomes in two large, multisite randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated three sessions of MET-E or MET-S. The MET-E sample included 461 participants and the MET-S sample included 405 participants. Outcome expectations were measured by a single item regarding expectations about abstinence prior to initiating treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome expectations were strongly associated with most substance use outcomes in the MET-S trial (but not in MET-E), even after controlling for severity of substance use at baseline. In MET-S, those who indicated that they were "unsure" that they would achieve abstinence during treatment submitted a greater percentage of drug-positive urine toxicology screens during the treatment period than those who were 'sure' they would achieve abstinence (F = 18.83, p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients' outcome expectations regarding the likelihood of abstinence may be an important predictor of drug use treatment outcomes among Spanish-speakers, but not necessarily for English-speakers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual differences and cultural factors may play a role in the association between outcome expectations and treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.|VA Connecticut Health Care System and New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, West Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kiluk
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Añez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frankforter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult