title: Shenqi fuzheng injection attenuates irradiation-induced brain injury in mice via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and microglial activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most common and severe adverse effect induced by cranial radiation therapy (CRT). In the present study, we examined the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) on RIBI in mice, and explored the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a single dose of 20-Gy CRT. The mice were treated with SFI (20 mL·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive changes. Evans blue leakage and a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) assay were used to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The expression of inflammatory factors and microglial activation in brain tissues were detected using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRT caused marked reductions in the body weight and life span of the mice, and significantly impaired their spatial learning. Furthermore, CRT significantly increased the BBB permeability, number of activated microglia, expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and the levels of phosphorylated p65 and PIDD-CC (the twice-cleaved fragment of p53-induced protein with a death domain) in the brain tissues. Four-week SFI treatment (administered for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after CRT) not only significantly improved the physical status, survival, and spatial learning in CRT-treated mice, but also attenuated all the CRT-induced changes in the brain tissues. Four-week SFI pretreatment (administered for 4 weeks before CRT) was less effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of SFI effectively attenuates irradiation-induced brain injury via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and microglial activation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Ling-juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Experimental Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Ji-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C521737:shenqi fuzheng