title: Rural Area Deprivation and Hospitalizations Among Children for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions.
abstract: This study examined the intersection of rurality and community area deprivation using a nine-state sample of inpatient hospitalizations among children (<18 years of age) from 2011. One state from each of the nine US census regions with substantial rural representation and varying degrees of community vulnerability was selected. An area deprivation index was constructed and used in conjunction with rurality to examine differences in the rate of ACSC hospitalizations among children in the sample states. A mixed model with both fixed and random effects was used to test influence of rurality and area deprivation on the odds of a pediatric hospitalization due to an ACSC within the sample. Of primary interest was the interaction of rurality and area deprivation. The study found rural counties are disproportionality represented among the most deprived. Within the least deprived counties, the likelihood of an ACSC hospitalization was significantly lower in rural than among their urban counterparts. However, this rural advantage declines as the level of deprivation increases, suggesting the effect of rurality becomes more important as social and economic advantage deteriorates. We also found ACSC hospitalization to be much higher among racial/ethnic minority children and those with Medicaid or self-pay as an anticipated source of payment. These findings further contribute to the existing body of evidence documenting racial/ethnic disparities in important health related outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Box 70264, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA. halenl@etsu.edu.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Policy and Management, South Carolina Rural Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Policy and Management, South Carolina Rural Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D058991:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; D064890:Social Determinants of Health; D014481:United States; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
keywords: Ambulatory care sensitive conditions; Children; Primary care; Rural; Social determinants