title: Encrustation of the Ureteral Double J Stent in Patients with a Solitary Functional Kidney - a Case Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of ureteric stents in the management of various urological conditions causing the upper urinary tract obstruction has been extensively proven, and their contribution to urology remains enormous. The clinical use of ureteric stents is associated with several complications. "Stent syndrome," encrustation, migration and urothelial hyperplasia are the most common problems related to long-term ureteral stenting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This work presents an interesting case from our practice: a complete encrustation of a classical polyurethane double J stent two and a half months after its initial instillation, in a 70 year old man, with a solitary functioning kidney, as well as successful removal of it by using a simultaneous treatment of extracorporeal lithotripsy and ureteroscopy with a contact disintegration of encrustations and with percutaneous nephrostomy, as an auxiliary procedure for providing of additional urine derivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These problems can be overcome by the introduction of new advanced ureteral stent designs and biomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, University Hospital Clinical Center Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Snjezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milicevic
authors.affiliation: Community Health Center, Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Radojka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bijelic
authors.affiliation: ZU "S.tetik" Daily Oncology Hospital, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Branislava
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014513:Ureter; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: encrustation; endocorporeal or extracorporeal lithotripsy; stent syndrome