title: Role of Agents other than Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers in the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis.
abstract: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by possible peripheral and axial joint involvement, enthesitis, dactylitis, and skin and nail disease. It affects up to one-third of psoriatic patients, and may be associated with comorbidities such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The usually prescribed initial treatment of moderate-severe PsA is methotrexate, which may be accompanied or replaced by a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor such as etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab. However, some patients may become unresponsive (or have contraindications) to available anti-TNF agents and require alternative treatment. The aim of this review is to describe the potential role of some new immunomodulatory agents.
authors.affiliation: From the Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan; the Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples; and the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Atzeni, MD, PhD, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute; L. Costa, MD; F. Caso, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua; R. Scarpa, MD; P. Sarzi-Puttini, MD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II. atzenifabiola@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atzeni
authors.affiliation: From the Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan; the Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples; and the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Atzeni, MD, PhD, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute; L. Costa, MD; F. Caso, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua; R. Scarpa, MD; P. Sarzi-Puttini, MD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: From the Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan; the Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples; and the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Atzeni, MD, PhD, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute; L. Costa, MD; F. Caso, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua; R. Scarpa, MD; P. Sarzi-Puttini, MD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.affiliation: From the Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan; the Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples; and the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Atzeni, MD, PhD, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute; L. Costa, MD; F. Caso, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua; R. Scarpa, MD; P. Sarzi-Puttini, MD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.affiliation: From the Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan; the Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples; and the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.F. Atzeni, MD, PhD, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute; L. Costa, MD; F. Caso, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua; R. Scarpa, MD; P. Sarzi-Puttini, MD, Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II.
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarzi-Puttini
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: APREMILAST; INTERLEUKIN-17 INHIBITORS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; RITUXIMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITORS; USTEKINUMAB