title: The Role of Chronic Exposure to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid on the Developmental Enamel Defects in Mice.
abstract: Amoxicillin used in early childhood may be associated with enamel hypomineralization. Our aim was to assess disturbances of amelogenesis in mice lower incisors induced by chronic administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC). Twenty-eight C57BL/6 male mice, of similar age, randomly divided into a control and 3 treatment groups (n = 7) received subcutaneous injection, once per day, for 60 days: 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW of AMC. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis in AMC treatment groups showed higher content in F and a decrease in P and Ca. Morphology changes ranged from scratched patterns, and small isolated pits-like enamel loss, to generalized demineralized enamel surface, giving a rough, foamy, scaly, or even cracked eggshell appearance to the affected areas. Histological analysis showed disturbances of maturation ameloblasts, which were less organized, with increased amounts of clear vacuoles in the cytoplasm and slightly more elongated and less condensed nucleus. Additionally, they were often detached from the enamel matrix. Transitional ameloblasts formed underlying the cysts of varied sizes. In conclusion, AMC dose-dependently affect ameloblast functions especially in the maturation phase, causing hypomineralized enamel formation with quantitative and/or qualitative defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Eugeniu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mihalaş
authors.affiliation: "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Lavinia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matricala
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Regional Oncology Institute, Iasi, Romania Center for Simulation and Training in Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chelmuş
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Regional Oncology Institute, Iasi, Romania Center for Simulation and Training in Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Nicolae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gheţu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania pedodontic.research@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Sorin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paşca
mesh_terms: D000566:Amelogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
chemical_list: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination
keywords: amelogenesis; histology; hypoplastic enamel; molar incisor hypomineralization; morphology; scanning electron microscopy