title: Origin of artificial radionuclides in soil and sediment from North Wales.
abstract: During the operations at the Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing complex, artificial radionuclides are discharged to the Irish Sea under authorisation, where they are dispersed. In this study, the southern distribution and transport of Sellafield derived radionuclides have been investigated. Both natural and artificial radionuclides have been studied in a soil core from the riverbank of the Afon Goch in Anglesey, North Wales. Particulate input is dominant for all artificial radionuclides (including the more soluble (137)Cs and (236)U) with an estimated lag time of about a decade. The preferential northward seawater movement in the NE Irish Sea limits solution input of (137)Cs and (236)U to the areas south of Sellafield. The relatively long lag time reflects both the water circulation pattern and distance between the study site in north Wales and the source point in Cumbria. Two redox active zones are observed in the top and the bottom of this core, although there is no evidence for any redistribution of Pu and natural uranium by these redox processes. However, (236)U, derived from irradiated uranium, showed variable distribution in the core. This could be a potential response to the geochemical conditions, showing that (236)U may be a promising tracer for the environmental processes and a signature of the Sellafield historical discharges of irradiated uranium.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Hamza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Qasmi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth T W
authors.initials: GTW
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: L Keith
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Fifield
authors.affiliation: Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: francis.livens@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Francis R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Livens
mesh_terms: D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014852:Wales; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive
keywords: Afon Goch; Irish Sea; Radionuclide; Sellafield