title: Vitamin D status, body composition and glycemic control in an ambulatory population with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
abstract: To determine the interrelationships between body composition, glycemic control and vitamin D status in an ambulatory population with diabetes (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  
  Adult (18-80 years) patients (n=60) with DM and stage 1-4 CKD were recruited from the Northern Alberta Renal Program. Outcome variables included body composition (absolute/regional fat (FM)/lean soft tissue/total mass, percent fat/lean/fat-free (FFM) mass), glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)), vitamin D intake (dietary/supplemental) and vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)) measured by validated methodologies. Sarcopenia was determined as an appendicular skeletal mass/height(2) less than 7.26 kg/m(2) (males) and 5.45 kg/m(2) (females).
  
  
  
  Suboptimal HbA1c (>7%), 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/l) and 1,25(OH)2D (<43 pmol/l) concentrations were present in 57, 8 and 11% of participants. Ten percent of subjects had sarcopenia. Gender/age/DM type, not CKD, significantly influenced regional/whole body composition. Females, older participants and those with type 2 DM had higher %FM. No significant interrelationships between vitamin D status and glycemic control were observed (P>0.05). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with arm lean soft tissue/FFM/total mass, weight, appendicular skeletal mass, lean soft tissue/height(2), FFM/height(2), appendicular skeletal mass/height(2) and body mass index (P<0.05). Sarcopenia occurred more frequently in patients with 25(OH)D concentrations ⩾100 nmol/l. Regional/whole body %FM was inversely related to 1,25(OH)2D, not 25(OH)D.
  
  
  
  Body composition, not glycemic control, is associated with vitamin D status in an ambulatory population of adults with DM and CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.|Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.|Northern Alberta Renal Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.|Department of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000416:Alberta; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D