title: Twenty Years of Listeria in Brazil: Occurrence of Listeria Species and Listeria monocytogenes Serovars in Food Samples in Brazil between 1990 and 2012.
abstract: Listeria spp. isolated from different food products and collected from 12 Brazilian states were sent to the Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonoses (Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil) for identification. The aims of this study were to characterize these isolates, from 1990 to 2012, by using biochemical, morphological, and serotyping tests, and to analyze the distribution of L. monocytogenes serotypes on different food products and geographical locations. Serotyping was performed using polyclonal somatic and flagellar antisera. Of 5953 isolates, 5770 were identified as Listeria spp., from which 3429 (59.4%) were L. innocua, 2248 (38.9%) were L. monocytogenes, and 93 (1.6%) were other Listeria spp. L. innocua was predominantly isolated from 1990 to 2000, while L. monocytogenes was from 2001 to 2012. Regarding the serotype distribution in the foods, serotypes 1/2a and 4b were most common in processed meat and ready-to-eat products, respectively; serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b were the most common in nonprocessed meat. The results above confirm the presence of the main serotypes of L. monocytogenes in different parts of the food chain from three regions of the country and emphasize the importance of improving the control measures, as tolerance zero policy and microbiological surveillance in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deyse Christina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Vallim
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS, Bloco K, 2° andar, Sala 49, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barroso Hofer
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo de Castro
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Lisbôa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Victor
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alves Rusak
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristhiane Moura Falavina
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D065288:Serogroup; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods