title: Predictors, treatment, and outcomes of STEMI occurring in hospitalized patients.
abstract: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is most commonly caused by an acute thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery. For patients in whom the onset of STEMI occurs outside of hospital (outpatient STEMI), early reperfusion therapy with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention reduces complications and improves survival, compared with delayed reperfusion. STEMI systems of care are defined as integrated groups of separate entities focused on reperfusion therapy for STEMI, generally including emergency medical services, emergency medicine, cardiology, nursing, and hospital administration. These systems of care have been successful at reducing total ischaemia time and outpatient STEMI mortality. By contrast, much less is known about STEMI that occurs in hospitalized patients (inpatient STEMI), which has unique clinical features and much worse outcomes than outpatient STEMI. Inpatient STEMI is associated with older age, a higher female:male ratio, and more comorbidities than outpatient STEMI. Delays in diagnosis and infrequent use of reperfusion therapy probably also contribute to unfavourable outcomes for inpatient STEMI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
authors.forename: Xuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
authors.forename: Sidney C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Stouffer
mesh_terms: D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome