title: 2015 update of the evidence base: World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines.
abstract: The World Allergy Organization (WAO) Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis provide a unique global perspective on this increasingly common, potentially life-threatening disease. Recommendations made in the original WAO Anaphylaxis Guidelines remain clinically valid and relevant, and are a widely accessed and frequently cited resource. In this 2015 update of the evidence supporting recommendations in the Guidelines, new information based on anaphylaxis publications from January 2014 through mid- 2015 is summarized. Advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management in healthcare and community settings are highlighted. Additionally, new information about patient factors that increase the risk of severe and/or fatal anaphylaxis and patient co-factors that amplify anaphylactic episodes is presented and new information about anaphylaxis triggers and confirmation of triggers to facilitate specific trigger avoidance and immunomodulation is reviewed. The update includes tables summarizing important advances in anaphylaxis research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics & Child Health and Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Manitoba, Room FE125, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, R3A 1R9 MB Canada.
authors.forename: F Estelle R
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy & Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebisawa
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Borges
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bernard Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Thong
authors.affiliation: Allergie-Centrum-Charite, Klinik fur Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Campus Charite Mitte, Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Margitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worm
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Servidor Publico Estadual de Sao Paulo and Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Kase
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tanno
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lockey
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yehia M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: El-Gamal
authors.affiliation: Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, and University of Western Australia and Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Simon Ga
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Sim
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Allergy & Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
keywords: Adrenaline; Anaphylaxis; Auto-injector; Drug allergy; Epinephrine; Exercise-induced anaphylaxis; Food allergy; Latex allergy; Stinging insect venom allergy; Systemic allergic reaction