title: Tear Osmolarity and Tear Film Parameters in Patients With Ocular Rosacea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate tear osmolarity and tear film parameters in patients with ocular rosacea.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single center, 25 eyes of 25 patients with ocular rosacea (group 1), 25 eyes of 25 patients with rosacea without ocular involvement (group 2), and 20 eyes of 20 healthy individuals (group 3) were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), scoring of ocular surface fluorescein staining using modified Oxford scale, and tear osmolarity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tear osmolarity values, OSDI and Oxford scale scores were significantly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (P<0.001 for all). Schirmer I test and TBUT in group 1 were significantly lower than in groups 2 and 3 (P<0.001 for all). There were no significant differences in OSDI, Schirmer I test, TBUT, Oxford scores, or tear osmolarity between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.629, P=0.175, P=0.713, P=865, and P=0.388, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that ocular rosacea is associated with tear hyperosmolarity and tear film dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology (S.K.E., M.E., M.S.K., G.D., M.O., G.G., C.A.) and Dermatology (A.B.), Istanbul Medipol University, Medicine School, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaman Erdur
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliacik
authors.forename: Mehmet Selim
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kocabora
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balevi
authors.forename: Goktug
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozsutcu
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gulkilik
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012393:Rosacea / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism