title: Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Structure, Injuries and Regenerative Treatments.
abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most vulnerable ligaments of the knee. ACL impairment results in episodic instability, chondral and meniscal injury and early osteoarthritis. The poor self-healing capacity of ACL makes surgical treatment inevitable. Current ACL reconstructions include a substitution of torn ACL via biological grafts such as autograft, allograft. This review provides an insight of ACL structure, orientation and properties followed by comparing the performance of various constructs that have been used for ACL replacement. New approaches, undertaken to induce ACL regeneration and fabricate biomimetic scaffolds, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negahi Shirazi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chrzanowski
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khademhosseini
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. fariba.dehghani@sydney.edu.au.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. fariba.dehghani@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehghani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000637:transplantation*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Allograft; Anterior cruciate ligament; Autograft; Ligament prostheses; Tissue engineering