title: Bone regeneration by low-level laser therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy in the rabbit calvarium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), alone and in combination, in triggering new bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were given two calvarial defects by using a 6-mm trephine bur, then divided into four treatment groups: control, LLLT, LIPUS, and LLLT+LIPUS. The LLLT and LIPUS groups were treated three times a week for two weeks. The LLLT+LIPUS group received each treatment on the same day, 12h apart, three days a week for two weeks. The animals were sacrificed after three weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LLLT and LIPUS, alone and in combination, enhanced new bone formation in comparison to the untreated controls after three weeks (P<0.05); the combined therapy did not produce an additive effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the efficacy of LLLT or LIPUS in triggering bone regeneration. Therapeutic dose and duration requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ahmethuseyinacar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet Hüseyin
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ümit
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Yolcu
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altındiş
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gül
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sıddık
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malkoç
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Bone regeneration; Calvarial defect; Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound; Low-level laser therapy; Rabbit