title: Visually guided targeting enhances bilateral force variability in healthy older adults.
abstract: This study observed the effect of visual feedback on between-limb force variability relationships in young and older adults. Abduction force was examined in healthy young (n = 15, 25 ± 4 years) and older adults (n = 18, 71 ± 6 years) during simultaneous isometric contractions of both index fingers. Target forces ranged from 5% to 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), where force variability and first dorsal interosseus activity were measured while (1) subjects viewed visual targets for both index fingers, (2) a visual target was provided for the dominant index finger only, and (3) visual targets were removed for both index fingers during bilateral isometric contractions. When subjects were provided with bilateral visual feedback during simultaneous contractions at low forces (5% and 10% MVC), older adults produced greater force variability than younger subjects (p = 0.002). However, when bilateral visual feedback was removed, age-related differences in variability were no longer present. Between-limb force variability differences existed at higher force outputs (20% and 30% MVC) when visual feedback was removed for the nondominant limb during bilateral isometric index finger abduction (p = 0.002). The control of bilateral force variability is compromised in older adults when visuomotor processes are engaged. However, age-related differences in force variability are abolished when no task-related visual feedback is available, and isometric contractions are based on internally guided feedback.
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Leanne C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kenway
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bisset
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: j.kavanagh@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Justin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; Between-limb; Force variability; Internal model; Visual feedback