title: Efficacy of Several Pesticide Products on Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) Egg Sacs and Their Penetration Through the Egg Sac Silk.
abstract: Information on pesticide effects on spiders is less common than for insects; similar information for spider egg sacs is scarcer in the open literature. Spider egg sacs are typically covered with a protective silk layer. When pesticides are directly applied to egg sacs, the silk might prevent active ingredients from reaching the eggs, blocking their insecticidal effect. We investigated the impact of six water-based pesticide sprays and four oil-based aerosol products against egg sacs of brown widow spiders, Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch. All water-based spray products except one failed to provide significant mortality to egg sacs, resulting in successful spiderling emergence from treated egg sacs at a similar rate to untreated egg sacs. In contrast to water-based sprays, oil-based aerosols provided almost complete control, with 94-100% prevention of spiderling emergence. Penetration studies using colored pesticide products indicated that oil-based aerosols were significantly more effective in penetrating egg sac silk than were the water-based sprays, delivering the active ingredients on most (>99%) of the eggs inside the sac. The ability of pesticides to penetrate spider egg sac silk and deliver lethal doses of active ingredients to the eggs is discussed in relation to the chemical nature of egg sac silk proteins. Our study suggests that pest management procedures primarily relying on perimeter application of water-based sprays might not provide satisfactory control of brown widow spider eggs. Determination of the most effective active ingredients and carrier characteristics warrant further research to provide more effective control options for spider egg sacs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (rick.vetter@ucr.edu; jtara004@ucr.edu; kathcamp@ucr.edu; donghwan.choe@ucr.edu).
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (rick.vetter@ucr.edu; jtara004@ucr.edu; kathcamp@ucr.edu; donghwan.choe@ucr.edu).
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tarango
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (rick.vetter@ucr.edu; jtara004@ucr.edu; kathcamp@ucr.edu; donghwan.choe@ucr.edu).
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (rick.vetter@ucr.edu; jtara004@ucr.edu; kathcamp@ucr.edu; donghwan.choe@ucr.edu).
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (cheryl.hayashi@ucr.edu).
authors.forename: Cheryl Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (rick.vetter@ucr.edu; jtara004@ucr.edu; kathcamp@ucr.edu; donghwan.choe@ucr.edu) donghwan.choe@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: Dong-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013112:Spiders / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Arachnida; Latrodectus; brown widow spider; pesticide barrier; pesticide efficacy