title: Prevalence and Risk Factor of Cognitive Impairment were Different between Urban and Rural Population: A Community-Based Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  China is facing a continuously rising numbers of people with cognitive impairment (CI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of CI among elderly people living in rural and urban communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a face-to-face survey of CI on 7,900 individuals aged 50 years or older meeting inclusion criteria in the Malu (rural community, n = 4,429) and Wuliqiao (urban community, n = 3,471) communities of Shanghai. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function. Information on demographic features and potential risk factors for CI was collected during the interview. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the education modified MMSE score, we identified 329 CI cases in rural community and 227 in urban community. The prevalence of CI was 7.43% in rural population and 6.54% in urban population (p = 0.13). In the urban population, risk of having CI was associated with age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.08), lack of physical activities (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11-4.57), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.04-3.07), and having three or more children (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.27-4.50). In contrast, factors associated with rural populations included female gender (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.08-3.82), age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.08), exposure to pesticides (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 1.27-17.21), history of encephalitis or meningitis (OR = 6.02; 95% CI: 1.92-18.85) and head trauma (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.10-3.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urban rural and populations showed different risk factors for CI, suggesting that different preventive strategies in these areas should be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Miao-Miao
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Di
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Cognitive impairment; prevalence; risk factors; rural population; urban population