title: Evaluation of an Ultrafiltration-Based Procedure for Simultaneous Recovery of Diverse Microbes in Source Waters.
abstract: In this study, hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (UF) was assessed for recovery ofEscherichia coli,Clostridium perfringensspores,Cryptosporidium parvumoocysts, echovirus 1, and bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX174 from ground and surface waters. Microbes were seeded into twenty-two 50-L water samples that were collected from the Southeastern United States and concentrated to ∼500 mL by UF. Secondary concentration was performed forC. parvumby centrifugation followed by immunomagnetic separation. Secondary concentration for viruses was performed using centrifugal ultrafilters or polyethylene glycol precipitation. Nine water quality parameters were measured in each water sample to determine whether water quality data correlated with UF and secondary concentration recovery efficiencies. Average UF recovery efficiencies were 66%-95% for the six enteric microbes. Average recovery efficiencies for the secondary concentration methods were 35%-95% forC. parvumand the viruses. Overall, measured water quality parameters were not significantly associated with UF recovery efficiencies. However, recovery of ΦX174 was negatively correlated with turbidity. The recovery data demonstrate that UF can be an effective method for concentrating diverse microbes from ground and surface waters. This study highlights the utility of tangential-flow hollow fiber ultrafiltration for recovery of bacteria, viruses, and parasites from large volume environmental water samples.
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kahler
authors.affiliation: Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
authors.forename: Trisha B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
authors.forename: Donghyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Jothikumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derado
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Hill
keywords: Centricon Plus-70; groundwater; immunomagnetic separation (IMS); pathogen detection; polyethylene glycol; surface water; ultrafiltration