title: Oral manifestations in chronic uremia patients.
abstract: The incidence of chronic renal failure (CRF) is approximately 200 cases per million people in different Western countries. Recent data indicate that the incidences of these pathologies are increasing. Ninety percent of patients with CRF report oral signs and symptoms that affect both the bone and soft tissues. A broad range of lesions may be observed in chronic uratemia patients, including the following: gingival hyperplasia, enamel hypoplasia, petechiae, gingival bleeding, and others lesions. These patients require various types of treatment ranging from dietary and lifestyle changes to dialysis and kidney transplantation. CRF often leads to multiple oral manifestations that are difficult for dentists to manage. The present study examined the characteristics of this disease, the existing therapeutic options and the relevant considerations for dental professionals.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy .
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dioguardi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Nephrology , Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari , Bari , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Giorgia Apollonia
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Caloro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy .
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Troiano
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy .
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannatempo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy .
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laino
authors.affiliation: c Dental Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petruzzi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy .
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000503:physiopathology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Chronic renal disease; gingival hyperplasia; kidney transplantation; oral manifestations in hemodialysis