title: Differentiating patterns of prescription stimulant medical and nonmedical use among youth 10-18 years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the past 30-day prevalence of prescription stimulant use, report different forms of nonmedical use, and investigate different characteristics associated with Medical Users Only, Nonmedical Users Only, and youth who reported both medical and nonmedical use (MU+NMU youth).
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study recruited 11,048 youth aged 10-18 years from entertainment venues in 10 US cities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 6.8% youth used prescription stimulants in the past 30 days, with 3.0% reporting Medical Use Only (MU Only), 1.1% reporting Both Medical and Nonmedical Use (MU+NMU), and 2.5% reporting Nonmedical Use Only (NMU Only). Use of other's stimulants was the most frequently reported form of nonmedical use (88.4%), followed by using more than prescribed (38.9%), and using outside of the prescribed route (32.2%). Medical Users Only and MU+NMU youth did not differ from Non-Users in cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use. MU+NMU youth tended to have more conduct problem behaviors compared to Medical Users Only (p=0.0011) and Nonmedical Users Only (p=0.0132). Compared to MU+NMU youth, Nonmedical Users Only were more likely to have close friends who tried Adderall (p=0.0123), endorse binge drinking (p=0.0118) and illicit drug use (p<0.0015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research should investigate the sources of the nonmedically used prescription stimulants and how they were diverted. Intervention programs need to acknowledge the differences between MU+NMU youth and Nonmedical Users Only, and employ different strategies to prevent nonmedical use in these subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Yanning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States. Electronic address: lbcottler@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cottler
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, United States.
authors.forename: Catherine W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Striley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants
keywords: Adolescent; Nonmedical use; Prescription stimulants