title: Understanding the role of speech production in reading: Evidence for a print-to-speech neural network using graphical analysis.
abstract: The neural circuitry associated with language processing is complex and dynamic. Graphical models are useful for studying complex neural networks as this method provides information about unique connectivity between regions within the context of the entire network of interest. Here, the authors explored the neural networks during covert reading to determine the role of feedforward and feedback loops in covert speech production.
  
  
  
  Brain activity of skilled adult readers was assessed in real word and pseudoword reading tasks with functional MRI (fMRI).
  
  
  
  The authors provide evidence for activity coherence in the feedforward system (inferior frontal gyrus-supplementary motor area) during real word reading and in the feedback system (supramarginal gyrus-precentral gyrus) during pseudoword reading. Graphical models provided evidence of an extensive, highly connected, neural network when individuals read real words that relied on coordination of the feedforward system. In contrast, when individuals read pseudowords the authors found a limited/restricted network that relied on coordination of the feedback system.
  
  
  
  Together, these results underscore the importance of considering multiple pathways and articulatory loops during language tasks and provide evidence for a print-to-speech neural network. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cummine
authors.affiliation: Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Ivor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cribben
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Reyhaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahktiari
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Boliek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult