title: Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells on Transplantation: Immunotherapy Based on Second Signal Blockage.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs), the most important professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), play crucial role in both immunity and tolerance. It is well known that DCs are able to mount immune responses against foreign antigens and simultaneously tolerate self-antigens. Since DCs can be modulated depending on the surrounding microenvironment, they can act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. However, the mechanisms that support this dual role are not entirely clear. Recent studies have shown that DCs can be manipulated ex vivo in order to trigger their tolerogenic profile, what can be a tool to be used in clinical trials aiming the treatment of various diseases and the prevention of transplant rejection. In this sense, the blockage of costimulatory molecules on DC, in the attempt of inhibiting the second signal in the immunological synapse, can be considered as one of the main strategies under development. This review brings an update on current therapies using tolerogenic dendritic cells modulated with costimulatory blockers with the aim of reducing transplant rejection. However, although there are current clinical trials using tolerogenic DC to treat allograft rejection, the actual challenge is to modulate these cells in order to maintain a permanent tolerogenic profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana (FAM), 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil ; Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila de Matos
authors.initials: Pde M
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana (FAM), 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lisiery Negrini
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Paiatto
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cassia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galdino Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caique
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana (FAM), 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil ; Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Gustavo Romani
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wirla Maria da Silva Cunha
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana (FAM), 13477-360 Americana, SP, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Ucelli
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Simioni
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007167:Immunotherapy; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous