title: [DORSALIS PEDIS FLAP SERIES-PARALLEL BIG TOE NAIL COMPOSITE TISSUE FLAP TO REPAIR HAND SKIN OF DEGLOVING INJURY WITH THUMB DEFECT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of dorsalis pedis flap series-parallel big toe nail composite tissue flap in the repairment of hand skin of degloving injury with tumb defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2009 and June 2013, 8 cases of hand degloving injury with thumb defect caused by machine twisting were treated. There were 7 males and 1 female with the mean age of 36 years (range, 26-48 years). Injury located at the left hand in 3 cases and at the right hand in 5 cases. The time from injury to hospitalization was 1.5-4.0 hours (mean, 2.5 hours). The defect area was 8 cm x 6 cm to 15 cm x 1 cm. The thumb defect was rated as degree I in 5 cases and as degree II in 3 cases. The contralateral dorsal skin flap (9 cm x 7 cm to 10 cm x 8 cm) combined with ipsilateral big toe nail composite tissue flap (2.5 cm x 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm x 2.0 cm) was used, including 3 parallel anastomosis flaps and 5 series anastomosis flaps. The donor site of the dorsal flap was repaired with thick skin grafts, the stumps wound was covered with tongue flap at the shank side of big toe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular crisis occurred in 1 big toe nail composite tissue flap, margin necrosis occurred in 2 dorsalis pedis flap; the other flaps survived, and primary healing of wound was obtained. The grafted skin at dorsal donor site all survived, skin of hallux toe stump had no necrosis. Eight cases were followed up 4-20 months (mean, 15.5 months). All flaps had soft texture and satisfactory appearance; the cutaneous sensory recovery time was 4-7 months (mean, 5 months). At 4 months after operation, the two-point discrimination of the thumb pulp was 8-10 mm (mean, 9 mm), and the two-point discrimination of dorsal skin flap was 7-9 mm (mean, 8.5 mm). According to Society of Hand Surgery standard for the evaluation of upper part of the function, the results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case. The donor foot had normal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dorsalis pedis flap series-parallel big toe nail composite tissue flap is an ideal way to repair hand skin defect, and reconstructs the thumb, which has many advantages, including simple surgical procedure, no limitation to recipient site, soft texture, satisfactory appearance and function of reconstructing thumb, and small donor foot loss.
authors.forename: Pengju
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shaoping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Tieshan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000672:Amputation Stumps; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006214:Hallux; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012677:Sensation; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation*; D013710:Tendons; D013933:Thumb / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult