title: Analysis of Translesion DNA Synthesis by the Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase γ.
abstract: Mitochondrial DNA is replicated by the nuclear-encoded DNA polymerase γ (pol γ) which is composed of a single 140 kDa catalytic subunit and a dimeric 55 kDa accessory subunit. Mitochondrial DNA is vulnerable to various forms of damage, including several types of oxidative lesions, UV-induced photoproducts, chemical adducts from environmental sources, as well as alkylation and inter-strand cross-links from chemotherapy agents. Although many of these lesions block DNA replication, pol γ can bypass some lesions by nucleotide incorporation opposite a template lesion and further extension of the DNA primer past the lesion. This process of translesion synthesis (TLS) by pol γ can occur in either an error-free or an error-prone manner. Assessment of TLS requires extensive analysis of oligonucleotide substrates and replication products by denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels. This chapter presents protocols for the analysis of translesion DNA synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, Building 101, Rm E316, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA. copelan1@niehs.nih.gov.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.affiliation: Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, Building 101, Rm E316, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasiviswanathan
authors.affiliation: Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, Building 101, Rm E316, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Longley
mesh_terms: D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D000074002:DNA Polymerase gamma; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D000074002:DNA Polymerase gamma; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
keywords: DNA polymerase γ; DNA repair; DNA replication; Enzyme assays; Mitochondrial DNA polymerase; POLG; Translesion synthesis