title: Apical Extrusion of Debris Produced during Continuous Rotating and Reciprocating Motion.
abstract: This study aimed to analyse and compare apical extrusion of debris in canals instrumented with systems used in reciprocating and continuous motion. Sixty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): the Reciproc (REC), WaveOne (WO), and HyFlex CM (HYF) groups. One Eppendorf tube per tooth was weighed in advance on an analytical balance. The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer's instructions, and standardised irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was performed to a total volume of 9 mL. After instrumentation, the teeth were removed from the Eppendorf tubes and incubated at 37°C for 15 days to evaporate the liquid. The tubes were weighed again, and the difference between the initial and final weight was calculated to determine the weight of the debris. The data were statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 5%). All systems resulted in the apical extrusion of debris. Reciproc produced significantly more debris than WaveOne (p < 0.05), and both systems produced a greater apical extrusion of debris than HyFlex CM (p < 0.001). Cross section and motion influenced the results, despite tip standardization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nevares
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.affiliation: Odontologia, Unidade de Ciências Biológicas, UFCG, 58429-900 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gominho
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcely
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassimiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kaline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Romeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pamella
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alvares
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sobral
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marleny
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerbi
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Avenida Gal Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Tabatinga, 54753-901 Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012399:Rotation; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite