title: The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Ability of Helminths to Modulate Allergic Inflammation.
abstract: Intestinal helminths are potent regulators of their host's immune system and can ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. In the present study we have assessed whether this anti-inflammatory activity was purely intrinsic to helminths, or whether it also involved crosstalk with the local microbiota. We report that chronic infection with the murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) altered the intestinal habitat, allowing increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Transfer of the Hpb-modified microbiota alone was sufficient to mediate protection against allergic asthma. The helminth-induced anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and regulatory T cell suppressor activity that mediated the protection required the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)-41. A similar alteration in the metabolic potential of intestinal bacterial communities was observed with diverse parasitic and host species, suggesting that this represents an evolutionary conserved mechanism of host-microbe-helminth interactions.
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mario M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zaiss
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rapin
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lebon
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lalit Kumar
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarter
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piersigilli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menin
authors.affiliation: Pathogen Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rougemont
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Oonagh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paerewijck
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geldhof
authors.affiliation: Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), University Hospital of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kathleen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.affiliation: Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), University Hospital of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croese
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Giacomin
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Junt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marsland
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. Electronic address: nicola.harris@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: Nicola L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D006376:Helminths / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D009351:Nematospiroides dubius / Q000276:immunology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000276:immunology; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005227:Fatty Acids; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled