title: Injection of new psychoactive substance snow blow associated with recently acquired HIV infections among homeless people who inject drugs in Dublin, Ireland, 2015.
abstract: In February 2015, an outbreak of recently acquired HIV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) was identified in Dublin, following similar outbreaks in Greece and Romania in 2011. We compared drug and risk behaviours among 15 HIV cases and 39 controls. Injecting a synthetic cathinone, snow blow, was associated with recent HIV infection (AOR: 49; p=0.003). Prevention and control efforts are underway among PWID in Dublin, but may also be needed elsewhere in Europe.
authors.affiliation: European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: Derval
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Igoe
authors.forename: Zorina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Orla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Eamon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: Cillian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Gascun
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D055030:Drug Users / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015198:Designer Drugs; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C542924:alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone
keywords: People who Inject drugs; case-control study; human immunodeficiency virus - HIV; new psychoactive substance; α-PVP