title: Suicidal ideation reported by adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes: results from Diabetes MILES-Australia.
abstract: To examine the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) in a community-based sample of adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Participants were 3338 adults aged 18-70 years with Type 1 diabetes (n = 1376) or Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin: n = 1238; insulin: n = 724) from a national survey administered to a random sample registered with the National Diabetes Services Scheme. Depression and SI were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and diabetes-specific distress with the Problem Areas In Diabetes scale. Separate logistic regression analyses by diabetes type/treatment were used to determine relative contribution to SI.
  
  
  
  Overall, we observed a SI rate of 14% in our sample. Participants with Type 2 diabetes using insulin reported more frequent depressive symptoms, and were more likely to report recent SI (19%) compared with those with either Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes not using insulin (14 and 12%, respectively). After controlling for depression, there was little difference in the prevalence of SI between diabetes types/treatments, but higher diabetes-specific distress significantly increased the odds of SI.
  
  
  
  As SI is a significant risk factor for a suicide attempt, the findings have implications for healthcare professionals, pointing to the importance of adequate screening and action plans for appropriate follow-up of those reporting depression. Our findings are also indicative of the psychological toll of diabetes more generally, and the need to integrate physical and mental healthcare for people with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW. tonelle.handley@newcastle.edu.au.|National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW. tonelle.handley@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Handley
authors.affiliation: The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria.|Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria.|Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW.|Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouwer
authors.affiliation: The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria.|Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria.|AHP Research, Hornchurch, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1204-6896
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Speight
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult