title: [Exploration of breast inflammation excluding pregnancy and breastfeeding: Guidelines].
abstract: Breast inflammation, excluding breast-feeding and pregnancy, is a rare breast pathology. We conducted a PubMed database search of all studies focusing on mastitis or breast inflammation exploration. While the most frequent aetiologies are infectious and inflammatory, inflammatory breast cancer can be diagnosed (LE2). Aetiologic diagnostic is difficult due to the absence of any clinical and imaging specific signs (LE3). The presence of mass, suspect lymph nodes or skin thickening in a woman older than 40 years old should orient toward inflammatory breast cancer (LE3). A suspect lesion must lead to perform a biopsy under sonography (grade A). In the absence of evidence for a malignant pathology after initial evaluation, we recommend starting an antibiotic treatment (grade C) with a clinical follow-up at the end of the treatment (grade B). If the symptoms persist, we recommend a new imaging (± MRI) (grade C) and a biopsy (grade C). Benign inflammatory pathologies may require a biopsy to exclude an inflammatory breast cancer and precise the diagnosis. Their specific management and treatment are presented in detail in the following chapters and may involve steroids.
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC - Paris XII, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France; UMR Inserm U965, angiogenèse et recherche translationnelle, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: cyril.touboul@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Touboul
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laas
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafii
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058922:Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008413:Mastitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
keywords: Cancer du sein inflammatoire; Inflammation du sein; Inflammation of the breast; Inflammatory breast; Inflammatory breast cancer; Mastite; Mastitis; Sein inflammatoire