title: Acute Pain Medicine in the United States:  A Status Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consensus indicates that a comprehensive,multimodal, holistic approach is foundational to the practice of acute pain medicine (APM),but lack of uniform, evidence-based clinical pathways leads to undesirable variability throughout U. S. healthcare systems. Acute pain studies are inconsistently synthesized to guide educational programs. Advanced practice techniques involving regional anesthesia assume the presence of a physician-led, multidisciplinary acute pain service,which is often unavailable or inconsistently applied.This heterogeneity of educational and organizational standards may result in unnecessary patient pain and escalation of healthcare costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary panel was nominated through the APM Shared Interest Group of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. The panel met in Chicago, IL, in July 2014, to identify gaps and set priorities in APM research and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The panel identified three areas of critical need: 1) an open-source acute pain data registry and clinical support tool to inform clinical decision making and resource allocation and to enhance research efforts; 2) a strong professional APM identity as an accredited subspecialty; and 3) educational goals targeted toward third-party payers,hospital administrators, and other key stake holders to convey the importance of APM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report is the first step in a 3-year initiative aimed at creating conditions and incentives for the optimal provision of APM services to facilitate and enhance the quality of patient recovery after surgery, illness, or trauma. The ultimate goal is to reduce the conversion of acute pain to the debilitating disease of chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tighe
authors.forename: Chester C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Buckenmaier
authors.forename: Andre P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Boezaart
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Herring
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: Rosemary C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Polomano
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Reisfield
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D059408:Pain Management; D014481:United States
keywords: Acute pain; Anesthesiology; Delivery of healthcare; Education; Medical informatios; Research