title: Developmental assessment of VLBW infants at 18 months of age: A comparison study between KSPD and Bayley III.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the developmental characteristics of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) and to compare with those using the Bayley Scales, third edition (Bayley III).
  
  
  METHODS
  KSPD and Bayley III were performed on 124 Japanese VLBW infants at 18months of corrected age at a 2-week interval by trained psychologists. The relationships between KSPD and Bayley III in corresponding pairs: Cognitive-Adaptive (C-A) developmental quotient (DQ) and cognitive composite (Cog) scores, Language-Social (L-S) DQ and language composite (Lang) scores, and Postural-Motor (P-M) DQ and motor composite (Mot) scores were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The means [SD] of C-A DQ, L-S DQ, P-M DQ, and overall DQ of KSPD were 94 [15], 90 [17], 89 [15], and 93 [14], respectively. The means [SD] of the Cog, Lang, and Mot scores of Bayley III were 96 [13], 84 [12], and 91 [12], respectively. The DQ of KSPD strongly correlated with the corresponding composite score of Bayley III; Spearman rank correlations between the Cog score and C-A DQ, the Lang score and L-S DQ, and the Mot score and P-M DQ were 0.65, 0.71 and 0.55, respectively. The selected cut-off of the Cog score of <85 accurately identified development delay, defined by KSPD, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although absolute value of the Bayley III score may not represent the degree of impairment, the developmental characteristics on KSPD well correlated with those on Bayley III. The developmental outcomes of Japanese VLBW infants were verified by the two tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address: ykono@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yonemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Osuke
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Cognitive development; Developmental quotient; Language development; Preterm; Very low-birth-weight