title: Phosphorus ingestion improves oral glucose tolerance of healthy male subjects: a crossover experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fasting serum phosphorus (P) was reported to be inversely related to serum glucose and insulin, while the impact of P ingestion is not well documented. The effect of P intake with or before glucose ingestion on postprandial glucose and insulin statuses was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross over experiments using healthy male subjects were conducted. Experiment 1: Overnight fasted subjects (n = 7) randomly received: 500 mg of P tablets, glucose (75 g) solution with placebo or 500 mg of P tablets. Experiment 2: Overnight fasted subjects (n = 8) underwent similar procedures to those of experiment 1, except that placebo or 500 mg P tablets were given 60 min prior to glucose ingestion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both experiments, serum P decreased following glucose ingestion. Co-ingestion of P with glucose improved, at time 60 min, postprandial glucose (P < 0.05), insulin (P < 0.05), and insulin sensitivity index (p < 0.006), while P pre-ingestion failed to exert similar effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that postprandial glucose and insulin are affected by exogenous P supply, especially when co-ingested with glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. mk125@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khattab
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. caa20@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abi-Rashed
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. hg15@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghattas
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. sh95@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Sani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hlais
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. oo01@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Obeid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010758:Phosphorus; D005947:Glucose