title: Endostatin and endorepellin: A common route of action for similar angiostatic cancer avengers.
abstract: Traditional cancer therapy typically targets the tumor proper. However, newly-formed vasculature exerts a major role in cancer development and progression. Autophagy, as a biological mechanism for clearing damaged proteins and oxidative stress products released in the tumor milieu, could help in tumor resolution by rescuing cells undergoing modifications or inducing autophagic-cell death of tumor blood vessels. Cleaved fragments of extracellular matrix proteoglycans are emerging as key players in the modulation of angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. An essential characteristic of cancer progression is the remodeling of the basement membrane and the release of processed forms of its constituents. Endostatin, generated from collagen XVIII, and endorepellin, the C-terminal segment of the large proteoglycan perlecan, possess a dual activity as modifiers of both angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. Manipulation of these endogenously-processed forms, located in the basement membrane within tumors, could represent new therapeutic approaches for cancer eradication.
authors.affiliation: Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poluzzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Renato V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Iozzo
authors.affiliation: Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: Schaefer@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043169:Endostatins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043169:Endostatins; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C071927:perlecan
keywords: Angiogenesis; Autophagy; Collagen type XVIII; Perlecan; Proteoglycan