title: Prediction of acute toxicity of cadmium and lead to zebrafish larvae by using a refined toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model.
abstract: The biotic ligand model (BLM) and the toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model are essential in predicting the acute toxicity of metals in various species and exposure conditions; however, these models are usually separately utilized. In this study, a mechanistic TK-TD model was developed to predict the acute toxicity of 10(-6)M Cd and 10(-6)M Pb to zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. The novel approach links the BLM with relevant TK processes to simulate the bioaccumulation processes of Cd or Pb as a function of the maximum uptake rate of each metal, the affinity constants, and the concentrations of free metal ions and H(+) in test solutions. Results showed that the refined TK-TD model can accurately predict the accumulation and acute toxicity of Cd and Pb to zebrafish larvae at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.0.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yongfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: fengjf@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: zhulin@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D007854:Lead / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D008024:Ligands; D008954:Models, Biological; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead
keywords: Acute toxicity; Bioaccumulation; Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model; Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae