title: Effects of acute postexercise chocolate milk consumption during intensive judo training on the recovery of salivary hormones, salivary SIgA, mood state, muscle soreness, and judo-related performance.
abstract: This study examined the effects of postexercise chocolate milk (CM) or water (W) consumption during 5 days of intensive judo training with concomitant weight loss on salivary cortisol and testosterone, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and judo-related performance. Twelve trained male judo athletes engaged in 5 days of intensive judo training followed by a simulated judo competition, on 2 separate training weeks 14 days apart. The athletes consumed 1000 mL of W (week 1) or CM (week 2) immediately post-training. During both weeks, athletes were instructed to "make weight" for the upcoming competition. Performance in timed push-ups and the Special Judo Fitness Test improved by 14.6% and 6.8%, respectively, at the end of the training week with CM consumption (both p < 0.001). Decreased salivary cortisol (p < 0.01) and a trend for an increased salivary testosterone/cortisol ratio (p = 0.07) were also observed midweek in the CM condition. Saliva flow rate was higher during the week with CM intake compared with W intake (p < 0.001). DOMS (p < 0.001) and mood disturbance (p < 0.0001) increased after the first day of training in the W condition but not in the CM condition. Salivary testosterone and SIgA responses were similar between treatments (p > 0.05). Body mass decreased by 1.9% in the W condition and by 1.1% in the CM condition, with no significant difference between treatments. This study indicates that postexercise CM consumption during short-term intensive judo training enhances aspects of recovery without affecting intentional weight loss.
authors.affiliation: a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papacosta
authors.affiliation: b National Sports Medicine Programme-Excellence in Football Project, Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Hospital, Aspetar, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Nassis
authors.affiliation: a School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gleeson
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D000818:Animals; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001628:Beverages; D002099:Cacao; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts; D008892:Milk; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063806:Myalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human; D010809:Physical Fitness; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Special Judo Fitness Test; atteinte de la masse corporelle cible; boisson de sucre-protéine; carbohydrate–protein beverage; cortisol salivaire; immunité muqueuse; making weight; mucosal immunity; salivary cortisol; salivary testosterone; test de condition physique pour le judo; testostérone salivaire