title: Co-occurrence of communication disorder and psychiatric disorders in maltreated children and adolescents: relationship with global functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders (PD) and communication disorders (CD) and their relationship with global functioning in maltreated children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 143 maltreated children and adolescents (55.8% male). All underwent clinical communication and psychiatric evaluations, as well as global functioning assessment using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four groups emerged from evaluation: Group 1 (n=7, 4.9%) did not exhibit any disorders; Group 2 (n=26, 18.2%) exhibited PD; Group 3 (n=34, 23.8%) exhibited CD; and Group 4 (n=76, 53.1%) exhibited both PD and CD on evaluation. Significant differences in global functioning scores were found between G1 and G2, G1 and G4, G2 and G4, and G3 and G4, with the highest C-GAS scores found in G1 and the lowest in G4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of PD and CD are high in this maltreated population. The presence of PD has a major impact on C-GAS score, and the simultaneous presence of CD increases the already impaired function of PD. Demonstration of the additive effects of PD and CD on youth functioning suggests that professionals should be alert to the presence of both disorders to better act preventively and therapeutically in a high-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stivanin
authors.affiliation: Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christian C de
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda P Dos
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bernardo Dos
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scivoletto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D000067404:Social Communication Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors