title: Impacts of urbanization on the distribution of heavy metals in soils along the Huangpu River, the drinking water source for Shanghai.
abstract: We investigated the horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Ni, and Cr) in soils in the water source protection zone for Shanghai to study the origins of these metals, their connections with urbanization, and their potential risk posed on the ecosystem. Determination of metal concentrations in 50 topsoil samples and nine soil profiles indicated that Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu were present in significantly higher concentrations in topsoil than in deep soil layers. The spatial distributions of Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu and contamination hotspots for these metals in the study area were similar to those near heavy industries and urban built-up areas. Emissions from automobiles resulted in increased soil concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn along roadsides, while high concentrations of Hg in the soil resulted from recent atmospheric deposition. Calculation of the potential ecological risk indicated that the integrative risk of these heavy metals in most areas was low, but a few sites surrounding high density of factories showed moderate risks.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.|Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China. cpeng@live.com.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-184X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Juha M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alatalo
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Heavy metals; Land use; Potential ecological risk; Risk assessment; Soil profile; Spatial analysis; Suburban area; Vertical distribution