title: Enantioselective toxicities of chiral ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium tartrate on Scenedesmus obliquus.
abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are being used in various industries during the last few decades, while the good solubility and high stability of ILs may pose a potential threat to the aquatic environment. Effect of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium tartrate (RMIM T) on Scenedesmus obliquus (S.obliquus) was studied. The growth rate inhibition and cell membrane permeability increased with increasing RMIM T concentration and increasing alkyl chain lengths. The IC50 values of D-(-)-tartrate 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium (D-(-)-HMIM T) were 28.30, 12.23,10.15 and 14.41 mg/L, respectively, at 24, 48, 72 and 96h. While that of L-(+)-tartrate 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium (L-(+)-HMIM T) were 15.97, 7.91, 9.43 and 12.04 mg/L respectively. The concentration of chl a, chl b and chl (a+b) decreased with increasing RMIM T concentration. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, Y(II), ETR and NPQ) were affected by RMIM T, indicating that the RMIM T will damage the PSII, inhibit the transmission of excitation energy, decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis. The results showed that there were enantioselective toxicity of RMIM T to algae, and the toxicity of L-(+)-RMIM T was greater than that of D-(-)-RMIM T, but the enantioselective difference becomes smaller with increasing exposure time, and with the increasing carbon chain length of cation, indicating that cation properties may have a larger effect on toxicity than anion properties.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China. Electronic address: lhj@mail.zjgsu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Caidong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Shimin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
authors.forename: Xiangjuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000633:toxicity*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Cell membrane permeability; Chiral ionic liquids; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Enantioselective; IC(50); Scenedesmus obliquus