title: Exercise Improves Mood State in Normobaric Hypoxia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to quantify the efficacy of using exercise to alleviate the impairments in mood state associated with hypoxic exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen young, healthy men completed Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics-4(th) Edition (ANAM4) versions of the mood state test before hypoxia exposure, after 60 min of hypoxia exposure (12.5% O(2)), and during and after two intensities of cycling exercise (40% and 60% adjusted Vo(2max)) under the same hypoxic conditions. Peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo(2)) were continuously monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At rest in hypoxia, Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) was significantly increased compared to baseline in both the 40% and 60% groups. TMD was significantly decreased during exercise compared to rest in hypoxia. TMD was also significantly decreased during recovery compared to rest in hypoxia. Spo(2) significantly decreased at 60 min rest in hypoxia, during exercise, and recovery compared to baseline. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was also reduced at 60 min rest in hypoxia, during exercise, and recovery compared to baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrated that exercise at 40% and 60% of adjusted Vo(2max) attenuated the adverse effects of hypoxia on mood. These findings may have significant applied value, as negative mood states are known to impair performance in hypoxia. Further studies are needed to replicate the current finding and to clarify the possible mechanisms associated with the potential benefits of exercise on mood state in normobaric hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Yongsuk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennell
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Brandon S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunstad
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glickman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult