title: Characterization and quantification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Can detection algorithms replace clinical expert opinion?
abstract: Freezing of gait is a paroxysmal phenomenon that is frequently reported by the parkinsonian patients or their entourage. The phenomenon significantly alters quality of life but is often difficult to characterize in the physician's office. In the present review, we focus on the clinical characterization and quantification of freezing of gait. Various biomechanical methods (based mainly on time-frequency analysis) can be used to determine time-domain characteristics of freezing of gait. Methods already used to study non-gait freezing of other effectors (the lower limbs, upper limbs and orofacial area) are also being developed for the analysis of freezing in functional magnetic resonance imaging protocols. Here, we review the reliability of these methods and compare them with reliability of information obtained from physical examination and detailed analysis of the patient's medical history.
authors.affiliation: U1171, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France. Electronic address: arnaud.delval@chru-lille.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delval
authors.affiliation: U1171, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tard
authors.affiliation: U1171, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rambour
authors.affiliation: U1171, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Defebvre
authors.affiliation: U1171, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreau
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001931:Brain Mapping; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D010808:Physical Examination; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Freezing de la marche; Freezing of gait; Maladie de Parkinson; Parkinson's disease; Quantification