title: Vitamin D, leptin and impact on immune response to seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older persons.
abstract: Influenza-related complications are highest in the elderly. Vaccine efficacy is lower due to immunosenescence. Vitamin D's immunomodulatory role was studied in the context of vaccine response.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the effect of baseline 25-(OH) D on vaccine-induced immunological response in a cohort of 159 healthy subjects ages 50-74 in Rochester, MN, who received one dose of seasonal trivalent 2010-2011 influenza vaccine, containing A/California/H1N1- like virus. We examined correlations between 25-(OH) D, leptin, and leptin-related gene SNPs to understand the role of leptin and vitamin D's effects.
  
  
  
  The median (IQR) baseline for total 25-(OH) D was 44.4 ng/mL (36.6-52.2 ng/mL). No correlation was observed with age. No correlation between 25-(OH) D levels and humoral immune outcomes existed at any timepoint. There was a weak positive correlation between 25-(OH) D levels and change (Day 75-Day 0) in influenza-specific granzyme-B response (r=0.16, p=0.04). We found significant associations between 3 SNPs in the PPARG gene and 25-(OH) D levels (rs1151996, p=0.01; rs1175540, p= 0.02; rs1175544, p=0.03).
  
  
  
  Several SNPs in the PPARG gene were significantly associated with baseline 25-(OH) D levels. Understanding the functional and mechanistic relationships between vitamin D and influenza vaccine-induced immunity could assist in directing new influenza vaccine design.
authors.affiliation: a Mayo Vaccine Research Group , Rochester , MN , USA.|c Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Sapna P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sadarangani
authors.affiliation: a Mayo Vaccine Research Group , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Inna G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ovsyannikova
authors.affiliation: b Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goergen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.affiliation: a Mayo Vaccine Research Group , Rochester , MN , USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poland
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: H1N1 subtype; influenza A virus; influenza vaccines; leptin; receptors; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency