title: Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 2. Biomarkers of exposure.
abstract: A randomized, multi-center study of adult cigarette smokers switched to tobacco-heating cigarettes, snus or ultra-low machine yield tobacco-burning cigarettes (50/group) was conducted, and subjects' experience with the products was followed for 24 weeks. Differences in biomarkers of tobacco exposure between smokers and never smokers at baseline and among groups relative to each other and over time were assessed. Results indicated reduced exposure to many potentially harmful constituents found in cigarette smoke following product switching. Findings support differences in exposure from the use of various tobacco products and are relevant to the understanding of a risk continuum among tobacco products (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02061917).
authors.affiliation: a RAI Services Company , Winston-Salem, NC , USA and.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.affiliation: a RAI Services Company , Winston-Salem, NC , USA and.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.affiliation: b R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company , Winston-Salem, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Bobbette A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: b R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company , Winston-Salem, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Walter T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: b R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company , Winston-Salem, NC , USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stiles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013997:Time Factors; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D015415:Biomarkers; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Mouth level exposure; multi-center randomized study; risk continuum; tobacco and tobacco smoke constituents; yield-in-use