title: Are Nutrient Stresses Associated with Enantioselectivity of the Chiral Herbicide Imazethapyr in Arabidopsis thaliana?
abstract: Plant growth can be inhibited by herbicides and is strongly limited by the availability of nutrients, which can influence human health through the food chain. Until now, however, cross talk between the enantioselectivity of herbicides and nutrient stresses has been poorly understood. We analyzed trace element and macroelement contents in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana treated by the chiral herbicide imazethapyr (IM) and observed that multiple-nutrient stress (trace elements Mn, Cu, and Fe and macroelements P, K, Ca, and Mg) was enantioselective. The (R)-IM treatments resulted in Mn 23.37%, Cu 63.53%, P 30.61%, K 63.70%, Ca 34.32%, and Mg 36.14% decreases compared with the control. Interestingly, it was also found that herbicidally active (R)-IM induced notable aggregation of nutrient elements in leaves and roots compared with the control and (S)-IM. Through gene expression analyses, it was found that herbicidally active (R)-IM induced the up- or down-regulation of genes involved in the transport of nutrient elements. We propose that (R)-IM affected the uptake and translocation of nutrient elements in A. thaliana, which destroyed the balance of nutrient elements in the plant. This finding reminds us to reconsider the effect of nutrient stresses in risk assessment of herbicides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zunwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yuqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jiguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yuezhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University , Hangzhou 310015, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D014131:Trace Elements; C093630:imazethapyr
keywords: chiral herbicide; enantioselectivity; food quality; nutrient; stresses