title: Accelerated Adoption of Smoke-Free Laws After Ratification of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the effect of ratifying the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on countries enacting smoke-free laws covering indoor workplaces, restaurants, and bars.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared adoption of smoke-free indoor workplace, restaurant, and bar laws in countries that did versus did not ratify the FCTC, accounting for years since the ratification of the FCTC and for countries' World Bank income group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ratification of the FCTC significantly (P < .001) increased the probability of smoke-free laws. This effect faded with time, with a half-life of 3.1 years for indoor workplaces and 3.8 years for restaurants and bars. Compared with high-income countries, upper-middle-income countries had a significantly higher probability of smoke-free indoor workplace laws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FCTC accelerated the adoption of smoke-free indoor workplace, restaurant, and bar laws, with the greatest effect in the years immediately following ratification. The policy implication is that health advocates must increase efforts to secure implementation of FCTC smoke-free provisions in countries that have not done so.
authors.affiliation: Randy Uang and Stanton A. Glantz are with the University of California San Francisco Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, San Francisco, CA. Heikki Hiilamo is with the Faculty of Social Sciences at Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uang
authors.affiliation: Randy Uang and Stanton A. Glantz are with the University of California San Francisco Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, San Francisco, CA. Heikki Hiilamo is with the Faculty of Social Sciences at Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiilamo
authors.affiliation: Randy Uang and Stanton A. Glantz are with the University of California San Francisco Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, San Francisco, CA. Heikki Hiilamo is with the Faculty of Social Sciences at Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Stanton A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Glantz
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000191:economics; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D014943:Global Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017132:Workplace / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution