title: Reference intervals of plasma homoarginine from the German Gutenberg Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low circulating homoarginine has been associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcome and mortality in patients at risk and in the general population. The present study aimed to define plasma homoarginine reference intervals from a representative population sample to improve risk stratification between healthy individuals and individuals at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined age- and sex-specific reference intervals for circulating plasma homoarginine in a subgroup of 786 healthy participants (no CV disease or risk factors) of the Gutenberg Health Study. Homoarginine concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median EDTA plasma homoarginine concentration was 1.88 [25th; 75th percentile, 1.47; 2.41] μmol/L, with lower concentrations in women (1.77 [1.38; 2.26] μmol/L) than in men (2.01 [1.61; 2.56] μmol/L; p<0.001). Sex-specific 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of reference intervals were 0.84 and 3.89 μmol/L in women and 0.98 and 4.10 μmol/L in men, respectively. Homoarginine concentrations also depended on age and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to the L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide plasma homoarginine reference intervals in men and women of the general population. The determination of homoarginine levels might be favorable for individual risk stratification.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atzler
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cordts
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ojeda
authors.forename: Philipp S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Münzel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blankenberg
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Böger
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blettner
authors.forename: Manfred E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Beutel
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: Edzard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwedhelm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006709:Homoarginine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006709:Homoarginine