title: Penile prosthesis surgery in the management of erectile dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reviewed retrospectively the use of penile prostheses, including the indications and complications of penile prosthesis surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified publications and the reported advances in penile prosthesis surgery between 1987 and 2012 in Pub-Med, and published information from American Medical Systems, Inc. (Minnetonka, MN, USA) and Coloplast Corporation (Humlebaek, Denmark), using the keywords 'penile prosthesis', 'erectile dysfunction', 'mechanical reliability', 'complications' and 'infection'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the novel indications for the use of penile prostheses, the significant advances in implant designs with improved mechanical reliability, the changing landscape of device infection, and the current management of complications. Sixty-eight publications with a grade A, B and C level of evidence are cited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical indications to implant a penile prosthesis have expanded beyond organic erectile dysfunction. With the many different devices currently available, the choice of which device to implant can be tailored based on an individual's unique medical conditions, manual dexterity and expectations, and surgeon preference. There must be a conscious effort to prevent device infection, in the light of the development of increasingly virulent organisms. Penile prosthesis surgery is an integral part of the treatment of erectile dysfunction when non-surgical options fail or are contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Urology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA ; VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghi-Nejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fam
keywords: AMS, American Medical Systems; Corporal crossover; ED, Erectile dysfunction; EDITS, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction; Erosion; Glans bowing; ICI, Intracavernous injection; IIEF, International Index of Erectile Function; PD, Peyronie’s disease; PVP, Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Perforation; RP, Radical prostatectomy; Reservoir complications