title: Vitamin D, phosphate, and vasculotoxicity.
abstract: Vascular calcification is a complex process that results in the ectopic deposition of calcium-phosphate hydroxyapatite. Medial and intimal vascular calcification is frequently present in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and markedly increases the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Increased serum levels of calcium and phosphate, along with the use of active vitamin D metabolites, are commonly implicated in the evolvement of vascular wall mineralization in CKD patients. Because CKD patients have lower serum levels of vitamin D, they are routinely prescribed vitamin D supplements that exert a dualistic role that is both healthful and harmful in these patients, perhaps protecting bone health, but at the expense of promoting vascular pathology. This review briefly explains how reducing the phosphate burden in CKD patients could minimize vitamin-D-associated vascular wall calcification.
authors.affiliation: a College of Human Ecology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: b Division of Research & Development, VPS Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
authors.forename: Afrozul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: b Division of Research & Development, VPS Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.affiliation: b Division of Research & Development, VPS Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE.|c Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Razzaque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010710:Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium
keywords: blood vessels; calcification; phosphate; vaisseaux sanguins