title: Cutaneous Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to Surfactants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated and prolonged use of surfactants can cause irritant as well as allergic contact dermatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the frequency of positive patch test results to surfactants tested on the North American Contact Dermatitis Group screening series including cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), amidoamine (AA), dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA), oleamidopropyl dimethylamine (OPD), and cocamide diethanolamide (CDEA), and correlations of positive reactions between CAPB and the other surfactants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of 10 877 patients patch tested between 2009 and 2014 to the surfactants CAPB, AA, DMAPA, OPD, and CDEA. Frequencies of positive reactions to these surfactants were calculated, and trends of reactivity between the surfactants analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OPD had the highest rate of positive patch reactions (2.3%) followed by DMAPA (1.7%), and CAPB (1.4%). The AA and CDEA had the lowest rate of positive reactions (0.8%). There was a high degree of overlap in positive patch tests between the surfactants. The CDEA was the least likely to coreact with another surfactant.
authors.affiliation: From the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Cristin N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.forename: Donald V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Belsito
authors.forename: Joel G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: DeKoven
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Deleo
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fransway
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: C G Toby
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasseville
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Warshaw
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zirwas
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Zug
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorenz
mesh_terms: D001622:Betaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000276:immunology*; D003959:Diamines; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D010328:Patch Tests; D011437:Propylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003959:Diamines; D004983:Ethanolamines; D011437:Propylamines; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C044477:N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)oleamide; D001622:Betaine; C077055:cocamidopropyl betaine; C012928:3-dimethylaminopropylamine