title: Reply to Fiscella: The phases of biomedical research should be studied to optimize health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-8372
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 acasade1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casadevall
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004526:Efficiency; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*