title: Bilateral double level tibial lengthening in dwarfism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Outcome assessment after double level tibial lengthening in patients with dwarfism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with dwarfism were analyzed after bilateral simultaneous double level tibial lengthening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average age was 15.1 years. Average lengthening was 13.5 cm. The two levels were lengthened by an average of 7.5 cm proximally and 6.0 cm distally. Concomitant deformities were also addressed during lengthening. External fixation treatment time averaged 8.8 months. Healing index averaged 0.7 months/cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral tibial lengthening for dwarfism is difficult, but the results are usually quite gratifying.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burghardt
authors.affiliation: SKY Orthopedic Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: SKY Orthopedic Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: SKY Orthopedic Clinic, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhave
authors.affiliation: Paley Advanced Limb Lengthening Institute, St. Mary's Hospital, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paley
authors.affiliation: International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Herzenberg
keywords: Achondroplasia; Bone lengthening; Dwarfism; External fixator; Tibia