title: Evaluating Drug Cost per Response with SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which include canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin, represent a new class of antihyperglycemic agents. Few studies have assessed their cost per response, with "cost per response" being the total cost of a select drug, divided by the resulting change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the drug cost of SGLT2 inhibitors per a reduction in placebo-adjusted 1% HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received treatment during 26 weeks with canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The drug cost per response for each of the 3 agents individually was assessed based on data from a subset of clinical trials discussed in the prescribing information for each drug that were all placebo-controlled studies evaluating each drug as monotherapy, dual therapy (combined with metformin), and triple therapy (combined with metformin and a sulfonylurea) in patients with uncontrolled, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The US 2015 wholesale acquisition cost for each drug was used to calculate each drug's treatment costs over 26 weeks. The average cost per response for each drug was defined as the prescription drug cost of each SGLT2 inhibitor, divided by the average, placebo-adjusted HbA1c reduction at 26 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drug cost per unit dose was the same for canagliflozin (100 mg or 300 mg), dapagliflozin (5 mg or 10 mg), and empagliflozin (10 mg or 25 mg), at $11.43. The drug cost per placebo-adjusted 1% HbA1c reduction varied by agent and by dose, as a result of the differences in the treatment responses for each of the 3 drugs. The costs per response for canagliflozin 100 mg as monotherapy, dual therapy, and triple therapy regimens ranged from $2286 to $3355, and for canagliflozin 300 mg, from $1793 to $2702. The costs per response for dapagliflozin 5 mg as monotherapy and dual therapy (triple therapy was not available at the time of the study) ranged from $4161 to $5201; the cost for dapagliflozin 10 mg ranged from $2972 to $4161. The costs per response for empagliflozin 10 mg ranged from $2972 to $3467 across the monotherapy, dual therapy, and triple therapy regimens; the cost for empagliflozin 25 mg ranged from $2311 to $3467.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple analyses, such as the drug cost per placebo-adjusted 1% reduction in HbA1c, may be useful when considering the addition of antihyperglycemic agents to the health plan's formulary.
authors.affiliation: Dr Lopez is Associate Director, Translational Science Team, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Raritan, NJ.
authors.forename: Janice M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Dr Macomson is Associate Director, Translational Science Team, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Raritan, NJ.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Macomson
authors.affiliation: Mr Ektare is Lead Outcomes Research Analyst, Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ektare
authors.affiliation: Dr Patel is Director of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Dipen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Mr Botteman is Partner, Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botteman
keywords: HbA1c reduction; SGLT2 inhibitors; canagliflozin; cost per response; dapagliflozin; empagliflozin; pharmacoeconomics; type 2 diabetes