title: Persistence of non-typeable Haemophilus Influenzae in the pharynx of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy after treatment with azithromycin.
abstract: This study was performed in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy to evaluate the effect of azithromycin (AZT) on the presence of NTHi in monocyte/macrophages (CD14(+) cells) of adenoids/tonsils and the persistence of NTHi after adenotonsillectomy. A total of 36 pediatric patients participated in the study: 20 children were treated with AZT before adenotonsillectomy, and 16 children did not receive the antibiotic prior to surgery. NTHi were identified by culture and PCR in swabs and tissue samples. NTHi was detected in the lysates of CD14(+) cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and by culture. The molecular typing was used to cluster NTHi isolates from each child. The intracellular NTHi was found in 10 (62.5%) untreated patients and was identified in three (15%) azithromycin-treated patients (P = 0.003). The proportion of the persistent NTHi strains was similar in both groups. AZT treatment followed by adenotonsillectomy did not completely eliminate NTHi from pharynges; however, it significantly reduced the risk of carriage of Haemophilus influenzae inside the CD14(+) cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital, Niekłańska 4/24, 03-924 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olszewska-Sosińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital, Niekłańska 4/24, 03-924 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielnik-Jurkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stępińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antos-Bielska
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Children's Hospital, Niekłańska 4/24, 03-924 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lau-Dworak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozłowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland trafny.elzbieta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Trafny
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D058889:Molecular Typing; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin
keywords: NTHi; adenoid; azithromycin; children; macrophages