title: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Alcohol Consumption in Midlife and Early Old-Age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the individual and cumulative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on alcohol consumption in midlife and early old-age, and the role of ACEs in 10-year drinking trajectories across midlife.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal British civil service-based cohort study (N = 7870, 69.5% male). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the individual and cumulative effects of ACEs on weekly alcohol consumption. Mixed-effect multilevel modelling was used to explore the relationship between ACEs and change in alcohol consumption longitudinally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who were exposed to parental arguments/fights in childhood were 1.24 (95% CI 1.06, 1.45) times more likely to drink at hazardous levels in midlife (mean age 56 years) after controlling for covariates and other ACEs. For each additional exposure to an ACE, the risk of hazardous drinking versus moderate drinking was increased by 1.12 (95% CI 1.03, 1.21) after adjusting for sex, age, adult socio-economic status, ethnicity and marital status. No associations between ACEs and increased risk of hazardous drinking in early old-age (mean age 66 years) were found. In longitudinal analyses, ACEs did not significantly influence 10-year drinking trajectories across midlife.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of exposure to parental arguments on hazardous drinking persists into midlife.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK rmjlleu@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jessica Pui Kei
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological