title: A study of cytocompatibility and degradation of iron-based biodegradable materials.
abstract: Biodegradable metallic implants are of significant importance in the replacement of bones or the repair of bone defects. Iron-phosphate-coated carbonyl iron powder (Fe/P) was prepared by the phosphating method. Moreover, Fe/P-Mn alloy was produced by sintering the Fe/P powder mixed with manganese powder. Bare carbonyl iron samples and the Fe/P and Fe/P-Mn sintered samples were evaluated for their microstructure, cytotoxicity, and hemocompatibility. The microstructure of the sintered samples was examined using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization in Hank's solution. The in vitro biocompatibilities were investigated by cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. The results obtained demonstrate that the addition of Mn resulted in higher surface inhomogeneity, porosity and roughness as well as in increased cytotoxicity. The phosphate coating has a moderately negative effect on the cytotoxicity. The corrosion rates determined from Tafel diagrams were ordered in the following sequence: Fe/P-Mn, Fe, Fe/P from high to low. The hemocompatibility of experimental samples was ordered in the following sequence: Fe/P, Fe/P-Mn, Fe from high to low. All samples were found to be hemocompatible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic Renata.Orinakova@upjs.sk.
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oriňaková
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oriňak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giretová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: L'ubomír
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Medvecký
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kupková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrubovčáková
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Animal Nutrition, Dietetics and Animal Breeding, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maskal'ová
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macko
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: František
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kal'avský
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003343:Corrosion; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006461:Hemolysis; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008853:Microscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003470:Culture Media; D007477:Ions; D010710:Phosphates; D011208:Powders; D010758:Phosphorus; D008345:Manganese; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron
keywords: Carbonyl iron; corrosion behavior; cytotoxicity; hemocompatibility; powder metallurgy