title: Developmental toxicity of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in embryos of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma.
abstract: The composition of major hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers, i.e. α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs, in marine biota is different from that of the commercially available form (technical HBCD), which is used extensively for toxicological studies. To properly evaluate the impact of HBCDs, the embryos of Oryzias melastigma were used to examine the developmental toxicity of the individual diastereoisomers. Results showed that HBCD diastereoisomers at the environmentally realistic concentrations in the embryos induced malformation rate and heartbeat, and caused the appearance of apoptotic heart. In addition, α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs had similar potency to stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, consequently leading to apoptosis in O. melastigma embryos. The order of the developmental toxicity of α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs in O. melastigma embryos was different from that in zebrafish embryos studied previously, which highlighted the importance of using species from both fresh and salt water for toxicity assessment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. Electronic address: honghz@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haizheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Wanxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
authors.forename: Lingming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. Electronic address: dshi@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dalin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
keywords: Developmental toxicity; Diastereoisomers; Hexabromocyclododecanes; Oryzias melastigma; Oxidative stress