title: Like Mother, Like Daughter? Dietary and Non-Dietary Bone Fracture Risk Factors in Mothers and Their Daughters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to demonstrate similarities and differences between mothers and daughters regarding dietary and non-dietary risk factors for bone fractures and osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in 2007-2010 on 712 mothers (29-59 years) and daughters (12-21 years) family pairs. In the sub-sample (170 family pairs) bone mineral density (BMD) was measured for the forearm by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The consumption of dairy products was determined with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (ADOS-Ca) and calcium intake from the daily diet was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of risk factors for bone fractures in mothers and daughters was significantly correlated. The Spearman rank coefficient for dietary factors of fracture risk was 0.87 (P<0.05) in whole sub-sample, 0.94 (P<0.05) in bottom tercile of BMD, 0.82 (P<0.05) in middle tercile of BMD, 0.54 (P>0.05) in upper tercile of BMD and for non-dietary factors of fracture risk was 0.83 (P<0.05) in whole sub-sample, 0.86 (P<0.05) in bottom tercile of BMD, 0.93 (P<0.05) in middle tercile of BMD, 0.65 (P<0.05) in upper tercile of BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the role of the family environment for bone health and document the stronger effect of negative factors of the family environment as compared to other positive factors on bone fracture risk.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobas
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wadolowska
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Slowinska
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, University of Life Sciences in Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czlapka-Matyasik
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wuenstel
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niedzwiedzka
keywords: BMD; Daughter; Fracture risk factors; Mother; Osteoporosis