title: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of External Physical Vibration Lithecbole after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for a Lower Pole Renal Stone Less Than 2 cm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluate the efficacy and safety of external physical vibration lithecbole in improving the clearance rates of lower pole renal stones after shock wave lithotripsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 71 patients with lower pole renal stones (6 to 20 mm) were prospectively randomized into 2 groups. In the treatment group 34 patients were treated with external physical vibration lithecbole after shock wave lithotripsy. In the control group 37 patients underwent shock wave lithotripsy only. External physical vibration lithecbole was performed without anesthesia by the same team using the Friend-I External Physical Vibration Lithecbole (Fu Jian Da Medical Instrument Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China). The stone-free rate, stone expulsion rate, stone expulsion time and incidence of complications were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  External physical vibration lithecbole was successful in assisting the discharge of stone fragments. The stone-free status was 76.5% in the treatment group and 48.6% in the control group (p=0.008). Stone expulsion rates at day 1, week 1 and week 3 were 76.5% (26), 94.1% (32) and 94.1% (32) in the treatment group vs 43.2% (16), 73.0% (27) and 89.2% (33) in the control group, respectively. Mean stone fragment expulsion time was 11.2 minutes in the treatment group and 9.17 hours in the control group (p=0.016). There was no significant difference in complications between the 2 groups (p >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External physical vibration lithecbole was efficacious in assisting the discharge of lower pole renal stone fragments and can be used as an adjunctive method of minimally invasive stone treatment. However, additional investigations are needed to confirm the efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qilai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhibing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: guo.jianming@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guomin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000295:instrumentation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: high-energy shock waves; kidney calculi; lithotripsy