title: A long-term retrospective analysis of survival rates of implants in the mandible.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively analyze the survival rate of endosseous dental implants placed in the edentulous or partially edentulous mandible over a long-term follow-up period of 10 years or more.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of patients who underwent mandibular implant placement at a private prosthodontics practice and received follow-up care for 10 years or more were included in this study. Implants were examined according to the following study variables: patient sex, patient age, degree of edentulism (fully vs partially edentulous), implant location, time of loading (delayed vs immediate), implant size and type, bone quality, prosthesis type, and the presence of other implants during placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study sample was composed of 2,394 implants placed in 470 patients with 10 to 27 years of follow-up. Of these 2,394 implants, 176 failed, resulting in an overall cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 92.6%. A total of 1,482 implants were placed in edentulous mandibles, and 912 implants were placed in partially edentulous mandibles, with CSRs of 92.6% and 92.7%, respectively. Comparisons of the study variables with respect to CSR were largely nonsignificant. However, there were significant differences in CSRs between anterior vs posterior locations and rough- vs smooth-surfaced implants in addition to some prosthesis types, ages, and bone qualities. The overall CSR of 92.6% in the present study is high and comparable to survival rates observed in previous long-term analyses of mandibular implants. The significant differences observed between implant locations, patient age groups, bone qualities, and prostheses were not suggestive of any remarkable trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient sex, age, degree of edentulism, implant location, time of loading, implant size and type, bone quality, prosthesis type, and the presence of multiple implants did not result in any significant effect on long-term implant survival. The CSR observed after 10 to 27 years of follow-up in a single private prosthodontic center was high (92.6%) and supports the use of endosseous dental implants as a long-term treatment option for the rehabilitation of the edentulous and partially edentulous mandible.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Balshi
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wolfinger
authors.forename: Brett E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Balshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants