title: Computational approaches for understanding the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: This study describes how the application of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can be used to study motor function in humans with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in animal models of PD. Human data is obtained using commercially available sensors via a range of non-invasive procedures that follow conventional clinical practice. EAs can then be used to classify human data for a range of uses, including diagnosis and disease monitoring. New results are presented that demonstrate how EAs can also be used to classify fruit flies with and without genetic mutations that cause Parkinson's by using measurements of the proboscis extension reflex. The case is made for a computational approach that can be applied across human and animal studies of PD and lays the way for evaluation of existing and new drug therapies in a truly objective way.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD. stephen.smith@york.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lones
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5GW.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bedder
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Alty
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD.
authors.forename: Mary Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pownall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ivanoiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cording
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD.
authors.forename: Christopher J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents