title: A Study on the Effects of a Health Education Intervention on Anxiety and Pain During Colonoscopy Procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colonoscopy is currently considered the best screening tool in the diagnosis of colon diseases. However, this procedure often causes pain and discomfort in patients, thus reducing patient willingness to undergo and comply with this procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explores the effects of providing procedure-related information to patients receiving colonoscopy in terms of anxiety and pain reduction and identifies factors that influence the pain and anxiety experienced by patients during this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study adopted a quasi-experimental design that targeted colonoscopy patients in outpatient clinics. Two hundred thirteen patients were recruited, with 103 patients in the experimental group and 110 in the control group. Participants were recruited between January and April 2011. All of the participants received standard care, and only those participants who were assigned to the experimental group were asked to watch "A Guide to the Colonoscopy Procedure," a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiety scores of the experimental group dropped from 48.7 ± 11.6 to 39.2 ± 8.7 after the intervention. The average pain score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.8 ± 2.5 vs. 5.0 ± 2.7). Furthermore, trait anxiety, gender, and educational level were identified as the main predictors for state anxiety, and state anxiety was identified as an important predictor for pain during the colonoscopy examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that using a multimedia health informatics CD-ROM to provide information on the colonoscopy procedure effectively reduced the examination-related anxiety and pain of patients.
authors.affiliation: 1MSc, RN, Head Nurse, Department of Nursing, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital 2MSc, RN, Supervisor, Department of Nursing, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung Hospital 3PhD, Professor, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University 4PhD, Associate Professor, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center 5PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Meiho University 6MS, Associate Professor, Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University.
authors.forename: Feng-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Chih-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chien-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Szu-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Tsan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan