title: High Prevalence of Biocide Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Three African Countries.
abstract: We assessed the prevalence of six biocide resistance genes among 82 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 219 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from three African countries; the prevalence was very high for sepA (95.3%), mepA (89.4%), and norA (86.4%), intermediate for lmrS (60.8%) and qacAB (40.5%), and low for smr (3.7%). A significant association between biocide resistance genes and antibiotic resistance was observed, and a new cutoff MIC of ≥1 mg/liter for chlorhexidine nonsusceptibility was defined.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Hermínia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Lencastre
authors.affiliation: Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP), Lisbon, Portugal msousa@esscvp.eu.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aires-de-Sousa
mesh_terms: D000810:Angola / Q000453:epidemiology; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001266:Atlantic Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055726:Cabo Verde / Q000453:epidemiology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; C075040:NorA protein, Staphylococcus