title: The relationship between some endometrial secretion cytokines and in vitro fertilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial secretion analysis is a non-invasive and promising method in evaluation of endometrial receptivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the success rate of IVF procedures and some endometrial secretion cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study, 50 women selected for IVF met the study inclusion criteria. All the patients underwent endometrial secretion aspiration prior to embryo transfer. The level of IL-1β, TNF-α, IP-10 and MCP were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using special standard kits. To detect successful implantation and pregnancy patients underwent serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurements and ultrasound evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five samples were excluded. Nine women (20%) had successful clinical pregnancies, which resulted in live birth. Other 36 women (80%) were classified as failed pregnancy. Comparison of cytokine levels showed lower concentrations of TNF-α, IP-10, and MCP in the group with successful clinical pregnancy compared to the group with failed pregnancy (p=0.007, 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was revealed in IL-1β levels between two groups (p=0.614).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggested that lower concentrations of TNF-α, IP-10, and MCP in endometrial secretions might be associated with improved endometrial receptivity and IVF outcome. Regarding IL-1β, no statistically significant differences were seen between the groups with and without successful pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ehsan
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rahiminejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moaddab
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrnoosh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Soghra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Hematology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezzati
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdollah Shamshirsaz
keywords: Cytokine; Endometrium; Implantation; In vitro fertilization; Outcome