title: Observation of Gravitationally Induced Vertical Striation of Polarized Ultracold Neutrons by Spin-Echo Spectroscopy.
abstract: We describe a spin-echo method for ultracold neutrons (UCNs) confined in a precession chamber and exposed to a |B0|=1  μT magnetic field. We have demonstrated that the analysis of UCN spin-echo resonance signals in combination with knowledge of the ambient magnetic field provides an excellent method by which to reconstruct the energy spectrum of a confined ensemble of neutrons. The method takes advantage of the relative dephasing of spins arising from a gravitationally induced striation of stored UCNs of different energies, and also permits an improved determination of the vertical magnetic-field gradient with an exceptional accuracy of 1.1  pT/cm. This novel combination of a well-known nuclear resonance method and gravitationally induced vertical striation is unique in the realm of nuclear and particle physics and should prove to be invaluable for the assessment of systematic effects in precision experiments such as searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron or the measurement of the neutron lifetime.
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.|Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
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authors.lastname: Afach
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
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authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
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authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bison
authors.affiliation: Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: K
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authors.lastname: Bodek
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chowdhuri
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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authors.lastname: Daum
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fertl
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Z D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Grujić
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
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authors.lastname: Hélaine
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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authors.lastname: Kasprzak
authors.affiliation: LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Y
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authors.lastname: Kermaidic
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirch
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.|Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
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authors.affiliation: Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland.
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authors.lastname: Kozela
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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authors.lastname: Krempel
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B
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authors.lastname: Lauss
authors.affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
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authors.affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lemière
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mtchedlishvili
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musgrave
authors.affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
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authors.lastname: Naviliat-Cuncic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
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authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pendlebury
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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authors.affiliation: LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: G
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authors.lastname: Pignol
authors.affiliation: Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: C
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authors.lastname: Plonka-Spehr
authors.affiliation: Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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authors.affiliation: LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: D
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authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.affiliation: CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405 Orsay Campus, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roccia
authors.affiliation: Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: D
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authors.lastname: Rozpedzik
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
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authors.affiliation: Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.lastname: Severijns
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
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authors.affiliation: Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
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authors.affiliation: Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.lastname: Wursten
authors.affiliation: Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
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authors.affiliation: Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
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authors.lastname: Zejma
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.|ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.|Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: J
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authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D006112:Gravitation; D007700:Kinetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009502:Neutrons