title: Intravenous infusion of amino acids in dogs attenuates hypothermia during anaesthesia and stimulates insulin secretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion of amino acids on the prevention of hypothermia during anaesthesia in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized experimental trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven healthy Beagle dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four concentrations of amino acids were prepared with a 10% amino acid solution and an acetated Ringer's solution, and dogs were infused with each of the solutions at 1 week intervals. Dogs were infused with amino acid solution at 12 mL kg(-1)  hour(-1) for 60 minutes before and for 60 minutes after induction of anaesthesia. Acetated Ringer's solution was infused at the same rate for the remaining 60 minutes of anaesthesia. The infusion treatments were: 1) A0, nutrient-free acetated Ringer's solution; 2) A6, 0.6 g kg(-1)  hour(-1) ; 3) A9, 0.9 g kg(-1)  hour(-1) ; and 4) A12, 1.2 g kg(-1) hour(-1) . Rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood insulin, glucose, urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, and time to extubation were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before anaesthesia, RT was not affected by amino acid infusion. RT decreased progressively during anaesthesia and the absolute values of RT from 30 to 120 minutes were significantly higher in A12 than in A0 (p < 0.05). Reductions in HR and MAP during anaesthesia were attenuated by amino acid infusion in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher in A12 than in A0 during amino acid infusion and the increase in insulin concentration was greater during than before anaesthesia. BUN increased during amino acid infusion in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Time until extubation was shorter in A12 than in A0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amino acids infused at 1.2 g kg(-1)  hour(-1) in dogs attenuated the decrease in RT, HR, and MAP during anaesthesia, and induced a significant increase in plasma insulin concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C028570:Ringer's acetate
keywords: amino acids; anaesthesia; dog; infusion; rectal temperature