title: Blood, breast milk and urine: potential biomarkers of exposure and estimated daily intake of ochratoxin A: a review.
abstract: The purposes of this review are to study potential biomarkers of exposure for ochratoxin A (OTA) in biological fluids (blood, urine and breast milk) for the period 2005-14, calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of OTA by using database consumption for the Spanish population, and, finally, to correlate OTA levels detected in blood and EDI values calculated from food products. The values of OTA detected in potential biomarkers of exposure for blood, breast milk and urine ranged from 0.15 to 18.0, from 0.002 to 13.1, and from 0.013 to 0.2 ng ml(-1), respectively. The calculated EDI for OTA in plasma ranged from 0.15 to 26 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1), higher than that obtained in urine (0.017-0.4 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1)). All these values are correlated with the range of EDI for OTA calculated from food products: 0.0001-25.2 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1).
authors.affiliation: a Public Health Research Center , Alzira , Spain.
authors.forename: Julia Bellver
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manyes
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juan-García
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A
keywords: Ochratoxin A; biomarkers; estimated daily intake; exposure; mycotoxins