title: Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea.
abstract: Here, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and mortality of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants in Korea and assess the associated factors of PHH. This cohort study used prospectively collected data from the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN). Among 2,386 VLBW infants in the KNN database born between January 2013 and June 2014, 63 infants who died without brain ultrasonography results were excluded. Maternal demographics and neonatal clinical characteristics were assessed. The overall incidence of IVH in all the VLBW infants was 42.2% (987 of 2,323), while those of IVH grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 25.1%, 7.0%, 4.8%, and 5.5%, respectively. The incidence and severity of IVH showed a negatively correlating trend with gestational age and birth weight. PHH developed in 0%, 3.5%, 36.1%, and 63.8% of the surviving infants with IVH grades 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Overall, in the VLBW infants, the IVH-associated mortality rate was 1.0% (24/2,323). Only IVH grade severity was proven to be an associated with PHH development in infants with IVH grades 3-4. This is the first Korean national report of IVH and PHH incidences in VLBW infants. Further risk factor analyses or quality improvement studies to reduce IVH are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Departmemt of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Kyung
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004453:Echoencephalography; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Epidemiology; Hydrocephalus; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very-Low-Birth-Weight; Intracranial Hemorrhage; Registries