title: Beta-adrenergic blockade increases GLUT4 and improves glycemic control in insulin-treated diabetic Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unequivocal modulation of glycemic homeostasis by chronic beta-adrenergic blockade in diabetes has never been demonstrated. This study investigates the participation of beta-adrenergic system in glycemic control and muscle glucose transporter GLUT4 expression in insulin-treated diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin-treated diabetic Wistar (W) or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were additionally treated with propranolol, and glycemic homeostasis and expression of some target mRNAs and proteins in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin improved glycemic control in both strains. Importantly, in W, propranolol promoted a further improvement in glycemic control, which was accompanied by decreased PKA and Tnf expression, and increased Slc2a4 and GLUT4 in EDL. Those effects were not observed in diabetic-SHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propranolol-induced decrease in beta-adrenergic activity in skeletal muscles of insulin-treated diabetic Wistar rats increases GLUT4 expression in EDL, improving glycemic control. These outcomes represent a positive effect of nonselective beta-blockade, which might be extended to autonomic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: abarbara@icb.usp.br.
authors.forename: Ana Barbara
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Alves-Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana Cristina
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robinson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sabino-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Alves
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adilson da Silva
authors.initials: Ada S
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Roberto
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz D'Agord
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Schaan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ubiratan Fabres
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D011433:Propranolol; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: EDL; PKA; SHR; Soleus; TNF