title: Molecular regulation of dendritic spine dynamics and their potential impact on synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases.
abstract: The structure and dynamics of dendritic spines reflect the strength of synapses, which are severely affected in different brain diseases. Therefore, understanding the ultra-structure, molecular signaling mechanism(s) regulating dendritic spine dynamics is crucial. Although, since last century, dynamics of spine have been explored by several investigators in different neurological diseases, but despite countless efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental etiology and molecular signaling pathways involved in spine pathology is lacking. The purpose of this review is to provide a contextual framework of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dendritic spine signaling, as well as their potential impact on different neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, as a format for highlighting some commonalities in function, as well as providing a format for new insights and perspectives into this critical area of research. Additionally, the potential strategies to restore spine structure-function in different diseases are also pointed out. Overall, these informations should help researchers to design new drugs to restore the structure-function of dendritic spine, a "hot site" of synaptic plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary's of Michigan, Saginaw, MI, USA; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA. Electronic address: panchananm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Panchanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address: manna.jayeeta15@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jayeeta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.affiliation: Hindustan University, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Padur, Kelambakam, Chennai, TN, India. Electronic address: ilavazhagan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ilavazhagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA; College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA. Electronic address: rossi1j@cmich.edu.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.affiliation: Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary's of Michigan, Saginaw, MI, USA; Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA. Electronic address: dunba1g@cmich.edu.
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dunbar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Calcium signaling; Dendritic spine; Glutamate receptor; Neurodegenerative diseases; Psychiatric disorders; Synaptic plasticity