title: Diverse mechanisms for inflammasome sensing of cytosolic bacteria and bacterial virulence.
abstract: The inflammasomes are emerging cytosolic defenses against bacterial infections. The inflammasomes converge on inflammatory caspases activation that triggers pyroptosis, and interleukin-1β/18 maturation in the case of caspase-1 activation. The inflammasomes not only detect major bacterial molecules but also sense bacterial virulence activity. Among the canonical caspase-1-activating inflammasomes, the NAIP subfamily of NLR proteins serves as the receptors for bacterial flagellin and type III secretion apparatus; Pyrin indirectly senses Rho modification/inactivation by various bacterial agents; NLRP1 in mice/rats detects the protease activity of anthrax lethal toxin by serving as its substrate. Caspase-11 and caspase-4/5 directly recognize bacterial LPS and then become activated. Inflammasome sensing of cytosolic bacteria employs much more diversified biochemical mechanisms, compared with Toll-like receptors-mediated recognition on the membrane.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: shaofeng@nibs.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000382:microbiology*; D005408:Flagellin / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D000069292:Pyroptosis; D051381:Rats; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems; D005408:Flagellin; D020169:Caspases