title: Prognostic significance of ST3GAL-1 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aberrant sialylated carbohydrate synthesis is frequently noted in various cancers. Sialyltransferase ST3GAL-1, which adds a sialic acid in an α-2,3 linkage to Gal β1,3 GalNAc, preforms an important role in modulating cellular behaviors. However, little is known about prognostic significance of ST3GAL-1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of sialyltransferase ST3GAL-1 and its correlation with clinical outcomes in patients with ccRCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 286 patients who underwent nephrectomy between 2005 and 2007 in a single academic center were recruited. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays to assess the expression level. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were applied to assess the prognostic value of ST3GAL-1. Nomograms were generated as prediction model for overall survival and disease free survival at 5 and 8 years after nephrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present results show high expression of ST3GAL-1 is associated with reduced overall survival (p = 0.013) and disease free survival (p = 0.004). In multivariate cox analyses, ST3GAL-1 was defined as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p = 0.006) and disease free survival (p = 0.001). After incorporation into the University of California Integrated Staging System (UISS) intermediate/high risk group for non-metastatic ccRCC, ST3GAL-1 could further distinguish patient with dismal prognosis (p = 0.015 and 0.002 for OS and DFS respectively). The nomograms revealed better predictive accuracy in predicting 5- and 8- year overall survival and disease free survival than the TNM stage alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST3GAL-1 is an independent adverse prognostic factor for recurrence and survival of patients with ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. 08301010206@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. liu.li@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. 08301010195@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. rcdragon@163.com.
authors.forename: Qilai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. 09301010114@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. jjxufdu@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. guo.jianming@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012799:Sialyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000094663:beta-Galactoside alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012799:Sialyltransferases; D000094663:beta-Galactoside alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase; C000722087:ST3GAL1 protein, human