title: Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Lobaria pulmonaria and Its Metabolite Rhizonyl Alcohol on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer.
abstract: Two lichen metabolites, rhizonaldehyde (1) and rhizonyl alcohol (2), were isolated from the acetone extract of Lobaria pulmonaria by chromatographic methods, and their chemical structures were determined by UV/VIS, IR, and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. The gastroprotective and in vivo antioxidant activities of extracts of L. pulmonaria and its metabolites, 1 and 2, were investigated in indomethacin-induced ulcer models in rats. The gastric lesions were significantly reduced by acetone, hexane, and CHCl3 extracts, with 75.3-41.5% inhibition. Rhizonyl alcohol (2) significantly reduced the gastric lesions with an inhibition rate of 84.6-42.8%, whereas rhizonaldehyde (1) significantly increased the gastric lesions. Antioxidant parameters and myeloperoxidase activities were also evaluated in the gastric tissues of the rats. Indomethacin caused oxidative stress, which resulted in lipid peroxidation in gastric tissues by decreasing the levels of the antioxidants as compared to healthy rat tissues. In contrast to indomethacin, all extracts and rhizonyl alcohol (2) caused a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels and an increase in antioxidant parameters, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione in gastric tissues. The administration of rhizonyl alcohol (2) also resulted in a decrease in gastric myeloperoxidase activity increased by indomethacin. The gastroprotective effect of rhizonyl alcohol (2) can be attributed to its antioxidant properties and its suppressing effect on neutrophil infiltration into gastric tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, TR-36200 Kars.
authors.forename: Fadime
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, TR-36200 Kars.
authors.forename: Fehmi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Odabasoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25240 Erzurum.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Kilis 7 Aralık University, TR-79000 Kilis, (phone: +90-348-8222350; fax: +90-348-8222351). acakir@kilis.edu.tr, ahmedcakir@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, TR-25240 Erzurum.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadirci
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, TR-25240 Erzurum.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, TR-25240 Erzurum.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aydin Berktas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, TR-25240 Erzurum.
authors.forename: Cavit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kazaz
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C000609898:rhizonyl alcohol; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Antioxidants; Gastroprotective effect; Lobaria pulmonaria; Rhizonaldehyde; Rhizonyl alcohol