title: Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 reduces gene expression of intestinal cytokines, and hepatic and splenic injuries in a murine model of typhoid fever.
abstract: Diarrhoea in piglets by Salmonella and other pathogens can be a serious health problem. Non-drug treatments such as probiotic microorganisms have various effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis and host immune system modulation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitable use of Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 strain isolated from healthy piglets as an alternative prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against Salmonella Typhimurium. Out of 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates, 24 strains belonging to the Weissella and Lactobacillus genera were analysed in vitro for desirable probiotic characteristics. The W. paramesenteroides WpK4 strain fulfilled all in vitro tests: resistance to acidic pH and bile salts, hydrophobic cell surface, antagonism against bacterial pathogens, H2O2production and exopolysaccharide secretion, and non-transferable resistance to antibiotics. Mice fed with WpK4 showed no signs of bacterial translocation to the liver or spleen and decreased Salmonella translocation to these organs. Significantly, WpK4 intake attenuated the weight loss, fostered the preservation of intestinal architecture and integrity, and promoted survival in mice following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. In addition, WpK4 modulated immune cellular response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings validate the probiotic properties of W. paramesenteroides WpK4 strain, and its eventual use in piglets.
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Alvim
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: S H C
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sandes
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: 4 GENE Núcleo de Genética Médica, Avenida Afonso Pena 3111, 30170-001, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: M H A
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Acurcio
authors.affiliation: 3 Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: R M E
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arantes
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Á C
authors.initials: ÁC
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000178:diet therapy*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000178:diet therapy*; D058836:Weissella / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A
keywords: Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4; lactic acid bacteria; pig; probiotics