title: Scanpaths of Complex Image Viewing: Insights From Experimental and Modeling Studies.
abstract: From the first works of Buswell, Yarbus, and Noton and Stark, the scan path for viewing complex images has been considered as a possible key to objective estimation of cognitive processes and their dynamics. However, evidences both pro and con were revealed in the modern research. In this article, the results supporting the Yarbus-Stark concept are presented. In psychophysical tests, two types of images (three paintings from Yarbus` works and four textures) were used with two instructions, namely, "free viewing" and "search for modified image regions." The focus of the analysis of experimental results and modeling has been given to local elements of the scan path. It was shown that each parameter used (square of viewing area, S; distance between center of mass of viewing area and image center, R; parameter Xi, based on duration of the current fixation and angle between preceding and following saccades), reflects the specificity of both visual task and image properties. Additionally, the return gaze fixations which have a set of specific properties and mainly address to the areas of interest on image were revealed. Evidently these facts can be formalized in an advanced mathematical model as additional instrument to study the mechanisms of complex image viewing.
authors.affiliation: A.B. Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, at Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samarin
authors.affiliation: A.B. Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, at Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koltunova
authors.affiliation: A.B. Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, at Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Osinov
authors.affiliation: A.B. Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, at Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shaposhnikov
authors.affiliation: A.B. Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, at Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia lnp@nisms.krinc.ru.
authors.forename: Lubov
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Podladchikova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D004585:Electrooculography; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011601:Psychophysics; D012438:Saccades; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: areas of interest; fixation duration; mathematical modeling; psychophysical experiment; return fixations; scan path; visual attention