title: Inguinal Abnormalities in Male Patients with Acetabular Fractures Treated Using an Ilioinguinal Exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgeons performing an ilioinguinal exposure for acetabular fracture surgery need to be aware of aberrant findings such as inguinal hernias and spermatic cord lesions. The purpose of this study is to report these occurrences in a clinical series of adult males undergoing acetabular fracture fixation and a series of adult male cadavers. The secondary aim is to characterize these abnormalities to aid surgeons in detecting these abnormalities preoperatively and coordinating a surgical plan with a general surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical study- Retrospective review of treated acetabular fractures through an ilioinguinal approach. Incidence of inguinal canal and spermatic cord abnormalities requiring general surgery consultation were identified. Corresponding CT scans were reviewed and radiographic characteristics of the spermatic cord abnormalities and/or hernias were noted. Cadaveric study- 18 male cadavers dissected bilaterally using an ilioinguinal exposure. The inguinal canal and the contents of the spermatic cord were identified and characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical Study- 5.7% (5/87) of patients had spermatic cord lesion and/or inguinal hernia requiring general surgical intervention. Preoperative pelvic CT scan review identified abnormalities noted intraoperatively in four of the five patients. Cord lipomas visualized as enlargements of the spermatic cord with homogeneous density. Hernias visualized as enlarged spermatic cords with heterogeneous density. Cadaver Study- 31% (11/36) of cadavers studied had spermatic cord and/or inguinal canal abnormalities. Average cord diameter in those with abnormalities was 24.9 mm (15-28) compared to 16 mm (11-22) in normal cords, which was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and cadaveric findings emphasize the importance of understanding inguinal abnormalities and the value of detecting them preoperatively. The preoperative pelvic CT scans were highly sensitive in detecting inguinal abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Firoozabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA.
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Routt
keywords: Acetabular surgery; Hernia; Ilioinguinal approach; Lipoma; Spermatic cord