title: Reduced grazing pressure delivers production and environmental benefits for the typical steppe of north China.
abstract: Degradation by overgrazing is common in many areas of the world and optimising grassland functions depends upon finding suitable grazing tactics. This four-year study on the northern China steppe investigated combinations of rest, moderate or heavy grazing pressure early in the summer growing season, then moderate or heavy grazing in the mid and late season. Results showed that moderate grazing pressure (~550 sheep equivalent (SE) grazing days ha(-1) year(-1)) gave the optimal balance between maintaining a productive and diverse grassland, a profitable livestock system, and greenhouse gas mitigation. Further analyses identified that more conservative stocking (~400 SE grazing days ha(-1) year(-1)) maintained a desirable Leymus chinensis composition and achieved a higher live weight gain of sheep. Early summer rest best maintained a desirable grassland composition, but had few other benefits and reduced incomes. These findings demonstrate that reducing grazing pressure to half the current district stocking rates can deliver improved ecosystem services (lower greenhouse gases and improved grassland composition) while sustaining herder incomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
authors.forename: Warwick B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Badgery
authors.affiliation: Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D065948:Grassland; D060434:Herbivory; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012098:Reproduction