title: Management of Orbital and Periocular Vascular Anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the treatment modalities available to clinicians who treat orbital and periocular vascular anomalies, with a focus on newer approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors' experience, along with a literature review, was used to provide a concise summary of the available approaches to the treatment of periocular vascular anomalies. Emerging diagnostic tools and therapies are highlighted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment of orbital and periocular vascular anomalies, including vascular malformations and tumors, increasingly utilizes a multidisciplinary team and a combination of endovascular, percutaneous, and open surgical techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A growing reliance on new instrumentation and tools in a team-oriented approach to treatment may lead to better results with improved visual function and cosmesis and with reduced risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, and †Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahana
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005143:Eyelids / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions