title: American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for thoracic brachytherapy for lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update brachytherapy recommendations for pretreatment evaluation, treatment, and dosimetric issues for thoracic brachytherapy for lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the American Brachytherapy Society with expertise in thoracic brachytherapy updated recommendations for thoracic brachytherapy based on literature review and clinical experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines recommend the use of endobronchial brachytherapy for disease palliation in patients with central obstructing lesions, particularly in patients who have previously received external beam radiotherapy. The use of interstitial implants after incomplete resection may improve outcomes and provide enhanced palliation. Early reports support the use of CT-guided intratumoral volume implants within clinical studies. The use of brachytherapy routinely after sublobar resection is not generally recommended, unless within the confines of a clinical trial or a registry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  American Brachytherapy Society recommendations for thoracic brachytherapy are provided. Practitioners are encouraged to follow these guidelines and to develop further clinical trials to examine this treatment modality to increase the evidence base for its use.
authors.affiliation: St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK; University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. Electronic address: Alexandra.stewart@nhs.net.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Stich Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Dana Faber Cancer Centre, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Farrell
authors.affiliation: Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biagioli
authors.affiliation: Dana Faber Cancer Centre, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutyala
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods; D032921:Consensus; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010166:Palliative Care; D018579:Patient Selection; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D014481:United States
keywords: Cesium seeds; Endobronchial brachytherapy; Interstitial seed brachytherapy; Iodine seeds; Lung cancer; Thoracic tumors