title: Behavior of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in eco-agricultural system: A case study.
abstract: This study aims to determine abundance and persistence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in eco-agricultural system (EAS), which starts from swine feces to anaerobic digestion products, then application of anaerobic digestion solid residue (ADSR) and anaerobic digestion liquid residue (ADLR) to the soil to grow ryegrass, one of swine feed. Oxytetracycline had the highest concentration in manure reaching up to 138.7 mg/kg. Most of antibiotics could be effectively eliminated by anaerobic digestion and removal rates ranged from 11% to 86%. ARGs abundance fluctuated within EAS. TetQ had the highest relative abundance and the relative abundance of tetG had the least variation within the system, which indicates that tetG is persistent in the agricultural environment and requires more attention. Compared to the relative abundance in manure, tetC and tetM increased in biogas residue while three ribosomal protection proteins genes (tetO, tetQ, tetW) decreased (p<0.05), with other genes showing no significant change after anaerobic fermentation (p>0.05). Most ARGs in downstream components (soils and fishpond) of EAS showed significantly higher relative abundance than the control agricultural system (p<0.05), except for tetG and sulI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Weixiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Like
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yanyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Guan
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: chen_hong@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine; D014675:Vegetables; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Antibiotic resistance genes; Antibiotics; Eco-agricultural system