title: Practical approaches for the treatment of chronic heart failure: Frequently asked questions, overlooked points and controversial issues in current clinical practice.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disorder associated with impaired quality of life, high morbidity, mortality and frequent hospitalization and affects millions of people from all around the world. Despite further improvements in HF therapy, mortality and morbidity remains to be very high. The life-long treatment, frequent hospitalization, and sophisticated and very expensive device therapies for HF also leads a substantial economic burden on the health care system. Therefore, implementation of evidence-based guideline-recommended therapy is very important to overcome its worse clinical outcomes. However, HF therapy is a long process that has many drawbacks and sometimes HF guidelines cannot answers to every question which rises in everyday clinical practice. In this paper, commonly encountered questions, overlooked points, controversial issues, management strategies in grey zone and problems arising during follow up of a HF patient in real life clinical practice have been addressed in the form of expert opinions based on the available data in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir-Turkey. yukselc@ogu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çavuşoğlu
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekmekçi
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Mehmet Serdar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Küçükoğlu
authors.forename: Sanem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nalbantgil
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Sarı
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Selçuk
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Temizhan
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: Jean Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeşilbursa
authors.forename: Mehmet Birhan
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoghi
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydoğdu
authors.forename: Merih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutlu
authors.forename: Necla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Özer
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tokgözoğlu
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000188:drug therapy; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists