title: Benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with T1DM can be alleviated by treadmill exercise-evidences revealed by the rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) share similar epidemiologic features and are all associated with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated hormonal imbalance. The purpose of this study is to understand whether exercise (EX) could alleviate DM and DM + BPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: normal control, EX, BPH, BPH + EX, DM, DM + EX, BPH + DM, and BPH + DM + EX. T1DM was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in Week 2, and BPH was induced by successive ip injections of Sustanon® (testosterone, 3.5 mg/head) plus estradiol (0.1 mg/head) from Week 3 to Week 9. Treadmill exercise training (20 m/min, 60 min per time) was performed three times per week for 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In BPH + EX, EX maintained at a constant body weight (BW); and suppressed stromal layer thickening, collagen deposition, blood glucose (BG), levels of testosterone (Ts), 5α-reductase(5αRd), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androgen receptor (AR), serum hydrogen peroxide, TBARs, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). EX recovered testes size and substantially increased nitric oxide (NO) levels. In DM + EX group, EX decreased BW, PW, nuclear proliferation, inflammatory cell aggregation, collagen deposition, and BG. As contrast, EX upregulated insulin, IGF, Ts, NO, 5αRd, AR, and DHT, and substantially reduced PSA. In BPH + DM + EX, EX maintained BW at a subnormal level, slightly suppressed prostate stromal inflammation, collagen deposition, and BG, moderately restored sIn and IGF. Although failed to suppress Ts, EX highly upregulated 5αRd and suppressed DHT and AR, together with highly upregulated NO resulting in substantially reduced PSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EX, by remodeling androgen and NO expressions, can effectively alleviate BPH, DM, and BPH + DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Zhongzheng Rd.,, Zhonghe, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan. kc.chen416@msa.hinet.net.|Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. kc.chen416@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Kuan-Chou
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Ph. D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shian-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St. Joseph's Hospital, 74, Sinsheng Road, Huwei County, Yunlin Hsien, 632, Taiwan.|Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, 34 Chung-Chie Rd., Shalu County, Taichung Hsien, 43302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, 50007, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. robert.shen@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Kun-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing St., Xin-Yi District, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. misspeng@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chiung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, 34 Chung-Chie Rd., Shalu County, Taichung Hsien, 43302, Taiwan. robert.shen@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Robert Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I