title: Variations in the fate and biological effects of sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin and doxycycline in different vegetable-soil systems following manure application.
abstract: The fate of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), norfloxacin (NOR) and doxycycline (DOX) and their biological effects in radish and pakchoi culture systems were investigated. DOX dissipated more rapidly than SMZ and NOR, while radish and pakchoi cultivation increased the removal of residual DOX in soils. Dissipation of NOR was accelerated in radish soils but was slowed down slightly in pakchoi soils. Vegetable cultivation exerted an insignificant effect on SMZ removal. Investigation of antibiotic bioaccumulation showed that the uptake of DOX by radish and pakchoi was undetectable, but the radish accumulated more SMZ and NOR than pakchoi. Among the three antibiotics, only SMZ use exhibited an apparent suspension of plant seed germination, up-ground plant growth and soil microbial diversity. Pakchoi responded more sensitively to SMZ than did the radish. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on MicroRESP™ indicated that the sampling time and antibiotic treatments could influence the soil microbial community. Only in the pakchoi soils did antibiotic application exert a more robust effect on the microbial community than the sampling time; SMZ treatments and DOX treatments could be clearly discriminated from the control treatments. These results are crucial for an assessment of the potential risks of antibiotics to culture system practices and suggest that good agricultural practices help to limit or even reduce antibiotic pollution.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Jianmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Wanchun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Junwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
authors.forename: Zulin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China. Electronic address: qianmr@mail.zaas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Mingrong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001937:Brassica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008372:Manure; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031224:Raphanus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008372:Manure; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D009643:Norfloxacin; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Antibiotic dissipation; Bioaccumulation; Soil microbial community; Vegetable planting; Veterinary antibiotics