title: Nighttime Blood Pressure Patterns and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) values and patterns in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with those of a matched control group and their relationship with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  ABPM was assessed in 70 women with SLE and in 65 sex- and age-matched controls without a history of clinic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of future CVD, was measured. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to determine which explanatory variables were independently associated with the non-dipper pattern and the presence of nocturnal hypertension (HTN) in women with SLE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in PWV were found between patients and controls [median 7.3, interquartile range (IQR) 6.5-8.1 m/s vs median 7.1, IQR 6.5-7.8 m/s, p = 0.474]. The frequency of nondipper pattern (p = 0.025) and nocturnal HTN (p = 0.004) was significantly higher in women with SLE than in controls. White-coat and masked HTN were present in 10% and 11% of patients and in 20% and 8% of controls, respectively (p > 0.05 in all cases). The concordance between office and ambulatory HTN in the SLE and control groups was modest (κ = 0.325 and κ = 0.451, respectively). PWV and chronic kidney disease, and PWV and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index were found to be independently associated with nocturnal HTN and nondipper pattern, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with SLE were more likely to have an altered nighttime BP pattern than controls. In women with SLE, nondipper pattern and nocturnal HTN were independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis measured by PWV.
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves. jomasabio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: José Mario
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sabio
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-Bordonado
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Berná
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vargas-Hitos
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Juan Diego
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mediavilla
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navarrete-Navarrete
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamora-Pasadas
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Manuela Expósito
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ruíz
authors.affiliation: From the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation, Granada, Spain.J.M. Sabio, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J. Martinez-Bordonado, MD, Research Fellow, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; I. Sánchez-Berná, MD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.A. Vargas-Hitos, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; J.D. Mediavilla, MD, PhD, Hypertension and Lipids Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; N. Navarrete-Navarrete, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M. Zamora-Pasadas, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves; M.E. Ruíz, MD, Department of Statistics, Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Foundation; J. Jiménez-Alonso, MD, PhD, Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Alonso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015994:Incidence; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERTENSION; NONDIPPER PATTERN; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS