title: Trends in High Blood Pressure among United States Adolescents across Body Weight Category between 1988 and 2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in pre-high blood pressure (BP [HBP]) and HBP among US adolescents by body weight category during 1988-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated pre-HBP and HBP prevalence among 14,844 participants aged 12-19 years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988-1994, 1999-2002, 2003-2006, and 2007-2012. Pre-HBP and HBP were defined based on age-sex-height-specific BP percentiles. We examined the temporal trends in pre-HBP and HBP across category of body weight (normal weight vs overweight/obese), adjusted for potential explanatory factors, and estimated the number of adolescents with pre-HBP and HBP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1988 and 2012, the prevalence of HBP decreased and pre-HBP did not change. Among normal weight adolescents, multivariable adjusted pre-HBP prevalence was 11.0% during 1988-2012, and 10.9% during 2007-2012 (P = .923 for trend); adjusted HBP prevalence increased from 1988-1994 (0.9%) to 1999-2002 (2.3%), then declined significantly to 1.4% during 2007-2012 (P = .049). Among overweight/obese adolescents, adjusted pre-HBP prevalence was 17.5% during 1988-2012, and 20.9% during 2007-2012 (P = .323); adjusted HBP prevalence declined significantly from 7.2% during 1988-1994 to 3.2% during 2007-2012 (P = .018). Because of population growth, estimated number of adolescents with pre-HBP or HBP increased, from 4.18 million during 1988-1994 to 5.59 million during 2007-2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Between 1988 and 2012, pre-HBP prevalence was consistently higher among overweight/obese adolescent than those of normal weight, and the pattern remain unchanged. HBP prevalence declined significantly, especially among overweight/obese adolescent that are not completely explained by sociodemographic or lifestyle characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: qay0@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Quanhe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Yuna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cogswell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult