title: Aqueous extraction of pectin from sour orange peel and its preliminary physicochemical properties.
abstract: Sour orange peel, a by-product of the fruit juice industry, was used as a source of pectin. The effects of temperature (75-95°C), time (30-90 min), and liquid-solid ratio (20-40, v/w) were investigated on yield, methoxylation degree (DE), and galacturonic acid content using a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. The highest extraction yield (17.95 ± 0.3%) was obtained at temperature of 95°C, time of 90 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 25 (v/w). The DE values for the pectin ranged from 17% to 30.5%, indicating that the pectin was low in methoxyle. The emulsifying activity of pectin extracted under optimal conditions was 45%. The emulsions were 86.6% stable at 4°C and 71.4% at 23°C after 30 days of storage. The pectin exhibited Newtonian flow at low concentrations (≤ 1.0%, w/v); as the concentration increased, pseudoplastic flow became dominant.
authors.affiliation: Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Saeid
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran. Electronic address: khodaiyan@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khodaiyan
authors.affiliation: Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Saeid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yarmand
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007819:galacturonic acid; D010368:Pectins
keywords: Pectin; Response surface methodology; Sour orange peel