title: Inequalities of Income and Inequalities of Longevity: A Cross-Country Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of market income inequality (income inequality before taxes and transfers) and income redistribution via taxes and transfers on inequality in longevity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used life tables to compute Gini coefficients of longevity inequality for all individuals and for individuals who survived to at least 10 years of age. We regressed longevity inequality on market income inequality and income redistribution, and we controlled for potential confounders, in a cross-sectional time-series sample of up to 28 predominantly Western developed countries and up to 37 years (1974-2011).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Income inequality before taxes and transfers was positively associated with inequality in the number of years lived; income redistribution (the difference between market income inequality and income inequality after taxes and transfers were accounted for) was negatively associated with longevity inequality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the extent that our estimated effects derived from observational data are causal, governments can reduce longevity inequality not only via public health policies, but also via their influence on market income inequality and the redistribution of incomes from the relatively rich to the relatively poor.
authors.affiliation: Eric Neumayer is with the Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Thomas Plümper is with the Department of Socioeconomics, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.affiliation: Eric Neumayer is with the Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Thomas Plümper is with the Department of Socioeconomics, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Plümper
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D016208:Databases, Factual; D059066:Gross Domestic Product / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008136:Longevity; D011203:Poverty; D011640:Public Policy