title: Apically extruded debris during root canal preparation using Vortex Blue, K3XF, ProTaper Next and Reciproc instruments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the amount of debris extruded apically during root canal preparation using various nickel-titanium instrumentation systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 teeth for each group). The canals were then instrumented with the following instrument systems: Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), K3XF (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA), Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 °C for 5 days. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey's post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vortex Blue and PTN files were associated with significantly less apically extruded debris than the K3XF and Reciproc files (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the VB and PTN files or between the K3XF and Reciproc files (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All instruments were associated with apical extrusion of debris. VB and PTN files were associated with less debris extrusion compared to the other systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Topçuoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akpek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Topçuoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Ulusan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aktı
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Düzgün
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ağırnaslıgil
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D003762:Dental Instruments; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery
keywords: K3XF; Vortex Blue; canal preparation; debris extrusion