title: Upregulated CDK16 Expression in Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As CDK-16 has been shown to be upregulated in several transformed cancer lines, we hypothesized that the cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK-16) may be upregulated in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. Therefore, we comparatively examined the mRNA and protein expression of CDK-16 in samples resected from serous EOC patients and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples were collected from 70 serous EOC patients and 40 normal controls. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess mRNA expression. CDK-16 protein expression was assessed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical staining. Differences in mRNA and protein expression between serous EOC cells and normal tissue cells were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CDK-16 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in serous EOC tumor cells as compared to normal control ovarian cells (p<0.01). Although there was no significant correlation between CDK-16 mRNA expression and serous EOC stage (p=0.0794), there was a significant correlation between CDK-16 mRNA expression and serous EOC grade (p<0.0001). Moreover, there were significant correlations between CDK-16 protein expression and serous EOC stage (p<0.0001) and grade (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDK-16 upregulation in serous EOC cells may represent a negative feedback loop to promote ovarian cell differentiation in malignantly-transformed serous EOC cells. Further in-depth investigation on CDK-16's role in serous EOC is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Yanni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000378:metabolism*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018401:Sample Size; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; C089463:PCTAIRE-1 protein kinase