title: [Effect of simulated microgravity on erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and the mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of simulated microgravity on erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and explore the possible mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fourth generation rotating cell culture system was used to generate the simulated microgravity environment. Benzidine staining was used to evaluate the cell inhibition rate, and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect GATA-1, GATA-2, Ets-1, F-actin, β-Tubulin and vimentin mRNA expressions. The changes of cytoskeleton were observed by fluorescence microscopy, and Western blotting was employed to assay F-actin, β-tubulin and vimentin protein expression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Benzidine staining showed that simulated microgravity inhibited erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. K562 cells treated with Hemin presented with increased mRNA expression of GATA-1 and reduced GATA-2 and Ets-1 mRNA expressions. Simulated microgravity treatment of the cells resulted in down-regulated GATA-1, F-actin, β-tubulin and vimentin mRNA expressions and up-regulated mRNA expressions of GATA-2 and Ets-1, and reduced F-actin, β-tubulin and vimentin protein expressions. Exposure to simulated microgravity caused decreased fluorescence intensities of cytoskeletal filament F-actin, β-tubulin and vimentin in the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simulated microgravity inhibits erythroid differentiation of K562 cells possibly by causing cytoskeleton damages to result in down-regulation of GATA-1 and up-regulation of GATA-2 and Ets-1 expressions.
authors.affiliation: Huiqiao Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China . E-mail: wb821814671@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiu-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chun-Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Jia-Qiong
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Bao-Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ping
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006427:Hemin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C494041:ETS1 protein, human; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; C494711:GATA2 protein, human; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D014404:Tubulin; D014746:Vimentin; D006427:Hemin