title: Effects of a Large-Scale Unconditional Cash Transfer Program on Mental Health Outcomes of Young People in Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the causal effect of Kenya's unconditional cash transfer program on mental health outcomes of young people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected locations in Kenya were randomly assigned to receive unconditional cash transfers in the first phase of Kenya's Cash Transfer Program for orphans and Vulnerable Children. In intervention locations, low-income households and those with orphans and vulnerable childrens began receiving monthly cash transfers of $20 in 2007. In 2011, 4 years after program onset, data were collected on the psychosocial status for youth aged 15-24 years from households in intervention and control locations (N = 1960). The primary outcome variable was an indicator of depressive symptoms using the 10-question Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Secondary outcomes include an indicator for hopefulness and physical health measures. Logistic regression models that adjusted for individual and household characteristics were used to determine the effect of the cash transfer program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cash transfer reduced the odds of depressive symptoms by 24 percent among young persons living in households that received cash transfers. Further analysis by gender and age revealed that the effects were only significant for young men and were larger among men aged 20-24 years and orphans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that poverty-targeted unconditional cash transfer programs, can improve the mental health of young people in low-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center and Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Electronic address: kkilburn@live.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kilburn
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center and Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Harsha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thirumurthy
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center and Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Carolyn Tucker
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center and Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pettifor
authors.affiliation: Carolina Population Center and Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; UNICEF Office of Research, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Sudhanshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000191:economics*; D054540:Child, Orphaned; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000191:economics*; D011203:Poverty / Q000191:economics*; D011632:Public Assistance / Q000191:economics; D011897:Random Allocation; D012737:Sex Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescent mental health; Cash transfers; Kenya