title: Examining Smoking Dependence Motives among African American Light Smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite smoking fewer cigarettes per day, African American smokers have greater difficulty quitting compared to Caucasian smokers. Further elucidating the impact of smoking motivations on smoking behavior would contribute to understanding the factors that maintain smoking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the factor structure of a brief assessment examining smoking dependence motives among a sample of African American light smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized smoking cessation trial involving 540 participants. Results were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a randomly split EFA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from the initial EFA analysis produced an 8-factor model, explaining 69% of the variation in responses. The overall Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) was 0.88 with item level MSA ranging 0.68-0.94 across the 30 items. Results from the randomly split EFA replicated the findings of the original EFA; with the exception of the item "I smoke within the first 30 minutes of awakening in the morning".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypothesis of a multidimensional approach to conceptualizing nicotine dependence, and provide information regarding characteristics of nicotine dependence in African American light smokers which may be helpful in identifying targets for cessation treatment in this population of smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA.
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bronars
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA ; Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA.
authors.forename: Babalola
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faseru
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krebill
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA.
authors.forename: Tricia M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55414 USA ; Center for Health Equity, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55414 USA.
authors.forename: Kolawole S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Okuyemi
authors.affiliation: Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55414 USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA ; Center for Health Equity, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55414 USA.
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160 USA.
authors.forename: Lisa Sanderson
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cox