title: Cross-cultural validation of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire in vascular amputees fitted with prostheses in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lack of specific prosthetic-related outcome instruments for Spanish amputees must be addressed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elaborate a culturally equivalent version of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire in the Spanish language.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-cultural questionnaire validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-step process for cultural adaptation: forward and backward translations of English original and Spanish translated versions; assessment of both construct and criterion validity and reliability in a group of vascular amputees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 61 patients were recruited, 44 men (72.1%) and 17 women (27.9%), with a median age of 71.1 years (standard deviation: 7.7 years; range: 51-87 years). In the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Spanish, the lowest scores were for gait and frustration, and the highest scores were for noise and stump health. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was acceptable (>0.70) for four of the scales used in the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire but poor (<0.50) for the scales relating to appearance and stump health. Correlations with the quality-of-life levels as measured by the Short Form-36 were positive and mostly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Spanish could assess the quality of life in patients who have undergone vascular amputations and then been fitted with a prosthetic limb. The questionnaire shows adequate criteria validity when compared with other instruments for measuring quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Spanish could be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing adaptation to prostheses in vascular amputees. The questionnaire adds information relevant to the patient and the physician and may identify cases with poor expected adaptation to the prosthesis.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Lluis Alcanyis, Xativa, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Benavent
authors.affiliation: Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Celedonia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Igual
authors.affiliation: Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Hospital Lluis Alcanyis, Xativa, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Valencian School for Health Studies (EVES), Valencia, Spain Tenias_jma@gva.es.
authors.forename: Jose Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tenias
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000523:psychology*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D014652:Vascular Diseases
keywords: Rehabilitation of prostheses users; rehabilitation psychology