title: Boerhaave Syndrome, Pneumothorax, and Chylothorax in a Critically Ill Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
abstract: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant, variably expressed multisystem disease. The predominant pulmonary features of TSC are identical to those of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Pneumothorax, multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia, and chylothorax are rare complications of TSC. We report a young male with pneumothorax, lung nodules, and chylous effusion who developed empyema thoracis after esophageal rupture. Hospital course was complicated by respiratory failure. Family opted to transfer to hospice care. Chylothorax is a rare complication of TSC with few scattered reports mostly in female patients. Patients with TSC are usually managed by multispecialists and it is important to be aware of the rare pulmonary manifestations of this disease. A male patient with TSC having lung nodules presenting with chylothorax and empyema thoracis from Boerhaave syndrome makes our case unique.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
authors.forename: Mohsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, NY 10025, USA.
authors.forename: Arsalan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafiq
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY 10457, USA.
authors.forename: Sindhaghatta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venkatram
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY 10457, USA.
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diaz-Fuentes