title: Differential development of oil granulomas induced by pristane injection in galectin-3 deficient mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galectin-3 is known to be a lectin that plays an important role in inflammatory processes, acting as pro-inflammatory mediator in activation and migration of neutrophils and macrophages, as well as in the phagocytic function of these cells. The injection of mineral oils into the peritoneal cavity of mice, such as 2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane), induce a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction which is rich in macrophages, B cells and peritoneal plasma cells known as oil granuloma. In addition, this inflammatory microenvironment provided by oil granulomas is also an important site of plasmacytoma induction, which are dependent on cytokine production and cellular mobilization. Here, we have analyzed the role of galectin-3 in inflammatory cells mobilization and organization after pristane injection characterizing granulomatous reaction through the formation of oil granulomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In galectin-3 deficient mice (gal-3(-/-)), the mobilization of inflammatory cells, between peritoneal cavity and bone marrow, was responsible for the formation of disorganized oil granulomas, which presented scattered cells, large necrotic areas and low amounts of extracellular matrix. The production of inflammatory cytokines partially explained the distribution of cells through peritoneal cavity, since high levels of IL-6 in gal-3(-/-) mice led to drastically reduction of B1 cells. The previous pro-inflammatory status of these animals also explains the excess of cell death and disruption of oil granulomas architecture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate, for the first time, that the disruption in the inflammatory cells migration in the absence of galectin-3 is a crucial event in the formation and organization of oil granulomas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Programa de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. camilabrandc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Programa de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. thayth.pc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thayse Pinheiro
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Radiofarmácia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas Nucleares (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil. emerson.bernardes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Emerson Soares
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental-LIM24, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. camilalongomachado@gmail.com.|Laboratório de Investigação Médica Radioisótopos-LIM43, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. camilalongomachado@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Camila Maria Longo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomineralização, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. andrade@histo.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Leonardo Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. rchammas@lim24.fm.usp.br.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chammas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Programa de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. felipeleitedeoliveira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Felipe Leite
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Programa de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. marcia@histo.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Márcia Cury
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: El-Cheikh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000172:deficiency*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007267:Injections; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D037502:Galectin 3; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D013729:Terpenes; C009042:pristane; D008899:Mineral Oil