title: Ecotoxicity of bisphenol A to Caenorhabditis elegans by multigenerational exposure and variations of stress response in vivo across generations.
abstract: In order to understand how bisphenol A (BPA) exposure acts on the evolutionary dynamics of populations and changes of stress response across generations, the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans was used to conduct the multigenerational testing. Multiple endpoints at the physiological (growth, reproduction, and locomotion behaviors) and molecular (stress-related gene expressions) levels were examined by multigenerational exposure to low-concentration BPA (0.001-10 μM) across four generations. The results showed that changes of physiological-level effects across four generations varied in magnitude and direction, depending on the exposure concentrations. C. elegans individuals in the first generation grew smaller, moved slower, and produced less offsprings than the controls by BPA exposure. As for each trait tested, the first generation response could be commonly mirrored in the subsequent generations at the highest concentration of 10 μM. However, at lower concentrations, response of parental generation was a relatively poor predictor of the effects on progeny, as acclimation or cumulative damage could occur in the subsequent generations. The integrated gene expression profiles visually illustrated that the tested gene expressions at low concentrations (0.001-0.01 μM) were more obviously changed in both G1 and G4 generations, and the G1 generation showed a much greater degree of increase in stress-related gene expressions than the G4 generation. The multigenerational toxicity data emphasize the need of considering biological effects over multiple generations to conduct accurate assessment of environmental risks of toxicants on population dynamics.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Wastes and Soil Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China. Electronic address: huili@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong-di
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China. Electronic address: kflin@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kuang-fei
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016014:Linear Models; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Caenorhabditis elegans; Environmental risks; Multigenerational exposure; Multigenerational toxicity response