title: Early Predictors of Ten-Year Course in First-Episode Psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identifying patients at risk of poor outcome at an early stage of illness can aid in treatment planning. This study sought to create a best-fit statistical model of known baseline and early-course risk factors to predict time in psychosis during a ten-year follow-up period after a first psychotic episode.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2000, 301 patients with DSM-IV nonorganic, nonaffective first-episode psychosis were recruited consecutively from catchment area-based sectors in Norway and Denmark. Specialized mental health personnel evaluated patients at baseline, three months, and one, two, five, and ten years (N=186 at ten years). Time in psychosis was defined as time with scores ≥4 on any of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale items P1, P3, P5, P6, and G9. Evaluations were retrospective, based on clinical interviews and all available clinical information. During the first two years, patients were also evaluated by their clinicians at least biweekly. Baseline and early-course predictors of long-term course were identified with linear mixed-model analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four variables provided significant, additive predictions of longer time in psychosis during the ten-year follow-up: deterioration in premorbid social functioning, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) of ≥26 weeks, core schizophrenia spectrum disorder, and no remission within three months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-episode psychosis patients should be followed carefully after the start of treatment. If symptoms do not remit within three months with adequate treatment, there is a considerable risk of a poor long-term outcome, particularly for patients with a deterioration in premorbid social functioning, a DUP of at least half a year, and a diagnosis within the core schizophrenia spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Melle
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Jan Olav
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Johannessen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Jan Ivar
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Røssberg
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Helene Eidsmo
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Barder
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Julie Horgen
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Evensen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haahr
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Wenche
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ten Velden Hegelstad
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joa
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langeveld
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Tor Ketil
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opjordsmoen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Bjørn Rishovd
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rund
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Per Wiggen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Vaglum
authors.affiliation: Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are with the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, and Dr. Barder is with the Women and Children's Division, all at Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e-mail: svein.friis@medisin.uio.no ). Dr. Friis, Dr. Melle, and Dr. Røssberg are also with the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, where Dr. Evensen and Dr. Opjordsmoen are affiliated. Dr. Evensen is also with the Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospitals, Oslo. Dr. Johannessen, Dr. ten Velden Hegelstad, Dr. Joa, Dr. Langeveld, and Dr. Larsen are with the Division of Psychiatry, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Dr. Johannessen and Dr. Joa are also with the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger. Dr. Larsen is also with the Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dr. Haahr is with the Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Haahr is also with the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where Dr. Simonsen is affiliated. Dr. Simonsen is also with the Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark. Dr. Rund is with the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and with the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway. Dr. Vaglum is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo. Dr. McGlashan is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011379:Prognosis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012074:Remission Induction; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D066107:Social Skills; D013997:Time Factors