title: Analysis of Risk Factors for Intraoperative Conversion of Laparoscopic Myomectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) and abdominal myomectomy (AM) at a high-volume tertiary care hospital, to evaluate the risk of conversion during LM, and to analyze the associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent LM and AM in a tertiary academic center in Boston, Massachusetts between 2009 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes. Robot-assisted laparoscopy was considered a subtype of LM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 966 patients underwent myomectomy during the study period, including 731 LM cases (75.67%) and 235 AM cases (24.33%). Compared with patients undergoing LM, those undergoing AM had more myomas removed and heavier specimens (mean number of myomas, 12.60 vs 3.54, p ≤ .001; mean weight, 592.75 g vs 263.4 g, p ≤ .001). Conversion was necessary in 8 LM cases (1.09%). All conversions were reactive in nature and were associated with greater blood loss (mean, 1381.25 vs 167.95 mL; p ≤ .001) and longer hospital stay (mean, 3.13 vs 0.55 days; p ≤ .001) compared with cases without conversion. Factors associated with conversion included both the number and the weight of myomas removed (mean number, 9.75 vs 3.48, p = .003; mean weight, 667.9 vs 259.25 g, p = .015), especially with myomas weighing >500 g (odds ratio = 8.551; p = .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of conversion for LM was low (1.09%) in this cohort, and was associated both with the number and the weight of myomas removed. LM is a feasible approach for surgical management of myomas in the majority of cases; however, when myomas are expected to weigh >500 g, it may be prudent to consider referring those cases to specialized centers with highly experienced teams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelien M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Bio Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank Willem
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: jeinarsson@partners.org.
authors.forename: Jon I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Einarsson
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D061887:Conversion to Open Surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000601:surgery*; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D063186:Uterine Myomectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Conversion rate; Laparoscopic myomectomy