title: Particle size and chemical constituents of ambient particulate pollution associated with cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou, China.
abstract: Though significant associations between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and cardiovascular diseases have been widely reported, it remains unclear what characteristics, such as particle size and chemical constituents, may be responsible for the effects. A time-series model was applied to examine the cardiovascular effects of particle size (for the period of 2009-2011) and chemical constituents (2007-2010) in Guangzhou, we controlled for potential confounders in the model, such as time trends, day of the week, public holidays, meteorological factors and influenza epidemic. We found significant associations of cardiovascular mortality with PM10, PM2.5 and PM1; the excess risk (ER) was 6.10% (95% CI: 1.76%, 10.64%), 6.11% (95% CI: 1.76%, 10.64%) and 6.48% (95% CI: 2.10%, 11.06%) for per IQR increase in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 at moving averages for the current day and the previous 3 days (lag03), respectively. We did not find significant effects of PM2.5-10 and PM1-2.5. For PM2.5 constituents, we found that organic carbon, elemental carbon, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, the corresponding ER for an IQR concentration increase at lag03 was 1.13% (95% CI: 0.10%, 2.17%), 2.77% (95% CI: 0.72%, 4.86%), 2.21% (95% CI: 1.05%, 3.38%), 1.98% (95% CI: 0.54%, 3.44%), and 3.38% (95% CI: 1.56%, 5.23%), respectively. These results were robust to adjustment of other air pollutants and they remained consistent in various sensitivity analyses by changing model parameters. Our study suggests that PM1 and constituents from combustion and secondary aerosols might be important characteristics of PM pollution associated with cardiovascular mortality in Guangzhou.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hualiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Weather Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yaodong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Linwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Lingchuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Weilin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jianpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: mawj@gdiph.org.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Cardiovascular mortality; Chemical constituents; China; Particle size; Particulate matter air pollution