title: Metabolite Profiling and Comparison of Bioactivity in Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia salmonea Fruiting Bodies.
abstract: Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible mushroom endemic to Taiwan that has been claimed to have significant health promotion activities. Antrodia salmonea is a new species of the genus Antrodia. In this study, we compared the metabolites and bioactivity of A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea fruiting bodies. The volatiles of A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea were characterized and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde was found to be the most abundant compound in A. cinnamomea; the other abundant compounds were δ-guaiene, isolongifolene, 1-octen-3-ol, 4-terpinenol, α-guaiene, and p-cymene. In A. salmonea, the main volatiles were α-cedrene, 1-octen-3-ol, D-limonene, cadinadiene, germacrene D, isolongifolene, and α-muurolene. Furthermore, five ergostane-type triterpenoids and two lanostane-type triterpenoids were selected as index compounds characterizing A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea extracts. The content of each compound varied between the two species. (R,S)-antcin B was the most abundant compound in A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies (75.18 ± 0.11 µg/mg). However, (R,S)-antcin C (184.85 ± 0.96 µg/mg) was the major triterpenoid in the A. salmonea fruiting body. Furthermore, two compounds, antcin M and methyl antcinate K, were only present in the A. salmonea fingerprint; therefore, antcin M and methyl antcinate K may be important for distinguishing between A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea fruiting bodies. Finally, examination of anti-inflammation activity and cytotoxicity showed that A. salmonea had more anti-inflammatory activity than A. cinnamomea; however, A. salmonea was more cytotoxic than A. cinnamomea. In conclusion, the composition and bioactivity of the fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea and A. salmonea varies. Therefore, it is recommended that further toxicological evaluation and investigation of the biological activity of A. salmonea is carried out to ensure its safe and efficacious use as an alternative to A. cinnamomea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Experimental Forest Management Office, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nai-Wen
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiem-Sing
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fang-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D013045:Species Specificity; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal