title: Pineal parenchymal tumours of intermediate differentiation - An evidence-based review of a new pathological entity.
abstract: Pineal region lesions are uncommon, and pineal parenchymal tumours (PPT) account for 20-30% of tumours in this area of which pineocytomas (PCs) and pineoblastomas (PBs) are more prevalent. In 2007, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reclassified PPT from two subgroups (PC and PB) into four, including pineal parenchymal tumours of intermediate differentiation (PPTID). PPTID have been further divided into low- and high-grade lesions (WHO II and III), but due to their rarity have proven difficult lesions to diagnose and a paucity of literature means their optimal treatment options are a challenge to define. This article is a review of the literature of PPTID highlighting diagnostic criteria, a discussion on the role of surgery and radiotherapy, including treatment paradigms and reported outcomes for these problematic neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Amato-Watkins
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neuropathology , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK.|c Department of Pathology , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lammie
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayhurst
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leach
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010871:Pinealoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: Immunohistochemistry; neoplasm; neurosurgery; radiotherapy