title: Conchal compression: is it a new syndrome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the diagnostic criteria and treatments of concha compression syndrome (CCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who reported at least 3 times rhinosinusitis attacks per year were considered in this study. All patients met the diagnosis criteria of rhinosinusitis based on clinical history, showed a nasal septal spur compressing concha on their endoscopic examination and had no findings of rhinosinusitis on their paranasal sinus CT scans but showed concha ondularis. These patients were recognized as suffering from CCS and consequently were surgically treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  85 patients diagnosed with CCS were included in this study. 25 of the patients were classified as middle, 53 as inferior and 7 as both middle and inferior CCS. Septal spur removal was performed on 16 of the patients whereas the remaining 69 patients received spur removal with septoplasty. After surgery, most of patients' symptoms improved clinically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance and the necessity of further investigations into this newly-defined syndrome in the differential diagnosis of rhino-neurogenic symptoms is made clear by this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutluhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Göztepe Medical Park Hospital Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bozdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif Ersoy
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Callioglu
keywords: Concha compression; concha ondularis; headache; nasal septal deviation; rhinosinusitis