title: No data, no problem, no action: parenting programs in low-income countries. Making the social-emotional outcomes more visible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenting programs are delivered in many low income countries in an effort to address the effects of insufficient cognitive stimulation, major social-emotional risk factors related to inadequate caregiver sensitivity and responsiveness, maternal depression, violence and biological risk factors. However, the outcomes of these programs are often untested because of methodological limitations in the existing evaluation tools available for cross-cultural research, and especially those related to social-emotional development and functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study takes an approach that involves organizing data from focus groups collected following caregiver participation in a parenting program, Learning Through Play (LTP) delivered in 11 low income countries. The LTP program has as its aim to increase parent knowledge and influence parental practice regarding the essential components of early development of children aged birth to 6 years. The purpose of systematically organizing focus group data was to illustrate a means by which program developers worldwide can discuss outcomes of program participation, particularly in social-emotional domains that have been overlooked in past studies on parenting programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study suggest that qualitative outcome data can be organized to make the social-emotional outcomes of participation in parenting programs more visible.
authors.affiliation: The Hincks-Dellcrest Centre and the Hincks Dellcrest Institute, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tinajero
authors.affiliation: The Hincks-Dellcrest Centre and the Hincks Dellcrest Institute, Toronto, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: The Hincks-Dellcrest Centre and the Hincks Dellcrest Institute, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ametorwo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D004644:Emotions; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D017144:Focus Groups; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support
keywords: child development; developing countries; low-income countries; parenting; parenting programs; socio-emotional development