title: Anxiety, Depression, and General Psychological Distress in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between psychiatric illness and heart disease has been frequently discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression and overall psychological distress, and coronary slow flow (CSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 44 patients with CSF and a control group of 50 patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA) were prospectively recruited. Clinical data, admission laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic and angiographic characteristics were recorded. Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scales were administered to each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, and atherosclerotic risk factors. In the CSF group, BAI score, BDI score, and general symptom index were significantly higher than controls (13 [18.7] vs. 7.5 [7], p = 0.01; 11 [14.7] vs. 6.5 [7], p = 0.01; 1.76 [0.81] vs. 1.1[0.24], p = 0.01; respectively). Patients with CSF in more than one vessel had the highest test scores. In univariate correlation analysis, mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts were positively correlated with BAI (r = 0.56, p = 0.01), BDI (r = 0.47, p = 0.01), and general symptom index (r = 0.65, p = 0.01). The psychiatric tests were not correlated with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed higher rates of depression, anxiety, and overall psychological distress in patients with CSF. This conclusion warrants further studies.
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Baran
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Karataş
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Şahan
authors.affiliation: aff03, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kazım Serhan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kartal Yavuz Selim Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yiğit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çanga
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Barış
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onuk
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Göktürk
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: İpek
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çakıllı
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arugaslan
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Training, Research Hospital Department of Cardiology, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bolca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*