title: Middle mesial canals in mandibular first molars: A micro-CT study in different populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the morphological aspects of middle mesial canals (MMC) in mandibular first molars using micro-CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mandibular first molars collected from the Brazilian (n=136) and Turkish (n=122) populations were scanned (voxel size: 9.9μm) and mesial roots with MMC (n=48) evaluated regarding several morphological aspects. The incidence of MMC in each population was statistically compared using Chi-square test (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the incidence of MMC was 18.6% (48 out of 258 molars) and was significantly higher in the Brazilian (n=30; 22.1%) than in the Turkish (n=18; 14.8%) population (p<0.05). In both populations, confluent configuration of the MMC was the most frequent anatomy. Most of the specimens with MMC had 3 independent orifices (n=26; 54.2%) and 3 apical foramina (n=21; 43.8%). The mean minor diameter of the MMC orifice (0.16mm) was 3 times less than the other orifices (∼0.50mm). In mesial roots with independent configuration (n=3; 6.3%), the mean volumes (mm(3)) of the MMC, mesiobuccal (MBC) and mesiolingual (MLC) canals were 0.20±0.10, 0.75±0.28, and 0.88±0.19, respectively. In the specimens with canal confluence (n=26; 54.2%), MMC merged to the MBC (n=8; 16.7%), MLC (n=4; 8.3%), or to both MBC and MLC (n=14; 29.2%). Double mesial canal was observed in only 1 specimen. MMC with an independent foramen was observed mostly in Brazilian specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of MMC was higher in the Brazilian molars. Confluent configuration was the most prevalent anatomic variation, while independent and fin configurations, as well as, double MMC, were found only in a few specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: marcoversiani@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Versiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Av. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75, Vila Universitária, CEP 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordinola-Zapata
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 55139 Kurupelit-Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keleş
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 55139 Kurupelit-Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Av. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75, Vila Universitária, CEP 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clóvis Monteiro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesus Djalma
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pécora
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoel Damião
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sousa-Neto
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014421:Turkey; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Mandibular molar; Micro-CT; Middle mesial canal; Root canal anatomy