title: Jumpstarting auditory learning in children with cochlear implants through music experiences.
abstract: Musical experiences are a valuable part of the lives of children with cochlear implants (CIs). In addition to the pleasure, relationships and emotional outlet provided by music, it serves to enhance or 'jumpstart' other auditory and cognitive skills that are critical for development and learning throughout the lifespan. Musicians have been shown to be 'better listeners' than non-musicians with regard to how they perceive and process sound. A heuristic model of music therapy is reviewed, including six modulating factors that may account for the auditory advantages demonstrated by those who participate in music therapy. The integral approach to music therapy is described along with the hybrid approach to pediatric language intervention. These approaches share the characteristics of placing high value on ecologically valid therapy experiences, i.e., engaging in 'real' music and 'real' communication. Music and language intervention techniques used by the authors are presented. It has been documented that children with CIs consistently have lower music perception scores than do their peers with normal hearing (NH). On the one hand, this finding matters a great deal because it provides parameters for setting reasonable expectations and highlights the work still required to improve signal processing with the devices so that they more accurately transmit music to CI listeners. On the other hand, the finding might not matter much if we assume that music, even in its less-than-optimal state, functions for CI children, as for NH children, as a developmental jumpstarter, a language-learning tool, a cognitive enricher, a motivator, and an attention enhancer.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Amy McConkey
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D001307:Auditory Perception; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000523:psychology; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003071:Cognition; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Children; Cochlear Implants; Intervention; Language Development; Learning; Music; Pediatrics; Perception