title: Correlation of pressure and displacement during gingival displacement: An in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although numerous gingival displacement materials are available, information is limited regarding the pressures that can atraumatically produce sufficient gingival displacement for a successful impression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure pressure and the resulting movement of artificial gingiva during simulated gingival displacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  An idealized tooth model was made from acrylic resin and polyvinyl siloxane to simulate the free gingiva, sulcus, and attachment. The pressure and displacement achieved by 3 materials (Expasyl, Expasyl New, and KnitTrax Cord) were measured. A stereoscopic digital measuring microscope was used to quantify the space generated by the displacement material. A pressure gauge was used to measure the corresponding pressures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injection of Expasyl resulted in a displacement distance of 1.31 mm, Expasyl New 1.07 mm, and KnitTrax Cord 0.85 mm, which are within acceptable clinical parameters. The correlation between pressure and gap showed that Expasyl and Expasyl New behaved similarly, while KnitTrax Cord was different. Expasyl, Expasyl New, and KnitTrax Cord all had maximum pressures that would be considered atraumatic to the epithelial attachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in pressure resulted in an increase in displacement for the 2 paste materials. However, contrary to expectation, displacement decreased as pressure increased for the cord material.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: vincent.bennani@stonebow.otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bennani
authors.affiliation: Senior Teaching Fellow, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schumayer
mesh_terms: D004846:Epithelial Attachment; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D060745:Gingival Retraction Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D003765:Models, Dental; D014160:Transducers, Pressure