title: Characteristics of adenovirus urethritis among heterosexual men and men who have sex with men: a review of clinical cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical features of adenovirus urethritis in men and to compare the frequency of these between heterosexual men and men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a review of the clinical and laboratory information from men diagnosed with PCR-confirmed adenovirus urethritis at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between January 2006 and April 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  102 adenovirus urethritis cases were reported, among which 61 were heterosexual men and 41 MSM. Eighty-nine per cent (n=91) had signs of meatitis or conjunctivitis: 51% had meatitis only; 32% meatitis together with conjunctivitis and 6% with conjunctivitis only. The distribution of symptoms and signs was similar among heterosexual men and MSM (p values >0.1). Adenovirus was the sole pathogen found in 93% of cases, excluding gonorrhoea, chlamydia, Mycoplasma genitalium and herpes simplex virus. Only 37% had ≥5 polymorphs per high-power field from a urethral smear. Where samples were still available for adenoviral sequencing (n=20), all were subgroup D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical features of adenovirus urethritis in men can be distinctive and aid diagnosis, distinguishing it from other treatable causes of male urethritis.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Geethani R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Samaraweera
authors.affiliation: Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Druce
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Catriona S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fairley
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Eric Pf
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Denham
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy R H
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Marcus Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014521:Urethra / Q000821:virology; D014526:Urethritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C018315:hexon capsid protein, Adenovirus
keywords: MEN; NGU; URETHRITIS