title: Tonsillitis in children: unnecessary laboratory studies and antibiotic use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Finnish Current Care Guidelines on diagnostics and treatment of sore throat recommend the treatment of only group A streptococcus (GAS) positive cases with penicillin. The aim of the study was to evaluate how these guidelines are followed in the pediatric emergency unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed retrospectively the data on microbiological studies and blood tests done, and data on prescribing of antibiotics, of 200 children admitted for febrile exudative tonsillitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the clinical diagnosis of exudative tonsillitis, antigen test and/or culture for GAS identification was done in >95% of cases. All the 32 (16%) children with GAS infection, but also 52 (38%) of the 137 children without any evidence of bacterial infection received antibiotics. Additional laboratory studies were done in 96% of children. Serum C-reactive concentrations or white blood cell counts were not able to separate streptococcal from non-streptococcal tonsillitis. No serious bacterial infection was diagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Finnish Current Care Guidelines lead to over-treatment with antibiotics. None of the 200 children returned after discharge, suggesting that undertreatment did not happen.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Research Center, Tampere University and Univesity Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunnamo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Research Center, Tampere University and Univesity Hospital, Tampere, Finland. matti.korppi@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korppi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Research Center, Tampere University and Univesity Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helminen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: exudative tonsillitis; streptococcal antigen test; streptococcal culture