title: Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia.
abstract: Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are gastric mucosal lesions that mostly present as chronic anemia and rarely cause the acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Despite similar clinical manifestations, their pathophysiology and management are entirely different. PHG is seen exclusively in patients with portal hypertension, but GAVE can also be observed in patients with other conditions. Their diagnosis is endoscopic, and although generally each of them has a characteristic endoscopic appearance and distribution, there are cases in which the differential is difficult and must rely on histology. This review focuses on the management of both entities. The mainstay of management of PHG is based on portal-hypotensive pharmacological treatment while GAVE benefits from hormonal therapy, endoscopic Nd:YAG laser, and argon plasma coagulation. More invasive options should be reserved for refractory cases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver and Biliary Disease, Indra Prastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India. drhitendragarg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hitendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver and Biliary Disease, Indra Prastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver and Biliary Disease, Indra Prastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver and Biliary Disease, Indra Prastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India.|Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indra Prastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110 076, India.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Broor
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057908:Argon Plasma Coagulation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020252:Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Argon plasma coagulation; Liver disease; Portal hypertension