title: Characterizing exercise-induced feelings after one bout of exercise among adolescents with and without bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise may be a practical, non-pharmacological strategy for symptom and health management for adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescents with BD experience changes in exercise-induced feelings from one bout of exercise similar to their otherwise healthy peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two adolescents with BD (Age (SD)=16.91 (1.4)) and 31 healthy adolescents (Age (SD)=15.68 (1.76)) completed the Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory (EFI) before and after a 20-min bout of moderate intensity exercise (heart rate goal of 60-80% of the age estimated maximum [220 - 0.7*age]) on a cycle ergometer. Repeated-Measures ANCOVA was conducted on the four EFI subscales, controlling for age and BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant between-group differences on any subscales. An increase in Physical Exhaustion was of negligible effect size in both groups (BD: d=0.05;
  
  
  METHODS
  d=0.16). There was an improvement in Revitalization (BD: d=0.49;
  
  
  METHODS
  d=0.61) and a reduction in Tranquility (BD: d=-0.33;
  
  
  METHODS
  d=-0.29) post-exercise of moderate and small effect size, respectively. The control group reported an increase in Positive Engagement that was of small-to-medium effect size, (d=0.41) with negligible change in the BD group (d=0.17). Healthy adolescents reported a significantly greater tolerance for high intensity exercise than adolescents with BD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotions were only assessed at two time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with BD experience similar exercise-induced emotional benefits as their healthy peers. Experimental research is needed to examine the role of exercise as a strategy to regulate mood-related symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mehala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subramaniapillai
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: MacIntosh
authors.affiliation: Sick Kids Hospital, Canada.
authors.forename: Daphne J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Korczak
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
authors.forename: Antonette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scavone
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arbour-Nicitopoulos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: guy.faulkner@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faulkner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004644:Emotions; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Exercise-induced feelings; Metabolic comorbidities; Mood management