title: "Slow" skeletal muscles across vertebrate species.
abstract: Skeletal muscle fibers are generally classified into two groups: slow (type I) and fast (type II). Fibers in each group are uniquely designed for specific locomotory needs based on their intrinsic cellular properties and the types of motor neurons that innervate them. In this review, we will focus on the current concept of slow muscle fibers which, unlike the originally proposed version based purely on amphibian muscles, varies widely depending on the animal model system studied. We will discuss recent findings from zebrafish neuromuscular junction synapses that may provide the framework for establishing a more unified view of slow muscles across mammalian and non-mammalian species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daikoku
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan.|Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
authors.forename: Fumihito
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7532-5262
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ono
keywords: Acetylcholine receptor; Fast fiber; Muscle; Slow fiber; Synapse; Zebrafish