title: Left Ventricular Systolic Longitudinal Function as Predictor of Outcome in Patients With Sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In sepsis, whether the assessment of left ventricular global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) is feasible and prognostically relevant remains controversial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consecutive patients admitted to a high-dependency observational unit with sepsis or septic shock were evaluated. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) by planimetry and peak GLS by 2D speckle tracking were available at admission in 115 of 149 (77%) patients. Compared with patients included in the study, those excluded (n=34, 23%) showed higher proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P<0.01), but with comparable clinical characteristics and mortality rates. GLS showed lowest variability for low EF and highest for higher EF. By day-28 follow-up, all-cause mortality was 30% (n=34 and n=19 within 7 days from hospitalization). GLS and EF were both more abnormal in deceased than in those alive by day-28 follow-up (both P<0.05, findings consistent using day-7 follow-up data). GLS showed a borderline relationship with mortality by day-28 follow-up (hazard ratio 1.16/%, P=0.05), whereas EF did not (hazard ratio 0.99/%, P=0.63) accounting for age; the lack of association of all-cause mortality with EF was consistent at day-7 follow-up (hazard ratio 0.94/%, P=0.9), whereas more abnormal GLS correlated significantly with higher mortality rate (hazard ratio 1.30/%, P=0.03) independent to age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with sepsis assisted in a high-dependency observational unit, feasibility of assessments of left ventricular EF and GLS within 24 h from the hospitalization was acceptable and EF showed no prognostic relevance, whereas GLS showed a correlation with mortality rate potentially relevant in shorter more than in longer follow-ups.
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Heart and Vessels, SG Moscati National Hospital, Avellino, Italy (V.P.); and Emergency Department-High Dependency Observation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University-Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.I., A.G., E.G., D.V., R.P.). vpalmieri68@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Heart and Vessels, SG Moscati National Hospital, Avellino, Italy (V.P.); and Emergency Department-High Dependency Observation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University-Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.I., A.G., E.G., D.V., R.P.).
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Heart and Vessels, SG Moscati National Hospital, Avellino, Italy (V.P.); and Emergency Department-High Dependency Observation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University-Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.I., A.G., E.G., D.V., R.P.).
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guzzo
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Heart and Vessels, SG Moscati National Hospital, Avellino, Italy (V.P.); and Emergency Department-High Dependency Observation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University-Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.I., A.G., E.G., D.V., R.P.).
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Heart and Vessels, SG Moscati National Hospital, Avellino, Italy (V.P.); and Emergency Department-High Dependency Observation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University-Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.I., A.G., E.G., D.V., R.P.).
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vignaroli
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiology Unit, Department of Heart and Vessels, SG Moscati National Hospital, Avellino, Italy (V.P.); and Emergency Department-High Dependency Observation Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University-Hospital, Florence, Italy (F.I., A.G., E.G., D.V., R.P.).
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality
keywords: echocardiography; infection; mortality; myocardial contractility; septic shock