title: [Trend of dietary nutrient intake among adult females in 9 provinces in China, 2000-2011].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate trend of dietary nutrient intake among adult females in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The changes of dietary energy and major nutrient intake among females aged 25 to 55 years in 9 provinces were analyzed by using the data from Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2000-2011 (CHNS) and indicators of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the past decade, the proportion of females with the intake of energy and protein meeting the requirement of recommendation decreased, while the proportion of females with low carbohydrate (< 50% energy) and high fat (> 30% energy) intakes increased. Meanwhile, the vitamin and mineral intakes among the females were also unsatisfactory, only small proportion of the females met the requirement for micronutrient intake, and this proportion continued to decline. In 2011, the proportion of the females who met the requirements for energy and protein intakes were 43.0% and 54.4%, respectively; the proportion of the females with low carbohydrate and high fat intakes were 40.2% and 63.8%, respectively; the proportion of females who met the requirements for vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E intakes were 25.2%, 10.7%, 6.9%, 54.9%, 24.3% and 88.5% respectively and the proportion of females who met the requirements for calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium intakes were 3.3%, 23.6%, 50.9%, 75.7% and 13.3% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further nutritional education and intervention is needed to improve nutrition status among Chinese females.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Treerly Women's Nutrition and Health Institute.
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Chinese Nutrition Society.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; Email: zzhangb327@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002681:China; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014815:Vitamins; D007501:Iron; D001205:Ascorbic Acid