title: Humane Education in Brazil: Organisation, Challenges and Opportunities.
abstract: Humane education and the debate on alternatives to harmful animal use for training is a relatively recent issue in Brazil. While animal use in secondary education has been illegal since the late 1970s, animal use in higher science education is widespread. However, alternatives to animal experiments in research and testing have recently received attention from the Government, especially after the first legislation on animal experiments was passed, in 2008. This article proposes that higher science education should be based on a critical and humane approach. It outlines the recent establishment of the Brazilian Network for Humane Education (RedEH), as a result of the project, Mapping Animal Use for Undergraduate Education in Brazil, which was recognised by the 2014 Lush Prize. The network aims to create a platform to promote change in science education in Brazil, starting by quantitatively and qualitatively understanding animal use, developing new approaches adapted to the current needs in Brazil and Latin America, and communicating these initiatives nationally. This paper explores the trajectory of alternatives and replacement methods to harmful animal use in training and education, as well as the status of humane education in Brazil, from the point of view of educators and researchers engaged with the network.
authors.affiliation: 1R Institute of Promotion and Research for the Replacement of Animal Experimentation, Poços de Caldas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Róber
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bachinski
authors.affiliation: 1R Institute of Promotion and Research for the Replacement of Animal Experimentation, Poços de Caldas, Brazil and Institute of Science and Technology, Alfenas Federal University, Alfenas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thales
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tréz
authors.affiliation: 1R Institute of Promotion and Research for the Replacement of Animal Experimentation, Poços de Caldas, Brazil and Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gutemberg G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de C M Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da S Alonso
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: International University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Claudia M C
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: João M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Costa Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Higher Education of Campos Gerais, Campos Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valeska R R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: 1R Institute of Promotion and Research for the Replacement of Animal Experimentation, Poços de Caldas, Brazil and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Paixão
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000193:education*; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D006808:Humanism; D006801:Humans