title: A far-field radio-frequency experimental exposure system with unrestrained mice.
abstract: Many studies have been performed on exploring the effects of radio-frequency (RF) energy on biological function in vivo. In particular, gene expression results have been inconclusive due, in part, to a lack of a standardized experimental procedure. This research describes a new far field RF exposure system for unrestrained murine models that reduces experimental error. The experimental procedure includes the materials used, the creation of a patch antenna, the uncertainty analysis of the equipment, characterization of the test room, experimental equipment used and setup, power density and specific absorption rate experiment, and discussion. The result of this research is an experimental exposure system to be applied to future biological studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2480, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA.
authors.forename: Jared W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2480, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA ; Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institution of Information Technology, Attock, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sajid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asif
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2480, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singelmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2480, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA ; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Muhammad Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 USA.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gustad
authors.affiliation: Statistics Consulting Services, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 USA.
authors.forename: Curt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doetkott
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2480, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Braaten
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept 2480, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ewert
keywords: In vivo; Microstrip; Radio-frequency; Specific absorption rate