title: Clinical Importance and Surgical Outcomes of Green Type III Cystocele in Women With Anterior Vaginal Prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical importance and surgical outcomes of Green type III cystocele in women with anterior vaginal prolapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database of 336 women with a Ba point higher than -3 cm on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system was retrospectively reviewed. Investigated data comprised those obtained from a clinical interview, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system, and sonography. Initially, the baseline data between women with (n = 126) and without (n = 210) Green type III cystocele on sonography were compared. Subsequently, 6-month postoperative data between women who had Green type III cystocele on sonography and underwent either anterior colporrhaphy (n = 25) or a Perigee procedure (n = 76) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with Green type III cystocele had symptoms of voiding dysfunction more frequently, stress urinary incontinence less frequently, and more bulging (mean ± SD, 2.7 ± 1.2 versus 1.9 ± 1.5 for women with versus without Green type III cystocele; P = .001), a greater likelihood of stage II or higher cystocele (86.5% versus 60.0% for women with versus without Green type III cystocele; P < .001), as well as more caudodorsal bladder neck and genitohiatal positions and a wider genital hiatus on sonography. Women with Green type III cystocele had a greater likelihood of stage 0 cystocele (64.0% versus 89.5% for anterior colporrhaphy versus Perigee; P< .001) and more ventral bladder neck positions after Perigee procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of Green type III cystocele in women with anterior vaginal prolapse is associated with more functional impairments and anatomic defects. Despite comparable functional outcomes, Perigee procedures provide better anatomic outcomes for the anterior vagina in women with Green type III cystocele than anterior colporrhaphy does in the short term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-C.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (W.-C.H., J.-M.Y.), School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition (S.-H.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital (J-M.Y.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-C.H.).
authors.forename: Wen-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-C.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (W.-C.H., J.-M.Y.), School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition (S.-H.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital (J-M.Y.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-C.H.).
authors.forename: Shwu-Huey
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-C.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (W.-C.H., J.-M.Y.), School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition (S.-H.Y.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital (J-M.Y.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-C.H.). shh09327@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jenn-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D052858:Cystocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Green type III cystocele; anterior colporrhaphy; anterior vaginal prolapse; gynecologic ultrasound; transobturator vaginal mesh procedures