title: Photoinduced Dynamics and Toxicity of a Cancer Drug in Proximity of Inorganic Nanoparticles under Visible Light.
abstract: Drug sensitization with various inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has proved to be a promising and an emergent concept in the field of nanomedicine. Rose bengal (RB), a notable photosensitizer, triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species under green-light irradiation, and consequently, it induces cytotoxicity and cell death. In the present study, the effect of photoinduced dynamics of RB upon complexation with semiconductor zinc oxide NPs is explored. To accomplish this, we successfully synthesized nanohybrids of RB with ZnO NPs with a particle size of 24 nm and optically characterized them. The uniform size and integrity of the particles were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. UV/Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence studies reveal the formation of the nanohybrids. ultrafast picosecond-resolved fluorescence studies of RB-ZnO nanohybrids demonstrate an efficient electron transfer from the photoexcited drug to the semiconductor NPs. Picosecond-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer from ZnO NPs to RB unravel the proximity of the drug to the semiconductor at the molecular level. The photoinduced ROS formation was monitored using a dichlorofluorescin oxidation assay, which is a conventional oxidative stress indicator. It is observed that the ROS generation under green light illumination is greater at low concentrations of RB-ZnO nanohybrids compared with free RB. Substantial photodynamic activity of the nanohybrids in bacterial and fungal cell lines validated the in vitro toxicity results. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the nanohybrids in HeLa cells, which was monitored by MTT assay, is also noteworthy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India.
authors.forename: Siddhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India.
authors.forename: Samim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sardar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India.
authors.forename: Damayanti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India.
authors.forename: Shreyasi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector I, Block AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.
authors.forename: Sushanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debnath
authors.affiliation: Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector I, Block AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 3, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098, India. skpal@bose.res.in.
authors.forename: Samir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012666:Semiconductors; D013499:Surface Properties; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012395:Rose Bengal; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: FRET; drug delivery; nanoparticles; photochemistry; reactive oxygen species (ROS)