title: Dysregulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in cancer.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway resulting in constitutively active Nrf2 and increased expression of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes, has a pivotal role in cancer. Cancer cells are able to hijack the Keap1-Nrf2 system via multiple mechanisms leading to enhanced chemo- and radio-resistance and proliferation via metabolic reprogramming as well as inhibition of apoptosis. In this mini-review, we will describe the mechanisms leading to increased Nrf2 activity in cancer with a focus on the information achieved from large-scale multi-omics projects across various cancer types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kansanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pölönen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinäniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland anna-liisa.levonen@uef.fi.
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Levonen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C431364:KEAP1 protein, human; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human
keywords: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1); The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA); cancer; genome; nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); oxidative stress