title: Breeding schemes for the implementation of genomic selection in wheat (Triticum spp.).
abstract: In the last decade the breeding technology referred to as 'genomic selection' (GS) has been implemented in a variety of species, with particular success in animal breeding. Recent research shows the potential of GS to reshape wheat breeding. Many authors have concluded that the estimated genetic gain per year applying GS is several times that of conventional breeding. GS is, however, a new technology for wheat breeding and many programs worldwide are still struggling to identify the best strategy for its implementation. This article provides practical guidelines on the key considerations when implementing GS. A review of the existing GS literature for a range of species is provided and used to prime breeder-oriented considerations on the practical applications of GS. Furthermore, this article discusses potential breeding schemes for GS, genotyping considerations, and methods for effective training population design. The components of selection intensity, progress toward inbreeding in half- or full-sibs recurrent schemes, and the generation of selection are also presented.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Av. Mohamed Alaoui, Rabat 10000, Morocco.
authors.forename: Filippo M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.affiliation: The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA UMR1095 GDEC Clermont-Ferrand, 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charmet
authors.affiliation: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sundsvagen 14 Box 101, SE23453, Alnarp, Sweden. Electronic address: Rodomiro.Ortiz@slu.se.
authors.forename: Rodomiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crossa
mesh_terms: D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D000069600:Plant Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D000068618:Selective Breeding; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Breeding value; Genetic gain; Genotype×environment interaction; Marker-aided breeding; Quantitative trait loci