title: Shifts Toward Morningness During Behavioral Sleep Interventions Are Associated With Improvements in Depression, Positive Affect, and Sleep Quality.
abstract: Morningness-eveningness (M-E) is typically considered to be a trait-like construct. However, M-E could plausibly shift in concert with changes in circadian or homeostatic processes. We examined M-E changes across three studies employing behavioral or pharmacological sleep treatments. Baseline and posttreatment M-E scores were strongly correlated across all three samples. M-E showed small but systematic changes toward morningness in sleep-disturbed military veterans receiving behavioral interventions. No systematic M-E changes were observed in the two pharmacological studies (sleep-disturbed military veterans and adults with primary insomnia, respectively). In the behavioral study, M-E changes correlated with changes in depression, positive affect, and sleep quality. M-E changes also correlated with changes in positive affect in the adult insomnia group. M-E appears to exhibit state-like aspects in addition to trait-like aspects.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Brant P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hasler
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology