title: A grid matrix-based Raman spectroscopic method to characterize different cell milieu in biopsied axillary sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients.
abstract: Raman spectroscopy which is based upon inelastic scattering of photons has a potential to emerge as a noninvasive bedside in vivo or ex vivo molecular diagnostic tool. There is a need to improve the sensitivity and predictability of Raman spectroscopy. We developed a grid matrix-based tissue mapping protocol to acquire cellular-specific spectra that also involved digital microscopy for localizing malignant and lymphocytic cells in sentinel lymph node biopsy sample. Biosignals acquired from specific cellular milieu were subjected to an advanced supervised analytical method, i.e., cross-correlation and peak-to-peak ratio in addition to PCA and PC-LDA. We observed decreased spectral intensity as well as shift in the spectral peaks of amides and lipid bands in the completely metastatic (cancer cells) lymph nodes with high cellular density. Spectral library of normal lymphocytes and metastatic cancer cells created using the cellular specific mapping technique can be utilized to create an automated smart diagnostic tool for bench side screening of sampled lymph nodes. Spectral library of normal lymphocytes and metastatic cancer cells created using the cellular specific mapping technique can be utilized to develop an automated smart diagnostic tool for bench side screening of sampled lymph nodes supported by ongoing global research in developing better technology and signal and big data processing algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Lab, Office: PS-113, Advanced center for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TATA Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. somdipa87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dipasree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Som
authors.affiliation: B. Tech, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat, India. meghatak7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.affiliation: B. Tech, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat, India. manshu.setia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setia
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital-TMC, Mumbai, 400012, India. asawaripatil@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Asawari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Lab, Office: PS-113, Advanced center for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, TATA Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. asengupta@actrec.gov.in.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: Chilakapati Lab, Advanced Center for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC-TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. mchilakapati@actrec.gov.in.
authors.forename: C Murali Krishna
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chilakapati
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. dr.anuragsrivastava@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital-TMC, Mumbai, 400012, India. vaniparmar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital-TMC, Mumbai, 400012, India. nitanair@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Advanced Center for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC-TMC), Navi Mumbai, 410210, India. rsarin@actrec.gov.in.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital-TMC, Mumbai, 400012, India. badwera@tmc.gov.in.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badwe
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Axillary lymph node; Cross-correlation; Grid matrix; Histopathology; Peak-to-peak ratio; Raman spectroscopy