title: Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Uveal Melanoma: Technique, Complications, and Outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the technical aspects, complications, and outcomes concerning fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in uveal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with uveal melanoma who underwent transscleral or transvitreal FNAB at an ocular oncology center were retrospectively evaluated. FNAB was performed if the tumor was more than 5 mm in thickness. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed on biopsy samples with sufficient tissue. The main outcome measures were success (sample that gave a successful result for biomarker analysis) rate, complications, liver metastasis, and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 217 (114 male, 52%) consecutive study patients with a mean age of 56.7 (16-84) years. The mean follow-up period was 31 (range 3.6-61.3) months. Mean tumor thickness was 8.4 (range 5-12) mm. The overall success rate of the procedure was 169 patients (77.9%). Thirty-one patients (14.3%) experienced intravitreal hemorrhage, of whom 9 (4.1%) required vitreal surgery. There was no case of endophthalmitis, orbital dissemination, local recurrence, or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Thirty-two patients (14.7%) developed metastasis during the study, of whom 20 (9.2%) died. Of the 169 successful samples, 53 patients (31%) were classified as low risk, 41 (24%) as intermediate risk, and 54 (32%) as high risk. Fifteen patients (9%) did not have any detectable chromosomal abnormality and 6 (4%) could not be classified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNAB is a relatively safe and successful technique that can be routinely used to obtain tissue for molecular genomic analysis; such analysis helps determine the diagnosis and prognosis in uveal melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Paris, France. Electronic address: alexandresellam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sellam
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnhill
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plancher
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asselain
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savignoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pierron
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Paris, France; University Paris V Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cassoux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000098943:Uveal Melanoma
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins