title: Developing therapeutic vaccines against Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by an imbalance between the production and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau proteins. In AD these normal proteins accumulate, leading to aggregation and a conformational change forming oligomeric and fibrillary species with a high β-sheet content. Active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches result in dramatic reduction of Aβ pathology in AD animal models. However, there is much more limited evidence in human studies of significant clinical benefits from these strategies and it is becoming apparent that they may only be effective very early in AD. Vaccination targeting only tau pathology has shown benefits in some mouse studies but human studies are limited. Greater therapeutic efficacy for the next generation of vaccine approaches will likely benefit from specifically targeting the most toxic species of Aβ and tau, ideally simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|b Department of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|c Department of Pathology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|d Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.affiliation: a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.|b Department of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Amyloid-β; immunomodulation; immunotherapy; neurodegenerative disease; oligomers; prion disease; tau