title: Baseline social amotivation predicts 1-year functioning in UHR subjects: A validation and prospective investigation.
abstract: Social amotivation and diminished expression have been reported to underlie negative symptomatology in schizophrenia. In the current study we sought to establish and validate these negative symptom domains in a large cohort of schizophrenia subjects (n=887) and individuals who are deemed to be Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis. Confirmatory factor analysis conducted on PANSS item domains demonstrate that the dual negative symptom domains exist in schizophrenia and UHR subjects. We further sought to examine if these negative symptom domains were associated with functioning in UHR subjects. Linear regression analyses confirmed that social amotivation predicted functioning in UHR subjects prospectively at 1 year follow up. Results suggest that the association between social amotivation and functioning is generalisable beyond schizophrenia populations to those who are at-risk of developing psychosis. Social amotivation may be an important dimensional clinical construct to be studied across a range of psychiatric conditions.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nur Amirah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abdul Rashid
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sara-Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foussias
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fervaha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruhrman
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remington
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Department of General Psychiatry 1, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: jimmy_lee@imh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diminished expression; Negative symptoms; PANSS; Schizophrenia; Social amotivation; UHR