title: Evaluation of Humoral Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Antigens for Correlation with Clinical Status and Effective Vaccine Development.
abstract: Although tuberculosis remains a major global health problem, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only available vaccine. However, BCG has limited applications, and a more effective vaccine is needed. Cellular mediated immunity (CMI) is thought to be the most important immune response for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, the recent failure of a clinical trial for a booster BCG vaccine and increasing evidence of antibody-mediated immunity prompted us to evaluate humoral immunity to Mtb-specific antigens. Using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot and Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays, we observed less correlation of both CMI and IgG titers with patient clinical status, including serum concentration of C reactive protein. However, IgA titers against Mtb were significantly correlated with clinical status, suggesting that specific IgA antibodies protect against Mtb proliferation. In addition, in some cases, IgA antibody titers were significantly associated with the serum concentration of total albumin, which supports the idea that humoral immunity can be influenced by the nutritional status. Based on these observations, we propose that the induction of humoral immunity should be included as an option in TB vaccine development strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization, National Tokyo Hospital, Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzukawa
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization, National Tokyo Hospital, Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization, National Tokyo Hospital, Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization, National Tokyo Hospital, Takeoka, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurashima
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization, National Toneyama Hospital, Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan.
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan ; Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Sohkichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Aoba, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Aoba, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D002097:C-Reactive Protein