title: Emerging methodologies for pathogen identification in positive blood culture testing.
abstract: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) represent a major cause of death in developed countries and are associated with long-term loss of functions. Blood culture remains the gold standard for BSI diagnosis, as it is easy to perform and displays a good analytical sensitivity. However, its major drawback remains the long turnaround time, which can result in inappropriate therapy, fall of survival rate, emergence of antibiotic resistance and increase of medical costs. Over the last 10 years, molecular tools have been the alternative to blood cultures, allowing early identification of pathogens involved in sepsis, as well detection of critical antibiotic resistance genes. Besides, the advent of MALDI-TOF revolutionized practice in routine microbiology significantly reduced the time to result. Reviewed here are recent improvements in early BSI diagnosis and these authors' view for the future is presented, including innovative high-throughput technologies.
authors.affiliation: a Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, University, Hospital Centre Timone, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille , Marseille , France.|b Université Aix-Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Marseille , France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubourg
authors.affiliation: a Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, University, Hospital Centre Timone, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille , Marseille , France.|b Université Aix-Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Marseille , France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
keywords: Blood culture; MALDI-TOF MS; NGS; PCR ESI-MS; bloodstream infections; multiplex PCR; next-generation sequencing