title: Reduction in respiratory motion artefacts on gadoxetate-enhanced MRI after training technicians to apply a simple and more patient-adapted breathing command.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a trained group of technicians using a modified breathing command during gadoxetate-enhanced liver MRI reduces respiratory motion artefacts compared to non-trained technicians using a traditional breathing command.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gadoxetate-enhanced liver MR images of 30 patients acquired using the traditional breathing command and the subsequent 30 patients after training the technicians to use a modified breathing command were analyzed. A subgroup of patients (n = 8) underwent scans both by trained and untrained technicians. Images obtained using the traditional and modified breathing command were compared for the presence of breathing artefacts [respiratory artefact-based image quality scores from 1 (best) to 5 (non-diagnostic)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a highly significant improvement in the arterial phase image quality scores in patients using the modified breathing command compared to the traditional one (P < 0.001). The percentage of patients with severe and extensive breathing artefacts in the arterial phase decreased from 33.3 % to 6.7 % after introducing the modified breathing command (P = 0.021). In the subgroup that underwent MRI using both breathing commands, arterial phase image quality improved significantly (P = 0.008) using the modified breathing command.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training technicians to use a modified breathing command significantly improved arterial phase image quality of gadoxetate-enhanced liver MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • A modified breathing command reduced respiratory artefacts on arterial-phase gadoxetate-enhanced MRI (P < 0.001). • The modified command decreased severe and extensive arterial-phase breathing artefacts (P = 0.021). • Training technicians to use a modified breathing command improved arterial-phase images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. agutzeit2000@gmail.com.|Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland. agutzeit2000@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutzeit
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matoori
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.|Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 / 10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Johannes M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Weymarn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reischauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Orpheus
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kolokythas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hergan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meissnitzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forstner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Soyka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aleksis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doert
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, Great Britain, UK.
authors.forename: Dow-Mu
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Arterial phase; Dyspnoea; Gadoxetate; Liver; MRI