title: Influence of environmental parameters and of their interactions on the release of metal(loid)s from a construction material in hydraulic engineering.
abstract: Besides the leaching behaviour of a construction material under standardised test-specific conditions with laboratory water, for some construction materials it is advisable to test their environmental behaviour also under close to end use conditions. The envisaged end use combined with the product characteristics (e.g. mineral phases) is decisive for the choice of environmental factors that may change the release of substance that potentially cause adverse environmental effects (e.g. fertilisation or ecotoxicity). At the moment an experimental link is missing between mono-factorial standardised test systems and non standardised complex incubation experiments such as mesocosms which are closer to environmental conditions. Multi-factorial batch experiments may have the potential to close the gap. To verify this, batch experiments with copper slag were performed which is used as armour stones in hydraulic engineering. Design of experiments (DoE) was applied to evaluate the impact of pH, ionic strength, temperature and sediment content on the release of As, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn. The study shows that release and sediment-eluent partitioning of metal(loid)s are impacted by interactions between the studied factors. Under the prevalent test conditions sediment acts as a sink enhancing most strongly the release of elements from the material.
authors.affiliation: Harzwasserwerke GmbH, Zur Granetalsperre 8, 38685 Langelsheim, Germany; Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany. Electronic address: schmukat@harzwasserwerke.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmukat
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duester
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany; KAPP-Chemie GmbH & Co. KG, Industriestr. 2-4, 56357 Miehlen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goryunova
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heininger
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ternes
keywords: Copper slag; Intended use; Metal(loid)s; Multi-factorial leaching experiments; Statistical design of experiments