title: Pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system for post-operative pain in hospitalized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) is a patient-controlled transdermal system allowing needle-free administration of on-demand doses of Fentanyl of 40 µg over a 10-min period up to 80 doses or over a 24-h period. It is indicated in opioid naïve patients for the treatment of acute postoperative pain in the hospitalized patients for up to 72 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  It has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in randomized trials and to provide comparable analgesia versus morphine intravenous (i.v.) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with adverse events similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl ITS has shown high patient satisfaction rates, and was described by patients and investigators as easy and convenient to use. These properties make this technology interesting when considering perioperative pain management. In the present health care environment additional data are required to establish the cost-benefit ratio of this technology in optimizing patient's recovery from surgery.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics , University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy , Pittsburgh , PA 15213 , USA.|b Health System Formulary Management and Drug Use Policy, Department of Pharmacy , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Medical Arts Building , Suite 300, 3708 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh , PA 15213 , USA.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Skledar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics , University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy , 3501 Terrace Street, Salk Hall, Room 727, Pittsburgh , PA 15261 , USA.
authors.forename: Carsten M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lachell
authors.affiliation: d Division of Acute Interventional Perioperative Pain and Regional Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospitals , Suite M140 (Posner Pain Center), 5230 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh , PA 15232 , USA.
authors.forename: Jacques E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chelly
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl
keywords: fentanyl; iontophoretic system; opioid; pain management; patient-controlled; postoperative analgesia; transdermal