title: E Proteins and ID Proteins: Helix-Loop-Helix Partners in Development and Disease.
abstract: The basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins represent a well-known class of transcriptional regulators. Many bHLH proteins act as heterodimers with members of a class of ubiquitous partners, the E proteins. A widely expressed class of inhibitory heterodimer partners-the Inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins-also exists. Genetic and molecular analyses in humans and in knockout mice implicate E proteins and ID proteins in a wide variety of diseases, belying the notion that they are non-specific partner proteins. Here, we explore relationships of E proteins and ID proteins to a variety of disease processes and highlight gaps in knowledge of disease mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Lan-Hsin
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address: nbaker@aecom.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004247:DNA; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins
keywords: E protein; Fuchs corneal dystrophy; Helix-Loop-Helix protein; ID protein; Parkinson’s disease; Pitt-Hopkins syndrome; Rett syndrome; Sjogren’s syndrome; arterial vascular disease; atherosclerosis; cell-cycle regulation; cellular senescence; congenital hydronephrosis; development; diabetes; differentiation; disease; mammary gland; neuronal morphogenesis; osteoporosis; pulmonary arterial hypertension; schizophrenia; sertoli cell; trophoblast