title: Antimicrobial Peptide Mimicking Primary Amine and Guanidine Containing Methacrylamide Copolymers Prepared by Raft Polymerization.
abstract: Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) display the ability to eliminate a wide variety of bacteria, without toxicity to the host eukaryotic cells. Synthetic polymers containing moieties mimicking lysine and arginine components found in AMPs have been reported to show effectiveness against specific bacteria, with the mechanism of activity purported to depend on the nature of the amino acid mimic. In an attempt to incorporate the antimicrobial activity of both amino acids into a single water-soluble copolymer, a series of copolymers containing lysine mimicking aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) and arginine mimicking guanadinopropyl methacrylamide (GPMA) were prepared via aqueous RAFT polymerization. Copolymers were prepared with varying ratios of the comonomers, with degree of polymerization of 35-40 and narrow molecular weight distribution to simulate naturally occurring AMPs. Antimicrobial activity was determined against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria under conditions with varying salt concentration. Toxicity to mammalian cells was assessed by hemolysis of red blood cells and MTT assays of MCF-7 cells. Antimicrobial activity was observed for APMA homopolymer and copolymers with low concentrations of GPMA against all bacteria tested, with low toxicity toward mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Exley
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Lea C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Paslay
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Gyan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sahukhal
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Brooks A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Tyler D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinhorst
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Mohamed O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Elasri
authors.affiliation: School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, ‡Biological Sciences, and §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States.|Center for Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006146:Guanidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D015394:Molecular Structure; D057786:Peptidomimetics / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D000588:Amines; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D006146:Guanidines; D057786:Peptidomimetics; D011108:Polymers; D001120:Arginine; D008239:Lysine; C045985:methacrylamide