title: An Overview of Pathogen Recognition Receptors for Innate Immunity in Dental Pulp.
abstract: Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of germ line-encoded receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The activation of PRRs is crucial for the initiation of innate immunity, which plays a key role in first-line defense until more specific adaptive immunity is developed. PRRs differ in the signaling cascades and host responses activated by their engagement and in their tissue distribution. Currently identified PRR families are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs), and the AIM2-like receptor (ALR). The environment of the dental pulp is substantially different from that of other tissues of the body. Dental pulp resides in a low compliance root canal system that limits the expansion of pulpal tissues during inflammatory processes. An understanding of the PRRs in dental pulp is important for immunomodulation and hence for developing therapeutic targets in the field of endodontics. Here we comprehensively review recent finding on the PRRs and the mechanisms by which innate immunity is activated. We focus on the PRRs expressed on dental pulp and periapical tissues and their role in dental pulp inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Hee Woong
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemoongu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000502:physiology; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000502:physiology; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000502:physiology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors