title: Emerging blood-based biomarkers for detection of gastric cancer.
abstract: Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality, and for improving the management of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for population-wide or risk group-based screening programs, while circulating biomarkers that reflect the genetic make-up and dynamics of the tumor would allow monitoring of treatment efficacy, predict recurrences and assess the genetic heterogeneity of the tumor. Recent research to identify blood-based biomarkers of GC has resulted in the identification of a wide variety of cancer-associated molecules, including various proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, cell-free DNA fragments, mRNAs and various non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor cells and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Each type of these biomarkers provides different information on the disease status, has different advantages and disadvantages, and distinct clinical usefulness. In the current review, we summarize the recent developments in blood-based GC biomarker discovery, discuss the origin of various types of biomarkers and their clinical usefulness and the technological challenges in the development of biomarker assays for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Zane Kalniņa, Irēna Meistere, Pawel Zayakin, Aija Linē, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, 1067 LV, Latvia.
authors.forename: Zane
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kalniņa
authors.affiliation: Zane Kalniņa, Irēna Meistere, Pawel Zayakin, Aija Linē, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, 1067 LV, Latvia.
authors.forename: Irēna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meistere
authors.affiliation: Zane Kalniņa, Irēna Meistere, Pawel Zayakin, Aija Linē, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, 1067 LV, Latvia.
authors.forename: Ilze
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kikuste
authors.affiliation: Zane Kalniņa, Irēna Meistere, Pawel Zayakin, Aija Linē, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, 1067 LV, Latvia.
authors.forename: Ivars
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tolmanis
authors.affiliation: Zane Kalniņa, Irēna Meistere, Pawel Zayakin, Aija Linē, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, 1067 LV, Latvia.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zayakin
authors.affiliation: Zane Kalniņa, Irēna Meistere, Pawel Zayakin, Aija Linē, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, 1067 LV, Latvia.
authors.forename: Aija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linē
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D040901:Proteomics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm
keywords: Autoantibodies; Biomarker; Cell-free DNA; Cell-free RNA; Extracellular vesicles; Gastric cancer; Liquid biopsy; Proteomics