title: Emerging Trends in Noninvasive Insulin Delivery.
abstract: This paper deals with various aspects of oral insulin delivery system. Insulin is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by the elevated glucose level (above the normal range) in the blood stream, that is, hyperglycemia. Oral route of administration of any drug is the most convenient route. Development of oral insulin is still under research. Oral insulin will cause the avoidance of pain during the injection (in subcutaneous administration), anxiety due to needle, and infections which can be developed. Different types of enzyme inhibitors, like sodium cholate, camostat, mesilate, bacitracin, leupeptin, and so forth, have been used to prevent insulin from enzymatic degradation. Subcutaneous route has been used for administration of insulin, but pain and itching at the site of administration can occur. That is why various alternative routes of insulin administration like oral route are under investigation. In this paper authors summarized advancement in insulin delivery with their formulation aspects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rishabha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malviya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pramod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma