title: Efficacy of ex vivo autologous and in vivo platelet transfusion in the reversal of P2Y12 inhibition by clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor: the APTITUDE study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allogenic platelet transfusions (PT) are administered to treat excessive bleeding in patients on P2Y12 receptor inhibitors (RI). We assessed the effect of ex vivo and in vivo PT on platelet activation and aggregation in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Antagonize P2Y12 Treatment Inhibitors by Transfusion of Platelets in an Urgent or Delayed Timing After Acute Coronary Syndrome or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Presentation-Acute Coronary Syndrome (APTITUDE-ACS) study, patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome or for elective percutaneous coronary intervention, receiving loading doses of clopidogrel (600 mg, n=13 or 900 mg, n=12), prasugrel 60 mg (n=10), or ticagrelor 180 mg (n=10) were included. PT was performed ex vivo by mixing platelet-rich plasma from blood sampling performed at baseline in increasing proportions with platelet-rich plasma sampled 4 hours after loading dose. The percentage restoration of residual platelet aggregation achieved with 80% proportion PT (residual platelet aggregation 80% PT mix/residual platelet aggregation baseline×100) significantly decreased with increasing potency of P2Y12 RI (83.9±11%, 73±14%, 66.3±15%, 40.9±19% for clopidogrel 600 mg, clopidogrel 900 mg, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, respectively; P for trend <0.0001). In the APTITUDE-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (APTITUDE-CABG) study, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein-platelet reactivity index, a specific marker of the P2Y12 RI drug-effect, was assessed before and after in vivo PT administered for excessive bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery while on a maintenance dose of aspirin and clopidogrel (n=45), prasugrel (n=6), or ticagrelor (n=3). When compared with baseline, there was a significant relative increase of 23.1% in platelet activation after PT transfusion (42.2±23.6% versus 56.6±18.2%; P=0.0008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PT restores platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndrome/percutaneous coronary intervention and in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on P2Y12 RI while bleeding with a less effect with increasing potency of P2Y12 inhibition.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.recherche-biomedicale.sante.gouv.fr/pro/comites/coordonnees.htm and http://www.cnil.fr/. Unique identifiers: No. 301111 and No. 1547216v0.
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amour
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercadier
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Réjane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerneis
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abtan
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brugier
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silvain
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barthélémy
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leprince
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France. gilles.montalescot@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montalescot
authors.affiliation: From the Sorbonne Université UMPC (Paris 6), INSERM_UMRS1166 (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), ACTION Study Group, Paris, France (S.A.O., R.M., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., G.M., J.-P.C.), Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (J.A., R.M.), Etablissement Français Sang (A.M.), and Institut de Cardiologie and Chirurgie Cardiaque (S.A.O., M.K., J.A., D.B., J.S., O.B., P.L., G.M., J.-P.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Collet
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000368:Aged; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000241:Adenosine; D013988:Ticlopidine
keywords: hemorrhage; percutaneous coronary intervention; platelet activation; platelet function tests; platelet transfusion