title: Autism Characteristics in Older Adults with Depressive Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characteristics in older adults with and without depressive disorders and the social network and past negative life events in those with a high number of ASD characteristics and those without a large number of these characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  This large, multisite, naturalistic, prospective cohort study used data from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons (aged 60-90 years) with (N = 259) and without (N = 114) a depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria. ASD characteristics were measured with the abbreviated Autism Spectrum Quotient with a cutoff score of 70. Additional measures were the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, the Becks Anxiety Inventory, the Close Person Inventory, and the life events questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the older adults with a depressive disorder, 31% showed elevated ASD characteristics, which is much higher than the observed 6% in the comparison group. High ASD characteristics were associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms and more comorbid anxiety disorders. Those with a high number of ASD characteristics did not differ in the size of their social network or the number of negative life events as compared with those with less ASD characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASD might be overlooked in older adults, especially within geriatric psychiatry. When diagnosing and treating depression and anxiety in older patients, one should be attentive to ASD.
authors.affiliation: Autism & ADHD Research Center (d'Arc), Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Research & Development, Dr. Leo Kannerhuis Center for Autism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: H.M.Geurts@uva.nl.
authors.forename: Hilde M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.affiliation: GGZ InGeest, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stek
authors.affiliation: GGZ InGeest, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hannie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Comijs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Depression; autism traits; older adults