title: Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid: an exploratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the levels and diagnostic accuracy of a set of potential biomarkers of periodontal tissue metabolism in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis ( AAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty one GCF samples from 11 CP patients, 44 GCF samples from 38 AAP patients and 31 GCF samples from 13 healthy volunteers were obtained (N = 106). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -9 were determined by zymography; levels of MMP-8 by ELISA and IFMA and MPO by ELISA. IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, DKK-1, Osteonectin, Periostin, TRAP-5 and OPG were determined by a multiplex quantitative panel. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed-effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMP-9 and MMP-8 were higher in CP, followed by AAP, versus healthy individuals (p < 0.05). ProMMP-2, MPO, IL-1, IL-6, PTN, TRAP-5 and OPG were significantly higher in CP when compared with AAP and healthy patients (p < 0.05). The highest diagnostic accuracies were observed for ProMMP-2, ProMMP-9, MMP-8 and TRAP-5 (AUC > 0.97) in CP, and for the active form of MMP-9 and MMP-8 (AUC > 0.90) in AAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gingival crevicular fluid composition is modified by CP and AAP. MMP-9 and MMP-8 show diagnostic potential for CP and AAP, whereas MMP-2 and TRAP-5 are useful only for CP.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.|Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.|Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ríos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.|Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dezerega
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Sesnich
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.affiliation: Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lesaffre
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanbelle
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.|Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gamonal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brignardello-Petersen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.|Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: asymptomatic apical periodontitis; biomarkers; chronic periodontitis; gingival crevicular fluid; sensitivity; specificity