title: Effects of Propofol on Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Balance in Rats with Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema Induced by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
abstract: Propofol exhibits neuroprotective effects mediated by the inhibition of excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitter release and potentiation of inhibitory amino acid (IAA) neurotransmitters. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of propofol on the EAA and IAA balance in neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE).
  
  
  
  Sixty male Wistar rats were randomized to Sham, NPE, Low-dose propofol, and High-dose propofol groups. NPE was induced via rapid injection of autologous blood (0.5 ml) into the cisterna magna. The Low- and High-dose propofol groups were pretreated with boluses of 2 and 5 mg kg(-1), respectively, prior to blood injection, followed by continuous propofol infusion at 6 and 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1), respectively. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, intracranial pressure (ICP), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and arterial blood gases were continuously recorded. After 2 h, the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, total protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), brain water content, cortical EAA and IAA levels, chest X-ray, and histological staining of lung sections were evaluated.
  
  
  
  Blood injections into the cisterna magna induced NPE and hemodynamic changes. Propofol alleviated the increases in the MAP, ICP, and PIP, improved oxygenation and histopathological changes, ameliorated pulmonary and cerebral edema, increased the IAA brain levels, and decreased the ratio of Glu to γ-aminobutyric acid.
  
  
  
  The current findings suggest that propofol improves NPE likely via IAA accumulation and the regulation of EAA and IAA balance, which may represent an effective treatment for NPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Ziyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Wanchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Songbin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China. wenzhili9@126.com.
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Excitatory amino acid; Inhibitory amino acid; Neurogenic pulmonary edema; Propofol; Subarachnoid hemorrhage