title: Montreal cognitive assessment and analysis of related factors for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) refers to cerebral dysfunctions that lead to cerebral vascular pathological changes. Our aim is to identify factors related to cognitive impairment in CCCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  CCCI patients (n=102) were assessed with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) to analyze cognitive impairment. Patients were divided into two groups according to MoCA scores: (1) cognitive dysfunction and (2) normal cognitive function. We compared the clinical information with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and identified major risk factors related to cognitive impairment in CCCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age (p=0.007, OR=3.768, χ2=7.173), leukoaraiosis (p=0.002, OR=6.231, χ2=9.478), a history of hypertension (p=0.021, OR=3.078, χ2=5.307), a history of hyperlipidemia (p=0.016, OR=3.429, χ2=5.795), and the number of vascular risk factors (p=0.019, χ2=9.921) were related to cognitive impairment by univariate analysis. Age (p=0.070, OR=2.689, 95% CI=0.923±7.837) and leukoaraiosis (p=0.012, OR=4.531, 95% CI=1.401±14.667) were significant by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Age (r=-0.585, p<0.01) had a marked negative correlation with MoCA scores. There were significant differences in the MoCA subscale scores, including visuospatial and executive capacity (p<0.01), attention and calculation (p<0.01), and delayed recall (p<0.01), in patients with different degrees of leukoaraiosis. Patients with CCCI had a higher incidence of cognitive impairment (78.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in visuospatial and executive capacity, delayed recall, and language function represent cognitive manifestations in CCCI. Age and leukoaraiosis have the strongest effects on cognitive impairment morbidity and can aggravate cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China Neurology Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China doctor_h_j@163.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Bingwei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency; Montreal cognitive assessment; cognitive impairment; related risk factors