title: Molecular cloning and characterization of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) CXC chemokine ligand 12.
abstract: Chemokines are a family of soluble peptides that can recruit a wide range of immune cells to sites of infection and disease. The CXCL12 is a chemokine that binds to its cognate receptor CXCR4 and thus involved in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this study, we cloned and characterized CXCL12 from Epinephelus coioides (osgCXCL12). We found that the open reading frame of osgCXCL12 consists of 98 amino acid residues with the small cytokine C-X-C domain located between residues 29 and 87. Higher expression levels for osgCXCL12 were detected at the kitting stage, compared with the prolarva and larva shape stages. The expression patterns revealed that osgCXCL12 may play a key role in early grouper development. We detected mRNA transcripts for osgCXCL12 in healthy tissues and found the highest osgCXCL12 expression in the head kidney. Furthermore, a time-course analysis revealed significantly increased osgCXCL12 and osgCXCR4 expression levels after the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) challenge. In addition, expression of osgCXCL12 was affected by injection with microbial mimics [LPS and poly(I:C)]. These results suggest that osgCXCL12 is associated with inﬂammatory and developmental processes in the grouper.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Shiou
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hao-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Translational Center for Marine Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Young-Mao
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Translational Center for Marine Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Research Center of Ocean Environment and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Electronic address: ibcty@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tzong-Yueh
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030381:Nodaviridae / Q000502:physiology; D010473:Perciformes; D010802:Phylogeny; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008024:Ligands
keywords: CXCL12; Chemokine; Epinephelus coioides; Nervous necrosis virus