title: Effect of Influenza Virus Infection in a Murine Model of Asthma.
abstract: Respiratory virus infection is a major cause of asthma exacerbation. However, the underlying mechanisms of this exacerbation are unknown. Therefore, to determine the mechanisms, we examined the effect of influenza infection in a murine model of asthma. Mice were divided into four groups: the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), house dust mite(HDM), influenza, and HDM/influenza groups. The influenza group and the HDM/influenza group were infected with influenza A virus. We measured airway resistance (Penh value), examined the lung tissue for pathology, and analyzed the cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by ELISA. At 50 mg/mL methacholine, the HDM/influenza group showed a significantly higher Penh value than the PBS, HDM, and influenza groups. The number of neutrophils in BALF was higher in the HDM/influenza group than in the HDM group. A significantly greater number of lymphocytes and macrophages were detected in the HDM/influenza group than in the HDM group. IFN-γ and IL-1β levels were higher in the HDM/influenza group than in the HDM group. IL-5 levels did not vary between the HDM and HDM/influenza groups, IL-10 was significantly lower in the HDM/influenza than in the HDM group. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were higher in the HDM/influenza group than in the HDM group. In a murine model of asthma, influenza-induced airway inflammation appeared to be caused by simultaneous activation of neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Huisu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sulmui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eu Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyongwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Seo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Tack
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications*; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Asthma; Cytokine; Eosinophil; Histology; Influenza; Mouse; Neutrophil