title: Studies on the bioavailability of deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON sulfonate (DONS) 1, 2, and 3 in pigs fed with sodium sulfite-treated DON-contaminated maize.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure of pigs might cause serious problems when critical dietary toxin concentrations are exceeded. As DON contamination of agricultural crops cannot be completely prevented, detoxification measures are needed. Wet preservation with sodium sulfite resulted in a significant DON reduction of naturally-contaminated maize in previous experiments. The preserved material had a characteristic DON sulfonates (DONS) pattern. DONS is known to be less toxic than DON but its stability was shown to depend on pH, which gives rise to the question if a back-conversion to DON occurs in vivo. Therefore, the toxicokinetics and bioavailability of DON and DONS were studied in pigs. After the administration of a single oral or intravenous bolus of DON or DONS, serial blood samples were collected and subsequently analyzed. DONS was not detectable after oral administration of DONS mixtures. The results showed further that the bioavailability of DONS as DON in pigs fed maize preserved wet with sodium sulfite was significantly decreased compared to untreated control maize (DON), indicating that DONS obviously did not convert back to DON to a large extent in vivo. Moreover, the fact that DONS was not detectable in systemic blood requires further investigations regarding their ingestive and/or metabolic fate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany. marleen.paulick@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulick
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany. janine.winkler@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany. susanne.kersten@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.affiliation: Biomin Holding GmbH, Biomin Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria. dian.schatzmayr@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schatzmayr
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria. heidi.schwartz@biomin.net.
authors.forename: Heidi Elisabeth
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany. sven.daenicke@fli.bund.de.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dänicke
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013447:Sulfites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D013447:Sulfites; D014255:Trichothecenes; C555344:deoxynivalenol sulfonate; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C025026:sodium sulfite
keywords: bioavailability; decontamination; deoxynivalenol; deoxynivalenol sulfonates; pigs; sodium sulfite; toxicokinetics