title: Within-session communication patterns predict alcohol treatment outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Within-session client speech is theorized to be a key mechanism of behavior change in motivational interviewing (MI), a directional, client-centered approach to behavior change. Client change talk (CT: speech indicating movement toward changing a problematic health behavior) and sustain talk (ST: speech supporting continuing a problematic health behavior) have each shown relationships with outcomes. However, it may be the case that patterns of within-session client speech, rather than counts of client speech, are important for producing change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recorded initial MI/MET psychotherapy sessions from Project MATCH had been previously rated using the Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchange (MI-SCOPE), a mutually exclusive and exhaustive sequential coding system. From these existing data, session conditional probabilities for transitions of interest (the transition from CT to more CT, and the transition from reflections of CT to CT) were analyzed as empirical Bayes estimates of log-normalized odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT frequencies and these log-normalized odds ratios were entered as independent variables into longitudinal generalized estimating equation (GEE) models predicting within-treatment and post-treatment drinking. While all variables were significant predictors of within-treatment drinking, only the CT-CT transition emerged as a significant predictor of decreased drinking after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The momentum of a client's speech about change during an MI session may be a better predictor of outcome than is a simple frequency count of it. Attending not only to the mere occurrence of CT, but also recognizing the importance of consecutive client statements of CT, may improve treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Department of Psychology, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States. Electronic address: jhouck@unm.edu.
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.affiliation: Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Department of Psychology, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States. Electronic address: tmoyers@unm.edu.
authors.forename: Theresa B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Moyers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Mechanisms of behavior change; Motivational interviewing; Psychotherapy process; Sequential coding