title: Wearing a Wetsuit Alters Upper Extremity Motion during Simulated Surfboard Paddling.
abstract: Surfers often wear wetsuits while paddling in the ocean. This neoprene covering may be beneficial to upper extremity movement by helping to improve proprioceptive acuity, or it may be detrimental by providing increased resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wearing a wetsuit on muscle activation, upper extremity motion, heart rate, and oxygen consumption during simulated surfboard paddling in the laboratory. Twelve male, recreational surfers performed two paddling trials at a constant workload on a swim bench ergometer both with and without a wetsuit. Kinematic data and EMG were acquired from the right arm via motion capture, and oxygen consumption and heart rate were recorded with a metabolic cart and heart rate monitor. Wearing a wetsuit had no significant effect on oxygen consumption or heart rate. A significant increase in EMG activation was observed for the middle deltoid but not for any of the other shoulder muscle evaluated. Finally, approximate entropy and estimates of the maximum Lyapunov exponent increased significantly for vertical trajectory of the right wrist (i.e. stroke height) when a wetsuit was worn. These results suggest that a 2mm wetsuit has little effect on the energy cost of paddling at lower workloads but does affect arm motion. These changes may be the result of enhanced proprioceptive acuity due to mechanical compression from the wetsuit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nessler
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvas
authors.affiliation: Water's Edge Physical Therapy and Wellness, Oceanside, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Newcomer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011481:Protective Clothing; D000066908:Simulation Training; D013177:Sports