title: Psychosocial and Clinical Outcomes of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Asians and Pacific Islanders with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are twice as likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes compared to Caucasians. The objective was to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on quality of life, general health perceptions, depressive symptoms, and glycemia in Asians and Pacific Islanders with type 2 diabetes. The design was a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing cognitive behavioral therapy to diabetes education and support for six weekly sessions. Participants were recruited from two endocrinology practices; 207 were enrolled. The cognitive behavioral therapy group was provided self-management tools which included biofeedback, breathing exercises, and stress relievers, while the diabetes education and support group included diabetes education and group discussions. Assessments of psychosocial and clinical outcomes were obtained before and after sessions and 12 months PostSession. Differences between the two groups were examined using linear mixed-effects models with linear contrasts. The cognitive behavioral therapy group had improved depressive symptom scores from PreSession to EndSession compared to the diabetes education and support group (P < .03), but the improvement did not extend to 12 months PostSession. Similar results were observed with misguided support scores in the Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire (P < .03) and susceptibility in health beliefs (P < .01), but no significant differences in HbA1c improvement were found between the two groups. Both interventions improved outcomes from baseline but were not sustained for 1 year.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV (JI).
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inouye
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV (JI).
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV (JI).
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV (JI).
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arakaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asians; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Pacific Islanders; self-management training; type 2 diabetes