title: Li-Gan-Shi-Liu-Ba-Wei-San improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through enhancing lipid oxidation and alleviating oxidation stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mongolian medicine is an important constituent of traditional Chinese medicine. Its representative prescription, Li-Gan-Shi-Liu-Ba-Wei-San (LGSLBWS), is widely used for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the effects and mechanism of LGSLBWS on NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  NAFLD rat model was established with high-fat diet. The effects of LGSLBWS on lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatic morphology were observed in NAFLD rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the liver, as well as the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARβ, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB α(IκBα), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were all detected. Finally, the effects of LGSLBWS on fatty acid oxidation, PPARα, PPARβ, IκBα, and iNOS were determined in HepG2 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LGSLBWS significantly reduced the fat deposition in the liver and the serum aspartate aminotransferase levels in NAFLD rats. Serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were reduced by LGSLBWS. Total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the liver were also downregulated. SOD and MDA levels were increased and decreased by LGSLBWS, respectively. LGSLBWS can significantly promote fatty acid oxidation of HepG2 cells. Upregulation of PPARα, PPARβ, and IκBα and downregulation of iNOS by LGSLBWS were both observed in the NAFLD model and HepG2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LGSLBWS can significantly improve NAFLD by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and alleviating oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Youzhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Theory of Mongolian medicine, Institute of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Narisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: chenbing1960@163.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D047493:PPAR alpha; D048068:PPAR-beta; C000611221:li-gan-shi-liu-ba-wei-san; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Carbon Dioxide (PubChem CID: 280); Cholesterol (PubChem CID: 5997); Dimethyl Sulphoxide (PubChem CID: 679); Fatty acid oxidation; HepG2 cells; Li-Gan-Shi-Liu-Ba-Wei-San; Malondialdehyde (PubChem CID:10964); Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Oxidative stress