title: Evaluation of RNA-binding motif protein 3 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), involved in cell survival, has paradoxically been linked to both oncogenesis as well as an increased survival in several cancers, including urothelial carcinoma (UCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The putative prognostic role of RBM3 was studied using cystectomy specimens with 152 invasive UCA with 35 matched metastases, 65 carcinomas in situ (CIS), 22 high-grade papillary UCAs (PAP), and 112 benign urothelium cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The H-score (HS, staining intensity × % of positive cells) was used for RBM3 immunoexpression. CIS showed the highest HS (mean = 140) followed by benign urothelium (mean = 97). Metastases showed higher HS than primary invasive UCA (P ≤ 0.0001), and high HS was associated with a lower pT stage (P ≤ 0.0001) and a trend toward the absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI, P = 0.09), but not pN stage (P = 0.35) and surgical margin status (P = 0.81). Univariate analysis (UVA) of disease recurrence only showed an association between pN stage and LVI (P = 0.005 and 0.03, respectively). On UVA of mortality, pT stage was strongly associated with death (P = 0.01) while pN stage, LVI, surgical margin status, and HS were not. Multivariate analysis confirmed the lack of HS association with recurrence (P = 0.08) and death (P = 0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stronger RBM3 immunoexpression correlated with lower stage tumors and a diminished risk for LVI. However, RBM3 does not seem to carry a prognostic significance for clinical outcome (recurrence and mortality). The exact prognostic role of RBM3 in UCA is yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. Livia.florianova@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Florianova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. bin.xu@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. samer.traboulsi@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Traboulsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. hazem.elmansi@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elmansi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. simon.tanguay@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanguay
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. armen.aprikian@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Armen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aprikian
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. wassim.kassouf@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kassouf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. fadbri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brimo
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C099506:RBM3 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins