title: Autism: Pathophysiology and Promising Herbal Remedies.
abstract: Autism is a comprehensive growth abnormality in which social skills, language, communication, and behavioral skills are developed with delay and as diversionary. The reasons for autism are unclear, but various theories of genetics, immunity, biological, and psychosocial factors have been proffered. In fact, autism is a complex disorder with distinct causes that usually co-occur. Although no medicine has been recognized to treat this disorder, pharmacological treatments can be effective in reducing its signs, such as self-mutilation, aggression, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, inattention, hyperactivity, and sleeping disorders. Recently, complementary and alternative approaches have been considered to treat autism. Ginkgo biloba is one of the most effective plants with an old history of applications in neuropsychological disorders which recently is used for autism. The present review discusses the recent findings, pathophysiology, and etiology of autism and thereafter addresses the promising results of herbal remedies.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahmani
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarrafchi
authors.forename: Hedayatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirzad
authors.affiliation: Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. rafieian@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafieian-Kopaei
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations