title: Military Research ColorDx and Printed Color Vision Tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the equivalence of the ColorDx Military Research version (mColorDx) test and three printed pseudoisochromatic tests (HRR, Ishihara, and PIPIC) for color vision testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participating in the study were 75 color-normals and 47 subjects with red-green color vision defects. Color vision was classified by an anomaloscope. The HRR (4(th) edition), Ishihara 38-plate edition, and PIPIC tests are printed color vision tests, whereas mColorDx test figures were displayed on a calibrated computer desktop monitor. All tests were repeated in about 1 wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa level of agreement (κ) values with the anomaloscope for screening for each test was 0.96 or greater. The values were statistically identical. Specificity for each test was at least 0.99 and sensitivity was at least 0.95. The repeatability of the screening sections for all tests was very good with κ values greater than 0.95. Deutans tended to miss the tritan screening plates on the HRR and mColorDx tests. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the severity of the defect and anomaloscope range was moderate with r = 0.45 for the mColorDx and r = 0.6 for the HRR. Both the mColorDx and HRR had perfect agreement with the anomaloscope in classifying the defects as either protan or deutan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validity of the four tests for color vision screening was statistically identical; however, the HRR may be preferred because it had the highest sensitivity of 0.99, a specificity of 1.0, and a reasonable correlation between the severity rating of the defect and the anomaloscope range.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almustanyir
authors.forename: Jeffery K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hovis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003119:Color Perception Tests / Q000379:methods*; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult