title: Hemodynamic Responses to Resistance Exercise in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate hemodynamic responses of resistance exercise (RE) with moderate load (i.e., international guidelines for RE of patients) versus RE with high load in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medically stable male (n = 11) and female patients (n = 4) treated with PCI or percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass surgery a minimum of 6 months before this study, performed three sets of 15RM and 4RM RE in a randomized order on separate days. Beat-to-beat systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were monitored at preexercise, and continuously during RE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with preexercise, SBP and DBP (mean of three sets) increased by 12% to 13% (both; P < 0.001) and 35% to 40% after 15RM RE (both; P < 0.001). 15RM SBP and DBP were higher than 4RM SBP and DBP (both; P < 0.001). The SBP of the fourth repetition of 15 RM RE was similar to the SBP of the fourth repetition of 4RM RE. Compared with preexercise, SV increased moderately after 4RM and 15 RM RE, respectively (both, P < 0.001). HR increased more after 15RM compared with 4RM RE (P < 0.05); thus, higher CO after 15RM (compared with 4RM RE; P < 0.05) was mainly caused by higher HR. SVR decreased by 15% (P < 0.001) and 50% (P < 0.01) after 4RM and 15RM RE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SBP and DBP increased significantly more during moderate load RE; thus, the magnitude of the external load is not the prime determinant of the pressure response during RE. If management of blood pressure is of concern, high load/low rep RE is preferable to medium load/high rep RE.
authors.affiliation: 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, NORWAY; 2Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Industrial Development, Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, NORWAY; 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, NORWAY; 4Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, NORWAY; and 5Oslo Vascular Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, NORWAY.
authors.forename: Terje F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Gjøvaag
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirtaheri
authors.forename: Kristoffer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Gøran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berdal
authors.forename: Irja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuchel
authors.forename: Tonje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Westlie
authors.forename: Kari Anette
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bruusgaard
authors.forename: Birgitta Blakstad
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Jonny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hisdal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003971:Diastole; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D055070:Resistance Training; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole