title: Resistance of Dusky Cotton Bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Lygaidae: Hemiptera), to Conventional and Novel Chemistry Insecticides.
abstract: The dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Lygaidae: Hemiptera), is polyphagous in nature and has become one of the severe sucking pests of cotton in Pakistan. O. hyalinipennis has the potential to develop resistance to a number of insecticides, and as a result, O. hyalinipennis outbreaks occur. There is no previous study from Pakistan regarding O. hyalinipennis resistance to insecticides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the resistance of different field populations of O. hyalinipennis to conventional (bifenthrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, profenofos, triazophos) and novel chemistry (emamectin benzoate, spinosad, chlorfenapyr, imidacloprid, and nitenpyram) insecticides. Five populations of O. hyalinipennis, collected from Multan, Khanewal, Muzaffargarh, Lodhran, and Bahawalpur, were tested for resistance to selected insecticides by the leaf dip method. For three pyrethroids, the resistance ratios were in the range of 14- to 30-fold for bifenthrin, 2.14- to 8.41-fold for deltamethrin, and 9.12- to 16-fold for lambda-cyhalothrin, compared with the laboratory susceptible strain (Lab-PK). For two organophosphates, the range of resistance ratios was 12- to 14-fold for profenofos and 9.04- to 15-fold for triazophos. For five novel chemistry insecticides, the range of resistance ratios was 4.68- to 9.83-fold for emamectin benzoate, 6.38- to 17-fold for spinosad, 16- to 46-fold for chlorfenapyr, 11- to 22-fold for imidacloprid, and 1.32- to 11-fold for nitenpyram. Regular assessment of resistance to insecticides and integrated management plans like judicious use of insecticides and rotation of insecticides along with different modes of action are required to delay resistance development in O. hyalinipennis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan (saif_entomologist@yahoo.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; naeemsurbana@gmail.com) saif_entomologist@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan (saif_entomologist@yahoo.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; naeemsurbana@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Sarfraz Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shad
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan (saif_entomologist@yahoo.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; naeemsurbana@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abbas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010154:Pakistan
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: conventional and novel insecticide; dusky cotton bug; resistance