title: Relationship Between Cerebrovascular Risk, Cognition, and Treatment Outcome in Late-Life Psychotic Depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether cerebrovascular risk, executive function, and processing speed are associated with acute treatment outcome of psychotic depression in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed data from 142 persons aged 60 years or older with major depression with psychotic features who participated in a 12-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing olanzapine plus sertraline with olanzapine plus placebo. The independent variables were baseline cerebrovascular risk (Framingham Stroke Risk Score), baseline executive function (Stroop interference score and the initiation/perseveration subscale of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale), and baseline processing speed (color and word reading components of the Stroop). The outcome variable was change in severity of depression, measured by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total score, during the course of the RCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater baseline cerebrovascular risk was significantly associated with less improvement in depression severity over time, after controlling for pertinent covariates. Neither executive function nor processing speed predicted outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests an association of cerebrovascular risk, but not executive function or processing speed, with treatment outcome of major depression with psychotic features in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Westchester Division, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Barnett S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rothschild
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Samprit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General and Toronto Rehab Research Institutes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: alastair.flint@uhn.ca.
authors.forename: Alastair J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Flint
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012306:Risk; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D057190:Stroop Test; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine; D020280:Sertraline
keywords: Vascular risk; executive function; major depressive disorder; processing speed; psychotic depression; treatment outcome