title: Acute and chronic ecotoxicity of carbaryl with a battery of aquatic bioassays.
abstract: The ecotoxic effects of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) were investigated with a battery of four aquatic bioassays. The nominal effective concentrations immobilizing 50% of Daphnia magna (EC50) after 24 and 48 h were 12.76 and 7.47 µg L(-1), respectively. After 21 days of exposure of D. magna, LOECs (lowest observed effect concentrations) for cumulative molts and the number of neonates per surviving adult were observed at carbaryl concentration of 0.4 µg L(-1). An increase of embryo deformities (curved or unextended shell spines) was observed at 1.8 and 3.7 µg L(-1), revealing that carbaryl could act as an endocrine disruptor in D. magna. Other bioassays of the tested battery were less sensitive: the IC50-72h and IC10-72h of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were 5.96 and 2.87 mg L(-1), respectively. The LC50-6d of the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens was 4.84 mg L(-1). A growth inhibition of H. incongruens was registered after carbaryl exposure and the IC20-6d was 1.29 mg L(-1). Our results suggest that the daphnid test sensitivity was better than other used tests. Moreover, carbaryl has harmful and toxic effects on tested species because it acts at low concentrations on diverse life history traits of species and induce embryo deformities in crustaceans.
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), University of Lorraine , UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Metz , France.|b Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring (LBE) Unity of Coastal and Limnic Hydrobiology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hela
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toumi
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), University of Lorraine , UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Metz , France.
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Burga-Perez
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), University of Lorraine , UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Metz , France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ferard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000633:toxicity*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects*; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012721:Carbaryl
keywords: Carbaryl; Daphnia magna; Heterocypris incongruens; Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; aquatic ecotoxicity