title: ENDOTHELIUM-DERIVED INHIBITORS EFFICIENTLY ATTENUATE THE AGGREGATION AND ADHESION RESPONSES OF REFRIGERATED PLATELETS.
abstract: Refrigeration of platelets (4°C) provides the possibility of improving transfusion practice over the current standard-of-care, room temperature (RT) storage. However, the increased level of platelet activation observed at 4°C in vitro is cause for concern of uncontrolled thrombosis in vivo. In this study, we assessed the safety of 4°C-stored platelets by evaluating their response to physiologic inhibitors prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO). Apheresis platelets were collected from healthy donors (n = 4) and tested on Day 1 (fresh) or Day 5 (RT- and 4°C-stored) after treatment with PGI2 and NO or not for: thrombin generation; factor V (FV) activity; intracellular free calcium, cAMP and cGMP; ATP release; TRAP-induced activation; aggregation to ADP, collagen, and TRAP, and adhesion to collagen under arterial flow. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons, with significance set at P < 0.05. Treatment with inhibitors increased intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels in fresh and stored platelets. Thrombin generation was significantly accelerated in stored platelets consistent with increased factor V levels, PS exposure, CD62P expression, intracellular free calcium, and ATP release. While treatment with inhibitors did not attenuate thrombin generation in stored platelets, activation, aggregation, and adhesion responses were inhibited by both PGI2 and NO in 4°C-stored platelets. In contrast, though RT-stored platelets were activated, they did not adhere or aggregate in response to agonists. Thus, refrigerated platelets maintain their intracellular machinery, are responsive to agonists and platelet function inhibitors, and perform hemostatically better than RT-stored platelets.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio †Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Reddoch
authors.forename: Robbie K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Armando C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: M Adam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meledeo
authors.forename: Heather F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Pidcoke
authors.forename: Anand K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ramasubramanian
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cap
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005165:Factor V / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012034:Refrigeration
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005165:Factor V; D011464:Epoprostenol