title: Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Sulfate Blend, Peroxyacetic Acid, and Cetylpyridinium Chloride against Salmonella on Inoculated Chicken Wings.
abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial blend of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate (SSS) in reducing Salmonella on inoculated whole chilled chicken wings and to compare its efficacy to peroxyacetic acid (PAA) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Wings were spot inoculated (5 to 6 log CFU/ml of sample rinsate) with a five-strain mixture of novobiocin- and nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella and then left untreated (control) or treated by immersing individual wings in 350 ml of antimicrobial solution. An initial study evaluated two treatment immersion times, 10 and 20 s, of SSS (pH 1.1) and compared cell recoveries following rinsing of treated samples with buffered peptone water or Dey/Engley neutralizing broth. In a second study, inoculated wings were treated with SSS (pH 1.1; 20 s), PAA (700 ppm, 20 s), or CPC (4,000 ppm, 10 s) and analyzed for survivors immediately after treatment (0 h) and after 24 h of aerobic storage at 4°C. Color and pH analyses were also conducted in the latter study. Recovery of Salmonella survivors following treatment with SSS (10 or 20 s) was not (P ≥ 0.05) affected by the type of cell recovery rinse solution (buffered peptone water or Dey/Engley neutralizing broth), but there was an effect (P < 0.05) of SSS treatment time. Immersion of samples for 10 or 20 s in SSS resulted in pathogen reductions of 0.8 to 0.9 and 1.1 to 1.2 log CFU/ml, respectively. Results of the second study showed that there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between antimicrobial type and storage time. Efficacy against Salmonella at 0 h increased in the order CPC , SSS , PAA; however, after 24 h of aerobic storage, pathogen counts of SSS- and PAA-treated wings did not differ (P ≥ 0.05). Overall, the results indicated that SSS applied at pH 1.1 for 20 s was an effective antimicrobial intervention to reduce Salmonella contamination on chicken wings.
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA.
authors.forename: Brittney R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA.
authors.forename: Ifigenia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Geornaras
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Delmore
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA.
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Woerner
authors.affiliation: Zoetis, 100 Campus Drive, Florham Park, New Jersey 07932, USA.
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Reagan
authors.affiliation: Performance Food Group, 12500 West Creek Park, Richmond, Virginia 23238, USA.
authors.forename: J Brad
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Center for Meat Safety & Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA. keith.belk@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Belk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D005503:Food Additives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D013431:Sulfates; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; C012036:sodium sulfate; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D010463:Peracetic Acid; C033158:sulfuric acid