title: Individualized Exercise Training at Maximal Fat Oxidation Combined with Fruit and Vegetable-Rich Diet in Overweight or Obese Women: The LIPOXmax-Réunion Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lifestyle combined interventions are a key strategy for preventing type-2 diabetes (T2DM) in overweight or obese subjects. In this framework, LIPOXmax individualized training, based on maximal fat oxidation [MFO], may be a promising intervention to promote fat mass (FM) reduction and prevent T2DM. Our primary objective was to compare three training programs of physical activity combined with a fruit- and vegetable-rich diet in reducing FM in overweight or obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A five months non-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three parallel groups in La Réunion Island, a region where metabolic diseases are highly prevalent.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-six non-diabetic obese (body mass index [BMI]: 27-40 kg/m2) young women (aged 20-40) were randomized (G1: MFO intensity; G2: 60% of VO2-peak intensity; G3: free moderate-intensity at-home exercise following good physical practices).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthropometry (BMI, bodyweight, FM, fat-free mass), glucose (fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and lipid (cholesterol and triglycerides) profiles, and MFO values were measured at month-0, month-3 and month-5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At month-5, among 109 women assessed on body composition, the three groups exhibited a significant FM reduction over time (G1: -4.1±0.54 kg; G2: -4.7±0.53 kg; G3: -3.5±0.78 kg, p<0.001, respectively) without inter-group differences (p = 0.135). All groups exhibited significant reductions in insulin levels or HOMA-IR index, and higher MFO values over time (p<0.001, respectively) but glucose control improvement was higher in G1 than in G3 while MFO values were higher in G1 than in G2 and G3. Changes in other outcome measures and inter-group differences were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our RCT the LIPOXmax intervention did not show a superiority in reducing FM in overweight or obese women but is associated with higher MFO and better glucose control improvements. Other studies are required before proposing LIPOXmax training for the prevention of T2DM in overweight or obese women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClincialTrials.gov NCT01464073.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Besnier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Victorine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lenclume
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gérardin
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fianu
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naty
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porcherat
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boussaid
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneebeli
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of La Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jarlet
authors.affiliation: UMR DETROI, INSERM U1188, University of La Reunion, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatia
authors.affiliation: Intercultural Determinants of Motricity and Sports Performance Research Group (DIMPS), University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, La Réunion.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalleau
authors.affiliation: Intercultural Determinants of Motricity and Sports Performance Research Group (DIMPS), University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, La Réunion.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verkindt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology (CERAMM, U1046 INSERM), University Hospital of Montpellier, France, UMR9214 CNRS, « physiology and experimental medicine: heart-muscles », University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Frédéric
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.affiliation: UMR DETROI, INSERM U1188, University of La Reunion, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion.
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gonthier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1410, Saint-Pierre, F-97410, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Favier
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D057285:Precision Medicine; D017508:Reunion / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids