title: Emission Timetable and Quantitative Patterns of Wound-Induced Volatiles Across Different Leaf Damage Treatments in Aspen (Populus Tremula).
abstract: Plant-feeding herbivores can generate complex patterns of foliar wounding, but it is unclear how wounding-elicited volatile emissions scale with the severity of different wounding types, and there is no common protocol for wounding experiments. We investigated the rapid initial response to wounding damage generated by different numbers of straight cuts and punctures through leaf lamina as well as varying area of lamina squeezing in the temperate deciduous tree Populus tremula. Wounding-induced volatile emission time-courses were continuously recorded by a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass-spectrometer. After the mechanical wounding, an emission cascade was rapidly elicited resulting in sequential emissions of key stress volatiles methanol, acetaldehyde, and volatiles of the lipoxygenase pathway, collectively constituting more than 97% of the total emission. The maximum emission rates, reached after one to three minutes after wounding, and integrated emissions during the burst were strongly correlated with the severity in all damage treatments. For straight cuts and punch hole treatments, the emissions per cut edge length were constant, indicating a direct proportionality. Our results are useful for screening wounding-dependent emission capacities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. Miguel.PortilloEstrada@uantwerpen.be.|Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium. Miguel.PortilloEstrada@uantwerpen.be.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portillo-Estrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. Taras.Kazantsev@emu.ee.
authors.forename: Taras
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazantsev
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. Eero.Talts@emu.ee.
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Talts
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. Tiina.Tosens@emu.ee.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tosens
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. Ylo.Niinemets@emu.ee.|Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia. Ylo.Niinemets@emu.ee.
authors.forename: Ülo
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Niinemets
mesh_terms: D060434:Herbivory; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D032107:Populus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014197:Trees / Q000378:metabolism; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Abiotic stress; Green volatiles; Hexenal; LOX products; Mass spectrometry; Proton-transfer-reaction