title: Modified CBT using visualization for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), anxiety and avoidance behavior--a quasi-experimental open pilot study.
abstract: In recent studies it has been suggested that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is beneficial to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but that the method needs to be modified in relation to their cognitive profile. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of modified CBT, that is, using visualized language throughout the entire session for clients with ASD and anxiety and avoidance behavior. The modification of CBT in this study consists of focusing on CBT protocols for anxiety disorders and depression, while visualizing and systematizing "the invisible" in the conversation, in order for the clients to understand the social, cognitive and emotional context of self and others and how they should interact to avoid misunderstandings. ASD clients may need help to detect the invisible code of social interaction and communication. The level of anxiety and the frequency of target behavior were measured. Four assessments were made, two at the pre-assessment, and one in mid-therapy and end of therapy respectively. Generally, results suggest no improvement during pre-treatment period but a significant improvement during treatment. The values of the clients' psychological, social and occupational ability to function improved on the Global Function Rating scale. The preliminary conclusion of this pilot study indicates that the use of visualized language throughout the CBT therapy sessions is a promising modification of current CBT protocols for individuals with ASD. After manualization, larger studies with randomized controlled study designs can replicate or challenge these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Section of Psychology, Karlstad University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Section of Psychology, Karlstad University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Arto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012919:Social Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ASD; anxiety; mindblindness; modified CBT; visualization