title: Use of additive and pretreatment to control odors in municipal kitchen waste during aerobic composting.
abstract: The effects of adding a bulking agent and chemically pretreating municipal kitchen waste before aerobic composting were studied using a laboratory-scale system. The system used 20-L reactors and each test lasted 28days. The objective was to decrease NH3 and H2S emissions during composting. The bulking agent, dry cornstalks, was mixed with the kitchen waste to give a mixture containing 15% (wet weight) bulking agent. A combined treatment was also conducted, in which kitchen waste mixed with the bulking agent was pretreated with ferric chloride (FeCl3). Less leachate was produced by the composted kitchen waste mixed with bulking agent than by the kitchen waste alone, when the materials had reached the required maturity. The presence of cornstalks also caused less H2S to be emitted, but had little impact on the amount of NH3 emitted. The FeCl3 was found to act as an effective chemical flocculant, and its presence significantly decreased the amounts of NH3 and H2S emitted. Kitchen waste mixed with cornstalks and treated with FeCl3 emitted 42% less NH3 and 76% less H2S during composting than did pure kitchen waste.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Qingyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Zhiye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: ligx@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guoxue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Wenhai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Difang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D002947:Cities; D003296:Cooking; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D010100:Oxygen; C024555:ferric chloride; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Aerobic composting; Ammonia; Hydrogen sulfide; Kitchen waste; Pretreatment