title: A colorimetric, ratiometric and water-soluble fluorescent probe for simultaneously sensing glutathione and cysteine/homocysteine.
abstract: A chlorinated coumarin-aldehyde was developed as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for distinguishing glutathione (GSH), cystenine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). The GSH-induced substitution-cyclization and Cys/Hcy-induced substitution-rearrangement cascades lead to the corresponding thiol-coumarin-iminium cation and amino-coumarin-aldehyde with distinct photophysical properties. The probe can be used to simultaneously detect GSH and Cys/Hcy by visual determination based on distinct different colors - red and pale-yellow in PBS buffer solution by two reaction sites. From the linear relationship of fluorescence intensity and biothiols concentrations, it was determined that the limits of detection for GSH, Hcy and Cys are 0.08, 0.09 and 0.18 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the probe was successfully used in living cell imaging with low cell toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China. Electronic address: miaojy@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China. Electronic address: bxzhao@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bao-Xiang
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006710:Homocysteine; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: Cell imaging; Coumarin; Fluorescent probe; Glutathione; Ratiometric