title: Laboratory Profiles of Patients on Hemodialysis - A Retrospective One Year Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to be 8-16%. Studies have shown that the increased mortality in patients with CKD is due to anemia that leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD), also known as "Cardio renal anemia syndrome". The present study was undertaken to look into the laboratory profiles of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the laboratory profiles of End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients coming for hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a retrospective, cross- sectional study done by collecting data from the medical case records of all patients during a period of one year from January 1(st) 2014 to December 31(st) 2014. Records of a total of 140 patients who underwent hemodialysis during this period were taken. The laboratory profiles that was recorded included haemoglobin, serum sodium, potassium, chloride, fasting glucose, calcium and phosphorus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the subjects was 53.5±14.5 yrs. All the patients had moderate anaemia. There was a significant difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and serum urea values between males and females. The mean serum calcium levels were low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first such study in this rural area and shows evidence of a relatively young population with ESRD having moderate anaemia and hypertension. There is evidence of hypocalcaemia and serum phosphorus is on the higher end of the normal range. These findings are usually associated with a higher risk of mortality. With the explosion of diabetes and hypertension in India, chronic kidney disease should be diagnosed and managed as early as possible if not prevented.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (Dr. PSIMS & RF) Chinnavutapalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Udipi Badikillaya
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Vijayalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Tutor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (Dr. PSIMS & RF) Chinnavutapalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Manasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rayidi
keywords: Anaemia; Chronic kidney disease; End stage renal disease; Hemodialysis