title: Simultaneous attenuation of pharmaceuticals, organic matter, and nutrients in wastewater effluent through managed aquifer recharge: Batch and column studies.
abstract: Batch and column experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal of organic matter, nutrients, and pharmaceuticals and to identify the removal mechanisms of the target contaminants. The sands used in the experiments were obtained from the Youngsan River located in South Korea. Neutral and cationic pharmaceuticals (iopromide, estrone, and trimethoprim) were removed with efficiencies greater than 80% from different sand media during experiments, due to the effect of sorption between sand and pharmaceuticals. However, the anionic pharmaceuticals (sulfamethoxazole, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac) were more effectively removed by natural sand, compared to baked sand. These observations were mainly attributed to biodegradation under natural conditions of surface organic matter and ATP concentrations. The removal of organic matter and nitrogen was also found to increase under biotic conditions. Therefore, it is indicated that biodegradation plays an important role and act as major mechanisms for the removal of organic matter, nutrients, and selected pharmaceuticals during sand passage and the managed aquifer recharge, which is an effective treatment method for removing target contaminants. However, the low removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals (e.g., carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole) require additional processes (e.g., AOPs, NF and RO membrane), a long residence time, and long travel distance for increasing the removal efficiencies.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Huncheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Inseol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chpark@uos.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chul Hwi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hcchoi@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Heechul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002412:Cations; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis; D005502:Food; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D060587:Groundwater; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000032:analysis; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002412:Cations; D004970:Estrone; D007472:Iohexol; D009584:Nitrogen; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D014295:Trimethoprim; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C038192:iopromide
keywords: Managed aquifer recharge; Nutrients; Organic matter; Pharmaceuticals; Riverbank filtration