title: Exploring Distress Caused by Blame for a Negative Patient Outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore blame-related distress (B-RD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No research exists describing the incidence and characteristics of consequences of blame.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey research was used to explore the incidence, characteristics, and consequences of the distress caused by blame in the workplace.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B-RD is prevalent among intensive care and oncology staff. Participants reported an organizational impact to B-RD in terms of staff morale, turnover, and employee health. Management, physicians, and peers were the most frequently cited source of blame.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A proposed model is described to relate blame to other similar constructs.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: EBP/Research Liaison (Dr Davidson) and Clinical Nurse, Moore's Cancer Center (Ms Chakedis), UC San Diego Health; and Director (Dr Agan), Operations Integration, Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Judy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Agan
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakedis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009013:Morale; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D061214:Patient Safety; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*