title: The migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals during the hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge.
abstract: Various hydrothermal treatment methods, including hydrothermal carbonization, liquefaction and sub/super-critical water gasification, have been applied to the disposal of sewage sludge for producing bio-materials or bio-fuels. It has become a research hotspot whether the heavy metals contained in sewage sludge can be well treated/stabilized after the hydrothermal treatments. This review firstly summarized the methods of assessing heavy metals' contamination level/risk and then discussed the migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals from the following aspects: the effect of reaction temperature, the effect of additives (catalysts and other biomass), the effect of the type of solvent and the effect of reaction time. This review can provide an important reference for the further study of the migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals during the hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge.
authors.affiliation: School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China. Electronic address: huanghuajun2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Hua-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Xing-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chemical speciation transformation; Heavy metals; Hydrothermal treatment; Re-distribution behavior; Sewage sludge