title: Nickel toxicity to benthic organisms: The role of dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, and route of exposure.
abstract: Nickel bioavailability is reduced in the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended solids (TSS), and other complexing ligands; however, no studies have examined the relative importance of Ni exposure through different compartments (water, sediment, food). Hyalella azteca and Lymnaea stagnalis were exposed to Ni-amended water, sediment, and food, either separately or in combination. Both organisms experienced survival and growth effects in several Ni compartment tests. The DOC amendments attenuated L. stagnalis Ni effects (survival, growth, and (62)Ni bioaccumulation), and presence of TSS exposures demonstrated both protective and synergistic effects on H. azteca and L. stagnalis. (62)Ni trophic transfer from food to H. azteca and L. stagnalis was negligible; however, bioaccumulating (62)Ni was attributed to (62)Ni-water ((62)Ni flux from food), (62)Ni-TSS, and (62)Ni-food. Overall, H. azteca and L. stagnalis Ni compartment toxicity increased in the following order: Ni-water >> Ni-sediment >> Ni-all (water, sediment, food) >> Ni-food.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA. Electronic address: kevin.custer@wright.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
authors.forename: Chad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hammerschmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: G Allen
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000502:physiology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000662:veterinary; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Hyalella; Lymnaea; Nickel; Sediment toxicity