title: ATM and ATR signaling at a glance.
abstract: ATM and ATR signaling pathways are well conserved throughout evolution and are central to the maintenance of genome integrity. Although the role of both ATM and ATR in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis have been well studied, both still remain in the focus of current research activities owing to their role in cancer. Recent advances in the field suggest that these proteins have an additional function in maintaining cellular homeostasis under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present an overview of recent advances in ATR and ATM research with emphasis on that into the modes of ATM and ATR activation, the different signaling pathways they participate in - including those that do not involve DNA damage - and highlight their relevance in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg 80, Lucknow 226001, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Poorwa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.affiliation: IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), IFOM-IEO Campus Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy DSBB-Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy marco.foiani@ifom.eu amit.kumar@iitr.res.in.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foiani
authors.affiliation: Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg 80, Lucknow 226001, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow 226001, India marco.foiani@ifom.eu amit.kumar@iitr.res.in.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
keywords: ATM; ATR; Cell cycle; DNA damage; Genome integrity