title: Manipulating mammalian cell by phase transformed titanium surface fabricated through ultra-short pulsed laser synthesis.
abstract: Developing cell sensitive indicators on interacting substrates that allows specific cell manipulation by a combination of physical, chemical or mechanical cues is a challenge for current biomaterials. Hence, various fabrication approaches have been created on a variety of substrates to mimic or create cell specific cues. However, to achieve cell specific cues a multistep process or a post-chemical treatment is often necessitated. So, a simple approach without any chemical or biological treatment would go a long way in developing bio-functionalized substrates to effectively modulate cell adhesion and interaction. The present investigation is aimed to study the manipulative activity induced by phase transformed titanium surface. An ultra-short laser is used to fabricate the phase transformed titanium surface where a polymorphic titanium oxide phases with titanium monoxide (TiO), tri-titanium oxide (Ti3O) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been synthesized on commercially pure titanium. Control over oxide phase transformed area was demonstrated via a combination of laser scanning time (laser pulse interaction time) and laser pulse widths (laser pulse to pulse separation time). The interaction of phase transformed titanium surface with NIH3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells developed a new bio-functionalized platforms on titanium based biomaterials to modulate cell migration and adhesion. The synthesized phase transformed titanium surface on the whole appeared to induce directional cues for cell migration with unique preferential cell adhesion unseen by other fabrication approaches. The precise bio-functionalization controllability exhibited during fabrication offers perceptible edge for developing a variety of smart bio-medical devices, implants and cardiovascular stents where the need in supressing specific cell adhesion and proliferation is of great demand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. Electronic address: sivaprasad.chinnakka@ryerson.ca.
authors.forename: Sivaprasad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chinnakkannu Vijayakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Krishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Venkatakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bio-functionalization; MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell; NIH3T3 fibroblast cell; Phase transformed surface; Polymorphic titanium oxide phases