title: The Effectiveness of Gaze-Contingent Control in Computer Games.
abstract: Eye-tracking technology and gaze-contingent control in human-computer interaction have become an objective reality. This article reports on a series of eye-tracking experiments, in which we concentrated on one aspect of gaze-contingent interaction: Its effectiveness compared with mouse-based control in a computer strategy game. We propose a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of interaction based on "the time of recognition" the game unit. In this article, we use this measure to compare gaze- and mouse-contingent systems, and we present the analysis of the differences as a function of the number of game units. Our results indicate that performance of gaze-contingent interaction is typically higher than mouse manipulation in a visual searching task. When tested on 60 subjects, the results showed that the effectiveness of gaze-contingent systems over 1.5 times higher. In addition, we obtained that eye behavior stays quite stabile with or without mouse interaction.
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, School of Computing, Joensuu, Finland Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, St.Petersburg, Russia paul.a.orlov@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, St.Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Nikolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apraksin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001288:Attention; D003118:Color Perception; D003199:Computer Systems; D003867:Depth Perception; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Unity3D; eye movement; eye-tracking; games; gaze-contingent