title: Performing Isometric Force Control in Combination with a Cognitive Task: A Multidimensional Assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We used a multidimensional approach to study isometric force control in single and dual-task conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple measures of performance, efficiency, variability, and structural interference were calculated at low and higher force levels under single (force maintenance) and dual-task (force maintenance and reaction time) conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reaction time and signal-to-noise ratio were larger in the dual-task conditions. They were also greater for the higher force condition, while sample entropy was lower. Perturbation analyses revealed smaller relative amplitude of downward perturbations for the higher force level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attentional effort and efficiency are positively related when force level increases, and inversely related to entropy. These relations were presumably mediated by attentional investment. Behavioral perturbations show that attentional resources and structural interference models are not mutually exclusive to account for dual-task situation. Overall, the present study highlights the interest of a multidimensional assessment of force control.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Temprado
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vieluf
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Marseille, France.|Collège Ostéopathique de Provence, Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bricot
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berton
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Marseille, France.|Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sleimen-Malkoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001519:Behavior; D003071:Cognition; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult