title: Artificially produced rare-earth free cosmic magnet.
abstract: Chemically ordered hard magnetic L10-FeNi phase of higher grade than cosmic meteorites is produced artificially. Present alloy design shortens the formation time from hundreds of millions of years for natural meteorites to less than 300 hours. Electron diffraction detects four-fold 110 superlattice reflections and a high chemical order parameter (S  0.8) for the developed L10-FeNi phase. The magnetic field of more than 3.5 kOe is required for the switching of magnetization. Experimental results along with computer simulation suggest that the ordered phase is formed due to three factors related to the amorphous state: high diffusion rates of the constituent elements at lower temperatures when crystallizing, a large driving force for precipitation of the L10 phase, and the possible presence of L10 clusters. Present results can resolve mineral exhaustion issues in the development of next-generation hard magnetic materials because the alloys are free from rare-earth elements, and the technique is well suited for mass production.
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Parmanand
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takenaka