title: Ranolazine for the treatment of chronic stable angina: a cost-effectiveness analysis from the UK perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost-effectiveness of ranolazine when added to standard-of-care (SoC) antianginals compared with SoC alone in patients with stable coronary disease experiencing ≥3 attacks/week.
  
  
  METHODS
  An economic model utilising a UK health system perspective, a 1-month cycle-length and a 1-year time horizon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stable coronary disease experiencing ≥3 attacks/week starting in 1 of 4 angina frequency health states based on Seattle Angina Questionnaire Angina Frequency (SAQAF) scores (100=no; 61-99=monthly; 31-60=weekly; 0-30=daily angina).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ranolazine added to SoC or SoC alone. Patients were allowed to transition between SAQAF states (first cycle only) or death (any cycle) based on probabilities derived from the randomised, controlled Efficacy of Ranolazine in Chronic Angina trial and other studies. Patients not responding to ranolazine in month 1 (not improving ≥1 SAQAF health state) discontinued ranolazine and were assumed to behave like SoC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Costs (£2014) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for patients receiving and not receiving ranolazine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ranolazine patients lived a mean of 0.701 QALYs at a cost of £5208. Those not receiving ranolazine lived 0.662 QALYs at a cost of £5318. The addition of ranolazine to SoC was therefore a dominant economic strategy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was sensitive to ranolazine cost; exceeding £20,000/QALY when ranolazine's cost was >£203/month. Ranolazine remained a dominant strategy when indirect costs were included and mortality rates were assumed to increase with worsening severity of SAQAF health states. Monte Carlo simulation found ranolazine to be a dominant strategy in ∼71% of 10,000 iterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although UK-specific data on ranolazine's efficacy and safety are lacking, our analysis suggest ranolazine added to SoC in patients with weekly or daily angina is likely cost-effective from a UK health system perspective.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy and Evidence-Based Practice Center, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Craig I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.affiliation: University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freemantle
authors.affiliation: University of Saint Joseph, School of Pharmacy, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Christine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kohn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D000069458:Ranolazine / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D000069458:Ranolazine
keywords: CARDIOLOGY; HEALTH ECONOMICS