title: Frequencies of spontaneous breast development and spontaneous menarche in Turner syndrome in Japan.
abstract: The Growject® database on human GH treatment in Turner syndrome was analyzed in the Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, and the relationships of the frequencies of spontaneous breast development and spontaneous menarche with karyotype and GH treatment were investigated. One hundred and three cases started GH treatment with 0.5 IU/kg/ week (0.5 IU group), and their dose was increased to 0.35 mg/kg/wk midway through the treatment course. Another 109 cases started GH at a dose of 0.35 mg/kg/wk (0.35 mg group). Spontaneous breast development was observed in 77 (36.3%) of the 212 patients, and spontaneous menarche occurred in 31 patients (14.6%). The frequency of spontaneous breast development was significantly lower in patients with the 45,X karyotype and significantly higher in patients with a structural abnormality of the second X chromosome. The frequency of spontaneous menarche was significantly higher in patients with mosaicism characterized by X monosomy and a cellular line with no structural abnormality of the X chromosome. No significant differences in frequencies of spontaneous breast development and spontaneous menarche were observed between the two dose groups, indicating that GH treatment does not increase the frequency of spontaneous puberty.
authors.affiliation: Tanaka Growth Clinic, Tokyo, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Igarashi Children's Clinic, Sendai, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Osaka University, Osaka, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.affiliation: University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Ogawa Clinic, Nagoya, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: J.F. Oberlin University, Machida, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.affiliation: Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onigata
authors.affiliation: Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan ; Present: Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Kasuga, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.affiliation: JCHO Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.affiliation: Chiba City Ryoiku Center, Chiba, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Ashiya, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.affiliation: Keio University, Tokyo, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keinosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorifuji
authors.affiliation: National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.affiliation: National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan ; Turner Syndrome Research Collaboration, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoya
keywords: GH treatment; Turner syndrome; chromosome; spontaneous breast development; spontaneous menarche