title: Pharmacological treatment of spondyloarthritis: exploring the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological therapies.
abstract: Spondyloarthritis represents a heterogeneous group of articular inflammatory diseases that share common genetic, clinical and radiological features. The therapy target of spondyloarthritis relies mainly in improving patients' quality of life, controlling articular inflammation, preventing the structural joints damage and preserving the functional abilities, autonomy and social participation of patients. Among these, traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have been demonstrated to be effective in the management of peripheral arthritis; moreover, in the last decade, biological therapies have improved the approach to spondyloarthritis. In patients with axial spondyloarthritis, tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors are currently the only effective therapy in patients for whom conventional therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has failed. The aim of this review is to summarize the current experience and evidence about the pharmacological approach in spondyloarthritis patients.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Puente
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo Nicola Dario
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Di Minno
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gelsy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lupoli
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II - Via Sergio Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peluso
keywords: biological therapies; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; spondyloarthritis