title: Screening and identification of three typical phenylethanoid glycosides metabolites from Cistanches Herba by human intestinal bacteria using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS.
abstract: Acteoside, isoacteoside, and 2'-acetylacteoside are three representative phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), which are widely distributed in many plants and also known as the active components of Cistanches Herba. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of acteoside in rats implies that these structural similar components may go through multiple sequential routes of hydrolysis in gastrointestinal tract before they are absorbed into blood. Therefore, the metabolites of these three components and other PhGs from gastrointestinal tract such as echinacoside, are supposed to be the bioactive elements. In this study, we established an approach combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) with MS(E) technology and MetaboLynx™ software for the rapid metabolic profiling of acteoside, isoacteoside, and 2'-acetylacteoside by human intestinal bacteria. As a result, 11 metabolites of acteoside, 7 metabolites of isoacteoside, and 11 metabolites of 2'-acetylacteoside were identified respectively. 8 metabolic pathways including deglycosylation, de-rhamnose, de-hydroxytyrosol, de-caffeoyl, deacetylation, reduction, acetylation, and sulfate conjugation were proposed to involve in the generation of these metabolites. Furthermore, we found that the degraded metabolites hydroxytyrosol (HT) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic (3-HPP) were transformed from acteoside, isoacteoside, and 2'-acetylacteoside by human intestinal bacteria and demonstrated similar bioactivities to their precursors. These findings are significant for our understanding of the metabolism of PhGs and the proposed metabolic pathways of bioactive components might be crucial for further pharmacokinetic evaluations of Cistanches Herba.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China. Electronic address: xbli@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D031671:Cistanche; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 2′-acetylacteoside; Acteoside; Human intestinal bacteria; Isoacteoside; Metabolic profile; UPLC/Q-TOF-MS