title: Microsphere integrated microfluidic disk: synergy of two techniques for rapid and ultrasensitive dengue detection.
abstract: The application of microfluidic devices in diagnostic systems is well-established in contemporary research. Large specific surface area of microspheres, on the other hand, has secured an important position for their use in bioanalytical assays. Herein, we report a combination of microspheres and microfluidic disk in a unique hybrid platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of dengue virus. Surface engineered polymethacrylate microspheres with carefully designed functional groups facilitate biorecognition in a multitude manner. In order to maximize the utility of the microspheres' specific surface area in biomolecular interaction, the microfluidic disk was equipped with a micromixing system. The mixing mechanism (microballoon mixing) enhances the number of molecular encounters between spheres and target analyte by accessing the entire sample volume more effectively, which subsequently results in signal amplification. Significant reduction of incubation time along with considerable lower detection limits were the prime motivations for the integration of microspheres inside the microfluidic disk. Lengthy incubations of routine analytical assays were reduced from 2 hours to 5 minutes while developed system successfully detected a few units of dengue virus. Obtained results make this hybrid microsphere-microfluidic approach to dengue detection a promising avenue for early detection of this fatal illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aeinehvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Abderazak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benzina
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hussin A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rothan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rohana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Koole
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 92697, United States.|Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 92697, United States.
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Madou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.|Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fatimah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D003715:Dengue / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003716:Dengue Virus; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids