title: Effect of cell seeding on neotissue formation in a tissue engineered trachea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical management of long segment tracheal disease is limited by a paucity of donor tissue and poor performance of synthetic materials. A potential solution is the development of a tissue-engineered tracheal graft (TETG) which promises an autologous airway conduit with growth capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created a TETG by vacuum seeding bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) on a polymeric nanofiber scaffold. First, we evaluated the role of scaffold porosity on cell seeding efficiency in vitro. We then determined the effect of cell seeding on graft performance in vivo using an ovine model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seeding efficiency of normal porosity (NP) grafts was significantly increased when compared to high porosity (HP) grafts (NP: 360.3 ± 69.19 × 10(3) cells/mm(2); HP: 133.7 ± 22.73 × 10(3) cells/mm(2); p<0.004). Lambs received unseeded (n=2) or seeded (n=3) NP scaffolds as tracheal interposition grafts for 6 weeks. Three animals were terminated early owing to respiratory complications (n=2 unseeded, n=1 seeded). Seeded TETG explants demonstrated wound healing, epithelial migration, and delayed stenosis when compared to their unseeded counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vacuum seeding BM-MNCs on nanofiber scaffolds for immediate implantation as tracheal interposition grafts is a viable approach to generate TETGs, but further preclinical research is warranted before advocating this technology for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Best
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Avenue - Suite 670, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Ekene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onwuka
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205.
authors.forename: Tadahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210; Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolon
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niehaus
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205.
authors.forename: Iyore
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205.
authors.forename: Narutoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hibino
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinoka
authors.affiliation: Nanofiber Solutions, Inc., 1275 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212.
authors.forename: Jed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - Suite WB4154, Columbus, OH 43205; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205. Electronic address: Christopher.Breuer@NationwideChildrens.org.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Breuer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D009000:Monocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D057139:Nanofibers; D011108:Polymers; D012756:Sheep; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014132:Trachea / Q000254:growth & development*; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: Bone marrow mononuclear cells; Electrospinning; Large animal model; Tissue engineering; Trachea; Vacuum seeding