title: T cell polarizing properties of probiotic bacteria.
abstract: Different commensal bacteria employed as probiotics have been shown to be endowed with immunomodulatory properties and to actively interact with antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. In particular, different strains of probiotic bacteria may induce the secretion of a discrete cytokine profile able to induce divergent T cell polarization. Here, we briefly review current knowledge regarding the effects of different species and strains of probiotic bacteria on T cell polarization. Given that the loss of intestinal homeostasis is frequently associated with an aberrant T cell polarization profile, a comprehensive knowledge of the immunomodulatory potential of these bacteria is crucial for their employment in the management of human immune-mediated pathologies, such as allergies or inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barberi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Pasquale
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabbani Khorasgani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital - A.O.U. Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: guido.ferlazzo@unime.it.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferlazzo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital - A.O.U. Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonaccorsi
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D019936:Probiotics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Dendritic cells; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Probiotic bacteria; T-cell polarization