title: A randomised controlled trial of two supervised exercise regimens and their impact on inflammatory burden in patients with intermittent claudication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assesses the impact of treadmill-based SET alone or in combination with resistance training on systemic inflammatory response, in patients with intermittent claudication (IC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with IC were randomised to 12 weeks of treadmill-only SET (Group 1) or a combination of treadmill and lower-limb resistance SET (Group 2). A panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were assessed before, during and after the SET.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the duration of SET, homocysteine increased within Group 1 (12.0-15.5 µmol/L, p = 0.003) but not Group 2, (13.7-14.7 µmol/) while neutrophil elastase (NE) increased within Group 2 (174.5-238.2 ng/mL, p = 0.007) but not Group 1 (300.8-312.0 ng/mL). In both groups NE increased following acute exercise at the start of the SET. Differences in cytokine expression was evident between the two groups (in Group 1, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma decreased following an acute bout of exercise at the end of SET, where as in Group 2 pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and 8 were seen to increase after an acute bout of exercise at the end of SET).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SET in patients with IC influences the complex immune-modulatory state of atherosclerosis through inflammatory pathways that induce both pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ian.spark@health.sa.gov.au.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Spark
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training; D013021:South Australia; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Peripheral arterial disease; cytokines; inflammation; intermittent claudication; supervised exercise training