title: Use of CLIA-waived point-of-care tests for infectious diseases in community pharmacies in the United States.
abstract: Review of point-of-care (POC) testing in community pharmacies, availability and specifications of CLIA-waived infectious disease POC tests, and provide recommendations for future community pharmacy POC models in an effort to improve patient outcomes while reducing antibiotic resistance. PubMed and Medscape were searched for the following keywords: infectious disease, community pharmacy, rapid diagnostic tests, rapid assay, and POC tests. All studies utilizing POC tests in community pharmacies for infectious disease were included. Studies, articles, recommendations, and posters were reviewed and information categorized into general implementation of POC testing in community pharmacies, CLIA-waived tests available, Influenza, Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis, Helicobacter pylori, HIV and Hepatitis C. POC testing provides a unique opportunity for community pharmacists to implement collaborative disease management programmes for infectious diseases and reduce over-prescribing of antibiotics and improve patient outcomes through early detection, treatment and/or referral to a specialist.
authors.affiliation: a Ferris State University College of Pharmacy , Kalamazoo , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Natalie C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: a Ferris State University College of Pharmacy , Kalamazoo , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Klepser
authors.affiliation: b Washington State University College of Pharmacy , Spokane , WA , USA.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Akers
authors.affiliation: c University of Nebraska Medical Center School of Pharmacy , Omaha , NE , USA.
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Klepser
authors.affiliation: d National Association of Chain Drug Stores , Arlington , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States
keywords: CLIA-waived tests; HIV; Hepatitis C; Point-of-care test; infectious diseases; influenza; pharmacy; streptococcal pharyngitis