title: Retinol binding protein 4 in relation to diet, inflammation, immunity, and cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood. It is also an adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. RBP4 seems to be correlated with cardiometabolic markers in inflammatory chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has recently been suggested that inflammation produced by RBP4 induces insulin resistance and CVD. The clinical relevance of this hypothesis is discussed in this review. Knowledge concerning the association of RBP4 with inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and CVDs as well as concerning the role of diet and antioxidants in decreasing RBP4 concentrations are discussed. Special attention is given to methodologies used in previously published studies and covariates that should be controlled when planning new studies on this adipokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics and.
authors.forename: Fateme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zabetian-Targhi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and.
authors.forename: Mohammad J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics and m-mahmoudi@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
keywords: adipokines; antioxidants; cardiovascular diseases; diet; immunity; inflammation; retinol binding protein 4