title: Urinary Output Predicts Survival in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Following Cardiovascular Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation represents a valuable and rapidly evolving therapeutic option in patients with severe heart or lung failure following cardiovascular surgery. However, survival remains poor and accurate risk stratification challenging. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of urinary output within 24 hours after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation on mortality in patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support following cardiovascular surgery and aimed to improve established risk prediction models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, observational registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 205 patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy following cardiovascular surgery at a university-affiliated tertiary-care center into our single-centre registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up time of 35 months (interquartile range, 19-69), 64% of patients died. Twenty-four-hour urinary output was the strongest predictor of outcome among renal function variables with an adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.40-0.76; p < 0.001) for 30-day mortality and of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53-0.86; p = 0.002) for 2-year long-term mortality. Most remarkably, 24-hour urinary output showed additional prognostic value beyond that achievable with the simplified acute physiology score-3 and sequential organ failure assessment score indicated by improvements in the category-free net reclassification index for 30-day mortality (simplified acute physiology score-3: 36%, p = 0.015; sequential organ failure assessment score: 36%, p = 0.02), as well as for 2-year mortality (simplified acute physiology score-3: 33%, p = 0.02; sequential organ failure assessment score: 43%, p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified 24-hour urinary output as a strong and easily available predictor of mortality in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy following cardiovascular surgery. Implementation of 24-hour urinary output leads to a substantial improvement of established risk prediction models in this vulnerable patient population. These results are particularly compelling because measurement of urinary output is inexpensive and routinely performed in all critical care units.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.3Department of Cardiac Surgery, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.4Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.5Department of Cardiotharacic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Distelmaier
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Lore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schrutka
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffelner
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koinig
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinlechner
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niessner
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goliasch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063305:Organ Dysfunction Scores; D011379:Prognosis; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014556:Urine