title: Clinical Inquiry: How effective are opioids for chronic low back pain?
abstract: Short-term (<4 months) treatment with opioids provides modest relief of chronic low back pain, but only minimal improvement in function compared with placebo.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy and Department of Family Medicine, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hooper-Lane
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal