title: Sonodynamic treatment as an innovative bimodal anticancer approach: shock wave-mediated tumor growth inhibition in a syngeneic breast cancer model.
abstract: Despite the great advances in fighting cancer, many therapies still have serious side effects, thus urging the development of highly selective and safe treatments with a wide range of applicability. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an innovative bimodal anticancer approach in which two normally non-toxic components -- one chemical, a sonosensitizer, and one physical, ultrasound -- selectively combine to cause oxidative damage and subsequent cancer cell death. In this study, we investigate the anticancer effect of SDT using shock waves (SWs) to activate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) cytotoxicity on a Mat B-III syngeneic rat breast cancer model. The SDT-treated group saw a significant decrease (p<0.001) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor size measurements 72 hours after treatment with PpIX precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and SWs. This occurred together with significant increase (p<0.01) in apparent diffusion coefficients between pre- and post-treatment MR tumor maps and strong increase in necrotic and apoptotic histological features 72 hours post-treatment. Moreover, significant HIF1A mRNA expression up-regulation was observed along with the prominent selective cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and increased autophagy related protein LC3A/B expression in SDT-treated tumors, as compared to untreated tumors 72 hours post-treatment. Thus, the anticancer effect of SDT can be boosted by SWs, making them a valid technology for furthering investigations into this innovative anticancer approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foglietta
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canaparo
authors.affiliation: Institut de Physiologie, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 5, 1770 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francovich
authors.affiliation: Center of Preclinical Imaging, University of Torino, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Civera
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cravotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frairia
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serpe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D014465:Ultrasonics