title: Genetic risk factors in patients with deep venous thrombosis, a retrospective case control study on Iranian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) could be manifested as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT is usually the more common manifestation and is usually formation of a thrombus in the deep veins of lower extremities. DVT could occur without known underlying cause (idiopathic thrombosis) which could be a consequence of an inherited underlying risk factor or could be a consequence of provoking events, such as trauma, surgery or acute illness (provoked thrombosis). Our aim in this study was to assess the impact of some previously reported genetic risk factors including, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) 4G/5G, prothrombin 20210 and FV Leiden on occurrence of DVT in a population of Iranian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This long-term study was conducted on 182 patients with DVT and also 250 age and sex matched healthy subjects as control group. The diagnosis of DVT was based on patient's history, clinical findings, D-dimer test, and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. After confirmation of DVT, both groups were assessed for the five mentioned mutations. The relationship between mutations and predisposition to DVT was calculated by using logistic regression and expressed as an OR with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that FV Leiden (OR 6.7; 95 % CI = 2.2 to 20.3; P = 0.001), MTHFR C677T (OR 6.0; 95 % CI = 2.2 to 16.4; P < 0.001), MTHFR A1298C (OR 8.3; 95 % CI = 4.4 to 15.8; P < 0.001), and PAI-1 4G/5G (OR 3.8; 95 % CI = 2.1 to 7.2; P < 0.001) mutations were all significantly associated with an increased risk of DVT. Prothrombin 20210 was found in none of the patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that genetic risk factors have a contributory role on occurrence of DVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Soudabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalantar
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam Sadat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabibian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shamsizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorgalaleh
keywords: Deep venous thrombosis; FV Leiden; Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; Prothrombin20210