title: Personal responsibility, regret, and medical stigma among individuals living with lung cancer.
abstract: Understanding the degree to which adults with lung cancer perceive personal responsibility for their disease, personal regret for actions that may have contributed to lung cancer, and potential stigmatization from others is important, because these perceptions and experiences may be linked with treatment nonadherence, feelings of isolation, avoidance of healthcare providers, and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate rates and intensity of these types of experiences and to characterize the extent to which they are linked with smoking status and psychological adjustment in those living with lung cancer. Adults with lung cancer (N = 213) were recruited from two major cancer centers to complete a mail survey. Perceived responsibility was frequent in those who had ever smoked (74-80%), whereas regret and feelings of stigmatization were less frequent. When present, however, personal regret and stigmatization were associated with adverse psychological outcomes, particularly for never smokers. These results are consistent with the theory of stereotype threat and have clinical implications for management of people with lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Criswell
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 90425, USA. Jason.Owen@va.gov.
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Annette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000523:psychology*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012803:Sick Role; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D057545:Social Stigma; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Distress; Lung cancer; Mental health; Smoking; Stigma