title: Nocturnal eczema: Review of sleep and circadian rhythms in children with atopic dermatitis and future research directions.
abstract: Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) experience significant sleep disruption, and clinically, the disease is noted to worsen in a circadian manner at night. Epidemiologic findings highlight many negative consequences of AD, such as impaired linear growth, which is uniquely related to disturbed sleep. Clinical guidelines currently recommend assessing sleep in patients with AD as a crucial parameter of disease control with appropriate treatment. In this review we describe our current understanding of the roles of sleep cycles and circadian rhythms in the nighttime exacerbation of AD (nocturnal eczema). We present a schematic to explain the mechanism of nocturnal eczema. Treatment options for sleep disturbance and future directions for research are discussed in the context of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: afishbein@luriechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Anna B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fishbein
authors.affiliation: Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vitaterna
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Isabel M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Haugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Aakash A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bavishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and the Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Phyllis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.affiliation: Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Sleep & Pulmonology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Silverberg
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Paller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000276:immunology*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D004485:Eczema / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D012890:Sleep / Q000276:immunology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Atopic dermatitis; circadian rhythms; eczema; sleep; sleep disturbance