title: A microdroplet cell culture based high frequency somatic embryogenesis system for pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
abstract: A protocol for high frequency production of somatic embryos was worked out in pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. The protocol involved sequential employment of embryogenic callus cultures, low density cell suspension cultures and a novel microdroplet cell culture system. The microdroplet cell cultures involved culture of a single cell in 10 μI of Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with phytohormones, growth factors and phospholipid precursors. By employing the microdroplet cell cultures, single cells in isolation were grown into cell clones which developed somatic embryos. Further, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, kinetin, polyethylene glycol, putrescine, spermine, spermidine, choline chloride, ethanolamine and LiCl were supplemented to the low density cell suspension cultures and microdroplet cell cultures to screen for their cell division and somatic embryogenesis activity. Incubation of callus or the inoculum employed for low density cell suspension cultures and microdroplet cell cultures with polyethylene glycol was found critical for induction of somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis at a frequency of 1.19, 3.16 and 6.51 per 10(6) cells was achieved in the callus, low density cell suspension cultures and microdroplet cell cultures, respectively. Advantages of employing microdroplet cell cultures for high frequency production of somatic embryos and its application in genetic transformation protocols are discussed.
authors.forename: Nagan Udhaya
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Muniraj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gnanaraj
authors.forename: Vajravel
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sindhujaa
authors.forename: Maluventhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viji
authors.forename: Kumariah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manoharan
mesh_terms: D015317:Biogenic Polyamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D036561:Cajanus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture / Q000379:methods*; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D015317:Biogenic Polyamines; D003470:Culture Media; D004983:Ethanolamines; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D013535:Suspensions; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D018021:Lithium Chloride