title: Biaxial flexural strength of bilayered zirconia using various veneering ceramics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of one zirconia-based ceramic used with various veneering ceramics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zirconia core material (Katana) and five veneering ceramics (Cerabien ZR; CZR, Lava Ceram; LV, Cercon Ceram Kiss; CC, IPS e.max Ceram; EM and VITA VM9; VT) were selected. Using the powder/liquid layering technique, bilayered disk specimens (diameter: 12.50 mm, thickness: 1.50 mm) were prepared to follow ISO standard 6872:2008 into five groups according to veneering ceramics as follows; Katana zirconia veneering with CZR (K/CZR), Katana zirconia veneering with LV (K/LV), Katana zirconia veneering with CC (K/CC), Katana zirconia veneering with EM (K/EM) and Katana zirconia veneering with VT (K/VT). After 20,000 thermocycling, load tests were conducted using a universal testing machine (Instron). The BFS were calculated and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (α=0.05). The Weibull analysis was performed for reliability of strength. The mode of fracture and fractured surface were observed by SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It showed that K/CC had significantly the highest BFS, followed by K/LV. BFS of K/CZR, K/EM and K/VT were not significantly different from each other, but were significantly lower than the other two groups. Weibull distribution reported the same trend of reliability as the BFS results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the result of this study, the BFS of the bilayered zirconia/veneer composite did not only depend on the Young's modulus value of the materials. Further studies regarding interfacial strength and sintering factors are necessary to achieve the optimal strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Natravee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chantranikul
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prarom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salimee
keywords: Flexural strength; Veneering ceramic; Zirconia