title: [Infantile pyknocytosis: A cause of noenatal hemolytic anemia. Is recombinant erythropoietin an alternative to transfusion?].
abstract: Infantile pyknocytosis is a neonatal hemolytic disorder which causes anemia and icterus and is characterized by the presence of an increased number of distorted red blood cells called pyknocytes. Resolution spontaneously occurs in the first semester of life. It has been generally described as a rare entity, with an occasional family history. We report seven cases of infantile pyknocytosis observed in our hospital in 3 years. Most of the infants presented with hemolytic icterus and profound anemia that was reaching its peak by the 3rd week of life. Three neonates received one to three red blood cell transfusions, according to former recommendations. However, the following four received a treatment with recombinant erythropoietin administered subcutaneously. Only one of these four cases required a transfusion. All of them were free of hematological disease 2-3 months after completion of treatment. Infantile pyknocytosis is a recognized cause of neonatal hemolytic anemia, which requires careful examination of red cell morphology on a peripheral blood smear. The cause of this transient disorder remains unknown. Our observations show that recombinant erythropoietin therapy is effective in treating infantile pyknocytosis and increases the reticulocyte response, thus improving the hemoglobin level.
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie, pôle Mère-Enfant, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France. Electronic address: marine.bagou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagou
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie, pôle Mère-Enfant, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: Service de pédiatrie, pôle Mère-Enfant, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique, pôle Mère-Enfant, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patural
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000628:therapy*; D000751:Anemia, Neonatal / Q000628:therapy*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004913:Erythrocytes, Abnormal / Q000473:pathology*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin