title: Citrus flavonoid, naringenin, increases locomotor activity and reduces diacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle of obese ovariectomized mice.
abstract: METHODS
  Estrogen deficiency has been associated with central obesity, muscle loss and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. This study assessed naringenin accumulation in tissues and investigated the hypothesis that naringenin reverses diet-induced metabolic disturbances in obese ovariectomized mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study 1, we measured naringenin concentrations in plasma, liver, perigonadal and subcutaneous adipose tissues, and muscle of ovariectomized C57BL/6J female mice after 11 weeks of naringenin supplementation. Naringenin accumulated 5-12 times more in mice fed a 3% naringenin diet than in mice fed a 1% naringenin diet. In study 2, ovariectomized mice were fed a high-fat diet (60 kcal% fat) for 11 weeks and half of the mice were then supplemented with 3% naringenin for another 11 weeks. Dietary naringenin suppressed weight gain, lowered hyperglycemia and decreased intra-abdominal adiposity evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Naringenin-fed mice exhibited elevated locomotor activity monitored by infrared beam breaks, maintained muscle mass and reduced muscle diacylglycerol content. Real-time PCR analysis in muscle revealed decreased mRNA level for genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis and triglyceride synthesis/storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term 3% naringenin supplementation resulted in significant naringenin accumulation in plasma and tissues, associated with attenuated metabolic dysregulation and muscle loss in obese ovariectomized mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.|The OSU Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jia-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Essam M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Yung-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.|The OSU Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cotten
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kimerly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.|The OSU Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Belury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017698:Postmenopause; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D004075:Diglycerides; D044950:Flavanones; C005273:naringenin
keywords: Diacylglycerol; Locomotor activity; Muscle; Naringenin; Ovariectomy