title: Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside Inhibits the Expression of p-CREB and NR2B in the Auditory Cortex in Rats with Salicylate-Induced Tinnitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the effects of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and phosphorylated (p)-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the auditory cortex of rats with tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tinnitus-like behavior in rats was tested with the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle paradigm. We then investigated the NR2B mRNA and protein and p-CREB protein levels in the auditory cortex of tinnitus rats compared with normal rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats treated for 4 days with salicylate exhibited tinnitus. NR2B mRNA and protein and p-CREB protein levels were upregulated in these animals, with expression returning to normal levels 14 days after cessation of treatment; baseline levels of NR2B and p-CREB were also restored by GM1 administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that chronic salicylate administration induces tinnitus via upregulation of p-CREB and NR2B expression, and that GM1 can potentially be used to treat tinnitus.
authors.forename: Rui-Biao
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000633:toxicity*; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; D012980:Sodium Salicylate