title: Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Lung Disease.
abstract: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are identified as novel population of hematopoietic cells which protect the body by coordinating the innate immune response against a wide range of threats including infections, tissue damages and homeostatic disturbances. ILCs, particularly ILC2 cells, are found throughout the body including the brain. ILCs are morphologically similar to lymphocytes, express and release high levels of T-helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines but do not express classical cell-surface markers that are associated with other immune cell lineages. Three types of ILCs (ILC1, 2 & 3) have been reported depending upon the cytokines produced. ILC1 cells encompass natural killer (NK) cells and interferon (IFN)-g releasing cells; ILC2 cells release the Th2 cytokines, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and IL-33; and ILC3 cells which release IL-17 and IL-22. ILC2 cells have been implicated inmucosal reactions occurring in animal models of allergic asthma and virus-induced lung disorders resulting in the regulation of airway remodeling and tissue homeostasis. There is evidence for increased ILC2 cell numbers in allergic responses in man but little is known about the role of ILCs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Further understanding of the characteristics of ILCs such as their origin, location and phenotypes and function would help to clarify the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. In this review we will focus on the role of ILC2 cells and consider their origin, function,location and possible role in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory disorders such as asthma and COPD.
authors.affiliation: National Research Network of Respiratory Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Mehran
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marashian
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands AND Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mortaz
authors.affiliation: Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jamaati
authors.affiliation: Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alavi-Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, Massih Daneshvari Hospitaal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.affiliation: Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abedini
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garssen
authors.affiliation: Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Adcock
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Velayati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokines; IL-17; IL-22; ILCs; Respiratory tract