title: Aqueous extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucide induce gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucide (FLL) can be used to anti-cancer. However, the mechanism by which FLL mediate this effect is unclear. In the present study, aqueous extracts of FLL induced cell apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-PI double-labeling staining and hoechst 33342 staining. The protein expression of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors were analyzed by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of human gastric carcinoma cells with FLL induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner by using CCK8 assay. Consistent with the CCK8 assay, the flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of the early and terminal phase of apoptosis cells had gained after FLL treatment as compared to untreated group. Moreover, human gastric carcinoma cells were exposed to the aqueous extracts of FLL for 48 h, which resulted in an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase. Apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in human gastric carcinoma that had been treated with FLL for 48 h and then stained with Hochest 33342. Treatment of gastric carcinoma cells with increasing doses of FLL and increasing durations significantly increased the protein expression of Bax and Caspase3, decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. The expression of CDC2 and cdc25C were downregulated upon FLL treatment in human gastric carcinoma. In contrast, p53 and p21 were obviously upregulated by FLL treatment in a concentration-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirmed that FLL could induce apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma, the underlying molecular mechanisms, at least partially, through activation p21/p53 and suppression CDC2/cdc25C signaling in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen 518000, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen 518000, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen 518000, China.
authors.forename: Li-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen 518000, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen 518000, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Juan
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University Shenzhen 518000, China.
authors.forename: Ding-Guo
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: CDC2/cdc25C; Fructus Ligustri Lucide; gastric carcinoma; p53/p21