title: Modification of Silicone Elastomer Surfaces with Zwitterionic Polymers: Short-Term Fouling Resistance and Triggered Biofouling Release.
abstract: We present a method for dual-mode-management of biofouling by modifying surface of silicone elastomers with zwitterionic polymeric grafts. Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) was grafted from poly(vinylmethylsiloxane) elastomer substrates using thiol-ene click chemistry and surface-initiated, controlled radical polymerization. These surfaces exhibited both fouling resistance and triggered fouling-release functionality. The zwitterionic polymers exhibited fouling resistance over short-term (∼hours) exposure to bacteria and barnacle cyprids. The biofilms that eventually accumulated over prolonged-exposure (∼days) were easily detached by applying mechanical strain to the elastomer substrate. Such dual-functional surfaces may be useful in developing environmentally and biologically friendly coatings for biofouling management on marine, industrial, and biomedical equipment because they can obviate the use of toxic compounds.
authors.forename: Phanindhar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shivapooja
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Marine Science and Conservation, Duke University Marine Laboratory , Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orihuela
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mays
authors.affiliation: Marine Science and Conservation, Duke University Marine Laboratory , Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rittschof
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Genzer
authors.forename: Gabriel P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D057219:Biofouling; D007477:Ions; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D012833:Siloxanes; C014766:polymethylvinylsiloxane
keywords: biofouling; elastomers; fouling-resistance; silicones; zwitterionic polymers