title: Species shift and multidrug resistance of Campylobacter from chicken and swine, China, 2008-14.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens and swine during 2008-14.
  
  
  METHODS
  Campylobacter isolates were collected from samples of intestinal content and excreta from broiler chickens and swine from slaughter houses as well as conventional farms in five Chinese provinces during 2008-14. The agar dilution method was used to determine the susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates to seven antimicrobial agents. The χ(2) test and Fisher's exact test were used to perform the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 989 Campylobacter jejuni and 1991 Campylobacter coli were isolated from 10 535 samples. MIC results revealed a high prevalence of multidrug resistance among these Campylobacter isolates. In addition, we observed an apparent shift of the dominant species from C. jejuni to C. coli in chickens and this species shift coincided with an increased prevalence of macrolide-resistant C. coli. It is worth noting that almost 100% of the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter suggests that these two clinically important antibiotic classes may no longer be suitable for the treatment of human campylobacteriosis in China. Thus, enhanced surveillance and control efforts are needed to reduce antimicrobial resistance in this group of major foodborne pathogens.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yanni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Fengru
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Qijing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Zhihai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Congming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA szq@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Zhangqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*