title: G-CSF Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: Granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor (G-CSF) induces mobilization of progenitor cells but may also exert pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects. Treatment with recombinant G-CSF after acute myocardial infarction is currently under examination and has been associated with in-stent restenosis. However, it is not known whether plasma levels of endogenous G-CSF are also associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore we included 280 patients with angiographically proven stable coronary artery disease. G-CSF was measured by specific ELISA and patients were followed for a median of 30 months for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: death, myocardial infarction, re-hospitalization). Those with cardiac events during follow-up showed significant higher G-CSF levels (32.3 pg/mL IQR 21.4-40.5 pg/mL vs. 24.6 pg/mL IQR 16.4-34.9 pg/mL; p<0.05) at baseline. Patients with G-CSF plasma levels above the median had a 2-fold increased risk for MACE (p<0.05). This was independent from established cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, G-CSF above the median was a predictor of clinical in-stent restenosis after implantation of bare-metal stents (6.6% vs. 19.4%; p<0.05) but not of drug-eluting stents (7.7% vs. 7.6%; p = 0.98). This data suggests that endogenous plasma levels of G-CSF predict cardiovascular events independently from established cardiac risk factors and are associated with increased in-stent restenosis rates after implantation of bare metal stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Katsaros
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Walter S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Speidl
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Svitlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demyanets
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kastl
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Konstantin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krychtiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wonnerth
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tentzeris
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojta
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor