title: Current concepts and future potential in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.
abstract: Many trials have evaluated preoperative chemotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC). Most studies were small with conflicting results and no clear evidence of survival advantage. However, two large trials that included squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus produced opposite outcomes with one showing limited benefit and the other showing none. Recent meta-analyses suggest only a modest benefit from induction chemotherapy in the treatment of LAEC. Two factors associated with prolonged survival are: (1) an R0 resection and (2) pathological complete remission. Preoperative chemotherapy is preferred in Europe for adenocarcinomas; however, chemoradiation has been the treatment of choice in the US. The individualization and optimization of therapy for esophageal cancer patients may come from an in-depth understanding of molecular biology and the development of predictive biomarkers. The use of targeted and immunotherapy agents in the preoperative setting are also promising and warrant further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blum Murphy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elimova
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology , University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Jaffer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; esophageal cancer; preoperative chemotherapy