title: Is somatosensory amplification a risk factor for an increased report of side effects? Reference data from the German general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study investigates the association between somatosensory amplification and the reporting of side effects. It establishes a German version of the Somatosensory Amplification Scale and examines its psychometric properties in a representative sample of the German population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample size was 2.469, with 51% taking any medication. Participants answered the Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Generic Assessment of Side Effects Scale, and indicated whether they were taking any medication and the type of medication. Correlational analysis and binary logistic regression were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When examining a subsample reporting both medication intake and general bodily symptoms, participants higher in somatosensory amplification rated more of their general bodily symptoms as medication-attributed side effects. However, somatosensory amplification scores were not associated with the intake of any type of medication. In the overall sample, higher somatosensory amplification scores were associated with an increased report of bodily symptoms. Additionally, participants with higher somatosensory amplification reported intake of a greater number of different medications. The psychometric properties of the translated scale were good, and previously established associations of somatosensory amplification with demographic variables (age, sex) were replicated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest a possible attributional bias concomitant to somatosensory amplification which in turn may increase the reporting of side effects after medication intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: doeringb@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nestoriuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glaesmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brähler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rief
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Adverse effects; Nocebo; Reference data; Side effects; Somatosensory amplification