title: Psoralen Inactivation of Viruses: A Process for the Safe Manipulation of Viral Antigen and Nucleic Acid.
abstract: High consequence human pathogenic viruses must be handled at biosafety level 2, 3 or 4 and must be rendered non-infectious before they can be utilized for molecular or immunological applications at lower biosafety levels. Here we evaluate psoralen-inactivated Arena-, Bunya-, Corona-, Filo-, Flavi- and Orthomyxoviruses for their suitability as antigen in immunological processes and as template for reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. The method of virus inactivation using a psoralen molecule appears to have broad applicability to RNA viruses and to leave both the particle and RNA of the treated virus intact, while rendering the virus non-infectious.
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Loni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wronka-Edwards
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leggett-Embrey
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. peifang.sun2.ctr@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Peifang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ondov
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Travis H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rosovitz
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. sbohn1@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Sherry S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bohn
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burans
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. Tadeusz.Kochel@nbacc.dhs.gov.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D005363:Ficusin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D038301:Virus Inactivation
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D005363:Ficusin
keywords: BSL-3; BSL-4; IFA; PCR; Trizol LS; antibody; biocontainment; biosafety; inactivation; psoralen; reverse transcription; safety; sequencing; sterility; virus