title: The synergistic effect between the Mediterranean diet and GSTP1 or NAT2 SNPs decreases breast cancer risk in Greek-Cypriot women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Xenobiotic metabolism is related to the interplay between diet and breast cancer (BC) risk. This involves detoxification enzymes, which are polymorphic and metabolise various dietary metabolites. An important characteristic of this pathway is that chemoprotective micronutrients can act not only as substrates but also as inducers for these enzymes. We investigated whether functional GSTP1 (p.Ile105Val-rs1695), NAT2 (590G>A-rs1799930) SNPs and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms could modulate the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on BC risk, in Greek-Cypriot women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping was performed on women from the MASTOS case-control study of BC in Cyprus. A 32-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary intake information. A dietary pattern, which closely resembles the MD (high loadings of vegetables, fruit, legumes and fish), was previously derived with principal component analysis and was used as our dietary variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTT1 null genotype increased BC risk compared with the homozygous non-null GSTT1 genotype (OR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.01-1.45). Increasing adherence to the MD reduced BC risk in women with at least one GSTP1 Ile allele (OR for Ile/Ile = 0.84, 95 % CI 0.74-0.95, for Ile/Val = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.62-0.85) or one NAT2 590G allele (OR for 590 GG = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.63-0.83, for 590 GA = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.70-0.94). p interaction values were not, however, statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The homozygous null GSTT1 genotype could be a risk allele for BC among Greek-Cypriot women. The anticarcinogenic effects of the high adherence to MD against BC risk could also be further enhanced when combined with the wild-type alleles of the detoxification GSTP1 or NAT2 SNPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.|The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kakkoura
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Loizidou
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Christiana A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Demetriou
authors.affiliation: The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Giorgos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loucaides
authors.affiliation: Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus.|The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Kyriacos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyriacou
authors.affiliation: Department of EM/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 2370, Nicosia, Cyprus. ahsavvas@cing.ac.cy.|The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus. ahsavvas@cing.ac.cy.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadjisavvas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003535:Cyprus / Q000453:epidemiology; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Breast cancer; GSTM1; GSTP1; GSTT1; Mediterranean diet; NAT2