title: Review: Assessment of completeness of reporting in intervention studies using livestock: an example from pain mitigation interventions in neonatal piglets.
abstract: Accurate and complete reporting of study methods, results and interpretation are essential components for any scientific process, allowing end-users to evaluate the internal and external validity of a study. When animals are used in research, excellence in reporting is expected as a matter of continued ethical acceptability of animal use in the sciences. Our primary objective was to assess completeness of reporting for a series of studies relevant to mitigation of pain in neonatal piglets undergoing routine management procedures. Our second objective was to illustrate how authors can report the items in the Reporting guidElines For randomized controLled trials for livEstoCk and food safety (REFLECT) statement using examples from the animal welfare science literature. A total of 52 studies from 40 articles were evaluated using a modified REFLECT statement. No single study reported all REFLECT checklist items. Seven studies reported specific objectives with testable hypotheses. Six studies identified primary or secondary outcomes. Randomization and blinding were considered to be partially reported in 21 and 18 studies, respectively. No studies reported the rationale for sample sizes. Several studies failed to report key design features such as units for measurement, means, standard deviations, standard errors for continuous outcomes or comparative characteristics for categorical outcomes expressed as either rates or proportions. In the discipline of animal welfare science, authors, reviewers and editors are encouraged to use available reporting guidelines to ensure that scientific methods and results are adequately described and free of misrepresentations and inaccuracies. Complete and accurate reporting increases the ability to apply the results of studies to the decision-making process and prevent wastage of financial and animal resources.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,College of Veterinary Medicine,Iowa State University,Ames,50011 IA,USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Philosophy,University of Alaska Anchorage,Anchorage,99508 AK,USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences,College of Agriculture and Life Science,Virginia Tech,Blacksburg,VA 24060,USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergamasco
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,College of Veterinary Medicine,Iowa State University,Ames,50011 IA,USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Coetzee
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,College of Veterinary Medicine,Iowa State University,Ames,50011 IA,USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dzikamunhenga
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Animal Science,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,Iowa State University,Ames,50011 IA,USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: 10American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV),Perry,50220 IA,USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Karriker
authors.affiliation: 5USDA-ARS,Livestock Behavior Research Unit,West Lafayette,47907 IN,USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Animal Production,National Veterinary School,Swine Clinic,31076 Toulouse,France.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Martineau
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine,College of Veterinary Medicine,Iowa State University,Ames,50011 IA,USA.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Millman
authors.affiliation: 13Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Calgary,AB T2N 1N4 Calgary,Canada.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pajor
authors.affiliation: 8Scotland's Rural College (SRUC),EH9 3JG Edinburgh,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.affiliation: 10American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV),Perry,50220 IA,USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.affiliation: 9AgResearch Ltd,Ruakura Research Centre,3240 Hamilton,New Zealand.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.affiliation: 11Department of Animal Husbandry and Ecology,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences,Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg,06108 Halle (Saale),Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Borell
authors.affiliation: 12National Pork Board,Des Moines,50325 IA,USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: animal welfare; data collection; pain; piglets; reviews