title: Measurement of true ileal calcium digestibility in meat and bone meal for broiler chickens using the direct method.
abstract: The objective of the study that is presented herein was to determine the true ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility in meat and bone meal (MBM) for broiler chickens using the direct method. Four MBM samples (coded as MBM-1, MBM-2, MBM-3 and MBM-4) were obtained and analyzed for nutrient composition, particle size distribution and bone to soft tissue ratio. The Ca concentrations of MBM-1, MBM-2, MBM-3 and MBM-4 were determined to be 71, 118, 114 and 81 g/kg, respectively. The corresponding geometric mean particle diameters and bone to soft tissue ratios were 0.866, 0.622, 0.875 and 0.781 mm, and 1:1.49, 1:0.98, 1:0.92 and 1:1.35, respectively. Five experimental diets, including four diets with similar Ca concentration (8.3 g/kg) from each MBM and a Ca and phosphorus-free diet, were developed. Meat and bone meal served as the sole source of Ca in the MBM diets. Titanium dioxide (3 g/kg) was incorporated in all diets as an indigestible marker. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to six replicate cages (eight birds per cage) and offered from d 28 to 31 post-hatch. Apparent ileal Ca digestibility was calculated by the indicator method and corrected for ileal endogenous Ca losses to determine the true ileal Ca digestibility. Ileal endogenous Ca losses were determined to be 88 mg/kg dry matter intake. True ileal Ca digestibility coefficients of MBM-1, MBM-2, MBM-3 and MBM-4 were determined to be 0.560, 0.446, 0.517 and 0.413, respectively. True Ca digestibility of MBM-1 was higher (P < 0.05) than MBM-2 and MBM-4 but similar (P > 0.05) to that of MBM-3. True Ca digestibility of MBM-2 was similar (P > 0.05) to MBM-3 and MBM-4, while that of MBM-3 was higher (P < 0.05) than MBM-4. These results demonstrated that the direct method can be used for the determination of true Ca digestibility in feed ingredients and that Ca in MBM is not highly available as often assumed. The variability in true Ca digestibility of MBM samples could not be attributed to Ca content, percentage bones or particle size.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand v.ravindran@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P C H
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Poultry Research Foundation, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cowieson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000032:analysis; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008903:Minerals; C027762:bone meal
keywords: broiler; calcium digestibility; direct method; meat and bone meal