title: Basal Metabolic Rate of Adolescent Modern Pentathlon Athletes: Agreement between Indirect Calorimetry and Predictive Equations and the Correlation with Body Parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accurate estimative of energy needs is crucial for an optimal physical performance among athletes and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) equations often are not well adjusted for adolescent athletes requiring the use of specific methods, such as the golden standard indirect calorimetry (IC). Therefore, we had the aim to analyse the agreement between the BMR of adolescents pentathletes measured by IC and estimated by commonly used predictive equations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight athletes (17 males and 11 females) were evaluated for BMR, using IC and the predictive equations Harris and Benedict (HB), Cunningham (CUN), Henry and Rees (HR) and FAO/WHO/UNU (FAO). Body composition was obtained using DXA and sexual maturity data were retrieved through validated questionnaires. The correlations among anthropometric variables an IC were analysed by T-student test and ICC, while the agreement between IC and the predictive equations was analysed according to Bland and Altman and by survival-agreement plotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The whole sample average BMR measured by IC was significantly different from the estimated by FAO (p<0.05). Adjusting data by gender FAO and HR equations were statistically different from IC (p <0.05) among males, while female differed only for the HR equation (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FAO equation underestimated athletes' BMR when compared with IC (T Test). When compared to the golden standard IC, using Bland and Altman, ICC and Survival-Agreement, the equations underestimated the energy needs of adolescent pentathlon athletes up to 300kcal/day. Therefore, they should be used with caution when estimating individual energy requirements in such populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Lannes
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sidnei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natalia Gomes Casanova de Oliveira E
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Baratta
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dos Passos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiana Pedrosa Melo
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Paola Trindade Rocha
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pierucci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001669:Biochemical Phenomena; D001823:Body Composition; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016019:Survival Analysis