title: Scalable Preparation of Ternary Hierarchical Silicon Oxide-Nickel-Graphite Composites for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: Silicon monoxide is a promising anode candidate because of its high theoretical capacity and good cycle performance. To solve the problems associated with this material, including large volume changes during charge-discharge processes, we report a ternary hierarchical silicon oxide-nickel-graphite composite prepared by a facile two-step ball-milling method. The composite consists of nano-Si dispersed silicon oxides embedded in nano-Ni/graphite matrices (Si@SiOx /Ni/graphite). In the composite, crystalline nano-Si particles are generated by the mechanochemical reduction of SiO by ball milling with Ni. These nano-Si dispersed oxides have abundant electrochemical activity and can provide high Li-ion storage capacity. Furthermore, the milled nano-Ni/graphite matrices stick well to active materials and interconnect to form a crosslinked framework, which functions as an electrical highway and a mechanical backbone so that all silicon oxide particles become electrochemically active. Owing to these advanced structural and electrochemical characteristics, the composite enhances the utilization efficiency of SiO, accommodates its large volume expansion upon cycling, and has good ionic and electronic conductivity. The composite electrodes thus exhibit substantial improvements in electrochemical performance. This ternary hierarchical Si@SiOx /Ni/graphite composite is a promising candidate anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, the mechanochemical ball-milling method is low cost and easy to reproduce, indicating potential for the commercial production of the composite materials.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.|National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.|Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Wurigumula
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. tgq1123@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.|National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.|Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yuefeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.|National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.|Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. wufeng863@bit.edu.cn.|National Development Center of High Technology Green Materials, Beijing, 100081, China. wufeng863@bit.edu.cn.|Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing, 100081, China. wufeng863@bit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA. junlu@anl.gov.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amine
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C116473:silicon monoxide; D006108:Graphite; D009532:Nickel; D008094:Lithium
keywords: ball-milling; composite; graphite; lithium-ion batteries; silicon oxides