title: Nonpharmacologic Options for Treating Acute and Chronic Pain.
abstract: This article provides a broad overview of the clinical nonpharmacologic treatment options for managing acute and chronic pain. Physical therapy and modalities, interventional techniques, emerging regenerative medicine, and cognitive behavioral paradigms of treatment are presented. Recommendations are evidence-based and are a practical resource for the musculoskeletal pain and sports medicine practitioner.
authors.affiliation: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA.
authors.forename: Peter I-Kung
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Newton Wellesley Hospital Spine Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School, Newton, MA.
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meleger
authors.affiliation: Newton Wellesley Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Newton, MA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witkower
authors.affiliation: Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mondale
authors.affiliation: Newton Wellesley Hospital Spine Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School, 65 Walnut St, Wellesley, MA 02481.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borg-Stein
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D013178:Sports Medicine