title: Clitoral Abnormalities in the Absence of Virilization: Etiology and Treatment Strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report 3 cases of pseudoclitoromegaly and to describe the strategies used for differential diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases and a literature review were described in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases referred for treatment of clitoromegaly were in fact cases of pseudoclitoromegaly caused by a hamartoma, a neurofibroma, and a hemangioma of the clitoral prepuce. Abnormal virilization was excluded and the tumors were successfully treated by surgical resection and genital esthetic reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clitoral abnormalities not associated with virilization syndromes are rare. Isolated abnormalities may affect the clitoris and the clitoral prepuce (pseudoclitoromegaly) and have multiple causes. The most frequent are inclusion cysts secondary to female circumcision, but a multiplicity of tumors, usually benign, may be found. Treatment is surgical, except for most infantile hemangiomas. Before deciding to offer surgical treatment, one should consider the degree of genital deformity and the risks of sensitivity loss and/or clitoral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery/Urology, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Servidores do Estado Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: lisieux@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Lisieux Eyer
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery/Urology, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Camelier
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery/Urology, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery/Urology, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tome
authors.affiliation: Servidores do Estado Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dekermacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002987:Clitoris / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D014770:Virilism