title: Broccoli-Derived Sulforaphane and Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside.
abstract: Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolic by product of cruciferous vegetables and is the biologically active phytochemical found in high concentrations in broccoli. It has been studied extensively for its anticancer efficacy and the underlying mechanisms using cell culture and preclinical models. The immediate precursor of SFN is glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate which requires metabolic conversion to SFN. SFN and other notable isothiocyanates, including phenethyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate found in various cruciferous vegetables, have also been implicated to have a chemopreventive role for breast, colon and prostate cancer.In-vitroandin-vivoanti-cancer activity of this class of compounds summarizing the past two decades of basic science research has previously been reviewed by us and others. The present review aims to focus specifically on SFN and its chemopreventive and antineoplastic activity against prostate cancer. Particular emphasis in this communication is placed on the current status of clinical research and prospects for future clinical trials with the overall objective to better understand the clinical utility of this promising chemopreventive nutraceutical in the context of mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Ali I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Amjad
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rahul A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Leonard J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appleman
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Eun-Ryeong
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Kamayani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Shivendra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Chemoprevention; Prostate cancer; Sulforaphane