title: [Association between food and nutrition insecurity with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the association between food and nutrition insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were selected from the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases with no publication date limit, involving children and adolescents, using the descriptors: food and nutrition security, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, stress and dyslipidemia. The terms were used in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The search was carried out systematically and independently by two reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to food insecurity during childhood and adolescence ranged from 3.3% to 82% in the selected publications. Exposure to food insecurity was associated with stress, anxiety, greater chance of hospitalization, nutritional deficiencies, excess weight and inadequate diets with reduced intake of fruits and vegetables and increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and fats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Food and nutrition insecurity was associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the assessed publications. Childhood and adolescence constitute a period of life that is vulnerable to food insecurity consequences, making it extremely important to ensure the regular and permanent access to food. Because this is a complex association, some difficulties are found, such as the synergy between risk factors, the assessment of heterogeneous groups and extrapolation of data to other populations, in addition to the influence of environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Electronic address: narunarocha@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Naruna Pereira
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luana Cupertino
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Milagres
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana Farias de
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sylvia do Carmo Castro
authors.initials: Sdo C
authors.lastname: Franceschini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Diabetes melito; Diabetes mellitus; Estresse e dislipidemia; Food and nutrition security; Hipertensão; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Segurança alimentar e nutricional; Stress and dyslipidemia; Síndrome metabólica