title: Ivermectin Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Tissue/Egg Residue Profiles in Laying Hens.
abstract: The goals were to determine the ivermectin (IVM) plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue and egg residue profiles, and in vitro metabolism in laying hens. Experiments conducted were (1) 8 hens were intravenously treated with IVM and blood samples taken; (2) 88 hens were treated with IVM administered daily in water (5 days) (40 were kept and their daily eggs collected; 48 were sacrificed in groups (n = 8) at different times and tissue samples taken and analyzed); (3) IVM biotransformation was studied in liver microsomes. Pharmacokinetic parameters were AUC = 85.1 ng·day/mL, Vdss = 4.43 L/kg, and T1/2el = 1.73 days. Low IVM tissue residues were quantified with the highest measured in liver and skin+fat. IVM residues were not found in egg white, but significant amounts were quantified in yolk. Residues measured in eggs were greater than some MRL values, suggesting that a withdrawal period would be necessary for eggs after IVM use in laying hens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lucila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canton
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Virkel
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maté
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ceballos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanusse
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacologı́a, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007559:Ivermectin
keywords: egg residue; ivermectin; laying hens; plasma pharmacokinetics; tissue residue profiles