title: Large Variability of Proanthocyanidin Content and Composition in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia).
abstract: Proanthocyanidins (PAs) in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) are of interest to ameliorate the sustainability of livestock production. However, sainfoin forage yield and PA concentrations, as well as their composition, require optimization. Individual plants of 27 sainfoin accessions from four continents were analyzed with LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS for PA concentrations and simple phenolic compounds. Large variability existed in PA concentrations (23.0-47.5 mg g(-1) leaf dry matter (DM)), share of prodelphinidins (79-96%), and mean degree of polymerization (11-14) among, but also within, accessions. PAs were mainly located in leaves (26.8 mg g(-1) DM), whereas stems had less PAs (7.8 mg g(-1) DM). Overall, high-yielding plants had lower PA leaf concentrations (R(2) = 0.16, P < 0.001) and fewer leaves (R(2) = 0.66, P < 0.001). However, the results show that these two trade-offs between yield and bioactive PAs can be overcome.
authors.affiliation: Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.|Forage Crop Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carsten S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Malisch
authors.affiliation: Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lüscher
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Marica T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.affiliation: Forage Crop Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fryganas
authors.affiliation: Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller-Harvey
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salminen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D058751:Livestock / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin
keywords: LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS; breeding; condensed tannins; polyphenols; yield