title: Prevalence of Co-existing Endometrial Carcinoma in Patients with Preoperative Diagnosis of Endometrial Hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial hyperplasia has been associated with the presence of concomitant endometrial carcinoma. In this study, patients who were diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia and had hysterectomy, determination of the incidence of endometrial cancer accompanying postoperatively and clinical parameters associated with cancer are aimed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial biopsies were taken from patients for various reasons and among them 158 patients diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia from pathologic examination results were retrospectively evaluated. All of the patient's age, parity, weight, transvaginal ultrasound measured by endometrial thickness, concomitant systemic disease (diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism), tamoxifen use, hormone use and whether in reproductive age or menopause were all questioned. Patients who applied with endometrial cancer, their cervical stromal involvement, lymph node involvement, cytology positivity and omental metastases were examined. Patients were classified according to their stage and grade. Patients who had intraoperative frozen were re-evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen cases with preoperative endometrial hyperplasia diagnosed with endometrial cancer postoperatively, 2 cases had complex hyperplasia without atypia and 13 cases had complex atypical hyperplasia. The rate of preoperative hyperplasia with postoperative endometrial cancer was found to be 10.8% where by 15 cases of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer postoperatively 11 cases were in postmenopausal period. In patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer according to their histologic types 14 cases had endometrioid adenocarcinoma while one patient with preoperative complex hyperplasia without atypia was diagnosed with serous papillary carcinoma postoperatively. Evaluation of stages in patients diagnosed with cancer, 7 cases of patients had stage IA, 7 cases of patients had stage IB, and 7 cases cases of patients with serous papillary carcinoma were evaluated as stage 3C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of endometrial cancer in patients diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia especially endometrial hyperplasia ranges between 15% to 45% and among them 7.9%-51% are found to have myometrial inversion. Therefore, preoperative ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging should be perfomed in patients diagnosed with complex atypical hyperplasia. Even intraoperative frozen section examination can provide useful information in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Education Hospital , Istanbul, Turkey .
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kadirogullari
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey .
authors.forename: Cemal Resat
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey .
authors.forename: Ozhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mustafa Erkan
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sari
keywords: Atypical hyperplasia; Endometrial cancer; Frozen section