title: Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against HIV: New Insights to Inform Vaccine Design.
abstract: HIV-1 poses immense immunological challenges to the humoral immune response because of its ability to shield itself and replicate and evolve rapidly. Although most currently licensed vaccines provide protection via the induction of antibodies (Abs) that can directly block infection ( 1 ), 30 years of HIV-1 vaccine research has failed to successfully elicit such Abs against globally relevant HIV strains. However, mounting evidence suggests that these broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) do emerge naturally in a significant fraction of infected subjects, albeit after years of infection, indicating that these responses can be selected naturally by the immune response but take long periods of time to evolve. We review the basic structural characteristics of broadly neutralizing antibodies and how they recognize the virus, and we discuss new vaccination strategies that aim to mimic natural evolution to guide B cells to produce protective Abs against HIV-1.
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-3583; email: ssadanand@partners.org , tjsuscovich@partners.org , galter@partners.org.
authors.forename: Saheli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadanand
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-3583; email: ssadanand@partners.org , tjsuscovich@partners.org , galter@partners.org.
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Suscovich
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-3583; email: ssadanand@partners.org , tjsuscovich@partners.org , galter@partners.org.
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alter
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D055808:Drug Discovery; D000939:Epitopes; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007114:Immunization; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000939:Epitopes; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
keywords: B cells; Env; HIV vaccine; broadly neutralizing antibodies