title: Psychological Outcomes and Reproductive Issues Among Gender Dysphoric Individuals.
abstract: Gender dysphoria is a condition in which a person experiences discrepancy between the natal anatomic sex and the gender he or she identifies with, resulting in internal distress and a desire to live as the preferred gender. There is increasing demand for treatment, which includes suppression of puberty, cross-sex hormone therapy, and sex reassignment surgery. This article reviews longitudinal outcome data evaluating psychological well-being and quality of life among transgender individuals who have undergone cross-sex hormone treatment or sex reassignment surgery. Proposed methodologies for diagnosis and initiation of treatment are discussed, and the effects of cross-sex hormones and sex reassignment surgery on future reproductive potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Electronic address: Rlevine@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D059247:Fertility Preservation; D000068116:Gender Dysphoria / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D057830:Gender-Affirming Surgery
keywords: Fertility; Gender dysphoria; Gender-affirmation therapy; Psychiatric comorbidities; Transgender