title: Clinicopathological characteristics of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma in adolescents and adults: Diagnosis using immunostaining of transcription factor E3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
abstract: To determine the rate and clinicopathological features of Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma using immunostaining of transcription factor E3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
  
  
  
  We evaluated 638 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated at Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan, from 1990 to 2009 by reviewing all hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and carrying out immunostaining of transcription factor E3 for all cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was carried out for patients with positive immunostaining or with findings suspicious for Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. In this analysis, we set a cut-off level for split signals of at least 10% of nuclei.
  
  
  
  Of the 631 patients, 20 (3.2%) were positive for immunostaining. Finally, five patients were diagnosed with Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma (0.8%). Four of these patients were female and aged less than 50 years, and three cases were diagnosed as stage IV with multiple regional lymph nodal or visceral metastases. The positive predictive value of immunostaining was 25%.
  
  
  
  Patients with Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma tend to be younger, more frequently female and diagnosed at a more advanced stage. Immunostaining followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis is an accurate and cost-effective approach for diagnosis of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirobe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumori
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonooka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007564:Japan; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
keywords: adult; chromosomal translocation; immunohistochemistry; kidney neoplasms; transcription factors