title: Liver X receptors in immune cell function in humans.
abstract: The liver X receptors (LXRs), LXRα and LXRβ, are transcription factors with well-established roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition, LXRs influence innate and adaptive immunity, including responses to inflammatory stimuli, proliferation and differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. However, the majority of work describing the role of LXRs in immune cells has been carried out in mouse models, and there are a number of known species-specific differences concerning LXR function. Here we review what is known about the role of LXRs in human immune cells, demonstrating the importance of these receptors in the integration of lipid metabolism and immune function, but also highlighting the need for a better understanding of the species, isoform, and cell-type specific effects of LXR activation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, U.K. Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, U.K.
authors.forename: Kirsty E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Waddington
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, U.K.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jury
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, U.K. i.torra@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pineda-Torra
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D020033:Protein Isoforms
keywords: adaptive immunity; cholesterol; gene regulation; innate immunity; lipid rafts; liver X receptors (LXRs)