title: Predictors of Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack in Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transient ischemic attack (TIA) in children has received far less attention compared with TIA in adults. The risk factors of stroke after TIA in children are relatively unknown. We aimed to determine the percentage of children who have stroke after TIA and the risk factors associated with stroke after TIA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the medical records at Boston Children's Hospital for the year 2010 to find children who were evaluated for TIA to determine associated risk factors of stroke after TIA. We included children who were evaluated in 2009 through 2010 for TIA and had magnetic resonance imaging. We examined follow-up imaging through August 2014 for subsequent stroke. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for factors in our cohort who are associated with stroke after presentation with TIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 63 children who experienced a TIA. The mean time of imaging follow-up was 4.5 years after TIA presentation. Of the 63 children, 10 (16%) developed radiological evidence of ischemic cerebral injury within the follow-up period. Four of the 10 (6%) demonstrated diffusion abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at TIA presentation, whereas 8 (13%) had a stroke after their TIA. Arteriopathy, female sex, and autoimmune disorders were significantly associated with stroke after TIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort of children, stroke occurred after TIA at a rate similar to that seen in adults, but the risk factors for stroke after TIA in children are different.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (L.L.L., C.G.W., K.K., M.J.R.), Psychiatry (M.J.R.), and Radiology (A.R.D., M.J. R.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Departments of Radiology (A.R.D.) and Neurology (L.L.L., M.J.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. laura.lehman@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (L.L.L., C.G.W., K.K., M.J.R.), Psychiatry (M.J.R.), and Radiology (A.R.D., M.J. R.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Departments of Radiology (A.R.D.) and Neurology (L.L.L., M.J.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (L.L.L., C.G.W., K.K., M.J.R.), Psychiatry (M.J.R.), and Radiology (A.R.D., M.J. R.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Departments of Radiology (A.R.D.) and Neurology (L.L.L., M.J.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kush
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (L.L.L., C.G.W., K.K., M.J.R.), Psychiatry (M.J.R.), and Radiology (A.R.D., M.J. R.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Departments of Radiology (A.R.D.) and Neurology (L.L.L., M.J.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Danehy
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (L.L.L., C.G.W., K.K., M.J.R.), Psychiatry (M.J.R.), and Radiology (A.R.D., M.J. R.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; and Departments of Radiology (A.R.D.) and Neurology (L.L.L., M.J.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rivkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: child; heart disease; ischemic attack, transient; risk factor; stroke