title: Danish translation and validation of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel Skin Tear Classification System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to translate, validate and establish reliability of the International Skin Tear Classification System in Danish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase 1 of the project involved the translation of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) Skin Tear Classification System into Danish, using the forward-back translation method described by the principles of good practice for the translation process for patient-reported outcomes. In Phase 2, the Danish group sought to replicate the ISTAP validation study and validate the classification system with registered nurses (RN) and social and health-care assistants (non-RN) from both primary health care and a Danish university hospital in Copenhagen. Thirty photographs, with equal representation of the three types of skin tears, were selected to test validity. The photographs chosen were those originally used for internal and external validation by the ISTAP group. The subjects were approached in their place of work and invited to participate in the study and to attend an educational session related to skin tears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Danish translation of the ISTAP classification system was tested on 270 non-wound specialists. The ISTAP classification system was validated by 241 RNs, and 29 non-RN. The results indicated a moderate level of agreement on classification of skin tears by type (Fleiss' Kappa=0.460). A moderate level of agreement was demonstrated for both the RN group and the non-RN group (Fleiss' Kappa=0.464 and 0.443, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ISTAP Skin Tear Classification System was developed with the goal of establishing a global language for describing and documenting skin tears and to raise the health-care community's awareness of skin tears. The Danish translation of the ISTAP classification system supports the earlier ISTAP study and further validates the classification system. The Danish translation of the classification system is vital to the promotion of skin tears in both research and the clinical settings in Denmark.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and The Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skiveren
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and The Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bermark
authors.affiliation: KDS Professional Consulting, Ottawa ON, Canada.|Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.affiliation: Wound Care Dynamics, Inc, Shorewood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baranoski
mesh_terms: D003718:Denmark; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000145:classification*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries*; D014175:Translating
keywords: classification; reliability; skin tear classification system; skin tears; validity