title: Modulation of inflammatory response of wounds by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Management of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is becoming difficult due to the rapid emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant strains. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has a lot of potential as an alternative approach for inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study we report results of our investigations on the effect of poly-L-lysine conjugate of chlorine p6 (pl-cp6) mediated APDT on the healing of P.aeruginosa infected wounds and the role of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB) induced inflammatory response in this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Excisional wounds created in Swiss albino mice were infected with ∼10(7) colony forming units of P.aeruginosa. Mice with wounds were divided into three groups: 1) Uninfected, 2) Infected, untreated control (no light, no pl-cp6), 3) Infected, APDT. After 24 h of infection (day 1 post wounding), the wounds were subjected to APDT [pl-cp6 applied topically and exposed to red light (660 ± 25 nm) fluence of ∼ 60 J/cm(2)]. Subsequent to APDT, on day 2 and 5 post wounding (p.w), measurements were made on biochemical parameters of inflammation [toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4), NF-kB, Inteleukin (IL)-[1α, IL-β, and IL-2)] and cell proliferation [(fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with untreated control, while expression of TLR-4, NF-kB (p105 and p50), and proinflammatory interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β,IL-2) were reduced in the infected wounds subjected to APDT, the levels of FGF-2 and ALP increased, on day 5 p.w.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurements made on the inflammatory markers and cell proliferation markers suggest that APDT reduces inflammation caused by P.aeruginosa and promotes cell proliferation in wounds.
authors.affiliation: Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore.
authors.forename: Khageswar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore.
authors.forename: Mrinalini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore.
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; alkaline phosphatase; fibroblast growth factor; lipopolysaccharide; nuclear factor kappa B; toll like receptor-4; wound healing