title: New Antimicrobially Amended Media for Improved Nonpoint Source Bacterial Pollution Treatment.
abstract: Nonpoint source pollution (NPS) such as stormwater runoff may introduce high loads of bacteria, impairing surface water bodies. The existing filter materials in stormwater best management practices (BMP) are typically not designed to inactivate bacteria. Herein, novel filtration media were extensively tested for microbial load reduction in stormwater runoff. Red cedar wood chips (RC) were amended with different loadings of either 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (TPA) or silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Under batch conditions at 25 °C, log10 removal values (LRV) up to 3.71 ± 0.38 (mean ± standard error) for TPA-RC and 2.25 ± 1.00 for AgNP-RC were achieved for Escherichia coli (E. coli), whereas unmodified RC achieved less than 0.5 LRV. Similar trends were observed at 17.5 °C, however at low temperature (10 °C) no statistically significant difference in E. coli inactivation between modified and unmodified RC was detected. Inactivation kinetic studies show that TPA-RC has higher inactivation rate constants compared to AgNP-RC. Under dynamic flow conditions a mass balance approach indicates that even after remobilization up to 99.8% of E. coli removal using 9 mg/g TPA-RC compared to 64.8% for unmodified RC. This study demonstrates that RC wood chips amended with antimicrobial compounds show promising applications as filtration material for the reduction of microbiological contamination load in stormwater runoff.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schifman
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.
authors.forename: Varun K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kasaraneni
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.
authors.forename: Ryan K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.
authors.forename: Vinka
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oyanedel-Craver
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston Rhode Island 02881, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Boving
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029779:Cupressaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D005374:Filtration; D007700:Kinetics; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D016062:Porosity; D012834:Silver; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012834:Silver