title: Medical treatment of early stage and rare histological variants of epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: Epithelial ovarian cancer is often considered a single pathological entity, but increasing evidence suggests that it is rather a group of different neoplasms, each with unique pathological characteristics, molecular features, and clinical behaviours. This heterogeneity accounts for the different sensitivity to antineoplastic drugs and makes the treatment of ovarian tumours a challenge. For early-stage disease, as well as for heavily pre-treated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, the benefit of chemotherapy remains uncertain. Clear-cell, mucinous, low-grade serous, and endometrioid carcinomas show different molecular characteristics, which require different therapeutic approaches. In the era of personalised cancer medicine, understanding the pathogenesis and the genetic background of each subtype of epithelial ovarian tumour may lead to a tailored therapy, maximising the benefits of specific treatments and possibly reducing the side effects. Furthermore, personal factors, such as the patient's performance status, should be taken into account in the management of ovarian cancer, with the aim of safeguarding the patients' quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta Tomasi
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Cont
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.affiliation: Fertility and Pregnancy Unit, Medical Gynaecologic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fedro Alessandro
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Peccatori
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Alonzo
authors.affiliation: Fertility and Pregnancy Unit, Medical Gynaecologic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Science and Biotechnology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Codacci-Pisanelli
authors.affiliation: Medical Gynaecologic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mauriziano Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Biglia
keywords: biological markers; ovarian neoplasm; personalised medicine