title: [Neuroinflammation: Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde?].
abstract: Sheltered in a bony cage, populated by cells with little regenerative potential, the central nervous system (CNS) could likely not withstand classic inflammation without risking major sequelae. As a consequence, it had to develop an original way to provide surveillance, defence and reparation, which relies on both the complex architecture of the periphery-nervous parenchyma exchange zones, and the tightly regulated collaboration between all the cell populations that reside in or pass through the CNS. Despite its tight regulation, neuroinflammation is sometimes the cause of irreversible loss but it is also where the solution stands. The specific immune crosstalk that takes place in the CNS needs to be decoded in order to identify the best therapeutic strategies aimed at helping the CNS to restore homeostasis in problematic situations, such as in the case of neurodegenerative disorders. This review deals with this double-edged sword nature of neuroinflammation.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche en neurosciences, Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, G9A 5H7 Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.affiliation: Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Hélène-Marie
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Thérien
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche en neurosciences, Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, G9A 5H7 Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plouffe
authors.affiliation: Groupe de recherche en neurosciences, Département de biologie médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, G9A 5H7 Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada - Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval et Centre de recherche du CHUL, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Maria-Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Martinoli
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000502:physiology