title: Comparing the Effect of Different Voxel Resolutions for Assessment of Vertical Root Fracture of Permanent Teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The teeth with undiagnosed vertical root fractures (VRFs) are likely to receive endodontic treatment or retreatment, leading to frustration and inappropriate endodontic therapies. Moreover, many cases of VRFs cannot be diagnosed definitively until the extraction of tooth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the use of different voxel resolutions of two different cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) units in the detection VRFs in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study material comprised 74 extracted human mandibular single rooted premolar teeth without root fractures that had not undergone any root-canal treatment. Images were obtained by two different CBCT units. Four image sets were obtained as follows: 1) 3D Accuitomo 170, 4 × 4 cm field of view (FOV) (0.080 mm(3)); 2) 3D Accuitomo 170. 6 × 6 cm FOV (0.125 mm(3)); 3) NewTom 3G, 6˝ (0.16 mm(3)) and 4) NewTom 3G, 9˝ FOV (0.25 mm(3)). Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess both intra- and inter-observer agreements for each image set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found among observers or voxel sizes, with high average Z (Az) results being reported for all groups. Both intra- and inter-observer agreement values were relatively better for 3D Accuitomo 170 images than the images from NewTom 3G. The highest Az and kappa values were obtained with 3D Accuitomo 170, 4 × 4 cm FOV (0.080 mm(3)) images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences were found among observers or voxel sizes, with high Az results reported for all groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Peruze
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Celenk
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy (GATA), Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Avsever
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey ; Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gozde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canitezer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ersan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Egrioglu
keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Diagnosis; Permanent Dentition