title: A RAPD based study revealing a previously unreported wide range of mesophilic and thermophilic spore formers associated with milk powders in China.
abstract: Aerobic spore forming bacteria are potential milk powder contaminants and are viewed as indicators of poor quality. A total of 738 bacteria, including both mesophilic and thermophilic, isolated from twenty-five powdered milk samples representative of three types of milk powders in China were analyzed based on the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol to provide insight into species diversity. Bacillus licheniformis was found to be the most prevalent bacterium with greatest diversity (~43% of the total isolates) followed by Geobacillus stearothermophilus (~21% of the total isolates). Anoxybacillus flavithermus represented only 8.5% of the total profiles. Interestingly, actinomycetes represented a major group of the isolates with the predominance of Laceyella sacchari followed by Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, altogether comprising of 7.3% of the total isolates. Out of the nineteen separate bacterial species (except five unidentified groups) recovered and identified from milk powders, twelve proved to belong to novel or previously unreported species in milk powders. Assessment and characterization of the harmful effects caused by this particular micro-flora on the quality and safety of milk powders will be worth doing in the future.
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Faizan A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: TongJie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston-North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: gqhe@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: GuoQing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D058677:Anoxybacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China; D005506:Food Contamination; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000382:microbiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D011208:Powders; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D013170:Spores
chemical_list: D011208:Powders
keywords: Chinese producers; Microbial contamination; Milk powders; Rapd; Thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria