title: Atypical RhoV and RhoU GTPases control development of the neural crest.
abstract: This review addresses the developmental roles of 2 GTPases of the Rho family, RhoV/Chp and RhoU/Wrch. These two GTPases form a distinct subfamily related to Rac and Cdc42 proteins and were detected in a screen for Rho members that are particularly expressed in the neural crest, an embryonic tissue peculiar to vertebrates. The neural crest represents a physiological model of normal epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm differentiate, lose their intercellular connections and migrate throughout the embryo. We showed that RhoV, transiently induced by the canonical Wnt pathway, is required for the full differentiation of neural crest cells, while RhoU, induced later by the non-canonical Wnt pathway, is necessary for the migration process. These two GTPases, which are highly conserved across vertebrates, are thus tightly functionally linked to Wnt signaling, whose implication in embryonic development and cancer progression is well established. In the light of the recent literature, we discuss how RhoV and RhoU may achieve their physiological functions.
authors.affiliation: a Universités Montpellier 2 et 1; CRBM; UMS BioCampus ; Montpellier , France.|b INSERM ; Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: a Universités Montpellier 2 et 1; CRBM; UMS BioCampus ; Montpellier , France.|c CNRS UMR 5237 ; Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fort
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000502:physiology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000502:physiology*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C465202:RHOV protein, human; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C432668:RHOU protein, human; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: RhoU; RhoV; Wnt signaling; atypical Rho GTPases; development; neural crest; xenopus