title: Prediction of Acute Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by Means of the Misbalance in Regional Left Ventricular Myocardial Work.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony have a marked misbalance in LV myocardial work distribution, with wasted work in the septum and increased work in the lateral wall. We hypothesized that a low septum-to-lateral wall (SL) myocardial work ratio at baseline predicts acute LV pump function improvement during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients (age 65 ± 10 y, 15 men) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) tagging for regional LV circumferential strain assessment and invasive pressure-volume loop assessment at baseline and during biventricular pacing. Segmental work at baseline was calculated from regional strain rate and LV pressure. Subsequently, the SL work ratio was calculated and related to acute pump function (stroke work [SW]) improvement during CRT. During biventricular pacing, SW increased by 33% (P <.001). SL work ratio at baseline was found to be significantly related to SW improvement by means of CRT (R = -0.54; P = .015). Moreover, it proved to be the only marker that was significantly related to acute response to CRT, whereas QRS duration and other measures of dyssynchrony or dyscoordination were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contribution of the septum to LV work varies widely in CRT candidates with left bundle branch block. The lower the septal contribution to myocardial work at baseline, the higher the acute pump function improvement that can be achieved during CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.zweerink@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Alwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zweerink
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerben J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Roest
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: LiNa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nijveldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carel C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Cock
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Allaart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000628:therapy; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D054088:Ventricular Septum / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: CMR tagging; Cardiac resynchronization therapy; myocardial work; pressure-volume loops