title: Characterization of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Environmental Variables in a Shallow Groundwater in Shanghai Using Kriging Interpolation and Multifactorial Analysis.
abstract: CAHs, as a cleaning solvent, widely contaminated shallow groundwater with the development of manufacturing in China's Yangtze River Delta. This study focused on the distribution of CAHs, and correlations between CAHs and environmental variables in a shallow groundwater in Shanghai, using kriging interpolation and multifactorial analysis. The results showed that the overall CAHs plume area (above DIV) was approximately 9,000 m(2) and located in the 2-4 m underground, DNAPL was accumulated at an area of approximately 1,400 m(2) and located in the 6-8m sandy silt layer on the top of the muddy silty clay. Heatmap of PPC for CAHs and environmental variables showed that the correlation between "Fe(2+)" and most CAHs such as "1,1,1-TCA", "1,1-DCA", "1,1-DCE" and "%TCA" were significantly positive (p<0.001), but "%CA" and/or "%VC" was not, and "Cl-" was significantly positive correlated with "1,1-DCA" and "1,1-DCE" (p<0.001). The PCA demonstrated that the relative proportions of CAHs in groundwater were mostly controlled by the sources and the natural attenuation. In conclusion, the combination of geographical and chemometrics was helpful to establishing an aerial perspective of CAHs and identifying reasons for the accumulation of toxic dechlorination intermediates, and could become a useful tool for characterizing contaminated sites in general.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Contaminated Sites Remediation, Shanghai Institute for Design & Research on Environmental Engineering, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qi Shi
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong Di
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ji Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Kuang Fei
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kuang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fei Lin
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical