title: Practical Use of Infliximab Concentration Monitoring in Pediatric Crohn Disease.
abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) that guides infliximab (IFX) intensification strategies has been shown to improve IFX efficacy. We conducted a review to evaluate the utility of TDM in the assessment and subsequent management of IFX loss of response in our pediatric population with Crohn disease (CD).
  
  
  
  Single-center retrospective study of patients with CD receiving IFX that had TDM from December 2009 to September 2013. We defined subtherapeutic trough as a drug level below the detection limit of the Prometheus enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay and Anser reference values (1.4 and 1 μg/mL, respectively) or a mid-interval level <12 μg/mL.
  
  
  
  One hundred ninety-one IFX concentration tests were performed on 72 patients with CD with loss of response to therapy as the primary indication (72%). 34% of all TDM were subtherapeutic. After initial TDM, 25 of the 72 patients received regimen intensification with 72% in clinical remission at 6 months. Including all of the TDM that resulted in IFX dose intensification, we found a significant improvement in 6-month remission rates whether intensification followed mid-interval (88% remission) or trough (56% remission) testing (P = 0.026). Antibody to infliximab was found in 14 patients with 5 occurring in the first year of therapy. Furthermore, 71% of patients with antibody to infliximab that were switched to an alternative anti-tumor necrosis factor achieved clinical remission at six months. In multivariable regression analysis, we found IFX dose (mg/kg), IFX dosing frequency (weeks), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the previous infusion were significantly associated with the IFX concentration.
  
  
  
  TDM in our pediatric population with CD led to informed clinical decisions and improved rates of clinical remission.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH †Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan ‡Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minar
authors.forename: Shehzad A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Mahrukh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afreen
authors.forename: Mi-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Denson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D000069285:Infliximab