title: Characterizing the Hospice and Palliative Care Workforce in the U.S.: Clinician Demographics and Professional Responsibilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palliative care services are growing at an unprecedented pace. Yet, the characteristics of the clinician population who deliver these services are not known. Information on the roles, motivations, and future plans of the clinician workforce would allow for planning to sustain and grow the field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the characteristics of clinicians within the field of hospice and palliative care.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June through December 2013, we conducted an electronic survey of American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine members. We queried information on demographics, professional roles and responsibilities, motivations for entering the field, and future plans. We compared palliative care and hospice populations alongside clinician roles using chi-square analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of leaving the field early.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1365 persons, representing a 30% response rate, participated. Our survey findings revealed a current palliative care clinician workforce that is older, predominantly female, and generally with less than 10 years clinical experience in the field. Most clinicians have both clinical hospice and palliative care responsibilities. Many cite personal or professional growth or influential experiences during training or practice as motivations to enter the field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palliative care clinicians are a heterogeneous group. We identified motivations for entering the field that can be leveraged to sustain and grow the workforce.
authors.affiliation: Duke Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: arif.kamal@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Arif H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Four Seasons, Flat Rock, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.affiliation: Duke Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Duke Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Samsa
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Swetz
authors.affiliation: Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Evan R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Tait D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Shanafelt
authors.affiliation: Duke Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Amy P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Abernethy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D024382:Professional Role / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Workforce; nurses; palliative care; physicians