title: The evaluation of hollow-fiber ultrafiltration and celite concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses and bacteriophage from different water matrices.
abstract: The collection of waterborne pathogen occurrence data often requires the concentration of microbes from large volumes of water due to the low number of microorganisms that are typically present in environmental and drinking waters. Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) has shown promise in the recovery of various microorganisms. This study has demonstrated that the HFUF primary concentration method is effective at recovering bacteriophage φX174, poliovirus, enterovirus 70, echovirus 7, coxsackievirus B4 and adenovirus 41 from large volumes of tap and river water with an average recovery of all viruses of 73.4% and 81.0%, respectively. This study also evaluated an effective secondary concentration method using celite for the recovery of bacteriophage and enteric viruses tested from HFUF concentrates of both matrices. Overall, the complete concentration method (HFUF primary concentration plus celite secondary concentration) resulted in a concentration factor of 3333 and average recoveries for all viruses from tap and river waters of 60.6% and 60.0%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Biohazard Assessment Research Branch, Microbiological and Chemical Exposure, Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., MS-587, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Electronic address: rhodes.eric@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Biohazard Assessment Research Branch, Microbiological and Chemical Exposure, Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., MS-587, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: Emma M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.affiliation: Biohazard Assessment Research Branch, Microbiological and Chemical Exposure, Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., MS-587, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Biohazard Assessment Research Branch, Microbiological and Chemical Exposure, Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., MS-587, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
authors.forename: Jenifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010584:Bacteriophage phi X 174 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000821:virology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth
keywords: Adenovirus; Bacteriophage; Celite; Enteroviruses; Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration; Poliovirus; Water concentration