title: Ultrasound in diagnosis of intrascrotal metastasis of Wilms' tumor: first case report of a Chinese boy and review of the literature.
abstract: A 31-month-old boy with Wilms' tumor (WT), which primarily had originated from the left kidney, was treated with nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. 2 months after nephrectomy, a left scrotal mass was found at routine follow-up. High-frequency sonography examination revealed an enlarged left testis with a heterogeneous texture and a hypoechoic solid mass in the left scrotum. Moreover, hypervascular signals presented in both the left testis and the mass on color Doppler flow imaging. Left orchiectomy was performed for suspected intrascrotal metastasis of WT, which was confirmed by histopathology examination. This was the first case of intrascrotal metastasis of WT reported in China with a detailed ultrasound description. Meanwhile, this study also reviewed the comparable diagnostic methods of intrascrotal metastasis of WT found in the English literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. xbljx@163.com.
authors.forename: Ju-Xian
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum; D014463:Ultrasonography; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*
keywords: Metastasis; Scrotum; Ultrasound; Wilms’ tumor