title: Choosing treatment and screening options congruent with values: Do decision aids help? Sub-analysis of a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand how well patients make value congruent decisions with and without patient decision aids (PtDAs) for screening and treatment options, and identify issues with its measurement and evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sub-analysis of trials included in the 2014 Cochrane Review of Decision Aids. Eligible trials measured value congruence with chosen option. Two reviewers independently screened 115 trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 18 included trials, 8 (44%) measured value congruence using the Multidimensional Measure of Informed Choice (MMIC), 7 (39%) used heterogeneous methods, and 3 (17%) used unclear methods. Pooled results of trials that used heterogeneous measures were statistically non-significant (n=3). Results from trials that used the MMIC suggest patients are 48% more likely to make value congruent decisions when exposed to a PtDA for a screening decision (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.16, n=8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients struggle to make value congruent decisions, but PtDAs may help. While the absolute improvement is relatively small it may be underestimated due to sample size issues, definitions, and heterogeneity of measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current approaches are inadequate to support patients making decisions that are consistent with their values. There is some evidence that PtDAs support patients with achieving values congruent decisions for screening choices.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: smunro@cfri.ca.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Krystina B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansback
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D010358:Patient Participation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care
keywords: Choice behavior; Decision aids; Decision making; Decision support techniques; Decisions; Patient-centered care