title: Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Nondiseased Human Lung and Lung-Draining Lymph Nodes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pulmonary mononuclear phagocyte system is a critical host defense mechanism composed of macrophages, monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells. However, our current characterization of these cells is limited because it is derived largely from animal studies and analysis of human mononuclear phagocytes from blood and small tissue resections around tumors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Phenotypic and morphologic characterization of mononuclear phagocytes that potentially access inhaled antigens in human lungs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We acquired and analyzed pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes from fully intact nondiseased human lungs (including the major blood vessels and draining lymph nodes) obtained en bloc from 72 individual donors. Differential labeling of hematopoietic cells via intrabronchial and intravenous administration of antibodies within the same lobe was used to identify extravascular tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes and exclude cells within the vascular lumen. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to identify mononuclear phagocyte populations among cells labeled by each route of antibody delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a phenotypic analysis of pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes isolated from whole nondiseased human lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes. Five pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes were observed, including macrophages, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells that were phenotypically distinct from cell populations found in blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different mononuclear phagocytes, particularly dendritic cells, were labeled by intravascular and intrabronchial antibody delivery, countering the notion that tissue and blood mononuclear phagocytes are equivalent systems. Phenotypic descriptions of the mononuclear phagocytes in nondiseased lungs provide a precedent for comparative studies in diseased lungs and potential targets for therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.|2 Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|3 The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: A Nicole
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Desch
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Sophie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gibbings
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|3 The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Raivo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kolde
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bednarek
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Tullia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Slansky
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobelli
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Messier
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Gwendalyn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Miglena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prabagar
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Shaikh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Atif
authors.affiliation: 7 INSERM U932, Paris, France; and.|8 Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|3 The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ramnik J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.|4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado.|4 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Claudia V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Jakubzick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012157:Mononuclear Phagocyte System / Q000276:immunology*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: dendritic cells; macrophages; monocytes; mononuclear phagocytes; pulmonary