title: Prevention of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modification: is there a role for higher-protein diets?
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence is increasing worldwide, driven by a rapidly changing environment and lifestyle and increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Prevention of diabetes is key and is most likely achieved through prevention of weight gain and/or successful long-term weight loss maintenance. Weight loss is readily achievable but there is considerable challenge in maintaining that weight loss over the long term. Lower-fat carbohydrate-based diets are widely used for T2D prevention. This is supported primarily by 3 successful long-term interventions, the US Diabetes Prevention Program, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, and the Chinese Da Qing Study, but evidence is building in support of novel higher-protein (>20% of energy) diets for successful weight loss maintenance and prevention of T2D. Higher-protein diets have the advantage of having relatively low energy density, aiding longer-term appetite suppression, and preserving lean body mass, all central to successful weight loss and prevention of weight regain. Here, we review the carbohydrate-based intervention trials and present mechanistic evidence in support of increased dietary protein for weight loss maintenance and a possible novel role in prevention of dysglycemia and T2D.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Amy Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Marta P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand s.poppitt@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Sally D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Poppitt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: T2D; carbohydrate; dietary protein; fat; lifestyle modification; obesity; prediabetes