title: Co-Delivery of Atorvastatin Nanocrystals in PLGA based in situ Gel for Anti-Hyperlipidemic Efficacy.
abstract: The objective was to develop chitosan atorvastatin (ATR) nanocrystals loaded into Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) injectable in situ gel (ISG) system that can minimize initial drug burst and enhance hypolipidemic effect. ATR nanocrystals were successfully characterized for size, morphology, crystallinity and drug-excipients interaction. The effects of varied polymer concentration and gelling solvents were evaluated for initial burst release and in vivo efficacy. Short term stability study was also conducted for the promising formulation. Nanocrystals of size 254 nm were prepared using low molecular weight chitosan and were of smooth surface with multiple scaffolds like structures. X-ray powder diffraction revealed the crystalline structure of the prepared nanocrystals while no drug-excipients interactions were observed. Addition of nanocrystals did not significantly alter gelation property of the ISG system that showed acceptable syringeability. The promising ISG formulation was achieved with 45% PLGA in N-methyl pyrrolidone: benzyl benzoate (1:3). In-vitro dissolution study illustrated lower initial ATR burst and prolonged drug release from nanocrystal based ISG when compared to plain ATR ISG. The pharmacokinetic and hypolipidemic biochemical parameters were comparable in the two formulations. The promising formulation exhibited minimum drug degradation at 4 &#176;C and so could be considered as an ideal ISG delivery system.
authors.forename: Mallesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurakula
authors.affiliation: Advanced Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology Lab; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. dr_tarek_nour@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D012997:Solvents; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D000069059:Atorvastatin