title: Estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha promotes malignancy and osteoblastic tumorigenesis in prostate cancer.
abstract: The role of estrogen signaling in regulating prostate tumorigenesis is relatively underexplored. Although, an increasing body of evidence has linked estrogen receptor beta (ERß) to prostate cancer, the function of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in prostate cancer is not very well studied. We have discovered a novel role of ERα in the pathogenesis of prostate tumors. Here, we show that prostate cancer cells express ERα and estrogen induces oncogenic properties in prostate cancer cells through ERα. Importantly, ERα knockdown in the human prostate cancer PacMetUT1 cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of ERα with ICI 182,780 inhibited osteoblastic lesion formation and lung metastasis in vivo. Co-culture of pre-osteoblasts with cancer cells showed a significant induction of osteogenic markers in the pre-osteoblasts, which was attenuated by knockdown of ERα in cancer cells suggesting that estrogen/ERα signaling promotes crosstalk between cancer and osteoblastic progenitors to stimulate osteoblastic tumorigenesis. These results suggest that ERα expression in prostate cancer cells is essential for osteoblastic lesion formation and lung metastasis. Thus, inhibition of ERα signaling in prostate cancer cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit the osteoblastic lesion development as well as lung metastasis in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.|Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poullard
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Roberto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.affiliation: Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Devalingam
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xueqiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.|Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Lu-Zhe
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens
keywords: bone; estrogen receptor; metastasis; osteoblastic; prostate cancer