title: Changes in physical functioning and muscle strength in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to examine changes in muscle strength and self-reported physical functioning in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer compared to matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate cancer patients scheduled to begin ADT (n = 62) were assessed within 20 days of starting ADT and 6 and 12 months later. Age and geographically matched prostate cancer controls treated with prostatectomy only (n = 86) were assessed at similar time intervals. Grip strength measured upper body strength, the Chair Rise Test measured lower body strength, and the SF-12 Physical Functioning scale measured self-reported physical functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, self-reported physical functioning and upper body muscle strength declined in ADT recipients but remained stable in prostate cancer controls. Contrary to expectations, lower body muscle strength remained stable in ADT recipients but improved in prostate cancer controls. Higher Gleason scores, more medical comorbidities, and less exercise at baseline predicted greater declines in physical functioning in ADT recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADT is associated with declines in self-reported physical functioning and upper body muscle strength as well as worse lower body muscle strength relative to prostate cancer controls. These findings should be included in patient education regarding the risks and benefits of ADT. Findings also underscore the importance of conducting research on ways to prevent or reverse declines in physical functioning in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive MRC-ADMIN, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Heather S L
authors.initials: HSL
authors.lastname: Jim
authors.affiliation: School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Brent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Mayer N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Randy V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Heysek
authors.affiliation: Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive MRC-ADMIN, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. paul.jacobsen@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists
keywords: Androgen deprivation; Anti-androgens; Muscle strength; Physical activity; Physical functioning; Prostate cancer; Quality of life