title: Myocardial expression of transforming growth factor beta family and endothelin-1 in the progression from heart failure to ascites in broilers with cold-induced pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: We determined mRNA expression of genes of endothelin-1 (ET-1), and of the transforming growth factor beta ligands (TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3), their receptors (TβRI and TβRII) and their pseudoreceptor BAMBI in the heart of broilers raised under cold temperature conditions and affected by pulmonary hypertension. Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR in right myocardial ventricle samples from 4-week-old chickens (n = 48) raised either under normal (control) or cold temperature conditions (22 °C versus 14 °C). We do not find differences among healthy birds, birds with cardiac failure and ascitic birds in the mRNA levels of TGFβ2, TGFβ3 and BAMBI. In the control group, ET-1 mRNA level was increased in the ascitic birds as compared with healthy birds and birds with cardiac failure (p < 0.05) whereas in the cold treated group, no increase was observed (p > 0.05); yet, ascitic birds in the cold group showed lower mean than ascitic birds in the control group (p < 0.05). TβRII mRNA expression was higher in ascitic than in healthy birds (p < 0.05) in both control and cold treated groups; however, in the ascitic birds of the cold treated group TβRII expression was lower than in ascitic birds from the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, the higher ET-1 and TβRII levels observed in ascitic birds seem to be attenuated by cold.
authors.affiliation: a Divisiœn de Ciencias Biolœgicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco , Coyoacan , DF , Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Castañeda
authors.affiliation: b Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Unidad Laguna. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro , Torreón , Mexico.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Avila
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , Tlalpan , DF , Mexico , and.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: d Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , FMVZ, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Tecamachalco , Mexico.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Jaramillo
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , Tlalpan , DF , Mexico , and.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escoto-Herrera
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , Tlalpan , DF , Mexico , and.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , Tlalpan , DF , Mexico , and.
authors.forename: Luis Manuel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Amezcua-Guerra
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , Tlalpan , DF , Mexico , and.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marquez-Velasco
authors.affiliation: a Divisiœn de Ciencias Biolœgicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco , Coyoacan , DF , Mexico.|c Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología , Tlalpan , DF , Mexico , and.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bojalil
authors.affiliation: a Divisiœn de Ciencias Biolœgicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco , Coyoacan , DF , Mexico.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Cervantes
authors.affiliation: a Divisiœn de Ciencias Biolœgicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco , Coyoacan , DF , Mexico.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez
keywords: Heart failure; ascites syndrome; extracellular matrix; myocardial remodeling