title: Development of a therapy against metastatic bladder cancer using an interleukin-2 surface-modified MB49 bladder cancer stem cells vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous study the streptavidin interleukin-2 (SA-IL-2)-modified MB49 vaccine was effective against bladder cancer in a mouse model. However, a small portion of tumors regrew because the vaccine could not eliminate MB49 bladder cancer stem cells (MCSCs). Accordingly, we developed a SA-IL-2-modified MCSCs vaccine and evaluated its antitumor effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  MCSCs were isolated and identified in cancer stem cells (CSCs) characters, with high expression of CSCs markers, higher resistance to chemotherapy, greater migration in vitro, and stronger tumorigenicity in vivo. The SA-IL-2 MCSCs vaccine was prepared and its bioactivity was evaluated. The protective, therapeutic, specific and memory immune response in animal experiments were designed to identify whether the vaccine elicited antitumor immunity and acted against metastatic bladder cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCSCs had higher level of CD133 and CD44, less susceptibility to chemotherapy, more pronounced migration and greater tumorigenic ability. The successfully prepared SA-IL-2 MCSCs vaccine inhibited the tumor volume and prolonged mice survival in animal experiments. The expression of IgG, the population of dendritic cells, CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells were highest in the experimental group than in the four control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SA-IL-2 MCSCs vaccine induced an antitumor immune response and was used to eliminate MCSCs to prevent tumor regrowth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. zhuyongtong@sina.com.|Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. zhuyongtong@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Tong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 814281202@qq.com.
authors.forename: Shi-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 345041047@qq.com.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 287713207@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. qjchu726@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qing-Jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. tanwanlong@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wan-Long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D019809:Streptavidin / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007376:Interleukin-2; D019809:Streptavidin