title: Effects of different forms of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, intestinal development, and systemic immunity in early-weaned piglets.
abstract: The present study was conducted to determine effects of different forms of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain Y200007) on the growth performance, intestinal development, and systemic immunity in early-weaned piglets. A total of 96 piglets (14-d old, initial average body weight of 4.5 kg) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: (1) basal diet without yeast (Control); (2) basal diet supplemented with 3.00 g/kg live yeast (LY); (3) basal diet supplemented with 2.66 g/kg heat-killed whole yeast (HKY); and (4) basal diet supplemented with 3.00 g/kg superfine yeast powders (SFY). Diets and water were provided ad libitum to the piglets during 3-week experiment. Growth performance of piglets was measured weekly. Samples of blood and small intestine were collected at days 7 and 21 of experiment. Dietary supplementation with LY and SFY improved G:F of piglets at days 1-21 of the experiment (P < 0.05) compared to Control group. Serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH), triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in piglets at day 21 of the experiment were higher when fed diets supplemented with LY and SFY than those in Control group (P < 0.05). Compared to Control group, contents of serum urea nitrogen of piglets were reduced by the 3 yeast-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with LY increased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio in duodenum and jejunum of piglets (P < 0.05) compared to other two groups at day 7 of the experiment. Feeding diets supplemented with LY and SFY increased (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of IgA, IL-2, and IL-6 levels in piglets compared to Control. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and proliferation of T-lymphocytes in piglets fed diets supplemented with LY were increased compared to that of Control group at day 7 of the experiment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with both LY and SFY enhanced feed conversion, small intestinal development, and systemic immunity in early-weaned piglets, with better improvement in feed conversion by dietary supplementation with LY, while dietary supplementation with SFY was more effective in increasing systemic immune functions in early-weaned piglets.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China ; Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Zongyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Shaoyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Zhilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Shenglan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Chuntian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Xianyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed (South China), Ministry of Agriculture of China, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China.
authors.forename: Xuefen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Growth performance; Immunity; Intestinal development; Piglets; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yeast