title: Evaluation of carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate in the inflammatory processes for oral regenerative medicine applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of hyaluronic acid (HY), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and MWCNT functionalized with HY (HY-MWCNT) on the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in the pleural cavity of LPS-challenged mice and to assess the influence of these materials in the inflammatory process of bone repair of tooth sockets of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57Bl/6 mice were intra-pleurally injected with HY, MWCNT, HY-MWCNT, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or LPS. The animals were euthanized after 8 and 24 h, and cells were harvested for total and differential cell counting. The tooth sockets of Wistar rats were filled with HY, MWCNT, HY-MWCNT, or blood clot (control). After 1, 3, and 7 days, histological and morphometric analyses evaluated the number of cell nuclei and blood vessels, and bone trabeculae formation in the sockets. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity quantified neutrophil accumulation in the sockets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HY, MWCNT, and HY-MWCNT increased neutrophilic recruitment at 8 h and reduced the inflammatory process at 24 h in the pleural cavity. Histological and morphometric analyses and MPO activity showed no significant differences in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the tooth sockets. HY increased the number of blood vessels, and HY and HY-MWCNT increased bone trabeculae formation at 7 days of tooth extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HY, MWCNT, and HY-MWCNT resolved the neutrophilic inflammation in the pleural cavity of the mice. However, these materials did not modulate the inflammatory process in the early stages of bone repair of the tooth sockets, thereby excluding this action as a possible mechanism by which these biomaterials accelerate bone repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HY-MWCNT is capable of accelerating bone repair/regeneration without affecting the inflammatory phase during the bone healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Antônio
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Martins-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Augusto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alesandra Corte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Queiroz-Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Vidigal
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Caliari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro Martins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Orlando
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Ladeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31.270-901, MG, Brazil. anderson@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Anderson José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000187:drug effects*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Bone repair; Carbon nanotubes; Hyaluronic acid; Inflammation; Neutrophil