title: [Brainstem cavernous malformation and its surgical treatment].
abstract: To analyze the clinical characteristics and surgery approach for patients with brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM).
  
  
  
  The clinical data of 23 BSCM patients (5 cases at midbrain, 16 cases at pons, and 2 cases at medulla) treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2003 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The medical history, radiological findings, operation records, postoperative course and follow-up results were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Suboccipital approach, retrosigmoid approach, subtentorial supracerebella approach, Poppen approach, pterional approach, Kawase approach, interhemispheric transcallosal third ventrical approach were applied for the surgery of BSCM patients. Among them, Kawase approach and interhemispheric transcallosal third ventrical approach were firstly reported in treatment of BSCM. Total resection was achieved in 22 cases. Neurological function was improved in 15 cases, unchanged in 7 cases and deteriorated in 1 case. Fifteen cases were followed up for a mean period of 3.5 years and signs of recurrence was found.
  
  
  
  Proper selection of surgical approach is important to assure total resection of the lesions, to protect surrounding normal vital structures and to avoid post-surgical complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Xiang-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Lu-feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Yong-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 China.
authors.forename: Jian-min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome