title: Uptake of Marasmius oreades agglutinin disrupts integrin-dependent cell adhesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fruiting body lectins have been proposed to act as effector proteins in the defense of fungi against parasites and predators. The Marasmius oreades agglutinin (MOA) is a lectin from the fairy ring mushroom with specificity for Galα1-3Gal containing carbohydrates. This lectin is composed of an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain. The dimerization domain of MOA shows in addition calcium-dependent cysteine protease activity, similar to the calpain family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell detachment assay, cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, live cell imaging and Western blot using MDCKII cell line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we demonstrate in MDCKII cells that after internalization, MOA protease activity induces profound physiological cellular responses, like cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell detachment and cell death. These changes are preceded by a decrease in FAK phosphorylation and an internalization and degradation of β1-integrin, consistent with a disruption of integrin-dependent cell adhesion signaling. Once internalized, MOA accumulates in late endosomal compartments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a possible toxic mechanism of MOA, which consists of disturbing the cell adhesion and the cell viability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After being ingested by a predator, MOA might exert a protective role by diminishing host cell integrity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juillot
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cott
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madl
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Claudinon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Niels Sebastiaan Johannes
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Künzler
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thuenauer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: winfried.roemer@bioss.uni-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Römer
mesh_terms: D000373:Agglutinins / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002966:Clathrin / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D034281:Dynamins / Q000502:physiology; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000502:physiology*; D055433:Marasmius / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D002966:Clathrin; D019012:Integrin beta1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D034281:Dynamins
keywords: Cell adhesion; Cysteine protease; Focal adhesion kinase; Integrin; Lectin