title: Survival of Frog Virus 3 in Freshwater and Sediment from an English Lake.
abstract: Ranaviruses can be transmitted by contaminated water and sediment but must retain infectivity for a sufficient period to reach and infect a susceptible host. To determine the risk a virus represents once it enters the environment, its persistence in that environment must be determined. We evaluated the survival of frog virus 3 (FV3) in water and sediment from an English lake at temperatures of 4, 15, 20, and 30 C over time. The virus survived in both water and sediment; however, survival times were significantly lower in sediment. The virus lost infectivity in both matrices with a rise in temperature. In water, time required for a 90% reduction in virus titer decreased from 34 d at 4 C to 5 d at 30 C. In sediment, required time for a 90% reduction decreased from 10 d at 4 C to 1 d at 30 C. These results can be used to estimate the persistence of FV3 in the environment and indicate that the virus could remain infectious in temperate locations for extended periods during winter.
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.|2 Current address: School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy 5371, Australia.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bayley
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feist
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D004739:England; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000821:virology*; D017995:Ranavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000821:virology
keywords: Environment; indirect transmission; persistence; ranavirus