title: Evaluation of functional rhinoplasty using the Modified Cottle test in Asian patients.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  MCT is a useful tool to pre-operatively determine whether internal nasal valve (INV) narrowing affects a nasal obstruction. Functional rhinoplasty seemed to produce better results than septoplasty in Asian patients with a nasal obstruction, due to INV narrowing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study compared pre-operative modified Cottle test (MCT) findings and post-operative clinical improvement according to surgical approach in an Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and sixty-four patients who underwent septal surgery were enrolled. The clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and paranasal computed tomography (PNS CT) scan results were compared and analyzed between the MCT-positive and -negative groups, focusing on internal nasal valve narrowing. Post-operative clinical improvement were also compared based on whether septoplasty or functional rhinoplasty was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MCT-positive group had significantly higher pre-operative visual analog scale scores for nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea than those in the negative group. The MCT-positive group had a significantly higher percentage of highly deviated septa on PNS CT and endoscopic findings than those in the MCT-negative group. The functional rhinoplasty group had a significantly higher MCT conversion rate (positive to negative) and improvement in nasal obstruction than those in the septoplasty group.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Chul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwun
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Kun Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015508:Nasal Obstruction; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Functional rhinoplasty; internal nasal valve; modified Cottle test