title: High myopia and cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cataract surgery in high myopes is challenging. Using third-generation intraocular lens (IOL) formulas, without adjustments, hyperopic refractive outcomes are common. We discuss these issues, focusing on the various lens formulas and transformations that have improved postoperative accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axial length measurement error has been largely overcome by the use of optical interferometry. Despite this, consistent hyperopic errors are still reported. We reviewed the postoperative refraction results compared with the predicted refractions using: standard formulas (Holladay 1, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, and Haigis) with manufacturers' optical lens constants, the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry (ULIB) constants, manufacturers' constants with axial length adjustment method, and fourth-generation IOL formulas (Barrett Universal II, Holladay 2, and Olsen).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved predictive results is obtained with the Barrett Universal II (software constants), Haigis (ULIB), SRK/T, Holladay 2 (software constants), and Olsen (software constants) formulas in eyes with axial lengths greater than 26.0 mm and IOL powers greater than 6.0 D. In eyes with axial lengths greater than 26.0 mm and IOL less than 6.0 D, the Barrett Universal II formula (software constants) and the Haigis (axial length adjusted) and Holladay 1 formulas (axial length-adjusted) should be used.
authors.affiliation: aSingapore National Eye CentrebSingapore Eye Research InstitutecDuke-National University Singapore, SingaporedCentre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Elaine W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Jodhbir S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000601:surgery; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications