title: Effect of Genistein and L-Carnitine and Their Combination on Gene Expression of Hepatocyte HMG-COA Reductase and LDL Receptor in Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder that leads to hyperlipidemia. L-carnitine and genistein can effect on lipid metabolism and the syndrome. In the present study, we have delved into the separate and the twin-effects of L-carnitine and genistein on the gene expressions of HMG-COA reductase and LDL receptor in experimental nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this controlled experimental study, 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: NC (normal-control), PC (patient-control), LC (L-carnitine), G (genistein), LCG (L-carnitine-genistein). Adriamycin was used for inducing nephrotic syndrome and the spot urine samples and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio were measured. Hepatocytic RNA was extracted and real-time PCR was used for HMG-COA Reductase and LDL receptor gene Expression measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final weight of the patients groups were lower than the NC group (P=0.001), and weight gain of the NC group was higher than the other groups (P<0.001). The proteinuria and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio showed significant differences between PC group and LC, G and LCG groups at week 7 (P<0.001). The expression of HMGCOA Reductase mRNA down regulated in LC, G and LCG groups in comparison with PC group (P<0.001). ΔCT of LDLr mRNA showed significant differences between the PC group and the other patient groups (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a significant decreasing (P<0.001) and non-significant increasing trend in HMG-COA Reductase and LDLr gene expression, respectively, and synergistic effect of L-carnitine and genistein on these genes in experimental nephrotic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yousefinejad
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereydoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siassi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshafiey
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koohdani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Javanbakht
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Atena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramezani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarei
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
keywords: Gene; Genistein; L-carnitine; LDL Receptor; Nephrotic syndrome