title: Biofilm formation of ica operon-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis from different sources.
abstract: Information on the prevalence of biofilm-related factors (PIA, Bhp, Aap, Embp) in Staphylococcus epidermidis of animal origin is scarce. In this study, 263 S. epidermidis isolates of diverse origin (animal, farmers, patients, and laboratory staff) were investigated for the presence of the ica operon (icaRADBC). The icaRADBC-positive isolates were further characterized by means of biofilm formation, presence of other biofilm-related genes, antimicrobial resistance, and population structure. Of all isolates, 28.5% (n = 75) were icaRADBC-positive, including 16.5% of animal origin, 29.1% farmer isolates, and 44.6% hospital-associated isolates (including patients and laboratory staff isolates). Most icaRADBC-positive isolates carried embp (n = 73), aap (n = 57), bhp (n = 22), and IS256 (n = 29). Statistical differences were found between animal and patient isolates for the presence of icaRADBC, bhp, and aap. No statistically significant relation was found between the presence of one or more genes and the level of biofilm formation. Most icaRADBC-positive isolates belonged to the clonal complex 5 (formerly 2) and most sequence types corresponded to types previously observed in community and nosocomial S. epidermidis populations. Although the prevalence of S. epidermidis in the nasal cavity of bovines and poultry is low, some isolates belong to STs related to ica-positive clinical strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maria Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Argudín
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wannes
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vanderhaeghen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre - Staphylococcus aureus, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandendriessche
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vandecandelaere
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre - Staphylococcus aureus, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coenye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Butaye
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009876:Operon; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005839:Gentamicins; C487495:MecA protein, Staphylococcus epidermidis; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C497363:poly-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; D008712:Methicillin
keywords: Gentamicin; IS
  256; livestock; mecA; multi-locus sequence typing; polysaccharide intercellular adhesin