title: Curcumin protects against nicotine-induced stress during protein malnutrition in female rat through immunomodulation with cellular amelioration.
abstract: Nicotine aggravates many chronic inflammatory disorders in females under the protein-malnourished conditions because women are more susceptible to nicotine-induced diseases due to their low innate immunity. Although curcumin have been found to obliterate the nicotine-induced disorders through its anti-nicotinic activity under the protein-malnourished condition, the exact mechanism of protective action of curcumin is still unclear. Female Wister rats maintained under the normal and protein-restricted diets in two separate groups were injected with the effective dose of nicotine-tartrate (2.5 mg/kg body weight/day, subcutaneously) and supplemented with the effective dose of curcumin (80 mg/kg body weight/day, orally) for 21 days. The morphology of red blood cells (RBCs), molecular docking, lipid profile and activities of antioxidant enzymes in tissues, cytokines profiling (T helper cell type 1; and T helper cell type 2), mRNA and protein expression of cytokines, transcription factors (activator protein 1), regulatory molecule (P(53)), growth factors (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Transforming growth factor beta) were determined to establish the mechanism of actions of curcumin against the nicotine-mediated stress in the protein-malnourished rats. This study revealed that curcumin bound to the Histidine 87 residues of haemoglobin with a greater binding affinity and significantly protected the RBCs against nicotine-induced damage. Furthermore, the nicotine-mediated disruption of Th1/Th2 balance through upregulation and downregulation of different factors was effectively restored by curcumin under the protein-malnourished conditions. The study demonstrated that curcumin was a potent protective compound against the nicotine-induced stress and offered a probable biochemical and immunomodulatory mechanism of protective action of curcumin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Moumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.affiliation: School of Community Science, Indian Institute of Engineering and Science Technology, Howrah, 711103, India.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India.
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India. bdc_physics@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Brajadulal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D056747:Immunomodulation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D009538:Nicotine; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Curcumin; Cytokines; Nicotine; Protein-malnourished; Th1/Th2 balance