title: Cytokines profile in hypertensive patients with left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction.
abstract: There is strong evidence that inflammatory mediators play a key role in the progression to heart failure in patients with systemic hypertension (HTN). The present study aimed to identify a set of cytokines that are associated with early left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction as captured by echocardiography in patients with HTN in a cross-sectional case-control study nested within the FLEMish study on ENvironment, Genes and Health Outcome. We identified three groups of participants from the cohort: normotensive subjects (normotension; n = 30), HTN with normal LV structure and function (HTN [LV-]; n = 30), and HTN with evidence of adverse LV remodeling (HTN [LV+]; n = 50). We measured cytokines using a 63-plex Luminex platform. Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, we constructed three latent variables from the measured cytokines that explained 35%-45% of the variance between groups. We identified five common cytokines (interleukin 18, monokine induced by gamma interferon, hepatocyte growth factor, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, and vascular endothelial growth factor D) with a stable signal which had a major impact on the construction of the latent variables. Among these cytokines, after adjustment for confounders, interleukin 18 remained significantly different between HTN participants with and without LV involvement (P = .02). Moreover, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and leptin showed a consistent upward trend in all HTN patients compared with normotensive subjects. In conclusion, in HTN patients with LV remodeling or/and dysfunction, we identified a set of cytokines strongly associated with LV maladaptation. We also found a distinct profile of inflammatory biomarkers that characterize HTN.
authors.affiliation: Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: tatiana.kouznetsova@med.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuznetsova
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Judita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knez
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rosenberg-Hasson
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cauwenberghs
authors.affiliation: Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lutgarde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karakikes
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Holden
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maecker
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staessen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokines; diastolic dysfunction; hypertension; left ventricular remodeling