title: CHANGES IN SUBLINGUAL MICROCIRCULATION IS CLOSELY RELATED WITH THAT OF BULBAR CONJUNCTIVAL MICROCIRCULATION IN A RAT MODEL OF CARDIAC ARREST.
abstract: Following successful resuscitation, a significantly impaired microcirculation has been identified. The severity of the impairment of microcirculation is closely related to that of vital organ dysfunction. Sublingual microcirculation is a traditional site for the measurement of tissue perfusion. In the present study, we investigated the bulbar conjunctival microcirculatory alterations following CPR and its relationship with the changes of sublingual microcirculation in a rat model of cardiac arrest.Male Sprague-Dawley rats (450-550 g) were utilized. Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for 8 min followed by 8 min of CPR. Sublingual and bulbar conjunctival microcirculatory blood flow was visualized by a sidestream dark-field imaging device at baseline, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h post-resuscitation. Both perfused vessel density (PVD) and microcirculatory flow index (MFI) were recorded.The post-resuscitation PVD and MFI were significantly decreased in both sublingual and bulbar conjunctival sites. Sublingual PVD decreased from baseline of 5.9 ± 0.3 to 3.1 ± 0.4 n/mm at 30 min post-resuscitation and MFI from 3.0 ± 0.0 to 1.5 ± 0.3 (both P < 0.05 vs. baseline). Bulbar conjunctival PVD was significantly reduced from baseline of 6.5 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 0.5 n/mm at 30 min post-resuscitation and MFI from 3.0 ± 0.0 to 1.2 ± 0.4 (both P < 0.05 vs. baseline). PVD, MFI, and cardiac function did not change significantly from the 30-min measurements in the surviving rats throughout the remainder of the study (both P > 0.05 vs. 30-min post-resuscitation). The decreases in sublingual microcirculatory blood flow were closely correlated with the reductions of bulbar conjunctival microcirculatory blood flow (PVD: r = 0.87, P < 0.05; MFI: r = 0.92, P < 0.05). Myocardial function was significantly impaired in all animals after resuscitation when compared with baseline values (P < 0.05). The impairments of both sublingual and bulbar conjunctival microcirculation were significantly correlated with the impairment of myocardial function.In the rat model of cardiac arrest, the changes in sublingual microcirculatory blood flow are closely correlated with that of bulbar conjunctival microcirculatory blood flow after successful resuscitation. The changes are correlated with the severity of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Our study testified sublingual site could be substituted by bulbar conjunctival at least in the rat model of cardiac arrest. The measurement of conjunctival microcirculation may provide an accessible and convenient option as sublingual site for monitoring microcirculation in humans.
authors.affiliation: *Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Rancho Mirage, California †Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ‡Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. §Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hopsital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zhengfei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cahoon
authors.forename: Wanchun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014059:Tongue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*