title: Leveling Mountains: Purpose Attenuates Links Between Perceptions of Effort and Steepness.
abstract: People tend to overestimate the steepness of slopes, especially when they appraise the effort necessary to ascend them as greater. Recent studies, however, suggest the way individuals perceive visual stimuli may rely heavily on their personal motivations. In four studies (N = 517), purpose in life was tested as a motivational framework influencing how appraised effort relates to slope perception. Studies 1 and 2 found the amount of effort participants appraised necessary to ascend several virtual slopes was related to greater overestimation of their steepness. Yet, this relationship was attenuated by purpose assessed both as a disposition and experimental manipulation. Studies 3 and 4 replicated these findings using actual hills, again showing links between the amount of effort thought required to ascend them and their perceived angle were diminished by greater purpose. The discussion addresses implications of purpose as a broad motivational framework that shapes how individuals see their environment.
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA alb325@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Burrow
authors.affiliation: Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sumner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010465:Perception; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: hierarchical linear modeling; motivation/goals; perception; purpose in life