title: Recent trends in epidemiology, sensitization and legal requirements of selected relevant contact allergens.
abstract: Numerous studies have focused on emerging allergens causing contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in eczema populations and the general population, whereas only a few European multicenter studies systematically manage to detect prevalence rates of various contact allergies over time in eczema populations. Contact allergy is a life-time condition, which may lead to allergic contact dermatitis in individuals who do not manage to avoid exposure to the ascertained allergen in question. It is therefore of utmost importance that clinicians and dermatologists have sufficient knowledge on common allergens causing contact allergies in the general and working population. This review aimed to highlight the newest knowledge of frequent allergens of clinical importance. Literature was sought from the Pubmed™ database, Google™ scholar and textbooks. On the basis of the literature within the last 5 years, a comprehensive review of methylisothiazolinone, chromium, cobalt, rubber accelerators and fragrance ingredients were conducted. Of each allergen we discuss in detail the temporal trend of prevalence, source of exposure, clinical manifestation of allergic contact dermatitis and legislative measurements on how to regulate the exposure.
authors.affiliation: a National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology , Gentofte University Hospital , Hellerup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schwensen
authors.affiliation: a National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology , Gentofte University Hospital , Hellerup , Denmark.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bregnbak
authors.affiliation: a National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology , Gentofte University Hospital , Hellerup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeanne Duus
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002857:Chromium / Q000276:immunology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000276:immunology; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt
keywords: Allergic contact dermatitis; carbamates; chromium; cobalt; contact allergy; fragrances; methylisothiazolinone; rubber accelerators; thiurams