title: Treatment potential of the GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review.
abstract: Over the last decade, the discovery of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) has increased the treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 RAs mimic the effects of native GLP-1, which increases insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, increases satiety and slows gastric emptying. This review evaluates the phase III trials for all approved GLP-1 RAs and reports that all GLP-1 RAs decrease HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and lead to a reduction in body weight in the majority of trials. The most common adverse events are nausea and other gastrointestinal discomfort, while hypoglycaemia is rarely reported when GLP-1 RAs not are combined with sulfonylurea or insulin. Treatment options in the near future will include co-formulations of basal insulin and a GLP-1 RA.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
keywords: GLP-1 receptor agonist; albiglutide; dulaglutide; exenatide; liraglutide; lixisenatide; type 2 diabetes mellitus