title: A Second Look at the Association between Gender and Mortality on Antiretroviral Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the association between gender and mortality on antiretroviral therapy (ART) using identical models with and without sex-specific categories for weight and hemoglobin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of adult patients on ART.
  
  
  METHODS
  GHESKIO Clinic in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
  
  
  METHODS
  4,717 ART-naïve adult patients consecutively enrolled on ART at GHESKIO from 2003 to 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality on ART; multivariable analyses were conducted with and without sex-specific categories for weight and hemoglobin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Haiti, male gender was associated with mortality (OR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-2.00) in multivariable analyses with hemoglobin and weight included as control variables, but not when sex-specific interactions with hemoglobin and weight were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If sex-specific categories are omitted, multivariable analyses indicate a higher risk of mortality for males vs. females of the same weight and hemoglobin. However, because males have higher normal values for weight and hemoglobin, the males in this comparison would generally have poorer health status than the females. This may explain why gender differences in mortality are sometimes observed after controlling for differences in baseline variables when gender-specific interactions with weight and hemoglobin are omitted.
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.|Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Serena P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Severe
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: AIDS Prevention Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jessy G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dévieux
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Severe
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Adias
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcelin
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
authors.forename: Dgndy Alexandre
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ngoc
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Analysis Group, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cremieux
authors.affiliation: Haitian Study Group for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.|Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jean William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pape
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents