title: Methods of preservation and flotation for the detection of nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in faeces of the forest musk deer.
abstract: Parasitic infections influence the health of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and affect population increases. Nevertheless, there are few quantitative studies regarding forest musk deer parasites, and there is no common preservation method or flotation solution used for detection of faecal parasites because of the biology of the worms and the host physiological state. The objective of this study was to evaluate preservation and flotation methods for the detection of nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in faeces of the forest musk deer. The McMaster technique was used to count nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts in 33 samples of faeces. For the nematode eggs, the differences among flotation solutions were significant (P< 0.01), with sodium nitrate being the best flotation solution, and the combination of freezing and sodium nitrate resulted in the greatest number of eggs per gram (EPG = 209.4 ± 67.8). For the coccidian oocysts, the interaction between preservation method and flotation solution was significant (P< 0.01), and the combination of formalin and sodium chloride yielded the greatest number of oocysts per gram (OPG = 1010.7 ± 162.3). The forest musk deer had a high prevalence of parasitic infections, with the parasite load of coccidia (96.4%) significantly greater than that of nematodes (71.9%, P< 0.01). These results confirm that captive forest musk deer suffer from serious parasitic invasions and demonstrate that the novel method described here could be utilized for parasitological diagnosis, detection and prevention in species of Moschidae and Cervidae.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District,Beijing100083,China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District,Beijing100091,China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District,Beijing100083,China.
authors.forename: W X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District,Beijing100083,China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District,Beijing100083,China.
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District,Beijing100083,China.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Non-invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District,Beijing100083,China.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003044:Coccidia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003670:Deer / Q000469:parasitology; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000379:methods; D010274:Parasitology / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*