title: Climate change and marine vertebrates.
abstract: Climate change impacts on vertebrates have consequences for marine ecosystem structures and services. We review marine fish, mammal, turtle, and seabird responses to climate change and discuss their potential for adaptation. Direct and indirect responses are demonstrated from every ocean. Because of variation in research foci, observed responses differ among taxonomic groups (redistributions for fish, phenology for seabirds). Mechanisms of change are (i) direct physiological responses and (ii) climate-mediated predator-prey interactions. Regional-scale variation in climate-demographic functions makes range-wide population dynamics challenging to predict. The nexus of metabolism relative to ecosystem productivity and food webs appears key to predicting future effects on marine vertebrates. Integration of climate, oceanographic, ecosystem, and population models that incorporate evolutionary processes is needed to prioritize the climate-related conservation needs for these species.
authors.affiliation: Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Bodega Marine Laboratory/University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA. wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sydeman
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia. Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poloczanska
authors.affiliation: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification*; D057231:Climate Change; D056727:Endangered Species; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification*; D008322:Mammals / Q000145:classification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012623:Seawater; D014426:Turtles / Q000145:classification*