title: Applicability of gene expression and systems biology to develop pharmacogenetic predictors; antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms as an example.
abstract: Pharmacogenetics has been driven by a candidate gene approach. The disadvantage of this approach is that is limited by our current understanding of the mechanisms by which drugs act. Gene expression could help to elucidate the molecular signatures of antipsychotic treatments searching for dysregulated molecular pathways and the relationships between gene products, especially protein-protein interactions. To embrace the complexity of drug response, machine learning methods could help to identify gene-gene interactions and develop pharmacogenetic predictors of drug response. The present review summarizes the applicability of the topics presented here (gene expression, network analysis and gene-gene interactions) in pharmacogenetics. In order to achieve this, we present an example of identifying genetic predictors of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gassó
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.|Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lafuente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Convergent Functional Genomics; antipsychotic; extrapyramidal symptoms; gene expression; gene–gene interactions; machine learning methods; networks; pharmacogenetics; systems biology