title: The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Cerebral Microarteriovenous Malformation Presenting with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Series of 13 Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this report was to explore the clinical presentation, radiological features, treatment methods, and outcome of micro-AVMs presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data, radiological features, treatment, and follow-up results for a consecutive series of 13 cases with micro-AVMs were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 13 patients presented with intracerebral hemorrhage. Ten cases were confirmed by enhanced thin layer CT scanning and CTA, and the other 3 cases were confirmed by DSA. Treatment consisted of surgical removal in 10 cases, endovascular embolization in 1, and radiosurgery in 2. The modified GOS score was achieved in the third month after discharge: 10 cases were rated with 5 points (good recovery), 1 case was rated with 4 points (mild disability), and 2 cases were rated with 3 points (severe disability). During follow-up, No case of rebleeding was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracerebral hemorrhage is the main clinical manifestation of micro-AVMs. It is beneficial to find a tiny nidus of dense vessels located on hematoma wall on enhanced thin layer CT scanning for a clear diagnosis and to detect any abnormal feeding artery or venous drainage for an indirect diagnostic evidence. Resection is the main method of treatment for micro-AVMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bing
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
authors.forename: Shou-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult