title: Electronic media use and insomnia complaints in German adolescents: gender differences in use patterns and sleep problems.
abstract: Electronic media play an important role in the everyday lives of children and adolescents and have been shown to be associated with sleep problems. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between time spent using different electronic media and insomnia complaints (IC) in German adolescents with particular respect to gender differences in use patterns and associations with IC. Cross-sectional data of a weighted total of 7533 adolescents aged 11-17 stem from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) that was conducted from 2003 to 2006. The assessment of IC and time spent using different electronic media (television, computer/internet, video games, total screen time, mobile phones, and music) was included in a self-report questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between time spent per day with each electronic media and IC. Age, SES, emotional problems (anxiety/depression) and presence of a medical condition were considered as covariates in the adjusted model. Boys and girls were considered separately. For boys: computer/internet use of ≥3 h/d (AOR = 2.56, p < 0.05) and total screen time of ≥8 h/d (AOR = 2.45, p < 0.01) were associated with IC in users. Playing video games for 0.5-2 h/d reduced the odds for IC (AOR = 0.60, p < 0.05) compared to nonusers. For girls: Listening to music for ≥3 h/d was associated with IC (AOR = 4.24, p < 0.05) compared to non-listeners. Everyday use of electronic media devices is associated with IC in adolescents. Clinicians dealing with adolescents referred for sleep problems should be aware of gender-specific patterns of media use and sleep problems.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany. cohrsste@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohrs
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skarupke
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Görke
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences, Ravensburg-Weingarten, Weingarten, Germany.
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szagun
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D040421:Cell Phone; D000075782:Cell Phone Use; D002648:Child; D003201:Computers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009146:Music; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013690:Television; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Adolecents; Epidemiology; Insomnia complaints; Media use