title: Adult left-ventricular diverticulum and patent ductus arteriosus misdiagnosed as coronary artery disease with infarct aneurysm: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left-ventricular diverticulum (LD) associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is extremely rare. We have not found any previous reports of the coexistence of these two malformations. Such an association presenting with chest pain mimicking an infarct aneurysm with angina or a takotsubo cardiomyopathy with chest pain is difficult to differentiate clinically. Here, we discuss several diseases characterized by left-ventricular apical protrusion with chest pain to familiarize clinicians with the differential diagnosis of these diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of complaints of chest pain and dyspnoea, mainly on exertion. An electrocardiograph on admission showed a q-wave in lead I, a Q-wave in lead aVL, and an abnormal T-wave in the limb leads and leads V4 to V6. A transthoracic echocardiograph revealed a PDA and a protrusion arising from the apex of the left ventricle. The diagnosis on admission was PDA and coronary artery disease with infarct aneurysm. To evaluate the source of the chest pain, further evaluations were performed. Coronary angiography showed no abnormal findings. Left ventriculography confirmed the presence of an apical contractile out-pouching. Based on these findings, we revised the diagnosis as LD associated with PDA. The patient underwent transcatheter occlusion of the PDA and was discharged 3 days later. Unexpectedly, transcatheter occlusion resolved the paroxysmal chest pain in this case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case report of LD combined with PDA. PDA should be considered in the list of differential diagnosis of chest pain. Several diseases characterized by left-ventricular apical protrusion with chest pain, such as LD, infarct aneurysm and takotsubo cardiomyopathy, can be misdiagnosed as one another. Therefore, it is important to familiarize clinicians with the differential diagnosis of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China. qh1009@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China. tianqiliu12@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Tianqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China. markcj@126.com.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China. wangdong9859@sina.com.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China. liquann@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D003323:Coronary Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome