title: Constipation in Pediatric Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of constipation in patients with pediatric age group presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient Department of Urology in Pakistan Kidney Institute at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from November 2012 to February 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred pediatric patients presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) were studied in terms of age, gender, obstructive and irritative types of LUTS along with any associated symptoms. Constipation was assessed by Bristol stool chart in these patients. Patients with exstrophy of bladder were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics were measured for both qualitative and quantitative variables. For qualitative variables like gender, presenting symptoms, constipation and stool types, percentages and frequencies were calculated. For quantitative variables like age, percentages / mean &plusmn;SD were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 6.87 &plusmn;3.64 years with a range of 2 - 14 years. Constipation was found in 37.5% of the pediatric patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constipation is frequent and overlooked problem in pediatric patients having urinary symptoms. Irritative lower urinary tract symptoms are more common. Children up to 5 years of age are the most common sufferers. Knowing the burden of constipation in such patients can help physicians in better treatment of such cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Shujah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ur Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000503:physiopathology