title: Eveningness and Its Associated Impairments in Remitted Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: Sleep-wake and circadian rhythm disturbances are common in remitted bipolar disorder. These disturbances include difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, daytime sleepiness, sleep irregularity, and a circadian tendency toward eveningness. To date, few studies have examined the impact of eveningness on impairments in remitted bipolar disorder. Ninety-eight adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder I, II, or not otherwise specified were evaluated. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that eveningness was associated with greater sleep-wake disturbances, more unhealthy dietary habits, worse quality of life, more impaired interpersonal relationships, and more dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and behaviors, controlling for age, gender, and years of education. Targeted intervention on dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and behaviors may reverse eveningness and improve functioning in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
authors.forename: Tommy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
authors.forename: Ka-Fai
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
authors.forename: Chit-Tat
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: c School of Chinese Medicine University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
authors.forename: Wing-Fai
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China.
authors.forename: Fiona Y Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002681:China; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult