title: Exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic field radiation, ringtone and vibration affects anxiety-like behaviour and oxidative stress biomarkers in albino wistar rats.
abstract: Research on the effects of Mobile phone radio frequency emissions on biological systems has been focused on noise and vibrations as auditory stressors. This study investigated the potential effects of exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic field radiation, ringtone and vibration on anxiety-like behaviour and oxidative stress biomarkers in albino wistar rats. Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 animals each: group I: exposed to mobile phone in switched off mode (control), group II: exposed to mobile phone in silent mode, group III: exposed to mobile phone in vibration mode, group IV: exposed to mobile phone in ringtone mode, group V: exposed to mobile phone in vibration and ringtone mode. The animals in group II to V were exposed to 10 min call (30 missed calls for 20 s each) per day for 4 weeks. Neurobehavioural studies for assessing anxiety were carried out 24 h after the last exposure and the animals were sacrificed. Brain samples were collected for biochemical evaluation immediately. Results obtained showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in open arm duration in all the experimental groups when compared to the control. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was also observed in catalase activity in group IV and V when compared to the control. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicates that 4 weeks exposure to electromagnetic radiation, vibration, ringtone or both produced a significant effect on anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in young wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria. mshehu55@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abubakar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shehu
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aliyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Rabiu Abdussalam
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Magaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mustapha Shehu
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Anxiety; Electromagnetic radiation; Mobile phone; Oxidative stress; Ringtone; Vibration