title: Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica populations from the Carpathian Basin.
abstract: The ascomycetous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) is one of the most important fungal pathogens of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), causing chestnut blight. It is originated from Eastern Asia and was introduced into North America, and later into Europe. Almost 100 C. parasitica isolates were collected mainly from the Carpathian Basin to study their diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Three nuclear molecular markers were tested: (i) internal transcribed spacers (ITS), (ii) translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha (tef1), and (iii) six microsatellite loci. The ITS region proved to be highly polymorphic but this kind of variability did not reflect the geographical regions of the isolates, while the tef1 sequences were identical in all isolates. Microsatellite haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.923-0.984) calculated for the fungal populations of the Carpathian Basin. This may have resulted from the multiple introductions from diverse origins of the populations, close to the first site of observation in Northern Italy. The BAPS analysis of the microsatellite markers occasionally grouped together samples from remote geographical origin, suggesting human assistance in the introduction of new C. parasitica haplotypes from distinct areas.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Görcsös
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.|Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irinyi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radócz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tarcali
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sándor
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005060:Europe; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: BAPS analysis; Cryphonectria parasitica; microsatellite; phylogenic markers; population structure