title: Influence of Palmatine on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Mice and Cytokine Secretion of Osteoblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), regulate the cognate receptor RANK on osteoclast precursor cells. Herein we examined the inhibitory effects of palmatine on bone metabolism using ovariectomized (OVX) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first experimentaI set was designed to histologically and biochemically examine mice randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, OVX, and OVX-palmatine intake groups (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). The second experimental set examined the influence of palmatine on osteoblast-like cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palmatine caused significant suppression of osteoclast numbers in tissues. In palmatine-treated mice, RANKL and OPG expression decreased. In the culture supernatant of MC3T3-E1 cells, RANKL and OPG levels were significantly reduced by palmatine addition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palmatine may attenuate osteoclast differentiation through inhibition of RANKL and OPG expression by osteoblasts. Therefore, palmatine might be a candidate anti-resorptive agent for osteoporosis therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan s-ishikawa@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tajika
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moue
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusayanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisamitsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010052:Ovariectomy; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001600:Berberine Alkaloids; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; C506031:Tnfrsf11b protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; C005413:palmatine
keywords: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; osteoprotegerin; ovariectomized mice; palmatine; postmenopausal osteoporosis