title: Forager bees (Apis mellifera) highly express immune and detoxification genes in tissues associated with nectar processing.
abstract: Pollinators, including honey bees, routinely encounter potentially harmful microorganisms and phytochemicals during foraging. However, the mechanisms by which honey bees manage these potential threats are poorly understood. In this study, we examine the expression of antimicrobial, immune and detoxification genes in Apis mellifera and compare between forager and nurse bees using tissue-specific RNA-seq and qPCR. Our analysis revealed extensive tissue-specific expression of antimicrobial, immune signaling, and detoxification genes. Variation in gene expression between worker stages was pronounced in the mandibular and hypopharyngeal gland (HPG), where foragers were enriched in transcripts that encode antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and immune response. Additionally, forager HPGs and mandibular glands were enriched in transcripts encoding detoxification enzymes, including some associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Using qPCR on an independent dataset, we verified differential expression of three AMP and three P450 genes between foragers and nurses. High expression of AMP genes in nectar-processing tissues suggests that these peptides may contribute to antimicrobial properties of honey or to honey bee defense against environmentally-acquired microorganisms. Together, these results suggest that worker role and tissue-specific expression of AMPs, and immune and detoxification enzymes may contribute to defense against microorganisms and xenobiotic compounds acquired while foraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Stanford University, 488 Herrin Labs, Stanford, 94043, United States.|Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, 043 Briggs Hall Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vannette
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, 043 Briggs Hall Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, 043 Briggs Hall Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006722:Honey; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D057048:Plant Nectar / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D010455:Peptides; D057048:Plant Nectar