title: New Insights about Treg and Th17 Cells in HIV Infection and Disease Progression.
abstract: Treg and Th17 cell subsets are characterized by the expression of specific transcriptional factors and chemokine receptor as well as by secretion of specific cytokine and chemokines. These subsets are important to the differentiation, expansion, homing capacity, and recruitment of several different immune cell populations to the site of infection. Whereas Treg cells maintain self-tolerance and control the activation and expansion of autoreactive CD4(+) T effector cells through an anti-inflammatory response, Th17 cells, in an exacerbated unregulated proinflammatory response, can promote autoimmunity. Despite such apparently opposite functions, Th17 and Treg cells share common characteristics, and their differentiation pathways are interconnected. Recent studies have revealed quite intricate relations between Treg and Th17 cells in HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Considering Treg cells, different subsets were already investigated in the context of HIV infection, indicating a fluctuation in the total number and frequency throughout the disease course. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the role of regulatory T and Th17 cells in the context of HIV infection, highlighting the importance of the balance between these two subsets on disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, Genetics Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43323, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacqueline María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Valverde-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, Genetics Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43323, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Cotta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Matte
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, Genetics Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43323, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rúbia Marília
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, Genetics Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43323, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Artur Bogo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002450:Cell Communication; D018450:Disease Progression; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*