title: Comparison of Propofol, Propofol-Remifentanil, and Propofol-Fentanyl Administrations with Each Other Used for the Sedation of Patients to Undergo ERCP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using single anesthetic agent in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may lead to inadequate analgesia and sedation. To achieve the adequate analgesia and sedation the single anesthetic agent doses must be increased which causes undesirable side effects. For avoiding high doses of single anesthetic agent nowadays combination with sedative agents is mostly a choice for analgesia and sedation for ERCP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of propofol alone, propofol + remifentanil, and propofol + fentanyl combinations on the total dose of propofol to be administered during ERCP and on the pain scores after the process.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized study was performed with 90 patients (ASA I-II-III) ranging between 18 and 70 years of age who underwent sedation/analgesia for elective ERCP. The patients were administered only propofol (1.5 mg/kg) in Group Ι, remifentanil (0.05 μg/kg) + propofol (1.5 mg/kg) combination in Group II, and fentanyl (1 μg/kg) + propofol (1.5 mg/kg) combination in Group III. All the patients' sedation levels were assessed with the Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS). Their recovery was assessed with the Aldrete and Numerical Rating Scale Score (NRS) at 10 min intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total doses of propofol administered to the patients in the three groups in this study were as follows: 375 mg in Group I, 150 mg in Group II, and 245 mg in Group III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was observed that, in the patients undergoing ERCP, administration of propofol in combination with an opioid provided effective and reliable sedation, reduced the total dose of propofol, increased the practitioner satisfaction, decreased the pain level, and provided hemodynamic stability compared to the administration of propofol alone.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Kızılay S. No. 4, Sıhhıye, Altındağ, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Candan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haytural
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Kızılay S. No. 4, Sıhhıye, Altındağ, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aydınlı
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Kızılay S. No. 4, Sıhhıye, Altındağ, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Caycuma State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Clinic, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek İhtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selçuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dişibeyaz
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Kızılay S. No. 4, Sıhhıye, Altındağ, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saraç
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Kızılay S. No. 4, Sıhhıye, Altındağ, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özgök
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Kızılay S. No. 4, Sıhhıye, Altındağ, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kazancı
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol