title: Thirty-six month clinical evaluation of a highly filled flowable composite for direct posterior restorations.
abstract: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a highly filled flowable composite compared to a conventional paste-type composite in direct posterior restorations after 36 months.
  
  
  
  A total of 58 mid-size to extensive posterior composite restorations were randomly placed in 32 patients, mean age of 43.9 years (range 25-76), using either a conventional composite Estelite Sigma Quick (Conventional) or a highly filled flowable composite G-aenial Universal Flo with a two-step self-etch adhesive. The restorations were evaluated after placement (baseline) and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months according to the FDI criteria.
  
  
  
  At the 36-month follow-up, 42 restorations were evaluated in 21 patients. After 36 months, the difference between highly filled flowable and conventional restorations was not statistically significant with respect to all evaluation parameters (p < 0.05). No secondary caries was observed.
  
  
  
  The highly filled flowable composite showed a comparable clinical effectiveness as the conventional paste composite in posterior restorations over 36 months.
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitasako
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Associate Director in Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics and Technology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C507124:Estelite sigma; C111840:flowable hybrid composite
keywords: Clinical results; direct restoration; flowable composite; posterior restoration; randomized controlled study