title: Is The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey Specific for Convergence Insufficiency? A Prospective, Randomized Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) is a questionnaire used as an outcome measure in treatment of convergence insufficiency. The current prospective randomized trial evaluates the diagnostic specificity of the CISS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were completed by 118 adolescent patients who presented for routine eye examinations. Scores were compared between patients who could be classified as having convergence insufficiency (CI) or normal binocular vision (NBV). In addition, a comparison was done between self-and practitioner-administered CISS scores within these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean CISS score did not differ significantly between NBV patients (14.1±11.3, range of 0 to 43) and CI patients (12.3±6.7, range of 3 to 28); P=0.32. Mean CISS scores were lower when physician-administered (11.4±7.9) than when self-administered (16.3±11.4); P=0.007.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CISS scores tend to be higher when self-vs. practitioner-administered. This study suggests that the CISS questionnaire is not specific for convergence insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Specialists Center, Chicago Ridge, Illinois.
authors.forename: Lindsay A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Specialists Center, Chicago Ridge, Illinois.
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ticho
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Specialists Center, Chicago Ridge, Illinois.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Khammar
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Specialists Center, Chicago Ridge, Illinois.
authors.forename: Megan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Specialists Center, Chicago Ridge, Illinois.
authors.forename: Birva A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: binocular vision; convergence insufficiency; convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS); strabismus