title: Electric Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) in Vital Hepatic Structures and Follow-up Investigation.
abstract: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) with microsecond-pulsed electric fields (μsPEFs) can effectively ablate hepatocellular carcinomas in animal models. This preclinical study evaluates the feasibility and safety of IRE on porcine livers. Altogether, 10 pigs were included. Computed tomography (CT) was used to guide two-needle electrodes that were inserted near the hilus hepatis and gall bladder. Animals were followed-up at 2 hours and at 2, 7 and 14 days post-treatment. During and after μsPEF ablation, electrocardiographs found no cardiovascular events, and contrast CT found no portal vein thrombosis. There was necrosis in the ablation zone. Mild cystic oedema around the gall bladder was found 2 hours post-treatment. Pathological studies showed extensive cell death. There was no large vessel damage, but there was mild endothelial damage in some small vessels. Follow-up liver function tests and routine blood tests showed immediate liver function damage and recovery from the damage, which correlated to the pathological changes. These results indicate that μsPEF ablation affects liver tissue and is less effective in vessels, which enable μsPEFs to ablate central tumour lesions close to the hilus hepatis and near large vessels and bile ducts, removing some of the limitations and contraindications of conventional thermal ablation.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Tongyin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Xiongxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.|The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
authors.forename: Shusen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000528:radiation effects; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004560:Electricity; D053672:Electrochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media