title: A Girl with Idiopathic Epilepsy Showing Forced Normalization after Levetiracetam Administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Forced normalization has been reported in association with almost all anti-epileptic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on a 9-year-old girl with idiopathic epilepsy who showed forced normalization after administration of levetiracetam (LEV). She initially presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures when she was 4 years old. Diffuse sharp and slow wave complexes (SWCs) were observed on electroencephalography (EEG). We prescribed sodium valproate (VPA) and benzodiazepines, but the seizures and EEG findings worsened gradually. Although subsequent administration of LEV stopped the seizures, the patient became subject to episodes of rage and violent behavior. Forced normalization was confirmed by the disappearance of SWCs on EEG. We reduced the dose of LEV and tried in various ways to resolve the situation, but finally we had to abandon LEV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with idiopathic epilepsy but without disabilities in everyday life showing forced normalization associated with LEV administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam