title: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to characterize Candida clinical isolates.
abstract: Clinical Candida isolates from two different hospitals in Rome were identified and clustered by MALDI-TOF MS system and their origin and evolution estimated by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. The different species of Candida were correctly identified and clustered separately, confirming the ability of these techniques to discriminate between different Candida species. Focusing MALDI-TOF analysis on a single Candida species, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis strains clustered differently for hospital setting as well as for period of isolation than Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis isolates. The evolutionary rates of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (1.93×10(-2) and 1.17×10(-2)substitutions/site/year, respectively) were in agreement with a higher rate of mutation of these species, even in a narrow period, than what was observed in C. glabrata and C. tropicalis strains (6.99×10(-4) and 7.52×10(-3)substitutions/site/year, respectively). C. albicans resulted as the species with the highest between and within clades genetic distance values in agreement with the temporal-related clustering found by MALDI-TOF and the high evolutionary rate 1.93×10(-2)substitutions/site/year.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy. Electronic address: s.angeletti@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Reference Centre on Phylogeny, Molecular Epidemiology, and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM), National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo Presti
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Reference Centre on Phylogeny, Molecular Epidemiology, and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM), National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giordano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dicuonzo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, "S. Spirito" Hospital of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palazzotti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Etleva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dedej
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Reference Centre on Phylogeny, Molecular Epidemiology, and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM), National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciccozzi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Florio
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002175:Candida / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology*; D002965:Classification / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Candida isolates; Evolution; MALDI-TOF; Phylogenesis