title: Optimization of Lactobacillus acidophilus cultivation using taro waste and evaluation of its biological activity.
abstract: In this study, taro waste (TW) was utilized for Lactobacillus acidophilus BCRC 14079 cultivation and the anti-tumor and immune-modulatory properties of heat-killed cells (HKCs), cytoplasmic fraction (CF), and exopolysaccharide (EPS) were evaluated. The optimum liquefaction enzyme dosage, temperature, and time determined by Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) were 9 mL/L of α-amylase, 79.2 °C, and 5 h of reaction, respectively. The optimum temperature and reaction time for saccharification were determined as 60 °C and 3 h. The optimum medium, CGMY1 medium, constitutes of TW hydrolysate containing 37 g/L of glucose, 25 g/L of corn gluten meal (CGM), and 1 g/L of yeast extract (YE). Results of MTT assay showed that HKCs and EPS from CGM medium exhibited the highest anti-proliferative in HT-29 (IC50 of HKCs, 467.25 μg/mL; EPS, 716.10 μg/mL) and in Caco-2 cells (IC50 of EPS, 741.60 μg/mL). Luciferase-based NF-ΚB and COX-2 systems indicated HKCs from CGM medium stimulated the highest expression of luciferin in both systems. The luciferase activities by using 100 and 500 μg/mL of HKCs from CGM were 24.30- and 45.83-fold in NF-ΚB system and 11.54- and 4.93-fold in COX-2 system higher than the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of TW medium for L. acidophilus cultivation and the production of non-viable probiotics with enhanced biological activities.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1492 Chung-Shan Road, Taoyuan District, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Pua
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Biobank Management Center of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu District, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ren-Jun
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. kccheng@ntu.edu.tw.|Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. kccheng@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Kuan-Chen
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D031060:Colocasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007220:Industrial Waste
keywords: Anti-tumor; Exopolysaccharide; Heat-killed cell; Immune regulation; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Taro waste