title: A critical view of transgender health care in Germany: Psychopathologizing gender identity - Symptom of 'disordered' psychiatric/psychological diagnostics?
abstract: After explaining the essential trans* terminology, I offer a short historical overview of the way health care has dealt with the subject of gender, trans* and health in different times. In the third section, I compare the world's most important diagnostic manuals, namely the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD) and the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM), i.e. their criteria for 'gender identity disorders' (ICD-10) and 'gender dysphoria' (DSM-5). The fourth section branch out the factors which influence every diagnostic conception - of no matter whom - in the health care system. The last section discusses the implications resulting from this diagnostic dilemma for the health situation of gender nonconforming people.
authors.affiliation: a Clinic of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Westküstenklinikum Heide , Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güldenring
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D000068116:Gender Dysphoria / Q000145:classification*; D005783:Gender Identity; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000145:classification*; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000145:classification*; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000145:classification*; D008297:Male; D005260:Female
keywords: Transsexuality; gender dysphoria; gender identity; gender incongruence; gender nonconforming; sexual identity; transgenderism