title: Effects of health information technology on patient outcomes: a systematic review.
abstract: To systematically review studies assessing the effects of health information technology (health IT) on patient safety outcomes.
  
  
  
  The authors employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement methods. MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health (CINAHL), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, from 2001 to June 2012, were searched. Descriptive and comparative studies were included that involved use of health IT in a clinical setting and measured effects on patient safety outcomes.
  
  
  
  Data on setting, subjects, information technology implemented, and type of patient safety outcomes were all abstracted. The quality of the studies was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers (scored from 0 to 10). A total of 69 studies met inclusion criteria. Quality scores ranged from 1 to 9. There were 25 (36%) studies that found benefit of health IT on direct patient safety outcomes for the primary outcome measured, 43 (62%) studies that either had non-significant or mixed findings, and 1 (1%) study for which health IT had a detrimental effect. Neither the quality of the studies nor the rate of randomized control trials performed changed over time. Most studies that demonstrated a positive benefit of health IT on direct patient safety outcomes were inpatient, single-center, and either cohort or observational trials studying clinical decision support or computerized provider order entry.
  
  
  
  Many areas of health IT application remain understudied and the majority of studies have non-significant or mixed findings. Our study suggests that larger, higher quality studies need to be conducted, particularly in the long-term care and ambulatory care settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Center for Healthcare Informatics and Policy, New York, NY, USA Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Center for Healthcare Informatics and Policy, New York, NY, USA Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rainu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaushal
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Center for Healthcare Informatics and Policy, New York, NY, USA Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Grinspan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Rhonda J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.affiliation: Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Center for Healthcare Informatics and Policy, New York, NY, USA Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA err9009@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Erika L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Abramson
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics; D061214:Patient Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adverse events; health information technology; patient outcomes; systematic review