title: The deep ocean under climate change.
abstract: The deep ocean absorbs vast amounts of heat and carbon dioxide, providing a critical buffer to climate change but exposing vulnerable ecosystems to combined stresses of warming, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and altered food inputs. Resulting changes may threaten biodiversity and compromise key ocean services that maintain a healthy planet and human livelihoods. There exist large gaps in understanding of the physical and ecological feedbacks that will occur. Explicit recognition of deep-ocean climate mitigation and inclusion in adaptation planning by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) could help to expand deep-ocean research and observation and to protect the integrity and functions of deep-ocean ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA. llevin@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Le Bris
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D057232:Global Warming; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010100:Oxygen
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen