title: Computed tomography morphological analysis of the scapula and its implications in shoulder arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Healthy shoulder morphology is still unclear. Since bone morphology influences prosthetic features, this is relevant for glenohumeral joint reconstruction. The objective of this study was to assess the normal values of glenoid version, maximum width, base width and vault depth on computed tomography scans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Axial cut CT scans of 1072 healthy glenoids were retrospectively reviewed. Values of glenoid version, maximum glenoid width, glenoid base width and glenoid vault depth were measured by two different observers. Differences were determined between genders, and reproducibility and interrater reliability assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glenoid version was 37.71° ± 10.75°, range -6.20° to 71.30°; maximum glenoid width was 26.06 ± 3.27 mm, range 15.40-36.90 mm; glenoid base width was 16.59 ± 2.61 mm, range 8.90-25.40 mm; glenoid vault depth was 9.72 ± 1.62 mm, range 4.70-15.90 mm. All measurements except for glenoid version were significantly higher in males than in females. Reproducibility was good for every measurement, except glenoid vault depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found differences in maximum glenoid width, base width and vault depth by gender in a large sample. Glenoid components' maximum width was defined, as was reaming extension and orientation, the space available for implantation of the glenoid component, placement of pegs or keels in anatomic prostheses and the target for glenoid screws in inverted prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. cndamas@gmail.com.|Hospital S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. cndamas@gmail.com.|Residência Universitária WORLD, Rua do Monte da Estação, Porta B, 4300-342, Porto, Portugal. cndamas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Catarina N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Damas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.|Hospital S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Primary Healthcare Unit "Saúde em Família", Rua de Angola, n.180, 4425-616, Pedrouços, Maia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Márcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.|Hospital S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.|Orthopaedics Department, Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012540:Scapula / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anatomic prosthesis; Glenoid morphology; Glenoid version; Inverted prosthesis; Shoulder morphology; Shoulder prosthesis