title: Impact of change in winter strategy of one parasitoid species on the diversity and function of a guild of parasitoids.
abstract: The rise of temperatures may enable species to increase their activities during winter periods and to occupy new areas. In winter, resource density is low for most species and an increased number of active consumers during this season may produce heightened competitive pressure. In Western France, the aphid parasitoid species Aphidius avenae Haliday has been known to adopt a winter diapausing strategy adjacent to newly sown cereal crops, until recent reports of active winter populations in cereal crops. We investigate how the addition of this species to the winter guild of parasitoids may change the structure of the aphid-parasitoid food web and the host-exploitation strategies of previously occurring parasitoids. We showed that in winter, Aphidius avenae was mostly associated with two aphid species, Sitobion avenae Fabricius and Metopolophium dirhodum Walker, while the generalist species Aphidius rhopalosiphi was restricted to the aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi L. in the presence of Aphidius avenae. Due to this new competition, winter food webs present a higher degree of compartmentalization and lower proportional similarity index values than spring ones. Parasitoid and aphid abundances responded significantly to changes in daily high temperatures, suggesting that the host-parasitoid community structure can be partly predicted by climate. This study demonstrates how a change in the winter strategy of one species of a guild can modify complex interspecific relationships in host-parasitoid systems.
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.|UMR INRA 1349 IGEPP, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.|Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Thiago Oliveira
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: UMR INRA 1349 IGEPP, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.|Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krespi
authors.affiliation: Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.|UMR CNRS 6554 LETG-Rennes, Université de Rennes 2, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonnardot
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France. joan.van-baaren@univ-rennes1.fr.|Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France. joan.van-baaren@univ-rennes1.fr.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Baaren
authors.affiliation: Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France.|UMR INRA 1349 IGEPP, Agrocampus-Ouest, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Outreman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000502:physiology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002980:Climate; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D002523:Edible Grain; D020387:Food Chain; D005602:France; D060434:Herbivory; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Aphidius; Climate change; Food webs; Foraging strategies; Interspecific competition