title: How older adults use cognition in sentence-final word recognition.
abstract: This study examined the effects of executive control and working memory on older adults' sentence-final word recognition. The question we addressed was the importance of executive functions to this process and how it is modulated by the predictability of the speech material. To this end, we tested 173 neurologically intact adult native English speakers aged 55-84 years. Participants were given a sentence-final word recognition test in which sentential context was manipulated and sentences were presented in different levels of babble, and multiple tests of executive functioning assessing inhibition, shifting, and efficient access to long-term memory, as well as working memory. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we found that better inhibition was associated with higher accuracy in word recognition, while increased age and greater hearing loss were associated with poorer performance. Findings are discussed in the framework of semantic control and are interpreted as supporting a theoretical view of executive control which emphasizes functional diversity among executive components.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cahana-Amitay
authors.affiliation: b Department of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, Boston University , Boston , MA , USA.|c Department of Psychiatry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Avron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Jesse T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Abigail C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Oveis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|e The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Higby
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.affiliation: e The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.|g Department of Cognitive Sciences and Neurology , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|e The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.|f Lehman College, City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goral
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|e The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Jungmoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.|d Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System , Boston , MA , USA.|e The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Loraine K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Obler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Word recognition; babble; executive functions; predictability; working memory