title: Physical Violence against General Practitioners and Nurses in Chinese Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors of physical violence in Chinese township hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was used in a sample of 442 general practitioners and 398 general nurses from 90 township hospitals located in Heilongjiang province, China (response rate = 84.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 106 of the 840 (12.6%) respondents reported being physically attacked in their workplace in the previous 12 months. Most perpetrators were the patients' relatives (62.3%), followed by the patient (22.6%); 73.6% of perpetrators were aged between 20 and 40 years. Of the physical violence incidents, about 56.6% (n = 60) resulted in a physical injury, and 45.4% of respondents took two or three days of sick leave. Reporting workplace violence in hospitals to superiors or authorities was low (9.4%). Most respondents (62.8%) did not receive training on how to avoid workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses indicated that general nurses, aged 35 years or younger, and with a higher-level professional title were more likely to experience physical violence. Healthcare workers with direct physical contact (washing, turning, lifting) with patients had a higher risk of physical violence compared to other health care workers. Procedures for reporting workplace violence were a protective factor for physical violence; when in place, reporting after psychological violence (verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing, harassment, and threats) was more protective than waiting until an instance of physical violence (beating, kicking, slapping, stabbing, etc.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical violence in Chinese township hospitals is an occupational hazard of rural public health concern. Policies, procedures, and intervention strategies should be undertaken to manage this issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Mingli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Hongkun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 5 Wards, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Demography, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Demography, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China.
authors.forename: Qunhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000066550:Physical Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057766:Policy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors