title: A missing piece of the puzzle: Atg11 functions as a scaffold to activate Atg1 for selective autophagy.
abstract: The mechanism regulating Atg1 kinase activity for the initiation of selective macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) under nutrient-rich conditions has been a long-standing question. Canonically in yeast, nutrient starvation or rapamycin treatment repress TOR complex 1 and stimulate the Atg1 complex (including at least Atg1, Atg13, Atg17, Atg29 and Atg31), which allows the recruitment of downstream autophagy-related (Atg) components to the phagophore assembly site (PAS), culminating in phagophore formation, and, subsequently, autophagosome biogenesis. Atg1 also functions under conditions promoting selective autophagy that do not necessarily require nutrient deprivation for induction. However, there has been some debate as to whether Atg1 catalytic activity plays a more important role under conditions of nutrient starvation-induced autophagy (i.e., bulk autophagy) vs. selective autophagy (e.g., the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting [Cvt] pathway). A recent paper by Kamber and colleagues investigates the mechanism regulating Atg1 activity during selective autophagy.
authors.affiliation: a Life Sciences Institute ; University of Michigan ; Ann Arbor , MI USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delorme-Axford
authors.affiliation: a Life Sciences Institute ; University of Michigan ; Ann Arbor , MI USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Klionsky
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D000071189:Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000071189:Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C484754:ULK1 protein, human
keywords: Atg19; Cvt; pexophagy; prApe1; yeast