title: Helicobacter pylori among patients with symptoms of gastroduodenal ulcer disease in rural Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To meet key millennium development goals, the rural population needs to be reached for health assessment and service delivery. Gastroduodenal ulcer disease is a common ailment affecting the health of people in Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bwera Hospital in Kasese district of western Uganda, to establish the prevalence and predisposing factors of Helicobacter pylori among gastroduodenal ulcer disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 174 patients with symptoms of gastroduodenal ulcer disease was purposively obtained. Using two laboratory test methods, the prevalence of H. pylori among these patients was determined. A structured questionnaire was administered to participants to establish their demographic background and selected aspects of their lifestyle. Finally, the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic rapid test (IRT) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We established the prevalence of H. pylori as 29.9% (52/174) by ELISA and 37.4% (65/174) by IRT. Cigarette smoking, poor sanitation, and lack of formal education were the significant predisposing factors with p-values <0.05. The two tests gave identical results in 87.9% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of H. pylori by IRT and ELISA test methods was similar to what has been reported elsewhere in developed countries; but was lower than previously reported in developing countries including Uganda. The previous studies in Uganda were carried out in the urban population and on young children; and some used antibody-detection methods only, therefore leading to different prevalence as a result of difference in study population and methods.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.|School of Allied Health Sciences, International Health Sciences University, Kampala, Uganda.|Department of Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences), Kisubi Brothers University College, Entebbe, Uganda; tsongolawrence@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tsongo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakavuma
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosafety, Biosecurity and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mugasa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda.|The GEMTEX Laboratory, Lille 1 University of Science and Technology-ENSAIT, Lille North, France.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamalha
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; chronic gastritis; gastroduodenal ulcer; peptic ulcers; smoking; symptoms