title: Anaesthesia for patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has become a disease of public health importance. Among the various risk factors, smoking remains the main culprit. In addition to airway obstruction, the presence of intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure, respiratory muscle dysfunction contributes to the symptoms of the patient. Perioperative management of these patients includes identification of modifiable risk factors and their optimisation. Use of regional anaesthesia alone or in combination with general anaesthesia improves pulmonary functions and reduces the incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Devika Rani
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Duggappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G Venkateswara
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sudheesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannan
keywords: Anaesthesia; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; management; perioperative