title: Propofol protects against the neurotoxicity of 1‑methyl‑4‑phenylpyridinium.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and muscular rigidity. Treatment with propofol (2,6‑diisopropylphenol) has been observed to attenuate oxidative stress injury via inhibition of programmed cell death. Results from the present study indicate that propofol treatment attenuates 1‑methyl‑4‑phenylpyridinium (MPP+)‑induced oxidative stress, which was demonstrated by increased levels of reactive oxygen species, 4‑hydroxy‑2‑nonenal and protein carbonyls. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that propofol may ameliorate MPP+‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the level of ATP and the mitochondrial membrane potential. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays indicated that propofol treatment reduces cell vulnerability to MPP+‑induced insult. Propofol was also observed to prevent apoptotic signals by reducing the ratio of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein to B‑cell lymphoma 2, reducing the expression level of cleaved caspase‑3 and attenuating cytochrome c release. Thus, propofol may present as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shoushi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cuibo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ketao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jishun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haichen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D045304:Cytochromes c; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053148:Caspase 3; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D015742:Propofol