title: 2-Indolinone a versatile scaffold for treatment of cancer: a patent review (2008-2014).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  2-Indolinone is a well-known aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. A lot of work has been done on this bicyclic structure by academic and company researchers to synthesize compounds directed to a plethora of molecular targets in order to discover new drug leads. This review presents up-to-date information in the field of cancer therapy research based on this small building block.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present review gives an account of the recent patent literature (2008-2014) describing the discovery of 2-indolinone derivatives with selected therapeutic activities. In this period, a large amount of patents were published on this topic. We have limited the analysis to 37 patents on 2-indolinone derivatives having potential clinical application as chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, the therapeutic applications of 2-indolinone derivatives for the treatment of cancer reported in international patents have been discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2-Indolinone is the scaffold of the compounds considered from a medicinal chemistry perspective. Many of them have been developed and marketed for therapeutic use. In cancer chemotherapy, progress has been made in designing selective 2-indolinone derivatives. Some of them show preclinical efficacy. However, 2-indolinone has not exhausted all of its potential in the development of new compounds for clinical applications and remains a great tool for future research.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morigi
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rambaldi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000078183:Oxindoles; D010330:Patents as Topic
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D000078183:Oxindoles; C022960:2-oxindole
keywords: 2-indolinone; Inhibitor; histone deacetylase; mouse double minute 2; oxindole; polo-like kinase; tyrosine kinase inhibitors