title: Narcissistic vulnerability is a common cause for depression in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess for the first time different dimensions of narcissistic self-regulation in a large cohort of adult patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) (n=50). From preliminary studies it is suggested that narcissistic personality trait and disorder, respectively, are relatively uncommon and occur in only 6-10% of GTS patients. In this study we used the Narcissism Inventory (NI), a 163-items questionnaire that measures four different dimensions of narcissism. The main result was that the prevalence of narcissism strongly depends on the subtype of narcissism: while the vulnerable narcissism ("threatened self" and "hypochondriac self") was common, the "classic narcissistic self" (grandiose narcissism) was rare. From our data an association between comorbid depression and increased values of the "threatened self" and comorbid OCD with increased values of the "hypochondriac self" is suggested. Narcissism correlated positively with the personality domain neuroticism and had a significantly negative impact on patients' quality of life. Therefore it can be speculated that vulnerable narcissism is - among several others - one cause for depression in patients with GTS. These findings may open new psychotherapeutic perspectives in the treatment of depression in patients with GTS.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: Morounke O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Trillini
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School, Germany. Electronic address: mueller-vahl.kirsten@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Kirsten R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Müller-Vahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009289:Narcissism; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; Narcissism; OCD; Personality disorder; Personality trait; Quality of life