title: An update on integrase inhibitors: new opportunities for a personalized therapy? The NEXTaim Project.
abstract: Thanks to the development of antiretroviral agents to control HIV replication, HIV infection has turned from a fatal disease into a treatable chronic infection. The present work collects the opinions of several experts on the efficacy and safety of recently approved second generation of integrase inhibitors and, in particular, on the role of this new class of drugs in antiretroviral therapy. The availability of new therapeutic options represents an opportunity to ameliorate the efficacy of cART in controlling HIV replication also within viral reservoirs. The personalization of the treatment driven mainly by the management of comorbidities, HIV-HCV co-infections and aging, will be easier with antiretroviral drugs without drug-drug interactions and with a better toxicity and tolerability profile. Future assessment of economic impact for the introduction of new innovative drugs in the field of antiretroviral therapy will likely need some degree of adjustment of the evaluation criteria of costs and benefit which are currently based almost exclusively on morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoni
authors.affiliation: Nadir Onlus, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcotullio
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" - IRCCS, AIDS Reference Centre and Emerging Infections Unit, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puro
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" - IRCCS, AIDS Reference Centre and Emerging Infections Unit, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Carli
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital IRCSS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tambussi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital IRCSS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozza
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, "San Gerardo" Hospital, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, DIBIC Luigi Sacco, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCSS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Federico
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Perno
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, S Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Arminio Monforte
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, AO Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggiolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital IRCSS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, University Infectious Diseases Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, DIBIC Luigi Sacco, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacomelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious Disease Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borderi
authors.affiliation: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calcagno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Perri
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonora
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mussini
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Clinic, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Biagio
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, AO Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zuccaro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cinque
authors.affiliation: CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, Carlo Cattaneo - LIUC University, Castellanza (VA), Italy.|Italian School of Public Health, Faculty of health science.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.affiliation: CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, Carlo Cattaneo - LIUC University, Castellanza (VA), Italy.|Italian School of Public Health, Faculty of health science.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Restelli
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, DIBIC Luigi Sacco, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzardini
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D019429:Integrase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D019429:Integrase Inhibitors
keywords: HAART; HIV; Integrase Inhibitors; PEP; PrEP