title: Neonatal preintubation sedation: a national survey in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a shift of practice towards administering sedation in neonates around the world. At the present moment, there is no available data or literature on the practice of sedation before intubation of neonates in Malaysia thus, evaluation of these practice was not possible. This study was conducted to evaluate neonatal preintubation sedation practice and the availability of neonatal preintubation sedation policy in government, university and private Malaysian Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) in 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 43 NICUs in Malaysia were identified and approached to participate in the study. Phone interviews with doctors' in-charge of NICUs were conducted in 29 governments, 3 universities and in 7 private NICUs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 7 NICUs had written policy on neonatal preintubation sedation use. Seventy-seven percent and 97.4 % of NICUs used sedation during emergency intubation and during planned intubation respectively. Sixty seven percent used either morphine or midazolam with no preference of either drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a significant proportion of NICUs used sedation during emergency or planned intubation. However, the majority does not write policy on neonatal preintubation sedation use (82.1 %). The types and drug administration methods are not standardized in all of the NICUs. This will require a standard national written policy to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department and Clinical Research Centre Perak, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Jalan Hospital, 30990, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. amarhss@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amar-Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hss
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre Perak, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Jalan Hospital, 30990, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. sharonlojikip.crc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linus-Lojikip
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. jimy05_frh@yahoo.com.my.
authors.forename: Zarena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. nhaz1976@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nurul-Huda
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ishahar
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Nurika_i@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Siti-Suhaila
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yusof
mesh_terms: D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008296:Malaysia; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D007649:Ketamine; D009020:Morphine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl