title: Simultaneous Acquired Self-limited Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Kikuchi Necrotizing Lymphadenitis in a 16-Year-Old Teenage Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to increase education and awareness among pediatric practitioners of possibility of simultaneous hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease/Kikuchi disease occurring in the pediatric population and the diagnostic dilemma it can present. We describe a case presentation of acquired and self-limited simultaneous hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in a 16-year-old in the United States who presented with fevers, night sweats, and joint pain, along with tiredness and decreased appetite along with pancytopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. To the best of our knowledge, simultaneous hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto in the pediatric population has not been described in North America but remains fairly common in Asia. The literature on both diseases and their simultaneous occurrence is comprehensively reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case report and review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was diagnosed with both hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease based on bone marrow aspiration/biopsy and axillary node biopsy, respectively. Both illnesses resolved completely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign causes of pancytopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase exist, but they may not be always straightforward diagnostically. Bone marrow aspiration and lymph node biopsy may be helpful in ascertaining the diagnosis. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease may represent a continuum of illness.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, †Department of Pathology, ‡Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and §Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Badizadegan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sokol
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escoto
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ten
authors.forename: Shayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Adalberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D020042:Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods