title: Peak Vertical Force and Vertical Impulse in Dogs With Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Meniscal Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease with or without concurrent meniscal injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned dogs with naturally occurring CCL disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs with hind limb lameness because of CCL disease that required surgery underwent force plate gait analysis. Force plate analysis was performed at a walking gait (speed 1-1.3 m/s; acceleration ± 0.5 m/s(2)) and data were analyzed using commercial proprietary software. Meniscal injury was diagnosed either by mini-arthrotomy or arthroscopy. The primary outcome was PVF and the secondary outcome was VI. Comparisons were made between dogs with or without meniscal injury, and dogs with partial or complete CCL rupture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty dogs were included. Meniscal injury was present in 18/40 dogs (45%). PVF (P = .003) and VI (P = .01) were significantly lower in dogs with meniscal injury than in dogs without meniscal injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dogs with CCL disease and medial meniscal injury had significantly reduced PVF and VI.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Brandan G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Wustefeld-Janssens
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.affiliation: Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cowderoy
authors.affiliation: CVS Vets, ChesterGates Referral Hospital, Units E&F Telford Court, Chestergates Road, Chester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Myles B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.|Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eithne J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Comerford
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.|Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Maddox
authors.affiliation: CVS Vets, ChesterGates Referral Hospital, Units E&F Telford Court, Chestergates Road, Chester, United Kingdom.|Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Innes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005205:Fascia; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000662:veterinary*; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries