title: Effect of chemical stress and ultraviolet radiation in the bacterial communities of zebrafish embryos.
abstract: This study aimed to assess the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and chemical stress (triclosan-TCS; potassium dichromate-PD; prochloraz-PCZ) on bacterial communities of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (ZEBC). Embryos were exposed to two UVR intensities and two chemical concentrations not causing mortality or any developmental effect (equivalent to the No-Observed-Effect Concentration-NOEC; NOEC diluted by 10-NOEC/10). Effects on ZEBC were evaluated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and interpreted considering structure, richness and diversity. ZEBC were affected by both stressors even at concentrations/doses not affecting the host-organism (survival/development). Yet, some stress-tolerant bacterial groups were revealed. The structure of the ZEBC was always affected, mainly due to xenobiotic presence. Richness and diversity decreased after exposure to NOEC of PD. Interactive effects occurred for TCS and UVR. Aquatic microbiota imbalance might have repercussions for the host/aquatic system, particularly in a realistic scenario/climate change perspective therefore, future ecotoxicological models should consider xenobiotics interactions with UVR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: jacintaoliveira@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Jacinta M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: rita.almeida@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: trpimentel@live.ua.pt.
authors.forename: Tânia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: thayres@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thayres S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: jfhenriques@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: asoares@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Amadeu M V M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: sloureiro@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: gomesncm@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Newton C M
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: inesd@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Domingues
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D057231:Climate Change; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000382:microbiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan
keywords: Chemical stress; DGGE; Danio rerio embryos; Microbiota; Ultraviolet radiation