title: Effects of Scaling and Root Planing on Gingival Status during Menstrual Cycle- A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variations in sex steroid hormones, noticeable through the menstrual cycle of women, may impact periodontal health. A relationship between female sex hormone levels and periodontal changes during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause has been reported. Little research on gingival status at different periods of menstrual cycle, but very less work has been done to observe the effect of scaling on gingival status during different periods of menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty female subjects, aged 18-25 years were selected for a three month study. In Stage 1, clinical parameters {Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Modified Sulcular Bleeding Index (mSBI) and Probing depth (PD)} were recorded at three different time intervals {OV (Ovulation), PM (Premenstruation), M (Menstruation)} of their menstrual cycle, without scaling and polishing. In Stage 2, all clinical parameters were recorded at their subsequent menstrual cycle after scaling and polishing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In interstage analysis, OV 1 > OV 2, PM 1 > PM 2 and M 1> M 2. In intrastage analysis, for PI, mean difference between all values was not statistically significant. For mSBI, PM 1 > OV 1 > M 1, also PM 2 > OV 2 > M 2. For GI, PM 1 > OV 1 > M 1, also PM 2 > OV 2 > M 2. For PD, mean difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ovarian hormones influence gingival status of females, with an increase observed primarily during PM and OV phases of menstrual cycle. Scaling leads to a subsequent decrease in gingival inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Swami Devi Dayal Hospital and Dental College , Barwala, Panchkula, India .
authors.forename: Shivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontology, Swami Devi Dayal Hospital and Dental College , Barwala, India .
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khuller
authors.affiliation: Principal and Head, Department of Periodontology, Swami Devi Dayal Hospital and Dental College , Barwala, India .
authors.forename: Yash Paul
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Dev
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontology, Swami Devi Dayal Hospital and Dental College , Barwala, India .
authors.forename: Preetinder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences & Research , Modinagar (U.P.), India .
authors.forename: Patthi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Basavaraj
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.M. College of Dental Sciences and Research , Mullana, Ambala, India .
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gera
keywords: Gingivitis; Gynaecology; Sex hormones; Women’s health