title: Validity and Reliability of the Dutch Version of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12NL) in Patients With Disorders of the Hip.
abstract: METHODS
  Clinical measurement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate and culturally adapt the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) into Dutch and to determine its validity and reliability.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The iHOT-12 for measuring health-related quality of life and physical functioning in younger, active patients with hip pathology is available in English and Swedish. The tool is scored on a 0-to-100-point scale, with higher scores reflecting better function. A Dutch version of the questionnaire, with demonstrated high validity and reliability, is needed for both clinical and research purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The iHOT-12 was translated and culturally adapted from English into Dutch (iHOT-12NL). Subsequently, the iHOT-12NL, RAND 36-Item Health Survey, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and Tegner activity scale were completed by 117 patients with hip pathologies. Structural validity was analyzed using exploratory principal-component factor analysis. To determine construct validity, 12 hypotheses were predefined regarding relationships between the iHOT-12NL and subscales of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Tegner activity scale. To determine test-retest reliability, 61 patients completed the iHOT-12NL on a second occasion within a 2-week period. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach alpha, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to assess reliability. Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to assess bias between test and retest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis revealed that the iHOT-12NL has 1 component. Construct validity was good, as 83% of the hypotheses were confirmed. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach alpha of .96. The ICC was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.96), demonstrating good test-retest reliability. The SEM was 7.3 points. Individual- and group-level MDC values were 20.2 and 2.6 points, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed an absence of bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The iHOT-12NL is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring physical functioning and health-related quality of life in younger, physically active patients with hip pathology.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van den Akker-Scheek
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: ten Have
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adema
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giezen
authors.forename: Inge H F
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Reininga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006306:Health Surveys; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: clinimetrics; function; outcome measures