title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild traumatic brain injury in mice: Potential implications for post-traumatic headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote headache, and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive head trauma and blast mouse models of mTBI. The effects of sumatriptan and the MC stabilizer cromolyn sodium on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concussive head injury evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast trauma gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither sumatriptan nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mTBI evoked by closed head injury or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI patients may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by sumatriptan may not involve inhibition of dural MC degranulation. If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA Harvard Medical School, USA dlevy1@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Shahaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edut
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Renana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baraz-Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Vardit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rubovitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Defrin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: Dara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bree
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: Helaine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gariepy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Chaim G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D051298:Post-Traumatic Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Minimal traumatic brain injury; blast; concussion; dura; mast cell; mouse; posttraumatic headache