title: Evaluation of AllergiSense Smartphone Tools for Adrenaline Injection Training.
abstract: Anaphylaxis is an increasingly prevalent life-threatening allergic condition that requires people with anaphylaxis and their caregivers to be trained in the avoidance of allergen triggers and in the administration of adrenaline autoinjectors. The prompt and correct administration of autoinjectors in the event of an anaphylactic reaction is a significant challenge in the management of anaphylaxis. Unfortunately, many people do not know how to use autoinjectors and either fail to use them or fail to use them correctly. This is due in part to deficiencies in training and also to the lack of a system encouraging continuous practice with feedback. Assistive smartphone healthcare technologies have demonstrated potential to support the management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but there have been deficiencies in their evaluation and there has been a lack of application to anaphylaxis. This paper describes AllergiSense, a smartphone app and sensing system for anaphylaxis management, and presents the results of a randomized, controlled, prepost evaluation of AllergiSense injection training and feedback tools with healthy participants. Participants whose training was supplemented with AllergiSense injection feedback achieved significantly better practiced injections with 90.5% performing correct injections compared to only 28.6% in the paper-only control group. In addition, the results provide insights into possible self-efficacy failings in traditional training and the benefits of embedding self-efficacy theory into the technology design process.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Luis U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Munoz
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Sandra I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Woolley
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luyt
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stiefel
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K.
authors.forename: Kerrie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.affiliation: Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makwana
authors.affiliation: Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Cathryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melchior
authors.affiliation: Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, U.K.
authors.forename: Tom C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K.
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diwakar
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods*; D063731:Mobile Applications; D000068997:Smartphone; D059015:Wireless Technology
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine