title: A Novel Fluorescent Labeling Method Enables Monitoring of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Developing Microsporidia.
abstract: The microsporidium, Anncaliia algerae (Brachiola algerae), is a eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasite first isolated from mosquitoes and is an important opportunistic human pathogen that can cause morbidity and mortality among immune-compromised individuals including patients with AIDS and those undergoing chemotherapy. There is little known about the Microsporidia-host cell interface in living host cells, due to current approaches being limited by the lack of fluorescent reporters for detecting the parasite lifecycle. Here, we have developed and applied novel vital fluorescent parasite labeling methodologies in conjunction with fluorescent protein-tagged reporters to track simultaneously the dynamics of both parasite and host cell specific components, including the secretory and endocytic trafficking pathways, during the entire infection time period. We have found dramatic changes in the dynamics of host secretory trafficking organelles during the course of infection. The Golgi compartment is gradually disassembled and regenerated into mini-Golgi structures in parallel with cellular microtubule depolymerization. Importantly, we find that Microsporidia progeny are associated with these de novo formed mini-Golgi structures. These host structures appear to create a membrane bound niche environment for parasite development. Our studies presented here provide novel imaging tools and methodologies that will facilitate in understanding the biology of microsporidial parasites in the living host.
authors.affiliation: Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102.|Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: Marianita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santiana
authors.affiliation: Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Takvorian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altan-Bonnet
authors.affiliation: Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cali
mesh_terms: D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000469:parasitology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D021861:Microsporidia, Unclassified / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000382:microbiology; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Anncaliia algerae; Arf-1-GFP; DRAQ5; Golgi, HeLa cells; live imaging; microtubules; organelle hijacking