title: Parcellating cortical functional networks in individuals.
abstract: The capacity to identify the unique functional architecture of an individual's brain is a crucial step toward personalized medicine and understanding the neural basis of variation in human cognition and behavior. Here we developed a cortical parcellation approach to accurately map functional organization at the individual level using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A population-based functional atlas and a map of inter-individual variability were employed to guide the iterative search for functional networks in individual subjects. Functional networks mapped by this approach were highly reproducible within subjects and effectively captured the variability across subjects, including individual differences in brain lateralization. The algorithm performed well across different subject populations and data types, including task fMRI data. The approach was then validated by invasive cortical stimulation mapping in surgical patients, suggesting potential for use in clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Danhong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Randy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Daphne J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Avram J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stoecklein
authors.affiliation: Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Langs
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ruiqi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.|Siemens Healthcare, MR Collaboration Nebraska Asia, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tianyi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kuncheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Justin T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stufflebeam
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Hesheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult