title: U-Insertion/Deletion mRNA-Editing Holoenzyme: Definition in Sight.
abstract: RNA editing is a process that alters DNA-encoded sequences and is distinct from splicing, 5' capping, and 3' additions. In 30 years since editing was discovered in mitochondria of trypanosomes, several functionally and evolutionarily unrelated mechanisms have been described in eukaryotes, archaea, and viruses. Editing events are predominantly post-transcriptional and include nucleoside insertions and deletions, and base substitutions and modifications. Here, we review the mechanism of uridine insertion/deletion mRNA editing in kinetoplastid protists typified by Trypanosoma brucei. This type of editing corrects frameshifts, introduces translation punctuation signals, and often adds hundreds of uridines to create protein-coding sequences. We focus on protein complexes responsible for editing reactions and their interactions with other elements of the mitochondrial gene expression pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: innaaf@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aphasizheva
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aphasizhev
mesh_terms: D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020035:Holoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017393:RNA Editing; D016053:RNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D014529:Uridine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020035:Holoenzymes; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D014529:Uridine
keywords: RNA editing; Trypanosoma; guide RNA; mitochondria; polyadenylation; translation