title: C5A Protects Macaques from Vaginal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge.
abstract: A safe and effective vaginal microbicide could decrease human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in women. Here, we evaluated the safety and microbicidal efficacy of a short amphipathic peptide, C5A, in a rhesus macaque model. We found that a vaginal application of C5A protects 89% of the macaques from a simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-162P3) challenge. We observed no signs of lesions or inflammation in animals vaginally treated with repeated C5A applications. With its noncellular cytotoxic activity and rare mechanism of action, C5A represents an attractive microbicidal candidate.
authors.affiliation: Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Veazey
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Udayan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chatterji
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bobardt
authors.affiliation: Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Kasi E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Russell-Lodrigue
authors.affiliation: Tulane University School of School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA gallay@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gallay
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010455:Peptides; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma