title: Testicular acid phosphatase induces odontoblast differentiation and mineralization.
abstract: Odontoblasts differentiate from dental mesenchyme during dentin formation and mineralization. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling odontoblast differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that expression of testicular acid phosphatase (ACPT) is restricted in the early stage of odontoblast differentiation in proliferating dental mesenchymal cells and secretory odontoblasts. ACPT is expressed earlier than tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and partly overlaps with TNAP in differentiating odontoblasts. In MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells, expression of ACPT appears simultaneously with a decrease in β-catenin activity and is abolished with the expression of Phex and Dsp. Knockdown of ACPT in MDPC-23 cells stimulates cell proliferation together with an increase in active β-catenin and cyclin D1. In contrast, the overexpression of ACPT suppresses cell proliferation with a decrease in active β-catenin and cyclin D1. Expression of TNAP, Osx, Phex and Dsp is reduced by knockdown of ACPT but is enhanced by ACPT overexpression. When ACPT is blocked with IgG, alkaline phosphatase activity is inhibited but cell proliferation is unchanged regardless of ACPT expression. These findings suggest that ACPT inhibits cell proliferation through β-catenin-mediated signaling in dental mesenchyme but elicits odontoblast differentiation and mineralization by supplying phosphate during dentin formation. Thus, ACPT might be a novel candidate for inducing odontoblast differentiation and mineralization for dentin regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hwajung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tak-Heun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chi-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768, South Korea. pedoman@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jung-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea. oasis@jbnu.ac.kr.|Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea. oasis@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eui-Sic
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000135:Acid Phosphatase
keywords: ACPT; Differentiation; Localization; Odontoblasts; Proliferation