title: Filling the void: allogeneic myeloid cells for transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The success of allogeneic haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantations remains inconsistent. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising source of HSPCs for transplantation, but low cell yield hampers its widespread use. Multiple strategies are being developed to manipulate UCB to either increase HSPC content or enhance bone marrow homing upon transfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several ex-vivo manipulation protocols have increased engraftment success in recent phase I/II clinical trials. Additionally, by exploiting knowledge of the transcriptome, mature cells were dedifferentiated into induced haematopoietic stem cells capable of self-renewal and reconstitution of haematopoiesis in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UCB is a more readily available source of allogeneic transplant material compared with bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood. However, the number of HSPCs in a graft is correlated to the rate and success of engraftment and UCB grafts typically contain 10 times less cells compared with bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood grafts that contain around 1 × 10⁸ CD34⁺ cells. Recently, research efforts have focused on increasing UCB engrafting cells in addition to the methods to accelerate engraftment or to provide transient protection and support until engraftment succeeds.
authors.affiliation: aAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland bMater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia *Jessica L. Schwaber and Marion E. Brunck contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schwaber
authors.forename: Marion E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Brunck
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lévesque
authors.forename: Lars K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D006085:Graft Survival; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome