title: Prevalence and Serogroup Diversity of Salmonella for Broiler Neck Skin, Whole Carcass Rinse, and Whole Carcass Enrichment Sampling Methodologies following Air or Immersion Chilling.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate neck skin (NS), whole carcass rinse (WCR), and whole carcass enrichment (WCE) sampling procedures for Salmonella isolation and serogroup identification from the same broiler chicken carcass treated with air or immersion chilling. Commercially processed and eviscerated broiler carcasses were collected from a commercial processing plant, individually bagged, and transported to the pilot processing plant. In experiment 1, carcasses were air chilled to 4°C. In experiment 2, carcasses were immersion chilled with or without chlorine. After air chilling, Salmonella was detected on 78% of NS and 89% of WCE samples. Only one Salmonella serogroup was detected from each of 13 Salmonella-positive NS samples, and two serogroups were detected on 1 Salmonella-positive NS sample. Only one Salmonella serogroup was detected from each of 13 Salmonella-positive WCE samples, and two serogroups were detected from 3 Salmonella-positive WCE samples. After immersion chilling without chlorine, Salmonella was detected on 38% of NS, 45% of WCR, and 100% of WCE samples. Without chlorine, the 15 Salmonella-positive NS samples included 14 samples with one serogroup and 1 sample with two serogroups. Only one Salmonella serogroup was detected from WCR samples after immersion chilling. Of 40 Salmonella-positive WCE samples, 23 had a one, 14 had two, and 3 had three Salmonella serogroups. After immersion chilling with chlorine, Salmonella was detected on 35% of NS, 0% of WCR, and 90% of WCE samples. With chlorine, the 14 Salmonella-positive NS samples included 11 samples with one serogroup and 3 samples with two serogroups. No Salmonella serogroups were detected from WCR samples after immersion chilling with 20 mg/liter free chlorine. The 36 Salmonella-positive WCE samples included 21 samples with one serogroup and 15 samples with two serogroups. NS and WCE sampling methodologies yielded similar prevalence and serogroup diversity after air chilling. However, after immersion chilling with or without chlorine, WCE sampling yielded significantly higher (α ≤ 0.05) prevalence and serogroup diversity than either NS or WCR sampling methodologies.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-2702, USA. dianna.bourassa@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bourassa
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-2702, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-2702, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cason
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-2702, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-2702, USA.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rigsby
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605-2702, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buhr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D009333:Neck / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D065288:Serogroup; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*