title: Disorder-specific and shared neurophysiological impairments of attention and inhibition in women with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and women with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adults, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have certain overlapping symptoms, which can lead to uncertainty regarding the boundaries of the two disorders. Despite evidence of cognitive impairments in both disorders separately, such as in attentional and inhibitory processes, data on direct comparisons across ADHD and BD on cognitive-neurophysiological measures are as yet limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We directly compared cognitive performance and event-related potential measures from a cued continuous performance test in 20 women with ADHD, 20 women with BD (currently euthymic) and 20 control women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NoGo-N2 was attenuated in women with BD, reflecting reduced conflict monitoring, compared with women with ADHD and controls (both p < 0.05). Both ADHD and BD groups showed a reduced NoGo-P3, reflecting inhibitory control, compared with controls (both p < 0.05). In addition, the contingent negative variation was significantly reduced in the ADHD group (p = 0.05), with a trend in the BD group (p = 0.07), compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate potential disorder-specific (conflict monitoring) and overlapping (inhibitory control, and potentially response preparation) neurophysiological impairments in women with ADHD and women with BD. The identified neurophysiological parameters further our understanding of neurophysiological impairments in women with ADHD and BD, and are candidate biomarkers that may aid in the identification of the diagnostic boundaries of the two disorders.
authors.affiliation: King's College London,MRC Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michelini
authors.affiliation: King's College London,MRC Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kitsune
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology,Goldsmiths,University of London,London,UK.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hosang
authors.affiliation: King's College London,MRC Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
authors.affiliation: King's College London,MRC Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McLoughlin
authors.affiliation: King's College London,MRC Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuntsi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; bipolar disorder; conflict monitoring; event-related potentials; inhibitory control