title: Java project on periodontal diseases: effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids supplementation on periodontal pathogens, CRP and HbA1c.
abstract: To assess in a periodontally diseased rural population deprived from regular dental care and having poor dietary conditions, the effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids (VitC/Ca/Fl) supplementation on subgingival microbiota and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP.
  
  
  
  The study population consisted of 98 subjects who previously participated in a prospective study on the natural history of periodontitis. Participants were instructed to consume one tablet/day containing 200 mg Ester C(®) calcium ascorbate, 25 mg calcium threonate and 100 mg citrus flavonoids for 90 days. Following parameters were evaluated: prevalence/amount of seven traditional periodontal pathogens, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP.
  
  
  
  After VitC/Ca/Fl supplementation, 100% of subjects showed normal plasma vitamin C values compared to 55% before. At baseline, 48% of subjects harboured Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, >97% the other periodontal pathogens and 73% EBV. Supplementation with VitC/Ca/F reduced the subgingival load of all studied bacteria (p-values: 0.014-0.0001) and EBV (p < 0.0001) substantially in all initially positive subjects. Plasma levels of HbA1c and hsCRP dropped in all subjects (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  
  This uncontrolled study suggested that supplemental VitC/Ca/Fl may be helpful in reducing subgingival numbers of periodontal pathogens and EBV, and promoting systemic health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Padjadjaran State University, Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Amaliya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amaliya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marja L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bruno G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ubele
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Van der Velden
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002087:Butyrates; D002957:Citrus; D005419:Flavonoids; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D010510:Periodontal Diseases; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002087:Butyrates; D005419:Flavonoids; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C011369:threonic acid
keywords: CRP; HbA1c; periodontal pathogens; periodontitis; viruses; vitamin C absorption; vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus/flavonoids supplementation