title: Prevalence and clinical characteristics of degenerative mitral stenosis.
abstract: Degenerative mitral stenosis (DMS) is found in the elderly population. However, there are a few reports regarding the prevalence rate of DMS and, its clinical characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between age, gender, and the prevalence rate of DMS.
  
  
  
  Patients with DMS and rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) were searched retrospectively in consecutive patients who underwent echocardiography from January 2011 to December 2013 in a community hospital. DMS was defined as presence of both turbulent antegrade flow with a mean transmitral pressure gradient (PG) of ≥2mmHg and mitral annular calcification without restriction of leaflets tip motion.
  
  
  
  We identified 19 patients (17 female and 2 male) with DMS (0.22%) and 19 patients with RMS in 8683 patients. The prevalence rate of DMS significantly increased with aging, especially in patients >90 years old. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of RMS among the age groups. Patients with DMS were older (86±8 years vs. 73±10 years, p<0.01) and had higher rates of hypertension and aortic stenosis, larger left ventricular mass index, and mean PG of aortic valve, smaller aortic valve area, less degree of left atrial dilatation, and lower rate of atrial fibrillation, compared with those values in patients with RMS.
  
  
  
  DMS is rare (0.22%) and almost exclusively found in females in routine echocardiography. The prevalence of DMS increases with aging to 2.5% in patients >90 years of age, and DMS is often associated with aortic valve stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ukita
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: yuda@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugio
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda-Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kushiro Kojinkai Memorial Hospital, Kushiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka-Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Degenerative; Echocardiography; Mitral annular calcification; Mitral stenosis