title: Expanding availability of safe abortion services through private sector accreditation: a case study of the Yukti Yojana program in Bihar, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recognizing the need to increase access to safe abortion services to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity, the state government of Bihar, India introduced an innovative mechanism of accrediting private health care facilities. The program, Yukti Yojana ('a scheme for solution'), accredits eligible health facilities and supports them in providing abortion-related services free of charge to rural and low-income urban women. This paper describes implementation of Yukti Yojana.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive analysis of abortion services provided under the Yukti Yojana program was conducted using four data sources: 1) assessment of accredited facilities over 6 months; 2) induced and incomplete abortion service registers; 3) client exit interviews and associated direct observation of client-provider interaction for a sample of accredited facilities; and 4) in-depth interviews with providers and key stakeholders responsible for providing or influencing abortion services. These analyses assessed characteristics of women receiving abortion services, quality of care and client satisfaction, and barriers and facilitating factors of a successful accreditation process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine private facilities were accredited during the first two years of the program, and 84 % had begun providing abortion services, in all 27,724 women were served. Overall, 53 % of beneficiaries reported holding a "Below Poverty Line" card, while 71 % had low living standard. The majority of women (n = 569) reported satisfaction (90 %) with their care, while 68 % perceived good quality of services. Having a government-led initiative was considered a key element of success, while stringent requirements for site approval, long waiting time for accreditation, complicated and delayed reimbursement process and low reimbursement fees for abortion services were identified as barriers to implementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yukti Yojana provides a model for successfully involving private OB/GYNs and general physicians to deliver safe abortion services to poor women on a large scale and offers additional evidence that public-private partnerships can be used to ensure availability of high-quality maternal health services to women in low-income countries. Private facility accreditation also offers a promising solution to the limited availability of safe abortion services in low resource settings such as Bihar, India.
authors.affiliation: Ipas Development Foundation, E-63 Vasant Marg, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110 057, India. banerjees@ipas.org.
authors.forename: Sushanta Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Ipas, 300 Market St., Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA. andersenk@ipas.org.
authors.forename: Kathryn Louise
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Ipas Development Foundation, E-63 Vasant Marg, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110 057, India. navind@ipas.org.
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navin
authors.affiliation: Ipas Development Foundation, E-63 Vasant Marg, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, 110 057, India. mathiasg@ipas.org.
authors.forename: Garima
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mathias
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000592:standards; D000068:Accreditation; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000592:standards*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D017149:Private Sector; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care