title: The coastal ocean response to the global warming acceleration and hiatus.
abstract: Coastlines are fundamental to humans for habitation, commerce, and natural resources. Many coastal ecosystem disasters, caused by extreme sea surface temperature (SST), were reported when the global climate shifted from global warming to global surface warming hiatus after 1998. The task of understanding the coastal SST variations within the global context is an urgent matter. Our study on the global coastal SST from 1982 to 2013 revealed a significant cooling trend in the low and mid latitudes (31.4% of the global coastlines) after 1998, while 17.9% of the global coastlines changed from a cooling trend to a warming trend concurrently. The trend reversals in the Northern Pacific and Atlantic coincided with the phase shift of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation, respectively. These coastal SST changes are larger than the changes of the global mean and open ocean, resulting in a fast increase of extremely hot/cold days, and thus extremely hot/cold events. Meanwhile, a continuous increase of SST was detected for a considerable portion of coastlines (46.7%) with a strengthened warming along the coastlines in the high northern latitudes. This suggests the warming still continued and strengthened in some regions after 1998, but with a weaker pattern in the low and mid latitudes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.|Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.|Joint Institute for Coastal Research and Management, University of Delaware/Xiamen University, USA/China.
authors.forename: Enhui
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.|Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.|Joint Institute for Coastal Research and Management, University of Delaware/Xiamen University, USA/China.
authors.forename: Wenfang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.|Joint Institute for Coastal Research and Management, University of Delaware/Xiamen University, USA/China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.|Joint Institute for Coastal Research and Management, University of Delaware/Xiamen University, USA/China.
authors.forename: Yuwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Center for Remote Sensing, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Autumn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kidwell