title: Invasive Testing for Coronary Artery Disease: FFR, IVUS, OCT, NIRS.
abstract: Coronary angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and guides revascularization strategies. The emergence of new diagnostic modalities has provided clinicians with adjunctive physiologic and image-based data to help formulate treatment strategies. Fractional flow reserve can predict whether percutaneous intervention will benefit a patient. Intravascular ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography are intracoronary imaging modalities that facilitate the anatomic visualization of the vessel lumen and characterize plaques. Near-infrared spectroscopy can characterize plaque composition and potentially provide valuable prognostic information. This article reviews the indications, basic technology, and supporting clinical studies for these modalities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868-3298, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA.
authors.forename: Elliott M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868-3298, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, 5901 East Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA. Electronic address: aseto@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Arnold H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 400, Orange, CA 92868-3298, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, 5901 East Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
authors.forename: Morton J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kern
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Fractional flow reserve; Intravascular ultrasonography; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Optical coherence tomography