title: Optimization, physicochemical characterization and in vivo assessment of spray dried emulsion: A step toward bioavailability augmentation and gastric toxicity minimization.
abstract: The limited solubility of BCS class II drugs diminishes their dissolution and thus reduces their bioavailability. Our aim in this study was to develop and optimize a spray dried emulsion containing indomethacin as a model for Class II drugs, Labrasol®/Transuctol® mixture as the oily phase, and maltodextrin as a solid carrier. The optimization was carried out using a 2(3) full factorial design based on two independent variables, the percentage of carrier and concentration of Poloxamer® 188. The effect of the studied parameters on the spray dried yield, loading efficiency and in vitro release were thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, physicochemical characterization of the optimized formulation was performed. In vivo bioavailability, ulcerogenic capability and histopathological features were assessed. The results obtained pointed out that poloxamer 188 concentration in the formulation was the predominant factor affecting the dissolution release, whereas the drug loading was driven by the carrier concentration added. Moreover, the yield demonstrated a drawback by increasing both independent variables studied. The optimized formulation presented a complete release within two minutes thus suggesting an immediate release pattern as well, the formulation revealed to be uniform spherical particles with an average size of 7.5μm entrapping the drug in its molecular state as demonstrated by the DSC and FTIR studies. The in vivo evaluation, demonstrated a 10-fold enhancement in bioavailability of the optimized formulation, with absence of ulcerogenic side effect compared to the marketed product. The results provided an evidence for the significance of spray dried emulsion as a leading strategy for improving the solubility and enhancing the bioavailability of class II drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: dr_mehanna@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mehanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jana K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Alwattar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hoda A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Elmaradny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005989:Glycerides; C440220:Labrasol; D020442:Poloxamer; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Bioavailability; Class II; Dissolution; Dry emulsion; Factorial design; Spray drying