title: Benthic Trophic Interactions in an Antarctic Shallow Water Ecosystem Affected by Recent Glacier Retreat.
abstract: The western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing strong environmental changes as a consequence of ongoing regional warming. Glaciers in the area are retreating rapidly and increased sediment-laden meltwater runoff threatens the benthic biodiversity at shallow depths. We identified three sites with a distinct glacier-retreat related history and different levels of glacial influence in the inner part of Potter Cove (King George Island, South Shetland Islands), a fjord-like embayment impacted since the 1950s by a tidewater glacier retreat. We compared the soft sediment meio- and macrofauna isotopic niche widths (δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis) at the three sites to investigate possible glacier retreat-related influences on benthic trophic interactions. The isotopic niches were locally shaped by the different degrees of glacier retreat-related disturbance within the Cove. Wider isotopic niche widths were found at the site that has become ice-free most recently, and narrower niches at the older ice-free sites. At an intermediate state of glacier retreat-related disturbance (e.g. via ice-growler scouring) species with different strategies could settle. The site at the earliest stage of post-retreat development was characterized by an assemblage with lower trophic redundancy. Generally, the isotopic niche widths increased with increasing size spectra of organisms within the community, excepting the youngest assemblage, where the pioneer colonizer meiofauna size class displayed the highest isotopic niche width. Meiofauna at all sites generally occupied positions in the isotopic space that suggested a detrital-pool food source and/or the presence of predatory taxa. In general ice scour and glacial impact appeared to play a two-fold role within the Cove: i) either stimulating trophic diversity by allowing continuous re-colonization of meiofaunal species or, ii) over time driving the benthic assemblages into a more compact trophic structure with increased connectedness and resource recycling.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Laboratory, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasotti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences, National University of General Sarmiento, Juan María Gutierrez 1150, C.P.1613, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Leonardo Ariel
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Saravia
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Laboratory, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Troch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Diversity and Ecology, CONICET, Fac.Cs. E.F. y Nat. National University of Cordoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maria Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tarantelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Diversity and Ecology, CONICET, Fac.Cs. E.F. y Nat. National University of Cordoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahade
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Laboratory, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanreusel
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D033342:Copepoda / Q000502:physiology; D003445:Crustacea / Q000502:physiology; D017753:Ecosystem; D063366:Estuaries; D020387:Food Chain; D005843:Geography; D046448:Ice Cover; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012623:Seawater; D012624:Seaweed / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes