title: Three-dimensional and four-dimensional HDlive-rendered images of thanatophoric dysplasia.
abstract: We present herein our first experience with a case of thanatophoric dysplasia (type I) that was diagnosed during the second trimester using three- and four-dimensional HDlive ultrasonography. The HDlive rendering mode clearly showed the anatomical features of thanatophoric dysplasia: external malformations and skeletal abnormalities, including extremely short limbs, flattened vertebral bodies, and short horizontal ribs, among others. HDlive can provide valuable, highly realistic images for the differential diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia. It may also play an important complementary role when conventional two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography does not provide sufficient definition.
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan. reduzierung@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Inubashiri
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Katumaru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akutagawa
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Toho Hospital, Kita 17, Higashi 15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 / Q000172:deficiency*; D013796:Thanatophoric Dysplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3
keywords: HDlive ultrasonography; Short limbs; Skeletal dysplasia; Thanatophoric dysplasia