title: Anthropometric measurements and periodontal diseases in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and periodontal status in children and adolescents. We searched PubMed, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and 7 additional databases, following the guidance of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, up to December 2014. Observational studies reporting data on the association between anthropometric measurements and periodontal diseases in 2-18-y-old participants were included. An initial search identified 4191 papers; 278 potentially effective studies (k = 0.82) and 16 effective studies (k = 0.83) were included after screening. The mean quality of evidence among the studies was 20.3, according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist (k = 0.79). Meta-analyses showed that obesity (measured by body mass index) was significantly associated with visible plaque index (OR: 4.75; 95% CI: 2.42, 9.34), bleeding on probing (OR: 5.41; 95% CI: 2.75, 10.63), subgingival calculus (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.10, 8.62), probing depth (OR: 14.15; 95% CI: 5.10, 39.25) and flow rate of salivary secretion (standardized mean difference: -0.89; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.61). However, various results were reported in the effective studies that were not included in meta-analyses. In conclusion, obesity is associated with some signs of periodontal disease in children and adolescents. Further studies with a comprehensive prospective cohort design and more potential variables are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and.
authors.forename: Ling-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and wonghmg@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Hai Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and.
authors.forename: Yi Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Periodontology and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Colman P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology
keywords: adolescent; anthropometry; obesity; oral health; systematic review