title: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry to quantify acidic drugs in wastewater.
abstract: A novel analytical approach involving an improved rotating-disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) procedure and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to an ultraspray electrospray ionization source (UESI) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS), in trap mode, was developed to identify and quantify four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (naproxen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac) and two anti-cholesterol drugs (ACDs) (clofibric acid and gemfibrozil) that are widely used and typically found in water samples. The method reduced the amount of both sample and reagents used and also the time required for the whole analysis, resulting in a reliable and green analytical strategy. The analytical eco-scale was calculated, showing that this methodology is an excellent green analysis, increasing its ecological worth. The detection limits (LOD) and precision (%RSD) were lower than 90ng/L and 10%, respectively. Matrix effects and recoveries were studied using samples from the influent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). All the compounds exhibited suppression of their signals due to matrix effects, and the recoveries were approximately 100%. The applicability and reliability of this methodology were confirmed through the analysis of influent and effluent samples from a WWTP in Santiago, Chile, obtaining concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 20.5μg/L and from 0.5 to 8.6μg/L, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, PO Box 233, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: mercedes.becher@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becerra-Herrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, PO Box 233, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, PO Box 233, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: prichter@ciq.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002677:Chile; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anti-cholesterol drugs (ACDs); Matrix effects; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Rotating-disk sorptive extraction (RDSE); UHPLC–UESI–TOF/MS; Wastewater