title: Oral Targeted Therapies and Central Nervous System (CNS) Metastases.
abstract: The purpose of our review is to summarize the clinical activity of oral targeted agents against brain metastases. This includes BRAF inhibitors (dabrafenib and vemurafenib), human epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib), multi-kinase angiogenesis inhibitors (sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and vandetanib), and ALK/c-MET (crizotinib) and ALK/IGF-1 (ceritinib) inhibitors. Effective systemic therapies are needed for long-term benefit in brain metastases and documentation of intracranial activity for many therapies is poor. Our review provides a summary of the literature with pertinent data for clinicians. This is needed as subjects with brain metastases are often prevented from enrolling in clinical trials and investigations focused on systemic therapies for brain metastases are rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gabay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stachnik
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Overley
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bressler
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Neurology, University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, CC447, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA. jlvillano@uky.edu.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Villano
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents