title: Immunosuppressive phenolic compounds from Hydnora abyssinica A. Braun.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hydnora abyssinica (HA) A. Braun is an endemic Sudanese medicinal plant traditionally used as anti-inflammatory and against many infectious diseases. However, it proved to be very rich in phenols and tannins, so the present study was undertaken to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of the whole plant ethanolic extract and its isolated compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocyte proliferation, chemiluminescence and superoxide reduction assays were used for immunomodulatory evaluation. While, MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazonium bromide) test was performed on 3 T3 cell line clone in order to evaluate the cytoxicity effect of the extracts and isolated compounds of phenolic derivatives which were carried out by chromotographic techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catechin, (1), tyrosol (2) and benzoic acid, 3, 4, dihydroxy-, ethyl ester (3) compounds were isolated from HA ethanolic extract which revealed potent immunosuppressive activity against reactive oxygen species from both polymorph nuclear cells (PMNs) (45-90 % inhibition) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) (30 -65 % inhibition), T lymphocyte proliferation assay (70-93 % inhibition) as well as potent inhibitory effect against superoxide production (42-71 % inhibition) at concentrations of 6.25-100 μg/mL. Catechin (1) was found the most potent immunosuppressive agent among all constituents examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results can support the traditional uses of H. abyssinica extracts as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive and further investigations of the mode of action and other pharmacological studies are highly desirable.
authors.affiliation: College of Science and Arts in Ar Rass, University of Qassim, Qassim, KSA, Saudi Arabia. wasyko2002@yahoo.com.|Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan. wasyko2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Waleed S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Koko
authors.affiliation: Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, Khartoum, Sudan.|Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mesaik
authors.affiliation: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjitt
authors.affiliation: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galal
authors.affiliation: Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, Khartoum, Sudan.|H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts