title: Human exposure assessment to a large set of polymer additives through the analysis of urine by solid phase extraction followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Polymer items are extensively present in the human environment. Humans may be consequently exposed to some compounds, such as additives, incorporated in these items. The objective of this work is to assess the human exposure to the main additives such as those authorized in the packaging for pharmaceutical products. The urinary matrix was selected to optimally answer this challenge because it has already been proven that the exposure to chemicals can be revealed by the analysis of this biological matrix. A multi-residue analytical method for the trace analysis at ng/mL in human urine was developed, and consisted of an extraction of analytes from urine by solid phase extraction (SPE) and an analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). Even if the quantification of these compounds was an analytical challenge because of (i) the presence of these substances in the analytical process, (ii) the diversity of their physicochemical properties, and (iii) the complexity of the matrix, the optimized method exhibited quantification limits lower than 25ng/mL and recoveries between 51% and 120% for all compounds. The method was validated and applied to 52 human urines. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first study allowing the assessment of the occurrence of more than twenty polymer additives at ng/mL in human urine.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Charlène
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pouech
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lafay
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Léonard
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiest
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cren-Olivé
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: emmanuelle.vulliet@isa-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vulliet
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Human exposure; Human urine; Polymer additives; UHPLC–MS/MS