title: Removal of the eye in a tertiary care center of China: a retrospective study on 573 cases in 20 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the original protopathy, direct indications, clinical characteristics, complications of orbit plants and visual conditions of eye enucleation/evisceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of 573 eyes removed (573 inpatients) at Ophthalmology Department in a tertiary care center of China from January 1993 to December 2012 was completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases underwent removal of the eye accounted for 2.15% of total ophthalmology inpatients, whose annual frequency declined from 3.80% to 0.52%. There were 167 eyes (29.14%) being enucleated and 406 (70.86%) eviscerated. Annual proportion of evisceration rose from 16.67% in 1993 to 90.48% in later years. Trauma was the top one (65.62%) in original protopathies followed by neoplasm (13.44%) and ocular infections (5.76%). Phthisis bulbi (45.20%) was the most common direct indication, succeeded by malignant tumor (12.57%), loss/unreconstructed of intraocular tissues due to trauma (11.00%), untreatable inflammation (9.60%), intractable glaucoma (8.55%) and sclerocorneal staphyloma (5.24%). Exenteration was underwent in 20 (25.97%) cases (40% for recurrent carcinoma). Following evisceration, secondary prosthesis implantation was more and earlier, implant exposure occurred in less but earlier and infection and extraction/exchange of implants were more than those following enucleation. Male, phthisis bulbi, evisceration and secondary implantation meant lower risk of implant exposure; eyes removed within 24h following trauma was an independent risk factor. There were 14.37% of eyes with vision of light perception at least as been removed. In the residual contralateral eyes, low vision accounted 5.58% and blindness 3.14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular trauma, tumor and infections were great threats to eyeball preservation. Early and effective controlling of any original protopathies was vital. Generally evisceration presented more superior and safe outcomes than enucleation did. Visual conditions of the sufferers should be focused on.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Mao-Nian
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: affecting factors; complication; enucleation; evisceration; implantation; indication; protopathy