title: Detection of Normal Aging Effects on Human Brain Metabolite Concentrations and Microstructure with Whole-Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging and Quantitative MR Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knowledge of age-related physiological changes in the human brain is a prerequisite to identify neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this study whole-brain (1)H-MRS was used in combination with quantitative MR imaging to study the effects of normal aging on healthy human brain metabolites and microstructure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty healthy volunteers, 21-70 years of age, were studied. Brain maps of the metabolites NAA, creatine and phosphocreatine, and Cho and the tissue irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation times T2 and T2' were derived from the datasets. The relative metabolite concentrations and the values of relaxation times were measured with ROIs placed within the frontal and parietal WM, centrum semiovale, splenium of the corpus callosum, hand motor area, occipital GM, putamen, thalamus, pons ventral/dorsal, and cerebellar white matter and posterior lobe. Linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aging resulted in decreased NAA concentrations in the occipital GM, putamen, splenium of the corpus callosum, and pons ventral and decreased creatine and phosphocreatine concentrations in the pons dorsal and putamen. Cho concentrations did not change significantly in selected brain regions. T2 increased in the cerebellar white matter and decreased in the splenium of the corpus callosum with aging, while the T2' decreased in the occipital GM, hand motor area, and putamen, and increased in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Correlations were found between NAA concentrations and T2' in the occipital GM and putamen and between creatine and phosphocreatine concentrations and T2' in the putamen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of normal aging on brain metabolites and microstructure are region-dependent. Correlations between both processes are evident in the gray matter. The obtained data could be used as references for future studies on patients.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (V.V.E., P.B., P.R.D., H.L., X.-Q.D.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Eylers
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (A.A.M.), University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: A A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-3063
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Maudsley
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (V.V.E., P.B., P.R.D., H.L., X.-Q.D.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1898-9657
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bronzlik
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (V.V.E., P.B., P.R.D., H.L., X.-Q.D.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dellani
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (V.V.E., P.B., P.R.D., H.L., X.-Q.D.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lanfermann
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (V.V.E., P.B., P.R.D., H.L., X.-Q.D.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ding.xiaoqi@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: X-Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*