title: Bitter Gentian Teas: Nutritional and Phytochemical Profiles, Polysaccharide Characterisation and Bioactivity.
abstract: As a result of the wide distribution of herbal teas the data on nutritional characterisation, chemical profile and biological activity of these products are required. The decoctions of Gentiana algida, G. decumbens, G. macrophylla and G. triflora herb teas were nutritionally characterized with respect to their macronutrients, demonstrating the predominance of polysaccharides and low lipid content. Gentian decoctions were also submitted to a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV analysis of phytochemicals demonstrating a high content of iridoids (177.18-641.04 μg/mL) and flavonoids (89.15-405.71 μg/mL). Additionally, mangiferin was detected in samples of G. triflora tea (19.89 μg/mL). Five free sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, gentiobiose, gentianose) were identified in all gentian teas studied, as well as six organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric, oxalic, succinic, quinic). Pectic polysaccharides with a high content of rhamnogalacturonans and arabinogalactans were also identified and characterized in gentian decoctions for the first time. Gentian tea decoctions and their specific compounds (gentiopicroside, loganic acid-6'-O-β-d-glucoside, isoorientin, isoorientin-4'-O-β-d-glucoside, mangiferin, water-soluble polysaccharides) showed a promising antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. Evidences obtained indicate the prospective use of gentian herb teas as food products and medicines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, Sakh'yanovoy Str., 6, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia. olennikovdn@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Daniil N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Olennikov
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, Sakh'yanovoy Str., 6, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia. ninkk@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Nina I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Kashchenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Str., Yakutsk 677027, Russia. hofnung@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Nadezhda K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chirikova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of the Veterinarian Medicine, Yakut State Agricultural Academy, 15 Krasil'nikova Str., Yakutsk 677007, Russia. nir06@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Lena P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Koryakina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of the Veterinarian Medicine, Yakut State Agricultural Academy, 15 Krasil'nikova Str., Yakutsk 677007, Russia. vladimirov.l15@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: Leonid N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Vladimirov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D030012:Gentiana / Q000737:chemistry*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D064209:Phytochemicals; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013662:Tea
keywords: Gentiana algida; Gentiana decumbens; Gentiana macrophylla; Gentiana triflora; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant; flavonoids; iridoids; polysaccharides