title: Hoechst 33342 Staining Identifies the Progenitor Side Population in NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIL2rgtmWjl/Sz Mice Harboring Pediatric Leukemias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A sub-population of stem cells termed side population (SP) has a unique ability for the efflux of Hoechst 33342 dye. Recently, it was hypothesized that efflux properties might facilitate the efflux of accumulated chemotherapeutic drugs and as such constitute a tumor escape mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  As SP characterization in leukemia is incomplete, we characterized SP frequencies in 19 children diagnosed with acute B cell precursor leukemia (BCP-ALL), AML and T-ALL and described engraftment properties in immune-compromised NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)IL2rg(tmWjl)/Sz (NSG) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SP cells are detectable in children and mice irrespective of the origin of the leukemia and flow-cytometric analysis reveals that the SP population is a distinct sub-population. Functionally, the SP size remains stable over serial transplantations indicating that the "stemness" potential of our SP sample cohort was overall low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SP cells exist in pediatric leukemia and are maintainable in NSG mice. Thus, our observations may facilitate down-stream characterization of LSCs in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland maya.andre@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Maya C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hoerrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handgretinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015448:Leukemia, B-Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D054218:Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D058985:Side-Population Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride
keywords: Acute myeloic leukemia; Leukemic stem cells; NSG mice; acute B cell precursor leukemia; hematopoietic stem cells; side population