title: Emergence of novel nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses currently circulating in Chinese chicken flocks.
abstract: The emergence of novel infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) has been reported worldwide. Between 2011 and 2014, eight IBV isolates were identified from disease outbreaks in northeast China. In the current study we analysed the S1 gene of these eight IBV isolates in addition to the complete genome of five of them. We confirmed that these isolates emerged through the recombination of LX4 and Taiwan group 1 (TW1) viruses at two switch sites, one was in the Nsp 16 region and the other in the spike protein gene. The S1 gene in these viruses exhibited high nucleotide similarity with TW1-like viruses; the TW1 genotype was found to be present in southern China from 2009. Pathogenicity experiments in chickens using three of the eight virus isolates revealed that they were nephropathogenic and had similar pathogenicity to the parental viruses. The results of our study demonstrate that recombination, coupled with mutations, is responsible for the emergence of novel IBVs.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongxi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiuling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: a Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics; D013624:Taiwan; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Infectious bronchitis virus; mutation; nephropathogenicity; recombination