title: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among subjects with late-onset hypogonadism: a population-based study in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The concurrence of chronic diseases and some well-defined risk factors significantly impacts the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) impacts the prevalence of ED using investigation reproductive health data of middle-aged and aging males in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reproductive health status of 1498 males, aged 40-69 years, was evaluated using questionnaires of LOH based on the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) and Aging Male Symptoms scale (AMS), as well as the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) assessment. The 10th percentile of serum total testosterone (TT) and calculated free testosterone (cFT) levels of controls were set as cut-off levels of AD. The main outcome measures were used to assess the prevalence of LOH and ED according to different subject characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1472 subjects who completed the questionnaires who supplied hormone measurements, the prevalence of self-reported ED and identified by the IIEF-5 assessment were 11.28% and 77.85%, respectively. The IIEF-5 assessment revealed a prevalence of ED of 55.34%, 88.20%, and 91.77%, respectively, among those aged 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years. AD rates of ED subjects were 13.73% and 40.69% according to the TT and cFT cut-off levels. The prevalence of ED among subjects positive for LOH (ADAM+ and AMS+) were 88.81% and 95.80%, respectively. The prevalence of ED among the AD subjects (TT and cFT cut-off levels) with LOH (ADAM+ and AMS+) were 86.67%/81.82%. And the prevalence of ED among clinical LOH subjects (ADAM+ and AMS+) were 89.51%/98.48%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that middle-aged and aging Chinese males were at a relatively high risk of ED. The prevalence of ED among subjects with LOH symptoms was greater than in all recruited subjects. The effect of LOH on the prevalence of ED far outweighed the risk of decreased testosterone levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Hao
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Nanchang Nanchang 330008, China.
authors.forename: Ru-Ming
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Fucheng Technical Service Center of Family Planning Fucheng 053700, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Dang
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Fucheng Technical Service Center of Family Planning Fucheng 053700, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Long
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fucheng Technical Service Center of Family Planning Fucheng 053700, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Can-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Fucheng Technical Service Center of Family Planning Fucheng 053700, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Tianjin United Family Hospital Tianjin 300221, China ; National Health and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, Department of Male Clinic Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Health and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, Department of Male Clinic Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Gu
keywords: Erectile dysfunction; aging male; community population; late-onset hypogonadism in males; prevalence rate