title: The Relationship of On-Call Work with Fatigue, Work-Home Interference, and Perceived Performance Difficulties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationship between on-call duty exposure (active and total on-call hours a month, number of calls per duty) and employees' experiences of being on-call (stress due to unpredictability, ability to relax during inactive on-call periods, restrictions during on-call duties, on-call work demands, and satisfaction with compensation for on-call duties) on the one hand and fatigue, strain-based and time-based work-home interference (WHI), and perceived on-call performance difficulties (PPD) on the other hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey data were collected among a large heterogeneous sample of Dutch employees (N = 5437). The final sample consisted of 157 on-call workers (23-69 years, 71% males). Data were analyzed by means of hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for age and job characteristics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in on-call work exposure were not systematically related to fatigue, WHI, and PPD (all p's >0.50). The experience of being on-call explained a medium proportion of the variation in fatigue and strain-based WHI and a medium to large proportion of the variation in time-based WHI and PPD over and above the control variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that it is employees' experience of being on-call, especially the experience of stress due to the unpredictability, rather than the amount of exposure, that is related to fatigue, WHI, and perceived on-call performance difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ziebertz
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Madelon L M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van Hooff
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Debby G J
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Schipholweg 77-89, 2316 ZL Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wendela E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hooftman
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michiel A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kompier
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabine A E
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Geurts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult