title: Molecular analysis of the CTNS gene in Jordanian families with nephropathic cystinosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nephropathic cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is characterised by the accumulation of the amino acid cystine in several body tissues due to a mutation in the CTNS gene, which encodes the cystinosin protein. The aim of this study was to sequence the coding exons of the CTNS gene in five different Jordanian families and one family from Sudan with nephropathic cystinosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probands initially presented with Fanconi syndrome symptoms. An eye examination showed the accumulation of cystine crystals in the cornea by the age of 2 years, suggesting cystinosis. All of the coding exons and flanking intronic sequences and the promoter region of the CTNS gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and subjected to sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the probands in this study carried the European 57-kb deletion in the CTNS gene. Seven variants in the coding and promoter sequence of the CTNS gene were identified in the probands of this study. Two of these variants were a CTNS mutation that was previously identified in a heterozygous genotype in two different patients of European descendant. The two mutations were c.829dupA in exon 10 and c.890G>A in exon 11. The proband of family 2 was compound-heterozygous for the two mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first molecular study of infantile nephropathic cystinosis in Jordan. We successfully identified the causative CTNS mutations in Jordanian families. The results provide a basis for the early detection of the disease using molecular tools in a highly consanguineous Jordanian population.
authors.affiliation: Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Electronic address: sjaradat@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Saied
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaradat
authors.affiliation: Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Bothina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Rababah
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Issa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hazza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akl
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Clinic, Ibn-Alhaitham Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saca
authors.affiliation: Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Doaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al-Younis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003241:Consanguinity; D003554:Cystinosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013397:Sudan / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; C111445:CTNS protein, human
keywords: CTNS mutations; Cistinosina; Cistinosis nefropática; Cystinosin; Jordan; Jordania; Middle East; Mutaciones en el gen CTNS; Nephropathic cystinosis; Oriente Medio