title: A Novel Method of Urinary Sphincter Deficiency: Serial Histopathology Evaluation in a Rat Model of Urinary Incontinence.
abstract: In this study, a novel technique of irreversible sphincter deficiency by pudendal nerve transection (PNT) using 40 female rats for studying the pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence associated with childbirth was developed. Of the 40 rats, 10 served as controls and the remaining underwent bilateral PNT at the anastomotic lumbosacral trunk level. Urethral morphological changes following bilateral PNT were assessed with serial hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining methods at 50, 90, and 130 days post-intervention. Leak point pressure (LPP) measurement was used to determine the effect of pudendal injury on urethral outlet resistance after the transection. H&E and IHC staining showed irreversible loss of striated muscle mass of the sphincter region and increase in collagen deposition compatible with muscle atrophy. LPP measurements also significantly decreased following bilateral PNT. In conclusion, a novel method of irreversible sphincter insufficiency was developed. This model effectively decreased urethral outlet resistance and caused irreversible striated muscle atrophy. It was suggested that this technique can be used to develop a permanent sphincter deficiency model for the preclinical testing of treatment modalities exclusively triggering the pudendal nerve.
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khorramirouz
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mozafarpour
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Seyedeh Maryam
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kameli
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Seyedeh Sanam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ladi Seyedian
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oveisi
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alijani
authors.affiliation: Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: pudendal nerve; rat, sphincter; stress urinary incontinence; urethra