title: Equal detection rate of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa in standard white light, high definition and narrow band imaging endoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of cervical heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) of the proximal oesophagus differs widely between studies, perhaps due to examination conditions during endoscopy. In this study we aimed to determine whether narrow band imaging (NBI) or high definition (HD) imaging improves detection of HGM. Possible factors of influence for HGM detection, in particular setting (position, timing, in-/out-patient), examination time and sedation parameters, were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 641 consecutive patients who underwent an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) by the same, substantially experienced endoscopist between June 2011 and August 2013. The type of endoscope was randomly assigned to patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 85 patients showed HGM with an overall prevalence of 13.3 %. The detection rate in the HD-NBI group was 18/127 (14.2 %) and in the HD white light (HDWL) group, 15/104 (14.4 %, p = 0.957). The detection rate between standard definition white light (SDWL) endoscopy (52/410, 12.7 %) and HD endoscopy did not differ significantly (33/231, 14.3 %, p = 0.566). Setting, sedation dosage and examination times were equally distributed between study groups. The indication of dysphagia (11.8 % vs. 2.4 % with p = 0.000, respectively) and dyspepsia (19.1 % vs. 10.8 %, p = 0.047, respectively) occurred significantly more often in HGM patients than in the control group. There was no difference in the detection rate depending on HGM size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HGM in the upper EGD is high and does not differ significantly between the study groups of SDWL, HDWL and HD-NBI under equivalent conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil GmbH Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vesper
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmiegel
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil GmbH Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brechmann
mesh_terms: D002828:Choristoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity