title: Ginger extract ameliorates phosphamidon induced hepatotoxicity.
abstract: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds commonly used as pesticides in agriculture cause serious health problems to living beings. The present study enumerates the ameliorating effect of ginger extract (GE) against phosphamidon (PHO, an organophosphorus insecticide) induced hepatotoxicity. GE was prepared from dried ginger and characterized for compound profile and antioxidant activity. Eight groups of albino rats (n = 6) were treated with 1/5th lethal dose of PHO for 5-20 days. Out of the treated 8 groups, 4 were simultaneously fed with GE (1 mg/kg body wt.) along with PHO. Alterations in the levels of hepatocellular oxidative stress (OS) markers in the treated groups indicated an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). Upregulation of apoptotic markers, DNA fragmentation and appearance of apoptotic nuclei suggested induction of apoptosis in the liver cell that was found to be attenuated after GE treatment. Moreover, no toxicity and mortality was observed up to 100 mg/kg dose of GE for 30 days in the rat model studied. Thus, GE can be considered as an effective, economical and safe extract to circumvent PHO-induced hepatotoxicity.
authors.forename: Suprabhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Niladri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Prasanta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Santi P Sinha
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Babu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D000431:Ethanol; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010707:Phosphamidon / Q000633:toxicity*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; D010707:Phosphamidon; D000431:Ethanol