title: Relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity in Chinese international students in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excessive usage of smartphones may induce social problems, such as depression and impairment of social and emotional functioning. Moreover, its usage can impede physical activity, but the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity is obscure. Therefore, we examined the relationship and the impact of excessive smartphone use on physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study collected data through the structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, the number and hours of smartphone usage, and the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) from 110 Chinese international students in Korea. The body composition and physical activity, such as the total daily number of steps and consumed calories, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, high-risk smartphone users showed less physical activity, such as the total number of steps taken and the average consumed calories per day. Moreover, their body composition, such as muscle mass and fat mass, was significantly different. Among these factors, the hours of smartphone use revealed the proportional relationship with smartphone addiction (β = 0.209, p = 0.026), while the average number of walking steps per day showed a significant reverse proportional tendency in participants with smartphone addiction (β = -0.883, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants with smartphone addiction were less likely to walk for each day. Namely, smartphone addiction may negatively influence physical health by reducing the amount of physical activity, such as walking, resulting in an increase of fat mass and a decrease of muscle mass associated with adverse health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , #1 Hoigi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Studies, Hanseo University , #46 Hanseo 1-Ro, Haemi-myeon, Seosan 356-706 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity Design, Hanseo University , #46 Hanseo 1-Ro, Haemi-myeon, Seosan 356-706 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: daily walking; mobile phone addiction; physical health; sedentary behaviors; smartphone use