title: Effects of Selenium-Enriched Probiotics on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidative Status, Histopathological Lesions, and Related Gene Expression in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: A total of 80 female albino mice were randomly allotted into five groups (n = 16) as follows: (A) normal control, (B) high-fat diet (HFD),; (C) HFD + probiotics (P), (D) HFD + sodium selenite (SS), and (E) HFD + selenium-enriched probiotics (SP). The selenium content of diets in groups A, B, C, D, and E was 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.3, and 0.3 μg/g, respectively. The amount of probiotics contained in groups C and E was similar (Lactobacillus acidophilus 0.25 × 10(11)/mL and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.25 × 10(9)/mL colony-forming units (CFU)). The high-fat diet was composed of 15 % lard, 1 % cholesterol, 0.3 % cholic acid, and 83.7 % basal diet. At the end of the 4-week experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid metabolism, antioxidative status, histopathological lesions, and related gene expressions. The result shows that HFD significantly increased the body weights and liver damages compared to control, while P, SS, or SP supplementation attenuated the body weights and liver damages in mice. P, SS, or SP supplementation also significantly reversed the changes of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein (TP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalasa (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels induced by HFD. Generally, adding P, SS, or SP up-regulated mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase II (ACAT2), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACOX2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and down-regulated mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) involved in lipid metabolism. Among the group, adding SP has a maximum effect in improving lipid metabolism, antioxidative status, histopathological lesions, and related gene expression in mice fed a HFD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.|Departamento de Ciências Naturais e Matemática, Universidade Pedagógica de Moçambique, Campus Universitarios de Chiuaula, P. O. Box 4, Delegação de Niassa, Lichinga, Moçambique.
authors.forename: Sonia Agostinho
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nido
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shituleni Andreas
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shituleni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Berhe Mekonnen
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mengistu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yunhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Alam Zeb
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shahnawaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumbhar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China. khhuang@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kehe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D019936:Probiotics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Antioxidative status; Histopathological lesions; Lipid metabolism; Mice; Obesity; Probiotics; Selenium-enriched