title: Choosing Wisely in Emergency Medicine: A National Survey of Emergency Medicine Academic Chairs and Division Chiefs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Choosing Wisely campaign was launched in 2011 to promote stewardship of medical resources by encouraging patients and physicians to speak with each other regarding the appropriateness of common tests and procedures. Medical societies including the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) have developed lists of potentially low-value practices for their members to address with patients. No research has described the awareness or attitudes of emergency physicians (EPs) regarding the Choosing Wisely campaign. The study objective was to assess these beliefs among leaders of academic departments of emergency medicine (EM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a Web-based survey of emergency department (ED) chairs and division chiefs at institutions with allopathic EM residency programs. The survey examined awareness of Choosing Wisely, anticipated effects of the program, and discussions of Choosing Wisely with patients and professional colleagues. Participants also identified factors they associated with the use of potentially low-value services in the ED. Questions and answer scales were refined using iterative pilot testing with EPs and health services researchers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight percent (105/134) of invited participants responded to the survey. Eighty percent of respondents were aware of Choosing Wisely. A majority of participants anticipate the program will decrease costs of care (72% of respondents) and use of ED diagnostic imaging (69%) but will have no effect on EP salaries (94%) or medical-legal risks (65%). Only 45% of chairs have ever addressed Choosing Wisely with patients, in contrast to 88 and 82% who have discussed it with faculty and residents, respectively. Consultant-requested tests were identified by 97% of residents as a potential contributor to low-value services in the ED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial majority of academic EM leaders in our study were aware of Choosing Wisely, but only slightly more than half could recall any ACEP recommendations for the program. Respondents familiar with Choosing Wisely anticipated generally positive effects, but chairs reported only infrequently discussing Choosing Wisely with patients. Future research should identify potentially low-value tests requested by consultants and objectively measure the utility and cost of these tests among ED patient populations.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.|Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Brandon C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Maughan
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baren
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Raina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Merchant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000069342:Medical Overuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012307:Risk Factors; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits