title: [Effects of ridge and furrow rain harvesting with supplemental irrigation on winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency in Guanzhong irrigation district].
abstract: A field experiment was conducted to determine the regulation of crop photosynthesis and output and water saving effect under ridge and furrow rain harvesting with supplemental irrigation in Guanzhong irrigation district. The experiment was set with 5 treatments with irrigation at returning green stage, and the widths of both ridge and furrow being 60 cm. T1, T2 and T3 were in the ridge and furrow rain harvesting planting pattern, with the irrigation volumes being 0, 375 and 750 m3 · hm(-2) respectively, T4 was flat planting with irrigation (border irrigation) of 750 m3 · hm(-2) and CK was flat planting without irrigation. Effects on winter wheat photosynthetic organs, photosynthetic rate, yield and water use efficiency, etc. were tested. The results showed that compared with T4, T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased the grain yield by 2.8%, 9.6% and 18.9%, improved the harvest index by 2.0% to 8.5%, advanced the flag leaf chlorophyll content by 41.9% to 64.4% significantly, and improved the 0-40 cm layer soil moisture content by 0.1%-4.6% during the whole growth period. Photosynthetic rates at the flowering and filling stages also increased by 22.3% to 54.2% and -4.3% to 67.2%, respectively. Total water use efficiencies (WUEy) were 17.9%, 10.4% and 15.4% higher than that of T4, and 69.3%, 58.6% and 65.7% higher than that of CK (P < 0.05), respectively, and enhanced precipitation utilization efficiency ( PUE ) by 94.3%-124.5% than CK. Leaf areas of T2 and T3 treatments at each growth stage were significantly higher than that of T4 and CK, irrigation water use efficiencies (IUE) were 119.1% and 18.8% higher than that of T4, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that ridge and furrow rain harvesting cultivation could maintain higher grain yield than border irrigation without irrigation or with irrigation reduction by 50%. The utilization efficiency of irrigation water under the condition of irrigation reduction by 50% was improved significantly, and the ridge and furrow rain harvesting could significantly improve whole cropland water use efficiency in the year of less rainfall.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing-fang
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xue-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shan-shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi-kuan
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Rui-xia
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiao-long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jun-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D018533:Biomass; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011891:Rain; D012987:Soil; D014908:Triticum / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; D002734:Chlorophyll