title: [Injuries in Freestyle Motocross (FMX): A Retrospective Study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Freestyle Motocross (FMX) is an emerging extreme sport in which motocross riders perform risky jumps and tricks, which are graded by judges for their degree of difficulty, originality, and style. To this date, injury, patterns and causes in Freestyle Motocross have not been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the time period from January 2006 to December 2012, 19 professional FMX riders of an internationally active FMX team were retrospectively surveyed by means of a questionnaire and questionnaire-based interviews regarding injuries sustained during training, shows, or competition. The questionnaire collected information regarding injury type, circumstances, causes, and treatment. In addition, general information was obtained on body dimensions, experience, training, and equipment used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 54 accidents resulting in 78 severe injuries were registered. The most common types of injuries were fractures (66.6 %), ligament ruptures (7.7 %), and contusions (6.4 %). Most frequently affected body regions were foot/ankle (20.5 %), shoulder (12.8 %), and back (10.3 %). The Backflip was the trick during which most of the injuries occurred (35.2 %). Incorrect execution of jumps (25.9 %) was the leading cause of accidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our data, FMX is a high-risk sport. To avoid injuries, ramps, motorcycles, and equipment should be in the best possible shape and the athletes themselves in good physical and mental condition. Attendance of medical staff during FMX activity is advised at all time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ernstbrunner
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Runer
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neunhäuserer
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moroder
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D003288:Contusions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*