title: Multiple Roles for Nogo Receptor 1 in Visual System Plasticity.
abstract: During the developmental critical period for visual plasticity, discordant vision alters the responsiveness of neurons in visual cortex. The subsequent closure of the critical period not only consolidates neural function but also limits recovery of acuity from preceding abnormal visual experience. Despite species-specific differences in circuitry of the visual system, these characteristics are conserved. The nogo-66 receptor 1 (ngr1) is one of only a small number of genes identified thus far that is essential to closing the critical period. Mice lacking a functional ngr1 gene retain developmental visual plasticity as adults and their visual acuity spontaneously improves after prolonged visual deprivation. Experiments employing conditional mouse genetics have revealed that ngr1 restricts plasticity within distinct circuits for ocular dominance and visual acuity. However, the mechanisms by which NgR1 limits plasticity have not been elucidated, in part because the subcellular localization and signal transduction of the protein are only partially understood. Here we explore potential mechanisms for NgR1 function in relation to manipulations that reactivate visual plasticity in adults and propose lines of investigation to address relevant gaps in knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Céleste-Élise
authors.initials: CÉ
authors.lastname: Stephany
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA amcgee@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: McGee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023882:Dominance, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D000070816:Nogo Receptor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000070816:Nogo Receptor 1
keywords: amblyopia; critical period; dendritic spines; mouse; myelin; ocular dominance; visual acuity; visual cortex; visual plasticity