title: Cholinergic transmission underlies modulation of frustration by open field exposure.
abstract: Frustration can be defined as an emotional state generated by the omission or devaluation in the quantity or quality of an expected appetitive reward. Thus, reactivity to a reward is affected by prior experience with the different reinforcer values of that reward. This phenomenon is known as incentive relativity, and can be studied by different paradigms. Although methodologically simple, the exploration of a novel open field (OF) is a complex situation that involves several behavioral processes, including stress induction and novelty detection. OF exposure can enhance or block the acquisition of associative and non-associative memories. These experiments evaluated the effect of OF exploration on frustration and the role played by the cholinergic system in this phenomenon. OF exploration before first or second trial of incentive downshift modulated the expression of frustration. This effect of OF was blocked by the administration of scopolamine either before or after OF exploration. These results indicate that the cholinergic system is involved in the acquisition and consolidation of OF information.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada (PSEA), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Psyrdellis
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina.
authors.forename: Ricardo Marcos
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pautassi
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada (PSEA), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina; Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Argentina.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mustaca
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada (PSEA), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina. Electronic address: nadiajustel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Justel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004777:Environment; D005639:Frustration; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009042:Motivation; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012201:Reward; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D012601:Scopolamine
keywords: Cholinergic system; Frustration; Memory; Novelty; Open field