title: Subtype Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: Approach to Different Clinical Scenarios.
abstract: Identification and management of patients with primary aldosteronism are of utmost importance because it is a frequent cause of endocrine hypertension, and affected patients display an increase of cardio- and cerebro-vascular events, compared to essential hypertensives. Distinction of primary aldosteronism subtypes is of particular relevance to allocate the patients to the appropriate treatment, represented by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for bilateral forms and unilateral adrenalectomy for patients with unilateral aldosterone secretion. Subtype differentiation of confirmed hyperaldosteronism comprises adrenal CT scanning and adrenal venous sampling. In this review, we will discuss different clinical scenarios where execution, interpretation of adrenal vein sampling and subsequent patient management might be challenging, providing the clinician with useful information to help the interpretation of controversial procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burrello
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monticone
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetti
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Versace
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglio
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mulatero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D055815:Young Adult