title: TAK-242, a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist, Protects against Aldosterone-Induced Cardiac and Renal Injury.
abstract: Cardiovascular and renal inflammation induced by Aldosterone (Aldo) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal fibrosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling contributes to inflammatory cardiovascular and renal diseases, but its role in Aldo-induced hypertension and renal damage is not clear. In the current study, rats were treated with Aldo-salt combined with TAK-242 (a TLR4 signaling antagonist) for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic, cardiac and renal parameters were assayed at the indicated time. We found that Aldo-salt-treated rats present cardiac and renal hypertrophy and dysfunction. Cardiac and renal expression levels of TLR4 as well as levels of molecular markers attesting inflammation and fibrosis are increased by Aldo infusion, whereas the treatment of TAK-242 reverses these alterations. TAK-242 suppresses cardiac and renal inflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-a, IL-1β and MCP-1). Furthermore, TAK-242 inhibits hypertension, cardiac and renal fibrosis, and also attenuates the Aldo-induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In experimental hyperaldosteronism, upregulation of TLR4 is correlated with cardiac and renal fibrosis and dysfunction, and a TLR4 signaling antagonist, TAK-242, can reverse these alterations. TAK-242 may be a therapeutic option for salt-sensitive hypertension and renal fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Weisheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Houyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xinzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000450:Aldosterone; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020011:Protective Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C507035:ethyl 6-(N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate; D000450:Aldosterone