title: Low WSS and High OSI Measured by 3D Cine PC MRI Reflect High Pulmonary Artery Pressures in Suspected Secondary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved prospective study was conducted to test whether objective and quantitative hemodynamic markers wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) measured by three-dimensional (3D) cine phase-contrast (PC) can reflect pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen consecutive patients of suspected secondary PAH were examined for pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs) with right heart catheterization (RHC) and three-dimensional (3D) cine PC MR. Based on the RHC data, patients were subdivided into two groups of 12 non-PAH (median age of 74.5 years) and 5 PAH (median age of 77 years) patients. Based on 3D cine PC magnetic resonance (MR), hemodynamic parameters including spatially averaged systolic WSS (sWSS), diastolic WSS (dWSS), mean WSS (mWSS), OSI and blood vessel section area (BVSA) at the pulmonary arterial trunk were calculated. Streamline images in the pulmonary arteries were also assessed. All the parameters were compared between non-PAH and PAH groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sWSS (N/m(2)) and mWSS (N/m(2)) of PAH group was lower than that of non-PAH group (0.594 ± 0.067 vs. 0.961 ± 0.590, P = 0.001), (0.365 ± 0.035 vs. 0.489 ± 0.132, P = 0.027). OSI of PAH group was higher than that of non-PAH (0.214 ± 0.026 vs. 0.130 ± 0.046, P = 0.001). sWSS, mWSS, and dWSS were inversely correlated and OSI was positively correlated to mean PAP or systolic PAP with r values of -0.638 (P = 0.005), -0.643 (P = 0.005), -0.485 (P = 0.049), and 0.625 (P = 0.007); or -0.622 (P = 0.008), -0.629 (P = 0.007), -0.484 (P = 0.049), and 0.594 (P = 0.012), respectively. sWSS was also inversely correlated to BVSA with r value of -0.488 (P = 0.049), and OSI was correlated to BVSA with r value of 0.574 (P = 0.016). Vortex or helical flows were observed more frequently in PAH patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low sWSS and mWSS as well as high OSI measured with 3D cine PC MR could be potential hemodynamic markers for the increased PAP in suspected secondary PAH patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiological Technology, Iwata City Hospital.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology