title: A synergistic approach of adapalene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, and vitamin C co-administration for treating acne.
abstract: The present study documents the fabrication and characterization of a topically applicable gel loaded with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of adapalene (ADA) and vitamin C (ascorbyl-6-palmitate [AP]). The NLCs were prepared by high pressure homogenization (HPH) method followed by incorporation into AP loaded gel. The fabricated system was characterized for size, poly dispersity index, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release properties, and was further investigated for skin compliance, skin transport characteristics (skin permeation and bio-distribution), rheological behavior, texture profile analysis and anti-acne therapeutic potential against testosterone-induced acne in male Wistar rats. The NLC-based formulation improved targeting of the skin epidermal layer and reducing systemic penetration. The co-administration of vitamin C led to an adjunct effect in acne therapy in physiological conditions. In brief, the present results suggest the potential of NLCs as a novel carrier for the dermal delivery of ADA and also the synergistic effect of vitamin C in topical therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .|b Drug Delivery Research Group , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India .
authors.forename: Ashay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .|b Drug Delivery Research Group , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India .
authors.forename: Neeraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .|b Drug Delivery Research Group , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India .
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA , and.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kesharwani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory , Dr. Hari Singh Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .|d Department of Pharmaceutics , Bhagyoday Tirth Pharmacy College , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: b Drug Delivery Research Group , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India .
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nirbhavane
authors.affiliation: e Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tyagi
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068816:Adapalene / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D008055:Lipids; D000068816:Adapalene; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Acne vulgarise; adapalene; ascorbyl-6-palmitate; nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs); rheology; topical delivery; vitamin C