title: Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.
abstract: Classical angina refers to typical substernal discomfort triggered by effort or emotions, relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. The well-accepted pathogenesis is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Goals in therapy are improvement in quality of life by limiting the number and severity of attacks, protection against future lethal events, and measures to lower the burden of risk factors to slow disease progression. New pathophysiological data, drugs, as well as conceptual and technological advances have improved patient care over the past decade. Behavioral changes to improve diets, increase physical activity, and encourage adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs, are difficult to achieve but are effective.
authors.affiliation: The Cardiometabolic Research Institute, 8181 Fannin Street, Unit 314, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Electronic address: cardiacresearchinstitute@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kones
authors.affiliation: The Cardiometabolic Research Institute, 8181 Fannin Street, Unit 314, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
authors.forename: Umme
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rumana
keywords: Angina; Calcium channel blockers; Cardiovascular risk assessment; Coronary artery disease; Myocardial oxygen balance; Nitrates; Silent ischemia; Stable ischemic heart disease; β-Blockers