title: Engineering serendipity: High-throughput discovery of materials that resist bacterial attachment.
abstract: Controlling the colonisation of materials by microorganisms is important in a wide range of industries and clinical settings. To date, the underlying mechanisms that govern the interactions of bacteria with material surfaces remain poorly understood, limiting the ab initio design and engineering of biomaterials to control bacterial attachment. Combinatorial approaches involving high-throughput screening have emerged as key tools for identifying materials to control bacterial attachment. The hundreds of different materials assessed using these methods can be carried out with the aid of computational modelling. This approach can develop an understanding of the rules used to predict bacterial attachment to surfaces of non-toxic synthetic materials. Here we outline our view on the state of this field and the challenges and opportunities in this area for the coming years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This opinion article on high throughput screening methods reflects one aspect of how the field of biomaterials research has developed and progressed. The piece takes the reader through key developments in biomaterials discovery, particularly focusing on need to reduce bacterial colonisation of surfaces. Such bacterial resistant surfaces are increasingly required in this age of antibiotic resistance. The influence and origin of high-throughput methods are discussed with insights into the future of biomaterials development where computational methods may drive materials development into new fertile areas of discovery. New biomaterials will exhibit responsiveness to adapt to the biological environment and promote better integration and reduced rejection or infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: peter.magennis@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Magennis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: andrew.hook@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: martyn.davies@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: cameron.alexander@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: paul.williams@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Electronic address: morgan.alexander@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: Bacteria; Biofilm; Biomaterials; High-throughput; Polymers