title: Cefazolin loaded chitosan nanoparticles to cure multi drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
abstract: Antibiotic resistance against Gram-negative microbes is considered as an alarming phenomenon that needs to be addressed urgently to develop better therapeutic solutions. The aim of the present research work was to investigate and develop cefazolin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a potential tool against multidrug resistant pathogens. Empty and drug loaded CSNPs were prepared by ionic gelation method. It was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based studies that CSNPs were less than 100 nm in size and displayed homogeneity both in shape and size. Encapsulation of cefazolin has not increased the size of nano systems. Zeta sizer results revealed that both systems have positive zeta potential of more or less +50 mV, thus contributing towards a stable formulation. Encapsulation efficiency was directly proportional to the increase in the concentration of antibiotic (28-62%). Furthermore, growth kinetics study had demonstrated excellent antimicrobial potential of cefazolin loaded CSNPs against multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) positive Escherichia coli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: bushrajamil2000@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro and Nano Devices (CMND), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Huma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: Al-Sayed Hospital (Pvt) Ltd, 1-Hill Park, Opp. Ayub Park, Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: m.imran@comsats.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048271:Chitosan; D002437:Cefazolin
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Atomic force microscopy; Chitosan nanoparticles; ESBL; FTIR; Zeta sizer