title: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Beta and Interferon Gamma Responses in Ugandans with HIV-1 Acute/Early Infections.
abstract: Control of HIV replication through CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells might be possible, but the functional and phenotypic characteristics of such cells are not defined. Among cytokines produced by T cells, CCR5 ligands, including macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), compete for the CCR5 coreceptor with HIV, promoting CCR5 internalization and decreasing its availability for virus binding. Interferon (IFN)-γ also has some antiviral activity and has been used as a read-out for T cell immunogenicity. We used cultured ELISpot assays to compare the relative contribution of MIP-1β and IFN-γ to HIV-specific responses. The magnitude of responses was 1.36 times higher for MIP-1β compared to IFN-γ. The breadth of the MIP-1β response (45.41%) was significantly higher than IFN-γ (36.88%), with considerable overlap between the peptide pools that stimulated both MIP-1β and IFN-γ production. Subtype A and D cross-reactive responses were observed both at stimulation and test level, but MIP-1β and IFN-γ responses displayed different effect patterns. We conclude that the MIP-1β ELISpot would be a useful complement to the evaluation of the immunogenicity of HIV vaccines and the activity of adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Andrew Ekii
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Obuku
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bugembe
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Musinguzi
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watera
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serwanga
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Nicaise
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ndembi
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Pontiano
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaleebu
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute , Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda .
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D007371:Interferon-gamma