title: NMR of (133)Cs(+) in stretched hydrogels: One-dimensional, z- and NOESY spectra, and probing the ion's environment in erythrocytes.
abstract: (133)Cs nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was conducted on (133)Cs(+) in gelatin hydrogels that were either relaxed or stretched. Stretching generated a septet from this spin-7/2 nucleus, and its nuclear magnetic relaxation was studied via z-spectra, and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser (NOESY) spectroscopy. Various spectral features were well simulated by using Mathematica and the software package SpinDynamica. Spectra of CsCl in suspensions of human erythrocytes embedded in gelatin gel showed separation of the resonances from the cation inside and outside the cells. Upon stretching the sample, the extracellular (133)Cs(+) signal split into a septet, while the intracellular peak was unchanged, revealing different alignment/ordering properties of the environment inside and around the cells. Differential interference contrast light microscopy confirmed that the cells were stretched when the overall sample was elongated. Analysis of the various spectral features of (133)Cs(+) reported here opens up applications of this K(+) congener for studies of cation-handling by metabolically-active cells and tissues in aligned states.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: philip.kuchel@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kuchel
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shishmarev
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puckeridge
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO17 1BJ, UK.
authors.forename: Malcolm H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Bogdan E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002586:Cesium / Q000097:blood; D002587:Cesium Isotopes; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D008857:Microscopy, Interference; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D002587:Cesium Isotopes; D002712:Chlorides; D020100:Hydrogels; D007477:Ions; D002586:Cesium; C028019:cesium chloride
keywords: (133)Cs NMR spectroscopy; 2D EXSY; 2D NOESY; Gelatin hydrogel; Red blood cells; Residual quadrupolar coupling; Stretched gel