title: Purifying capability, enzyme activity, and nitrification potentials in December in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland with earthworms and different substrates.
abstract: The response of purifying capability, enzyme activity, nitrification potentials, and total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere in December to wetland plants, substrates, and earthworms was investigated in integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (IVFCW). The removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP) was increased when earthworms were added into IVFCW. A significantly average removal efficiency of N in IVFCW that employed river sand as substrate and in IVFCW that employed a mixture of river sand and Qing sand as substrate was not found. However, the average removal efficiency of P was higher in IVFCW with a mixture of river sand and Qing sand as substrate than in IVFCW with river sand as substrate. Invertase activity in December was higher in IVFCW that used a mixture of river sand and Qing sand as substrate than in IVFCW which used only river sand as substrate. However, urease activity, nitrification potential, and total number of bacteria in December was higher in IVFCW that employed river sand as substrate than in IVFCW with a mixture of river sand and Qing sand as substrate. The addition of earthworms into the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland increased the above-ground biomass, enzyme activity (catalase, urease, and invertase), nitrification potentials, and total number of bacteria in December. The above-ground biomass of wetland plants was significantly positively correlated with urease and nitrification potentials (p < 0.01). The addition of earthworms into IVFCW increased enzyme activity and nitrification potentials in December, which resulted in improving purifying capability.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China.|School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Defu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Jiaru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China. yxli_njau@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Jiuhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D058465:Nitrification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D058441:Rhizosphere; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons; D062065:Wastewater; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Eisenia fetida; Enzyme activity; Nitrification potentials; Purifying capability; Substrate