title: Synchronization Design and Error Analysis of Near-Infrared Cameras in Surgical Navigation.
abstract: The accuracy of optical tracking systems is important to scientists. With the improvements reported in this regard, such systems have been applied to an increasing number of operations. To enhance the accuracy of these systems further and to reduce the effect of synchronization and visual field errors, this study introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based synchronization control method, a method for measuring synchronous errors, and an error distribution map in field of view. Synchronization control maximizes the parallel processing capability of FPGA, and synchronous error measurement can effectively detect the errors caused by synchronization in an optical tracking system. The distribution of positioning errors can be detected in field of view through the aforementioned error distribution map. Therefore, doctors can perform surgeries in areas with few positioning errors, and the accuracy of optical tracking systems is considerably improved. The system is analyzed and validated in this study through experiments that involve the proposed methods, which can eliminate positioning errors attributed to asynchronous cameras and different fields of view.
authors.affiliation: School of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.|School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. bmeyrq@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rongqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
authors.forename: Huazhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yizhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
authors.forename: Shanxing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Error analysis; Near-infrared; Surgical navigation; Synchronization