title: Selective sweeps versus introgression - population genetic dynamics of the murine leukemia virus receptor Xpr1 in wild populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interaction between viruses and their receptors in the host can be expected to lead to an evolutionary arms race resulting in cycles of rapid adaptations. We focus here on the receptor gene Xpr1 (xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1) for murine leukemia viruses (MLVs). In a previous screen for selective sweeps in mouse populations we discovered that a population from Germany was almost monomorphic for Xpr1 haplotypes, while a population from France was polymorphic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we analyze Xpr1 sequences and haplotypes from a broad sample of wild mouse populations of two subspecies, M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus, to trace the origins of this distinctive polymorphism pattern. We show that the high polymorphism in the population in France is caused by a relatively recent invasion of a haplotype from a population in Iran, rather than a selective sweep in Germany. The invading haplotype codes for a novel receptor variant, which has itself undergone a recent selective sweep in the Iranian population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support a scenario in which Xpr1 is frequently subject to positive selection, possibly as a response to resistance development against recurrently emerging infectious viruses. During such an infection cycle, receptor variants that may convey viral resistance can be captured from another population and quickly introgress into populations actively dealing with the infectious virus.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany. hasenkamp@evolbio.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hasenkamp
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany. tsolomon@ucsd.edu.|Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. tsolomon@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany. tautz@evolbio.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Diethard
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tautz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001211:Asia, Western; D001483:Base Sequence; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011157:Population Dynamics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D000089842:Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D000089842:Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor; C000715268:Xpr1 protein, mouse