title: Systemic and coronary levels of CRP, MPO, sCD40L and PlGF in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the differences in level of several biomarkers, i.e. C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, soluble CD40 ligand and placental growth factor, between acute coronary syndrome and chronic stable angina patients. The relationship between these biomarkers in the coronary circulation and systemic circulation was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 79 patients were recruited in this study. The coronary blood was sampled from occluded coronary artery, while the peripheral venous blood was withdrawn from antecubital fossa. The serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand and placental growth factor and plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase were measured using ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The systemic level of the markers measured in the peripheral venous blood was significantly increased in acute coronary syndrome compared to chronic stable angina patients. The concentrations of the C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase and soluble CD40 ligand taken from peripheral vein were closely similar to the concentration found in coronary blood of ACS patients. The level of placental growth factor was significantly higher in coronary circulation than its systemic level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of these C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, soluble CD40 ligand and placental growth factor were significantly increased in acute coronary syndrome patients. The concentration of the markers measured in the systemic circulation directly reflected those in the local coronary circulation. Thus, these markers have potential to become a useful tool in predicting plaque vulnerability in the future.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. fsw_1129@yahoo.com.my.
authors.forename: Siew Wai
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. fewling@usm.my.
authors.forename: Ling Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Few
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. stweicun@usm.my.
authors.forename: Wei Cun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: See Too
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. boonyin@usm.my.
authors.forename: Boon Yin
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. izah@usm.my.
authors.forename: Nik Nor Izah
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Nik Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: National Heart Institute, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. shaifuly@ijn.com.my.
authors.forename: Shaiful Azmi
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yahaya
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. zurkurnai@usm.my.
authors.forename: Zurkurnai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: National Heart Institute, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. rosli@ijn.com.my.
authors.forename: Rosli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohd Ali
authors.affiliation: Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. rashid@cybermed.edu.my.
authors.forename: Abdul Rashid
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abdul Rahman
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. yvonnetee@usm.my.
authors.forename: Get Bee
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Yvonne-Tee
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase