title: The effects of Mg enrichment of vegetable sprouts on Mg concentration, yield and ROS generation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-thirds of the world's population do not consume the recommended amount of Mg, hence the demand for the production of Mg-enriched plants. Sprouts represent promising targets for enrichment. This study evaluated the effects of enriching broccoli, radish, alfalfa and mung bean sprouts with Mg (50-300 mg L(-1) ) on (i) the concentration of Mg and other ions, (ii) biomass accumulation, (iii) levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (iv) the activity/content of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidative systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enrichment of sprouts with Mg led to a significant increase in Mg concentration, especially in alfalfa (increase of 23-152 %), without depletion of other ions. A higher Mg concentration had a minor effect on biomass accumulation, but increased, often significantly, ROS generation and affected enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems. The level of O2 (•-) increased most in broccoli, by 59-158%, while OH(•) increased most in radish, by 200-350%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enrichment of sprouts with Mg is possible, but attention must be paid to elevated ROS levels in food. Mung bean sprouts are best suited to enrichment as they make a considerable contribution to the daily supplementation of Mg, at still low levels of ROS in enriched plants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przybysz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrochna
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Małecka-Przybysz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gawrońska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gawroński
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018525:Germination; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis*; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D031224:Raphanus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D000070658:Vigna / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Mg enrichment; antioxidative system enzymes; ascorbic acid; phenolic compounds; reactive oxygen species; sprouts