title: Establishment of mesenteric venous thrombosis in a porcine model using a transhepatic endovascular approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By using endovascular techniques, we set up an animal model of mesenteric venous thrombosis to avoid surgical laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pigs underwent percutaneous transhepatic puncture to create animal model of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis. Experimental animals were injected with thrombin via indwelling catheter, while sham-operated animals with receiving physiological saline instead of thrombin. Animals were divided into three groups according to the time of thrombosis: the control (n=3, sham group), group A (n=3, 24h follow up) and group B (n=4, 72 h follow up). Blood samples were collected and tested at the baseline and end of the experiment from the systemic circulation (jugular vein). A pathologist, blinded to the performed interventions, graded the ischemic lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine pigs were successfully conducted MVT model, while one died of liver rupture during the experiment. White blood cell (WBC) count (group A: 18.77 ± 1.29, group B: 28.93 ± 3.13), D-dimer (group A: 8.30 ± 1.93, group B: 17.30 ± 2.48) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (group A: 452.13 ± 53.14, group B: 753.97 ± 65.29) showed a rapid step-up between the experimental animals and control animals (P<0.05), while hemoglobin (HB) count (group A: 106.63 ± 3.84, group B: 90.00 ± 2.43) and albumin (group A: 35.83 ± 1.15, group B: 27.60 ± 1.44) a steady decline (P<0.05). Changes of these parameters correlated with duration of mesenteric ischemia by statistical analysis (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endovascular approach in this minimally invasive porcine model of mesenteric venous thrombosis was feasible. Moreover, further animal studies are underway to evaluate the effectiveness and reproducibility of endovascular technique for MVT model.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: chinashdliukai@163.com.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: 774994964@qq.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiaxiang
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: 223061@qq.com.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xinxin
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: 306446264@qq.com.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baochen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: dingwei_nju@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weiwei
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: wu_xingjiang@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xingjiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: yangshuofei@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shuofei
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. Electronic address: li_jieshou@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jieshou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D008642:Mesenteric Veins; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Animal model; D-dimer; Endovascular techniques; Mesenteric venous thrombosis