title: Intentional formation of a protein corona on nanoparticles: Serum concentration affects protein corona mass, surface charge, and nanoparticle-cell interaction.
abstract: The protein corona, which immediately is formed after contact of nanoparticles and biological systems, plays a crucial role for the biological fate of nanoparticles. In the here presented study we describe a strategy to control the amount of corona proteins which bind on particle surface and the impact of such a protein corona on particle-cell interactions. For corona formation, polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were incubated in a medium consisting of fetal calf serum (FCS) and cell culture medium. To modulate the amount of proteins bind to particles, the composition of the incubation medium was varied with regard to the FCS content. The protein corona mass was estimated and the size distribution of the participating proteins was determined by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Additionally, the zeta potential of incubated particles was measured. Human blood-brain barrier-representing cell line HBMEC was used for in vitro incubation experiments. To investigate the consequences of the FCS dependent protein corona formation on the interaction of MNP and cells flow cytometry and laser scanning microscopy were used. Zeta potential as well as SDS-PAGE clearly reveal an increase in the amount of corona proteins on MNP with increasing amount of FCS in incubation medium. For MNP incubated with lower FCS concentrations especially medium-sized proteins of molecular weights between 30kDa and 100kDa could be found within the protein corona, whereas for MNP incubated within higher FCS concentrations the fraction of corona proteins of 30kDa and less increased. The presence of the protein corona reduces the interaction of PEI-coated MNP with HBMEC cells within a 30min-incubation.
authors.affiliation: Department Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gräfe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse 2, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz V D
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lühe
authors.affiliation: Chemicell GmbH, Eresburgstrasse 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergemann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schacher
authors.affiliation: Department Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Strasse 2, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany; Department of Nano Biophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), A.-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: silvio.dutz@tu-ilmenau.de.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutz
mesh_terms: D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry; D000066970:Protein Corona / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000066970:Protein Corona; D011094:Polyethyleneimine
keywords: HBMEC; Magnetic nanoparticles; Nanoparticle–cell interactions; Protein corona