title: [Risk Factors Associated With School Bullying in Local Authority Schools in Four Municipalities of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Year 2009].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between family and social relationships and School Bullying (SB) among peers in public education institutions in four municipalities of the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, during 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study matched by sex and educational institution was carried out. The study population came from a secondary database provided by the Departof Health Secretaryhealth, which consisted of data gathered in a survey of schoolchildren enrolled in grades 6 to 11. The CISNEROS scale and the Family APGAR test were applied to measure outcome and exposure variables. A conditional logistic regression model was obtained to explain SB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that schoolchildren living with a family where verbal and physical violence prevails, as well as in a hostile neighborhood, are more vulnerable to SB. The probability of being an SB victim is explained by: family dysfunction (OR=2.67; 95%CI, 1.05-6.82), verbal aggression at home (OR=2.81; 95%CI, 1.45-5.46), physical punishing parents (OR=2.53; 95%CI, 1.12-5.75), and neighbors who are physically aggressive to each other (OR=1.87; 95% CI, 1.00-3.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirmed that reported by Lopez, who suggested that victimization and school rejection in adolescence is related to factors outside the classroom, such as the quality of communication between parents and children. As regards family influence in the SB, Bowes indicates that a positive family atmosphere is significantly associated with the resilience of school victimization. Furthermore, being physically punished by parents generates low self-esteem in the schoolchild that leads to lack of self-protective attitudes to the attacks that occur within the school.
authors.affiliation: Estadístico y Magíster en Epidemiología de la Universidad del Valle; Docente, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle; Investigador del Grupo de Investigación en Salud Pública (GISAP); Docente, Fundación Universitaria San Martín, Sede Cali; Estadístico, Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Electronic address: mauriciohc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Médica cirujana, Universidad del Valle; Magíster en Epidemiología y Bioestadística, Universidad de McGill, Montreal, Canadá; Doctora en Epidemiología Psiquiátrica y Salud Mental; Posdoctora en Prevención de Lesiones y Políticas y en Epidemiologia de Uso de Drogas, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, Estados Unidos; Profesora titular, Universidad del Valle; Directora, Instituto CISALVA, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez Martínez
keywords: Bullying; Conditional logistic models; Factores de riesgo; Family relationships; Intimidación; Modelos logísticos; Relaciones familiares; Risk factors; Violence; Violencia