title: Retention of bonded titanium copings fixed to implant abutments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conical abutments can be laser welded to the abutment base to compensate for differing implant axes. As laser welding requires expensive equipment, alternative methods for bonding the conical abutment part with the abutment base should be considered.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the retention of Ti-6Al-7Nb copings bonded adhesively to Ti-6Al-7Nb abutments and to compare it with the stability achieved by laser welding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 two-part Ti-6Al-7Nb specimens were prepared and divided into 13 groups with 8 specimens each. In this 2-part study, 3 luting resins (Panavia F 2.0 [PF]; Multilink Automix [MA]; Superbond C&B [SB]) were used with or without metal priming (PR). The laser welding group (LW) served as the control. After storage for 1 or 150 days (150 days with thermal cycling [TC]), push-out retention and welded joint stability were tested. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and the Tukey HSD multiple comparison tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The choice of resin, thermal cycling, and metal priming had a significant effect on resin push-out retention. LW provided the strongest retention, followed by PF, MA, and SB. For PF and SB, TC decreased retention. PR did not lead to higher retention but provided better bonding stability when TC was applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retention values suggest that considering the maximum mastication forces, resin bonding is an appropriate substitute for the laser welding method.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Munich, Germany; and Research Associate, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics, and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: cmehl@proth.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mehl
authors.affiliation: Former Associate Professor, Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics, and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Professor and chair, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics, and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000044:Dental Abutments; D008422:Materials Testing; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium