title: Biological index of environmental lead pollution: accumulation of lead in liver and kidney in mice.
abstract: Lead (Pb) is known to be highly poisonous, and the acute poisoning of Cd causes the abdominal pains, vomiting, and shock. The digestive and nervous symptom is observed in the chronic lead poisoning. It was also known that the defect in hemoglobin synthesis by Pb produce anemia. The release of Pb into the environment presents a source of exposure for wild animals. In this study, we examined the utility of a new Pb-monitoring index in mice administered Pb. A solution containing 0.02, 0.2, 2, or 4 ppm lead chloride (PbCl2) was administered intraperitoneally to mice, and the Pb contents of the kidney and liver were determined at designated time points. The mean Pb content of both organs increased depending on the administered Pb dosage. Although the results of control was near the detection limits, the administration of 4 ppm in 4 weeks resulted in Pb levels of 260 mg ppm/wet weight and 110 ppm wet weight in the kidney and liver, respectively. However, there were no significant relationships among administered dose, duration of Pb treatment, and liver or kidney Pb content. Then, values in all mice administered control or 0.02 mg Pb were located inside the ellipse, representing the confidence area of the new index, and values in all mice administered more than 2 mg Pb were located outside the ellipse. These results confirm that animals exposed to high concentrations of Pb would be detected by this new index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okutomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.|Saitama Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yochimi-cho hiki-gun, Saitama, 335-0133, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan. fueda@nvlu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Index; Kidney; Lead; Liver; Monitoring