title: Subcutaneous intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia: ultrasound features and pathological correlation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To describe grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound features of subcutaneous intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The ultrasound appearances of ten histologically proven subcutaneous IPEH in ten patients (age range, 15-69 years; mean age, 38.2 years; six females, four males) were reviewed retrospectively by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Color Doppler examination and surgical excision were performed in all cases. The correlations between the ultrasound and pathological features of the lesions were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All ten cases were pathologically diagnosed as pure forms of IPEH. The mean size of the lesions was 1.3 cm. The margins of the lesions were circumscribed in seven of ten patients. Three had lobular margins. The distinct internal septum-like structures were seen in seven of ten cases (70 %). The vascularity was rich in three (30 %), moderate in four (40 %), and little in three (30 %) of the ten cases. The most common vascular pattern was one or more vessels peripherally or both peripherally and centrally located in the lesion. The detectable origin vessel was noted in four of ten cases (40 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although sonographic features of subcutaneous IPEH are non-specific, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of a small, well-defined, oval or elliptical, heterogeneous, hypoechoic soft tissue mass, showing a vascular pattern of one or more vessels in the lesion and variable vascularity. The presence of the internal septum-like structures and detectable origin vessel may be help to distinguish the lesion from the other soft tissue masses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Haeundaero, Haeundaegu, Busan, Republic of Korea. okkimmd@hanafos.com.
authors.forename: Ok Hwa
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Inje University, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyuck
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Doppler; Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia; Masson’s tumor; Soft tissues; Ultrasound