title: Jamming transitions in force-based models for pedestrian dynamics.
abstract: Force-based models describe pedestrian dynamics in analogy to classical mechanics by a system of second order ordinary differential equations. By investigating the linear stability of two main classes of forces, parameter regions with unstable homogeneous states are identified. In this unstable regime it is then checked whether phase transitions or stop-and-go waves occur. Results based on numerical simulations show, however, that the investigated models lead to unrealistic behavior in the form of backwards moving pedestrians and overlapping. This is one reason why stop-and-go waves have not been observed in these models. The unrealistic behavior is not related to the numerical treatment of the dynamic equations but rather indicates an intrinsic problem of this model class. Identifying the underlying generic problems gives indications how to define models that do not show such unrealistic behavior. As an example we introduce a force-based model which produces realistic jam dynamics without the appearance of unrealistic negative speeds for empirical desired walking speeds.
authors.affiliation: Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohcine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chraibi
authors.affiliation: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ezaki
authors.affiliation: Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tordeux
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishinari
authors.affiliation: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schadschneider
authors.affiliation: Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyfried