title: Health implications of high-fructose intake and current research.
abstract: Although fructose consumption has dramatically increased and is suspected to be causally linked to metabolic abnormalities, the mechanisms involved are still only partially understood. We discuss the available data and investigate the effects of dietary fructose on risk factors associated with metabolic disorders. The evidence suggests that fructose may be a predisposing cause in the development of insulin resistance in association with the induction of hypertriglyceridemia. Experiments in animals have shown this relation when they are fed diets very high in fructose or sucrose, and human studies also show this relation, although with conflicting results due to the heterogeneity of the studies. The link between increased fructose consumption and increases in uric acid also has been confirmed as a potential risk factor for metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia may be causally related to the development of hypertension. Collectively, these results suggest a link between high fructose intake and insulin resistance, although future studies must be of reasonable duration, use defined populations, and improve comparisons regarding the effects of relevant doses of nutrients on specific endpoints to fully understand the effect of fructose intake in the absence of potential confounding factors.
authors.affiliation: Research in Biological Sciences-Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), w.dornas@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: Waleska C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Dornas
authors.affiliation: Research in Biological Sciences-Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Wanderson G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Research in Biological Sciences-Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Research in Biological Sciences-Center for Research in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Department of Foods, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007328:Insulin; D014527:Uric Acid; D005632:Fructose
keywords: antioxidants; fructose; hypertension; oxidative stress; sugar-sweetened beverages