title: Assessment of DNA double-strand breaks induced by intravascular iodinated contrast media following in vitro irradiation and in vivo, during paediatric cardiac catheterization.
abstract: Paediatric cardiac catheterizations may result in the administration of substantial amounts of iodinated contrast media and ionizing radiation. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of iodinated contrast media in combination with in vitro and in vivo X-ray radiation on lymphocyte DNA. Six concentrations of iodine (15, 17.5, 30, 35, 45, and 52.5 mg of iodine per mL blood) represented volumes of iodinated contrast media used in the clinical setting. Blood obtained from healthy volunteers was mixed with iodinated contrast media and exposed to radiation doses commonly used in paediatric cardiac catheterizations (0 mGy, 70 mGy, 140 mGy, 250 mGy and 450 mGy). Control samples contained no iodine. For in vivo experimentation, pre and post blood samples were collected from children undergoing cardiac catheterization, receiving iodine concentrations of up to 51 mg of iodine per mL blood and radiation doses of up to 400 mGy. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to assess γH2AX-foci induction, which corresponded to the number of DNA double-strand breaks. The presence of iodine in vitro resulted in significant increases of DNA double-strand breaks beyond that induced by radiation for ≥ 17.5 mg/mL iodine to blood. The in vivo effects of contrast media on children undergoing cardiac catheterization resulted in a 19% increase in DNA double-strand breaks in children receiving an average concentration of 19 mg/mL iodine to blood. A larger investigation is required to provide further information of the potential benefit of lowering the amount of iodinated contrast media received during X-ray radiation investigations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, BT37 OQB, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, BT37 OQB, UK.
authors.forename: Sonyia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Prise
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Physics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Foster Green Hospital, 110 Saintfield Road, Belfast, BT8 6HD, UK.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, BT37 OQB, UK.
authors.forename: Ciara M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001769:Blood / Q000528:radiation effects; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006657:Histones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA breaks; DNA damage; cardiac catheterization; contrast media; double-stranded; ionizing radiation; paediatrics