title: Herpesviral Hematopoietic Necrosis in Goldfish in Switzerland: Early Lesions in Clinically Normal Goldfish (Carassius auratus).
abstract: Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 is a pathogen of goldfish, inducing a disease referred to as herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis. The disease is described so far in Japan, North America, Taiwan, Australia, the United Kingdom, and recently also Italy. Here the authors describe histologic lesions in clinically affected fish in comparison with clinically normal but virus DNA-positive goldfish in Switzerland. While necrosis or enhanced single-cell necrosis in the hematopoietic tissue in the pronephros or mesonephros was evident in dead and sick animals, in clinically normal goldfish, only single-cell necrosis was observed. Virus DNA was demonstrated in dead as well as clinically affected and subclinically infected goldfish by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. This study identifies the presence of goldfish herpesvirus in Switzerland and highlights the fact that the virus might be more widespread than assumed, as clinically normal goldfish can also carry cyprinid herpesvirus 2, showing histologically similar lesions but of lesser extent and severity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Infectology, Riems Island, Germany.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.affiliation: Koipraxis, Rain, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lany
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Infectology, Riems Island, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland heike.schmidt@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Posthaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000821:virology*; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000662:veterinary; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: PCR; cyprinid herpesvirus 2; goldfish; histopathology; in situ hybridization; kidney; subclinical infection