title: 15-Lipoxygenase inhibitors: a patent review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  15-Lipoxygenases (15-LOXes) are a family of iron-containing proteins that have the capability for unsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in animals and plants. Two types of the enzyme, 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2, have been recognized in mammals to have different abilities in the peroxidation of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. In mammalians, the critical role of the mentioned enzymes and their metabolites, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), lipoxins and eoxins, in the formation of inflammation, sensitivities, atherosclerosis and some cancers has been demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews relevant publications and patents on 15-LOX inhibitors from the points of view of synthesis and biological activities. Herein, based on the chemical structure and pharmacophore moiety, 15-LOX inhibitors are categorized into heterocyclic, phenolic, allyl and allyloxy derivatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is noteworthy that to date no pharmaceutical product from 15-LOX inhibitors has been approved for therapeutic usage. Recently, the role of 15-LOX-1 in obesity, by directly relating 15-LOX-1 expression with the proliferation and hypertrophy of adipose cells, has been reported. Based on the role 15-LOX plays in promoting cancer by amplifying PPARγ transcription activity, however, it can be claimed that 15-LOX inhibitors will be deemed suitable as chemotherapy agents in the near future.
authors.affiliation: a Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.|b Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad 91857-63788 , Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghian
authors.affiliation: c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran.
authors.forename: Atena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010330:Patents as Topic
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C458528:ALOX15B protein, human; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase
keywords: HODE; allyl benzenes; allyloxy benzenes; eoxin; heterocyclic compounds; phenolic compounds