title: Isolation and characterization of human islet stellate cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously demonstrated that islet stellate cells (ISCs) exhibiting a similar phenotype to classical pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) could be isolated from rat islets, where they may contribute to islet fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to determine whether human islets also contain ISC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using standard explants techniques, human ISCs were enriched from freshly isolated human islets. Immunofluorescence visualization of markers for PSCs(α-smooth muscle actin;α-SMA), desmin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was used to characterize the human ISC. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to assess the proliferation of ISC. The wound-healing assay and the transwell migration were used to assess the migration capacity of ISC. Immunofluorescence against collagen typesI (col-I), collagen typesIII (col-III) and fibronectin (FN) was performed to identify extracellular matrix (ECM) component synthesized by ISC. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were tried to detected stem cell potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In culture, ISC with triangular shape grow out from human islets. The passaged ISC expressed α-SMA, desmin, vimentin, GFAP and was positive for col-I, col-III and FN. The proliferation and migration ability of ISC was significantly slower than those of PSC. And both the human PSC and ISC were able to differentiate in vitro into adipocyte- and osteoblast-like cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to our previous rat experiment, the current study shows that human islets also contain ISC which is phenotypically similar but not identical to human PSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: sunzilin1963@126.com.
authors.forename: Zilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D058954:Pancreatic Stellate Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Human islet; Islet stellate cell; Type 2 diabetes mellitus