title: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Social Anxiety Disorder.
abstract: In the present study, 24 nonmedicated patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) were compared with 24 healthy control subjects to assess metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate, insula, caudate, and putamen using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) was significantly higher in patients with SAD than in healthy control subjects in the anterior cingulate and insula. NAA/Cr ratios in the insula correlated positively with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total scores in patients with SAD. Our results support the significance and biochemical involvement of the anterior cingulate and insula in the pathophysiology of SAD.
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (RT), the Dept. of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (KA), McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY), the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (EE).
authors.forename: Raşit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tükel
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (RT), the Dept. of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (KA), McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY), the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (EE).
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (RT), the Dept. of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (KA), McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY), the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (EE).
authors.forename: Çağrı
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (RT), the Dept. of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (KA), McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY), the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (EE).
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ertekin
authors.affiliation: From the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (RT), the Dept. of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (KA), McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (CY), the Dept. of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey (EE).
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000072861:Phobia, Social / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline