title: An insecticide-treated bed-net campaign and childhood malaria in Burkina Faso.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if the first national insecticide-treated bed-net campaign in Burkina Faso, done in 2010, was followed by a decrease in childhood malaria in a district with high baseline transmission of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained data on the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in children aged 2 weeks to 36 months from malaria surveys in 2009 and 2011. We assessed morbidity in children younger than 5 years by comparing data from the Nouna health district's health management information system before and after the campaign in 2010. We analysed mortality data from 2008 to 2012 from Nouna's health and demographic surveillance system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bed-net campaign was associated with an increase in the reported use of insecticide-treated nets. In 2009, 73% (630/869) of children reportedly slept under nets. In 2011, 92% (449/487) did. The campaign had no effect on the proportion of young children with P. falciparum parasitaemia after the rainy season; 52% (442/858) in 2009 and 53% (263/499) in 2011. Cases of malaria increased markedly after the campaign, as did the number of children presenting with other diseases. The campaign was not associated with any changes in child mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2010 insecticide-treated net campaign in Burkina Faso was not associated with a decrease in care-seeking for malaria or all-cause mortality in children younger than 5 years. The most likely explanation is the high coverage of nets in the study area before the campaign which could have had an effect on mosquito vectors, limiting the campaign's impact.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Valérie R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoeps
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), BP02 Nouna, Burkina Faso .
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tiendrebéogo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beiersmann
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), BP02 Nouna, Burkina Faso .
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yé
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), BP02 Nouna, Burkina Faso .
authors.forename: Marie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Damiba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Guang Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: André H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mbayiha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Allegri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), BP02 Nouna, Burkina Faso .
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sié
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany .
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets; D007306:Insecticides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides