title: Prevalence, determinants, and clinical significance of masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension have been studied among the general population and in hypertensive patients. However, little insight is available on masked and white-coat hypertension among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 1322 CKD patients admitted to our hospital division. Patients were divided into four groups: normotension; white-coat hypertension (WCHT); masked hypertension (MHT); sustained hypertension. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between WCHT, MHT and renal/cardiovascular parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of WCHT and MHT was 10.21% and 16.11%, respectively. Patients with WCHT and MHT had more severe target-organ damage (TOD) than patients with normotension, but had less severe TOD than patients with sustained hypertension. MHT correlated with impaired renal function and left-ventricular hypertrophy, whereas WCHT was associated with abnormal carotid intima media thickness. Age, body mass index, clinic and 24-h systolic blood pressure correlated with MHT, whereas clinic, 24-h diastolic blood pressure and night-time systolic blood pressure was associated with WCHT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of WCHT and MHT was 10.21% and 16.11%, respectively. WCHT and MHT show a close relationship with TOD in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of JiNan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Qun-Zi
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Zeng-Chun
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0220-3616
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China. 18520762959@163.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
authors.forename: Tanqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D059468:Masked Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D059466:White Coat Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; chronic kidney disease; masked hypertension; white coat hypertension