title: Illness perceptions or recurrence risk perceptions: What comes first? A longitudinal cross-lagged examination among cardiac patients.
abstract: Previous research suggested that illness perceptions provide the basis for illness risk perceptions through an inductive reasoning process. This study aimed to assess the direction of relationships between illness and recurrence risk perceptions over time, among cardiac patients.
  
  
  
  A longitudinal study was conducted among 138 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Self-report questionnaires measured perceived recurrence risk and illness perceptions one day and one month after catheterisation.
  
  
  
  Cross-lagged Panel Model Analyses revealed that higher perceptions of timeline, consequences and emotional representations of illness at hospitalisation were associated with higher recurrence risk perceptions one month later. Perceived personal control was the only illness perception with bi-directional associations: higher perceived personal control at hospitalisation was associated with higher recurrence risk perceptions one month later; and higher recurrence risk perceptions at hospitalisation was associated with lower personal control one month later.
  
  
  
  The findings suggest that the associations between recurrence risk and illness perceptions can only partly be explained by inductive reasoning. Halo effects and defensive processes are suggested as complementary explanations for the observed associations between risk and illness perceptions.
authors.affiliation: a The Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peleg
authors.affiliation: a The Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Erga
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drori
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology , Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.|c Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banai
authors.affiliation: b Department of Cardiology , Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center , Tel Aviv , Israel.|c Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.affiliation: a The Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiloh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: cross-lagged analysis; heart disease; illness perceptions; recurrence risk perceptions