title: No association between use of multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the child.
abstract: Sweden has the second highest incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world. Nutritional aspects in utero and in infancy affect the development. We conducted a survey to determine whether reported maternal use of vitamin D-containing micronutrient supplements during pregnancy was associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in the child.
  
  
  
  This report was based on data from the ABIS (All Babies In Southeast Sweden) study, with questionnaire data on 16 339 mother and infant pairs at birth and at 1-yr of age (n = 10 879), of whom 108 children were registered with type 1 diabetes before 14-16 yr of age. The questions 'during pregnancy, did you take any vitamin/mineral supplements?' and 'if yes, which? (open answer)' in addition to other lifestyle questions were answered. Logistic regression was performed with onset of type 1 diabetes as the dependent variable and vitamin D supplementation use as the independent variable, adjusted for relevant factors.
  
  
  
  Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was consumed by 9.3% of mothers whose children later got type1 diabetes and among 11.3% of those mothers whose children did not get type 1 diabetes (p = 0.532). No significant association was found between reported supplement intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes, even when adjusting for factors which could influence the association.
  
  
  
  Maternal use of vitamin D-containing multivitamin supplements during pregnancy was not related to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in children before 14-16 yr of age in Southeast of Sweden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granfors
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludvigsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden. hilde.brekke@nutrition.gu.se.|Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. hilde.brekke@nutrition.gu.se.
authors.forename: Hilde K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Brekke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: child; micronutrient; pregnancy; supplementation; type 1 diabetes; vitamin D