title: Ceftobiprole medocaril in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: Ceftobiprole medocaril is a fifth-generation cephalosporin approved in Europe as single-agent therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). It is rapidly converted to the active metabolite ceftobiprole following intravenous administration. Ceftobiprole has a broad spectrum of activity, notably against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ampicillin-susceptible enterococci, penicillin-resistant pneumococci and Enterobacteriaceae not producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase. Ceftobiprole is primarily excreted renally by glomerular filtration, with minimal propensity for interaction with co-administered drugs. Normal dose is ceftobiprole 500 mg, administered by 2-h intravenous infusion every 8 h, with dose adjustment according to renal function. In a pivotal Phase III trial in patients with HAP, ceftobiprole monotherapy was as efficacious as ceftazidime/linezolid for clinical and microbiological cure and was noninferior to ceftazidime/linezolid in the subgroup of patients with HAP excluding VAP. Ceftobiprole and ceftazidime/linezolid were similarly well tolerated. Ceftobiprole is an efficacious and well-tolerated option for empirical treatment of patients with HAP (excluding VAP).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas W L
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scheeren
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; C505439:ceftobiprole medocaril
keywords: Gram-negative; Gram-positive; antimicrobial; bacteria; ceftobiprole; cephalosporins; hospital-acquired pneumonia