title: Effect of a simulation-based workshop on multidisplinary teamwork of newborn emergencies: an intervention study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Video analyses of real-life newborn resuscitations have shown that Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines are followed in fewer than 50% of cases. Multidisciplinary simulation is used as a first-rate tool for the improvement of teamwork among health professionals. In the study we evaluated the impact of the crisis resource management (CRM) and anesthesia non-technical skills instruction on teamwork during simulated newborn emergencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine participants of two delivery units (17 pediatricians, 16 anesthesiologists, 14 obstetricians, 31 midwives, and 21 neonatal nurses) were divided to an intervention group (I-group, 9 teams) and a control group (C-group, 6 teams). The I-group attended a CRM and ANTS instruction before the first scenario. After each scenario the I-group performed either self- or peer-assessment depending on whether they had acted or observed in the scenario. All the teams participated in two and observed another two scenarios. All the scenarios were video-recorded and scored by three experts with Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM). SPSS software and nlme package were used for the statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total TEAM scores of the first scenario between the I- and C-group did not differ from each other. Neither there was an increase in the TEAM scoring between the first and second scenario between the groups. The CRM instruction did not improve the I-group's teamwork performance. Unfortunately the teams were not comparable because the teams had been allowed to self-select their members in the study design. The total TEAM scores varied a lot between the teams. Mixed-model linear regression revealed that the background of the team leader had an impact on differences of the total teamwork scores (D = 6.50, p = 0.039). When an anesthesia consultant was the team leader the mean teamwork improved by 6.41 points in comparison to specialists of other disciplines (p = 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The instruction of non-technical skills before simulation training did not enhance the acquisition of teamwork skills of the intervention groups over the corresponding set of skills of the control groups. The teams led by an anesthesiologist scored the best. Experience of team leaders improved teamwork over the CRM instruction.
authors.affiliation: HUCH Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University, BOX 94268, Helsinki, Finland. Rovamo@saunalahti.fi.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rovamo
authors.affiliation: HUCH Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland. Elisa.Nurmi@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.affiliation: MinSim Oy, Lievestuore, Finland. Minna-Maria.Mattila@min.sim.fi.
authors.forename: Minna-Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.affiliation: HUCH Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland. Pertti.Suominen@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.affiliation: Agora Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. Minna.Silvennoinen@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvennoinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004493:Education; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*