title: Impact of diet on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents.
abstract: The manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and particularly obesity begins in children and adolescents, with deleterious effects for cardiometabolic health at adulthood. Although the impact of diet on cardiovascular risk factors has been studied extensively in adults, showing that their cardiometabolic health is strongly lifestyle-dependent, less is known about this impact in children and adolescents. In particular, little is known about the relationship between their dietary patterns, especially when derived a posteriori, and cardiovascular risk. An adverse association of cardiovascular health and increased intake of sodium, saturated fat, meat, fast food and soft drinks has been reported in this population. In contrast, vitamin D, fiber, mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, dairy, fruits and vegetables were positively linked to cardiovascular health.The aim of this review was to summarize current epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of nutrients, foods, and dietary pattern on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. A comprehensive review of the literature available in English and related to diet and cardiometabolic health in this population was undertaken via the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.|Food and Nutrition PhD program, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Funtikova
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Estanislau
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|Biomedicine PhD program, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rowaedh Ahmed
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bawaked
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fíto
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. hschroeder@imim.es.|CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. hschroeder@imim.es.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors