title: Autoimmunity in picornavirus infections.
abstract: Enteroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense single-strand RNA viruses, and are ubiquitously found throughout the world. These viruses usually cause asymptomatic or mild febrile illnesses, but have a propensity to induce severe diseases including type 1 diabetes and pancreatitis, paralysis and neuroinflammatory disease, myocarditis, or hepatitis. This pathogenicity may result from induction of autoimmunity to organ-specific antigens. While enterovirus-triggered autoimmunity can arise from multiple mechanisms including antigenic mimicry and release of sequestered antigens, the recent demonstration of T cells expressing dual T cell receptors arising as a natural consequence of Theiler's virus infection is the first demonstration of this autoimmune mechanism.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Chandirasegaran
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Massilamany
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Vermont Center for Immunobiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Vermont Center for Immunobiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA. Electronic address: Iwona.Buskiewicz@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buskiewicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018716:Molecular Mimicry / Q000276:immunology; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D000939:Epitopes