title: Quality analysis, miceller behavior, and environmental impact of some laundry detergents available in Bangladesh.
abstract: The cleansing efficiencies of laundry detergents depend on composition and variation of ingredients such as surfactants, phosphate, and co-builders. Among these ingredients, surfactants and phosphate are considered as hazardous materials. Knowledge on compositions and micellar behavior is very useful for understanding their cleansing efficiencies and environmental impact. With this view, composition, critical micelle concentration, and dissolved oxygen level in aqueous solution of some laundry detergents available in Bangladesh such as keya, Wheel Power White, Tibet, Surf Excel, and Chaka were determined. Surfactant and phosphate were found to be maximum in Surf Excel and Wheel Power White, respectively, while both of the ingredients were found to be minimum in Tibet. The critical micelle concentration decreased with increasing surfactant content. The amount of laundry detergents required for efficient cleansing was found to be minimum for Surf Excel and maximum for Chaka; however, cleansing cost was the highest for Surf Excel and the lowest for Tibet. The maximum amount of surfactants and phosphate was discharged by Surf Excel and Wheel Power White, respectively, while discharges of both of the ingredients were minimum for Tibet. The maximum decrease of dissolved oxygen level was caused by Surf Excel and the minimum by Tibet. Therefore, it can be concluded that Tibet is cost-effective and environment friendly, whereas Surf Excel and Wheel Power White are expensive and pose a threat to water environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nur-E-Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. m_m_chem@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M Monirul
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Nazrul
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Farhana Rahman
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rima
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M Nurul
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004777:Environment; D008823:Micelles; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D008823:Micelles; D010710:Phosphates
keywords: Anionic surfactant; Critical micelle concentration; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental impact; Gram conductance; Laundry detergent; Phosphate