title: Effect of Oral Lactoferrin on Cataract Surgery Induced Dry Eye: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed intra-ocular surgeries, of these manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) is a time tested technique of cataract removal. Any corneal incisional surgery, including cataract surgery, can induce dry eye postoperatively. Various factors have been implicated, of which oneis the inflammation induced by the surgery. Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein present in tears is said to have anti-inflammatory effects, and promotes cell growth. It has been used orally in patients of immune mediated dry eye to alleviate symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to evaluate the dry eyes induced by manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery, and the effect if any, of oral lactoferrin on the dry eyes.
  A single centre, prospective randomised controlled trial with a concurrent parallel design. The study was carried out on patients presenting in the OPD of Rohilkhand Medical College hospital for cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty four patients of cataract surgery were included in the study. Patients with pre-existing dry eyes, ocular disease or systemic disease predisposing to dry eyes were excluded from the study. The selected patients were assigned into two groups by simple randomisation-Control Group A-32 patients that did not receive oral lactoferrin postoperatively. Group B-32 patients that received oral lactoferrin 350 gm postoperatively from day 1 after SICS. All patients were operated for cataract and their pre and postoperative (on days 7, 14, 30 and 60) dry eye status was assessed using the mean tear film break-up time (tBUT) and Schirmer test 1 (ST 1) as the evaluating parameters. Subjective evaluation of dry eye was done using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scoring. Data was analysed for 58 patients, as 6 did not complete the follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unpaired t-test was used to calculate the p-values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference between the tBUT values of the Control and Lactoferrin group from day 14 onwards. The tBUT of control group on day 60 was 7.86 (±0.86) seconds as compared to 13.9(± 0.99) seconds in the lactoferrin group. The Schirmer test 1 values also showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups- 15.86 (± 5.83) seconds in the control group versus 30.9 (±1.66) in the lactoferrin group on day 60. OSDI score showed 42.8% patients complaining of at least mild dry eye symptoms in the control group, as compared to 26.6% patients in the lactoferrin group on day 60.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small Incision Cataract Surgery induces dry eye postoperatively. Oral lactoferrin given postoperatively improves tear film status and dry eye after cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital , Bareilly, India .
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devendra
authors.affiliation: Junior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital , Bareilly, India .
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Post-operative dry eye; SICS; Schirmer test 1; Tear film break-up time