title: Auraptene Acts as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in the Mouse Brain.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory activity of auraptene (AUR), a citrus coumarin, in peripheral tissues is well-known, and we previously demonstrated that AUR exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the ischemic brain; the treatment of mice with AUR for eight days immediately after ischemic surgery suppressed demise and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus, possibly through its anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. We suggested that these effects were at least partly mediated by the suppression of inflammatory mediators derived from astrocytes. The present study showed that (1) AUR, as a pretreatment for five days before and another three days after ischemic surgery, suppressed microglial activation, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in astrocytes, and COX-2 mRNA expression in the hippocampus; (2) AUR suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of COX-2 mRNA and the mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured astrocytes; (3) AUR was still detectable in the brain 60 min after its intraperitoneal administration. These results support our previous suggestion that AUR directly exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. sokuyama@cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. lmv_mayu_laulea@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. miblue_x102@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. amakura@cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. 16080430m.u@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. kobukurosuki0314@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ookido
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. mnakajim@cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsunari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan. furukawa@cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D003374:Coumarins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C105832:aurapten
keywords: COX-2; anti-inflammation; astrocytes; auraptene; cerebral ischemia; cyclooxygenase-2; hippocampus