title: Eggs of Ephestia kuehniella and Ceratitis capitata, and motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Carpoglyphus lactis as factitious foods for Orius spp.
abstract: Several factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus (Hesse) and Orius naivashae (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive traits of both Orius species were examined when offered frozen eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, frozen processed eggs of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, or mixed motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) or Carpoglyphus lactis (L). Whereas C. lactis and T. putresecentiae proved to be an inferior food for rearing O. thripoborus and O. naivashae, eggs of C. capitata fully supported development and reproduction of both predators. Results on medfly eggs were similar or slightly inferior to those on E. kuehniella eggs, which is the standard food for culturing these anthocorid bugs. O. thripoborus could be maintained for 4 consecutive generations on C. capitata eggs indicating that processed medfly eggs can be a suitable and cheaper alternative to E. kuehniella eggs for prolonged rearing of these Orius spp.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jochem
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anaïs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van de Walle
authors.affiliation: South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa.|School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
authors.forename: Des
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conlong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Clercq
mesh_terms: D040041:Acaridae; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D033622:Ceratitis capitata; D004032:Diet; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D009036:Moths; D010063:Ovum; D012098:Reproduction
keywords: Anthocoridae; Ceratitis capitata; Orius spp; biological control; factitious foods; mass rearing