title: Monomethylarsonous Acid (MMAIII) Has an Adverse Effect on the Innate Immune Response of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: Arsenic is the number one contaminant of concern with regard to human health according to the World Health Organization. Epidemiological studies on Asian and South American populations have linked arsenic exposure with an increased incidence of lung disease, including pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, both of which are associated with bacterial infection. However, little is known about the effects of low dose arsenic exposure, or the contributions of organic arsenic to the innate immune response to bacterial infection. This study examined the effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) induced cytokine secretion by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) by inorganic sodium arsenite (iAsIII) and two major metabolites, monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAV), at concentrations relevant to the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neither iAsIII nor DMAV altered P. aeruginosa induced cytokine secretion. By contrast, MMAIII increased P. aeruginosa induced secretion of IL-8, IL-6 and CXCL2. A combination of iAsIII, MMAIII and DMAV (10 pbb total) reduced IL-8 and CXCL1 secretion. These data demonstrate for the first time that exposure to MMAIII alone, and a combination of iAsIII, MMAIII and DMAV at levels relevant to the U.S. may have negative effects on the innate immune response of human bronchial epithelial cells to P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.|Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Emily G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Notch
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Britton C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Goodale
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roxanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnaby
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bonita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coutermarsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Vivien F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C406082:monomethylarsonous acid; D001151:Arsenic