title: Troubleshooting Arterial-Phase MR Images of Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced Liver.
abstract: Gadoxetate disodium is a widely used magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent for liver MR imaging, and it provides both dynamic and hepatobiliary phase images. However, acquiring optimal arterial phase images at liver MR using gadoxetate disodium is more challenging than using conventional extracellular MR contrast agent because of the small volume administered, the gadolinium content of the agent, and the common occurrence of transient severe motion. In this article, we identify the challenges in obtaining high-quality arterial-phase images of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced liver MR imaging and present strategies for optimizing arterial-phase imaging based on the thorough review of recent research in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea. ; Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea. ; Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea. ; Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea. ; Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: En-Haw
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Z Jane
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Li-qin
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei Chou
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C073590:gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Arterial phase; Gadoxetate disodium; Liver; Magnetic resonance imaging; Transient severe motion