title: Two-Photon Lithography of 3D Nanocomposite Piezoelectric Scaffolds for Cell Stimulation.
abstract: In this letter, we report on the fabrication, the characterization, and the in vitro testing of structures suitable for cell culturing, prepared through two-photon polymerization of a nanocomposite resist. More in details, commercially available Ormocomp has been doped with piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles, and bioinspired 3D structures resembling trabeculae of sponge bone have been fabricated. After an extensive characterization, preliminary in vitro testing demonstrated that both the topographical and the piezoelectric cues of these scaffolds are able to enhance the differentiation process of human SaOS-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.|The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.|The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barsotti
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.|NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Vito
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Filippeschi
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazzolai
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: CNR-IPCF, UOS Pisa , Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labardi
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mattoli
authors.affiliation: Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.|Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciofani
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004560:Electricity; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis; D017785:Photons; D011327:Printing / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: barium titanate nanoparticles; bone tissue engineering; direct laser writing; piezoelectric stimulation; two-photon lithography