title: Rapid immunocytochemistry based on alternating current electric field using squash smear preparation of central nervous system tumors.
abstract: The role of intraoperative pathological diagnosis for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is crucial for neurosurgery when determining the surgical procedure. Especially, treatment of carmustine (BCNU) wafers requires a conclusive diagnosis of high-grade glioma proven by intraoperative diagnosis. Recently, we demonstrated the usefulness of rapid immunohistochemistry (R-IHC) that facilitates antigen-antibody reaction under alternative current (AC) electric field in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors; however, a higher proportion of water and lipid in the brain parenchyma sometimes leads to freezing artifacts, resulting in poor quality of frozen sections. On the other hand, squash smear preparation of CNS tumors for cytology does not affect the frozen artifacts, and the importance of smear preparation is now being re-recognized as being better than that of the tissue sections. In this study, we established the rapid immunocytochemistry (R-ICC) protocol for squash smears of CNS tumors using AC electric field that takes only 22 min, and demonstrated its usefulness for semi-quantitative Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index and CD 20 by R-ICC for intraoperative diagnosis. R-ICC by AC electric field may become a substantial tool for compensating R-IHC and will be applied for broad antibodies in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. tanino@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mishie Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tanino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenami
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Masana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urushido
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.|Department of Translational Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004560:Electricity; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018302:Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures
chemical_list: D018951:Antigens, CD20; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Central nervous system (CNS) tumor; Immunocytochemistry (ICC); Immunohistochemistry (IHC); Intraoperative diagnosis; Squash smear