title: The influence of sleep duration and sleep-related symptoms on baseline neurocognitive performance among male and female high school athletes.
abstract: Typically, the effects of sleep duration on cognition are examined in isolation.
  
  
  
  This study examined the effects of restricted sleep and related symptoms on neurocognitive performance.
  
  
  
  Baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and postconcussion symptom scale (PCSS) were administered to athletes (N = 7,150) ages 14-17 (M = 15.26, SD = 1.09) prior to sport participation. Three groups of athletes were derived from total sleep duration: sleep restriction (≤5 hours), typical sleep (5.5-8.5 hours), and optimal sleep (≥9 hours). A MANCOVA (age and sex as covariates) was conducted to examine differences across ImPACT/PCSS. Follow-up MANOVA compared ImPACT/PCSS performance among symptomatic (e.g., trouble falling asleep, sleeping less than usual) adolescents from the sleep restriction group (n = 78) with asymptomatic optimal sleepers (n = 99).
  
  
  
  A dose-response effect of sleep duration on ImPACT performance and PCSS was replicated (Wilk's λ = .98, F2,7145 = 17.25, p < .001, η2 = .01). The symptomatic sleep restricted adolescents (n = 78) had poorer neurocognitive performance: verbal memory, F = 11.60, p = .001, visual memory, F = 6.57, p = .01, visual motor speed, F = 6.19, p = .01, and reaction time (RT), F = 5.21, p = .02, compared to demographically matched controls (n = 99). Girls in the sleep problem group performed worse on RT (p = .024).
  
  
  
  Examining the combination of sleep-related symptoms and reduced sleep duration effectively identified adolescents at risk for poor neurocognitive performance than sleep duration alone. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sufrinko
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
authors.forename: Luke C
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4557-0309
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012574:Schools; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*