title: Circulating and myometrial markers of oxidative stress in pregnant women with fetal growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and oxidative stress. The mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress in the local microenvironment were investigated by comparing the activities of the markers, both in the circulation and myometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myometrial tissue and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) markers were measured in 20 FGR and 20 healthy pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of gestation at delivery was shorter (P = 0003) and the mean birthweight was lower P < 0001) in the FGR study group compared with the control group, as expected. While MDA and CAT concentrations were higher in the serum (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively), but lower in the myometrial samples (P < 0.01) in the FGR versus the control group, XO and myometrial SOD values were comparable in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although our data demonstrated that FGR is associated with oxidative stress, the exact role and mechanism of the oxidant and antioxidant imbalance is obscure. We speculate that despite limited local synthesis of CAT, effective and efficient removal of MDA in the uterine environment explains high MDA and CAT serum concentrations in women with FGR. Alternatively, a well-functioning myometrial system could rescue the fetus from reactive oxygen species, as demonstrated by lowered MDA and depleted CAT resulting from hyperconsumption. Elevated serum MDA and CAT levels in the serum may reflect the 'spillover' of these markers from the uterus to the circulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biberoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kutay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Biberoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Korkut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daglar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslihan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nuri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danisman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase
keywords: catalase; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; reactive oxygen species; superoxide dismutase; xanthine oxidase