title: Current status and future perspectives of fluorescence-guided surgery for cancer.
abstract: Curative cancer surgery is dependent on the removal of all primary tumor and metastatic cancer cells. Preoperative imaging, intraoperative inspection and palpation, as well as pathological margin confirmation aid the surgeon, but these methods are lacking in sensitivity and can be highly subjective. Techniques in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) are emerging that selectively illuminate cancer cells, enhancing the distinction between tumors and surrounding tissues with the potential for single-cell sensitivity. FGS enhances tumor detection, surgical navigation, margin confirmation, and in some cases can be combined with therapeutic techniques to eliminate microscopic disease. In this review, we describe the preclinical developments and currently-used techniques for FGS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: DeLong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.|b AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouvet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS); fluorescent proteins; fluorophore; photoimmunotherapy; theranostics