title: Variation in the Effect of Particulate Matter on Pulmonary Function in Schoolchildren in Western Japan and Its Relation with Interleukin-8.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of particulate matter (PM) on pulmonary function in schoolchildren, as well as the relationships of these effects with interleukin-8. Morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured daily in 399 children during April-May 2012, and in 384 of these children during March-May 2013. PEF's association with the daily levels of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and PM < 2.5 mm (PM2.5) was estimated using a linear mixed model. Interleukin-8 promoter activity was assessed in THP-G8 cells stimulated by fallen PM collected at Tottori University Hospital during four periods (two in 2012 and two in 2013). An increase of 14.0 mg/m³ in SPM led to PEF changes of -2.16 L/min in 2012 and -0.81 L/min in 2013, respectively. An increment of 10.7 mg/m³ in PM2.5 was associated with PEF changes of -2.58 L/min in 2012 and -0.55 L/min in 2013, respectively. These associations were only significant in 2012. Interleukin-8 promoter activity was significantly higher in both periods of 2012 than in 2013. There was a significant association between pulmonary function in schoolchildren and daily levels of SPM and PM2.5, but this association may differ depending on the PM's ability to elicit interleukin-8 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. watanabm@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Data Science, Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan. noma@ism.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. junkurajun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Ohnohigashi 377-2, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan. hsano@med.kindai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Board of Directors, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. hkitano@med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan. rumiko-s@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Rumiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. yutakakimura@m.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. saiba@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Setsuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.affiliation: Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. oshimura@med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. eiji@med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007564:Japan; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: PM2.5; interlukin-8; peak expiratory flow; schoolchildren; suspended particle matter