title: Abnormal Neural Responses to Emotional Stimuli but Not Go/NoGo and Stroop Tasks in Adults with a History of Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common disorder in school-aged children. Previous studies have reported that children with NE exhibit structural, functional and neurochemical abnormalities in the brain, suggesting that children with NE may have cognitive problems. Additionally, children with NE have been shown to process emotions differently from control children. In fact, most cases of NE resolve with age. However, adults who had experienced NE during childhood may still have potential cognitive or emotion problems, and this possibility has not been thoroughly investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate brain functional changes in adults with a history of NE. Two groups, consisting of 21 adults with NE and 21 healthy controls, were scanned using fMRI. We did not observe a significant abnormality in activation during the Go/NoGo and Stroop tasks in adults with a history of NE compared with the control group. However, compared to healthy subjects, young adults with a history of NE mainly showed increased activation in the bilateral temporoparietal junctions, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex while looking at negative vs. neutral pictures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that adults with a history of childhood NE have no obvious deficit in response inhibition or cognitive control but showed abnormal neural responses to emotional stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance & Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mengxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance & Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kaihua
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance & Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jilei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Guangheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance & Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance & Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D055815:Young Adult