title: The Ethanolic Extract of Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Antrodia camphorata) Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin and Doxorubicin on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: Taiwanofungus camphoratus (synonym Antrodia camphorata) is a widely used medicinal fungus in the folk medicine of Taiwan with several pharmacological features such as anti-inflammatory, liver protection, antihypertensive, and antioxidative activities. The ethanolic extract of T. camphoratus (TCEE) which contains abundant bioactive compounds including triterpenoids and polysaccharides also has antitumor effects in various human cancer cell lines. The aims of this study are to clarify the antitumor effects of TCEE on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and also evaluate the combination drug effects with conventional chemotherapy agents, cisplatin and doxorubicin. In the present study, the TCEE treatment induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell growth on both Hep3B and HepJ5 cells. Expression of cell cycle inhibitors, P21 and P27, and activation of apoptosis executer enzyme, caspase-3, were also induced by TCEE. In combination with the chemotherapy agents, TCEE treatment further enhanced the tumor suppression efficiency of cisplatin and doxorubicin. These results together suggested that TCEE is a potential ingredient for developing an integrated chemotherapy for human liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Tzung
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Jei
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fang-Mo
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Choong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medicine University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Jeng
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C413374:p27 antigen; D000431:Ethanol; D004317:Doxorubicin; D053148:Caspase 3; D002945:Cisplatin