title: Structural and physico-mechanical characterization of bio-cellulose produced by a cell-free system.
abstract: This study was aimed to characterize the structural and physico-mechanical properties of bio-cellulose produced through cell-free system. Fourier transform-infrared spectrum illustrated exact matching of structural peaks with microbial cellulose, used as reference. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that fibrils of bio-cellulose were thicker and more compact than microbial cellulose. The specific positions of peaks in the X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bio-cellulose possessed cellulose II polymorphic structure. Bio-cellulose presented superior physico-mechanical properties than microbial cellulose. The water holding capacity of bio-cellulose and microbial cellulose were found to be 188.6 ± 5.41 and 167.4 ± 4.32 times their dry-weights, respectively. Tensile strengths and degradation temperature of bio-cellulose were 17.63 MPa and 352 °C, respectively compared to 14.71 MPa and 327 °C of microbial cellulose. Overall, the results indicated successful synthesis and superior properties of bio-cellulose that advocate its effectiveness for various applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad Wajid
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman.
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ul-Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shaukat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parkjk@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Joong Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020576:Gluconobacter / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Bio-cellulose; Mechanical and thermal properties; Structural analysis; Water holding capacity and release rate