title: Fluid flow and particle transport in mechanically ventilated airways. Part I. Fluid flow structures.
abstract: A large eddy simulation-based computational study of fluid flow and particle transport in upper tracheobronchial airways is carried out to investigate the effect of ventilation parameters on pulmonary fluid flow. Respiratory waveforms commonly used by commercial mechanical ventilators are used to study the effect of ventilation parameters and ventilation circuit on pulmonary fluid dynamics. A companion paper (Alzahrany et al. in Med Biol Eng Comput, 2014) reports our findings on the effect of the ventilation parameters and circuit on particle transport and aerosolized drug delivery. The endotracheal tube (ETT) was found to be an important geometric feature and resulted in a fluid jet that caused an increase in turbulence and created a recirculation zone with high wall shear stress in the main bronchi. Stronger turbulence was found in lower airways than would be found under normal breathing conditions due to the presence of the jet caused by the ETT. The pressure-controlled sinusoidal waveform induced the lowest wall shear stress on the airways wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Rhein
authors.affiliation: Packard Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alzahrany
authors.affiliation: Packard Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA. arb612@lehigh.edu.
authors.forename: Arindam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Missouri- Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salzman
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: CT scan; Large eddy simulation; Mechanical ventilation; Pulmonary flow; Waveform