title: Alterations in the Colonic Microbiota of Pigs Associated with Feeding Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles.
abstract: In an effort to reduce feed costs, many pork producers have increased their use of coproducts of biofuel production in commercial pig diets, including increased feeding of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The inclusion of DDGS increases the insoluble fiber content in the ration, which has the potential to impact the colonic microbiota considerably as the large intestine contains a dynamic microenvironment with tremendous interplay between microorganisms. Any alteration to the physical or chemical properties of the colonic contents has the potential to impact the resident bacterial population and potentially favor or inhibit the establishment of pathogenic species. In the present study, colonic contents collected at necropsy from pigs fed either 30% or no DDGS were analyzed to examine the relative abundance of bacterial taxa associated with feeding this ingredient. No difference in alpha diversity (richness) was detected between diet groups. However, the beta diversity was significantly different between groups with feeding of DDGS being associated with a decreased Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes ratio (P = .004) and a significantly lower abundance of Lactobacillus spp. (P = .016). Predictive functional profiling of the microbiota revealed more predicted genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, protein digestion, and degradation of glycans in the microbiota of pigs fed DDGS. Taken together, these findings confirm that alterations in dietary insoluble fiber significantly alter the colonic microbial profile of pigs and suggest the resultant microbiome may predispose to the development of colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Burrough
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bailey L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Patience
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.|Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Plummer
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005396:Fish Products; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D056186:Metagenomics; D064307:Microbiota; D021521:Ribotyping; D013025:Glycine max; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D000067796:Whey; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins