title: TOR Complexes and the Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis.
abstract: The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved serine/threonine (ser/thr) kinase that functions in two, distinct, multiprotein complexes called TORC1 and TORC2. Each complex regulates different aspects of eukaryote growth: TORC1 regulates cell volume and/or mass by influencing protein synthesis and turnover, while TORC2, as detailed in this review, regulates cell surface area by influencing lipid production and intracellular turgor. TOR complexes function in feedback loops, implying that downstream effectors are also likely to be involved in upstream regulation. In this regard, the notion that TORCs function primarily as mediators of cellular and organismal homeostasis is fundamentally different from the current, predominate view of TOR as a direct transducer of extracellular biotic and abiotic signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eltschinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Robbie.Loewith@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loewith
mesh_terms: D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D048429:Cell Size; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D015003:Yeasts
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Target Of Rapamycin (TOR); eisosome; growth; homeostasis; membrane tension; osmotic control; sphingolipid