title: Rat Palatability Study for Taste Assessment of Caffeine Citrate Formulation Prepared via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology.
abstract: Developing a pediatric oral formulation with an age-appropriate dosage form and taste masking of naturally bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are key challenges for formulation scientists. Several techniques are used for taste masking of bitter APIs to improve formulation palatability; however, not all the techniques are applicable to pediatric dosage forms because of the limitations on the kind and concentration of the excipients that can be used. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology is used successfully for taste masking of bitter APIs and overcomes some of the limitations of the existing taste-masking techniques. Likewise, analytical taste assessment is an important quality control parameter evaluated by several in vivo and in vitro methods, such as the human taste panel, electrophysiological methods, electronic sensor, and animal preference tests to aid in selecting a taste-masked formulation. However, the most appropriate in vivo method to assess the taste-masking efficacy of pediatric formulations remains unknown because it is not known to what extent the human taste panel/electronic tongue can predict the palatability in the pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to develop taste-masked caffeine citrate extrudates via HME and to demonstrate the wide applicability of a single bottle-test rat model to record and compare the volume consumed of the taste-masked solutions to that of the pure API. Thus, this rat model can be considered as a low-cost alternative taste-assessment method to the most commonly used expensive human taste panel/electronic tongue method for pediatric formulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Roshan V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Polk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Hemlata
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Xingyou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Manjeet B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pimparade
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA. marepka@olemiss.edu.|Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA. marepka@olemiss.edu.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Repka
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D062609:Electronic Nose; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D011786:Quality Control; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D005079:Excipients; D012996:Solutions; D002110:Caffeine; C026189:caffeine citrate
keywords: caffeine citrate; hot-melt extrusion; pediatric; rat model (single bottle test); taste masking