title: Exopolysaccharide from Trichoderma pseudokoningii induces the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
abstract: In this study, we reported the anticancer efficacy of exopolysaccharide (EPS) derived from Trichoderma pseudokoningii, on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Our results showed that EPS inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and induced lactic dehydrogenase release by inducing apoptosis and cell arrest at S phase. Further study revealed that EPS-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was associated with alteration of nuclear morphology, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Sequentially, EPS increased the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner; however, caspase-8 remained intact. Western blot analysis revealed that EPS increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and promoted the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Taken together, these findings provided evidence that EPS induced the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through an intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and that EPS may therefore be considered as an effective adjuvant agent against human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
authors.forename: Guozheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.
authors.forename: Yanghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. Electronic address: lhx900@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Huixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. Electronic address: ksc313@126.com.
authors.forename: Kaoshan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Apoptosis; Cell cycle arrest; DCFH-DA (PubChem CID: 77718); Dimethyl sulfoxide (PubChem CID: 679); Exopolysaccharide; Hoechst 33258 (PubChem CID: 5491656); Human breast cancer; JC-1 (PubChem CID: 5492929); Propidium iodide (PubChem CID: 104981); Trichoderma pseudokoningii