title: Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: An analytical technique to understand therapeutic responses at the molecular level.
abstract: Rapid monitoring of the response to treatment in cancer patients is essential to predict the outcome of the therapeutic regimen early in the course of the treatment. The conventional methods are laborious, time-consuming, subjective and lack the ability to study different biomolecules and their interactions, simultaneously. Since; mechanisms of cancer and its response to therapy is dependent on molecular interactions and not on single biomolecules, an assay capable of studying molecular interactions as a whole, is preferred. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has become a popular technique in the field of cancer therapy with an ability to elucidate molecular interactions. The aim of this study, was to explore the utility of the FTIR technique along with multivariate analysis to understand whether the method has the resolution to identify the differences in the mechanism of therapeutic response. Towards achieving the aim, we utilized the mouse xenograft model of retinoblastoma and nanoparticle mediated targeted therapy. The results indicate that the mechanism underlying the response differed between the treated and untreated group which can be elucidated by unique spectral signatures generated by each group. The study establishes the efficiency of non-invasive, label-free and rapid FTIR method in assessing the interactions of nanoparticles with cellular macromolecules towards monitoring the response to cancer therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nano biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, India.|Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong campus, VIC 3216, Australia.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalmodia
authors.affiliation: Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, India.
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parameswaran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong campus, VIC 3216, Australia.
authors.forename: Wenrong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong campus, VIC 3216, Australia.
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Nano biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, India.
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000737:chemistry; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D006046:Gold; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2