title: Methodology for the development of normative data for ten Spanish-language neuropsychological tests in eleven Latin American countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Within the field of neuropsychology, there is a significant lack of normative data for individuals in Latin America.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the methodology utilized to obtain the data and create norms for 10 Spanish-language neuropsychological tests administered in 11 Latin-American countries in a sample of 3,977 healthy individuals between the ages 18 and 90.
  
  
  METHODS
  The same data manipulation process was applied to the data collected (regardless of the scale or country) using a regression-based procedure that takes into account sex, age, and educational influences on neuropsychological test scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following this procedure, we were able to generate age, education, and sex (if relevant) based norms for each test in each of the 11 countries studied. These norms are presented in the 10 articles that comprise this special issue.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Facultat de Psicologia, Institut de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i Conducta, Universitat de Barcelona, España, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guàrdia-Olmos
authors.affiliation: Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Facultat de Psicologia, Institut de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i Conducta, Universitat de Barcelona, España, Spain.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peró-Cebollero
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007843:Latin America; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Latin America; Psychometric; neuropsychological tests; norms