title: Predicting sleepiness during an awake craniotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An awake craniotomy is a safe neurological surgical technique that minimizes the risk of brain damage. During the course of this surgery, the patient is asked to perform motor or cognitive tasks, but some patients exhibit severe sleepiness. Thus, the present study investigated the predictive value of a patient's preoperative neuropsychological background in terms of sleepiness during an awake craniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with brain tumor who underwent awake craniotomy were included in this study. Prior to craniotomy, the patient evaluated cognitive status, and during the surgery, each patient's performance and attitude toward cognitive tasks were recorded by neuropsychologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present findings showed that the construction and calculation abilities of the patients were moderately correlated with their sleepiness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the preoperative cognitive functioning of patients was related to their sleepiness during the awake craniotomy procedure and that the patients who exhibited sleepiness during an awake craniotomy had previously experienced reduced functioning in the parietal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Literature, Graduate School of Chuo University, 742-1 Higashi-nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan. Electronic address: itoi.chihiro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Itoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Literature, Graduate School of Chuo University, 742-1 Higashi-nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiromitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Literature, Graduate School of Chuo University, 742-1 Higashi-nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Komagome Metropolitan Hospital, 3-18-22 Hon-komagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Komagome Metropolitan Hospital, 3-18-22 Hon-komagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobusada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinoura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Chuo University of Literature, 742-1 Higashi-nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Midorikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D003071:Cognition; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery; D059146:Metastasectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D014851:Wakefulness
keywords: Awake craniotomy; Brain tumor; COGNISTAT; Cognition; Sleepiness