title: The Effect of Alendronate Loaded Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds on Bone Regeneration in a Rat Tibial Defect Model.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of alendronate (Aln) released from biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds. We evaluated the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of Aln/BCP scaffolds using MG-63 cells and the in vivo bone regenerative capability of Aln/BCP scaffolds using a rat tibial defect model with radiography, micro-computed tomography (CT), and histological examination. In vitro studies included the surface morphology of BCP and Aln-loaded BCP scaffolds visualized using field-emission scanning electron microscope, release kinetics of Aln from BCP scaffolds, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and gene expression. The in vitro studies showed that sustained release of Aln from the BCP scaffolds consisted of porous microstructures, and revealed that MG-63 cells cultured on Aln-loaded BCP scaffolds showed significantly increased ALP activity, calcium deposition, and gene expression compared to cells cultured on BCP scaffolds. The in vivo studies using radiograph and histology examination revealed abundant callus formation and bone maturation at the site in the Aln/BCP groups compared to the control group. However, solid bony bridge formation was not observed at plain radiographs until 8 weeks. Micro-CT analysis revealed that bone mineral density and bone formation volume were increased over time in an Aln concentration-dependent manner. These results suggested that Aln/BCP scaffolds have the potential for controlling the release of Aln and enhance bone formation and mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rare Diseases and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea. kwpark77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rare Diseases and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea. ofeel0479@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Pil
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rare Diseases and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea. sekim10@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rare Diseases and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea. songhae@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hae-Ryong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D019386:Alendronate
keywords: alendronate; biphasic calcium phosphate; bone formation; scaffold