title: Diagnostic Reference Levels of CT Radiation Dose in Whole-Body PET/CT.
abstract: The role of CT in PET/CT imaging includes acquisition techniques for diagnostic, anatomic localization, and attenuation correction purposes. Diagnostic reference levels of the volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) are available for dedicated CT procedures on selected body regions, but similar reference levels for whole-body CT used in PET/CT examinations are limited. This work reports CTDIvol values from sites that conduct whole-body oncologic PET/CT examinations and participated in the scanner validation program of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Clinical Trials Network.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2010 to 2014, a total of 154 sites submitted CT acquisition parameters used in their clinical (18)F-FDG PET/CT oncology protocols. From these parameters, the CTDIvol was estimated using the ImPACT CTDI dosimetry tables. Histograms of CTDIvol values were created for each year, and descriptive statistics, including mean, median, and 75th percentile, were reported. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine whether significant differences occurred between reporting years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A wide range of technical parameters was reported, most notably in tube current. Between 2010 and 2014, the median CTDIvol ranged from 4.9 to 6.2 mGy and the 75th percentile from 9.7 to 10.2 mGy. There was no significant change in CTDIvol between reporting years (repeated-measures ANOVA, P = 0.985).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 75th percentile CTDIvol reported in this work was 9.8 mGy averaged over all reporting years. These data provide a resource for establishing CTDIvol reference values specific to performing CT in PET/CT whole-body examinations. The wide ranges of CT acquisition parameters reported by sites suggest that CTDIvol reference levels may be beneficial for optimization of CT protocols.
authors.affiliation: Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Ngoneh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jallow
authors.affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia jnye@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nye
mesh_terms: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012015:Reference Standards; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: CTDI; PET/CT; dosimetry