title: Polysaccharide-based antibiofilm surfaces.
abstract: Surface treatment by natural or modified polysaccharide polymers is a promising means to fight against implant-associated biofilm infections. The present review focuses on polysaccharide-based coatings that have been proposed over the last ten years to impede biofilm formation on material surfaces exposed to bacterial contamination. Anti-adhesive and bactericidal coatings are considered. Besides classical hydrophilic coatings based on hyaluronic acid and heparin, the promising anti-adhesive properties of the algal polysaccharide ulvan are underlined. Surface functionalization by antimicrobial chitosan and derivatives is extensively surveyed, in particular chitosan association with other polysaccharides in layer-by-layer assemblies to form both anti-adhesive and bactericidal coatings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial contamination of surfaces, leading to biofilm formation, is a major problem in fields as diverse as medicine, first, but also food and cosmetics. Many prophylactic strategies have emerged to try to eliminate or reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on surfaces of materials exposed to bacterial contamination, in particular implant materials. Polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature. A number of these natural polymers display antibiofilm properties. Hence, surface treatment by natural or modified polysaccharides is a promising means to fight against implant-associated biofilm infections. The present manuscript is an in-depth look at polysaccharide-based antibiofilm surfaces that have been proposed over the last ten years. This review, which is a novelty compared to published literature, will bring well documented and updated information to readers of Acta Biomaterialia.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 6270, PBS Laboratory, Normandie Univ, UR, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France. Electronic address: guy-alain.junter@univ-rouen.fr.
authors.forename: Guy-Alain
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Junter
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 6270, PBS Laboratory, Normandie Univ, UR, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thébault
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 6270, PBS Laboratory, Normandie Univ, UR, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lebrun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Bacterial adhesion; Bactericidal coating; Biomaterial; Chitosan; Surface functionalization