title: Associations Between Anxiety Sensitivity, Negative Affect, and Smoking During a Self-Guided Smoking Cessation Attempt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxiety sensitivity (AS), defined as the extent to which individuals believe anxiety and internal sensations have harmful consequences, is associated with the maintenance and relapse of smoking. Yet, little is known about how AS interplays with negative affect during the quit process in terms of smoking behavior. To address this gap, the current study examined the dynamic interplay between AS, negative affect, and smoking lapse behavior during the course of a self-guided (unaided) quit attempt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four participants (33.3% female; M age = 34.6, SD = 13.8) completed ecological momentary assessment procedures, reporting on negative affect and smoking status via a handheld computer device, three times per day for the initial 14 days of the self-guided cessation attempt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, a significant interaction was observed, such that participants characterized by high levels of AS were at a higher risk of smoking on days when negative affect was high (relative to low). Results also revealed a significant interaction between AS and daily smoking lapse behavior in terms of daily change in negative affect. Participants characterized by high levels of AS reported significant increases in same-day negative affect on days when they endorsed smoking relative to days they endorsed abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides novel information about the nature of AS, negative affect, and smoking behavior during a quit attempt. Results suggest there is a need for specialized intervention strategies to enhance smoking outcome among this high-risk group that will meet their unique "affective needs."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study underscores the importance of developing specialized smoking cessation interventions for smokers with emotional vulnerabilities.
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; kirstenjlangdon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kirsten J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI;
authors.forename: Samantha G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ;
authors.forename: Camilla S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Øverup
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012648:Self Care; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult