title: Pretreatment of parecoxib attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies showed that cyclooxygenase(COX) was involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. Parecoxib, a selective inhibitor for COX -2, has been shown to have protective properties in reducing I/R injury in the heart, kidney and brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of parecoxib on hepatic I/R and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham-operation (Sham) group, the hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, and the parecoxib pretreated I/R (I/R + Pare) group. Partial warm ischemia was produced in the left and middle hepatic lobes of Sprague-Dawley rats for 60 min, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Rats in the I/R + Pare group received parecoxib (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally twice a day for three consecutive days prior to ischemia. Blood and tissue samples from the groups were collected 6 h after reperfusion, and a survival study was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with parecoxib prior to I/R insult significantly reduced I/R-induced elevations of aminotransferases, and significantly improved the histological status of the liver. Parecoxib significantly suppressed inflammatory cascades, as demonstrated by attenuations in TNF-α and IL-6. Parecoxib significantly inhibited iNOS and nitrotyrosine expression after I/R and significantly attenuated I/R-induced apoptosis. The 7-day survival rate was increased by pre-administration of parecoxib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of parecoxib prior to hepatic I/R attenuates hepatic injury through inhibition of inflammatory response and nitrosative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Organ transplantation center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. 13719198392@139.com.
authors.forename: Kang-Qing
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. huangwenqimzk@163.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Qi
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; C409945:parecoxib