title: Levels of bacterial contamination in fresh extraction sites after a saline rinse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of bacterial contamination in immediate implantation or augmentation sites vs pristine bone, before and after saline rinses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial samples were taken from fresh extraction sites (17 patients) and pristine bone (15 patients) before performing implant dentistry surgical procedures. Levels of bacterial contamination were estimated before and after saline rinses. Samples from the socket were placed on an agar plate for total bacterial account and on selective plates for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of bacterial contamination before saline rinse was 1.2 × 10(4) units of bacterial colony (CFU)/mL in fresh extraction sites (study group) and 5 × 10(2) CFU/mL in pristine bone sites (control group). After a saline rinse, the bacterial level was lowered significantly to 5.2 × 10(3) CFU/mL in the study group and to zero in the control group (P < .05). Levels of bacterial contamination were higher in the mandibular sockets (7.5 × 10(3) CFU/ml) than in the maxillary sockets (5.6 × 10(3) CFU/mL), and the difference was statistically significant (P = .034). All implanted/augmented fresh or pristine sites survived in the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fresh extraction sockets with clinical signs of infection show bacterial presence. Pristine bone shows a lower bacterial level. Saline rinse in addition to a decontamination protocol may reduce the level of bacterial contamination significantly both in fresh extraction sites and pristine bone.
authors.forename: Yifat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkasem
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mardinger
authors.forename: Gavriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaushu
authors.forename: Ronit Bar-Ness
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Greenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012965:Sodium Chloride