title: [Formula: see text]Working memory and behavioral inhibition in boys with ADHD: An experimental examination of competing models.
abstract: Working memory (WM) and behavioral inhibition impairments have garnered significant attention as candidate core features, endophenotypes, and/or associated neurocognitive deficits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The relationship between ADHD-related WM and inhibition deficits remains relatively unclear, however, with inferences about the constructs' directional relationship stemming predominantly from correlational research. The current study utilized a dual-task paradigm to experimentally examine the relationship between ADHD-related WM and behavioral inhibition deficits. A total of 31 boys (15 ADHD and 16 typically developing [TD]) aged 8-12 years completed WM (1-back and 2-back), behavioral inhibition (stop-signal task [SST]), and dual-condition (1-back/SST and 2-back/SST) experimental tasks. Children with ADHD exhibited significant, large-magnitude WM deficits for the 1-back condition but were not significantly different from children in the TD group for the 2-back, 1-back/SST, and 2-back/SST conditions. Children with ADHD also exhibited significant inhibition deficits for the SST, 1-back/SST, and 2-back/SST conditions, but the within-group effect was not significant. The findings suggest that ADHD-related stop-signal demands are upstream, or compete for, resources involved in controlled-focused attention and/or other central executive (CE), WM processes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA.
authors.forename: R Matt
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Alderson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA.
authors.forename: Connor H G
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Patros
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tarle
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA.
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hudec
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lea
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D056344:Executive Function; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: ADHD; behavioral inhibition; executive function; models; working memory