title: Transglutaminase inhibitors: a patent review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transglutaminases (TGases) are a class of enzymes that play multifunctional roles. Their protein-crosslinking activity has been linked to fibrosis and Huntington's disease, their glutamine deamidation activity has been related to celiac disease and their GTP-binding activity has been implicated in cancer. All of these physiological disorders have prompted the development of inhibitors, which has accelerated dramatically over the past decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review presents an overview of TGase inhibitors published in the patent literature, from the first compounds developed in the late 1980's, to the current date. This article is focussed on the chemical structure of new inhibitors and their probable mechanism of action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of effective TGase inhibitors reveals common structural features that may guide future design. Many of these elements are embodied in the first TGase inhibitor to recently enter into clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Keillor
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada.
authors.forename: Kim Y P
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Apperley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011503:Transglutaminases
keywords: Factor XIII; Huntington’s disease; TG2; cancer; celiac disease; fibrosis; inhibitors; transglutaminase