title: Genetic variation in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TSPO and BDNF and response to duloxetine or placebo treatment in major depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated polymorphisms of five inflammatory-related genes for association with duloxetine and placebo response in patients with major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty SNPs in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TSPO and BDNF were genotyped in major depressive disorder patients treated with either duloxetine (n = 215) or placebo (n = 235) for up to 8 weeks. Treatment response was measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 variants rs2066992 and rs10242595 were nominally associated with response to duloxetine (p = 0.047 and p = 0.028, respectively). Notably, the variant rs2066992 was also associated with placebo response (p = 0.026). However, none of our results remained significant after correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings tentatively suggest that IL-6 variants play a role in duloxetine and placebo response, which warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maciukiewicz
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Victoria S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Marshe
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: Trehani M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fonseka
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rotzinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada.
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Sidney H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.|Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018079:Receptors, GABA; C499229:TSPO protein, human; C579455:BDNF protein, human; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride
keywords: BDNF; IL-6; TSPO; cytokines; depression; duloxetine; inflammation; placebo; treatment response