title: Bacterial prostatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The review provides the infectious disease community with a urologic perspective on bacterial prostatitis. Specifically, the article briefly reviews the categorization of prostatitis by type and provides a distillation of new findings published on bacterial prostatitis over the past year. It also highlights key points from the established literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional prostate imaging is becoming more common and may lead to more incidental diagnoses of acute bacterial prostatitis. As drug resistance remains problematic in this condition, the reemergence of older antibiotics such as fosfomycin, has proven beneficial. With regard to chronic bacterial prostatitis, no clear clinical risk factors emerged in a large epidemiological study. However, bacterial biofilm formation has been associated with more severe cases. Surgery has a limited role in bacterial prostatitis and should be reserved for draining of a prostatic abscess or the removal of infected prostatic stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostatitis remains a common and bothersome clinical condition. Antibiotic therapy remains the basis of treatment for both acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis. Further research into improving prostatitis treatment is indicated.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute bLerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Shoskes
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents