title: Association Between the Plasma Levels of Mediators of Inflammation With Pain and Disability in the Elderly With Acute Low Back Pain: Data From the Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE)-Brazil Study.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional study with subsample of elderly women with acute low back pain (LBP), from Back Complaints in the Elders-Brazil (BACE-Brazil)
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between plasma levels of mediators of inflammation (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1)) with pain and disability experienced by elderly women with acute LBP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Among the elderly, LBP is a complaint of great importance and can lead to disability. Inflammatory cytokines are elevated in painful conditions, and may promote pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 155 community-dwelling elderly women (age ≥ 65 yr), who presented with a new (acute) episode of LBP. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure TNF-α, sTNF-R1, IL-1β, and IL-6. Disability was assessed using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; pain was assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Linear regression models were fit with each pain and disability outcome as dependent variables: Present Pain Intensity; Qualities of pain; Severity of pain in the last week; LBP frequency and disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms and IL-6 were associated and explained 20.9% of "qualities of pain" variability. TNF-α, sTNFR1, education, body mass index, and depressive symptoms explained 8.4% of "Severity of pain in the past week" variability. TNF-α, education, BMI, depressive symptoms, present pain intensity, qualities of pain, and LBP frequency explained 48.6% of "disability." No associations between inflammatory cytokines and "present pain intensity" and "LBP frequency" were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate associations between inflammatory markers (TNF-α and sTNFR1) and pain severity, IL-6 was associated with the qualities of pain, and TNF-α was also associated with disability. These inflammatory mediators represent new markers to be considered in the assessment and treatment of elderly patients with LBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  5.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Physical Therapy, Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil‡Professor Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil§Professors Department of Physical Therapy, Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara Zille
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: de Queiroz
authors.forename: Daniele Sirineu
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Renata Antunes
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Diogo Carvalho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.forename: Juscelio Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Nayza Maciel de Britto
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: João Marcos Domingues
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Rosângela Correa
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Lygia Paccini
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Lustosa
authors.forename: Leani Souza Máximo
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators