title: Protective effect of chorioamnionitis on the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia triggered by postnatal systemic inflammation in neonatal rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal or postnatal systemic inflammation can contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We investigated whether prenatal intra-amniotic (i.a.) inflammation or early postnatal systemic inflammation can induce BPD in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  One microgram of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle was injected into the amniotic sacs 2 d before delivery (E20). After birth, 0.25 mg/kg of LPS or vehicle was injected into the peritoneum of pups on postnatal day (P)1, P3, and P5. On P7 and P14, peripheral blood (PB), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue were obtained and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postnatal i.p. injections of LPS significantly increased neutrophil counts in PB and BALF on P7 and P14. Similarly, proinflammatory cytokine and angiogenic factor transcript levels were increased in the lung by i.p. LPS on P7. Alveolar and pulmonary vascular development was markedly disrupted by i.p. LPS on P14. However, pretreatment with i.a. LPS significantly negated the detrimental effects of postnatal i.p. LPS on PB and BALF neutrophil counts and on lung proinflammatory cytokine expression and histopathological changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to early postnatal systemic LPS induces BPD, an arrest in alveolarization, in neonatal rats. Preceding exposure to i.a. LPS protects the lungs against BPD triggered by postnatal systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Won
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-0253
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Juyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Beyong Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005865:Gestational Age; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D011247:Pregnancy; D065840:Protective Factors; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides