title: We are also interested in how fathers feel: a qualitative exploration of child health center nurses' recognition of postnatal depression in fathers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To become a parent is an emotionally life-changing experience. Paternal depression during the postnatal period has been associated with emotional and behavioral problems in children. The condition has predominantly been related to mothers, and the recognition of paternal postnatal depression (PND) has been paid less attention to. PND in fathers may be difficult to detect. However, nurses in pediatric services meet a lot of fathers and are in a position to detect a father who is suffering from PND. Therefore, the aim of this study was (a) to explore Child Health Center nurses' experiences of observing depression in fathers during the postnatal period; and (b) to explore hindrances of observing these fathers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Ten nurses were interviewed in 2014. A thematic data analysis was performed and data were analyzed for meaning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paternal PND was experienced as being vague and difficult to detect. Experiences of fathers with such problems were limited, and it was hard to grasp the health status of the fathers, something which was further complicated when routines were lacking or when gender attitudes influenced the daily work of the nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study contributes to an increased awareness of hindrances to the recognition of PND in fathers. The importance to detect all signals of paternal health status in fathers suffering from PND needs to be acknowledged. Overall, more attention needs to be paid to PND in fathers where a part of the solution for this is that they are screened just like the mothers.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Box 408, Skövde, SE-541 28, Sweden. kina.hammarlund@his.se.
authors.forename: Kina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hammarlund
authors.affiliation: Home healthcare, Falköping Municipality, Falköping, Sweden. emilie.andersson@falkoping.se.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Primary healthcare, Vara, Sweden. hanna.tenenbaum@vgregion.se.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Box 408, Skövde, SE-541 28, Sweden. annelie.johansson.sundler@his.se.|Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden. annelie.johansson.sundler@his.se.
authors.forename: Annelie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sundler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing; D008875:Middle Aged; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research