title: Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy on Acute Unilateral Stroke Patients: Initial Observations regarding Differences between Sides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrical Bioimpedance Cerebral Monitoring is assessment in real time of health of brain tissue through study of passive dielectric properties of brain. During the last two decades theory and technology have been developed in parallel with animal experiments aiming to confirm feasibility of using bioimpedance-based technology for prompt detection of brain damage. Here, for the first time, we show that electrical bioimpedance measurements for left and right hemispheres are significantly different in acute cases of unilateral stroke within 24 hours from onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrical BIS measurements have been taken in healthy volunteers and patients suffering from acute stroke within 24 hours of onset. BIS measurements have been obtained using SFB7 bioimpedance spectrometer manufactured by Impedimed ltd. and 4-electrode method. Measurement electrodes, current, and voltage have been placed according to 10-20 EEG system obtaining mutual BIS measurements from 4 different channels situated in pairs symmetrically from the midsagittal line. Obtained BIS data has been analyzed, assessing for symmetries and differences regarding healthy control data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7 out of 10 patients for Side-2-Side comparisons and 8 out 10 for central/lateral comparison presented values outside the range defined by healthy control group. When combined only 1 of 10 patients exhibited values within the healthy range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If these initial observations are confirmed with more patients, we can foresee emerging of noninvasive monitoring technology for brain damage with the potential to lead to paradigm shift in treatment of brain stroke and traumatic brain damage.
authors.affiliation: School of Technology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden ; School of Engineering, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seoane
authors.affiliation: School of Technology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Seyed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reza Atefi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, R54, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Unit, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, R54, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Unit, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro-Angiological Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostulas
authors.affiliation: School of Technology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, 46 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindecrantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*