title: Validating the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) in child welfare organizations.
abstract: There is increasing emphasis on the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in child welfare settings and growing recognition of the importance of the organizational environment, and the organization's climate in particular, for how employees perceive and support EBP implementation. Recently, Ehrhart, Aarons, and Farahnak (2014) reported on the development and validation of a measure of EBP implementation climate, the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS), in a sample of mental health clinicians. The ICS consists of 18 items and measures six critical dimensions of implementation climate: focus on EBP, educational support for EBP, recognition for EBP, rewards for EBP, selection or EBP, and selection for openness. The goal of the current study is to extend this work by providing evidence for the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the ICS in a sample of child welfare service providers. Survey data were collected from 215 child welfare providers across three states, 12 organizations, and 43 teams. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit to the six-factor model and the alpha reliabilities for the overall measure and its subscales was acceptable. In addition, there was general support for the invariance of the factor structure across the child welfare and mental health sectors. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the ICS measure for use in child welfare service organizations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ehrhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elisa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Aarons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D000068216:Child Protective Services / Q000592:standards*; D002669:Child Welfare; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009825:Oklahoma; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D016134:Organizational Policy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Evidence-based practice; Implementation climate; Measurement; Organizational climate; Organizational context