title: Therapeutic effects of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells or mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood on infarct repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study sought to systematically investigate the derivation of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (late EPC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and to examine their therapeutic effects on myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of angiogenic genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in rats, and cells were directly transplanted into the border regions of ischemic heart tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Culture of UCB mononuclear cells yielded two distinct types of cells by morphology after 2 weeks in the same culture conditions. These cells were identified as late EPC and MSC, and each was intramyocardially injected into rat hearts after induction of MI. Echocardiography and histologic analyses demonstrated that both EPC and MSC improved cardiac function and enhanced vascularization, although fibrosis was reduced only in the EPC transplanted hearts. Different paracrine factors were enriched in EPC and MSC. However, once injected into the hearts, they induced similar types of paracrine factors in the heart. Transplanted EPC or MSC were mostly localized at the perivascular areas. This study demonstrated that EPC and MSC can be simultaneously derived from UCB under the same initial culture conditions, and that common paracrine factors are involved in the repair of MI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late EPC and MSC are effective for infarct repair, apparently mediated through common humoral mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Whan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Lian
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sinyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yangsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: Hyunok1019@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hyun Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yyoon5@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Young-sup
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Angiogenesis; Late outgrowing endothelial progenitor cells; Mesenchymal stem cells; Umbilical cord blood