title: Temporal stability and responsiveness of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment following acquired brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the temporal stability and responsiveness of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in acquired brain injury (ABI).
  
  
  METHODS
  English-speaking adults with stroke or moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury were administered alternate forms of the MoCA (version 1, then 2), 6 weeks apart. Chronic group participants (n = 40) were community-dwelling, at least 1 year post-ABI (mean = 12.1 years, SD = 9.0), and presumed clinically stable. Sub-acute group participants (n = 36) were 30.8 days post-ABI (SD = 12.4) and were undergoing intensive rehabilitation. Individuals with an unstable medical or psychiatric condition or severe receptive aphasia were not eligible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chronic group scored 21.6 (SD = 4.5) initially and 22.7 (SD = 3.8) on the second administration, demonstrating a small but significant practise effect (p = 0.009). The Pearson test-re-test correlation coefficient was 0.83. Using reliable change methodology in the chronic group, the 80% confidence interval (CI) for change across the two administrations was -2 to +4, adjusting for practise. Applied to the sub-acute group, 39% improved and 0% declined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MoCA is a brief standardized tool that appears useful for monitoring cognitive change after ABI. The findings enable clinicians to detect statistically reliable change across serial MoCA administrations in individuals with an ABI.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada .
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: b Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada .|c G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada .
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: c G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada .
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada .|c G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada .
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeForge
authors.affiliation: d Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .|e Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital , Boston , MA , USA , and.|f Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program , Boston , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.affiliation: a Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada .|c G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre , Vancouver , BC , Canada .
authors.forename: Noah D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Silverberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Brain injuries; cognition disorders; neuropsychological tests; psychometrics; stroke