title: Vitrification by Cryotop and the Maturation, Fertilization, and Developmental Rates of Mouse Oocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oocyte cryopreservation is an important part of modern fertility treatment. The effect of vitrification on the fertilization and developmental rates of embryo is still a matter of debate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitrification on the success of mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization, and preimplantation development in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, a total of 200 germinal vesicle (GV) and 200 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were obtained from ovaries and fallopian tubes of NMRI mice, respectively and divided into two control and experimental (vitrified) groups. Oocytes in the experimental group were vitrified by Cryotop using vitrification medium (Origio, Denmark) and kept in liquid nitrogen for one month. Then, they were cultured in maturation medium for 24 hours. In vitro maturated metaphase 2 (IVM-MII) and ovulated metaphase 2 (OV-MII) oocytes were inseminated and the fertilized embryos assessed until the hatching blastocyst stage. Outcomes were assessed for statistical significance by Chi-square test using SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitrification caused a significant reduction in the maturation rate of oocytes. Of those that matured, the fertilization rate of vitrified IVM-MII (44.1%) and OV-MII oocytes (50%) was not significantly different from each other but both were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in developmental rates of both vitrified groups and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that vitrification using Cryotop and freezing medium can damage oocytes by reducing the maturation and fertilization rates in both developmental stages.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abedpour
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran ; Fertility and Infertility Research Centre, Kosar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rajaei
keywords: Cryotop; Developmental Rate; Fertilization; Maturation; Oocyte; Vitrification