title: Preoperative endoscopic diagnosis of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors, including magnifying endoscopy.
abstract: Superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumor (SNADET) is defined as a sporadic tumor that is confined to the mucosa or submucosa that does not arise from Vater's papilla, and it includes adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Recent developments in endoscopic technology, such as high-resolution endoscopy and image-enhanced endoscopy, may increase the chances of detecting SNADET lesions. However, because SNADET is rare, little is known about its preoperative endoscopic diagnosis. The use of endoscopic resection for SNADET, which has no risk of metastasis, is increasing, but the incidence of complications, such as perforation, is significantly higher than in any other part of the digestive tract. A preoperative diagnosis is required to distinguish between lesions that should be followed up and those that require treatment. Retrospective studies have revealed certain endoscopic findings that suggest malignancy. In recent years, several new imaging modalities have been developed and explored for real-time diagnosis of these lesion types. Establishing an endoscopic diagnostic tool to differentiate between adenoma and adenocarcinoma in SNADET lesions is required to select the most appropriate treatment. This review describes the current state of knowledge about preoperative endoscopic diagnosis of SNADETs, such as duodenal adenoma and duodenal adenocarcinoma. Newer endoscopic techniques, including magnifying endoscopy, may help to guide these diagnostics, but their additional advantages remain unclear, and further studies are required to clarify these issues.
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetsugu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doyama
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuyama
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayanagi
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurumaya
authors.affiliation: Shigetsugu Tsuji, Hisashi Doyama, Kunihiro Tsuji, Kei Tominaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Kenichi Takemura, Shinya Yamada, Toshihide Okada, Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Duodenal neoplasms; Duodenoscopy; Endoscopy; Narrow band imaging; Pathology