title: Predictive value of pretreatment inflammation-based prognostic scores (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio) for invasive bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation-based prognostic scores including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are associated with oncologic outcomes in diverse malignancies. We evaluated the predictive value of pretreatment prognostic scores in differentiating nonmuscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) cases from January 2011 to December 2013 were analysed retrospectively. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics and prognostic scores results were recorded. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine prognostic score cutoffs. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between variables and MIBC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 226 patients were included, with 175 and 51 having NMIBC (stages Ta and T1) and MIBC (stage T2+) groups, respectively. Median age was 75 years and 174 patients were male. The NLR cutoff was 3.89 and had the greatest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.710, followed by LMR (cutoff<1.7; AUC, 0.650) and PLR (cutoff>218; AUC, 0.642). Full blood count samples were taken a median of 12 days prior to TURBT surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumour grade G3 (odds ration [OR], 32.848; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.818-109.902; p=0.000), tumour size≥3 cm (OR, 3.353; 95% CI, 1.347-8.345; p=0.009) and NLR≥3.89 (OR, 8.244; 95% CI, 2.488-27.316; p=0.001) as independent predictors of MIBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NLR may provide a simple, cost-effective and easily measured marker for MIBC. It can be performed at the time of diagnostic flexible cystoscopy, thereby assisting in the planning of further treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Southend University Hospital, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK.
authors.forename: Su-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.
authors.forename: Giles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellawell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010976:Platelet Count; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Blood platelets; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Urinary bladder neoplasms