title: Identification of a major Quantitative Trait Locus determining resistance to the organophosphate temephos in the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.
abstract: Organophosphate insecticides (OP) have extensively been used to control mosquitoes, such as the vector Aedes aegypti. Unfortunately, OP resistance has hampered control programs worldwide. We used Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping to evaluate temephos resistance in two F1 intercross populations derived from crosses between a resistant Ae. aegypti strain (RecR) and two susceptible strains (MoyoD and Red). A single major effect QTL was identified on chromosome 2 of both segregating populations, named rtt1 (resistance to temephos 1). Bioinformatics analyses identified a cluster of carboxylesterase genes (CCE) within the rtt1 interval. qRT-PCR demonstrated that different CCEs were up-regulated in F2 resistant individuals from both crosses. However, none exceeded the 2-fold expression. Primary mechanisms for temephos resistance may vary between Ae. aegypti populations, yet also appear to support previous findings suggesting that multiple linked esterase genes may contribute to temephos resistance in the RecR strain as well as other populations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da UFPE - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE50740-465, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Rodovia BR-104, km 59, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE 55002-970, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA. Electronic address: marcelohspaiva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcelo H S
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA. Electronic address: lovin.1@nd.edu.
authors.forename: Diane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Lovin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA. Electronic address: Akio.Mori.3@nd.edu.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da UFPE - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE50740-465, Brazil. Electronic address: mavarjal@cpqam.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Maria A V
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Melo-Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5645, USA. Electronic address: dseverso@nd.edu.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Severson
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Campus da UFPE - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE50740-465, Brazil. Electronic address: tans@cpqam.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Constância F J
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ayres
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D000002:Temefos / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000002:Temefos
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Carboxylesterases; Insecticide resistance; Organophosphate resistance; QTL