title: The effect of meta coupling on colour purity, quantum yield, and exciton utilizing efficiency in deep-blue emitters from phenanthroimidazole isomers.
abstract: meta-Coupling isomers usually exhibit bluer emission than do the para-isomers, but the loss of efficiency with respect to photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) is an inevitable result in most cases, particularly for deep blue emitters. In this study, three blue emitting isomers, 4,4'-bis(1-phenyl-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (BPPI), 3,4'-bis(1-phenyl-phenanthro[9,10-d]-imidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (L-BPPI) and 3,3'-bis(1-phenyl-phenanthro[9,10-d]-imidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (Z-BPPI), were chosen as model compounds to investigate the essential reason behind the meta-coupling effect due to their different coupling forms, viz. para-para, para-meta, and meta-meta, respectively, in similar dimeric phenanthroimidazole frameworks. A combination of detailed photophysical data, device performance and DFT calculations for the excited state provided valuable information. In particular, the relationship between certain key parameters in calculations as well as PL or EL properties was confirmed, such as oscillator strength and quantum yield, among others, which could effectively reduce the issues related to synthesis and characterisation using prior computer simulations. Good agreement was observed in the results obtained from calculation and experiments, and it was concluded that meta-tuning barely realised improvement in EL, unless some special excited states formed or an exciton conversion channel appeared, as in the case of reverse intersystem crossing.
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China. wangzhm1983@163.com and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China. wangzhm1983@163.com.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China. wangzhm1983@163.com.
authors.forename: Wanyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shitong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China. wangzhm1983@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China.
authors.forename: Zhenqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China. wangzhm1983@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. pingchen@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen