title: Transcanal Endoscopic Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea Secondary to Congenital Inner Ear Malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the feasibility of using a transcanal endoscopic approach for management of cerebrospinal leaks secondary to congenital inner ear malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two pediatric patients with congenital inner ear malformations and concurrent cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stapedectomy was performed and the inner ear was packed with temporalis muscle using a transcanal endoscopic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cessation of cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the inner ear to the middle ear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An otic capsule malformation with a modiolar defect as well as a defect in the stapes footplate was noted in both patients. Successful repair of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea was achieved in both patients using a minimally invasive transcanal endoscopic approach. One patient developed postoperative meningitis that was successfully managed with antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea from an inner ear malformation often presents as persistent clear otorrhea after tympanostomy tube placement or recurrent meningitis as was the case in the two patients in this series. A minimally invasive transcanal endoscopic approach is a viable alternative to manage this unique entity.
authors.forename: Yann-Fuu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.forename: Vivian F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Joe Walter
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kutz
authors.forename: Ron B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isaacson
mesh_terms: D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D046088:Hearing Loss, Unilateral / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D013199:Stapes / Q000002:abnormalities; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome