title: Fibromyalgia prevalence and related factors in a large registry of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to study its relationship to depression and other SLE-related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional data analysis from the RELESSER-Transversal Spanish Registry, which includes SLE patients in a national multicentre retrospective charts review, was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  patients who fulfilled ≥4 ACR 1997 SLE criteria. Main variables were disease duration, depression, sociodemographics, comorbidities, SLE activity symptoms, serological findings, therapies and different disease status indices. Statistical analyses included a descriptive, associative and logistic regression analyses. A literature review was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3,591 SLE patients were included, 90.1% women, 34.6 years of age at diagnosis (SD 14.6 years) and 93.1% Caucasians. FM prevalence was 6.2%. SLE patients with disease duration >5 years showed more FM than those with duration <5 years: 6.9% vs. 4.0%, respectively (p<0.05). SLE-FM patients showed higher prevalence of depression compared to non-FM-SLE patients: 53.1% vs. 14.6%, respectively (p<0.001). After adjusting by risk factors, the OR (CI) of suffering depression in FM-SLE patients was 6.779 (4.770-9.636), p<0.001. The OR of having secondary Sjögren's 2.447 (1.662-3.604), p<0.001, photosensitivity 2.184 (1.431-3.334), p<0.001, and oral ulcers 1.436 (1.005-2.051), p=0.047.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of FM in Caucasian SLE patients was high compared to the general population, and was significantly higher in those in later stages of disease. SLE patients with depression showed a strong risk of developing FM. Photosensitivity, oral ulcers and secondary Sjögren's were the only SLE-related factors associated with FM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospitalet-Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi University General Hospital, Hospitalet Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. vtorrente@hsjdbcn.org.
authors.forename: Vicenç
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Torrente-Segarra
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-IMIM, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain.
authors.forename: Tarek C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Salman-Monte
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Doctor Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Íñigo
authors.initials: Í
authors.lastname: Rúa-Figueroa
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Spanish Society of Rheumatology, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez-Vicente
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: López-Longo
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galindo-Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calvo-Alén
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Germans Trías i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivé-Marqués
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Clinica POVISA, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibañez-Ruán
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Navarra Hospital, Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Loreto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Horcada
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Atrio
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Salamanca Clinic University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montilla
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, León Hospital, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díez-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinez-Taboada
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Puerta del Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Basurto Hospital, Basurto, Spain.
authors.forename: Olaia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernández-Berrizbeitia
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Insular of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hernández-Beriain
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Tenerife Clinic Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gantes
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángela
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Pecondón-Español
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marras
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pego-Reigosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062072:Patient Acuity; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear