title: Effects of Exercise on Sleep Among Young Women With Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and disturbed sleep are prevalent, debilitating, and frequently comorbid problems for which successful treatment remains limited. Exercise can promote sleep but whether it does among GAD patients is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty sedentary women (18-37y) with a primaryDSM-IVdiagnosis of GAD were randomized to six weeks of resistance (RET) or aerobic exercise training (AET), or waitlist (WL). RET and AET involved twice-weekly sessions of either lower-body weightlifting or leg cycling matched on multiple features of exercise. Outcomes included total sleep time (TST), lights out time, awakening out of bed time, time in bed (TIB), sleep onset latency (SOL), wakefulness after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Hedges'deffect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each exercise condition compared to WL. Regression examined baseline associations between anxiety and sleep and associated change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two of 26 participants reported poor baseline sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5). RET significantly decreased weekend TIB (d=-1.79; [-2.89, -0.70]) and SOL (d=-1.30; [-2.32, -0.28]), and significantly increased weekend sleep efficiency (d=1.30; [0.29,2.32]). AET significantly reduced weekend TIB (d=-1.13; [-2.16, -0.11]) and SOL (d=-1.08; [-2.09, -0.06]). Reduced GAD clinical severity rating was significantly associated with improved weekend sleep efficiency among RET (t6=-3.48,p≤0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term exercise training improves sleep outcomes among GAD patients, especially for RET and weekend sleep. Findings suggest improved sleep may be associated with reduced clinical severity among GAD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, PESS1045, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Herring
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
keywords: Aerobic Exercise Training; Anxiety Disorders; Resistance Exercise Training; Sleep Efficiency; Sleep Onset Latency; Total Sleep Time