title: Response to novelty and cocaine stimulant effects: lack of stability across environments in female Swiss mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In humans, novelty/sensation seeking is seen as a personality trait with a positive relationship with addiction vulnerability. In animal studies, one of the standard procedures to model novelty seeking is the "response to novelty," i.e., the levels of locomotor activity in a new environment. In rodents, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the response to novelty and several effects of drugs, especially the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to test in mice whether the response to novelty is stable across environments and whether its relationship with the stimulant effects of cocaine is altered by environmental changes. Experiment 1 assessed the responses to novelty of the same mice in two different novel environments. Experiment 2 tested the correlation between response to novelty and acute stimulant effects of cocaine recorded in two distinct environments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show a weak correlation only during the first 5 min of the session between the responses to novelty measured in two distinct environments. Experiment 2 demonstrates that novelty responses and stimulant effects of cocaine are positively correlated only when both behavioral responses are measured in the same environment. In contrast, the relationship between response to novelty and acute stimulant effects of cocaine is completely lost when the behavioral responses are recorded in two different environments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results question the usual interpretation of the correlation between the response to novelty and the stimulant effects of cocaine as reflecting a relationship between two underlying individual stable characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Service de psychologie quantitative, Université de Liège, Place des Orateurs, 2/B32, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyssen
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Service de psychologie quantitative, Université de Liège, Place des Orateurs, 2/B32, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brabant
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Service de psychologie quantitative, Université de Liège, Place des Orateurs, 2/B32, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Didone
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Service de psychologie quantitative, Université de Liège, Place des Orateurs, 2/B32, Liège, Belgium. equertemont@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quertemont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Cocaine; Environment; Locomotor activity; Mice; Novelty seeking; Response to novelty