title: Frequency and factors leading to recurrent pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and factors leading to recurrent preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January 2011 to February 2012, and comprised parous subjects <40 years of age with history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancy/pregnancies with singleton pregnancy and gestational age of >20 weeks. Gestational age was determined by early scan with preeclampsia in index pregnancy. Data was collected through a specialised questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 479 patients seen with preeclampsia, 121(25.26%) were of recurrent preeclampsia. The mean age of such patients was 29.7±4.9 years (range: 20-39 years). Further, 84(69.42%) patients were multipara and 40(33.05%) were grand multipara. Mean body mass index was 29.97±6.2 (range: 18-54). Besides, 28(23.14%) patients had gestational diabetes; 7(5.78%) were known diabetics; 24(19.83%) had chronic hypertension; 2(1.7%) patients had chronic renal disease; and 1(0.8%) had connective tissue disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Being over-weight, having gestational diabetes and chronic hypertension were main risk factors leading to recurrent preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit-II, Ward-9, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi.
authors.forename: Mirab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emanuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit-lll, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Recurrent preeclampsia, BMI, Gestational diabetes, Chronic hypertension.