title: Farmers knowledge and perception on maize stem borers and their indigenous control methods in south western region of Cameroon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Agriculture is a major contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Cameroon, The South West region of Cameroon is known for its potential in the production of major agricultural commodities, but farmers' yields from various speculations are low, dwindling over time due to some major constraints. Maize production is hampered by adverse socio-economic factors, several pests and diseases as well as high rainfall with low solar radiation. Lepidopterous maize stem borers are a major threat to increase maize production. Therefore we hypothesized that the farmers of the South West region: (1) also perceived stem borers as an important pest of maize; (2) they have their own indigenous methods of control; (3) they use chemical pesticides because they have no alternative, but would prefer plant materials if these were standardized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A semi-structured questionnaire survey was administered in four villages: Maumu, Lower Bokova, Ekona and Bonduma. A total of 151 (male and female) farmers were randomly interviewed to document farmers' perception on stem borers, and their use of indigenous knowledge to manage key pests of maize.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stem borers were present throughout the maize growing areas in the Fako division and ranked as one of the most important pests of the crop. Most farmers (82.1 %) perceived that stem borers caused significant damage on maize and were responsible for yield reductions in the crop. The increased impact of these pests was due to improper/untimely use of expensive conventional insecticides given the lack of a cheaper alternative method of control. About 50 % of respondent admitted not having any indigenous knowledge of stem borer control, while only 20 % had tried plant products. The most relevant indigenous stem borer control was the use of wood ash. Most (90 %) of the respondent would prefer plant-based insecticides in future because they are safer, cheaper and readily available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Farmers' knowledge would contribute in understanding the activities of stem borers and use of plant insecticides. Research is therefore needed to standardize the methods of using plant-based products and also identify the active ingredients of these plants to ensure their effectiveness against maize stem borers and other pests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. estherobio1@yahoo.com.|Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. estherobio1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Esther Obi
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Oben
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon. ntonifor@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nelson Neba
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ntonifor
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. skekeunou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sevilor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kekeunou
authors.affiliation: Association of South West Agriculturist Rural Development Project (ASWA-RUDEP), Buea, South West Region, Cameroon. aswarudep2010@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Martin Nkwa
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Abbeytakor
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002163:Cameroon; D000067565:Farmers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides