title: Intimate Partner Violence and Current Mental Health Needs Among Female Veterans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) recommends screening female patients for intimate partner violence (IPV), yet few studies inform IPV screening efforts among this population. This study examined the proportion of women who experienced IPV within the past year and the associations between IPV and depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol dependence, mental health multimorbidity (ie, 2 or 3 of these conditions), and military sexual trauma (MST) among female veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional mail survey of 160 female VHA patients with an intimate partner within the past year was conducted in 2012 in New England. Self-reported IPV was assessed using the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream screening tool. The survey also included validated screening measures of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian), alcohol misuse (10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and MST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 37% of women reported IPV within the past year on the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream tool. Odds ratios for the associations between reporting IPV and mental health outcomes ranged between 2.75 and 3.67. With the exception of alcohol dependence, IPV remained strongly associated with mental health conditions when adjusting for MST.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings can increase provider knowledge of the strong connection between past-year IPV and mental health conditions among female veterans. This may encourage IPV screening and facilitate appropriate referrals, treatment conceptualization, and planning within the VHA and other health care settings.
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG). katherine.iverson@va.gov.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
authors.forename: Dawne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
authors.forename: Melissa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dichter
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
authors.forename: S Louisa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimerling
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Street
authors.affiliation: From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Comorbidity; Domestic Violence; Mental Health; Patient Care Team; Screening