title: Dynamic In Vivo SPECT Imaging of Neural Stem Cells Functionalized with Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Tracking of Glioblastoma.
abstract: There is strong clinical interest in using neural stem cells (NSCs) as carriers for targeted delivery of therapeutics to glioblastoma. Multimodal dynamic in vivo imaging of NSC behaviors in the brain is necessary for developing such tailored therapies; however, such technology is lacking. Here we report a novel strategy for mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-facilitated NSC tracking in the brain via SPECT.
  
  
  METHODS
  (111)In was conjugated to MSNs, taking advantage of the large surface area of their unique porous feature. A series of nanomaterial characterization assays was performed to assess the modified MSN. Loading efficiency and viability of NSCs with (111)In-MSN complex were optimized. Radiolabeled NSCs were administered to glioma-bearing mice via either intracranial or systemic injection. SPECT imaging and bioluminescence imaging were performed daily up to 48 h after NSC injection. Histology and immunocytochemistry were used to confirm the findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (111)In-MSN complexes show minimal toxicity to NSCs and robust in vitro and in vivo stability. Phantom studies demonstrate feasibility of this platform for NSC imaging. Of significance, we discovered that decayed (111)In-MSN complexes exhibit strong fluorescent profiles in preloaded NSCs, allowing for ex vivo validation of the in vivo data. In vivo, SPECT visualizes actively migrating NSCs toward glioma xenografts in real time after both intracranial and systemic administrations. This is in agreement with bioluminescence live imaging, confocal microscopy, and histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These advancements warrant further development and integration of this technology with MRI for multimodal noninvasive tracking of therapeutic NSCs toward various brain malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Shih-Hsun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Dou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ramin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Morshed
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanojia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute(s), Taiwan; and.
authors.forename: Leu-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Yureve
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Govind
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Lingjiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Aboody
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Maciej S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lesniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois irinabal@northwestern.edu cchen3@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Chin-Tu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois irinabal@northwestern.edu cchen3@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Balyasnikova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: SPECT; cell tracking; glioma; nanoparticle; neural stem cells