title: The Use of (-)-Sparteine/Organolithium Reagents for the Enantioselective Lithiation of 7,8-Dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene: Single and Double Kinetic Resolution Procedures.
abstract: The effect of organolithium reagent (RLi: R=nBu, iPr, sBu, tBu), solvent (diethyl ether, diethyl ether/THF and MTBE), and stoichiometry on the (-)-sparteine-mediated silylation of 7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene shows that, unusually, substantially more than 0.5 equivalent of RLi (R=iPr, sBu, tBu) and a large excess of (-)-sparteine (R=nBu, sBu) is often needed to achieve substantial conversions and good ee values. With nBuLi, however, just one equivalent of the organolithium reagent is sufficient to obtain high conversions. Our best results were obtained using the convenient tBuLi/(-)-sparteine adduct with which the need for a high (-)-sparteine/RLi ratio can be avoided. Single- and double-kinetic resolution (KR) procedures give enantiopure samples of 2-trimethylsilyl- and 2,13-di(trimethylsilyl)-7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene and two-step double-KR combining (-)-sparteine/sBuLi and chiral formamides affords the synthetically valuable 2-formyl-7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene. This is the first use of (-)-sparteine for the enantioselective lithiation of helicenes and the first report of tBuLi outperforming sBuLi in a (-)-sparteine-mediated procedure.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ (UK).
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doulcet
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ (UK). G.R.Stephenson@uea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: G Richard
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Stephenson
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013034:Sparteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: C000608185:2-formyl-7,8-dipropyltetrathia(7)helicene; C000608176:7,8-diropyltetrathia(7)helicene; D004987:Ethers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; C031660:helicenes; D013034:Sparteine; D008094:Lithium
keywords: (−)-sparteine-mediated lithiation; asymmetric synthesis; double-KR; kinetic resolution; tetrathia[7]helicenes