title: Detection and Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Mammalian Orthoreovirus in Bats in Europe.
abstract: A renewed interest in mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) has emerged since new viruses related to bat MRV type 3, detected in Europe, were identified in humans and pigs with gastroenteritis. This study reports the isolation and characterization of a novel reassortant MRV from the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros). The isolate, here designated BatMRV1-IT2011, was first identified by electron microscopy and confirmed using PCR and virus-neutralization tests. The full genome sequence was obtained by next-generation sequencing. Molecular and antigenic characterizations revealed that BatMRV1-IT2011 belonged to serotype 1, which had not previously been identified in bats. Phylogenetic and recombination detection program analyses suggested that BatMRV1-IT2011 was a reassortant strain containing an S1 genome segment similar to those of MRV T1/bovine/Maryland/Clone23/59 and C/bovine/ Indiana/MRV00304/2014, while other segments were more similar to MRVs of different hosts, origins and serotypes. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against MRVs has also been investigated in animals (dogs, pigs, bovines and horses). Preliminary results suggested that MRVs are widespread in animals and that infections containing multiple serotypes, including MRVs of serotype 1 with an S1 gene similar to BatMRV1-IT2011, are common. This paper extends the current knowledge of MRVs and stresses the importance to continue and improve MRV surveillance in bats and other mammals through the development and standardization of specific diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. davide.lelli@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lelli
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. anamaria.morenomartin@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Andrej.Steyer@mf.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Tina.Naglic@mf.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagliˇc
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. chiara.chiapponi@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiapponi
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. alice.prosperi@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prosperi
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. francesca.faccin@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faccin
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. enrica.sozzi@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sozzi
authors.affiliation: Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy. antonio.lavazza@izsler.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavazza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D005060:Europe; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D030102:Orthoreovirus, Mammalian / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Orthoreovirus; bats; full-genome sequence; reassortment