title: Associations between gender-based violence and personality disorders in U.S. women.
abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) is prevalent and associated with deleterious outcomes including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance use disorders. Despite substantial comorbidity between these conditions and personality disorders (PDs), few, if any, studies have examined associations between lifetime exposure to GBV and risk for a range of PDs in nationally representative U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and population attributable fractions (PAFs) of 10 PDs by lifetime GBV exposure. Participants were 20,089 women who participated in wave 2 (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Lifetime GBV and PD were reported by 25% and 20% of women, respectively. Logistic regressions indicated that women with GBV had 3.5 times the odds of lifetime PD; aORs ranged from 2.3 to 6.3 for Schizoid and Borderline PD, respectively. GBV was associated with 38% of all PD cases, and women who had experienced all 3 GBV types had 8.5 times the odds of PD compared to nonvictims. Preventing GBV, particularly multitype GBV, may be critical to reducing the burden of PDs. Clinicians working with GBV victims should consider assessing PDs and providing treatment targeting multiple outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keyes
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University.
authors.forename: Karestan C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Koenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014930:Women