title: Spatial Variation in the Accumulation of Elements in Thalli of the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf Transplanted Around a Biomass Power Plant in Italy.
abstract: Thalli of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea were transplanted for 3 months at 32 sites located in and around an industrial area of S Italy whose main anthropogenic sources of atmospheric trace elements are a biomass power plant and vehicular emissions. Meteorological stations were deployed at four sites for finer detection of local wind patterns. The station near the biomass power plant showed a significant S-SE wind component not detectable by measurements made at the regional scale or by the other local meteorological stations. Sb, Sn, and Mo showed a very high degree of covariance and a statistically significant correlation with traffic rate. No element concentrations in the exposed thalli were correlated with distance from the biomass power plant, although Ti and Co concentrations showed a significant correlation with the "Potential Number of Times the Winds coming from the biomass power plant Reach each exposure Site" (PNTWRS). This value is calculated dividing the time (minutes) during the experimental trimester that the wind blows from the power plant into each of the four geographical sides by the time (minutes) the winds passing through the power plant take to reach the exposure sites in each of the four geographical sides.) during the period of thalli transplantation. Moreover, there were significant differences among clusters of sites with different levels of enrichment of Ti, Co, Al, V, and Cu and a "local control" group. These results, together with the high covariance of the Al-Ti and V-Co pairs, indicate an association between the biomass power plant and spatial variation of Ti, Co, Al, and V levels in the transplanted lichens. The nature of the fuels used in the biomass power plant explains the spatial variation of As, Cr, Cu, and Zn concentrations.
authors.affiliation: DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. lucio.lucadamo@unical.it.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lucadamo
authors.affiliation: DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. annacorapi@libero.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corapi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy. stefano.loppi@unisi.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loppi
authors.affiliation: DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. rosanna.derosa@unical.it.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.affiliation: DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. d.barca@unical.it.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barca
authors.affiliation: DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. giovanni.vespasiano@unical.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vespasiano
authors.affiliation: DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. luana.gallo@unical.it.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D011210:Power Plants; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements