title: Maize growth promotion by inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and metabolites of Rhizobium tropici enriched on lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs).
abstract: There is an increasing interest in the development and use of inoculants carrying plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in crops of agronomic interest. The great majority of the inoculants commercialized worldwide contain rhizobia for legume crops, but the use of PGPB as Azospirillum spp. for non-legume is expanding, as well as of inoculants combining microorganisms and microbial metabolites. In this study we evaluated the effects of inoculants containing Azospirillum brasilense with or without metabolites of Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 899 highly enriched in lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) in six field experiments performed for three summer crop seasons in Brazil with maize (Zea mays L.). Inoculants and metabolites were applied either at sowing by seed inoculation, or by leaf spray at the V3 stage of plant growth. Improvement in shoot dry weight (SDW) and total N accumulated in shoots (TNS) by single, but especially by dual inoculation was observed in some of the experiments. Statistically significant increases in grain yield in relation to the non-inoculated control were observed in five out of six experiments when maize was inoculated with Azospirillum supplied with enriched metabolites of R. tropici applied by seed or leaf spray inoculation. The results give strength to the development of a new generation of inoculants carrying microorganisms and microbial molecules.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil. bettinamarks@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bettina Berquó
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Depto de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, Apdo Postal 41012, Seville, Spain. megiasg@us.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Megías
authors.affiliation: Depto de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, Apdo Postal 41012, Seville, Spain. fjom@us.es.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ollero
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil. marco.nogueira@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Total Biotecnologia Indústria e Comércio S/A, Rua Emílio Romani 1190, CIC, Curitiba, Paraná, 81460-020, Brazil. rsaraujo@totalbiotecnologia.com.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo Silva
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brazil. mariangela.hungria@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hungria
keywords: Inoculant; Nod factor; PGPB; Zea mays