title: Aromatase inhibitor induced musculoskeletal syndrome: a significant problem with limited treatment options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aromatase inhibitor induced musculoskeletal syndrome is experienced by approximately half of women taking aromatase inhibitors, impairing quality of life and leading some to discontinue treatment. Evidence for effective treatments is lacking. We aimed to understand the manifestations and impact of this syndrome in the Australian breast cancer community, and strategies used for its management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey invitation was sent to 2390 members of the Breast Cancer Network Australia Review and Survey Group in April 2014. The online questionnaire included 45 questions covering demographics, aromatase inhibitor use, clinical manifestations and risk factors for the aromatase inhibitor musculoskeletal syndrome, reasons for treatment discontinuation and efficacy of interventions used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aromatase inhibitor induced musculoskeletal syndrome was reported by 302 (82 %) of 370 respondents. Twenty-seven percent had discontinued treatment for any reason and of these, 68 % discontinued because of the musculoskeletal syndrome. Eighty-one percent had used at least one intervention from the following three categories to manage the syndrome: doctor prescribed medications, over-the-counter/complementary medicines or alternative/non-drug therapies. Anti-inflammatories, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and yoga were most successful in relieving symptoms in each of the respective categories. Almost a third of respondents reported that one or more interventions helped prevent aromatase inhibitor discontinuation. However, approximately 20 % of respondents found no intervention effective in any category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that aromatase inhibitor induced musculoskeletal syndrome is a significant issue for Australian women and is an important reason for treatment discontinuation. Women use a variety of interventions to manage this syndrome; however, their efficacy appears limited.
authors.affiliation: Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Janine.lombard@calvarymater.org.au.|University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Janine.lombard@calvarymater.org.au.|Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Janine.lombard@calvarymater.org.au.
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.affiliation: Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.|University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.|Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zdenkowski
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Network Australia, Newcastle, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beckmore
authors.affiliation: Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reaby
authors.affiliation: Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.|University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.|Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.|Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.|Monash University, Newcastle, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: Jacquie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chirgwin
mesh_terms: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors
keywords: Aromatase inhibitor; Arthralgia; Arthritis; Early breast cancer; Interventions; Myalgia