title: Mechanisms of three-dimensional growth of thyroid cells during long-term simulated microgravity.
abstract: Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCS) of human cells are important in cancer research. We investigated possible mechanisms of MCS formation of thyroid cells. Both, normal Nthy-ori 3-1 thyroid cells and the poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer cells FTC-133 formed MCS within 7 and 14 days of culturing on a Random Positioning Machine (RPM), while a part of the cells continued to grow adherently in each culture. The FTC-133 cancer cells formed larger and numerous MCS than the normal cells. In order to explain the different behaviour, we analyzed the gene expression of IL6, IL7, IL8, IL17, OPN, NGAL, VEGFA and enzymes associated cytoskeletal or membrane proteins (ACTB, TUBB, PFN1, CPNE1, TGM2, CD44, FLT1, FLK1, PKB, PKC, ERK1/2, Casp9, Col1A1) as well as the amount of secreted proteins (IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, OPN, NGAL, VEGFA). Several of these components changed during RPM-exposure in each cell line. Striking differences between normal and malignant cells were observed in regards to the expression of genes of NGAL, VEGFA, OPN, IL6 and IL17 and to the secretion of VEGFA, IL-17, and IL-6. These results suggest several gravi-sensitive growth or angiogenesis factors being involved in 3D formation of thyroid cells cultured under simulated microgravity.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Warnke
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehland
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ganna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aleshcheva
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nils E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: DLR German Aerospace Centre, Department of Gravitational Biology, 51147 Cologne, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hemmersbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas Juhl
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Corydon
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Infanger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grimm
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines