title: Advances in osteosarcoma stem cell research and opportunities for novel therapeutic targets.
abstract: Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, especially in children and young adults. The primary treatment for osteosarcoma is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, however prognoses remain poor due to chemoresistance and early metastases. Osteosarcoma stem cells appear to play central roles in tumor recurrence, metastases and chemoresistance via self-renewal and differentiation. Targeting these cells may provide a novel strategy in the treatment of osteosarcoma. This review summarizes current knowledge of this rare phenotype and recent advances in understanding the functions OSCs (osteosarcoma stem cells) in osteosarcoma, with the aim of improving therapies in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Ning
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Yang-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China. Electronic address: qiaonan85@263.net.
authors.forename: Qiao-Nan
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000502:physiology; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D051880:Receptors, Notch; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
keywords: Cancer stem cell; Epigenetic regulator; Microenvironment; Self-renewal; Stemness; Therapeutic target