title: Migration and transformation rule of heavy metals in sludge during hydrolysis for protein extraction.
abstract: The content and speciation of heavy metals can fundamentally affect the hydrolysis of sludge. This research study investigates the migration and transformation rule of heavy metals during the hydrolysis process by measuring the content of exchangeables (F1), bound to carbonates (F2), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (F3), bound to organic matter (F4), and residuals (F5) under different periods of time undergoing hydrolysis. The results show that the hydrolysis process generally stabilized Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As by transforming the unstable states into structurally stable states. Such transformations and stabilization were primarily caused by the changes in local metal ion environment and bonding structure, oxidation of sulfides, pyrolyzation of organic matter, and evaporation of resulting volatile materials. An X-ray diffractometry (XRD) of the residuals conducted after hydrolysis indicated that hydrolysis did have a significant influence on the transportation and transformation of heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jiebing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Shi Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China. lidengxin@dhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dengxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010087:Oxides; D011506:Proteins; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides
keywords: Heavy metals; Hydrolysis; Migration and transformation; Sludge