title: A cyst nematode effector binds to diverse plant proteins, increases nematode susceptibility and affects root morphology.
abstract: Cyst nematodes are plant-parasitic roundworms that are of significance in many cropping systems around the world. Cyst nematode infection is facilitated by effector proteins secreted from the nematode into the plant host. The cDNAs of the 25A01-like effector family are novel sequences that were isolated from the oesophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). To aid functional characterization, we identified an orthologous member of this protein family (Hs25A01) from the closely related sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii, which infects Arabidopsis. Constitutive expression of the Hs25A01 CDS in Arabidopsis plants caused a small increase in root length, accompanied by up to a 22% increase in susceptibility to H. schachtii. A plant-expressed RNA interference (RNAi) construct targeting Hs25A01 transcripts in invading nematodes significantly reduced host susceptibility to H. schachtii. These data document that Hs25A01 has physiological functions in planta and a role in cyst nematode parasitism. In vivo and in vitro binding assays confirmed the specific interactions of Hs25A01 with an Arabidopsis F-box-containing protein, a chalcone synthase and the translation initiation factor eIF-2 β subunit (eIF-2bs), making these proteins probable candidates for involvement in the observed changes in plant growth and parasitism. A role of eIF-2bs in the mediation of Hs25A01 virulence function is further supported by the observation that two independent eIF-2bs Arabidopsis knock-out lines were significantly more susceptible to H. schachtii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Gennady
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pogorelko
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Parijat S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Juvale
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66505, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hewezi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mitchum
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D027461:Beta vulgaris; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C036483:T-DNA
keywords: Heterodera; RNAi; functional characterization; interaction; mutant; translation