title: High-performance and high-sensitivity applications of graphene transistors with self-assembled monolayers.
abstract: Charge impurities and polar molecules on the surface of dielectric substrates has long been a critical obstacle to using graphene for its niche applications that involve graphene's high mobility and high sensitivity nature. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been found to effectively reduce the impact of long-range scatterings induced by the external charges. Yet, demonstrations of scalable device applications using the SAMs technique remains missing due to the difficulties in the device fabrication arising from the strong surface tension of the modified dielectric environment. Here, we use patterned SAM arrays to build graphene electronic devices with transport channels confined on the modified areas. For high-mobility applications, both rigid and flexible radio-frequency graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs) were demonstrated, with extrinsic cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency enhanced by a factor of ~2 on SiO2/Si substrates. For high sensitivity applications, G-FETs were functionalized by monoclonal antibodies specific to cancer biomarker chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, enabling its detection at a concentration of 0.01 fM, five orders of magnitude lower than that detectable by a conventional colorimetric assay. These devices can be very useful in the early diagnosis and monitoring of a malignant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: David Ricardo
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-Hsuan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
authors.forename: Vyom
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: She-Hsin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Anchal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Preeti S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Electronic address: ccchang@life.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Electronic address: pwchiu@ee.nthu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Po-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014173:Transistors, Electronic; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006108:Graphite; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C101390:CSPG4 protein, human; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
keywords: Biosensors; Charge impurities; Field effect transistor; Graphene; Self-assembled monolayers