title: Squid ink polysaccharide reduces cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage via Nrf2/ARE activation pathway in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclophosphamide (CP) toxicity on testis was hampered by squid ink polysaccharide (SIP) via restoration of antioxidant ability in our previous investigations. This study investigated roles of Nrf2/ARE signal pathway in testis of treated mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Kunming mice were employed to undergo treatment with SIP and/or CP. Protein levels of Nrf2, keap-1, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and phosphorylation level of protein kinase C (PKC) in testis were evaluated by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed that SIP elevated expressions of NQO-1 and HO-1 genes, two downstream target molecules of Nrf2, via activating Nrf2 to play preventive roles on CP-treated testis, and further discovered that upstream regulators of Nrf2, keap-1, HDAC2, and PKC, were concerned with the regulation of Nrf2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SIP could effectively weaken CP-associated testicular damage via Nrf2/ARE signal pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yipeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yexing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Huazhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Cyclophosphamide; Mice; Nrf2/ARE; Squid Ink Polysaccharides; Testis