title: Solar Eye Protection Practices of Civilian Aircrew.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is good evidence that long term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases the risk of cataracts. The 'blue light hazard' is considered a risk factor for retinal changes similar to those seen in macular degeneration. Previous studies ascertaining the prevalence of radiation related ocular disease in pilot cohorts have not considered use of solar eye protection. The aim of this study was to explore pilot use of sunglasses and other solar eye protection habits and to gain insight into the difficulties encountered managing sunlight on the flight deck. Additionally, the prevalence of radiation related ocular pathology in the study group was calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A web based questionnaire was developed and administered to a large population of current UK professional pilots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 2917 respondents who completed the questionnaire, demonstrating a wide range of sunglass use during flight. A number of barriers to sunglass use were identified, the most prevalent being the requirement for corrective lenses to be used. Pilots most commonly increase sunglass use due to ocular health concerns. A high level of dissatisfaction with standard aircraft sun protection systems was reported. Long haul airline pilots were the highest users of nonstandard sunlight blocking strategies. No correlation between reported pathology and flying experience was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of sunglasses during flight is complex; however, a number of practical recommendations can be made to increase the success for those pilots who wish to use sunglasses more. Aircraft manufacturers should consider how greater control of cockpit sunlight levels can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Civil Aviation Authority, West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chorley
authors.forename: Bruce J W
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005135:Eye Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult