title: Impacts of gender, weather, and workplace differences in farm worker's gear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The farmers cannot help working in outdoor conditions which have high humidity and solar radiation during the harvest period. Wearable items including clothing are the nearest environment of human body, and to understand the current state of them can be a way to set up an active prevention strategy against the health risk from heat stress in summertime agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the work wear and accessories which the elderly farmers used during agricultural working.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty farmers (49 males and 71 females) working in nine separate sites on different days took part in this study. The average age of subjects was 61 years old. We examined the types of working posture, clothing, and items that the farmers used and/or wore. We also interviewed the farmers to know why they used such items while working.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study were as follows: (1) Farmers worked in the thermal environment which was over wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) reference value, and the farmers could suffer heat stress due to workload induced from wearing conventional long-sleeved shirts and long trousers which were 0.66 clo in average under this summertime working thermal condition. (2) The farmers tended to change the layer of upper clothing for adapting to weather condition. (3) The types of footwear used seemed to be related with facilities as well as weather, and farmers tended to wear lighter footwear when the weather is hotter or when they work in PVC greenhouse. The majority of elderly farmers wore loafers and rubber shoes which had indistinguishable thin soles. (4) The types of hats showed the difference between facilities as well as gender and only 31.7% of all participants used long brims. (5) Korean elderly farmers did not use any active cooling item as agricultural auxiliary tools in summer harvesting time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Korean elderly farmers worked in poor surroundings which could threaten their health and safety and seemed not to adjust their workload and clothing during summer harvest season. Thus, it would be necessary to monitor individual responses in order to ensure that the risk of heat stress is prevented.
authors.affiliation: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, School of Design and Human Engineering, Ulsan, , South Korea. jkwon@unist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: JuYoun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea. hspark@hongik.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hee Sok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Fashion Design, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea. shkim@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sun-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. Leeks81@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003020:Clothing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012737:Sex Factors; D014887:Weather; D017132:Workplace / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*