title: Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster - or other small insects - in a straightforward manner. As we previously demonstrated (1), in a two-dimensional chamber, we first force the flies to form a tight group, subsequently allowing them to take their preferred distance from each other. After the flies have settled, we measure the distance to the closest neighbor (or social space), processing a static picture with free online software (ImageJ). The analysis of the distance to the closest neighbor allows researchers to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on social interaction, while controlling for potential confounding factors. Diverse factors such as climbing ability, time of day, sex, and number of flies, can modify social spacing of flies. We thus propose a series of experimental controls to mitigate these confounding effects. This assay can be used for at least two purposes. First, researchers can determine how their favorite environmental shift (such as isolation, temperature, stress or toxins) will impact social spacing (1,2). Second, researchers can dissect the genetic and neural underpinnings of this basic form of social behavior (1,3). Specifically, we used it as a diagnostic tool to study the role of orthologous genes thought to be involved in social behavior in other organisms, such as candidate genes for autism in humans (4).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario.
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario.
authors.forename: Sam N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jolley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, York College/CUNY.
authors.forename: Adesanya A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Akinleye
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, York College/CUNY.
authors.forename: Marat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nurilov
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, York College/CUNY.
authors.forename: Zulekha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rouzyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University.
authors.forename: Austin J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Milunovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University.
authors.forename: Moria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario; asimon28@uwo.ca.
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D008297:Male; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment