title: Double Roots of Mandibular Premolar in Full-mouth Periapical Films.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of two-rooted mandibular premolar morphology using full-mouth periapical film series in a Chinese population, with particular emphasis on bilateral incidence, so as to provide a clinical anatomical basis for root canal treatment in mandibular premolars.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2015 patients who underwent dental treatment and had full mouth periapical radiographs at the Peking University School of Stomatology from April 2011 to April 2012 were enrolled in this study. Three experienced dentists reviewed the patients' periapical films and classified the root morphology of mandibular premolars bilaterally. The incidence of unilateral and bilateral double roots were recorded and calculated, including confirmed and suspected bucco-lingual root types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In terms of the morphology of two-rooted mandibular first premolars, of the 2015 cases with complete root formation, two-rooted first premolars were detected in 120 cases, with a total number of 159 teeth. According to the number of teeth, the overall incidence of double roots was 4.03% (159/3972). In terms of the morphology of two-rooted mandibular second premolars, of the 2015 cases with complete root formation, two-rooted second premolars were detected in 24 cases, with a total number of 33 teeth. According to the number of teeth, the overall incidence of double roots was 0.85% (33/3880).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The roots of mandibular premolars display specific morphological patterns. Based on a large sample, we observed and calculated not only the occurrence rate of bucco-lingual and mesio-distal double roots in first and second mandibular premolars, but also the incidence of unilateral or bilateral double roots within the same mandible. These findings could provide useful information on the anatomical structure of mandibular premolars for endodontic, prosthodontic and surgical procedures, and could improve the quality of treatment and reduce complications.
authors.forename: Ling-jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Kuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Deng-gao
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008875:Middle Aged; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities*