title: TGF-β in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Tale of the Janus-Like Cytokine.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that controls an immense number of cellular responses and plays a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis of most human organs. In the intestine, the TGF-β is involved in mucosal defense, immune tolerance, inhibition of acute inflammation, promoting the wound-healing process, and suppressing tumor initiation. However, TGF-β exhibits Janus-like features under certain physiologic conditions and chronic inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs]). Excessive TGF-β in IBDs favors chronic inflammation, incurs pathologic remolding, and facilitates the progression of colitis-associated inflammation (CAC). Considering the increasingly crucial roles of TGF-Β in the development of IBDs, we overview its pathways and multifaceted effects at the steady-state and IBD conditions of the gut, respectively. In addition, we present potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring normal TGF-β signaling in IBDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai, China;Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.
authors.forename: Yingwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta