title: The location of incision in cataract surgery and its impact on induced astigmatism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study is a systematic review of previous studies on choosing the best incision site for the correction of astigmatism in cataract surgery and assessing the amount of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) with each approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of astigmatism axis, studies show that using an on-axis incision is associated with favorable results for 0.5-1.0 diopter (D) of astigmatism. In cases with more than 1.0 D astigmatism, paired on-axis incisions can be appreciably efficient in astigmatism correction and cause at least 1.5 D SIA. Considering the amount of SIA, a temporal incision is the best approach when the patient has minimal amounts of corneal astigmatism preoperatively. At higher levels of astigmatism, if no other astigmatism correction method is used simultaneously, the temporal incision is used less frequently; however, since it is associated with the least SIA, it is still the choice site when another correction method is used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temporal incisions in cataract surgery are associated with little SIA and are appropriate choices for mild preoperative astigmatism. At higher levels of preoperative astigmatism, superior incisions are associated with better results when combined methods are not applied.
authors.affiliation: aNoor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor eye hospital, Tehran, IranbDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.cNoor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, IrandDepartment of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khabazkhoob
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.forename: Reyhane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shariati
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miraftab
authors.forename: Abbasali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yekta
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000601:surgery*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D014792:Visual Acuity