title: Development of a High Irradiance LED Configuration for Small Field of View Motion Estimation of Fertilizer Particles.
abstract: Better characterization of the fertilizer spreading process, especially the fertilizer pattern distribution on the ground, requires an accurate measurement of individual particle properties and dynamics. Both 2D and 3D high speed imaging techniques have been developed for this purpose. To maximize the accuracy of the predictions, a specific illumination level is required. This paper describes the development of a high irradiance LED system for high speed motion estimation of fertilizer particles. A spectral sensitivity factor was used to select the optimal LED in relation to the used camera from a range of commercially available high power LEDs. A multiple objective genetic algorithm was used to find the optimal configuration of LEDs resulting in the most homogeneous irradiance in the target area. Simulations were carried out for different lenses and number of LEDs. The chosen configuration resulted in an average irradiance level of 452 W/m² with coefficient of variation less than 2%. The algorithm proved superior and more flexible to other approaches reported in the literature and can be used for various other applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 115, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium. Simon.Cool@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.|Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium. Simon.Cool@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium. Jan.Pieters@Ugent.be.
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 115, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium. Koen.Mertens@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
authors.forename: Koen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium. sermofo1@etsia.upv.es.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Developement, University of Burgundy, Bd Dr Petitjean 26, Dijon 21000, France. frederic.cointault@agrosupdijon.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cointault
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image, University of Burgundy, Allée Alain Savary 9, Dijon 21000, France. julien.dubois@u-bourgogne.fr.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 115, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium. Tim.Vandegucht@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van de Gucht
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 115, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium. Jurgen.Vangeyte@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vangeyte
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000465:Algorithms; D005308:Fertilizers; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers
keywords: LED illumination; fertilizer; genetic algorithm