title: Vital Signs: Estimated Percentages and Numbers of Adults with Indications for Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Acquisition--United States, 2015.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2014, approximately 40,000 persons in the United States received a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral antiretroviral medication is a new, highly effective intervention that could reduce the number of new HIV infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  CDC analyzed nationally representative data to estimate the percentages and numbers of persons in the United States, by transmission risk group, with indications for PrEP consistent with the 2014 U.S. Public Health Service's PrEP clinical practice guideline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 24.7% of sexually active adult men who have sex with men (MSM) (492,000 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 212,000-772,000]), 18.5% of persons who inject drugs (115,000 [CI = 45,000-185,000]), and 0.4% of heterosexually active adults (624,000 [CI = 404,000-846,000]), had substantial risks for acquiring HIV consistent with PrEP indications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on current guidelines, many MSM, persons who inject drugs, and heterosexually active adults have indications for PrEP. A higher percentage of MSM and persons who inject drugs have indications for PrEP than heterosexually active adults, consistent with distribution of new HIV diagnoses across these populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical organizations, health departments, and community-based organizations should raise awareness of PrEP among persons with substantial risk for acquiring HIV infection and their health care providers. These data can be used to inform scale-up and evaluation of PrEP coverage. Increasing delivery of PrEP and other highly effective HIV prevention services could lower the number of new HIV infections occurring in the United States each year.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC.
authors.forename: Dawn K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Handel
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wolitski
authors.forename: Jo Ellen
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stryker
authors.forename: H Irene
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prejean
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Valleroy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055030:Drug Users / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents