title: Development and evaluation of an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for rapid detection of Francisella tularensis.
abstract: Francisella tularensis is a potential biowarfare/bioterrorism agent and zoonotic pathogen that causes tularemia; thus, surveillance of F. tularensis and first-level emergency response using point-of-care testing (POCT) are essential. The UPT-LF POCT assay was established to quantitatively detect F. tularensis within 15 min, and the sensitivity of the assay was 10(4) CFU · mL(-1) (100 CFU/test). The linear quantitative range covered five orders of magnitude, and the coefficients of variation were less than 10%. Except Shigella dysenteriae, UPT-LF showed excellent specificity to four strains that are also potential biowarfare/bioterrorism agents and 13 food-borne pathogenic strains. Samples with pH 2-13, high ion strengths (≥ 2 mol · L(-1) solution of KCl and NaCl), high viscosities (≤ 50 mg · mL(-1) PEG20000 or ≥ 20% glycerol), and high concentrations of biomacromolecules (≥ 400 mg · mL(-1) bovine serum albumin or ≥ 80 mg · mL(-1) casein) showed little influence on the assay. For practical utilization, the tolerance limits for seven powders and eight viscera were determined, and operation errors of liquid measurement demonstrated a minor influence on the strip. Ftu-UPT-LF is a candidate POCT method because of its excellent sensitivity, specificity, and stability in complex samples, as well as low operation error.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Department of Etiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, P.R. China.|Clinical Diagnostic Center, 302nd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, Beijing Military General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fuli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chongyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ruifu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chengbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ailian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing 100071, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012015:Reference Standards; D012212:Rheology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014783:Viscosity