title: Identification of mycotoxins by UHPLC-QTOF MS in airborne fungi and fungi isolated from industrial paper and antique documents from the Archive of Bogotá.
abstract: Mold deterioration of historical documents in archives and libraries is a frequent and complex phenomenon that may have important economic and cultural consequences. In addition, exposure to toxic fungal metabolites might produce health problems. In this work, samples of broths of fungal species isolated from the documentary material and from indoor environmental samples of the Archive of Bogotá have been analyzed to investigate the presence of mycotoxins. High resolution mass spectrometry made possible to search for a large number of mycotoxins, even without reference standards available at the laboratory. For this purpose, a screening strategy based on ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) under MS(E) mode was applied. A customized home-made database containing elemental composition for around 600 mycotoxins was compiled. The presence of the (de)protonated molecule measured at its accurate mass was evaluated in the samples. When a peak was detected, collision induced dissociation fragments and characteristic isotopic ions were also evaluated and used for tentative identification, based on structure compatibility and comparison with literature data (if existing). Up to 44 mycotoxins were tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF MS. 34 of these tentative compounds were confirmed by subsequent analysis using a targeted LC-MS/MS method, supporting the strong potential of QTOF MS for identification/elucidation purposes. The presence of mycotoxins in these samples might help to reinforce safety measures for researchers and staff who work on reception, restoration and conservation of archival material, not only at the Archive of Bogotá but worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C. 111821, Colombia.
authors.forename: Nancy I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química, Física y Biología, Archivo de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jhon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera-Monroy
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química, Física y Biología, Archivo de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan Camilo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química, Física y Biología, Archivo de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Páez-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biofísica, Centro Internacional de Física - CIF, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Posada-Buitrago
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulyok
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain. Electronic address: felix.hernandez@uji.es.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D001109:Archives; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003105:Colombia; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010209:Paper; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Fungi; Liquid chromatography; Mycotoxins; Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Screening