title: Gold-Coated M13 Bacteriophage as a Template for Glucose Oxidase Biofuel Cells with Direct Electron Transfer.
abstract: Glucose oxidase-based biofuel cells are a promising source of alternative energy for small device applications, but still face the challenge of achieving robust electrical contact between the redox enzymes and the current collector. This paper reports on the design of an electrode consisting of glucose oxidase covalently attached to gold nanoparticles that are assembled onto a genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage using EDC-NHS chemistry. The engineered phage is modified at the pIII protein to attach onto a gold substrate and serves as a high-surface-area template. The resulting "nanomesh" architecture exhibits direct electron transfer (DET) and achieves a higher peak current per unit area of 1.2 mA/cm(2) compared to most other DET attachment schemes. The final enzyme surface coverage on the electrode was calculated to be approximately 4.74 × 10(-8) mol/cm(2), which is a significant improvement over most current glucose oxidase (GOx) DET attachment methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States.
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D017104:Bacteriophage M13 / Q000737:chemistry*; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004579:Electron Transport; D004583:Electrons; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D006046:Gold; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Au nanoparticles; M13 bacteriophage; biofuel cell; direct electron transfer; glucose; glucose oxidase