title: Antifouling assessments on biogenic nanoparticles: A field study from polluted offshore platform.
abstract: Turbinaria ornata mediated silver nanoparticles (TOAg-NPs) were evaluated for antibacterial activity against 15 biofilm forming bacterial isolates. A field study in natural seawater for 60 days showed antifouling activity of TOAg-NPs on stainless steel coupons (SS-304) coated with Apcomin zinc chrome (AZC) primer. Though TOAg-NPs showed broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, the maximum zone of inhibition was with Escherichiacoli (71.9%) and a minimum with Micrococcus sp. (40%) due to the EPS secretion from Gram-positive bacteria. Compared to control coupons (18.9 [ × 10(3)], 67.0 [× 10(3)], 13.5 [ × 10(4)] and 24.7 [ × 10(4)]CFU/cm(2)), experimental biocide coupons (71.0 [ × 10(2)], 32.0 [ × 10(3)], 82.0 [ × 10(3)] and 11.3 [ × 10(4)]CFU/cm(2)) displayed lesser bacterial population density. Toxicity studies revealed 100% mortality for Balanus amphitrite larvae at 250 μg ml(-1) concentration within 24h, while 56.6% recorded for Artemia marina at the same concentration indicating less toxicity to non target species. It proved that AZC+TOAg-NPs prevent biofouling by its Ag-NS affinity and antimicrobial effectivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Muthukumar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vignesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sivanandham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, KMU - Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Dahms
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hans-Uwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Santhosh Gokul
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Murugaiah
authors.affiliation: Offshore Platform and Marine Electrochemistry Center (OPMEC), Unit of Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), New Harbour Area, Tuticorin 628 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Palanichamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seeni
authors.affiliation: Offshore Platform and Marine Electrochemistry Center (OPMEC), Unit of Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), New Harbour Area, Tuticorin 628 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: james@bdu.ac.in.
authors.forename: Arthur James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rathinam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007194:India; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Antifouling; Artemia marina; Balanus amphitrite; Silver nanoparticles; Toxicity studies; Turbinaria ornata