title: Bisphenol A and other phenols in human placenta from children with cryptorchidism or hypospadias.
abstract: Embryo-foetal exposure to low doses of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been related to reproductive tract diseases in experimental animals but not convincingly in human populations. The aim of this case-control study was to explore the relationship between exposure to non-persistent EDCs during pregnancy and male genital development. Exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA), benzophenones (BPs) [BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-6, BP-8 and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP),] and parabens (PBs) [methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butyl-PB] was analyzed by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in placenta samples from a subsample of 28 cases and 51 healthy controls nested in a cohort of newborns recruited between 2000 and 2002. The multivariable regression analyses indicated a statistically significant association between exposure to BPA and propyl-PB and the risk of malformations [adjusted odd ratio (95% CIs) in the third tertile of exposure: 7.2 (1.5-35.5) and 6.4 (1.2-35.5) for BPA and propyl-PB, respectively].
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: marieta@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Arrebola
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sáenz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina-Molina
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.affiliation: Institute of the Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kortenkamp
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010226:Parabens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001577:Benzophenones; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BPA; Benzophenones; Cryptorchidism; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Foetal exposure; Hypospadias; Parabens; Placenta