title: Vitamin D-Cellular Ca2+link to obesity and diabetes.
abstract: The vitamin D hormone 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3)-induced cellular Ca2+signals regulate apoptosis in adipocytes and insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and low vitamin D status is considered a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The anti-obesity effects of 1,25(OH)2D3in mature adipocytes are determined by its activity to generate, via multiple Ca2+signaling pathways, a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+followed by activation of the Ca2+-dependent initiators and effectors of apoptosis. In pancreatic β-cells, 1,25(OH)2D3induces synchronous Ca2+oscillations, which pattern pulsatile insulin secretion from these cells. An increased intake of vitamin D3in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model is associated with a decreased weight of white adipose tissue due to induction of apoptosis and the improved blood markers related to adiposity, diabetes, and vitamin D status (plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25(OH)2D3). High vitamin D3intake is also effective in increasing the mineral content of growing bone in obese mice via regulatory effects mediated by 1,25(OH)2D3-parathyroid hormone axis. The 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent cellular Ca2+signaling can be important for maintaining the normal levels of apoptosis in adipose tissue and insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. An increased intake of vitamin D may contribute to the prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and bone disorders associated with these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA. Electronic address: igor.sergeev@sdstate.edu.
authors.forename: Igor N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Sergeev
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3); Apoptosis; Intracellular Ca(2+); Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Vitamin D status