title: Phytoncide Extracted from Pinecone Decreases LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.
abstract: Mastitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease that remains one of the main causes of poor quality of milk. Phytoncides are naturally occurring anti-inflammatory compounds derived from plants and trees. To determine if treatment with phytoncide could decrease the severity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses, mammary alveolar epithelial cells (MAC-T) were pretreated with phytoncide (0.02% and 0.04% (v/v)) followed by LPS treatment (1 and 25 μg/ml). The results demonstrated that phytoncide downregulated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Additionally, LPS-induced activation of ERK1/2, p38, and Akt was attenuated by phytoncide. Treatment of cells with known pharmacological inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD98059), p38 (SB203580), and Akt (LY294002) confirmed the association of these signaling pathways with the observed alterations in COX-2 expression. Moreover, phytoncide attenuated LPS-induced NF-κB activation and superoxide production, and, finally, treatment with phytoncide increased Nrf2 activation. Results suggest that phytoncide can decrease LPS-induced inflammation in MAC-T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sukyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hai Chon
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Petriello
authors.affiliation: Phylus Corporation, Danyang 27000, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Seog
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Gu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008413:Mastitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: COX-2; MAC-T cell; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; mastitis