title: Expression profiles of somatostatin, dopamine, and estrogen receptors in pituitary adenomas determined by means of synthetic multilocus calibrators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pituitary adenomas (PA) are non-invasive benign tumors with a high autopsy prevalence. They are classified according to the type of hormone secreted (prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, folitropin, or luteinizing hormone). Clinically non-functioning adenomas (CNFA) lacking the typical hypersecretion of hormones make up a significant portion of PA. The aim of the study was to determine the complete expression profiles of somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-SSTR5), dopamine receptors type 2 (D2R), and estrogen receptors (ER1) in various types of PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adenoma specimens were obtained from 206 patients during transsphenoidal resection. For quantitative analysis, reverse transcription and consequent real-time PCR with synthetic multilocus calibrators (SMC) were used. The obtained data were normalized to the number of transcripts of the beta-glucuronidase gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of SMC enabled the alignment of individual calibration functions for all the receptors. No relationships between the expression of the receptors and the tumor size, site of extension, gender or age at diagnosis were significant. In growth hormone-secreting adenomas, D2R and SSTR2 transcripts were extensively expressed, followed by ER1, SSTR5, SSTR3, and SSTR1. In patients with macroprolactinomas, transsphenoidal resection was indicated because dopamine agonists did not normalize prolactin levels. D2R, ER1 and SSTR1 transcripts were significantly transcribed. Corticotroph adenomas showed high levels of D2R and ER1 transcripts and lower amounts of SSTR2 and SSTR1 transcripts. SSTR5 transcripts were very low. Subjects with CNFA dominantly expressed D2R and ER1, followed by SSTR2 and SSTR3 mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We evaluated SSTR1-SSTR5, D2R, and ER1 expressions in a large group of pituitary adenomas and we found that determining their individual expression profiles could help when choosing the optimal postoperative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drastikova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.|Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beranek
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gabalec
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Central Military Hospital Prague.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Netuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Central Military Hospital Prague.
authors.forename: Vaclav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Masopust
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cesak
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palicka
authors.affiliation: 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Hradec Kralove.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cap
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin
keywords: dopamine receptor; estrogen receptor; gene expression; pituitary adenoma; real-time PCR; somatostatin receptor