title: Antitumor Activities and Apoptosis-regulated Mechanisms of Fermented Wheat Germ Extract in the Transplantation Tumor Model of Human HT-29 Cells in Nude Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of human HT-29 cells in nude mice was established to evaluate anticarcinogenic activities, and the apoptosis-regulated mechanism effect of aqueous extract of fermented wheat germ with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 (LFWGE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The HT-29 cells were transplanted via subcutaneous injection of 1×107 cells into the right flank of each nude mouse. Then, nude mice were treated for 30 d with LFWGE (high-dose 2 g/kg/d; low-dose 1 g/kg/d) and for 7 d with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 25 mg/kg/d) by gavage and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. An inhibition of tumor growth was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor volume and weights decreased significantly in both groups of nude mice treated with LFWGE. In addition, the cell apoptosis rate of the LFWGE group (2 g/kg/d, 60.1%±4.4%; 1 g/kg/d, 58.6%±6.9%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (11.5%±1.6%) and 5-FU group (32.1%±3.5%) as measured by the TUNEL assay. Moreover, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot method further confirmed these enhancing apoptosis and growth inhibition effects. The involvement of LFWGE in inducing apoptosis was confirmed by the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and CyclinD1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that LFWGE could induce subcutaneous transplantation tumor apoptosis in nude mice and could be as a natural nutrient supplements or chemopreventive agent in the treatment of human colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jia Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xing Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C113915:Avemar; C494826:BAX protein, human; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019938:Cyclin D1; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Antitumor; Apoptosis; Fermented wheat germ extract; Human HT-29 cells; Nude mice; Western blot