title: [Interaction of polymorphisms of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor CCR2 gene 190A/G, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit p22phox gene C242T and cigarette smoking increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the interaction of polymorphisms of monocyte chemoattractant protein-I (MCP-1) receptor CCR2 gene 190A/G, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p22phox gene C242T and cigarette smoking in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD ).
  
  
  METHODS
  The genetic polymorphisms of MCP-1 receptor CCR2 gene 190A/G and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox gene C242T were analyzed by the technique of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) in peripheral blood leukocytes of 600 NAFLD cases and 600 healthy persons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of 190A/G (GG) and C242T (TT) were 50. 17% and 50. 00% in NAFLD cases and 23. 83% and 24. 17% in healthy controls, respectively. There were significant differences in the frequencies between the two groups (χ2 = 88. 8462, P = 0. 0031, χ2 = 85. 8100, P = 0. 0039). The risk of NAFLD with 190A/G (GG) was significantly higher than those with 190A/G (AA + AG) (OR = 3. 2171, 95% CI 1. 9351 - 5. 2184). The individuals who carried with C242T (TT) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR = 3. 1379, 95% CI 1. 7973 - 5. 2362). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of 190A/G (GG)/C242T (TT) in NAFLD and control groups was 39. 67% and 13. 00%, respectively (χ2 = 118. 3021, P =0. 0017). The people who carried with 190A/G (GG)/C242T (TT) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR =5. 0211, 95% CI 3. 1853 -7. 7926). The cigarette smoking rate of the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 92. 2234, P = 0. 0025), smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer than non-smokers (OR = 3. 3032, 95% CI 1. 9147 -5. 7413 ), and statistic analysis suggested an interaction between cigarette smoking and 190A/G (GG) and C242T (TT) which increase risk of NAFLD (r = 3. 9983, r = 3. 8553 ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  190A/G (GG), C242T (TT) and cigarette smoking are the risk factors in NAFLD, and the significant interactions between genetic polymorphisms of 190A/G (GG), C242T (TT) and cigarette smoking added the risk of NAFLD.
authors.forename: Chaoxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Like
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009249:NADP; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D009249:NADP; D019255:NADPH Oxidases