title: Chalcogenization-Derived Band Gap Grading in Solution-Processed CuIn(x)Ga(1-x)(Se,S)₂ Thin-Film Solar Cells.
abstract: Significant enhancement of solution-processed CuIn(x)Ga(1-x)(Se,S)2 (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell performance was achieved by inducing a band gap gradient in the film thickness, which was triggered by the chalcogenization process. Specifically, after the preparation of an amorphous mixed oxide film of Cu, In, and Ga by a simple paste coating method chalcogenization under Se vapor, along with the flow of dilute H2S gas, resulted in the formation of CIGSSe films with graded composition distribution: S-rich top, In- and Se-rich middle, and Ga- and S-rich bottom. This uneven compositional distribution was confirmed to lead to a band gap gradient in the film, which may also be responsible for enhancement in the open circuit voltage and reduction in photocurrent loss, thus increasing the overall efficiency. The highest power conversion efficiency of 11.7% was achieved with J(sc) of 28.3 mA/cm(2), V(oc) of 601 mV, and FF of 68.6%.
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyo Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yun Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kyung Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong Seop
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Yunae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jihyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byoung Koun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Min
keywords: CIGSSe; band gap grading; chalcogenization; solar cells; solution process