title: Establishment of a highly metastatic buccal squamous cell carcinoma cell line from a Sprague-Dawley Rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of buccal squamous cell carcinoma (buccal SCC) is considered to be the second highest out of all oral cancers, but the unsatisfactory in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of the widely used cell lines have greatly delayed studies on the mechanisms of tumor progression. This study aimed to establish a highly metastatic buccal SCC cell line, which may serve a useful tool in buccal SCC research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal SCC was induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. The cancer samples were collected, and the tumor cells were purified in vitro. A highly aggressive cell line termed "Rca-B" was established by an invasion assay. Its proliferative ability, cell cycle distribution, baseline level of apoptosis, carcinogenicity and metastatic behavior in nude mice were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To date, Rca-B cells have been stably cultured in vitro for more than 180 passages. These cells were polygonal or spindle-shaped, grew adhesively, and exhibited a stable epithelial phenotype as characterized by positive expression of cytokeratin. The population doubling time was 25.09 h. Cells in S-phase of the cell cycle accounted for 31.17% of the total number of cells, and the baseline level of apoptosis was 8.52%. The in vitro migration and invasion assays revealed highly aggressive features of Rca-B cells. In addition, the rate of xenograft formation was 100%, and the incidence of experimental lung metastasis was 81.8% in immunodeficient nude mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Rca-B cell line was established as a highly metastatic rat buccal SCC cell line, and its in-depth characterization, which includes malignant behaviors, allows for a wealth of functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of buccal SCC progression and targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: xingzaing@163.com.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: yanming8012@126.com.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: zjjshuobo@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: xuqin_2004@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: yjlzj123@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhongjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China. Electronic address: chenwantao196323@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wantao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D064593:Heterografts; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide
keywords: 4NQO; Buccal; Metastasis; Oral cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma