title: Dynamic heart rate estimation using principal component analysis.
abstract: In this paper, facial images from various video sequences are used to obtain a heart rate reading. In this study, a video camera is used to capture the facial images of eight subjects whose heart rates vary dynamically, between 81 and 153 BPM. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to recover the blood volume pulses (BVP) which can be used for the heart rate estimation. An important consideration for accuracy of the dynamic heart rate estimation is to determine the shortest video duration that realizes it. This video duration is chosen when the six principal components (PC) are least correlated amongst them. When this is achieved, the first PC is used to obtain the heart rate. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared to the readings obtained from the Polar heart rate monitor. Experimental results show the proposed method is able to estimate the dynamic heart rate readings using less computational requirements when compared to the existing method. The mean absolute error and the standard deviation of the absolute errors between experimental readings and actual readings are 2.18 BPM and 1.71 BPM respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia ; richieyyp@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Poh
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raveendran
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia ; limchernloon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chern-Loon
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia ; banhoe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ban-Hoe
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kwan
keywords: (100.0100) Image processing; (100.2960) Image analysis; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging