title: Visualization and detection of live and apoptotic cells with fluorescent carbon nanoparticles.
abstract: Apoptosis is a genetically encoded cell death program that involves different processes occurring on molecular and sub-cellular levels. Here we report on its new features--the increased accumulation of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CDots) in cells and their changed distribution within cell interior, which can witness on altered mechanisms of their translocation through the membrane. The comparative studies of living (intact) and apoptotic cells were provided with two cell lines (HeLa, Vero) using two types of fluorescent nanoparticles ("violet" and "blue" CDots). In all studied cases the images of living and apoptotic cells were different; the apoptotic cells incorporated larger number of CDots resulting in their much brighter images. These nanoparticles are distributed in cell cytoplasm, however, when the cells are fixed and treated with detergent, their nucleus is also labeled. Flow cytometry allows distinguishing the sub-populations of living and apoptotic cells in their cultures and suggests a very cheap and easy way to characterize them.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Str., Kiev, Ukraine. mariiadekaliuk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mariia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dekaliuk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Str., Kiev, Ukraine. pyrshevka@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyrylo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pyrshev
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Str., Kiev, Ukraine. alexdem@ukr.net.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demchenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015091:beta-Alanine; D002244:Carbon