title: Emerging roles of exosomes in cancer invasion and metastasis.
abstract: Recent evidence has indicated that nano-sized vesicles called "exosomes" mediate the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment and play a critical role in the development of cancers. Exosomes contain cargo consisting of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs that can be delivered to different types of cells in nascent as well as distant locations. Cancer cell-derived exosomes (CCEs) have been identified in body fluids such as urine, plasma, and saliva from patients with cancer. Although their content depends on tumor type and stage, CCEs merit consideration as prognostic and diagnostic markers, as vehicles for drug delivery, and as potential therapeutic targets because they could transport various oncogenic elements. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding the role of CCEs in cancer invasion and metastasis, as well as its potential clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Young Hwa
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Soung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73034, USA.
authors.forename: Thalia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73034, USA.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73034, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering