title: The Moderating Role of Dysfunctional Parent-Child Relationships on the Association Between Outward Anger Expression and Physical Health in Youth From Low-Income Families.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of outward anger expression on physical health outcomes (number of illnesses in the past year, 2-year medical service utilization, and health-related quality of life) while also expanding on previous research by assessing the moderating effect of parent-child dysfunction.
  
  
  
  An ethnically diverse sample of 125 children, ages 8 to 11 years, was recruited from a family medicine practice serving a low-income population.
  
  
  
  High levels of outward anger expression were related to a greater number of illnesses, greater medical service utilization, and lower health-related quality of life. Additionally, worse parent-child dysfunction exacerbated this relationship for a number of illnesses and medical service utilization.
  
  
  
  Results suggest that health care providers should consider the influence of environmental and familial factors on the physical health of children with anger. Recommendations for identifying at-risk youth and improving anger expression as well as parent-child relationships are provided.
authors.forename: Kassie D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: Tori R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Van Dyk
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kidwell
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Anger expression; low-income youth; parent-child dysfunction; physical health