title: Multipurpose Prevention Approaches with Antiretroviral-Based Formulations.
abstract: We compared the preclinical safety and efficacy of tenofovir (TFV) 1% gel with that of MZC gel [containing 50 μM MIV-150, 14 mM Zn(O2CCH3)2(H2O)2, and 3% carrageenan] through a series of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. The two gels showed good antiviral therapeutic indexes (50% cytotoxic concentration/50% effective concentration ratios; range, >25 to 800). MZC showed greater anti-simian-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (SHIV-RT) activity than TFV 1% gel in rhesus macaque vaginal explants. MZC protected mice from vaginal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) challenge (P < 0.0001), but the TFV 1% gel did not.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ninochka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jean-Pierre
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barnable
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kizima
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Aixa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seidor
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Meredith R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Gustavo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Doncel
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robbiani
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Zydowsky
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teleshova
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA jromero@popcouncil.org.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández-Romero
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects; D000068698:Tenofovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D019345:Zinc Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; C510296:MIV 150; D011725:Pyridines; D014508:Urea; D002351:Carrageenan; D000068698:Tenofovir; D019345:Zinc Acetate