title: Multi-institutional Experience in Laparoendoscopic Single-site Surgery (LESS): For Major Extirpative and Reconstructive Procedures in Pediatric Urology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review peri-procedural outcomes from a large, multi-institutional series of pediatric urology patients treated with laparaendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for major extirpative and reconstructive procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive LESS cases between January 2011 and May 2014 from three free-standing pediatric referral centers were reviewed. Data include age, sex, operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and complications according to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification. Hasson technique was used for peritoneal entry, GelPOINT advanced access platform was inserted, and standard 5mm laparoscopic instruments were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients (median age 5 years, 4 months-17 years) met inclusion criteria: 29 nephrectomies, 9 nephroureterectomies, 3 bilateral nephrectomies, 5 heminephrectomies, 5 renal cyst decortications, 3 bilateral gonadectomies, 2 Malone antegrade continence enema, 2 calyceal diverticulectomy, and 1 ovarian detorsion with cystectomy. Median operative times for each case type were comparable to published experiences with traditional laparoscopy. Overall mean and median length of stay was 36.2 hours and 1 day, respectively. There were two complications: port site hernia requiring surgical repair (Clavien IIIb) and a superficial port site infection that resolved with antibiotics (Clavien II). Cosmetic outcomes were subjectively well received by patients and their parents. Operative time was significantly shorter between the first half of the experience and the second half (102 vs 70 minutes, P  <  .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LESS approach can be broadly applied across many major extirpative and reconstructive procedures within pediatric urology. Our series advances our field's utilization of this technique and its safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Urology, Inter-American Hospital for Advanced Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Caguas, PR.
authors.forename: Ronak A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gor
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Urology, Inter-American Hospital for Advanced Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Caguas, PR.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Urology, Inter-American Hospital for Advanced Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Caguas, PR.
authors.forename: Aseem R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Urology, Inter-American Hospital for Advanced Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Caguas, PR.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Urology, Inter-American Hospital for Advanced Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Caguas, PR.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez-Brayfield
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Urology, Inter-American Hospital for Advanced Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Caguas, PR. Electronic address: Srinivasana3@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*