title: Effects of phosphorus on chemical forms of Cd in plants of four spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivars differing in Cd accumulation.
abstract: In order to clarify how cadmium (Cd) chemical forms in planta relate to the genotype difference in Cd accumulation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), two low-Cd and two high-Cd cultivars were compared under a hydroponic experiment with two concentrations of Cd (8.98 or 44.71 μmol Cd L(-1)). The concentrations of phosphorus in the hydroponic system were also adjusted to two levels (0.5 and 1.0 mmol L(-1)) to investigate the influence of phosphorus on the forms and accumulation of Cd in the tested cultivars. Average Cd concentrations in shoots were 8.50-10.06 mg kg(-1) for high-Cd cultivars and 6.11-6.64 mg kg(-1) for low-Cd cultivars a under lower Cd treatment and were as high as 24.41-31.35 mg kg(-1) and 19.65-25.76 mg kg(-1), respectively, under a higher treatment. Phosphorus significantly decreased Cd accumulation in the tested cultivars, and the effect had superiority over the cultivar alternation under higher Cd stress. Cadmium in the NaCl-extractable fraction of the plant tissues showed the greatest relationship to genotype difference of Cd accumulation. The difference in the capacity to binding Cd into F HAc, F HCl, or F Residue was another important mechanism involving in the genotype difference in Cd accumulation of spinach. Among them, average proportion of Cd in F HAc in low-Cd cultivars was higher than that in high-Cd cultivars in association with the effect of phosphorus.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.|School of Environmental Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aiguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China. adsyzy@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhongyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Center for Ecology, 420 Life Science II, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebbs
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005838:Genotype; D018527:Hydroponics; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Cadmium (Cd); Chemical form; Food safety; Genotype difference; Phosphorus; Spinach