title: Functional Characterization of IPSC-Derived Brain Cells as a Model for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy.
abstract: X-ALD is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder where mutations in the ABCD1 gene result in clinically diverse phenotypes: the fatal disorder of cerebral childhood ALD (cALD) or a milder disorder of adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). The various models used to study the pathobiology of X-ALD disease lack the appropriate presentation for different phenotypes of cALD vs AMN. This study demonstrates that induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) derived brain cells astrocytes (Ast), neurons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) express morphological and functional activities of the respective brain cell types. The excessive accumulation of saturated VLCFA, a "hallmark" of X-ALD, was observed in both AMN OLs and cALD OLs with higher levels observed in cALD OLs than AMN OLs. The levels of ELOVL1 (ELOVL Fatty Acid Elongase 1) mRNA parallel the VLCFA load in AMN and cALD OLs. Furthermore, cALD Ast expressed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines than AMN Ast and control Ast with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. These results document that IPSC-derived Ast and OLs from cALD and AMN fibroblasts mimic the respective biochemical disease phenotypes and thus provide an ideal platform to investigate the mechanism of VLCFA load in cALD OLs and VLCFA-induced inflammatory disease mechanisms of cALD Ast and thus for testing of new therapeutics for AMN and cALD disease of X-ALD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mauhamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baarine
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mushfiquddin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Avtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Inderjit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000326:Adrenoleukodystrophy / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002648:Child; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids