title: Spasm in Arterial Grafts in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery.
abstract: Spasm of arterial grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is still a clinical problem, and refractory spasm can occasionally be lethal. Perioperative spasm in bypass grafts and coronary arteries has been reported in 0.43% of all coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, but this may be an underestimate. Spasm can develop not only in the internal mammary artery but more frequently in the right gastroepiploic and radial artery. The mechanism of spasm can involve many pathways, particularly those involving regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration. Endothelial dysfunction also plays a role in spasm. Depending on the clinical scenario, the possibility of spasm during and after coronary artery bypass grafting should be confirmed by angiography. If present, immediate intraluminal injection of vasodilators is often effective, although other procedures such as an intraaortic balloon pump or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may also become necessary to salvage the patient. Prevention of spasm involves many considerations, and the principles are discussed in this review article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University and Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Electronic address: gwhezj@163.com.
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Taggart
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013035:Spasm / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015996:Survival Rate