title: Oxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction.
abstract: During pregnancy, the placenta is a site of active oxygen metabolism that continuously generates oxidative stress (OS). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can destroy normal placental functions. Therefore, the feto-placental unit generates abundant antioxidants to keep OS under control. Properly controlled oxidative species have been proven to serve as indispensable cellular signal messengers by regulating gene expression and downstream cellular activities. OS also plays an important immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. Oxidative disorder and immune disturbances are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. In this review, we introduce recent studies revealing basal functions and regulatory roles of placental OS in metabolism and immunity. The relationships between OS- and pregnancy-related disorders are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Ju
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. wangmingxu118@163.com.
authors.forename: Wang-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Antioxidants; immunoregulation; intrauterine growth restriction; preeclampsia; spontaneous abortion