title: Phase transformation of Cu-rich precipitates from 9R to 3R variant via ledges mechanism in ferritic steel containing copper.
abstract: Precipitates and solute enrich in aged ferritic steel containing copper were examined using high-resolution electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Two ledges with one-atom and two-atom layers height in the 9R/3R interface were observed. The enrichment of copper into two successive closed-packed planes with an interval of Fe-rich close-packed plane was detected. The passage of the Shockley partial, or the shearing, changes the stacking sequence of closed-packed planes. Finally, 9R Cu variant transformed into 3R Cu variant.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: B X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: 3R structure; 9R structure; HRTEM; STEM; precipitation