title: Introducing the Body-QoL®: A New Patient-Reported Outcome Instrument for Measuring Body Satisfaction-Related Quality of Life in Aesthetic and Post-bariatric Body Contouring Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new patient-reported outcome instrument (PRO) to measure body-related satisfaction quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard 3-phase PRO design was followed; in the first phase, a qualitative design was used in 45 patients to develop a conceptual framework and to create preliminary scale domains and items. In phase 2, large-scale population testing on 1340 subjects was performed to reduce items and domains. In phase 3, final testing of the developed instrument on 34 patients was performed. Statistics used include Factor, RASCH, and multivariate regression analysis. Psychometric properties measured were internal reliability, item-rest, item-test, and test-retest correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PRO-developed instrument is composed of four domains (satisfaction with the abdomen, sex life, self-esteem and social life, and physical symptoms) and 20 items in total. The score can range from 20 (worst) to 100 (best). Responsiveness was 100 %, internal reliability 93.3 %, and test-retest concordance 97.7 %. Body image-related QoL was superior in men than women (p < 0.001) and decreased with increasing age (p = 0.004) and BMI (p < 0.001). Post-bariatric body contouring patients score lower than cosmetic patients in all domains of the Body-QoL instrument (p < 0.001). After surgery, the score improves by on average 21.9 ± 16.9 (effect size 1.8, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Body satisfaction-related QoL can be measured reliably with the Body-QoL instrument. It can be used to quantify the improvement in cosmetic and post-bariatric patients including non- or minimally invasive procedures, suction assisted lipectomy, abdominoplasty, lipoabdominoplasty, and lower body lift and to give an evidence-based approach to standard practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile. drstefandanilla@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danilla
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sócrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aedo
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jara
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Himdani
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristián
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taladriz
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Lazo
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristián
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erazo
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrades
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
mesh_terms: D061645:Abdominoplasty; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001504:Beauty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body contouring; Body image; Massive weight loss; Patient-reported outcome measurement; Scale