title: Treadmill walking in water induces greater respiratory muscle fatigue than treadmill walking on land in healthy young men.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of walking in water on respiratory muscle fatigue compared with that of walking on land at the same exercise intensity. Ten healthy males participated in 40-min treadmill walking trials on land and in water at an intensity of 60% of peak oxygen consumption. Respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated before and after walking trials. Inspiratory muscle strength and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly decreased immediately after walking in water, and expiratory muscle strength was significantly decreased immediately and 5 min after walking in water compared with the baseline. The decreases of inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength were significantly greater compared with that after walking on land. In conclusion, greater inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue was induced by walking in water than by walking on land at the same exercise intensity in healthy young men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashina
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. yokoyama@sports.osaka-cu.ac.jp.|Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. yokoyama@sports.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisayo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naghavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.|Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.|Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.|Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Respiratory function; Respiratory muscle strength; Walking in water; Walking on land