title: Essential Oil of Amomum maximum Roxb. and Its Bioactivities against Two Stored-Product Insects.
abstract: Amomum maximum Roxb. is a perennial herb distributed in South China and Southeast Asia. The objective of this work was to analyze the chemical constituents and assess insecticidal and repellent activities of the essential oil from Amomum maximum fruits against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of the essential oil were identified to be β-pinene (23.39%), β-caryophyllene (16.43%), α-pinene (7.55%), sylvestrene (6.61%) and ç-cadinene (4.19%). It was found that the essential oil of A. maximum fruits possessed contact and fumigant toxicities against T. castaneum adults (LD50 = 29.57 μg/adult and LC(50) = 23.09 mg/L air, respectively) and showed contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila (LD(50) = 67.46 μg/cm(2)). Repellency of the crude oil was also evaluated. After 2 h treatment, the essential oil possessed 100% repellency at 78.63 nL/cm(2) against T. castaneum and 84% repellency at 63.17 nL/cm(2) against L. bostrychophila. The results indicated that the essential oil of A. maximum fruits had the potential to be developed as a natural insecticide and repellent for control of T. castaneum and L. bostrychophila.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chun-Xue
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Jun-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhu-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D035801:Amomum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002681:China; D057168:Distillation / Q000379:methods; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005651:Fumigation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D014231:Tribolium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C010789:beta-pinene; C024714:caryophyllene; C005451:alpha-pinene