title: Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone in Health and Adaptation: Tooth Movement.
abstract: The periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone are two critical tissues for understanding orthodontic tooth movement. The current literature is replete with descriptive studies of multiple cell types and their matrices in the PDL and alveolar bone, but is deficient with how stem/progenitor cells differentiate into PDL and alveolar bone cells. Can one type of orthodontic force with a specific magnitude and frequency activate osteoblasts, whereas another force type activates osteoclasts? This chapter will discuss the biology of not only mature cells and their matrices in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, but also stem/progenitor cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Key advances in tooth movement rely on further understanding of osteoblast and fibroblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, and osteoclastogenesis from the hematopoietic/monocyte lineage.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sahng Gyoon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mildred C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Embree
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Songhee Song
authors.forename: Heloisa F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Marao
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*