title: Genome Analysis of Staphylococcus agnetis, an Agent of Lameness in Broiler Chickens.
abstract: Lameness in broiler chickens is a significant animal welfare and financial issue. Lameness can be enhanced by rearing young broilers on wire flooring. We have identified Staphylococcus agnetis as significantly involved in bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in proximal tibia and femorae, leading to lameness in broiler chickens in the wire floor system. Administration of S. agnetis in water induces lameness. Previously reported in some cases of cattle mastitis, this is the first report of this poorly described pathogen in chickens. We used long and short read next generation sequencing to assemble single finished contigs for the genome and a large plasmid from the chicken pathogen. Comparison of the S. agnetis genome to those of other pathogenic Staphylococci shows that S.agnetis contains a distinct repertoire of virulence determinants. Additionally, the S. agnetis genome has several regions that differ substantially from the genomes of other pathogenic Staphylococci. Comparison of our finished genome to a recent draft genome for a cattle mastitis isolate suggests that future investigations focus on the evolutionary epidemiology of this emerging pathogen of domestic animals.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.|Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
authors.forename: Adnan A K
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Rubaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America.
authors.forename: M Brian
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Couger
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.|Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sohita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.affiliation: Arkansas High Performance Computing Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jeff F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pummill
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Koon
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.|Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wideman
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.|Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Rhoads
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S