title: Three-dimensional mapping and intracardiac echocardiography in the treatment of sinoatrial nodal tachycardias.
abstract: Three-dimensional mapping and intracardiac echocardiography are important tools for the study of the site of origin of an arrhythmia and its substrate. This review examines the application of these techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of sinoatrial tachycardias with a special focus on the syndrome of inappropriate sinus tachycardia. The use of these techniques in electrophysiologic mapping and interventions such as catheter ablation is discussed. Three-dimensional mapping provides unique insights into the generation of normal and abnormal sinus impulses in man and their propagation in the atrium. It permits precise placement of ablation lesions and assessment of real-time electrophysiologic impact of these interventions. Intracardiac echocardiography provides delineation of important anatomic structures in the vicinity of the sinoatrial node complex and monitors the safety of interventions such as catheter ablation.
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Research Foundation, 161 Washington Valley Road, Suite 201, Warren, NJ, 07059, USA.|Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 07059, USA.
authors.forename: Ranghadham
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagarakanti
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Research Foundation, 161 Washington Valley Road, Suite 201, Warren, NJ, 07059, USA. cmenj@aol.com.|Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 07059, USA. cmenj@aol.com.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saksena
mesh_terms: D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D013616:Tachycardia, Sinus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Cardiac mapping; Intracardiac echocardiography; Sinoatrial tachycardia; Sinus tachycardia