title: Evaluation of Stain Penetration by Beverages in Demineralized Enamel Treated With Resin Infiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate stain penetration by different beverages in artificially demineralized human teeth treated with resin infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted human permanent molars were demineralized, treated with resin infiltration (Icon), and immersed in four different beverages (coffee, grape juice, iced tea, and distilled water; N=15) for four weeks. After aging, teeth in the distilled water group were stained with 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. All teeth were sectioned, and stain penetration was evaluated under light microscopy. Chi-square test, independent and paired sample t-test, analysis of variance with the Fisher least significant difference post hoc test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the results (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resin infiltration-treated surfaces (Icon surfaces) had statistically significant fewer samples with presence of stain penetration compared to untreated surfaces (control surfaces) (p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in depth of stain penetration in Icon surfaces compared to the control surfaces (p<0.001). Among tested beverage groups, iced tea showed significantly greater depth of stain penetration (0.134±0.029 mm), followed by grape juice (0.118±0.047 mm), methylene blue (0.022±0.019 mm), and coffee (0.008±0.017 mm; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Icon and control surfaces exhibit stain penetration by different beverages (iced tea, grape juice, and coffee). However, resin-infiltrated enamel surfaces allow significantly less depth of stain penetration compared to untreated surfaces. The iced tea group presents greatest depth of stain penetration, followed by grape juice, methylene blue, and coffee.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meharry
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D003069:Coffee; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003743:Dental Enamel; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins