title: Association between Smoking and the Progression of Computed Tomography Findings in Chronic Pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking and alcohol intake are two wellknown risk factors for chronic pancreatitis. However, there are few studies examining the association between smoking and changes in computed tomography (CT) findings in chronic pancreatitis. The authors evaluated associations between smoking, drinking and the progression of calcification on CT in chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 59 patients with chronic pancreatitis who had undergone initial and follow-up CT between January 2002 and September 2010 were included. Progression of calcification among CT findings was compared according to the amount of alcohol intake and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of followup was 51.6 months (range, 17.1 to 112.7 months). At initial CT findings, there was pancreatic calcification in 35 patients (59.3%). In the follow-up CT, progression of calcification was observed in 37 patients (62.7%). Progression of calcification was more common in smokers according to the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR], 9.987; p=0.006). The amount of smoking was a significant predictor for progression of calcification in the multivariate analysis (OR, 6.051 in less than 1 pack per day smokers; OR, 36.562 in more than 1 pack per day smokers; p=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continued smoking accelerates pancreatic calcification, and the amount of smoking is associated with the progression of calcification in chronic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Gak
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Joong Goo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Calcification; Computed tomography; Pancreatitis, chronic; Smoking