title: Surgical Site Infection Rates in Four Cities in Brazil: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no data on surgical site infection (SSI) rates stratified by surgical procedures (SPs) in Brazil, and our objective was to report such rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2005 to December 2010 we conducted a surveillance study on SSIs in four hospital members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in four Brazilian cities. We applied the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network's (CDC-NHSN's) surveillance methods. Surgical procedures were classified into following types following International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recorded 349 SSIs, associated to 61,863 SPs (0.6%; [CI], 0.5-0.6). SSI rates per type of SP were compared with INICC and CDC-NHSN reports, respectively: 2.9% for cardiac surgery (vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001 vs. 1.3%, p = 0.001); 0.4% for cesarean section (vs. 0.7%, p = 0.001 vs. 1.8%, p = 0.001); 5.4% for craniotomy (vs. 4.4% p = 0.447 vs. 2.6% p = 0.005) and 1.1% for vaginal hysterectomy (vs. 2.0% p = 0.102 vs. 0.9% p = 0.499.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our SSI rates were greater in two of the four analyzed types of SPs compared with CDC-NHSN, but similar to most INICC rates. These findings on the epidemiology of SSI in Brazil will enable us to introduce targeted interventions for infection control.
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital Maternidade Santa Joana , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richtmann
authors.affiliation: 2 Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil .
authors.forename: Erci Maria Onzi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Siliprandi
authors.affiliation: 3 International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium , Buenos Aires, Argentina .
authors.forename: Victor D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: 4 Hospital Anchieta LTDA , Taguatinga, Brazil .
authors.forename: Tarquino Erástides G
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Universitario de Taubaté , Taubaté, Brazil .
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital Maternidade Santa Joana , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Tatiane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital Maternidade Santa Joana , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Sandra Regina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Baltieri
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital Maternidade Santa Joana , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camolesi
authors.affiliation: 1 Hospital Maternidade Santa Joana , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Camila de Almeida
authors.initials: Cde A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: 2 Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil .
authors.forename: Rodrigo Pires
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: 4 Hospital Anchieta LTDA , Taguatinga, Brazil .
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: 4 Hospital Anchieta LTDA , Taguatinga, Brazil .
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Apolinário
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Universitario de Taubaté , Taubaté, Brazil .
authors.forename: Gabriela Fagundes
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Stadtlober
authors.affiliation: 5 Hospital Universitario de Taubaté , Taubaté, Brazil .
authors.forename: Adriana Giunta
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cavaglieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*