title: Infection Risk for Persons Exposed to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Virus-Infected Birds, United States, December 2014-March 2015.
abstract: Newly emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A H5 viruses have caused outbreaks among birds in the United States. These viruses differ genetically from HPAI H5 viruses that previously caused human illness, most notably in Asia and Africa. To assess the risk for animal-to-human HPAI H5 virus transmission in the United States, we determined the number of persons with self-reported exposure to infected birds, the number with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) during a 10-day postexposure period, and the number with ARI who tested positive for influenza by real-time reverse transcription PCR or serologic testing for each outbreak during December 15, 2014-March 31, 2015. During 60 outbreaks in 13 states, a total of 164 persons were exposed to infected birds. ARI developed in 5 of these persons within 10 days of exposure. H5 influenza virus infection was not identified in any persons with ARI, suggesting a low risk for animal-to-human HPAI H5 virus transmission.
authors.forename: Carmen S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Arriola
authors.forename: Deborah I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Deliberto
authors.forename: Lenee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blanton
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kniss
authors.forename: Min Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Trock
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jhung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D053125:Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000635:transmission*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: H5 subtype; United States; avian influenza; avian influenza virus; birds; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; human exposure; influenza; risk of influenza illness; viruses