title: Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for quantification of piperazine in animal products by using precolumn derivatization.
abstract: A new high-performance liquid chromatography with ​fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was developed for determination of piperazine residues in food animal products. Samples were extracted with formic acid in water and purified using the PCX cartridge. Following purification, the samples were derivatized using dansyl chloride, and the analyte was separated using water/acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The calibration curves showed good linearity over a concentration range of 20-120 ng/g with coefficient of determination (R(2))⩾0.996. The intra-day accuracy (presented as recovery %) and precision (presented as relative standard deviation, RSD %) were 81-97.3% and 0.83-6.87%, whereas, the inter-day values were 80.5-96.8% and 1.7-6.8%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 20 ng/g, which was considerably lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL). The developed method was used to monitor market samples, and piperazine was not detected in any of the samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the detection of piperazine in various food and animal products by using a sensitive and reliable analytical method has been described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Soon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Kwan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: abdelaty44@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hshin@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D000077489:Piperazine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010879:Piperazines; D000077489:Piperazine
keywords: Derivatization; HPLC; Livestock products; Piperazine; Residue analysis; Sample preparation