title: T Helper Lymphocyte Subsets and Plasticity in Autoimmunity and Cancer: An Overview.
abstract: In response to cytokine signalling and other factors, CD4-positive T lymphocytes differentiate into distinct populations that are characterized by the production of certain cytokines and are controlled by different master transcription factors. The spectrum of such populations, which was initially limited to Th1 and Th2 subsets, is currently broadened to include Th17 and Treg subsets, as well as a number of less studied subtypes, such as Tfh, Th9, and Th22. Although these subsets appear to be relatively stable, certain plasticity exists that allows for transition between the subsets and formation of hybrid transition forms. This provides the immune system flexibility needed for adequate response to pathogens but, at the same time, can play a role in the pathogenic processes in cases of deregulation. In this review, we will discuss the properties of T lymphocyte subsets and their plasticity, as well as its implications for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Growth and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ekaterina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute for General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia ; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia ; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Orekhov
mesh_terms: D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000066670:Cell Plasticity / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology