title: Incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region, Uttar Pradesh state, India: A retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand and evaluate the significance of various aetiological factors in determining the incidence and dictating the patterns of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient records and radiographs for 144 patients treated for mandibular fractures were reviewed between the time periods from January 2012 to December 2013. Data on age, gender, aetiology, use of intoxicants, head injury, associated injuries, days of the week, anatomic site and multiple fractures within the mandible were recorded and assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum incidence of fractures was observed among the individuals in 3rd decade (35.4%) followed by 2nd and 4th decades, which exhibited 32 and 30 cases (22.2% and 20.8%), respectively. Male to female ratio was biased (4:1) portraying a male predominance. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were observed to be the predominant aetiological factor responsible accounting for 79.2% of the total injuries followed by assaults (11.8%) and falls (9%). Parasymphysis exhibited the highest incidence (32.63%) amongst the anatomic sites, followed by body (18.75%), angle (16.66%), condyle (15.27%), symphysis (12.50%), ramus (2.77%) and coronoid (1.38%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study reveals that majority of affected patients were in the 2nd and 3rd decades. A definitive relationship existed between RTA and the incidence of mandibular fractures. The frequency further increased with consumption of social intoxicants. The most commonly fractured site was parasymphysis either isolated or associated with other fractures in the mandible.
authors.affiliation: Professor and HOD, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Kolli Yada
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Aishwarya Pratap
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Ramakant
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dandriyal
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Niranjanaprasad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Indra
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Sunil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Shouvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Pilibhit By Pass Road, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, 243006.
authors.forename: Himanshu Pratap
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Associated injuries; Days of the week; Loss of consciousness; Mandibular fractures; Road traffic accident