title: Chondrogenic Differentiation Could Be Induced by Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds Without Exogenous Growth Factor.
abstract: We previously found that the combination of an autologous bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (aBMSC-dECM) scaffold with bone marrow stimulation could enhance hyaline cartilage regeneration. We suspected that chondrogenic differentiation could be induced by the aBMSC-dECM scaffold. This study aimed to investigate whether aBMSC-dECM scaffolds could promote chondrogenic differentiation without exogenous growth factors. BMSCs were seeded on aBMSC-dECM scaffolds and cultured in vitro with or without transforming growth factor-β3 (E(+) or E(-) group). Atelocollagen scaffolds were used as controls (C(+) or C(-) group). The chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated by histological, biochemical, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. After 3 weeks, cartilage-like tissue with a homogeneous structure, a high cartilaginous matrix content (proteoglycan and type II collagen), and high expression levels of cartilage-associated genes (COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9) were observed in the E(+), E(-), and C(+) groups. In addition, BMSCs in each scaffold (E group or C group) were preconditioned with chondrogenic media in vitro for 1 week, and then implanted in the backs of nude mice for 3 weeks. Three weeks later, cartilage matrix formation (proteoglycan and type II collagen) was achieved only in the E group, confirmed by safranin O staining and immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen. Taken together, these results indicate that aBMSC-dECM scaffolds could induce chondrogenic differentiation. Thus, they could be successful candidate scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|2 Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|3 China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|2 Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|3 China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Chengzhe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|2 Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|3 China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|2 Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|2 Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .|3 China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation