title: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pesticide Use and Knowledge of Smallholder Potato Farmers in Uganda.
abstract: In response to increased pest and disease problems, potato farmers use pesticides, which could raise environmental and health concerns. This study sought to promote proper and safe pesticide-handling practices by providing data needed to guide pesticide regulation policy and training for extension staff and farmers. A household survey was conducted in three major potato-growing agroecological zones of Uganda. Two hundred and four potato farmers were interviewed about the type and source of pesticides they use in potato cultivation, the frequency of applications, the use of protective clothing, and cases of pesticide poisoning. The types of pesticides used in potato were fungicides (72%), insecticides (62%), and herbicides (3%). Overall, use of personal protective equipment was low, that is, gumboots (73%), gloves (7%), face masks (16%), and long sleeve shirts (42%). Forty-three percent of farmers who applied pesticides reported having experienced skin itching, 25% skin burning sensation, 43% coughing, 60% a runny nose, 27% teary eyes, and 42% dizziness. An IPM approach involving only moderately to slightly hazardous pesticides when pest and disease incidence has reached economic injury levels and by considering all safety measures during application and storage would be environmentally recommendable and result in reduced health risks.
authors.affiliation: DCE Crop Systems Intensification and Climate Change (CSI-CC), International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 22274, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Joshua Sikhu
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Okonya
authors.affiliation: DCE Crop Systems Intensification and Climate Change (CSI-CC), International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kroschel
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000067565:Farmers; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000254:growth & development; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010575:Pesticides