title: Pyrethroid and DDT Resistance and Organophosphate Susceptibility among Anopheles spp. Mosquitoes, Western Kenya.
abstract: We conducted standard insecticide susceptibility testing across western Kenya and found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquito has acquired high resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, patchy resistance to carbamates, but no resistance to organophosphates. Use of non-pyrethroid-based vector control tools may be preferable for malaria prevention in this region.
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wanjala
authors.forename: Jernard P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mbugi
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ototo
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gesuge
authors.forename: Yaw A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Afrane
authors.forename: Harrysone E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Atieli
authors.forename: Guofa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Githeko
authors.forename: Guiyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control; D057147:Mosquito Nets; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003634:DDT
keywords: Africa; Anopheles; DDT; Kenya; arabiensis; carbamate; gambiae; insecticide resistance; malaria; mosquitoes; organophosphate; pyrethroid; sensu lato; sensu stricto; susceptibility; vector-borne infections