title: Work environment antecedents of bullying: A review and integrative model applied to registered nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on work environment antecedents of workplace bullying and proposes an integrative model of bullying applied to registered nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted on the databases PsycInfo, ProQuest, and CINAHL. Included in this review were empirical studies pertaining to work-related antecedents of workplace bullying in nurses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 articles were maintained in the review. An examination of these articles highlights four main categories of work-related antecedents of workplace bullying: job characteristics, quality of interpersonal relationships, leadership styles, and organizational culture. A conceptual model depicting the interplay between these factors in relation to bullying is also presented. Suggestions regarding other factors to incorporate within the model (e.g., individual factors, outcomes of bullying) are provided to increase our understanding of bullying in registered nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper hopes to guide future efforts in order to effectively prevent and/or address this problem and ultimately ensure patient safety and quality of care provided by health care organizations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: trepanier.sarah-genevieve@uqam.ca.
authors.forename: Sarah-Geneviève
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Trépanier
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernet
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boudrias
mesh_terms: D058445:Bullying; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Integrative model applied to registered nurses; Review; Work environment antecedents; Workplace bullying