title: Influence of tea saponin on enhancing accessibility of pyrene and cadmium phytoremediated with Lolium multiflorum in co-contaminated soils.
abstract: Tea saponin (TS), a kind of biodegradable surfactant, was chosen to improve the accessible solubilization of pyrene and cadmium (Cd) in co-contaminated soils cultivated Lolium multiflorum. TS obviously improved the accessibility of pyrene and Cd for L. multiflorum to accelerate the process of accumulation and elimination of the pollutants. The chemical forms of Cd was transformed from Fe-Mn oxides and associated to carbonates fractions into exchangeable fractions by adding TS in single Cd and pyrene-Cd contaminated soils. Moreover, the chemical forms of pyrene were transformed from associated fraction into bioaccessible fraction by adding TS in pyrene and pyrene-Cd contaminated soils. In pyrene-Cd contaminated soil, the exchangeable fraction of Cd was hindered in the existence of pyrene, and bioaccessible fraction of pyrene was promoted by the cadmium. Besides, in the process of the pyrene degradation and Cd accumulation, the effect could be improved by the elongation of roots with adding TS, and the microorganism activity was stimulated by TS to accelerate the removal of pollutions. Therefore, Planting L. multiflorum combined with adding TS would be an effective method on the phytoremediation of organics and heavy metals co-contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. lxy999@shu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011721:Pyrenes; D012503:Saponins; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002104:Cadmium; C030984:pyrene
keywords: Accessibility; Lolium multiflorum; Phytoremediation; Pyrene and Cadmium co-contaminated soils; Tea saponin