title: The isolated orbital floor fracture from a transconjunctival or subciliary perspective-A standardized anthropometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of orbital fractures and their repair on the rate of deformities of the lower eyelid is an ongoing source of discussion in the literature. Most of the present studies include isolated blow-out as well as combined orbital fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a retrospective evaluation of a series of 100 patients after isolated blow-out fracture repair using reference anthropometric data on standardized photographs. Analysis included eye fissure width and height, lid sulcus height, upper lid height, upper and lower iris coverage, position of cornea to palpebra inferior, canthal tilt, scleral show, ectropion and entropion. It was clearly distinguished between operated and contralateral eyelid, whether a transconjunctival or a subciliary approach was performed and amount of fracture. Our main interests were changes of the aforementioned parameters with regards to eyelid deformities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgery per se did not significantly influence eyelid deformities. However, the surgical approach selected significantly affected eye fissure index, lower iris coverage and rate of scleral show, indicating retraction of the lower eyelid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standardized measurements described here are accurate and objective to evaluate postoperative results. The subciliary approach included the highest risk of lower lid retraction as compared to transconjunctival approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial, Plastic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Universitätsklinikum Jena, D-07747 Jena ,Germany, raschke.gregor@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raschke
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Djedovic
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peisker
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wohlrath
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guentsch
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomez-Dammeier
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultze-Mosgau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D003228:Conjunctiva; D005143:Eyelids; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010781:Photography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies