title: Brazilein Suppresses Inflammation through Inactivation of IRAK4-NF-κB Pathway in LPS-Induced Raw264.7 Macrophage Cells.
abstract: The medicinal herbal plant has been commonly used for prevention and intervention of disease and health promotions worldwide. Brazilein is a bioactive compound extracted from Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Several studies have showed that brazilein exhibited the immune suppressive effect and anti-oxidative function. However, the molecular targets of brazilein for inflammation prevention have remained elusive. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of brazilein on LPS-induced inflammatory response in Raw264.7 macrophage cells. We demonstrated that brazilein decreased the expression of IRAK4 protein led to the suppression of MAPK signaling and IKKβ, and subsequent inactivation of NF-κB and COX2 thus promoting the expression of the downstream target pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-2, and IL-6 in LPS-induced Raw264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, we observed that brazilein reduced the production of nitrite compared to the control in LPS-induced Raw264.7. Thus, we suggest that brazilein might be a useful bioactive compound for the prevention of IRAK-NF-κB pathway associated chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-300, Korea. Kuijin.Kim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kui-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-300, Korea. beautyygy@naver.com.
authors.forename: Kye-Yoon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Chungnam 336-745, Korea. hyoun@suv.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyung-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea. seiryang@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Sei-Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-300, Korea. bylee@cha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Boo-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007192:Indenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D016207:Cytokines; D007192:Indenes; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C050295:brazilein; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases
keywords: IRAK4; MAPK; NF-κB; brazilein; functional food; health benefits; inflammation; toll-like receptors