title: Production of natural edible melanin by Auricularia auricula and its physicochemical properties.
abstract: Fermentation conditions of natural edible melanin by Auricularia auricula were optimized to obtain a high melanin yield and physicochemical properties of melanin were firstly investigated. The results indicated that yeast extract, tyrosine and lactose have significant effects on melanin production. Under the proposed optimized conditions, the melanin experimental yield (2.97 g/L) closely matched the value (3.04 g/L) predicted by the second-order model, which provided a statistically prediction of media in submerged fermentation of A. auricula. The yield achieved was 2.14-fold higher compared to the control. It was firstly revealed that tyrosine could stimulate melanin synthesis in A. auricula. The results showed that this melanin had better thermostability and light resistance, and its solubility was relatively high under alkaline conditions. Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) could result in melanin precipitation. The results should be useful for the efficient production of melanin and enable numerous applications in food, cosmetics, pharmacology, medicines and other fields.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: shjsun2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liaoyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhuhufafu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008543:Melanins; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: Auricularia auricula; Box–Behnken design; Fermentation optimization; Melanin; Physiochemical properties; Plackett–Burman design