title: The Subtle Balance between Lipolysis and Lipogenesis: A Critical Point in Metabolic Homeostasis.
abstract: Excessive accumulation of lipids can lead to lipotoxicity, cell dysfunction and alteration in metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. This is now a recognized risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The causes for lipotoxicity are not only a high fat diet but also excessive lipolysis, adipogenesis and adipose tissue insulin resistance. The aims of this review are to investigate the subtle balances that underlie lipolytic, lipogenic and oxidative pathways, to evaluate critical points and the complexities of these processes and to better understand which are the metabolic derangements resulting from their imbalance, such as type 2 diabetes and non alcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. chiara.saponaro@gmail.com.|Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy. chiara.saponaro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saponaro
authors.affiliation: Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. melania.gaggini@alice.it.|Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Molecolare Medica e di Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. melania.gaggini@alice.it.
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaggini
authors.affiliation: Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. fabrycarli@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Fabrizia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carli
authors.affiliation: Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy. amalia@ifc.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gastaldelli
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008066:Lipolysis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
keywords: HCC; NAFLD; SCD-1; de novo lipogenesis; ectopic fat; fatty liver; glyceroneogenesis; lipolysis; lipotoxicity; saturated fat