title: Response of Cytokines and Hydrogen Peroxide to Sporothrix schenckii Exoantigen in Systemic Experimental Infection.
abstract: The response of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cytokines during an experimental sporotrichosis in male Swiss mice was assessed over a period of 10 weeks by monitoring macrophage activation challenged with exoantigen (ExoAg) from the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. The studied endpoints were: H2O2 production, fungal burden at spleen, apoptosis in peritoneal macrophages, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10 production. During the two first weeks of infection was observed low burden of yeast in spleen and high response of H2O2, IL-2, and IL-1β. The weeks of highest fungal burden (fourth-sixth) coincided with major apoptosis in peritoneal macrophages, normal production of IL-6 and lower production of H2O2, IL-2, and IL-1β, suggesting a role for these three last in the early control of infection. On the other hand, IL-1β (but not IL-6) was recovered since the sixth week, suggesting a possible role in the late phase of infection, contributing to the fungal clearance in conjunction with the specific mechanisms. The IL-10 was elevated until the sixth, principally in the second week. These results evidences that ExoAg is involved in the host immune modulation, influencing the S. Schenckii virulence, and its role is related with the time of the infection in the model used.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Cardoso Geraldo
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine Alessandra
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Manente
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deivys Leandro
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Portuondo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.|Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos Rebuglio
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vellosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa Campos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Polesi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil.|Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Toxicology and Biomedicine Center (TOXIMED), Medical Science University, Autopista Nacional Km. 1 1/2, 90400, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batista-Duharte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n° 1621, Araraquara, SP, CEP 14.801-902, Brazil. carlosiz@fcfar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Iracilda Zeppone
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Carlos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000276:immunology*; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Apoptosis; Exoantigen; Hydrogen peroxide; Macrophage; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; S. schenckii