title: Feasibility of lettuce cultivation in sophoroliplid-enhanced washed soil originally polluted with Cd, antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant genes.
abstract: Vegetable cultivation in soils polluted with heavy metals, antibiotics and a high abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) can seriously threaten human health through the food chain. Therefore, novel techniques that not only remediate soil, but also ensure food security are urgently required. In the present study, two successive washings with 20gL(-1) of sophoroliplid solution plus ultrasonication (35kHz) were effective in extracting 71.2% Cd, 88.2% tetracycline, 96.6% sulfadiazine, and 100% roxithromycin. Simultaneously, relative abundance of ARGs (tetM, tetX, sulI, and sulII) was decreased to 10(-7)-10(-8) (ARG copies/16S copies). Further, lettuce cultivation in the 2nd washed soil showed significant improvement in vegetable growth indices (fresh/dry weight, root surface area, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content) and a decrease in isolate counts for antibiotic-resistant bacterial endophytes and ARG abundance in lettuce tissues. This combined cleanup strategy provides an environmentally friendly technology for ensuring vegetable security in washed soils.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: yemao@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, 210042, China.
authors.forename: Jinzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: jiangxin@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006017:Glycolipids; D018545:Lactuca / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013752:Tetracycline
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006017:Glycolipids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: Antibiotic-resistant genes; Lettuce cultivation; Mixed contaminated site; Soil washing; Sophoroliplid