title: Impact of Nutrition on Cerebral Circulation and Cognition in the Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: The increasing prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), defined as the clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, appears to be driving the global epidemics cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nutrition has a major impact on MetS and plays an important role in the prevention, development, and treatment of its features. Structural and functional alterations in the vasculature, associated with MetS, might form the link between MetS and the increased risk of developing CVD and T2DM. Not only does the peripheral vasculature seem to be affected, but the syndrome has a profound impact on the cerebral circulation and thence brain structure as well. Furthermore, strong associations are shown with stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. In this review the impact of nutrition on the individual components of MetS, the effects of MetS on peripheral and cerebral vasculature, and its consequences for brain structure and function will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. mellendijklaura@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mellendijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy &amp; Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. Maximilian.Wiesmann@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. Amanda.Kiliaan@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kiliaan
mesh_terms: D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Metabolic Syndrome; cerebral circulation; cognition; dementia; dyslipidemia; hyperglycemia; hypertension; nutrition; obesity