title: Extraction methods of Amaranthus sp. grain oil isolation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amaranthus sp. is a fast-growing crop with well-known beneficial nutritional values (rich in protein, fat, dietary fiber, ash, and minerals, especially calcium and sodium, and containing a higher amount of lysine than conventional cereals). Amaranthus sp. is an underexploited plant source of squalene, a compound of high importance in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This paper has examined the effects of the different extraction methods (Soxhlet, supercritical fluid and accelerated solvent extraction) on the oil and squalene yield of three genotypes of Amaranthus sp. grain. The highest yield of the extracted oil (78.1 g kg(-1) ) and squalene (4.7 g kg(-1) ) in grain was obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) in genotype 16. Post hoc Tukey's HSD test at 95% confidence limit showed significant differences between observed samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used for assessing the effect of different genotypes and extraction methods on oil and squalene yield, and also the fatty acid composition profile. Using coupled PCA and CA of observed samples, possible directions for improving the quality of product can be realized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that it is very important to choose both the right genotype and the right method of extraction for optimal oil and squalene yield. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krulj
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brlek
authors.affiliation: Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000, Beograd, Serbia.
authors.forename: Lato
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pezo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brkljača
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeković
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodroža Solarov
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D013185:Squalene
keywords: Amaranthus sp.; extraction methods; fatty acid; oil yield; squalene