title: Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on lipoprotein subfractions in diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Favorable metabolic changes have been observed in many in vitro and animal studies after application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2). Metabolic changes after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, especially focused on lipoprotein subfractions, have not been described in humans. Our aim was to investigate possible alteration in concentration of lipoprotein subfractions in diabetic patients after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  58 Type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in a prospective matched case-control study. A total of 31 underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and 27 were included in the control group without HBO2 exposure. Fasting concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions were measured by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel 24 hours before and 24 hours after hyperbaric sessions performed at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 15 days. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-peptide and glycemic variability were assessed before and after therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed decreased subfractions of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL 3), LDL 1, LDL 2 and LDL 3-7 after hyperbaric oxygen treatment. In addition, the IDL 1 subfraction, as well as the concentration of C-peptide, increased significantly in the treatment arm. Glycemic variability improved after therapy. No differences were observed in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is connected with antiatherogenic metabolic changes. This study demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy may hold potential for inducing metabolic changes in diabetic patients that may decrease their cardiovascular risk.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balaz
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komornikova
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sabaka
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendzala
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leichenbergova
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leichenbergova
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novy
authors.forename: Ludovit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dukat
mesh_terms: D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL