title: Inflammation, Bone Healing, and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: An Update.
abstract: Fracture healing is a unique multifaceted process requiring the presence of cells, molecular mediators, and angiogenic factors. The state of inflammation dominates the initial phase, but the ideal magnitude and duration of the process for an optimal outcome remains obscure. Biological response modifiers, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations, have been used to reconstitute the desirable early inflammatory state, but the results obtained remain inconclusive. Ongoing research to characterize and quantify the inflammatory response after bone fracture is essential in order to better understand the molecular insights of this localized reaction and to expand our armamentarium in the management of patients with an impaired fracture healing response. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs frequently administered for analgesia after trauma procedures continue to be a cause of concern for a successful bone repair response.
authors.affiliation: *Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; †Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom; ‡University of Colorado/Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; §London Health Sciences Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada; and ‖UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Berkeley Department of Bioengineering & Material Science, Berkeley, CA.
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hak
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donohoe
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tosounidis
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bahney
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010000:Osteitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents