title: High-throughput profiling for discovery of non-coding RNA biomarkers of lung disease.
abstract: In respiratory medicine there is a need for clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of response to therapy. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is expressed in all human cells; two major classes--long ncRNA and microRNA--are detectable extracellularly in the circulation and other biofluids. Altered ncRNA expression is associated with lung disease; collectively this indicates that ncRNA represents a potential biomarker class. This article presents and compares existing platforms for detection and quantification of ncRNA, specifically hybridization, qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing, and outlines methods for data interpretation and normalization. Each approach has merits and shortcomings, which can affect the choice of method when embarking on a biomarker study. Biomarker properties and pre-analytical considerations for ncRNA profiling are also presented. Since a variety of profiling approaches are available, careful study and experimental design are important. Finally, challenges and goals for reliable, standardized high-throughput ncRNA profiling in biofluids as lung disease biomarkers are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: a Respiratory Research, Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McKiernan
authors.affiliation: a Respiratory Research, Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: biomarker; long noncoding RNA; lung disease; microRNA; profiling