title: Hierarchical 3-dimensional nickel-iron nanosheet arrays on carbon fiber paper as a novel electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing.
abstract: Three-dimensional nickel-iron (3-D/Ni-Fe) nanostructures are exciting candidates for various applications because they produce more reaction-active sites than 1-D and 2-D nanostructured materials and exhibit attractive optical, electrical and catalytic properties. In this work, freestanding 3-D/Ni-Fe interconnected hierarchical nanosheets, hierarchical nanospheres, and porous nanospheres are directly grown on a flexible carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrate by a single-step hydrothermal process. Among the nanostructures, 3-D/Ni-Fe interconnected hierarchical nanosheets show excellent electrochemical properties because of its high conductivity, large specific active surface area, and mesopores on its walls (vide infra). The 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanosheet array modified CFP substrate is further explored as a novel electrode for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor application. The 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanosheet arrays exhibit significant catalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxidation of glucose, as compared to the 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanospheres, and porous nanospheres. The 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanosheet arrays can access a large amount of glucose molecules on their surface (mesopore walls) for an efficient electrocatalytic oxidation process. Moreover, 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanosheet arrays showed higher sensitivity (7.90 μA μM(-1) cm(-2)) with wide linear glucose concentration ranging from 0.05 μM to 0.2 mM, and the low detection limit (LOD) of 0.031 μM (S/N = 3) is achieved by the amperometry method. Further, the 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanosheet array modified CFP electrode can be demonstrated to have excellent selectivity towards the detection of glucose in the presence of 500-fold excess of major important interferents. All these results indicate that 3-D/Ni-Fe hierarchical nanosheet arrays are promising candidates for non-enzymatic glucose sensing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 ul. Kasprzaka, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. joaniek@ichf.edu.pl martinj@ichf.edu.pl and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore. emarsili@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Thandavarayan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maiyalagan
authors.affiliation: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore. emarsili@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marsili
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700098, India.
authors.forename: Srabanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 ul. Kasprzaka, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. joaniek@ichf.edu.pl martinj@ichf.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niedziolka-Jönsson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 ul. Kasprzaka, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. joaniek@ichf.edu.pl martinj@ichf.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jönsson-Niedziolka
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D004573:Electrolytes; D006878:Hydroxides; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D005947:Glucose; C029943:potassium hydroxide