title: Enhanced growth of influenza A virus by coinfection with human parainfluenza virus type 2.
abstract: It has been reported that dual or multiple viruses can coinfect epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. However, little has been reported on in vitro interactions of coinfected viruses. To explore how coinfection of different viruses affects their biological property, we examined growth of influenza A virus (IAV) and human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2) during coinfection of Vero cells. We found that IAV growth was enhanced by coinfection with hPIV2. The enhanced growth of IAV was not reproduced by coinfection with an hPIV2 mutant with reduced cell fusion activity, or by ectopic expression of the V protein of hPIV2. In contrast, induction of cell fusion by ectopic expression of the hPIV2 HN and F proteins augments IAV growth. hPIV2 coinfection supported IAV growth in cells originated from the respiratory epithelium. The enhancement correlated closely with cell fusion ability of hPIV2 in those cells. These results indicate that cell fusion induced by hPIV2 infection is beneficial to IAV replication and that enhanced viral replication by coinfection with different viruses can modify their pathological consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ihira
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yumine
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurudome
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. mnishio@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000254:growth & development*; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D010223:Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D015707:HN Protein; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins
keywords: Cell fusion; Coinfection; Human parainfluenza virus type 2; Influenza A virus