title: Advantages of radial volumetric breath-hold examination (VIBE) with k-space weighted image contrast reconstruction (KWIC) over Cartesian VIBE in liver imaging of volunteers simulating inadequate or no breath-holding ability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the superiority of radial volumetric breath-hold examination (r-VIBE) with k-space weighted image contrast reconstruction (KWIC) over Cartesian VIBE (c-VIBE) for reducing motion artefacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We acquired r-VIBE-KWIC and c-VIBE images in 10 healthy volunteers. Each acquisition lasted 24 seconds. The volunteers held their breath for decreasing lengths of time during the acquisitions, from 24 to 0 seconds (protocols A-E). Magnetic resonance images at the level of the right portal vein and confluence of hepatic veins were assessed by two readers using a five-point scale with a higher number indicating a better study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean scores for the complete r-VIBE-KWIC series (r-VIBEfull) and first r-VIBE-KWIC series (r-VIBE1) were not significantly lower than those for c-VIBE in any protocols. The mean scores for c-VIBE were lower than those for r-VIBEfull and r-VIBE1 in protocols C and D. The mean score for c-VIBE was lower than that for r-VIBEfull in protocol E. The mean score for the eighth r-VIBE-KWIC series (r-VIBE8) was lower than that for c-VIBE only in protocol B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  r-VIBE-KWIC minimised artefacts relative to c-VIBE at any slice location. The r-VIBE-KWIC's sub-frame images during the breath-holding period were hardly affected by another failed breath-holding period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • A two-reader study revealed r-VIBE-KWIC's advantages over c-VIBE • The image quality of r-VIBE-KWIC's sub-frame images was maintained during breath holding • Full-frame r-VIBE-KWIC images minimized motion artefacts caused by breathing • A complete breath holding over half the acquisition time is recommended for c-VIBE • c-VIBE was susceptible to respiratory motion especially in the subphrenic region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan. fujinaga@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujinaga
authors.affiliation: Radiology Division, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.affiliation: Radiology Division, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Radiology Division, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaru
authors.affiliation: Radiology Division, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiobara
authors.affiliation: Radiology Division, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.affiliation: Imaging & Therapy Systems Division, Siemens Japan. K. K., Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadoya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D062485:Breath Holding; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI; Liver; Motion artefact; Radial VIBE; k-space weighted image contrast