title: Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous study reported that arginyl-fructose may have great value as a functional food with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. However, there have been few clinical studies on the efficacy of arginyl-fructose supplementation for blood glucose control.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 Korean subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to placebo or test groups. The test group subjects received 1500 mg/day arginyl-fructose. Fasting serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and free fatty acids were measured by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Eleven subjects dropped out or were excluded during the trial. The data for the remaining 49 were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test and paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the 6-week intervention, the test group showed significant reductions in serum glucose levels at 30 minutes (-19.4 ± 5.62 mg/dL) and 60 minutes (-15.4 ± 7.01 mg/dL) and reduced glucose area under the curve (-27.4 ± 8.59 mg/dL) compared with those of the placebo control group. The changes (differences from baseline) in serum glucose levels at 60 minutes and glucose area under the curve in the test group differed significantly from those in the control group even after adjusting for baseline values. In contrast, glucose-related biomarkers including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention with arginyl-fructose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arginyl-fructose supplementation (1500 mg/day) may be beneficial for reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02285231 . Registered 11 May 2014.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, National Research Laboratory for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea. hyukhg@daum.net.
authors.forename: Su Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, CHA BioMed and Department of Applied Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 463-836, Republic of Korea. jhyun4615@naver.com.
authors.forename: Ok-Hwan
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, National Research Laboratory for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea. hyun4615@hanmail.net.|Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea. hyun4615@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, CHA BioMed and Department of Applied Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 463-836, Republic of Korea. lkh1@chamc.co.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hyoung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea. youngk@hnu.kr.
authors.forename: Young-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, CHA BioMed and Department of Applied Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, 463-836, Republic of Korea. hoe@cha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang Hoe
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, National Research Laboratory for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea. jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr.|Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea. jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005632:Fructose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C500257:fructosyl arginine