title: Psychopharmacology of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effects and Side Effects.
abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in children which manifests with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. Several drugs are used in treatment of ADHD. Stimulants, atomoxetine, anti-depressants, and bupropion are common medications used in the treatment of ADHD. Stimulants are widely used as the first line treatment in children with ADHD. Their mechanism of action is the release of dopamine and norepinephrine in central nervous system. Methylphenidate is the most common stimulant used for the treatment of ADHD. Methylphenidate significantly reduces ADHD symptoms in children both at home and school and improves their social skills. Methylphenidate is safe in healthy children and has shown to have no cardiac side effects in these patients. Other medications include: Atomoxetine, Amphetamines, Clonidine, Melatonin, and anti-depressants. Effects, side effects, and mechanism of action these drugs have been discussed in this paper.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golmirzaei
authors.affiliation: Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran. hamidrezamahboobi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahboobi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanparast
authors.forename: Gohar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Enayatollah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamzei
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011600:Psychopharmacology
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate