title: Self-Propelled Enzyme-Based Motors for Smart Mobile Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing.
abstract: A millimeter-sized tubular motor for mobile biosensing of H2O2 in environmental and relevant clinical samples is reported. The concept relies on the self-propelled motion by the Marangoni effect, where the asymmetric release of SDS surfactant induces fluid convection and rapid dispersion of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme into the sample solution. This efficient movement together with the continuous release of fresh enzyme leads to greatly accelerated enzymatic reaction processes without the need of external stirring or chemical and physical attachment of the enzyme as in common classical biosensing approaches. In this strategy, the use of a single millimeter-sized tubular motor during 120 s allows the reliable and accurate quantification of hydrogen peroxide in a set of different matrices such as tap and mineral waters, urine, plasma, and tumor cell cultures treated with antineoplasic Cisplatin without any previous sample preparation. Furthermore, detection can be performed electrochemically, optically, and via visual detection, which makes this approach a clear candidate as a point-of-care analytical tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno-Guzman
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jodra
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel-Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escarpa
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D055620:Optical Phenomena
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D002945:Cisplatin