title: Flavonoids as dopaminergic neuromodulators.
abstract: METHODS
  The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate flavonoids effects on organic cation uptake in neuronal cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uptake experiments were conducted using radiolabeled methyl-4-phenylpyridinuim ([(3) H]-MPP(+) ), in human neuronal dopaminergic cells, SH-SY5Y. Catechin did not alter [(3) H]-MPP(+) uptake, however its metabolite 4'-methyl-catechin decreased it by almost 50%. Epicatechin and its methylated metabolites also decreased [(3) H]-MPP(+) uptake. Interestingly, the quercetin flavonol and its metabolite conjugated with glucuronic acid, as well as the flavanones naringenin and hesperitin, increased [(3) H]-MPP(+) uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that different classes of flavonoids, as well as its metabolites, differently influence neuronal organic cation uptake. Several xeno- and endobiotics, including neurotransmitters, are organic cations. Specific food recommendations may be beneficial in pathological conditions where levels of neurotransmitters, as dopamine, are either increased or decreased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Augusta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vieira-Coelho
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Espanha.
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos-Buelga
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Espanha.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Manzano
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Espanha.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dueñas
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.|CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Conceição
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calhau
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002412:Cations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002460:Cell Line; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010879:Piperazines; C043425:vanoxerine; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Dopamine transporter; Dopaminergic cells; Flavonoids; Methyl-4-phenylpyridinuim; Organic cation transport