title: GPI-AP release in cellular, developmental, and reproductive biology.
abstract: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) contain a covalently linked GPI anchor located on outer cell membranes. GPI-APs are ubiquitously conserved from protozoa to vertebrates and are critical for physiological events such as development, immunity, and neurogenesis in vertebrates. Both membrane-anchored and soluble GPI-APs play a role in regulating their protein conformation and functional properties. Several pathways mediate the release of GPI-APs from the plasma membrane by vesiculation or cleavage. Phospholipases and putative substrate-specific GPI-AP-releasing enzymes, such as NOTUM, glycerophosphodiesterase 2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme, have been characterized in mammals. Here, the protein modifications resulting from the cleavage of the GPI anchor are discussed in the context of its physiological functions.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ikawa@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003585:Cell Biology; D015509:Developmental Biology / Q000379:methods*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: GPIase; IZUMO1 receptor/JUNO; gene expression; genetics; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein; glypican; membranes; phospholipases; phospholipids/phosphatidylinositol; reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs; testis-expressed gene 101