title: Primary canaliculitis: The incidence, clinical features, outcome and long-term epiphora after snip-punctoplasty and curettage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence, clinical features and outcome of primary canaliculitis with special reference to long-term epiphora after Snip-punctoplasty and curettage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single center, retrospective, telephonic questionnaire study. The medical records of patients who visited Orbit and Oculoplasty clinic, Tertiary Eye Hospital, India from 01 July 2011 to 31 June 2012 were analyzed. Records of the patients with primary canaliculitis were reviewed for clinical profile and management. Post-surgical patients thus identified were telephonically contacted in December 2012. Questionnaire was used to assess the postsurgical epiphora. Symptomatic patients were given clinic appointment, reassessed and managed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2245 patients visited Orbit and Oculoplasty clinic during the study period. The incidence of primary canaliculitis was 1.4% (31 patients). The median age of the patients with canaliculitis was 65 years (range, 14-80 yrs). Sixteen patients were male. All cases were unilateral and four eyes showed both upper and lower canalicular involvement. The commonest clinical presentations were pus or concretion from punctum (28), mucous discharge (23), epiphora (18) and conjunctival injection (18). Three snip punctoplasty and canalicular curettage was performed in 30 of these patients. Twenty of the 25 available culture results were positive and streptococcus species was the most common isolated organism. Records revealed that five (22%) of these patients had persistence of symptoms. Twenty-three patients could be contacted telephonically. The median follow-up of these patients was 11 months. On telephonic communication we found that two (8.7%) patients had epiphora. Munk epiphora score in these patients was three and one respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of canaliculitis was 1.4%. Most common isolate was streptococcus species. Snip-punctoplasty and curettage is a safe and efficacious modality of treatment of canaliculitis. Post-operative epiphora occurred in 8.7% patients.
authors.affiliation: DNB Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, 1, Anna-Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625020, India.
authors.forename: Usha R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: MS Ophthalmology, Fellowship Orbit and Oculoplasty, Aravind Eye Hospital, 1, Anna-Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625020, India.
authors.forename: Bhagwati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wadwekar
authors.affiliation: DNB Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, 1, Anna-Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625020, India.
authors.forename: Lalitha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prajna
keywords: Canaliculitis; Canaliculotomy; Canaliculus; Concretions; Punctoplasty; Snip; Watering