title: Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced inflammatory cytokines production in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.
abstract: Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), a unique and main active ingredient of Panax notoginseng, has been described to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. However, its protective effects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced inflammatory injury in vascular endothelial cells have not been clarified. In the present study, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of NG-R1 on oxLDL-induced endothelial cells and its possible molecular mechanism of action. Our results showed that NG-R1 treatment significantly attenuated oxLDL-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. These effects were accompanied with suppression of oxLDL-induced activation of NF-κB and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Moreover, NG-R1 also increased in Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) protein expression and transcription levels, and attenuated oxLDL-induced suppression of PPARγ expression. The inhibition of NG-R1 on oxLDL-induced TNF-α and IL-1β productions can be reversed by PPARγ antagonist GW9662. In conclusion, these data suggested that NG-R1 could suppress oxLDL-induced inflammatory cytokines production via activating PPARγ, which subsequently inhibiting oxLDL-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Shijing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming 650000, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China; College of Resources Science Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Engineering Research Center of Sanqi Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yun Nan Province, Kunming 650000, China. Electronic address: zws@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C072936:notoginsenoside R1
keywords: Endothelial cell; Inflammatory cytokines; Notoginsenoside R1; Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ