title: Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to pre-eclampsia in Iranian women: A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) is an important replicated PE candidate gene, and few studies have evaluated the direct association of TGF-β polymorphisms and risk to PE. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between three SNPs of TGF-β1 and serum level of this cytokine in PE patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study the polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 gene at the coding region, and positions 29T→C (Leu 10 Pro), 74G→C (Arg 25 Pro) and 788C→T (Thr 263 Ile) were studied in 123 PE and 120 normal subjects using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR-(RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR methods. Moreover, serum TGF-β1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At positions 74G→C and 29T→C the genotypes and allele frequencies showed no significant differences between PE patients and normal controls (P=0.3 and P=0.5 respectively). While in the case of position 788C→T both genotypes and allele frequencies were significantly different between PE patients and controls (P=0.02). Haplotype analysis on three polymorphic sites showed no significant differences between PE and control individuals (P=0.8). TGC and CGC haplotypes were the most frequent in both studied groups. The mean serum TGF-β1 level was significantly higher (62.73ng/ml) in PE patients compared with pregnant (47.01ng/ml) and non-pregnant (40.68ng/ml) control groups (P=0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that TGF-β1 gene 788C→T polymorphism is an important factor mediating the casual pathway of preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: masoudkhani57@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khani
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: amanid@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Davar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amani
authors.affiliation: Department of Infertility and Reproductive, Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Robabeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taheripanah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanadgol
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sadegh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feizollahzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rahmani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D009154:Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: Cytokine; Preeclampsia; SNPs; TGF-β1