title: Comparative clinical evaluation of Boerhavia diffusa root extract with standard Enalapril treatment in Canine chronic renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complementing herbal drugs with conservative modern treatment could improve renal condition in canine chronic renal failure (CRF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, clinical evaluation of Boerhavia diffusa root extract was carried out in CRF in dogs in comparison with standard enalapril.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 dogs of mixed breeds suffering from CRF from 1 to 2 months were divided into two groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: Group I - Enalapril at 0.5 mg/kg p.o. once daily for 90 days + amoxicillin and cloxacillin at 25 mg/kg i.m. once daily for 1-week; Group II - B. diffusa root extract at 500 mg p.o per dog daily for 90 days. Both groups were maintained on a supportive fluid therapy. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post-hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRF caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, urinary protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and glutamyl transferase (GGT). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin and total erythrocyte count (TEC) was also observed. Nephrosonography revealed indistinct corticomedullary junction, altered renal architecture, hyper-echoic cortex, medulla, and sunken kidneys. Both the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by day 30. Serum Creatinine, urea nitrogen, phosphorus, urinary protein, ALP, and GGT showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction by day 60 in both the treatments. However, potassium levels were normalized only by B. diffusa root extract treatment by day 30. Both the treatments failed to show a significant improvement in nephrosonographic picture even after 90 days posttreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the efficacy of B. diffusa root extract was comparable to standard enalapril treatment of CRF in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Super Speciality Hospital, Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nethaji Lokeswar
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Oburai
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: V Vaikunta
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ram Babu Naik
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bonath
keywords: Boerhavia diffusa; chronic renal failure; dogs; enalapril; nephrosonography