title: Portal Hypertension in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Diagnostic Accuracy of Spleen Stiffness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of spleen stiffness (SS) and liver stiffness (LS) measured by using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in the diagnosis of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis, with the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) as a reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this prospective single-center study. From February 2012 to August 2013, 60 patients with liver cirrhosis (mean age, 70.8 years; age range, 34-88 years; 34 men, 26 women) with HVPG, LS, and SS measurements and gastrointestinal endoscopy and laboratory data were included if they met the following criteria: no recent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, no history of splenectomy, no history of partial splenic embolization, no history of β-blocker therapy, and absence of portal thrombosis. The efficacy of the parameters for the evaluation of portal hypertension was analyzed by using the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation coefficient between SS and HVPG (r = 0.876) was significantly better than that between LS and HVPG (r = 0.609, P < .0001). The areas under the ROC curve of SS for the identification of clinically important portal hypertension (HVPG ≥ 10 mm Hg), severe portal hypertension (HVPG ≥ 12 mm Hg), esophageal varices (EVs), and high-risk EVs were significantly higher (0.943, 0.963, 0.937, and 0.955, respectively) than those of LS, spleen diameter, platelet count, and platelet count to spleen diameter ratio (P < .05 for all). SS could be used to accurately rule out the presence of clinically important portal hypertension, severe portal hypertension, EVs, and high-risk EVs (negative likelihood ratios, 0.051, 0.056, 0.054, and 0.074, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SS is reliable and has better diagnostic performance than LS for identifying portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takuma
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nouso
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomokuni
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takabatake
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsueda
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Gastroenterology (Y.T., Y.M., H.T., K.M., H.Y.) and Laboratory Medicine (J.T., A.S.), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (K.N.).
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*