title: Once Upon a Time: The Adaptive Immune Response in Atherosclerosis--a Fairy Tale No More.
abstract: Extensive research has been carried out to decipher the function of the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis, with the expectation that it will pave the road for the design of immunomodulatory therapies that will prevent or reverse the progression of the disease. All this work has led to the concept that some T- and B-cell subsets are proatherogenic, whereas others are atheroprotective. In addition to the immune response occurring in the spleen and lymph nodes, it has been shown that lymphoid neo-genesis takes place in the adventitia of atherosclerotic vessels, leading to the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs where an adaptive immune response can be mounted. Whereas the mechanisms orchestrating the formation of these organs are becoming better understood, their impact on atherosclerosis progression remains unclear. Several potential therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis, such as protective vaccination against atherosclerosis antigens or inhibiting the activation of proatherogenic B cells, have been proposed based on our improving knowledge of the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis. These strategies have shown success in preclinical studies, giving hope that they will lead to clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Unité 1148, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU FIRE, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Borgne
authors.affiliation: Unité 1148, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU FIRE, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caligiuri
authors.affiliation: Unité 1148, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU FIRE, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D063194:Adventitia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors