title: Functional Inactivation of Putative Photosynthetic Electron Acceptor Ferredoxin C2 (FdC2) Induces Delayed Heading Date and Decreased Photosynthetic Rate in Rice.
abstract: Ferredoxin (Fd) protein as unique electron acceptor, involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes, which is indispensable for plant growth. The molecular mechanisms of Fd such as regulation of electron partitioning, impact of photosynthetic rate and involvement in the carbon fixing remain elusive in rice. Here we reported a heading date delay and yellowish leaf 1 (hdy1) mutant derived from Japonica rice cultivar "Nipponbare" subjected to EMS treatment. In the paddy field, the hdy1 mutant appeared at a significantly late heading date and had yellow-green leaves during the whole growth stage. Further investigation indicated that the abnormal phenotype of hdy1 was connected with depressed pigment content and photosynthetic rate. Genetic analysis results showed that the hdy1 mutant phenotype was caused by a single recessive nuclear gene mutation. Map-based cloning revealed that OsHDY1 is located on chromosome 3 and encodes an ortholog of the AtFdC2 gene. Complementation and overexpression, transgenic plants exhibited the mutant phenotype including head date, leaf color and the transcription levels of the FdC2 were completely rescued by transformation with OsHDY1. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression product of OsHDY1 was detected in almost all of the organs except root, whereas highest expression levels were observed in seeding new leaves. The lower expression levels of HDY1 and content of iron were detected in hdy1 than WT's. The FdC2::GFP was detected in the chloroplasts of rice. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of many photosynthetic electron transfer related genes in hdy1 were higher than WT. Our results suggest that OsFdC2 plays an important role in photosynthetic rate and development of heading date by regulating electron transfer and chlorophyll content in rice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Zhennan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Banpu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Dali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Guangheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Deyong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Xingming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Longbiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004583:Electrons; D005288:Ferredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000502:physiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D005288:Ferredoxins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll