title: Analysis of Bone Repair and Inflammatory Process Caused by Simvastatin Combined With PLGA+HA+βTCP Scaffold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the tissue and inflammatory responses to the use of simvastatin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA+βTCP) scaffold for bone repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two defects of 5 mm in diameter were made in the calvaria of rats, which were shared into the following 6 groups: naive, sham, vehicle, PLGA+HA+βTCP scaffold, simvastatin (4 mg/mL), and simvastatin with the scaffold. Tissue samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. Inflammation was evaluated by interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha quantification and by a hemogram, whereas bone repair was evaluated using densitometry and scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc tests (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increased cytokine expression in the scaffold and simvastatin groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) 1 day after surgery but no alterations on the hemogram were observed. It was found on bone tissue samples that 60 days after surgery all groups presented similar densitometry values and morphology characteristics, despite the occurrence of bone formation delay in the simvastatin group (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of simvastatin and PLGA+HA+βTCP scaffold, associated or not, did not lead to improvement in bone repair.
authors.affiliation: *PhD Student, Department of Dentistry, Implantology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. †PhD Student, Department of Physiological Sciences, Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. ‡Professor, Department of Physiological Sciences, Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. §Professor, Department of Dentistry, Radiology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. ¶Professor, Department of Public Health, Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. ‖PostDoctoral, Department of Stomatology, Implantology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. #Professor, Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. **Professor, Department of Morphological Sciences, Anatomy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isis Carvalho
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Encarnação
authors.forename: Carlos Clessius Ferreira
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Franciane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bobinski
authors.forename: Adair Roberto Soares
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: Sergio Fernando Torres
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Aguedo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aragonez
authors.forename: Eliane Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Goldfeder
authors.forename: Mabel Mariela Rodríguez
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019821:Simvastatin; C018392:tricalcium phosphate