title: The LBP/BPI multigenic family in invertebrates: Evolutionary history and evidences of specialization in mollusks.
abstract: LBPs (lipopolysaccharide binding proteins) and BPIs (bactericidal permeability increasing proteins) are important proteins involved in defense against bacterial pathogens. We recently discovered a novel biocidal activity of a LBP/BPI from the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata and demonstrated its role in parental immune protection of eggs, highlighting the importance of LBP/BPIs in invertebrate immunity. Here we characterize four additional LBP/BPI from B. glabrata, presenting conserved sequence architecture and exon-intron structure. Searches of invertebrate genomes revealed that existence of LBP/BPIs is not a conserved feature since they are absent from phyla such as arthropods and platyhelminths. Analyses of LBP/BPI transcripts from selected mollusk species showed recent parallel duplications in some species, including B. glabrata. In this snail species, LBP/BPI members vary in their expression tissue localization as well as their change in expression levels after immune challenges (Gram-negative bacterium; Gram-positive bacterium or yeast). These results, together with the predicted protein features provide evidences of functional specialization of LBP/BPI family members in molluscs.
authors.affiliation: INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 Route des Chappes, 06 900 Sophia Antipolis, France; Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9022 CNRS, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Electronic address: Olga.Baron@sophia.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Olga Lucia
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.affiliation: INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 Route des Chappes, 06 900 Sophia Antipolis, France. Electronic address: emeline.deleury@sophia.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deleury
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9022 CNRS, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Electronic address: JM.Reichhart@ibmc-cnrs.unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reichhart
authors.affiliation: INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 Route des Chappes, 06 900 Sophia Antipolis, France. Electronic address: Christine.coustau@sophia.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coustau
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D020440:Gene Duplication; D007109:Immunity; D007448:Invertebrates; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012908:Snails / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D059467:Transcriptome; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein
keywords: Antimicrobial protein; Biomphalaria glabrata; Invertebrate immunity; LBP/BPI