title: Stem Cell Therapies in Orthopaedic Trauma.
abstract: Stem cells offer great promise to help understand the normal mechanisms of tissue renewal, regeneration, and repair, and also for development of cell-based therapies to treat patients after tissue injury. Most adult tissues contain stem cells and progenitor cells that contribute to homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Multiple stem and progenitor cell populations in bone are found in the marrow, the endosteum, and the periosteum. They contribute to the fracture healing process after injury and are an important component in tissue engineering approaches for bone repair. This review focuses on current concepts in stem cell biology related to fracture healing and bone tissue regeneration, as well as current strategies and limitations for clinical cell-based therapies.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA; †Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ‡Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; §Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; ‖Institute of Orthopedics "Carlos E. Ottolenghi," Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina; and ¶Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Ralph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marcucio
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nauth
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bahney
authors.forename: Nicolas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Piuzzi
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muschler
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miclau
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000276:immunology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines