title: Six-dimensional real and reciprocal space small-angle X-ray scattering tomography.
abstract: When used in combination with raster scanning, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has proven to be a valuable imaging technique of the nanoscale, for example of bone, teeth and brain matter. Although two-dimensional projection imaging has been used to characterize various materials successfully, its three-dimensional extension, SAXS computed tomography, poses substantial challenges, which have yet to be overcome. Previous work using SAXS computed tomography was unable to preserve oriented SAXS signals during reconstruction. Here we present a solution to this problem and obtain a complete SAXS computed tomography, which preserves oriented scattering information. By introducing virtual tomography axes, we take advantage of the two-dimensional SAXS information recorded on an area detector and use it to reconstruct the full three-dimensional scattering distribution in reciprocal space for each voxel of the three-dimensional object in real space. The presented method could be of interest for a combined six-dimensional real and reciprocal space characterization of mesoscopic materials with hierarchically structured features with length scales ranging from a few nanometres to a few millimetres--for example, biomaterials such as bone or teeth, or functional materials such as fuel-cell or battery components.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.affiliation: Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zaslansky
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jud
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebi
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guizar-Sicairos
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.|Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D014070:Tooth / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen