title: Elemental balance of SRF production process: solid recovered fuel produced from municipal solid waste.
abstract: In the production of solid recovered fuel (SRF), certain waste components have excessive influence on the quality of product. The proportion of rubber, plastic (hard) and certain textiles was found to be critical as to the elemental quality of SRF. The mass flow of rubber, plastic (hard) and textiles (to certain extent, especially synthetic textile) components from input waste stream into the output streams of SRF production was found to play the decisive role in defining the elemental quality of SRF. This paper presents the mass flow of polluting and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in SRF production. The SRF was produced from municipal solid waste (MSW) through mechanical treatment (MT). The results showed that of the total input chlorine content to process, 55% was found in the SRF and 30% in reject material. Of the total input arsenic content, 30% was found in the SRF and 45% in fine fraction. In case of cadmium, lead and mercury, of their total input content to the process, 62%, 38% and 30%, respectively, was found in the SRF. Among the components of MSW, rubber material was identified as potential source of chlorine, containing 8.0 wt.% of chlorine. Plastic (hard) and textile components contained 1.6 and 1.1. wt.% of chlorine, respectively. Plastic (hard) contained higher lead and cadmium content compared with other waste components, i.e. 500 mg kg(-1) and 9.0 mg kg(-1), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Research Group, Plant Design, Aalto, Finland muhammad.nasrullah@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasrullah
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland.
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vainikka
authors.affiliation: Lassila & Tikanoja plc, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannula
authors.affiliation: Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Research Group, Plant Design, Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurme
authors.affiliation: Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Research Group, Plant Design, Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oinas
mesh_terms: D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D017745:Incineration; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Solid recovered fuel; elemental balance; household energy waste; municipal solid waste; polluting and potentially toxic elements