title: Extraction of bioactive carbohydrates from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) external bracts using microwave assisted extraction and pressurized liquid extraction.
abstract: Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) methods using water as solvent have been optimized by means of a Box-Behnken and 3(2) composite experimental designs, respectively, for the effective extraction of bioactive carbohydrates (inositols and inulin) from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) external bracts. MAE at 60 °C for 3 min of 0.3 g of sample allowed the extraction of slightly higher concentrations of inositol than PLE at 75 °C for 26.7 min (11.6 mg/g dry sample vs. 7.6 mg/g dry sample). On the contrary, under these conditions, higher concentrations of inulin were extracted with the latter technique (185.4 mg/g vs. 96.4 mg/g dry sample), considering two successive extraction cycles for both techniques. Both methodologies can be considered appropriate for the simultaneous extraction of these bioactive carbohydrates from this particular industrial by-product. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that these techniques are applied for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Aceituno
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García-Sarrió
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alonso-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mlsanz@iqog.csic.es.
authors.forename: M Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry*; D035263:Flowering Tops / Q000737:chemistry*; D006601:Hexoses; D007294:Inositol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007444:Inulin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008872:Microwaves; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D006601:Hexoses; D012997:Solvents; D007294:Inositol; D007444:Inulin
keywords: Artichoke external bracts; Inositols; Inulin; MAE; PLE