title: Mandible and Tongue Development.
abstract: The tongue and mandible have common origins. They arise simultaneously from the mandibular arch and are coordinated in their development and growth, which is evident from several clinical conditions such as Pierre Robin sequence. Here, we review in detail the molecular networks controlling both mandible and tongue development. We also discuss their mechanical relationship and evolution as well as the potential for stem cell-based therapies for disorders affecting these organs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: paradabo@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parada
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: ychai@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014059:Tongue / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Mandible; Mandibular osteogenesis; Meckel's cartilage; Pierre Robin sequence; Tongue; Tongue myogenesis