title: A quantitative analysis of therapeutic cancer vaccines in phase 2 or phase 3 trial.
abstract: Despite the progress that has been made in other forms of cancer therapy, Provenge® (Sipuleucel-T) is the only FDA-approved vaccine for the treatment of cancer. To understand the current landscape of therapeutic oncology vaccines we performed a quantitative analysis of phase 2 and phase 3 therapeutic cancer vaccine trials. We highlight shifts in trends for the vaccine platforms examined, common adjuvant use, target indications, antibody or treatment combinations between past and recent trials as well as discuss the relationship between these trends and ratio between the number of phase 3: phase 2 for different vaccine platforms. Despite the poor success rate in vaccine approvals, registration of phase 3 trials between 2010 and 2014 were stable indicating continued investment and efforts towards development of immunotherapeutic vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ; PX Biosolutions, Melbourne, Victoria 3205 Australia.
authors.forename: Amabel Cl
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: PX Biosolutions, Melbourne, Victoria 3205 Australia ; DROIA, Meise, 1860 Belgium.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goubier
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, CCSR 1110, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305 USA.
authors.forename: Holbrook E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kohrt
keywords: Cancer; Clinical trial; Immunotherapeutic; Vaccine