title: Rates, Predictors, and Outcomes of Early and Late Recurrence After Stroke: The North Dublin Population Stroke Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few recent studies have investigated the rates and predictors of early and late stroke recurrence using prospective population-based methodology. We investigated recurrent stroke at 2 years in the North Dublin Population Stroke Study (NDPSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were ascertained from December 2005 to 2006 from overlapping community and hospital sources using hot and cold pursuit. Stroke recurrence, survival, and functional outcome were ascertained at 72 hours, 7 days, 28 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 567 patients, cumulative 2-year stroke recurrence rate was 10.8% and case fatality was 38.6%. Recurrence subtype was associated with initial stroke subtype (P<0.001). On multivariable Cox regression, hyperlipidemia (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.32; P=0.005) and prior stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.92; P=0.01) were independent predictors of 2-year recurrence in 28-day survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite rigorous ascertainment, recurrent stroke rates were lower in current study than in earlier studies. Our data suggest that large sample sizes may be needed for future secondary prevention trials in patients treated with modern preventive medications.
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.). ecallaly@rcsi.ie.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Callaly
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ni Chroinin
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marnane
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Layan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Akijian
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Orla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Aine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merwick
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horgan
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Killian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Eamon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kyne
authors.affiliation: From the Neurovascular Unit for Applied Research, Mater University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.C., D.N.C., N.H., M.M., L.A., O.S., A.M., D.H., G.H., J.D., S.M., K.O'R., L.K., P.J.K.); Departments of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (E.D.); Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D.W.); and Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland (S.M., D.W.).
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: cerebral hemorrhage; hyperlipidemias; mortality; recurrence; stroke