title: Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250/0.5/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in a population of dogs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [250/0.5/5:1] compared with the general ICU population, while controlling for illness severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study conducted between January 2007 and March 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veterinary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample of dogs receiving HES (n = 180) were compared with a randomly selected sample of dogs (n = 242) admitted to the ICU over the same period.
  
  
  METHODS
  None
  
  
  RESULTS
  AKI was defined as an at least 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine concentration or new onset of oliguria/anuria persisting for ≥12 hours. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death or AKI. Unadjusted and adjusted analysis controlling for illness severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast ) score and other confounders was performed. HES was administered either as incremental boluses (median dose 8.2 mL/kg/day, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-11.3 mL/kg/day) or as a continuous rate infusion (CRI; median dose 26mL/kg/day, IQR 24.0-48 mL/kg/day). In unadjusted analysis, HES administration was associated with increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51-3.58, P < 0.001) or AKI (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.21-12.37, P = 0.02). In an adjusted analysis after controlling for illness severity, admission type, and concurrent administration of blood products, HES administration remained an independent risk factor for the composite adverse outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22-3.22, P = 0.005), with a number needed to harm (NNH) = 6 (95% CI = 4-23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HES therapy is associated with increased risk of an adverse outcome including death or AKI in dogs. A randomized controlled trial investigating the safety of HES therapy in canine patients is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Leontine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benedicenti
authors.affiliation: Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mathews
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine; D016638:Critical Illness; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: AKI; canine; colloids; complications; fluid therapy