title: A Wireless Intracranial Brain Deformation Sensing System for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been linked to a multitude of delayed-onset neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, but complete understanding of their pathogenesis remains elusive. To develop mechanistic relationships between bTBI and post-blast neurological sequelae, it is imperative to characterize the initiating traumatic mechanical events leading to eventual alterations of cell, tissue, and organ structure and function. This paper presents a wireless sensing system capable of monitoring the intracranial brain deformation in real-time during the event of a bTBI. The system consists of an implantable soft magnet and an external head-mounted magnetic sensor that is able to measure the field in three dimensions. The change in the relative position of the soft magnet WITH respect to the external sensor as the result of the blast wave induces changes in the magnetic field. The magnetic field data in turn is used to extract the temporal and spatial motion of the brain under the blast wave in real-time. The system has temporal and spatial resolutions of 5 μs and 10 μm. Following the characterization and validation of the sensor system, we measured brain deformations in a live rodent during a bTBI.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.|Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.|School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Race
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.|Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.|Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.|Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.|Birck Nanotechnology Center, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ziaie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D059346:Magnets / Q000737:chemistry; D009038:Motion; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D059015:Wireless Technology
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; C000499:ferric oxide