title: Prediction suppression in monkey inferotemporal cortex depends on the conditional probability between images.
abstract: When monkeys view two images in fixed sequence repeatedly over days and weeks, neurons in area TE of the inferotemporal cortex come to exhibit prediction suppression. The trailing image elicits only a weak response when presented following the leading image that preceded it during training. Induction of prediction suppression might depend either on the contiguity of the images, as determined by their co-occurrence and captured in the measure of joint probability P(A,B), or on their contingency, as determined by their correlation and as captured in the measures of conditional probability P(A|B) and P(B|A). To distinguish between these possibilities, we measured prediction suppression after imposing training regimens that held P(A,B) constant but varied P(A|B) and P(B|A). We found that reducing either P(A|B) or P(B|A) during training attenuated prediction suppression as measured during subsequent testing. We conclude that prediction suppression depends on contingency, as embodied in the predictive relations between the images, and not just on contiguity, as embodied in their co-occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and suchitra@andrew.cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Suchitra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-6501
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011336:Probability; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: inferotemporal; plasticity; prediction; vision