title: Predicting health-promoting self-care behaviors in people with pre-diabetes by applying Bandura social learning theory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to apply Bandura social learning theory in a model for identifying personal and environmental factors that predict health-promoting self-care behaviors in people with pre-diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The theoretical basis of health-promoting self-care behaviors must be examined to obtain evidence-based knowledge that can help improve the effectiveness of pre-diabetes care. However, such behaviors are rarely studied in people with pre-diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This quantitative, cross-sectional survey study was performed in a convenience sample of two hospitals in southern Taiwan. Two hundred people diagnosed with pre-diabetes at a single health examination center were recruited. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect data regarding personal factors (i.e., participant characteristics, pre-diabetes knowledge, and self-efficacy) and data regarding environmental factors (i.e., social support and perceptions of empowerment process) that may have associations with health-promoting self-care behaviors in people with pre-diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple linear regression showed that the factors that had the largest influence on the practice of health-promoting self-care behaviors were self-efficacy, diabetes history, perceptions of empowerment process, and pre-diabetes knowledge. These factors explained 59.3% of the variance in health-promoting self-care behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To prevent the development of diabetes in people with pre-diabetes, healthcare professionals should consider both the personal and the environmental factors identified in this study when assessing health promoting self-care behaviors in patients with pre-diabetes and when selecting the appropriate interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Taiwan. Electronic address: 38914003@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Mei-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ruey-Hsia
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010358:Patient Participation; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D000067570:Social Learning
keywords: Health-promoting self-care behaviors; Knowledge; Perceptions of empowerment process; Pre-diabetes; Self-efficacy; Social learning theory