title: Small diameter metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty at 13 years - a follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Theoretically, the properties of second-generation metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings are better for wear, osteolysis and longevity. However, follow-up studies of more than 10 years are rare, in particular with hybrid fixation (cemented stainless steel stems and cementless cup), therefore we evaluated the results of this combination after a mean follow-up of 12.8 years: (1) to analyze the survival rate, (2) to compare it with the survival rate in the same series after 6.4 years (95.8% cup, 94.8% stem), (3) to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome and (4) to analyze these failures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The number of revisions would increase after 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 106 total hip arthroplasties (THA) (Cedior™ press-fit cup with cemented Acora™ (n=50) and Exafit™ (n=56) stems and 28mm Metasul™ bearings performed between January 1999 and December 2002. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The clinical assessment included the Postel Merle d'Aubigné (PMA) and Oxford scores. The radiographic assessment evaluated radiolucencies and osteolysis on standard X-rays. A histological analysis was only performed during revision THA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean 12.8 years of follow-up (10-16), 53 THA were reviewed in 48 patients. Thirteen THA revisions (14%) were performed including 11 aseptic revisions (5 stem fractures, 2 cases of impingement and 3 loosenings [1 bipolar and 3 cups] and one case of osteolysis). Overall survival, taking into account revision for aseptic loosening, was 87.6% (CI 95%=77.3 to 99.3%). The mean PMA and Oxford scores at the final follow-up were 17.6±0.8 points (16-18) and 16.5±5.2 points (12-38) respectively. The radiological follow-up mainly identified radiolucencies around the stem in Gruen zones 1 and 7 (17 and 21% respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survival rate of hybrid MoM THA in this series decreased after 10 years and is lower than studies evaluating cementless THA with the 28-mm Metasul™ bearings (90.9 to 100% survival). Although the clinical results are satisfactory, survival is lower. However, the role of MoM bearings is relative in these failures, in particular because trunnionoses (stainless steel stem with 28-mm head), impingement and especially 5-stem fractures were the main causes of failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV: retrospective study.
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie-traumatologie, centre hospitalier Versailles - André-Mignot, 177, rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France. Electronic address: nicolastardy@aol.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tardy
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie-traumatologie, centre hospitalier Versailles - André-Mignot, 177, rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maqdes
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie-traumatologie, centre hospitalier Versailles - André-Mignot, 177, rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boisrenoult
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie-traumatologie, centre hospitalier Versailles - André-Mignot, 177, rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beaufils
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie-traumatologie, centre hospitalier Versailles - André-Mignot, 177, rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D061825:Metal-on-Metal Joint Prostheses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: Metal-on-metal bearings; Total hip arthroplasties