title: Trends of Antibiotic Consumption in Korea According to National Reimbursement Data (2008-2012): A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study.
abstract: This study determined the trends in the quantities and patterns of nationwide antibiotic consumption in the Republic of Korea (ROK).This nationwide descriptive epidemiological study was conducted in the ROK between 2008 and 2012. The quantities and patterns of total systemic antibiotic prescriptions were analyzed using National Health Insurance claims data collected through the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service. Data concerning systemic antibiotics were collected using measurement units of the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 people per day according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification.Over the 5-year study period, the annual consumption of systemic antibiotics ranged from 21.68 to 23.12 DDD per 1000 people per day. Outpatient antibiotic use accounted for 80.9% of total consumption. A regression model with autoregressive errors showed significant increased consumption of major antibiotic subgroups, including 3rd-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and glycopeptides (P < 0.001). However, the antibiotic use of 1st- (P = 0.003), 2nd- (P = 0.004), and 3rd-generation (P = 0.018) cephalosporins among patients who underwent surgery under monitoring by the antimicrobial stewardship programs for perioperative prescription was significantly lower than in those who underwent surgery without monitoring programs. In time-series analysis, total antibiotic consumption demonstrated significant seasonality (P < 0.001).The consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics was noted to have increased in the ROK from 2008 to 2012, providing a possible explanation for the changing epidemiology of multidrug resistance. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the impact on public health of monitoring programs of perioperative antibiotic usage.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine (YKY, JWS, MJK), Institute of Emerging Infectious Diseases (YKY, JWS, MJK), Department of Biostatistics (GCP, HA), and Department of Preventive Medicine (BCC), Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Gi Chan
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyonggin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Jang Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Min Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents