title: Gender Differences in the Clinical Characteristics of Psychotic Depression: Results from the CRESCEND Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether there are gender differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with psychotic depression (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND) study in South Korea, we tested for potential gender differences in clinical characteristics among 53 patients with PD. The Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) and other psychometric scales were used to evaluate various clinical features of the study subjects. Independent t-tests were performed for normally distributed variables, Mann-Whitney U-tests for non-normally distributed variables, and χ(2)tests for discrete variables. In addition, to exclude the effects of confounding variables, we carried out an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for the normally distributed variables and binary logistic regression analyses for discrete variables, after adjusting the effects of marital status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified more prevalent suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=10.316, p=0.036) and hallucinatory behavior (aOR=8.332, p=0.016), as well as more severe anxiety symptoms (degrees of freedom [df]=1, F=6.123, p=0.017), and poorer social and occupational functioning (df=1, F=6.265, p=0.016) in the male patients compared to the female patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in South Korean patients with PD, suicidal ideation, hallucinatory behavior, and anxiety is more pronounced among males than females. This should be taken into consideration in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yong-In Mental Hospital, Yongin, Korea.|Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.|The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPsych), Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren Dinesen
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Youn
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Chon
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Gender; Hallucinatory behavior; Illness burden; Psychotic depression; Suicidal ideation