title: Novel adjuvant formulations for delivery of anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates.
abstract: There is an urgent need for a new and improved vaccine against tuberculosis for controlling this disease that continues to pose a global health threat. The current research strategy is to replace the present BCG vaccine or boost BCG-immunity with subunit vaccines such as viral vectored- or protein-based vaccines. The use of recombinant proteins holds a number of production advantages including ease of scalability, but requires an adjuvant inducing cell-mediated immune responses. A number of promising novel adjuvant formulations have recently been designed and show evidence of induction of cellular immune responses in humans. A common trait of effective TB adjuvants including those already in current clinical testing is a two-component approach combining a delivery system with an appropriate immunomodulator. This review summarizes the status of current TB adjuvant research with a focus on the division of labor between delivery systems and immunomodulators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Electronic address: eag@ssi.dk.
authors.forename: Else Marie
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Agger
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines
keywords: BCG boost vaccine; Delivery systems; Dual-component adjuvants; Immunomodulators; Long-term memory; Mucosal adjuvants; PAMPs; Tuberculosis