title: Methyl jasmolate treated buckwheat sprout powder enhances glucose metabolism by potentiating hepatic insulin signaling in estrogen-deficient rats.
abstract: Methyl jasmolate (MeJA)-treated vegetables produce higher concentrations of various bioactive compounds. We investigated whether long-term oral consumption of MeJA-treated and untreated buckwheat sprout powder improves energy, glucose, lipid, and bone metabolism induced by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed high-fat diets, and explored the mechanisms involved.
  
  
  
  OVX rats were divided into four groups and fed high-fat diets supplemented with 3% dextrin (OVX-control), buckwheat sprout powder (BWS), or MeJA-treated buckwheat sprout powder (MJ-BWS) for 12 wk. Sham rats without estrogen deficiency had a control diet as a normal-control.
  
  
  
  MeJA-treatment increased total polyphenols and flavonoids by about 1.6 fold and isoorientin, orientin, rutin, and vitexin were elevated by about 18% in buckwheat. After 12 wk, OVX rats exhibited increased weight gain, fat mass, skin temperature, hyperglycemia, and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) compared to sham rats. BWS prevented the increase of skin temperature and decrease of femur BMD, but did not improve energy glucose homeostasis as much as MJ-BWS. MJ-BWS prevented increases in body weight and fat mass. Energy expenditure was lowest in OVX-control, followed by BWS, MJ-BWS, and normal-control. Furthermore, MJ-BWS exhibited greater improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance than OVX-control and BWS. Phosphorylation of hepatic Akt and AMPK was potentiated, in ascending order of OVX-control, BWS, MJ-BWS, and normal-control, whereas PEPCK expression was decreased.
  
  
  
  MJ-BWS prevented and ameliorated the disturbances in energy and glucose metabolism in estrogen-deficient animals better than BWS. Therefore, besides flavonoids in BWS, other components such as phytoalexins produced in MJ-BWS during MeJA-treatment might play a crucial role in the improvement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Strategic Food Research, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Distribution and Standard Research, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Safety, Distribution and Standard Research, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Da Sol
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea. Electronic address: smpark@hoseo.edu.
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D060467:Disease Resistance; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D010052:Ovariectomy; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D036226:Seedlings; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004967:Estrogens; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D000094162:Phytoalexins
keywords: Bone mineral density; Buckwheat sprout; Energy expenditure; Glucose; Methyl jasmolate