title: The coffee-machine bacteriome: biodiversity and colonisation of the wasted coffee tray leach.
abstract: Microbial communities are ubiquitous in both natural and artificial environments. However, microbial diversity is usually reduced under strong selection pressures, such as those present in habitats rich in recalcitrant or toxic compounds displaying antimicrobial properties. Caffeine is a natural alkaloid present in coffee, tea and soft drinks with well-known antibacterial properties. Here we present the first systematic analysis of coffee machine-associated bacteria. We sampled the coffee waste reservoir of ten different Nespresso machines and conducted a dynamic monitoring of the colonization process in a new machine. Our results reveal the existence of a varied bacterial community in all the machines sampled, and a rapid colonisation process of the coffee leach. The community developed from a pioneering pool of enterobacteria and other opportunistic taxa to a mature but still highly variable microbiome rich in coffee-adapted bacteria. The bacterial communities described here, for the first time, are potential drivers of biotechnologically relevant processes including decaffeination and bioremediation.
authors.affiliation: Universitat de València (Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.affiliation: Universitat de València (Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Universitat de València (Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), 46020 Valencia, Spain.|Fundació General de la Universitat de València, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porcar
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D060054:Agrobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D044822:Biodiversity; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003069:Coffee / Q000382:microbiology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003069:Coffee; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002110:Caffeine