title: Developments in surgical revascularization to achieve improved morbidity and mortality.
abstract: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery remains the main treatment modality for multivessel coronary artery disease and has consistently been demonstrated to have significantly lower rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in comparison to percutaneous coronary intervention. In this article we will explore the advances over time and the recent refinements in the techniques of surgical revascularization and how these contribute to the superior outcome profile associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These include the current outcome status of coronary artery bypass grafting; the major landmark trials, registries and meta-analyses comparing coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention; the developments in coronary artery disease lesion classification; the techniques for the physiological assessment of coronary artery lesions; bypass grafting using arterial conduits; the role of off-pump coronary artery surgery; the outcomes of reoperative surgery; hybrid techniques for coronary revascularization; minimally invasive coronary artery surgery and finally robotic surgery.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery and Cancer , St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sepehripour
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery and Cancer , St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Thanos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Athanasiou
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery; innovation; major adverse outcomes; new developments and techniques; surgical revascularization