title: Deciphering the molecular adaptation of the king scallop (Pecten maximus) to heat stress using transcriptomics and proteomics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The capacity of marine species to survive chronic heat stress underpins their ability to survive warming oceans as a result of climate change. In this study RNA-Seq and 2-DE proteomics were employed to decipher the molecular response of the sub-tidal bivalve Pecten maximus, to elevated temperatures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals were maintained at three different temperatures (15, 21 and 25 °C) for 56 days, representing control conditions, maximum environmental temperature and extreme warming, with individuals sampled at seven time points. The scallops thrived at 21 °C, but suffered a reduction in condition at 25 °C. RNA-Seq analyses produced 26,064 assembled contigs, of which 531 were differentially expressed, with putative annotation assigned to 177 transcripts. The proteomic approach identified 24 differentially expressed proteins, with nine identified by mass spectrometry. Network analysis of these results indicated a pivotal role for GAPDH and AP-1 signalling pathways. Data also suggested a remodelling of the cell structure, as revealed by the differential expression of genes involved in the cytoskeleton and cell membrane and a reduction in DNA repair. They also indicated the diversion of energetic metabolism towards the mobilization of lipid energy reserves to fuel the increased metabolic rate at the higher temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides preliminary insights into the response of P. maximus to chronic heat stress and provides a basis for future studies examining the tipping points and energetic trade-offs of scallop culture in warming oceans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, 29280, France. sebastien.artigaud@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Artigaud
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, 29280, France. jrichard@fgcu.edu.
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK. mior@bas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Michael A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, 29280, France. romain.lavaud@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavaud
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, 29280, France. jonathan.flye@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flye-Sainte-Marie
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, 29280, France. fjean@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK. lspe@bas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lloyd S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK. mscl@bas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Melody S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, 29280, France. vianney.pichereau@univ-brest.fr.
authors.forename: Vianney
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pichereau
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics*; D049910:Pecten / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics