title: Molecular mechanisms in multiple myeloma drug resistance.
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is predominantly an incurable malignancy despite high-dose chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant and novel agents. MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease and the complexity increases as the disease progresses to a more aggressive stage. MM arises from a plasma cell, which produces and secretes non-functioning immunoglobulins. Most MM cells are sensitive to proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which have become the main drug in the treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed MM. However, not all MM is sensitive to PIs. This review summarises the literature regarding molecular biology of MM with a focus on the unfolded protein response and explores how this could affect drug sensitivity and progression of disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia Haematology Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikesitch
authors.affiliation: Haematology Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia Department of Haematology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Silvia C W
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017211:Treatment Failure; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: CANCER; HAEMATOLOGY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MYELOMA