title: Global Health Equity: Cancer Care Outcome Disparities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries.
abstract: Breakthroughs in our global fight against cancer have been achieved. However, this progress has been unequal. In low- and middle-income countries and for specific populations in high-income settings, many of these advancements are but an aspiration and hope for the future. This review will focus on health disparities in cancer within and across countries, drawing from examples in Kenya, Brazil, and the United States. Placed in context with these examples, the authors also draw basic recommendations from several initiatives and groups that are working on the issue of global cancer disparities, including the US Institute of Medicine, the Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries, and the Union for International Cancer Control. From increasing initiatives in basic resources in low-income countries to rapid learning systems in high-income countries, the authors argue that beyond ethics and equity issues, it makes economic sense to invest in global cancer control, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Jonas A. de Souza, The University of Chicago Medical Center and Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence; Bijou Hunt, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL; Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, and Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Clement Adebamowo, Institute of Human Virology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland; Gilberto Lopes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Centro Paulista de Oncologia and Oncoclinicas do Brasil Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonas A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Jonas A. de Souza, The University of Chicago Medical Center and Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence; Bijou Hunt, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL; Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, and Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Clement Adebamowo, Institute of Human Virology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland; Gilberto Lopes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Centro Paulista de Oncologia and Oncoclinicas do Brasil Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bijou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Jonas A. de Souza, The University of Chicago Medical Center and Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence; Bijou Hunt, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL; Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, and Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Clement Adebamowo, Institute of Human Virology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland; Gilberto Lopes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Centro Paulista de Oncologia and Oncoclinicas do Brasil Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fredrick Chite
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Asirwa
authors.affiliation: Jonas A. de Souza, The University of Chicago Medical Center and Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence; Bijou Hunt, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL; Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, and Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Clement Adebamowo, Institute of Human Virology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland; Gilberto Lopes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Centro Paulista de Oncologia and Oncoclinicas do Brasil Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adebamowo
authors.affiliation: Jonas A. de Souza, The University of Chicago Medical Center and Bucksbaum Institute for Clinical Excellence; Bijou Hunt, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL; Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, and Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Clement Adebamowo, Institute of Human Virology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland; Gilberto Lopes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Centro Paulista de Oncologia and Oncoclinicas do Brasil Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Glopes.md@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health / Q000592:standards*; D000069576:Health Equity / Q000592:standards*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors