title: Site-specific function and regulation of Osterix in tooth root formation.
abstract: Congenital diseases of tooth roots, in terms of developmental abnormalities of short and thin root phenotypes, can lead to loss of teeth. A more complete understanding of the genetic molecular pathways and biological processes controlling tooth root formation is required. Recent studies have revealed that Osterix (Osx), a key mesenchymal transcriptional factor participating in both the processes of osteogenesis and odontogenesis, plays a vital role underlying the mechanisms of developmental differences between root and crown. During tooth development, Osx expression has been identified from late embryonic to postnatal stages when the tooth root develops, particularly in odontoblasts and cementoblasts to promote their differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, the site-specific function of Osx in tooth root formation has been confirmed, because odontoblastic Osx-conditional knockout mice demonstrate primarily short and thin root phenotypes with no apparent abnormalities in the crown (Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 30, 2014 and 742, Journal of Dental Research 94, 2015 and 430). These findings suggest that Osx functions to promote odontoblast and cementoblast differentiation and root elongation only in root, but not in crown formation. Mechanistic research shows regulatory networks of Osx expression, which can be controlled through manipulating the epithelial BMP signalling, mesenchymal Runx2 expression and cellular phosphorylation levels, indicating feasible routes of promoting Osx expression postnatally (Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 114, 2013 and 975). In this regard, a promising approach might be available to regenerate the congenitally diseased root and that regenerative therapy would be the best choice for patients with developmental tooth diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Basic Medical College, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C479466:Sp7 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Osterix; dentinogenesis; odontoblast differentiation; tooth root development