title: Severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with COPD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has many comorbidities such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in CAD and COPD. We analysed that impact of COPD on intensity and severity of coronary artery lesions on the angiogram in the groups of patients with COPD according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades updated in 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 102 COPD patients and 80 randomly selected subjects without any pulmonary disease who underwent coronary angiography. According to the GOLD grade for COPD, patients were divided into four groups: A, B, C and D. The severity and extent of CAD were determined using the Gensini score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant between-group differences in age, body mass index, smoking history, plasma lipids levels, frequency of hypertension, diabetes and CAD. The mean Gensini score in patients with COPD was significantly higher than those without (respectively, 25.7 ± 32.9 vs 17.5 ± 24.8, P = 0.01). While Gensini score was the highest level in the patient group D (64.9 ± 34.9), it was the lowest level in the patient group A (10.2 ± 19.4, P = 0.0001). The Gensini scores increased in accordance with increases in the GOLD grades. We observed that COPD was independently predictive for Gensini score after a multi-variate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 1.374; 95% confidence interval 1.672-9.232; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severity and intensity of coronary atherosclerosis increases in accordance with increases in the GOLD grades for COPD.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chest, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Neşe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dursunoglu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dursun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dursunoglu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chest, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali İhsan
authors.initials: Aİ
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uludag
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chest, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zahide Namlı
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Alaçam
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarıçopur
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - GOLD grade - FEV1/FVC - coronary artery disease - Gensini score