title: Role of uroflowmetry with electromyography in the evaluation of children with lower urinary tract dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A conventional urodynamic study (UDS) is considered invasive while uroflowmetry is considered inadequate in the evaluation of children with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The aims of this study were to identify the role of uroflowmetry with electromyography (UFEMG) in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 121 children (age 5-12 years; M:F = 2:3) with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction underwent a detailed voiding history and clinical assessment. Those with evidence of neurological abnormality, obstructive uropathy or active urinary tract infection were not included. They were prospectively studied using UFEMGfirst, followed by UDS on the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 76 (63%) children had abnormality on UFEMG while only 12 (10%) had abnormality on UDS. UFEMG was significantly superior in picking up abnormality (P = 0.03). Three types of UFEMG abnormalities were identified: (1) dysfunctional voiding (prolonged staccato trace with active pelvic floor and normal voided volume: n = 42), (2) idiopathic detrusor overactivity (shortened trace with quiet pelvic floor and reduced voided volume: n = 16) and (3) detrusor underutilization disorder (prolonged flat trace with quiet pelvic floor and large voided volume: n = 18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UFEMG is ideal non-invasive test in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction. It helps in identifying the different patterns and the appropriate treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Vinu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopinath
keywords: Children; electromyography; lower urinary tract dysfunction; urodynamic study; uroflowmetry; voiding dysfunction