title: Black Phosphorus (BP) Nanodots for Potential Biomedical Applications.
abstract: Recently, the appeal of 2D black phosphorus (BP) has been rising due to its unique optical and electronic properties with a tunable band gap (≈0.3-1.5 eV). While numerous research efforts have recently been devoted to nano- and optoelectronic applications of BP, no attention has been paid to promising medical applications. In this article, the preparation of BP-nanodots of a few nm to <20 nm with an average diameter of ≈10 nm and height of ≈8.7 nm is reported by a modified ultrasonication-assisted solution method. Stable formation of nontoxic phosphates and phosphonates from BP crystals with exposure in water or air is observed. As for the BP-nanodot crystals' stability (ionization and persistence of fluorescent intensity) in aqueous solution, after 10 d, ≈80% at 1.5 mg mL(-1) are degraded (i.e., ionized) in phosphate buffered saline. They showed no or little cytotoxic cell-viability effects in vitro involving blue- and green-fluorescence cell imaging. Thus, BP-nanodots can be considered a promising agent for drug delivery or cellular tracking systems.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Uk
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
authors.forename: Saehae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soonjoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jonghan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Center for Research Facilities, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 573-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyuseok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Gyu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jouhahn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000379:methods*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: black phosphorus; cell imaging; cytotoxicity; medical applications; nanodots