title: Gastric cancer progression associated with local humoral immune responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the association between H. pylori and gastric cancer has been well described, the alterations studies are scarce in the humoral immune response in specific anatomical areas of stomach and during the stages of gastric cancer. The aim in this study was to determine the influence of humoral immune responses against H. pylori infection on gastric carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 16 gastric cancer cases and approximately one matched control per case at the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ); all the cases met the inclusion criteria for the study. We obtained three biopsies from each patient and from each of the predetermined regions of the stomach: antrum, angular portion, corpus, and fundus. From the patients with gastric cancer, additional biopsy specimens were obtained from tumor mid-lesion and tumor margin, and additional specimens were collected at least 2 and 5 cm from the tumor margin. We compared IgA levels against H. pylori in each area of stomach between cases and controls as well as between early and advanced stages of gastric cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgA values were strikingly elevated in cancer cases compared with control subjects; a value that was even higher in the distant periphery of tumor but was remarkably decreased toward the carcinoma lesion. The advanced stages of gastric cancer demonstrated the relapse of the humoral immune response in the mid-lesion region of the tumor compared with the tumor margins and adjacent non-tumor tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric cancer is characterized by progressive accumulation of a concentrated, specific IgA response against H. pylori, beginning with an abnormal increase in the entire stomach but particularly in the adjacent non-tumor tissue. Thus, it is possible that this strong immune response also participates in some degree in the damage and in the development of gastric cancer to some extent.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Immunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico. lvidal@unam.mx.|División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, México. lvidal@unam.mx.
authors.forename: López-Vidal
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Yolanda
authors.affiliation: Dirección de enseñanza, Departamentos de Endoscopia y Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México. splr55@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ponce-de-León
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sergio
authors.affiliation: Programa de Immunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico. hugoesquivels@gmail.com.|Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco. México. hugoesquivels@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esquivel-Solís
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Immunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico. riamieva@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Amieva-Fernández Rosa
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Isabel
authors.affiliation: Dirección de enseñanza, Departamentos de Endoscopia y Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México. barretozu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Barreto-Zúñiga
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Rafael
authors.affiliation: Dirección de enseñanza, Departamentos de Endoscopia y Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México. detoal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Torre-Delgadillo
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Aldo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Immunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico. gcastillo55@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Castillo-Rojas
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gonzalo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A