title: Development and Biological Evaluation of Inkjet Printed Drug Coatings on Intravascular Stent.
abstract: Inkjet-printing technology was used to apply biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric coatings of poly(d,l-lactide) with the antiproliferative drugs simvastatin (SMV) and paclitaxel (PCX) on coronary metal stents. A piezoelectric dispenser applied coating patterns of very fine droplets (300 pL) and inkjet printing was optimized to develop uniform, accurate and reproducible coatings of high yields on the stent strut. The drug loaded polymeric coatings were assed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transition thermal microscopy (TTM) where a phase separation was observed for SMV/PLA layers while PCX showed a uniform distribution within the polymer layers. Cytocompatibility studies of PLA coatings showed excellent cell adhesion with no decrease of cell viability and proliferation. In vivo stent implantation studies showed significant intrastent restenosis (ISR) for PCX/PLA and PLA plain coatings similar to marketed Presillion (bare metal) and Cypher (drug eluting) stents. The investigation of several cytokine levels after 7 days of stent deployment showed no inflammatory response and hence no in vivo cytotoxicity related to PLA coatings. Inkjet printing can be employed as a robust coating technology for the development of drug eluting stents compared to the current conventional approaches.
authors.affiliation: School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich , Medway, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K.
authors.forename: Nicolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scoutaris
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France , 590000 Lille, France.|INSERM U1008, Groupe Recherche Biomatériaux, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille 2 , 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France , 590000 Lille, France.|INSERM U1008, Groupe Recherche Biomatériaux, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille 2 , 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maurel
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France , 590000 Lille, France.|INSERM U1008, Groupe Recherche Biomatériaux, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille 2 , 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobocinski
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, U.K.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, U.K.
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Moffat
authors.affiliation: UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, U.K.
authors.forename: Duncan Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France , 590000 Lille, France.|UMET CNRS 8207, Équipe Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, University Lille 1 , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France , 590000 Lille, France.|INSERM U1008, Groupe Recherche Biomatériaux, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille 2 , 59045 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blanchemain
authors.affiliation: School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich , Medway, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Douroumis
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D011108:Polymers; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: PLA; cytokines; drug eluting stents; implantation; inkjet printing; paclitaxel; simvastatin