title: Retrospective Evaluation of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Add-On Treatment for Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and assess the different symptom improvements found after a combined low-frequency primary motor cortex and high-frequency prefrontal cortex (PFC) stimulation using the deep TMS (dTMS) H-coil, as an add-on treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five PD patients underwent 14 dTMS sessions; each consisting of 1 Hz stimulation of the primary motor cortex for 15 min, followed by 10 Hz stimulation of the PFC for 15 min. Clinical assessments were performed, BEFORE, at the MIDDLE, and END of therapy as well as at FOLLOW-UP after 30 days, using Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, TINETTI, UP&GO, SCOPA, HDRS21, Beck Depression Inventory, and self-applied daily motor assessment scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment was well-tolerated, without serious adverse effects. dTMS-induced significant PD symptom improvements at END and at FOLLOW-UP, in all subscales of the UPDRS, gait speed, depressive symptoms, balance, autonomic symptoms, and a 73% increase in daily ON time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the cohort of PD patients treated, dTMS was well-tolerated with only minor adverse effects. The dTMS-induced significant improvements in motor, postural, and motivational symptoms of PD patients and may potentiate concurrent levodopa treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that dTMS may have a much wider spectrum of beneficial effects than previously reported for TMS, including enhancement of levodopa effects, suggesting that future clinical trials with dTMS should include a broader range of symptom measurements.
authors.affiliation: Neuromagnetics , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Neuromagnetics , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villalon
authors.affiliation: Neuromagnetics , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poblete
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Andres Bello , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moraga-Amaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Andres Bello , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linsambarth
authors.affiliation: Neuromagnetics , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riquelme
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Laboratory, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheva , Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zangen
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Andres Bello , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stehberg
keywords: H-coil; Parkinson’s disease; deep TMS; high and low frequency; motor cortex; prefrontal cortex; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation