title: Capturing socially motivated linguistic change: how the use of gender-fair language affects support for social initiatives in Austria and Poland.
abstract: Gender-fair language consists of the symmetric linguistic treatment of women and men instead of using masculine forms as generics. In this study, we examine how the use of gender-fair language affects readers' support for social initiatives in Poland and Austria. While gender-fair language is relatively novel in Poland, it is well established in Austria. This difference may lead to different perceptions of gender-fair usage in these speech communities. Two studies conducted in Poland investigate whether the evaluation of social initiatives (Study 1: quotas for women on election lists; Study 2: support for women students or students from countries troubled by war) is affected by how female proponents (lawyers, psychologists, sociologists, and academics) are referred to, with masculine forms (traditional) or with feminine forms (modern, gender-fair). Study 3 replicates Study 2 in Austria. Our results indicate that in Poland, gender-fair language has negative connotations and therefore, detrimental effects particularly when used in gender-related contexts. Conversely, in Austria, where gender-fair language has been implemented and used for some time, there are no such negative effects. This pattern of results may inform the discussion about formal policies regulating the use of gender-fair language.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Magdalena M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Formanowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Department of Social Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cisłak
authors.affiliation: TUM School of Management, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sczesny
keywords: feminism; gender-fair language; grammatical gender; political correctness; social change