title: Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Insulin Producing Cells in Pancreatic Islet Microenvironment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The differentiation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has great promise for type-1 diabetes for cellular treatment. Therefore, different strategies have been reported so far for derivation of insulin producing cells (IPCs) from ESCs. Providing similar microenvironmental conditions as in vivo, functional differentiation of stem cells into desired cell types could be obtained in vitro. The aim of the present research was to utilize differentiation potential of ESCs to IPCs by co-culture with mouse pancreatic islets (mPIs) for the first time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present an in-direct differentiation protocol which compared with a conventional differentiation protocol. Novel in-direct co-culture differentiation protocol in which mPIs induced differentiation of ESCs into IPCs was used. This technique was compared with the chemical differentiation protocol that involved supplementing the differentiation media with specific growth factors. We analyzed differentiated cells in both groups by immune labelling, gene expression and protein secretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IPCs were obtained with in-direct co-culture within 30 days. Differentiated ESCs were found to be positive for IPC specific markers, Pdx1, Insulin, C-peptide, Glut2 and MafA. The results of immunocytochemical and gene expression analysis showed higher differentiation efficiency in co-culture group than chemical differentiation group. These results were confirmed by the response assay to high glucose levels with ELISA for insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings illustrate the significant effect of co-culture in different stages of differentiation and maturation of ESCs in vitro. We have developed an efficient and easy way to differentiate ESCs into IPCs, which possess similar characters of mature insulin positive cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, Stem Cell Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, Stem Cell Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sariboyaci
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, Stem Cell Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Subasi
authors.affiliation: Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, Stem Cell Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karaoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055153:Stem Cell Niche
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D003470:Culture Media; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins