title: Direct and indirect effects of maltreatment typologies on suicidality in a representative Northern Irish sample: Psychopathology only partially mediates the relationship.
abstract: There has been a rise in suicide rates among men who grew up during the 1970's in Northern Ireland (NI). Conflict exposures (CEs) have been linked with suicide ideation but not attempts. Civil conflict has also been linked with aggressive parenting which is associated with the development of aggressive drives, psychopathology and suicidality. This study investigated (1) cohort specific associations between latent classes (LCs) of maltreatment and (2) associations between LCs, CEs, psychopathology and suicidality. Data were from NI Study of Health and Stress (N = 1986). Maltreatment and suicidality were queried using validated measures. Psychiatric assessments were based on DSM-IV criteria. Logistic regression, latent class analysis, chi square tests and mediation analyses were conducted. Two at risk LCs were identified, entitled "family violence exposure" (FVE, 10.4%; Male, 55.4%) and "family violence and sexual abuse exposure" (FVSAE, 1.2%; Female, 90.5%). Both were more likely to have experienced CEs (FVE = 71%; FVSAE = 77.5%) than the low risk class. The FVE were more likely to be male; aged 35-49 and to suffer from a mental disorder. The FVSAE class all endorsed rape, were more likely to be separated and to suffer from a mental disorder. CEs uniquely predicted ideation but not enactment. Psychopathology partially mediated the relationship between LCs and suicidality. FVE and FVSAE directly increased the odds of enactment. These findings are original and highly pertinent and they should be used to inform any strategy for addressing the cohort specific and trauma related rise in suicide rates in NI.
authors.affiliation: Ulster University, Northern Ireland. Electronic address: Aine.McKenna@nuim.ie.
authors.forename: Áine E
authors.initials: ÁE
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Allison M C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gillen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000067453:War Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Child abuse; Childhood sexual abuse; Latent class analysis; Suicide; The troubles