title: Cancer Risk and Surveillance in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by inflammatory and fibrosing strictures of the biliary tree. PSC is associated with a high lifetime risk of hepatobiliary and colorectal cancers. The nature of the carcinogenic process in PSC is not well established. The lack of diagnostic methods for early detection and the limited therapeutic options for cholangiocarcinoma constitute a major challenge in the current handling of PSC patients. The article reviews the risk for cancer development in PSC and discusses surveillance strategies for PSC-associated cancers.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Folseraas
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: kboberg@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Kirsten Muri
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Boberg
mesh_terms: D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen
keywords: Brush cytology; Carcinoma; Cholangiocarcinoma; Dysplasia; Inflammatory bowel disease; Primary sclerosing cholangitis; Surveillance