title: Trends and New Evidence in the Management of Acute and Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain-An Overview of the Literature from 2005 to 2015.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Aldrete
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Candiotti
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Rengarajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janakiraman
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: YRodriguez4@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Yiliam F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Blanco
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050785:Cryoanesthesia; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D013908:Thoracotomy; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: analgesic adjuvants; chronic post-thoracotomy pain; intrathecal analgesia; post-thoracotomy shoulder pain; thoracic epidural analgesia; thoracic paravertebral block; thoracotomy pain