title: Hydrogel Dressing with a Nano-Formula against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Diabetic Foot Bacteria.
abstract: This study proposes an alternative approach for the use of chitosan silver-based dressing for the control of foot infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Sixty-five bacterial isolates were isolated from 40 diabetic patients. Staphylococcus aureus (37%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.5%) were the predominant isolates in the ulcer samples. Ten antibiotics were in vitro tested against diabetic foot clinical bacterial isolates. The most resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates were then selected for further study. Three chitosan sources were tested individually for chelating silver nanoparticles. Squilla chitosan silver nanoparticles (Sq. Cs-Ag(0)) showed the maximum activity against the resistant bacteria when mixed with amikacin that showed the maximum synergetic index. This, in turn, resulted in the reduction of the amikacin MIC value by 95%. For evaluation of the effectiveness of the prepared dressing using Artemia salina as the toxicity biomarker, the LC50 was found to be 549.5, 18,000, and 10,000 μg/ml for amikacin, Sq. Cs-Ag(0), and dressing matrix, respectively. Loading the formula onto chitosan hydrogel dressing showed promising antibacterial activities, with responsive healing properties for the wounds in normal rats of those diabetic rats (polymicrobial infection). It is quite interesting to note that no emergence of any side effect on either kidney or liver biomedical functions was noticed.
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Moustafa Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Yousry M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Gohar
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Magdy A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sorour
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marian G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Waheeb
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D047070:Bandages, Hydrocolloid; D048271:Chitosan; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver; D000583:Amikacin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Diabetic foot; Hydrogel; Multi-drug resistance; Nanosilver