title: Total Western Diet Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity and Prolongs Hypersensitivity Following Complete Freund's Adjuvant in Mice.
abstract: Obesity and chronic pain are often comorbid and their rates are increasing. It is unknown whether increased pain is caused by greater weight or poor diet quality or both. Therefore, we utilized a Total Western Diet (TWD) to investigate the functional and physiologic consequences of nutritionally poor diet in mice. For 13 weeks on the commercially available TWD, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, thresholds of TWD-fed mice significantly increased in both thermal and mechanical tests. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significant increase in fat mass with a concomitant decrease in lean mass in the TWD-fed mice. In addition, there were significant increases in levels of serum leptin and inflammatory cytokines. After chronic pain induction using complete Freund's adjuvant, hypersensitivity was more pronounced and significantly prolonged in the TWD-fed mice. Therefore, prolonged exposure to poor diet quality resulted in altered acute nociceptive sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and persistent pain after inflammatory pain induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the negative effects of poor diet quality with respect to recovery from hypersensitivity and susceptibility to chronic pain. A complete understanding of the impact of diet can aid in treatment and recovery dynamics in human clinical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Stacie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Totsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomkovich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Tammie L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gower
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. Electronic address: rsorge@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sorge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D066273:Diet, Western; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020738:Leptin; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant
keywords: Diet; hypersensitivity; inflammation; mice; pain