title: Sporotrichosis in the Ocular Adnexa: 21 Cases in an Endemic Area in Peru and Review of the Literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa and give an insight into factors associated with this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all cases of sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa between 2004 and 2014 in the Santa Teresa Clinic of Abancay, Peru and reviewed all case reports of sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed records of 21 patients with sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa; 12 (57.1%) of them were male and their median age surrounded 9 years. In our series, 19 patients had lesions in the eyelids and 2 in the eyebrows. The lymphocutaneous form occurred in 62% of them. Ten patients (47.6%) were cured with potassium iodide. Among 65 patients with sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa (our 21 patients and 44 from the literature), the average age was 9 years, and 78% were ≤15 years of age; 54% were male. The lesions were more frequent on the eyelids (n = 53 [82%]), followed by the lacrimal gland (n = 5), conjunctiva (n = 4), and eyebrows (n = 3). The lymphocutaneous clinical form (54%) was the most frequent. Fifty patients were cured: 31 of them with potassium iodide, 16 with itraconazole, and 3 with a combination including potassium iodide, itraconazole, and fluconazole. Twenty-nine patients (44.6%) resided in a hyperendemic region, and 5 patients reported contact with cats that had sporotrichosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sporotrichosis in ocular adnexa is associated with children ≤15 years of age, and in 82% of these cases the disease is limited to the eyelids.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Electronic address: maxcrs22@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Max Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ramírez Soto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013175:Sporothrix / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013174:Sporotrichosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011193:Potassium Iodide; D017964:Itraconazole; D015725:Fluconazole