title: An HPLC method with diode array detector for the simultaneous quantification of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in plasma and whole blood samples from Plasmodium vivax patients in Vietnam, using quinine as an internal standard.
abstract: A sensitive, simple method for quantification of chloroquine (CQ) and desethylchloroquine (MCQ) in whole blood and plasma from Plasmodium vivax patients has been developed using HPLC with diode array detection (DAD). Solid-phase extraction on Isolute-96-CBA was employed to process 100 μL of plasma/whole blood samples. CQ, MCQ and quinine were separated using a mobile phase of phosphate buffer 25 mm, pH 2.60-acetonitrile (88:12, v/v) with 2 mm sodium perchlorate on a Zorbax SB-CN 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, at ambient temperature in 10 min, with the DAD wavelength of 343 nm. The method was linear over the range of 10-5000 ng/mL for both CQ and MCQ in plasma and whole blood. The limit of detection was 4 ng/mL and limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL in both plasma and blood for CQ and MCQ. The intra-, inter- and total assay precision were <10% for CQ and MCQ in plasma and whole blood. In plasma, the accuracies varied between 101 and 103%, whereas in whole blood, the accuracies ranged from 97.0 to 102% for CQ and MCQ. The method is an ideal technique with simple facilities and instruments, bringing about good separation in comparison with previous methods. © 2016 The Authors Biomedical Chromatography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Toi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Pham
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Phuong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pham Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen Duc Khanh
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nhien
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen Thanh Thuy
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Ca
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen Thuy Nha
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.|Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pouplin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Guy E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Thwaites
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City-In Partnership with Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Hien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tran Tinh
mesh_terms: D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000097:blood*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine; C007278:desethylchloroquine
keywords: HPLC-DAD; Plasmodium vivax; SPE; chloroquine; desethylchloroquine; malaria