title: Determination of sex from various hand dimensions of Koreans.
abstract: In the case of disasters or crime scenes, forensic anthropometric methods have been utilized as a reliable way to quickly confirm the identification of victims using only a few parts of the body. A total of 321 measurement data (from 167 males and 154 females) were analyzed to investigate the suitability of detailed hand dimensions as discriminators of sex. A total of 29 variables including length, breadth, thickness, and circumference of fingers, palm, and wrist were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The accuracy of sex indication from the hand dimensions data was found using discriminant analysis. The age effect and interaction effect according to age and sex on hand dimensions were analyzed by ANOVA. The prediction accuracy on a wide age range was also compared. According to the results, the maximum hand circumference showed the highest accuracy of 88.6% for predicting sex for males and 89.6% for females. Although the breadth, circumference, and thickness of hand parts generally showed higher accuracy than the lengths of hand parts in predicting the sex of the participant, the breadth and circumference of some finger joints showed a significant difference according to age and gender. Thus, the dimensions of hand parts which are not affected by age or gender, such as hand length, palm length, hand breadth, and maximum hand thickness, are recommended to be used first in sex determination for a wide age range group. The results suggest that the detailed hand dimensions can also be used to identify sex for better accuracy; however, the aging effects need to be considered in estimating aged suspects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Electronic address: mdmds2@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soo-Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea. Electronic address: sbahn@mju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sangwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Electronic address: mhy@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myung Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D054881:Sex Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Forensic anthropometry population data; Hand dimension; Identification; Korean; Sex determination; Sexual dimorphism