title: Reference Ranges for Neonatal Basal Ganglia Perfusion as Measured by Fractional Moving Blood Volume.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regional changes in cerebral blood flow and perfusion are implicated in the pathogenesis of adverse neurological events that lead to death and severe disability in the newborn infant. The basal ganglia, in particular, are extremely sensitive to acute hypoxia in the perinatal period, but normal perfusion to this area is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish a reference range for regional basal ganglia perfusion using fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) as an index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Head ultrasounds were performed on neonates from 25 to 41 weeks' gestation. Power Doppler images were obtained from a pre-specified coronal plane. FMBV was calculated offline after selecting the basal ganglia as a region of interest. The average of five calculations was considered to be representative of the regional perfusion for each neonate. The data were analysed, and a neonatal reference range was defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  124 neonates were included in the study, and all had analysable data. The mean FMBV was 28.8% (±9.6) with a reference range defined as 10-48%. The mean FMBV for neonates <32 weeks', 32-35 weeks' and >35 weeks' gestation were 29.4% (±7.8), 29.2% (±11.0) and 27.4% (±9.7), respectively. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between neonates based on gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have successfully used the index FMBV to define a reference range for perfusion in the basal ganglia. These data can be used as a reference for subsequent studies that evaluate basal ganglia perfusion in pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayatilake
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Ju Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oei
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001315:Australia; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001810:Blood Volume; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler