title: PHARMACOGENOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RESPONSE TO CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in cardiovascular pharmacology, significant inter-individual variability in response to drugs affects both their efficacy and safety profile. Drug-gene associations have emerged as important factors determining a spectrum of response to therapy. Pharmacogenomic interactions in cardiovascular medicine are also involved in etiology of adverse effects that may be life-threatening, such as statin-induced myopathy or a hemorrhage/thrombosis event during anticoagulant therapy. Introduction of genetic tests prior to the initiation of therapy and implementation of genetically-guided therapy represent a step forward to achieving a goal of individualized medicine in cardiology, already present in recommendations for warfarin and clopidogrel. However, further investigations addressing genomic predictors of variability in response to drugs are still needed and translating these findings into routine clinical practice remains a substantial challenge.
authors.forename: Karmen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stankov
authors.forename: Bojan G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Stanimirov
authors.forename: Momir M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mikov
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D057285:Precision Medicine; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine