title: Overexpression of miR-100 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and chemosensitivity in human glioblastoma through FGFR3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most deadly forms of brain cancer. We investigated the regulatory effects of microRNA-100 (miR-100) on cell proliferation, migration, and chemosensitivity in human glioblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  miR-100 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in both glioblastoma cells and human tumors. Lentiviruses of miR-100 mimics and inhibitors were transfected into U251 and T98G cells. The regulatory effects of either overexpressing or downregulating miR-100 on glioblastoma were evaluated by a viability assay, growth assay, migration assay, chemosensitivity assay, and an in vivo tumor transplantation assay. Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), the bioinformatically predicted target of miR-100, was examined by Western blot in glioblastoma. FGFR3 was then ectopically overexpressed in U251 and T98G cells, and its effects on miR-100-mediated cancer regulation were evaluated by growth, migration, and chemosensitivity assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MiR-100 was markedly downregulated in both glioblastoma cell lines and human tumors. Overexpressing miR-100 through lentiviral transfection in U251 and T98G cells significantly inhibited cancer growth (both in vitro and in vivo) and migration and increased chemosensitivity to cisplatin and 1, 3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea, whereas downregulation of miR-100 had no effects on development of cancer. FGFR3 was directly regulated by miR-100 in glioblastoma. Ectopically overexpressing FGFR3 was able to ameliorate the anticancer effects of upregulation of miR-100 on glioblastoma growth, migration, and chemosensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MiR-100 was generally downregulated in glioblastoma. Overexpressing miR-100 had anticancer effects on glioblastoma, likely through regulation of FGFR3. The MiR-100/FGFR3 signaling pathway might be a biochemical target for treatment in patients with glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Second Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
keywords: cisplatin; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; glioblastoma; miR-100