title: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Women with Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor KIR2DS1 is Associated with an Increased HLA-C2 Allelic Frequency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During human pregnancy, the uterine lining is highly populated with killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-expressing NK cells that recognize HLA-C molecules on trophoblast cells. The goal of this study was to analyze the KIR gene contents and frequencies in a N. American cohort of women with RPL of unknown etiology to evaluate whether there is a genetic susceptibility to RPL based on a woman's KIR repertoire and her HLA-C group, as well as the HLA-C group of the partner.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies of KIR and HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 genes were evaluated in 139 Caucasian women with RPL; HLA-C1, and HLA-C2 group genes were analyzed in their partners (n = 42). The gene frequencies were compared with data reported from corresponding populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the frequencies of HLA-C groups and KIR genes and genotypes in RPL cohort resembled the frequencies for US Caucasians. The HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 group distribution was significantly different between women with or without KIR2DS1. Women positive for KIR2DS1 (45.3% of the study cohort) had an increased frequency of its ligand, HLA-C2 (0.5159 versus 0.3684 in KIR2DS1 negative women, P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that among KIR2DS1 pos women, the co-expression of HLA-C2 is associated with RPL.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Svetlana V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dambaeva
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Dong Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilman-Sachs
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwak-Kim
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Beaman
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009656:North America; D011247:Pregnancy; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015236:HLA-C Antigens; C496212:KIR2DS1 protein, human; D054340:Receptors, KIR
keywords: HLA-C2; KIR2DS1; killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor; pregnancy; recurrent pregnancy loss