title: Roles of NOTES and LESS in management of small renal masses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the last 2 decades, open surgery has been largely displaced by laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of renal masses. Recently, minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), have been developed for such purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present literature review, the current status of treatment for small renal masses was investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of LESS and NOTES are presented to confirm the feasibility and reproducibility of these techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LESS significantly reduces pain and offers excellent cosmetic outcomes with comparable oncological and perioperative results, and NOTES offers the potential for surgery by various approach without any transcutaneous abdominal incision in management of small renal masses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the technical limitations are overcome, clinical application of LESS and NOTES is expected to increase. Further prospective and comparative studies are needed to clarify the application of these new techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, CHA Gangnam Hospital, CHA University, CHA Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kdg070723@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dae Keun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonseiro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: urologistyoon@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Young Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonseiro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hanwk@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Woong Kyu
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonseiro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: khrha@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Koon Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rha
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery; Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery; Nephrectomy; Renal mass