title: Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Dairy Goats: Genotypic and Phenotypic Comparison of Intramammary and Environmental Isolates.
abstract: Following the identification of a case of severe clinical mastitis in a Saanen dairy goat (goat A), an average of 26 lactating goats in the herd was monitored over a period of 11 months. Milk microbiological analysis revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 7 of the goats. Among these 7 does, only goat A showed clinical signs of mastitis. The 7 P. aeruginosa isolates from the goat milk and 26 P. aeruginosa isolates from environmental samples were clustered by RAPD-PCR and PFGE analyses in 3 genotypes (G1, G2, G3) and 4 clusters (A, B, C, D), respectively. PFGE clusters A and B correlated with the G1 genotype and included the 7 milk isolates. Although it was not possible to identify the infection source, these results strongly suggest a spreading of the infection from goat A. Clusters C and D overlapped with genotypes G2 and G3, respectively, and included only environmental isolates. The outcome of the antimicrobial susceptibility test performed on the isolates revealed 2 main patterns of multiple resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides. Virulence related phenotypes were analyzed, such as swarming and swimming motility, production of biofilm and production of secreted virulence factors. The isolates had distinct phenotypic profiles, corresponding to genotypes G1, G2 and G3. Overall, correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between sampling source, RAPD genotype, PFGE clusters, and phenotypic clusters. The comparison of the levels of virulence related phenotypes did not indicate a higher pathogenic potential in the milk isolates as compared to the environmental isolates.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Licia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scaccabarozzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi di Roma "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballarini
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.|Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Sez. Terr. Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barberio
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casula
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bronzo
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pisoni
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jousson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morandi
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rapetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunologiche Istituto superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Milano, Italy.|Cornell University, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moroni
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology*; D008413:Mastitis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D037521:Virulence Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D037521:Virulence Factors