title: A preliminary report of breast cancer screening by positron emission mammography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) have had a considerable impact on the detection of various malignancies. PET and PET/CT are minimally invasive methods that can provide whole-body imaging at one time. Therefore, an FDG-PET cancer screening program has been widely used in Japan. However, the breast cancer detection rate of FDG-PET cancer screening is relatively low. Therefore, FDG-PET screening is not recommended for breast cancer screening. Positron emission mammography (PEM) is a high-resolution molecular breast imaging technology. PEM can detect small breast cancers that cannot be detected on PET or PET/CT images due to limited spatial resolution. We have performed opportunistic breast cancer screening using PEM since 2011. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding PEM breast cancer screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 265 women. PEM images were analyzed by agreement of 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. The readers were given information from medical interview sheet. US findings were interpreted holistically. The number of participants, patient recall rate, further examination rate, and cancer detection rate by year were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall recall rate was 8.3%; the work-up examination rate was 77.3%, and cancer detection rate was 2.3%. The positive predictive value of PEM was 27.3%. Six cancers were found by PEM screening. Five were invasive cancers and one was ductal carcinoma in situ. Histological tumor sizes were reported in three cases: 0.7, 1.2, and 2 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEM screening appears to have potential for breast cancer screening.
authors.affiliation: Yuai Clinic, 1-6-2 Kitashinyokohama, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 223-0059, Japan. yamamoto.yayoi@yuai.org.
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Yuai Clinic, 1-6-2 Kitashinyokohama, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 223-0059, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tasaki
authors.affiliation: Yuai Clinic, 1-6-2 Kitashinyokohama, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 223-0059, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwada
authors.affiliation: Yuai Clinic, 1-6-2 Kitashinyokohama, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 223-0059, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Breast cancer screening; FDG-PET screening; Positron emission mammography