title: Clinical Usefulness of Ultrasonography-Guided Laryngeal Electromyography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the proper approach and technical method of ultrasonography-guided laryngeal electromyography (US-guided LEMG).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients who underwent US-guided LEMG were enrolled. US-guided LEMG was cooperatively performed by one otolaryngologist, one neurologist, and one radiologist. The location of the needle electrode was confirmed with US after electrode insertion into the laryngeal intrinsic muscle. The US transducer was applied on the neck by a transverse/midline and transverse/oblique approach to identify the cricothyroid (CT), thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles, and the location of the needle electrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT muscles were easily identified on US in all 20 patients. TA muscles were identified in 17 patients (85%). The transverse/oblique approach was helpful to detect TA muscle in case of calcified thyroid cartilage or anatomic variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US-guided LEMG, which enables the exact insertion of the needle electrode, improves the reliability of examination and is helpful in early detection and to prevent complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cha Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: sungmin@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007830:Larynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
keywords: Laryngeal electromyography; Ultrasonography