title: Identification of leaf volatiles from olive (Olea europaea) and their possible role in the ovipositional preferences of olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae).
abstract: The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is a monophagous pest that displays an oviposition preference among cultivars of olive (Olea europaea L.). To clarify the oviposition preference, the olive leaf volatiles of three olive cultivars (Cobrançosa, Madural and Verdeal Transmontana) were assessed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) at six different periods of olive fruit maturation and degrees of infestation. A total of 39 volatiles were identified, mainly esters and alcohols, with a minor percentage of aldehydes, ketones and terpenic compounds, including sesquiterpenes. At sampling dates with higher degrees of infestation, cv. Cobrançosa had, simultaneously, significantly lower infestation degrees and higher volatile amounts than the other two cultivars, with a probable deterrent effect for oviposition. The green leaf volatiles (GLVs) (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate) were the main compounds identified in all cultivars, together with toluene. The abundance of GLVs decreased significantly throughout maturation, without significant differences among cultivars, while toluene showed a general increase and positive correlation with olive fly infestation levels. The results obtained could broaden our understanding of the roles of various types and amounts of olive volatiles in the environment, especially in olive fly host selection and cultivar preference.
authors.affiliation: Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malheiro
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: sucasal@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casal
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal. Electronic address: jpereira@ipb.pt.
authors.forename: José Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000441:Hexanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000469:parasitology*; D010058:Oviposition; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000469:parasitology; D011174:Portugal; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000441:Hexanols; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C051918:3-hexen-1-ol
keywords: Bactrocera oleae (Tephritidae); Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae); Olive cultivar; Olive fly; Olive leaf; Oviposition preference; Volatiles