title: Sindbis and Middelburg Old World Alphaviruses Associated with Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa.
abstract: Old World alphaviruses were identified in 52 of 623 horses with febrile or neurologic disease in South Africa. Five of 8 Sindbis virus infections were mild; 2 of 3 fatal cases involved co-infections. Of 44 Middelburg virus infections, 28 caused neurologic disease; 12 were fatal. Middelburg virus likely has zoonotic potential.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Niekerk
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Human
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Erna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Wilpe
authors.forename: Marthi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pretorius
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swanepoel
authors.forename: Marietjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venter
mesh_terms: D000524:Alphavirus / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D006736:Horses / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D012845:Sindbis Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Alphaviruses; Middelburg virus; RT-PCR; Sindbis virus; South Africa; horses; neurologic disease; viruses