title: Facilitated physiological adaptation to prolonged circadian disruption through dietary supplementation with essence of chicken.
abstract: Synchrony between circadian and metabolic processes is critical to the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Studies on essence of chicken (EC), a chicken meat extract rich in proteins, amino acids and peptides, showed its effectiveness in alleviating fatigue and promoting metabolism. A recent study revealed that it facilitated the re-entrainment of clock genes (Bmal1, Cry1, Dec1, Per1 and Per2) in the pineal gland and liver in a rat model of circadian disruption. Here, we investigated the role of EC-facilitated circadian synchrony in the maintenance of the energy homeostasis using a mouse model of prolonged circadian disruption. Prolonged circadian disruption (12 weeks) resulted in hepatic maladaptation, manifested by a mild but significant (p < 0.05) hepatomegaly, accompanied by disturbed hepatic lipid metabolism and liver injury (indicated by increased circulating hepatic enzymes). Evidently, there was marked elevations of hepatic inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6), suggesting an underlying inflammation leading to the hepatic injury and functional impairment. Importantly, the disruption paradigm caused the decoupling between key metabolic regulators (e.g. mTOR and AMPK) and hepatic clock genes (Per1, Cry1, Dec1, Bmal1). Further, we showed that the loss of circadian synchrony between the master and hepatic clock genes (Per1, Cry1, Dec1, Bmal1) could be the underlying cause of the maladaptation. When supplemented with EC, the functional impairment and inflammation were abolished. The protective effects could be linked to its effectiveness in maintaining the synchrony between the master and hepatic clocks, and the resultant improved coupling of the circadian oscillators (Per1, Cry1, Dec1, Bmal1) and metabolic regulators (mTOR, AMPK). Overall, EC supplementation promoted the physiological adaptation to the prolonged circadian disruption through facilitation of endogenous circadian synchrony and the coupling of circadian oscillators and metabolic regulators. This forms an important basis for further elucidation of the physiological benefits of EC-facilitated circadian synchrony.
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .|b Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology , China , and.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Cencen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: c Cerebos Pacific Limited, China Square Central , Singapore.
authors.forename: Fai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Liangfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Wanjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Youxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Yujian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Boda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: c Cerebos Pacific Limited, China Square Central , Singapore.
authors.forename: Paramjeet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: a College of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , China .
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002645:Chickens; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins
keywords: AMPK; Circadian disruption; essence of chicken; mTOR; metabolic homeostasis