title: Engineered porphyrin loaded core-shell nanoparticles for selective sonodynamic anticancer treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Porphyrin-loaded core-shell nanoparticles have been engineered for use as in vivo sonosensitizing systems, radio-tracers or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging agents, which may be suitable for the selective treatment of solid tumors and imaging analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles (PMMANPs) have been either loaded with meso-tetrakis (4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) for sonodynamic anticancer treatment, with (64)Cu-TPPS for positron emission tomography biodistribution studies or with Mn(III)-TPPS for MR tumor accumulation evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMMANPs are easily functionalized with negatively charged molecules and show favorable biodistribution. In vivo TPPS-PMMANPs have demonstrated shock wave responsiveness in a Mat B III syngeneic rat breast cancer model as measured by MR analyses of pre- and post-treatment tumor volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPPS-PMMANPs are a multimodal system which can efficiently induce in vivo sonodynamic anticancer activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foglietta
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canaparo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballestri
authors.affiliation: Center of Preclinical Imaging, University of Torino, Via Ribes 5, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sotgiu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cicoria
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cravotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serpe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C016136:tetraphenylporphine sulfonate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: acoustic cavitation; cancer; polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles; porphyrin; reactive oxygen species; shock waves; sonodynamic therapy; sonosensitizer; theranostics; therapeutic ultrasound