title: Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: Clinico-Therapeutic Management: A Literature Review and Update.
abstract: Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious oral complications of head and neck cancer treatment. It is a severe delayed radiation-induced injury, characterized by bone tissue necrosis and failure to heal for at least 3 months. In most cases osteoradionecrosis gradually progresses, becoming more extensive and painful that leads to infection and pathological fracture. The present paper provides a literature review and update on the risk factors underlying osteoradionecrosis, its clinical and diagnostic particulars, prevention and most widely accepted treatment options including the latest treatment modalities. Lastly, a new early management protocol is proposed based on the current clinical criteria relating to osteonecrosis secondary to treatment with bisphosphonates, together with the adoption of new therapies supported by increased levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao, Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India.
authors.forename: Koteswara Rao
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Nadella
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao, Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India.
authors.forename: Rama Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kodali
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao, Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India.
authors.forename: Leela Krishna
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Guttikonda
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao, Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnaoutpalli, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, 521286 India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jonnalagadda
keywords: Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis; Etiology; Osteoradionecrosis; Pathophysiology; Risk factors; Treatment options