title: Efficacy of CPC and essential oils mouthwashes compared to a negative control mouthwash in controlling established dental plaque and gingivitis: A 6-week, randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a mouthwash containing 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in a fluoride-free, alcohol-free base and a mouthwash containing essential oils in a fluoride-free, 21.6% alcohol base as compared to a fluoride-free, alcohol-free non-antibacterial mouthwash in controlling established dental plaque and gingivitis after 6 weeks of twice daily use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-week, parallel-group, randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Recruited subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) a mouthwash containing 0.075% CPC in a fluoride-free, alcohol-free base (CPC); (2) a commercially-available mouthwash containing essential oils in a fluoride-free, 21.6% alcohol base (EO); or (3) a fluoride-free, alcohol-free non-antibacterial mouthwash (NC). Subjects were instructed to rinse with the assigned mouthwash, after tooth brushing, twice daily (morning and evening). After 4 and 6 weeks of product use, subjects were examined for gingivitis (Whole Mouth Gingival, Gingival Interproximal, Gingival Severity Indexes) and plaque (Whole Mouth Plaque, Plaque Interproximal, and Plaque Severity Indexes) parameters. For treatment group comparisons, ANCOVA and post hoc Tukey's pair-wise comparisons (α = 0.05) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  132 subjects were screened; 120 were enrolled; and 116 completed the study. After 6 weeks of product use, subjects using the CPC and EO mouthwashes exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.001) reductions of all gingival and plaque measurements compared to subjects using the NC mouthwash. Subjects using the CPC mouthwash did not exhibit a statistically significant (P > 0.05) reduction with respect to gingival severity and all plaque measures (Whole, Interproximal, and Severity) when compared to EO mouthwash. Subjects using the CPC mouthwash exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Gingival Index scores of 5.1% (P = 0.005), and Gingival Interproximal Index scores of 5.5% (P = 0.016) relative to subjects using the EO mouthwash. These reductions were not considered clinically significant.
authors.forename: Augusto R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Elias-Boneta
authors.forename: Milagros J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: Joselyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noboa
authors.forename: Ferdinand Lugo
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Romeu
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Rabab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaknis
authors.forename: Boyce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilch
authors.forename: Bernal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D002594:Cetylpyridinium