title: Seed-Specific Expression of the Arabidopsis AtMAP18 Gene Increases both Lysine and Total Protein Content in Maize.
abstract: Lysine is the most limiting essential amino acid for animal nutrition in maize grains. Expression of naturally lysine-rich protein genes can increase the lysine and protein contents in maize seeds. AtMAP18 from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a microtubule-associated protein with high-lysine content was introduced into the maize genome with the seed-specific promoter F128. The protein and lysine contents of different transgenic offspring were increased prominently in the six continuous generations investigated. Expression of AtMAP18 increased both zein and non-zein protein in the transgenic endosperm. Compared with the wild type, more protein bodies were observed in the endosperm of transgenic maize. These results implied that, as a cytoskeleton binding protein, AtMAP18 facilitated the formation of protein bodies, which led to accumulation of both zein and non-zein proteins in the transgenic maize grains. Furthermore, F1 hybrid lines with high lysine, high protein and excellent agronomic traits were obtained by hybridizing T6 transgenic offspring with other wild type inbred lines. This article provides evidence supporting the use of cytoskeleton-associated proteins to improve the nutritional value of maize.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Erli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liuying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dengyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056625:Endosperm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008239:Lysine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015028:Zein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; C520841:MAP18 protein, Arabidopsis; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D015028:Zein; D008239:Lysine