title: Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidines  as potential antibacterial agents.
abstract: The fragment FOL7185 (compound 17) was found to be a hit against IspD and IspE enzymes isolated from bacteria, and a series of analogs containing the pyrazolopyrimidine core were synthesized. The majority of these compounds inhibited the growth of Burkholderia thailandensis (Bt) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Compound 29 shows inhibitory activity at 0.1 mM (32.2 lg/mL), which is comparable to the control compound kanamycin (48.5 lg/mL). Compound 29 also shows inhibitory activity at 0.5 mM against kanamycin resistant P. aeruginosa. Saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) screening of these compounds against BtIspD and BtIspE indicated that most of these compounds significantly interact with BtIspE, suggesting that the compounds may inhibit the growth of Bt by disrupting isoprenoid biosynthesis. Ligand epitope mapping of compound 29 with BtIspE indicated that hydrogens on 2,4-dichlorophenyl group have higher proximity to the surface of the enzyme than hydrogens on the pyrazolopyrimidine ring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 300 Normal Road, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
authors.forename: Gashaw M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goshu
authors.forename: Debarati
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghose
authors.forename: Joy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Phillip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Darren W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: Stephen N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Hannah S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Udell
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Myler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meganathan
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hagen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; C118531:pyrazolopyridine