title: Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations and pancreatic cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. A role of dietary factors in pancreatic carcinogenesis has been suggested. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published 8 recommendations for cancer prevention. We evaluated the effect of adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations on pancreatic cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We operationalized 7 of the 8 WCRF/AICR recommendations to generate a WCRF/AICR score. We examined the association of WCRF/AICR score with pancreatic cancer in data from an Italian case-control study of 326 incident cases and 652 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was associated with a significantly decreased risk of pancreatic cancer. Using a WCRF/AICR score <3.5 as a reference, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a score 3.5-<4 was 0.80 (95% CI 0.49, 1.28), for a score 4-<5 0.54 (95% CI 0.35, 0.82), and for score 5 or more 0.41 (95% CI 0.24, 0.68; p-value for trend 0.0002). The OR for a continuous increment of one unit of the WCRF/AICR score was 0.72 (95% CI 0.60, 0.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations may reduce pancreatic cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA. Electronic address: aimee.lucas@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Aimee L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bravi
authors.affiliation: Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
keywords: American Institute for Cancer Research; Diet; Pancreatic cancer; Risk factors; World Cancer Research Fund