title: Prevalence of depression in Parkinson's disease in a Lebanese tertiary clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease can be emotionally and psychologically challenging to patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between Parkinson's disease and depression and the impact of the disease stage and patients' age and gender on this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional retrospective study on 200 patients aged above 35 years old from 10 different nationalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression was diagnosed in 46% of the patients enrolled. Most of these patients were treated with an antidepressant. Young age, female gender, and moderate Parkinson's disease stage were found to be significantly associated with depression (odds ratio of 1.19, 1.23, and 1.22, respectively, p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, the first of its kind in Lebanon and the Middle East and North Africa region, highlights the importance of studying depression in Parkinson's disease and the need for identifying and treating depression symptoms when treating Parkinson's disease patients.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Lebanese American University , Byblos , Lebanon.
authors.forename: Alissar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaddar
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Lebanese American University , Byblos , Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fawaz
authors.affiliation: b School of Arts and Sciences , Lebanese American University , Byblos , Lebanon.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khazen
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Lebanese American University , Byblos , Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy , Lebanese American University , Byblos , Lebanon.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milane
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; Parkinson’s disease stage; age; depression; gender