title: Custom-made titanium devices as membranes for bone augmentation in implant treatment: Clinical application and the comparison with conventional titanium mesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development of new custom-made devices to reconstruct alveolar bone for implantation, and comparison with conventional methods were the goals of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a computer-aided design technique, three-dimensional images were constructed. From these data, custom-made devices were produced by a selective laser melting method with pure titanium. Clinical trials also have been conducted with 26 participants who needed bone reconstruction before implantation; they were divided into 2 groups with 13 patients each. The first group uses custom-made devices; the other uses commercial titanium meshes that need to bend during operation. Some clinical aspects are evaluated after the trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The custom-made devices can be produced closely by following the data precisely. Devices are fit for bone defect site. Moreover, the operation time of the custom-made group (75.4 ± 11.6 min) was significantly shorter than that of the conventional group (111.9 ± 17.8 min) (p < 0.01). Mucosal rupture occurs, without significant difference (p = 0.27), in a patient in the custom-made without severe infection (7.7%), and 3 in conventional (23.1%), respectively. The retaining screw is significantly fewer in the custom-made group than commercial mesh group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that our novel protocol could be simple and safe for providing powerful support for guided bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: tomoki94530@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Naruto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otawa
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Y U
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.affiliation: Ehime Implant Clinic, 806, Tsuruyoshi, Masaki, Iyo-gun, Ehime, 791-3155, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200, Matsumotocho, Kasugai-City, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mtsushita
authors.affiliation: Osaka Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd., 4-4-8, Zuiko, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
authors.affiliation: Osaka Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd., 4-4-8, Zuiko, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Sagawa Printing Co., Ltd., 6-3, Inui, Morimoto, Hyuga-City, Kyoto, 617-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujibayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Wada Precision Dental Laboratories Co., Ltd., 5-7-16, Nishiawaji, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0031, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Wada Precision Dental Laboratories Co., Ltd., 5-7-16, Nishiawaji, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0031, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sohmura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration; D017076:Computer-Aided Design / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: Clinical trial; Computer aided design; Custom-made device; Guided bone regeneration; Rapid prototyping; Selective laser melting