title: A neuromarker of sustained attention from whole-brain functional connectivity.
abstract: Although attention plays a ubiquitous role in perception and cognition, researchers lack a simple way to measure a person's overall attentional abilities. Because behavioral measures are diverse and difficult to standardize, we pursued a neuromarker of an important aspect of attention, sustained attention, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. To this end, we identified functional brain networks whose strength during a sustained attention task predicted individual differences in performance. Models based on these networks generalized to previously unseen individuals, even predicting performance from resting-state connectivity alone. Furthermore, these same models predicted a clinical measure of attention--symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder--from resting-state connectivity in an independent sample of children and adolescents. These results demonstrate that whole-brain functional network strength provides a broadly applicable neuromarker of sustained attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Monica D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-3068
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Dustin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheinost
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Xenophon
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Papademetris
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: R Todd
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Constable
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.|Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D063132:Connectome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers