title: Evaluation of physical activity interventions in children via the reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework: A systematic review of randomized and non-randomized trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing reviews of physical activity (PA) interventions designed to increase PA behavior exclusively in children (ages 5 to 11years) focus primarily on the efficacy (e.g., internal validity) of the interventions without addressing the applicability of the results in terms of generalizability and translatability (e.g., external validity).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review used the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework to measure the degree to which randomized and non-randomized PA interventions in children report on internal and external validity factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A systematic search for controlled interventions conducted within the past 12years identified 78 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Based on the RE-AIM criteria, most of the studies focused on elements of internal validity (e.g., sample size, intervention location and efficacy/effectiveness) with minimal reporting of external validity indicators (e.g., representativeness of participants, start-up costs, protocol fidelity and sustainability).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this RE-AIM review emphasize the need for future PA interventions in children to report on real-world challenges and limitations, and to highlight considerations for translating evidence-based results into health promotion practice.
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. Electronic address: m0259261@community.nipissingu.ca.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGoey
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. Electronic address: zlroot885@community.nipissingu.ca.
authors.forename: Zach
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Root
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. Electronic address: markb@nipissingu.ca.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada. Electronic address: barbil@nipissingu.ca.
authors.forename: Barbi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Law
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Child; Health behavior; Health promotion; Intervention studies; Physical activity; Program evaluation; RE-AIM; Review; Schools; Translation