title: Uptake and Elimination of 4-Nonylphenol in the Enchytraeid Enchytraeus albidus.
abstract: We determined the uptake and elimination kinetics of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in Enchytraeus albidus. A relatively fast degradation of 4-NP in test soil occurred at 20°C (λ = 0.11 day(-1)). The concentration of 4-NP in worm tissue followed a three-phase kinetics model, with a short phase of fast 4-NP accumulation shortly after exposure start (k u = 0.97 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), followed by partial elimination (K e1 = 1.47 day(-1)) until reaching the equilibrium phase (A = 44.7 mg kg(-1) fresh tissue), and finally the elimination upon transfer to uncontaminated soil (K e2 = 0.67 day(-1)). During uptake, the internal concentration was similar to the concentration found in the soil, with a BAF ~ 1. In un-spiked soil, elimination took place within the first 24 h (elimination t1/2 ~ 1 day).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Patrício Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: M J B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark. martin.holmstrup@bios.au.dk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holmstrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007700:Kinetics; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C041594:4-nonylphenol
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Surfactant; Terrestrial enchytraeids; Toxicokinetics