title: Heterogeneity in Melanoma.
abstract: Melanoma is among the most aggressive and therapy-resistant human cancers. While great strides in therapy have generated enthusiasm, many challenges remain. Heterogeneity is the most pressing issue for all types of therapy. This chapter summarizes the clinical classification of melanoma, of which the research community now adds additional layers of classifications for better diagnosis and prediction of therapy response. As the search for new biomarkers increases, we expect that biomarker analyses will be essential for all clinical trials to better select patient populations for optimal therapy. While individualized therapy that is based on extensive biomarker analyses is an option, we expect in the future genetic and biologic biomarkers will allow grouping of melanomas in such a way that we can predict therapy outcome. At this time, tumor heterogeneity continues to be the major challenge leading inevitably to relapse. To address heterogeneity therapeutically, we need to develop complex therapies that eliminate the bulk of the tumor and, at the same time, the critical subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shannan
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Rajasekharan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. herlynm@wistar.org.
authors.forename: Meenhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herlyn
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Heterogeneity; Melanoma; Therapy