title: Salutary Effects of Cepharanthine against Skeletal Muscle and Kidney Injuries following Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion.
abstract: Limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes oxidation and inflammation and subsequently induces muscle and kidney injuries. Cepharanthine, a natural plant alkaloid, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. We elucidated the salutary effects of cepharanthine against muscle and kidney injuries following limb I/R. Adult male rats were randomized to receive I/R or I/R plus cepharanthine. I/R was achieved by applying tourniquet high around each thigh for 3 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Cepharanthine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was injected immediately before reperfusion. After euthanization, degrees of tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidation were examined. Our data revealed that the I/R group had significant increases in injury biomarker concentrations of muscle (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and kidney (creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1). Histological assays revealed moderate muscle and kidney injury characteristics in the I/R group. The I/R group also had significant increases in concentrations of inflammatory molecules (interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and prostaglandin E2) and reactive nitrogen species (nitric oxide) as well as lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Of note, these effects of limb I/R could be mitigated by cepharanthine. These data confirmed that cepharanthine attenuated muscle and kidney injuries induced by limb I/R. The mechanisms may involve its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacities.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan ; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chang
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Kung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Joen-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan ; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang