title: Concern-driven integrated approaches for the grouping, testing and assessment of nanomaterials.
abstract: NM's potential to induce adverse effects in humans or the environment is being addressed in numerous research projects, and methods and tools for NM hazard identification and risk assessment are advancing. This article describes how integrated approaches for the testing and assessment of NMs can ensure the safety of nanomaterials, while adhering to the 3Rs principle.
authors.affiliation: BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany. Electronic address: robert.landsiedel@basf.com.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landsiedel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D049490:Systems Biology / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Grouping; Integrated testing; Read across