title: Linoleic acid salt with ultrapure soft water as an antibacterial combination against dermato-pathogenic Staphylococcus spp.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Skin colonization of Staphylococcus spp. critically affects the severity of dermatitis in humans and animals. We examined different types of fatty acid salts for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp. when used in ultrapure soft water (UPSW). We also evaluated their therapeutic effect on a spontaneous canine model of dermatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UPSW, in which Ca(++) and Mg(++) were replaced with Na(+) , was generated using a water softener with cation-exchange resin. Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus), Staphylococcus intermedius (Staph. intermedius), and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (Staph. pseudintermedius) were incubated with various fatty acid salts in distilled water (DW) or UPSW and the number of bacteria was counted. Among the fatty acids, oleic acid salt and linoleic acid (LA) salt reduced the number of these bacteria. Also, UPSW enhanced the antibacterial effect of LA on Staph. spp. In spontaneously developed itchy dermatitis in companion dogs, shampoo treatment with liquid soap containing 10% LA in UPSW improved skin conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LA salt showed antibacterial activity against Staph. spp. Treatment with soap containing LA with UPSW reduced clinical conditions in dogs with dermatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because colonization of Staph. spp. on the skin exacerbates dermatitis, the use of LA-containing soap in UPSW may reduce unpleasant clinical symptoms of the skin.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, MIURA Co. Ltd., Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, MIURA Co. Ltd., Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.|Laboratories of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.|Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019301:Oleic Acid; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D012915:Soaps; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012915:Soaps; D014867:Water; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Staphylococcus spp.; dermatitis; linoleic acid salt; skin; ultrapure soft water