title: Water spectral pattern as holistic marker for water quality monitoring.
abstract: Online water quality monitoring technologies have been improving continuously. At the moment, water quality is defined by the respective range of few chosen parameters. However, this strategy requires sampling and it cannot provide evaluation of the entire water molecular system including various solutes. As it is nearly impossible to monitor every single molecule dissolved in water, the objective of our research is to introduce a complimentary approach, a new concept for water screening by observing the water molecular system changes using aquaphotomics and Quality Control Chart method. This approach can continuously provide quick information about any qualitative change of water molecular arrangement without taking into account the reason of the alteration of quality. Different species and concentrations of solutes in aqueous systems structure the water solvent differently. Aquaphotomics investigates not the characteristic absorption bands of the solute in question, but the solution absorption at vibrational bands of water's covalent and hydrogen bonds that have been altered by the solute. The applicability of the proposed concept is evaluated by monitoring the water structural changes in different aqueous solutions such as acid, sugar, and salt solutions at millimolar concentration level and in ground water. The results show the potential of the proposed approach to use water spectral pattern monitoring as bio marker of water quality. Our successful results open a new venue in water quality monitoring by offering a quick and cost effective method for continuous screening of water molecular arrangement. Instead of the regular analysis of individual physical or chemical parameters, with our method - as a complementary tool - the structural changes of water molecular system used as a mirror reflecting even small disturbances in water can indicate the necessity of further detailed analysis by conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Food Science, Department of Physics and Control, 14-16 Somlói str., Budapest 1118, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Kaposvár University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Product Qualification, 40 Guba Sándor str., Kaposvár 7400, Hungary.
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bázár
authors.affiliation: Shigeoka, Ltd., 898 Konono, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0086, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Shigeoka, Ltd., 898 Konono, Hashimoto, Wakayama 648-0086, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shigeoka
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Airi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.affiliation: Kobe University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Biomeasurement Technology Laboratory, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan. Electronic address: rtsen@kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Roumiana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsenkova
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007785:Lactose; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Aquaphotomics; Quality control chart; Spectral monitoring; Water molecular system