title: First complete genome sequence of European turkey coronavirus suggests complex recombination history related with US turkey and guinea fowl coronaviruses.
abstract: A full-length genome sequence of 27,739  nt was determined for the only known European turkey coronavirus (TCoV) isolate. In general, the order, number and size of ORFs were consistent with other gammacoronaviruses. Three points of recombination were predicted, one towards the end of 1a, a second in 1b just upstream of S and a third in 3b. Phylogenetic analysis of the four regions defined by these three points supported the previous notion that European and American viruses do indeed have different evolutionary pathways. Very close relationships were revealed between the European TCoV and the European guinea fowl coronavirus in all regions except one, and both were shown to be closely related to the European infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Italy 2005. None of these regions of sequence grouped European and American TCoVs. The region of sequence containing the S gene was unique in grouping all turkey and guinea fowl coronaviruses together, separating them from IBVs. Interestingly the French guinea fowl virus was more closely related to the North American viruses. These data demonstrate that European turkey and guinea fowl coronaviruses share a common genetic backbone (most likely an ancestor of IBV Italy 2005) and suggest that this recombined in two separate events with different, yet related, unknown avian coronaviruses, acquiring their S-3a genes. The data also showed that the North American viruses do not share a common backbone with European turkey and guinea fowl viruses; however, they do share similar S-3a genes with guinea fowl virus.
authors.affiliation: EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.|VIPAC Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: VB Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, G, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Touzain
authors.affiliation: VIPAC Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.|EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.affiliation: EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.|Institut Pasteur, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.|Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gouilh
authors.affiliation: VIPAC Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.|EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Courtillon
authors.affiliation: VIPAC Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.|EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allée
authors.affiliation: VIPAC Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.|EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemaitre
authors.affiliation: VB Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, G, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Boisséson
authors.affiliation: VB Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (Anses), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, G, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: VIPAC Unit, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Université Européenne de Bretagne, BP 53-22440 Ploufragan, France.|EPICOREM Consortium, Université de Caen, Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens (U2RM), F-14000 Caen, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eterradossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004752:Coronavirus, Turkey / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D023061:Gene Order; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D026801:Synteny; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral