title: Short- and long-term need for permanent pacemaker  after transcatheter implantation of the Edwards Sapien  aortic valve prosthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A permanent pacemaker is frequently needed after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, but the available data are mainly on the CoreValve system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the need for new permanent pacemaker after implantation of the Edwards Sapien device, as well as related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included the first 100 patients treated with the Edwards Sapien device at our institution. Of these, 12 had a permanent pacemaker before the procedure, and thus our study population was the remaining 88 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A permanent pacemaker was indicated in eight patients (9.1%) during hospitalization or at 30 days. After discharge, another four patients needed a pacemaker (at 42 days and three, 18, and 30 months). Two variables were associated with the need for pacemaker during hospitalization: previous dialysis (13% vs. 1%, p=0.042) and complete right bundle branch block before the procedure (25% vs. 5%, p=0.032). More than one month after the procedure, the characteristics associated with the need for pacemaker were plasma creatinine level (2.5±1.7 vs. 1.3±0.6 mg/dl, p=0.001) and previous myocardial infarction (50% vs. 10%, p=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of pacemaker implantation with the Edwards Sapien device was 9.1%. Right bundle branch block and dialysis were associated with this complication.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Recalde
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galeote
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Valero
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Davia
authors.forename: Ulises
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Jose Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.forename: Isidro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno-Gomez
authors.forename: José-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: López-Sendón
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D016896:Treatment Outcome