title: Anterior lens epithelial cells attachment to the basal lamina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the structure of the anterior lens epithelial cells (aLECs) and the contacts of the aLECs with the basal lamina (BL) in order to understand their role in the lens epithelium's function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aLCs (BL and associated aLECs) were obtained from routine uneventful cataract surgery, prepared for and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM shows that the basal surface of the aLECs (~10-15 μm) is with aLECs foldings (~1-3 μm) and extensions (~0.5-3 μm) attached to the BL. Confocal microscopy images of the basal sections of the aLECs after membrane staining also suggest that the basal part of aLECs has foldings (~1-3 μm). TEM shows in the aLECs basal parts, towards BL, the structures that look like entanglement (~1-4 μm). In cases where there is a swelling of the cytoplasm and offset of the aLECs from the BL, individual extensions (~0.5-2 μm) that extend to the BL are visible by TEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide detail evidence about the structural organization of the aLECs, in particular about their basal side which is in contact with the BL. This is supported by the complementary use of three techniques, SEM, TEM and confocal microscopy, each of them showing the same morphological features, the extensions and the entanglements of the aLECs cytoplasmic membrane at the border with the BL. The basal surface of the aLECs is increased. It suggests the functional importance of the contact between aLECs and BL.
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Sofija
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8130-728X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andjelic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Kazimir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drašlar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Anastazija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hvala
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lopic
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Janes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strancar
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawlina
mesh_terms: D057866:Anterior Capsule of the Lens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019923:Capsulorhexis; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
keywords: cataract; cell morphology; lens; lens epithelial cells; lens epithelium; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy