title: Musculoskeletal pain in people with and without type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: a population-based, retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Musculoskeletal pain in people with type 2 diabetes is a common issue even to this day. The study aimed to explore the 10-year cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal pain, the mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain, and the mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain by location in people with type 2 diabetes, compared with respective values for people without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study utilized a population-based retrospective cohort study design. The subjects were randomly obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The diabetic group included 6586 people with type 2 diabetes aged 18-50 years, while the non-diabetic group consisted of 32,930 age- and sex-matched people. Based on the medical records of individuals with musculoskeletal pain in the two groups from 2001 to 2010, the 10-year cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal pain, the mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain, and the mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain by location were calculated and compared, with the aim of identifying differences between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Showed that people in the diabetic group had a higher 10-year cumulative incidence of and a higher mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain than the non-diabetic group (p < 0.05). The relative risk (RR) of the 10-year cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal pain in the two groups was the highest (RR = 1.39) for people between 30 and 39 years of age. The mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain by location was significantly different between the two groups. However, the mean number of doctor visits for limb pain registered the largest difference between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with type 2 diabetes aged 18-50 years had a higher 10-year cumulative incidence of and a higher mean number of doctor visits for musculoskeletal pain than the non-diabetic group. Musculoskeletal pain might directly or indirectly interfere with or decrease the physical activity levels of people with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to detect and treat musculoskeletal pain early in order to promote physical activity and optimize blood sugar control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. lwpai@ctust.edu.tw.|Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.666, Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City, 40601, Taiwan. lwpai@ctust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Lee-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan. cthung@ctust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chin-Tun
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan. sfli@ctust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. lily@mail.cmu.edu.tw.|Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. lily@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.666, Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City, 40601, Taiwan. ycchung@ctust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yueh- Chin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.666, Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City, 40601, Taiwan. hlliu@ctust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsin-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult