title: Intravitreal ranibizumab as a primary or a combined treatment for severe retinopathy of prematurity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone I or posterior zone II treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) as monotherapy or combined treatment with laser photocoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study analyzing clinical records of the included patients. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included patients who received only IVR treatment; and group 2 was subdivided into group 2A - including patients with IVR as initial treatment and complementary laser photocoagulation if retinal neovascularization or plus disease did not regress, and group 2B - including patients with initial laser photocoagulation and IVR as rescue therapy. Favorable outcomes were regression of the retinal neovascularization and plus disease, meaning control of the disease. Unfavorable outcomes were progression to stages 4 and 5 of ROP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven eyes were included in the study. Mean birth weight and gestational age were 1,281±254 g and 29.5±2.1 weeks, respectively. Group 1 comprised of 16 eyes, with favorable outcomes in 14 eyes (87.5%). Group 2 comprised of 41 eyes, with favorable outcomes in 29 eyes (70.7%), in a mean follow-up period of 12.8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVR was effective to treat severe cases of ROP as a primary or a combined treatment. Forty-three of the 57 treated eyes (75.4%) achieved regression of ROP and favorable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Brazil.
authors.forename: Odalis
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arámbulo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iturralde
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fahir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fortes Filho
keywords: VEGF; aggressive posterior ROP; bevacizumab; prematurity; ranibizumab; retinopathy of prematurity; therapy; treatment