title: Iron oxide functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient sorbent for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of sulfadiazine followed by spectrophotometric and mode-mismatched thermal lens spectrometric determination.
abstract: A simple and rapid dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DMSPE) combined with mode-mismatched thermal lens spectrometry as well as fiber optic linear array spectrophotometry was developed for the separation, extraction and determination of sulfadiazine. Graphene oxide was synthesized using the modified Hummers method and functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles by means of a simple one step chemical coprecipitation method. The synthesized iron oxide functionalized graphene oxide was utilized as an efficient sorbent in DMSPE of sulfadiazine. The retained analyte was eluted by using 180µL of a 6:4 mixture of methanol/acetic acid solution and was spectrophotometrically determined based on the formation of an azo dye through coupling with thenoyltrifluoroacetone. Under the optimized conditions, with the application of spectrophotometry technique and with a sample volume of 100mL, the method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 3-80µg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.82µg L(-1), an enrichment factor of 200 as well as the relative standard deviations of 2.6% and 4.3% (n=6) at 150µg L(-1) level of sulfadiazine for intra- and inter-day analyses, respectively. Whereas, through the application of the thermal lens spectrometry and a sample volume of 10mL, the method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 1-800µg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.34µg L(-1) and the relative standard deviations of 3.1% and 5.4% (n=6) at 150µg L(-1) level of sulfadiazine for intra- and inter-day analyses, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of sulfadiazine in milk, honey and water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741 Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741 Yazd, Iran. Electronic address: sdadfarnia@yazd.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shayessteh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadfarnia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741 Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Haji Shabani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741 Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Laser and Optics Research School, 14155-1339 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rashidian Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Yazd University, Safaieh, 89195-741 Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behjat
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013804:Thenoyltrifluoroacetone / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010087:Oxides; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D013804:Thenoyltrifluoroacetone; D006108:Graphite; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: Diazotization; Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction; Iron oxide functionalized graphene oxide; Mode-mismatched thermal lens spectrometry; Sulfadiazine