title: Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India.
abstract: Buffaloes are the second largest source of milk. Mastitis is a major impediment for milk production, but not much information is available about bubaline mastitis, especially subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the application of various tests for the diagnosis of bubaline subclinical mastitis, (b) identify the major bacteria associated with it, and (c) evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria. To this end, 190 quarter milk samples were collected from 57 domesticated dairy buffaloes from organized (64 samples) and unorganized (126 samples) sectors. Of these, 48.4%, 40.0%, 45.8%, 61.1%, and 61.6% were positive for subclinical mastitis by somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, California mastitis test, bromothymol blue test, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase test, respectively. As compared to the gold standard of somatic cell count, California mastitis test performed the best. However, a combination of the two methods was found to be the best option. Microbiological evaluation, both by biochemical methods as well as by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, revealed that coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant (64.8%) bacteria, followed by streptococci (18.1%), Escherichia coli (9.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.3%). Most of the pathogens were resistant to multiple antibiotics, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. We propose that California mastitis test be combined with somatic cell count for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in domestic dairy buffaloes. Further, our results reveal high resistance of the associated bacteria to the β-lactam class of antibiotics, and a possible major role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing the disease in India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Preethirani
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Shrikrishna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isloor
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundareshan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nuthanalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deepthikiran
authors.affiliation: Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Akhauri Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rathnamma
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nithin Prabhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharada
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Trilochan K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mukkur
authors.affiliation: Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Nagendra R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hegde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000382:microbiology*; D002417:Cattle; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents