title: TiO2scaffolds in peri-implant dehiscence defects: an experimental pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to assess osseointegration of implants with dehiscence defects grafted with a TiO2scaffold. The secondary objective was to assess the performance of the scaffold in terms of mechanical stability and bone fill.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five minipigs had the mandibular premolars extracted. After healing, two dental implants (SLActive®, Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) with associated semi-cylindrical dehiscence defects (Ø = 6 mm, height = 10 mm) were installed in each quadrant. The defects were grafted with test scaffolds (n = 10) or control autologous bone blocks (n = 10). After 3 months submerged healing, the pigs were euthanized and the sites analysed by microcomputed tomography and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four minipigs were available for second stage surgery; (n = 9) experimental and (n = 7) control sites. The mean bone-to-implant contact on the defect side was 82% (±10%) and 79% (±11%) in the test and control groups respectively. The mean level of first bone-to-implant contact was more coronal on the defect side in the test group 3.2 mm (±0.4 mm) than in the control group 3.6 mm (±1.1 mm). The defect area occupied by bone within the extent of the scaffold varied, but averaged 37% (±14.6%) whereas the material itself occupied 7.4% (±3.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the study, the results suggest that the novel synthetic scaffold material perform similar to the autologous bone block control with respect to implant osseointegration. The mechanical properties of the scaffold appeared sufficient to withstand clinical load in the present experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. anderver@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verket
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Johan Caspar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wohlfahrt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ståle Petter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan Eirik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ellingsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Håvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jostein Haugen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-7233
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014025:Titanium; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: animal experiments; biomaterials; bone implant interaction; bone substitutes; guided tissue regeneration