title: Update of the human and mouse Fanconi anemia genes.
abstract: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessively inherited disease manifesting developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased risk of malignancies. Whereas FA has been studied for nearly 90 years, only in the last 20 years have increasing numbers of genes been implicated in the pathogenesis associated with this genetic disease. To date, 19 genes have been identified that encode Fanconi anemia complementation group proteins, all of which are named or aliased, using the root symbol "FANC." Fanconi anemia subtype (FANC) proteins function in a common DNA repair pathway called "the FA pathway," which is essential for maintaining genomic integrity. The various FANC mutant proteins contribute to distinct steps associated with FA pathogenesis. Herein, we provide a review update of the 19 human FANC and their mouse orthologs, an evolutionary perspective on the FANC genes, and the functional significance of the FA DNA repair pathway in association with clinical disorders. This is an example of a set of genes--known to exist in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and yeast--that are grouped together on the basis of shared biochemical and physiological functions, rather than evolutionary phylogeny, and have been named on this basis by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06250, USA.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Nebert
authors.affiliation: HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK.
authors.forename: Elspeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bruford
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Practice, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics and the Cancer Center Amsterdam/VUmc Institute for Cancer and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joenje
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06250, USA. vasilis.vasiliou@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasiliou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins