title: Gel Foam Renal Artery Embolization for Life-threatening Renal Haemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal artery embolization (RAE) is an important treatment option for patients with acute renal haemorrhage. Many types of embolic agents are presently available. We describe here the use of gel foam embolization for the treatment of acute renal haemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) underwent RAE. The indications in all cases were persistent renal haemorrhage which was secondary to renal biopsy (10 cases), blunt trauma to abdomen (1 case) and percutaneous nephrostomy (1 case). Embolic agent used was gel foam in all but one case. Embolization was done by selective catheterization of the feeding segmental / lobar renal artery branches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful obliteration of the vascular malformation with no post-procedure complications were achieved in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAE with gel foam is a relatively inexpensive, safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of life-threatening renal haemorrhage, preserving healthy renal parenchyma and renal function.
authors.forename: Rajneesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calton
authors.forename: Avinash Koshy
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Cinosh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Basant
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mammen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D005782:Gels