title: Brain angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis: A new target to reduce the cardiovascular risk to emotional stress.
abstract: Emotional stress is now considered a risk factor for several diseases including cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension. It is well known that the activation of neuroendocrine and autonomic mechanisms features the response to emotional stress. However, its link to cardiovascular diseases and the regulatory mechanisms involved remain to be further comprehended. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in homeostasis on all body systems. Specifically in the brain, the RAS regulates a number of physiological aspects. Recent data indicate that the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/AT1 receptor axis facilitates the emotional stress responses. On the other hand, growing evidence indicates that its counterregulatory axis, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/(Ang)iotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis, reduces anxiety and attenuates the physiological responses to emotional stress. The present review focuses on angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis as a promising target to attenuate the physiological response to emotional stress reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT - Nanobiofar), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: peliky@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Marco Antônio Peliky
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martins Lima
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT - Nanobiofar), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: robsonsant@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robson Augusto Souza dos
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000803:Angiotensin I; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7)
keywords: Angiotensin-(1–7); Anxiety; Cardiovascular; Emotional stress; MAS receptors; Neuropeptides