title: [Risk factors associated with bacterial growth in derivative systems from cerebrospinal liquid in pediatric patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors associated with bacterial growth in systems derived from cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case and controls study from January to December 2012, in patients aged <16 years who were carriers of hydrocephalus and who required placement or replacement of derivative system. Cases were considered as children with cultures with bacterial growth and controls with negative bacterial growth. Inferential statistics with Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests. Association of risk with odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 746 registries, cases n=99 (13%) and controls n=647 (87%). Masculine gender 58 (57%) vs. feminine gender 297 (46%) (p=0.530). Age of cases: median, five months and controls, one year (p=0.02). Median weight, 7 vs. 10 kg (p=0.634). Surgical interventions: median n=2 (range, 1-8) vs. n=1 (range, 1-7). Infection rate, 13.2%. Main etiology ductal stenosis, n=29 (29%) vs. n=50 (23%) (p=0.530). Non-communicating, n=50 (51%) vs. 396 (61%) (p=0.456). Predominant microorganisms: enterobacteria, pseudomonas, and enterococcus. Non-use of iodized dressing OR=2.6 (range, 1.8-4.3), use of connector OR=6.8 (range, 1.9-24.0), System replacement OR=2.0 (range, 1.3-3.1), assistant without surgical facemask OR=9.7 (range, 2.3-42.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Being a breastfeeding infant, of low weight, non-application of iodized dressing, use of connector, previous derivation, and lack of adherence to aseptic technique were all factors associated with ependymitis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jal., México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Jesús Vargas-Lares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Pediátrica, UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jal., México.
authors.forename: Angélica Rocío
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Andrade-Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectología Pediátrica, UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jal., México.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Díaz-Peña
authors.affiliation: División de Educación en Salud, UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jal., México.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barrera de León
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004805:Ependyma / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric