title: Toxicity of Water Accommodated Fractions of Estonian Shale Fuel Oils to Aquatic Organisms.
abstract: Estonia is the worldwide leading producer of the fuel oils from the oil shale. We evaluated the ecotoxicity of water accommodated fraction (WAF) of two Estonian shale fuel oils ("VKG D" and "VKG sweet") to aquatic species belonging to different trophic levels (marine bacteria, freshwater crustaceans and aquatic plants). Artificial fresh water and natural lake water were used to prepare WAFs. "VKG sweet" (lower density) proved more toxic to aquatic species than "VKG D" (higher density). Our data indicate that though shale oils were very toxic to crustaceans, the short-term exposure of Daphnia magna to sub-lethal concentrations of shale fuel oils WAFs may increase the reproductive potential of survived organisms. The weak correlation between measured chemical parameters (C10-C40 hydrocarbons and sum of 16 PAHs) and WAF's toxicity to studied species indicates that such integrated chemical parameters are not very informative for prediction of shale fuel oils ecotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia. irina.blinova@kbfi.ee.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blinova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.|Department of Chemical and Materials Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Liina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanarbik
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Mariliis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sihtmäe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahru
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004957:Estonia; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005648:Fuel Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical