title: Iodine status among pregnant women after mandatory salt iodisation.
abstract: I is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis and neurological development. Various changes occur in thyroid hormone metabolism during pregnancy and I requirements increase significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate I status among pregnant women in Trabzon, formerly a severely I-deficient area but shown to have become I sufficient following mandatory iodisation of table salt based on monitoring studies among school-age children (SAC) in the area. A total of 864 healthy pregnant women with a median age of 28 (25th-75th percentile 17-47) years participated in the study. None of them were using I-containing supplement. All of them were screened for use of iodised salt, obstetric history, thyroid function tests and urinary I concentrations (UIC), and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. Median UIC was 102 (25th-75th percentile=62-143) μg/l. Median UIC of the patients according to trimesters were 122 µg/l at the 1st, 97 µg/l at the 2nd and 87 µg/l at the 3rd trimester. UIC in the 1st trimester was higher compared with the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (P<0·017). Nodules were present in 17·7% of women (n 153). The rate of iodised salt usage among pregnant women was 90·7%. Our study demonstrates that, although the I status among SAC has been rectified, I deficiency (ID) is still prevalent among pregnant women. Current knowledge is in favour of I supplementation in this group. Until the effects of maternal I supplementation in mild ID have been clarified by large-scale prospective controlled trials, pregnant women living in borderline defficient and I-sufficient areas, such as Trabzon city, should receive 100-200 µg/d of I-containing supplements in addition to iodised salt.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Trabzon Kanuni Education and Research Hospital,61290 Trabzon,Turkey.
authors.forename: İ
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Anaforoğlu
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Trabzon Kanuni Education and Research Hospital,61290 Trabzon,Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Algün
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Trabzon Kanuni Education and Research Hospital,61290 Trabzon,Turkey.
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: İnceçayır
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine,Karadeniz Technical University,61080 Trabzon,Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topbaş
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine,Ankara University,06100 Ankara,Turkey.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine
keywords: ID iodine deficiency; Iodine; Iodine deficiency; Iodine supplementation; Pregnancy; SAC school-age children; TSH; Thyroid; UIC urinary iodine concentrations; thyroid-stimulating hormone