title: Experimental determination of the lateral dose response functions of detectors to be applied in the measurement of narrow photon-beam dose profiles.
abstract: This study aims at the experimental determination of the detector-specific 1D lateral dose response function K(x) and of its associated rotational symmetric counterpart K(r) for a set of high-resolution detectors presently used in narrow-beam photon dosimetry. A combination of slit-beam, radiochromic film, and deconvolution techniques served to accomplish this task for four detectors with diameters of their sensitive volumes ranging from 1 to 2.2 mm. The particular aim of the experiment was to examine the existence of significant negative portions of some of these response functions predicted by a recent Monte-Carlo-simulation (Looe et al 2015 Phys. Med. Biol. 60 6585-607). In a 6 MV photon slit beam formed by the Siemens Artiste collimation system and a 0.5 mm wide slit between 10 cm thick lead blocks serving as the tertiary collimator, the true cross-beam dose profile D(x) at 3 cm depth in a large water phantom was measured with radiochromic film EBT3, and the detector-affected cross-beam signal profiles M(x) were recorded with a silicon diode, a synthetic diamond detector, a miniaturized scintillation detector, and a small ionization chamber. For each detector, the deconvolution of the convolution integral M(x)  =  K(x)  ∗  D(x) served to obtain its specific 1D lateral dose response function K(x), and K(r) was calculated from it. Fourier transformations and back transformations were performed using function approximations by weighted sums of Gaussian functions and their analytical transformation. The 1D lateral dose response functions K(x) of the four types of detectors and their associated rotational symmetric counterparts K(r) were obtained. Significant negative curve portions of K(x) and K(r) were observed in the case of the silicon diode and the diamond detector, confirming the Monte-Carlo-based prediction (Looe et al 2015 Phys. Med. Biol. 60 6585-607). They are typical for the perturbation of the secondary electron field by a detector with enhanced electron density compared with the surrounding water. In the cases of the scintillation detector and the small ionization chamber, the negative curve portions of K(x) practically vanish. It is planned to use the measured functions K(x) and K(r) to deconvolve clinical narrow-beam signal profiles and to correct the output factor values obtained with various high-resolution detectors.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic for Medical Radiation Physics, Medical Campus Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poppinga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyners
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delfs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muru
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poppe
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Looe
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D016011:Normal Distribution; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D018130:Diamond; D012825:Silicon