title: The footprint of TGF-β in airway remodeling of the mustard lung.
abstract: Mustard lung is a major pulmonary complication in individuals exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) gas during the Iran-Iraq war. It shares common pathological and clinical features with some chronic inflammatory lung disorders, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway remodeling, which is one of the main causes of lung dysfunction and the dominant phenomenon of chronic pulmonary diseases, is seen in the mustard lung. Among all mediators involved in the remodeling process, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a pivotal role in lung fibrosis and consequently in the airway remodeling. Regarding the high levels of this mediator detected in mustard lung patients, in the present study, we have discussed the possible roles of TGF-β in airway remodeling (including epithelial layer damage, subepithelial fibrosis and angiogenesis). Finally, based on TGF-β targeting, we have reviewed new airway remodeling therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahriary
authors.affiliation: b Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and.
authors.forename: Mir Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Seyedzadeh
authors.affiliation: c Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: a Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salimian
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D009151:Mustard Gas
keywords: Airway remodeling; COPD; TGF-β; sulfur mustard