title: Lipoprotein(a) and Arterial Stiffness Parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and arterial stiffness are markers associated with the atherosclerotic processes. With regard to cardiovascular outcomes, the relationship between Lp(a) and arterial stiffness has not been sufficiently summarized. The present review focuses on the existing association between Lp(a) and arterial stiffness parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review included human clinical studies that were published between 1980 and 2015. The metrics of arterial stiffness parameters, 'pulse wave velocity' (PWV) and 'cardio-ankle vascular index' (CAVI), were used for this search, which yielded only 4 cross-sectional studies on this topic. Of these 4 studies, 3 reports were based on the use of PWV, while 1 study was based on the use of CAVI. Three studies (including the study using CAVI) reported that high Lp(a) levels were positively associated with arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present review indicates a positive association between Lp(a) and arterial stiffness, as assessed by PWV and CAVI. To definitively establish these findings, there is a need for further prospective outcome studies that simultaneously measure Lp(a) and the oxidative form of Lp(a) (as a pathological marker) as well as PWV and CAVI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.affiliation: Division of Community and Family Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan ; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotani
keywords: Apolipoprotein(a); Cardio-ankle vascular index; Lipoprotein(a); Oxidized lipoprotein(a); Pulse wave velocity