title: Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Models for the Classification of Grapevine Varieties Using a Portable NIR Spectrophotometer.
abstract: The identification of different grapevine varieties, currently attended using visual ampelometry, DNA analysis and very recently, by hyperspectral analysis under laboratory conditions, is an issue of great importance in the wine industry. This work presents support vector machine and artificial neural network's modelling for grapevine varietal classification from in-field leaf spectroscopy. Modelling was attempted at two scales: site-specific and a global scale. Spectral measurements were obtained on the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range between 1600 to 2400 nm under field conditions in a non-destructive way using a portable spectrophotometer. For the site specific approach, spectra were collected from the adaxial side of 400 individual leaves of 20 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties one week after veraison. For the global model, two additional sets of spectra were collected one week before harvest from two different vineyards in another vintage, each one consisting on 48 measurement from individual leaves of six varieties. Several combinations of spectra scatter correction and smoothing filtering were studied. For the training of the models, support vector machines and artificial neural networks were employed using the pre-processed spectra as input and the varieties as the classes of the models. The results from the pre-processing study showed that there was no influence whether using scatter correction or not. Also, a second-degree derivative with a window size of 5 Savitzky-Golay filtering yielded the highest outcomes. For the site-specific model, with 20 classes, the best results from the classifiers thrown an overall score of 87.25% of correctly classified samples. These results were compared under the same conditions with a model trained using partial least squares discriminant analysis, which showed a worse performance in every case. For the global model, a 6-class dataset involving samples from three different vineyards, two years and leaves monitored at post-veraison and harvest was also built up, reaching a 77.08% of correctly classified samples. The outcomes obtained demonstrate the capability of using a reliable method for fast, in-field, non-destructive grapevine varietal classification that could be very useful in viticulture and wine industry, either global or site-specific.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, University of La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. De Burgos Km. 6, 26007, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, University of La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. De Burgos Km. 6, 26007, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tardaguila
authors.affiliation: Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, University of La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. De Burgos Km. 6, 26007, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández-Novales
authors.affiliation: Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, University of La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. De Burgos Km. 6, 26007, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: María P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diago
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*