title: Broadband macroscopic cortical oscillations emerge from intrinsic neuronal response failures.
abstract: Broadband spontaneous macroscopic neural oscillations are rhythmic cortical firing which were extensively examined during the last century, however, their possible origination is still controversial. In this work we show how macroscopic oscillations emerge in solely excitatory random networks and without topological constraints. We experimentally and theoretically show that these oscillations stem from the counterintuitive underlying mechanism-the intrinsic stochastic neuronal response failures (NRFs). These NRFs, which are characterized by short-term memory, lead to cooperation among neurons, resulting in sub- or several- Hertz macroscopic oscillations which coexist with high frequency gamma oscillations. A quantitative interplay between the statistical network properties and the emerging oscillations is supported by simulations of large networks based on single-neuron in-vitro experiments and a Langevin equation describing the network dynamics. Results call for the examination of these oscillations in the presence of inhibition and external drives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldental
authors.affiliation: Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Pinhas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel ; Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
keywords: cortical oscillations; neual networks; neuronal plasticity; neuronal response failures; neuronal response latency