title: Translation and psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C⁺).
abstract: Dental anxiety (DA) is a common condition, with significant medical, psychological, and social consequences. High-quality psychometric tools for the assessment of dental anxiety are necessary for clinical and research purposes. The aim of this study was to adapt the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C(+) ) to the Swedish language and to explore the psychometric properties of the translated version. The study included a clinical sample (n = 414; 17-91 yr of age) and a non-clinical sample (n = 51; 19-47 yr of age). The scales used were the IDAF-4C(+) , the Single-Question Assessment of Dental Anxiety (SQDA), the Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and the Internal Health Locus of Control (IHLOC). The Swedish IDAF anxiety module showed a clear, one-dimensional structure, good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95), and adequate validity, as evidenced by strong correlations with the other DA measures (SQDA and DFS) and weak correlations with the IHLOC. In addition, the IDAF phobia module and the IDAF stimulus module were strongly correlated with the other DA measures. To conclude, the study shows promising findings for the reliability and validity of the Swedish translation of the IDAF-4C(+) , as a useful measure of dental anxiety in research and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wide Boman
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Armfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0290-2473
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016854:Dental Anxiety; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adults; assessment; dental anxiety; psychometrics