title: Recent advances in detection of AGEs: Immunochemical, bioanalytical and biochemical approaches.
abstract: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a cohort of heterogeneous compounds that are formed after the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Accumulation of AGEs in the body is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have reported the connecting link between AGEs and the various complications associated with diseases. Hence, detection and measurement of AGEs becomes centrally important to understand and manage the menace created by AGEs inside the body. In recent years, an increasing number of immunotechniques as well as bioanalytical techniques have been developed to efficiently measure the levels of AGEs, but most of them are still far away from being clinically consistent, as relative disparity and ambiguity masks their standardization. This article is designed to critically review the recent advances and the emerging techniques for detection of AGEs. It is an attempt to summarize the major techniques that exist currently for the detection of AGEs both qualitatively and quantitatively. This review primarily focuses on the detection and quantification of AGEs which are formed in vivo. Immunochemical approach though costly but most effective and accurate method to measure the level of AGEs. Literature review suggests that detection of autoantibody targeting AGEs is a promising way that can be utilized for detection of AGEs. Future research efforts should be dedicated to develop this method in order to push forward the clinical applications of detection of AGEs.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jalaluddin Mohd
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorder, Integral Research Centre-I, Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Saheem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorder, Integral Research Centre-I, Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Nashrah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorder, Integral Research Centre-I, Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farhan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Godovikova
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tatyana
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Uzma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shahab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: advanced glycation end products; glycation; immunochemical and analytical techniques for AGEs detection