title: Use of active extracts of poplar buds against Penicillium italicum and possible modes of action.
abstract: Antifungal components, from poplar buds active fraction (PBAF) against Penicillium italicum, the causal agent of blue mold in citrus fruits, were identified and possible action modes were investigated. Pinocembrin, chrysin and galangin were determined as active components in PBAF, using HPLC and HPLC-MS analysis. The antifungal activity is stable at temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 100 °C and pH levels ranging from 4 to 8. In the presence of PBAF, the hyphae become shriveled, wrinkled and the cell membrane became seriously disrupted. Further investigation on cell permeability, nucleic acid content and alkaline phosphatase suggest that the cell membrane might be the target. Mycelial oxygen consumption and the respiration-related enzymatic activity of succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and ATPase were all inhibited by PBAF. We propose that PBAF is a potentially useful alternative for blue mold control and may act against P. italicum by interfering with respiration and disrupting the cell membrane.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China. Electronic address: penglt12@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Litao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Siyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032107:Populus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Active constituents; Mode of action; P. italicum; Poplar buds; Respiration