title: New antiinflammatory sucrose esters in the natural sticky coating of tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica), an important culinary fruit.
abstract: Tomatillo is a popular culinary fruit. The sticky material on its surface, consumed as part of the fruit, has never been investigated. Chemical characterization of sticky material on tomatillo fruits yielded five new sucrose esters, as confirmed by spectroscopic methods. The solvent extract of the sticky material from the whole fresh fruit and pure isolates showed antiinflammatory activity as confirmed by in vitro cyclooxygenase enzymes inhibitory assays. Five sucrose esters isolated at 100 μg/mL (153.8, 138.8, 136.2, 141.6 and 138.8 μM, respectively) inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 enzymes by 50%. The cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity of extract and isolates at 100 μg/mL was similar to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, used as positive controls in the assay at 108, 12 and 15 μg/mL (600, 60 and 60 μM), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Chuan-Rui
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wajid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jehan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakht
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Chair of Date Palm Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: nairm@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Muraleedharan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D032321:Physalis / Q000737:chemistry*; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000032:analysis*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004952:Esters; D053147:Plant Exudates; D013395:Sucrose; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Cyclooxygenase enzymes inhibitor; Functional food; Inflammation; Sucrose esters; Tomatillo