title: Non-coding RNA as mediators in microenvironment-breast cancer cell communication.
abstract: The tumor microenvironment has a critical role in the survival and decision of the cancer cells. These include support by enhanced angiogenesis, and metastasis or adaptation of dormancy. This article discusses methods by which the microenvironment sustains the tumor. This process is important as it will identify avenues of drug targets. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are evolving as key mediators in the interaction between the cancer cells and the microenvironment. Thus, the question is how to develop methods to effectively block the effects of the ncRNA and/or to introduce them to prevent metastasis, dormancy or to reverse dormancy. We focused on the advantages of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for RNA delivery. MSCs can be available as "off-the-shelf" cells. Thus far, MSCs are shown to be safe when transplanted across allogeneic barriers. We discussed the various methods by which MSCs can interact with cancer cells to deliver ncRNA or antagomirs. We also include the advances and possible confounds of using these methods. Overall, this review article provides a potential method by which MSCs can be used for effective delivery of nucleic acid to treat cancer.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Jimmy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Trenton, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Trenton, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Garima
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Trenton, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Nykia D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Trenton, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Trenton, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ, USA. Electronic address: rameshwa@njms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Pranela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rameshwar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002450:Cell Communication; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: Breast cancer; Cancer stem cell; Connexin; Exosomes; Mesenchymal stem cells; miRNA