title: Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species.
abstract: Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. aghaffaruaf@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. yaminsynergic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yameen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. shumaila.asimch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shumaila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. shagufta_kamal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Shagufta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. Fatima_jalal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. bushramunirje@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. sadafsaleemuaf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sadaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. n_rafiq2005@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Naila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rafiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry/US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (USPCAS/AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. ahmadaftab1862@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aftab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. iramsaba2005@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Iram
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. a.jabbar.gpgc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Eucalyptus essential oils; GC/MS analysis; antimicrobial; antioxidant