title: Iranian-Islamic traditional medicine: An ancient comprehensive personalized medicine.
abstract: Personalized medicine (PM) is a novel term used for a medical model in which all diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of a disease are individualized for a patient using specific molecular testing. In Iranian-Islamic traditional medicine (IITM) an ancient paradigm for PM has been described which has been introduced in this paper. We reviewed the ancient resources of IITM and many valid recent studies on personalized medicine and described an ancient feature of personalized medicine in comparison with new ones. According to IITM scholars, every person has an individual temperament which is concluded of four basic humors combination. The individual temper is influenced by internal and external factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, season, and environment. This variability leads to different physical and mental behaviors toward a particular condition; so if we could identify the patient's temper, we would predict his/her health-related behaviors rather than predisposition and prognosis to different diseases, and select the best treatment. This holistic viewpoint of IITM to the human health and disease justifies the variable phenotypes among similar illnesses; the fact around which more advanced high-tech researches are being developed to explore all specific molecular pathways. IITM offers an ancient comprehensive PM (APM) which is more available and inexpensive compared to the modern PM (MPM). Moreover, APM focuses more on fitness than illness in comparison to MPM. It seems more attention to APM introduced by IITM could help us to promote health community. Design studies using high-tech MPM techniques would likely lead to clarification of most molecular aspects of APM.
authors.affiliation: Entekhab Cancer Preven on and Control Research Center, Ala Charity Foundation, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeinalian
authors.affiliation: Entekhab Cancer Preven on and Control Research Center, Ala Charity Foundation, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshaghi
authors.affiliation: Entekhab Cancer Preven on and Control Research Center, Ala Charity Foundation, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Homayoun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naji
authors.affiliation: Entekhab Cancer Preven on and Control Research Center, Ala Charity Foundation, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayyed Mohammad Masoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marandi
authors.affiliation: Entekhab Cancer Preven on and Control Research Center, Ala Charity Foundation, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sharbafchi
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asgary
keywords: Iranian; Islamic; personalized medicine; traditional medicine