title: Chronic unpredictable stress deteriorates the chemopreventive efficacy of pomegranate through oxidative stress pathway.
abstract: Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can influence the risk and progression of cancer through increased oxidative stress. Pomegranate is known to protect carcinogenesis through its anti-oxidative properties. This study is carried out to examine whether CUS affects the chemopreventive potential of pomegranate through oxidative stress pathway. Role of CUS on early stages of 7, 12 dimethyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis, and its pre-exposure effect on chemopreventive efficacy of pomegranate juice (PJ) was examined in terms of in vivo antioxidant and biochemical parameters in Swiss albino rats. Rats were divided in various groups and were subjected to CUS paradigm, DMBA administration (65 mg/kg body weight, single dose), and PJ treatment. Exposure to stress (alone) and DMBA (alone) led to increased oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the antioxidant enzymes activities and altering the glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels. A significant increase in DNA damage demonstrated by comet assay was seen in the liver cells. Stress exposure to DMBA-treated rats further increased the oxidative stress and disturbed the biochemical parameters as compared to DMBA (alone)-treated rats. Chemoprevention with PJ in DMBA (alone)-treated rats restored the altered parameters. However, in the pre-stress DMBA-treated rats, the overall antioxidant potential of PJ was significantly diminished. Our results indicate that chronic stress not only increases the severity of carcinogenesis but also diminishes the anti-oxidative efficacy of PJ. In a broader perspective, special emphasis should be given to stress management and healthy diet during cancer chemoprevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suhail
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Nayeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.|King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghulam Md
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syed Kashif
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: AlNohair
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. nbanuamu@gmail.com.|College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, P.O. Box 2100, Buraydah, 51451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. nbanuamu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Naheed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Banu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Carcinogenesis; Chronic unpredictable stress; DMBA; DNA damage; Oxidative stress; Pomegranate