title: Myeloid cell distribution and activity in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which an exacerbated immune response provokes oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination, the hallmarks of this neurological disease. The destruction of myelin due to the uncontrolled activity of the invading immune cells leads to the formation of MS plaques. Among the different leukocytes that participate in the immune response associated with MS, the role of myeloid cells has been analyzed extensively (i.e. macrophages, dendritic cells -DCs- and neutrophils). Hence, in this review we will summarize what is known about the distribution, expression and markers available to study myeloid cells, and their histopathology, not only in a standard animal model of MS (autoimmune experimental encephalomyelitis -EAE) but also in MS tissue. In this review, we will not only refer to mature myeloid cells but also to the undifferentiated and almost unexplored myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The active role of MDSCs in the prompt resolution of an immune episode is gaining importance, yet is still the subject of some debate. Finally, the similarities and differences between MS and EAE are discussed, particularly in terms of myeloid cell phenotype, activity and the markers used.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neurobiology Group-GNDe, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Finca "La Peraleda", Toledo and Animal Experimental Unit, Scientific Instrumentation Center (CIC), Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moliné-Velázquez
authors.affiliation: Flow Cytometry Facility, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Finca "La Peraleda", Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vila-Del Sol
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neurobiology Group-GNDe, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Finca "La Peraleda", Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neurobiology Group-GNDe, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Finca "La Peraleda", Toledo, Spain dclemente@sescam.jccm.es.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clemente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000473:pathology*