title: Impact of HIV-1 tropism on the emergence of non-AIDS events in HIV-infected patients receiving fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of HIV-1 tropism on the emergence of non-AIDS events was evaluated in a cohort of 116 antiretroviral therapy (ART) responder patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were followed for the emergence of hypertension, renal impairment, metabolic and bone disorders (defined as non-AIDS events) each 8 weeks at standard visits. A V3 plasma sequence genotype analysis was performed at the time of ART initiation and the geno2pheno algorithm with the results that defines the false-positive rate (FPR) was used to infer HIV tropism. The associations between the non-AIDS events and the FPR at baseline were evaluated using the χ test for trend. A Cox-regression analysis using the counting process formulation of Andersen and Gill was performed to define whether the emergence of non-AIDS events was correlated to FPR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of at least one non-AIDS event resulted higher in patients with a FPR below 10% than in patients with a R5 virus (P = 0.033). Patients with a FPR below 5.0% most frequently developed non-AIDS events during ART (P = 0.01). A higher prevalence of patients with at least two AIDS events was found in the group of patients with a FPR below 5.0% with respect to the others (P < 0.001). At multivariate Cox-regression analysis, having an X4 virus and age were independently associated with a higher probability of non-AIDS event development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that an X4 virus, particularly a FPR less than 5%, is related to non-AIDS events development. Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Systems Medicine bDepartment of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. *Gaetano Maffongellia and Claudia Alterib contributed equally to the writing of this article.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maffongelli
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alteri
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gentilotti
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertoli
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricciardi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malagnino
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Svicher
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dori
authors.forename: Carlo F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Perno
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreoni
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarmati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents