title: Bread fortified with anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice as nutraceutical sources: Its quality attributes and in vitro digestibility.
abstract: Anthocyanin-rich black rice extract powder (ABREP) as a nutraceutical source was fortified into bread. The quality and digestibility behaviors of bread with ABREP were evaluated through instrumental and in vitro digestion studies. The quality of bread with 2% of ABREP was not significantly (p>0.05) different from the control bread; however, increasing the ABREP level to 4% caused less elasticity and higher density of bread. A mathematical model was further developed to systemically describe the trajectory of bread digestion. The digestion rates of bread with ABREP were found to be reduced by 12.8%, 14.1%, and 20.5% for bread with 1%, 2%, and 4% of ABREP, respectively. Results of the study suggest that the fortification of anthocyanins into bread could be an alternative way to produce functional bread with a lower digestion rate and extra health benefits.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: chmzwb@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Weibiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins
keywords: Anthocyanin-rich black rice extract powder; Anthocyanins; Bread; Digestibility; Health benefits; Quality attributes