title: Efficacy and Myocardial Injury With Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators　- Computer Simulation of Defibrillation Shock Conduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator (S-ICD) systems have a lower invasiveness than traditional ICD systems, and expand the indications of ICD implantations. The S-ICD standard defibrillation shock output energy, however, is approximately 4 times that of the traditional ICD system. This raises concern about the efficacy of the defibrillation and myocardial injury. In this study, we investigated the defibrillation efficacy and myocardial injury with S-ICD systems based on computer simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, computer simulations were performed based on the S-ICD system configurations proposed in a previous study. Furthermore, simulations were performed by placing the lead at the left or right parasternal margin and the pulse generator in the superior and inferior positions (0-10 cm) of the recommended site. The simulated defibrillation threshold (DFT) for the 4 S-ICD system configurations were 30.1, 41.6, 40.6, and 32.8 J, which were generally similar to the corresponding clinical results of 33.5, 40.4, 40.1, and 34.3 J.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simulated DFT were generally similar to their clinical counterparts. In the simulation, the S-ICD system had a higher DFT but relatively less severe myocardial injury compared with the traditional ICD system. Further, the lead at the right parasternal margin may correspond to a lower DFT and cause less myocardial injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center.
authors.forename: Mahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noro
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asami
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yasutake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narabayasi
authors.forename: Hikari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kujime
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatsunami
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Keijirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugi
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular