title: Stability of niosomes with encapsulated vitamin D3 and ferrous sulfate generated using a novel supercritical carbon dioxide method.
abstract: Niosomes were prepared using a novel supercritical carbon dioxide based method to simultaneously encapsulate ferrous sulfate and vitamin D3 as hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargo, respectively. Vesicle particle size was determined to be bimodal with peak diameters of 1.44 ± 0.16 μm and 7.21 ± 0.64 μm, with the smaller peak comprising 98.8% of the total niosomal volume. Encapsulation efficiency of ferrous sulfate was 25.1 ± 0.2% and encapsulation efficiency of vitamin D3 was 95.9 ± 1.47%. Physical stability of the produced niosomes was assessed throughout a storage period of 21 days. Niosomes showed good physical stability at 20 °C, but storage at 4 °C showed an initial burst release, indicating possible rupture of the niosomal membrane. The Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was used to model the release of ferrous sulfate over time at both storage temperatures.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: b School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA , and.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Spoth
authors.affiliation: b School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA , and.|c Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Ithaca , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Lena F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kourkoutis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA .
authors.forename: Syed S H
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rizvi
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008081:Liposomes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D008081:Liposomes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C020748:ferrous sulfate
keywords: Iosome; micronutrient encapsulation; storage stability; supercritical CO2