title: Gold nanoparticles as multimodality imaging agents for brain gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, in particular for brain cancer therapy. However, this requires a detailed analysis of nanoparticles from the associated microvasculature to the tumor, not easy because of the required high spatial resolution. The objective of this study is to demonstrate an experimental solution of this problem, based in vivo and post-mortem whole organ imaging plus nanoscale 3-dimensional (3D) X-ray microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as contrast agents paved the way to a detailed high-resolution three dimensional (3D) X-ray and fluorescence imaging analysis of the relation between xenografted glioma cells and the tumor-induced angiogenic microvasculature. The images of the angiogenic microvessels revealed nanoparticle leakage. Complementary tests showed that after endocytotic internalization fluorescent AuNPs allow the visible-light detection of cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AuNP-loading of cells could be extended from the case presented here to other imaging techniques. In our study, they enabled us to (1) identify primary glioma cells at inoculation sites in mice brains; (2) follow the subsequent development of gliomas. (3) Detect the full details of the tumor-related microvasculature; (4) Finding leakage of AuNPs from the tumor-related vasculature, in contrast to no leakage from normal vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. sflai@phys.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sheng-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. bhko@phys.sinica.edu.tw.|Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. bhko@phys.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Bai-Hung
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. chiachi.chien@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chia-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. echo826@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. smyang@phys.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shun-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1029 LMMA, University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France. hhchen@phys.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiang-Hsin
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1029 LMMA, University of Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France. cyril.petibois@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petibois
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. hondy2195@gmail.com.|Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. hondy2195@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dueng-Yuan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hueng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. shukmanka@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shuk-Man
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. Aannchen31717@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Giorgio.margaritondo@epfl.ch.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Margaritondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. phhwu@sinica.edu.tw.|Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. phhwu@sinica.edu.tw.|Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. phhwu@sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004705:Endocytosis; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006046:Gold