title: Differential detection of a surrogate biological threat agent (Bacillus globigii) with a portable surface plasmon resonance biosensor.
abstract: New methods and technology are needed to quickly and accurately detect potential biological warfare agents, such as Bacillus anthracis, causal agent of anthrax in humans and animals. Here, we report the detection of a simulant of B. anthracis (B. globigii) alone and in a mixture with a different species of Bacillus to test non-specific interference using a portable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor (SPIRIT 4.0, Seattle Sensor Systems). Both direct capture and antibody amplification were used to determine the limit of detection for spores of B. globigii, and to detect spores of B. globigii in a mixed sample containing another Bacillus spp. Spores of B. globigii were detected by anti-B. globigii (anti-Bg) coated sensors by direct capture at a concentration of 10(7)spores/mL, and with a secondary antibody amplification at a concentration of 10(5)spores/mL. Spores of B. globigii were differentially detected in a 1:1 mixture with B. pumilus spores from equal concentrations (10(7)spores/mL) with a secondary antibody amplification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the differential detection of B. globigii with SPR in a mixed sample containing at least one additional Bacillus spp., highlighting the potential for SPR to detect any target bacterium in a mixed sample of closely related species. With the availability of portable instrumentation to accurately detect biological warfare agents such as B. anthracis, emergency responders can implement protocols in a timely fashion, limiting the amount of exposed individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Adducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Hope A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gruszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Piyum A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Khatibi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: dschmale@vt.edu.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Schmale
mesh_terms: D000881:Anthrax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006801:Humans; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial
keywords: Anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; SPR; Spore