title: Assessment of psychometric properties of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) in Spanish mothers.
abstract: The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was developed to assess mother-infant bonding disturbances in the postpartum period. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PBQ in a sample of Spanish postpartum women. Eight hundred forty mothers were recruited in the postpartum visit (4-6 weeks after delivery): 513 from a gynecology unit (forming the general population sample) and 327 mothers from a perinatal psychiatry program (forming the clinical sample). All women were assessed by means of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the PBQ. Neither the original four-factor structure nor alternative structures (Reck et al. 2006; Wittkowski et al. 2010) were replicated by the confirmatory factor analyses. An exploratory factor analysis showed a four-factor solution. The Schmid-Leiman transformation found a general factor that accounted for 61% of the variance of the PBQ. Bonding impairment showed higher associations with depressive symptomatology in both samples. The Spanish version of the PBQ showed adequate psychometric properties for use with clinical and general populations of Spanish postpartum women. The results suggest that the PBQ could be summarized by a general factor and confirm the utility of the use of the total score for detecting bonding impairment.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.|Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.|Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender research group, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluïsa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Esteve
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. annatorresgim@yahoo.es.|Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. annatorresgim@yahoo.es.|Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender research group, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain. annatorresgim@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychology and Psychosomatics, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gracia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lasheras
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Bruma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palacios-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychology and Psychosomatics, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farré-Sender
authors.affiliation: Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender research group, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain.|Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subirà
authors.affiliation: Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender research group, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, Lower Brockington Farm, Bredenbury, HR7 4TE, UK.
authors.forename: Ian Fraser
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Brockington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009769:Object Attachment; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Mother-infant relationship disorder; Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire; Postpartum depression; Psychometric properties; Spanish population sample