title: Chemokine profiles of human visceral adipocytes from cryopreserved preadipocytes: Neutrophil activation and induction of nuclear factor-kappa B repressing factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In obesity, infiltration of adipose tissue by proinflammatory immune cells causes chronic low-grade inflammation. We investigated the chemokine profiles of human visceral adipocytes by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the effect of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human adipocytes were obtained from cryopreserved omental preadipocytes of subjects with a body mass index (BMI) <30kg/m(2) or >30kg/m(2) and were cultured to assess chemokine production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemokine responses associated with obesity-related inflammation were well preserved in cultured human adipocytes derived from cryopreserved preadipocytes. Visceral adipocytes from subjects with a BMI >30kg/m(2) expressed mRNA for MCP-1, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78), interleukin-8 (IL-8), lymphotactin-β, and fractalkine. Although visceral adipocytes from subjects with a BMI <30kg/m(2) also expressed MCP-1, RANTES, ENA-78, and IL-8 mRNA, neither lymphotactin-β nor fraktalkine mRNA was detected. Interestingly, expression of MCP-1 mRNA was decreased significantly after exposure to HNE (85×10(3)μM/L), suggesting the induction of nuclear factor-kappa B repressing factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adipocytes from subjects with a BMI >30kg/m(2) or <30kg/m(2) have different chemokine profiles. Only adipocytes from subjects with a BMI >30kg/m(2) express lymphotactin-β and fractalkine mRNA. Differential chemokine profiles of visceral adipocytes contribute to infiltration of adipose tissue by adaptive immune cells. Neutrophil activation is involved in induction of nuclear factor-kappa B repressing factor, resulting in regulation of immune cell trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Medical School, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Arisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narahara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiuchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan. Electronic address: yamaguti@kumamoto-hsu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016328:NF-kappa B
keywords: Adaptive immunity; Human visceral adipocytes; Neutrophil elastase