title: Salivary extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHSP70) levels increase after 59 min of intense exercise and correlate with resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels at rest.
abstract: This study aimed to identify the response of a salivary stress protein, extracellular heat shock protein (eHSP70), to intense exercise and to investigate the relationship between salivary eHSP70 and salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in response to exercise. Sixteen healthy sedentary young males (means ± SD 23.8 ± 1.5 years, 172.2 ± 6.4 cm, 68.3 ± 7.4 kg) performed 59 min of cycling exercise at 75% VO2max. Saliva and whole blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after completion of the exercise (1, 2, 3, and 4 h). The salivary eHSP70 and SIgA levels were measured by enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the secretion rates were computed by multiplying the concentration by the saliva flow rate. White blood cells were analyzed using an automated cell counter with a direct-current detection system. The salivary eHSP70 secretion rates were 1.11 ± 0.86, 1.51 ± 1.47, 1.57 ± 1.32, 2.21 ± 2.04, 3.36 ± 2.72, and 6.89 ± 4.02 ng · min(-1) at Pre, Post, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. The salivary eHSP70 secretion rate was significantly higher at 4 h than that at Pre, Post, 1, and 3 h (p < 0.05). The SIgA secretion rates were 26.9 ± 12.6, 20.3 ± 10.4, 19.6 ± 11.0, 21.8 ± 12.8, 21.5 ± 11.9, and 21.9 ± 11.7 μg · min(-1) at Pre, Post, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. The salivary SIgA secretion rate was significantly lower between 1 and 4 h than that at Pre (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary eHSP70 and SIgA in both concentration and secretion rates before exercise (p < 0.05). The absolute number of white blood cells significantly increased after exercise, with a maximum at 2 h (p < 0.05). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly increased from 1 to 4 h when compared with that in the Pre samples (p < 0.05). The present study revealed that salivary eHSP70 significantly increased at 4 h after the 59 min of intense exercise in sedentary male subjects. Exercise stress can induce elevated salivary eHSP70 level and upregulate oral immune function partially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care and Sports, Faculty of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Oka 48-1, Asaka-Shi, Saitama, 351-8510, Japan. you_suko@mac.com.|Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. you_suko@mac.com.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan.|Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Studies, Aichi Toho University, 3-11 Heiwagaoka, Meitou-ku, Aichi, 465-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
keywords: Acute intense exercise; Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; Salivary extracellular heat shock protein 70; Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A