title: Susceptibility to insecticides and activities of glutathione S-transferase and esterase in populations of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Mississippi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is a serious pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Mississippi, particularly in the Delta region. This may be due to decreased insecticide susceptibility in that region. Research has revealed populations of L. lineolaris in the Delta region with high levels of insecticide resistance; however, comparisons with populations in the remainder of the state are limited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments were undertaken to compare the LC50 values and activities of detoxification enzymes of L. lineolaris populations. The results of these studies indicated that the LC50 values were not different between the Delta and Hills regions, but differences were significant between populations within and across regions. Results of the detoxifying enzyme activity assays revealed significantly higher esterase activity in the Delta region when compared with the Hills. Glutathione S-transferase activity was not different between regions, but differences within and across regions were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that glass-vial assays to determine and compare LC50 values may be less accurate than enzymatic assays for detecting insecticide susceptibility differences. Higher esterase activity is likely a contributing factor to the difficulties with managing L. lineolaris in the Mississippi Delta region. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Natraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Angus L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Catchot
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Fred R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Musser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003368:Gossypium / Q000469:parasitology; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007093:Imidazoles; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D008922:Mississippi; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D026023:Permethrin; D063088:Phosphoramides
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D063088:Phosphoramides; C082359:imidacloprid; C001969:acephate; D026023:Permethrin; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004950:Esterases
keywords: Lygus lineolaris; cotton; esterase; glutathione S-transferase; insecticide resistance