title: Cinnamaldehyde inhibits fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis by modulating the oxidative stress response of Aspergillus flavus.
abstract: Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is a promising natural preservative and generally recognized as safe for commodities as well as consumers. In this work, the antifungal effects of CIN on Aspergillus flavus were evaluated both in solid and in liquid culture conditions. Our results indicated that CIN effectively inhibited radial growth, spore production, mycelium formation, and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis by A. flavus in a dose-dependent manner. At the concentration of 104 mg L(-1), CIN exposure was able to completely inhibit fungal growth as well as aflatoxin B1 production. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of CIN were closely connected with the treatment period and the tested fungal species. Compared with the control strains, CIN dose dependently changed the morphology and ultrastructure of mycelium in different degree. Especially, the reduction of hydrogen peroxide was considered to follow the destruction of mitochondrial. Meanwhile, CIN significantly cut the levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione. The activity of total superoxide dismutase was significantly inhibited after CIN treatment at the end of incubation, whereas the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were opposite. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of CIN could attribute to oxidative stress alleviation possibly induced by modifications of cellular structure as well as redox status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Nongda South Road, Haidian District, Xibeiwang Town, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Nongda South Road, Haidian District, Xibeiwang Town, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Southwest University, No.1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China. zslu@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhisong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Nongda South Road, Haidian District, Xibeiwang Town, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. liuyang01@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000171:Acrolein; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: Aflatoxin B1; Aspergillus flavus; Cinnamaldehyde; Inhibitory activities; Oxidative stress; Redox status