title: The Efficacy of Adapted MBCT on Core Symptoms and Executive Functioning in Adults With ADHD: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness as a treatment for adults diagnosed with ADHD. A 12-week-adapted mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program is compared with a waiting list (WL) group.
  
  
  
  Adults with ADHD were randomly allocated to MBCT ( n = 55) or waitlist ( n = 48). Outcome measures included investigator-rated ADHD symptoms (primary), self-reported ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, depressive and anxiety symptoms, patient functioning, and mindfulness skills.
  
  
  
  MBCT resulted in a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms, both investigator-rated and self-reported, based on per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. Significant improvements in executive functioning and mindfulness skills were found. Additional analyses suggested that the efficacy of MBCT in reducing ADHD symptoms and improving executive functioning is partially mediated by an increase in the mindfulness skill "Act With Awareness." No improvements were observed for depressive and anxiety symptoms, and patient functioning.
  
  
  
  This study provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of MBCT for adults with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sevket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hepark
authors.affiliation: 1 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: 2 University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: 1 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Poppy L A
authors.initials: PLA
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.affiliation: 1 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rogier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donders
authors.affiliation: 1 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: 1 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne E M
authors.initials: AEM
authors.lastname: Speckens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods*; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; adults; executive functioning; mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; patient functioning