title: Quantitative determination of carboxylic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, ethanol and hydroxymethylfurfural in honey by (1)H NMR.
abstract: A method using (1)H NMR spectroscopy has been developed to quantify simultaneously thirteen analytes in honeys without previous separation or pre-concentration steps. The method has been successfully applied to determine carboxylic acids (acetic, formic, lactic, malic and succinic acids), amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, proline and tyrosine), carbohydrates (α- and β-glucose and fructose), ethanol and hydroxymethylfurfural in eucalyptus, heather, lavender, orange blossom, thyme and rosemary honeys. Quantification was performed by using the area of the signal of each analyte in the honey spectra, together with external standards. The regression analysis of the signal area against concentration plots, used for the calibration of each analyte, indicates a good linearity over the concentration ranges found in honeys, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.985 for the thirteen quantified analytes. The recovery studies give values over the 93.7-105.4% range with relative standard deviations lower than 7.4%. Good precision, with relative standard deviations over the range of 0.78-5.21% is obtained.
authors.affiliation: University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Faculty of Chemistry, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: del Campo
authors.affiliation: University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Faculty of Chemistry, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuriarrain
authors.affiliation: University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Faculty of Chemistry, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
authors.forename: Andoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuriarrain
authors.affiliation: University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Faculty of Chemistry, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain. Electronic address: i.berregi@ehu.eus.
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berregi
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005632:Fructose; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006601:Hexoses; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D011392:Proline / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D046930:Thymus Plant
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D006601:Hexoses; D005632:Fructose; D000431:Ethanol; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D011392:Proline; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine
keywords: (1)H NMR; Honey; Metabolites; Quantitative analysis