title: Postoperative Analgesia Provided by Liposomal Hydromorphone in Client-Owned Dogs Undergoing Limb Amputation.
abstract: The analgesic efficacy of liposomal hydromorphone (LE-hydro) was tested in dogs undergoing limb amputation. The positive controls (n = 10) received subcutaneous (SQ) hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg) and 1.5 mL of blank liposomes before surgery; fentanyl continuous rate infusion (CRI), 5-10 μg/kg/hr IV, during and for 24 hr after surgery; and a fentanyl patch at extubation. The negative controls (n = 7) received SQ hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg) and 1.5 mLs of blank liposomes SQ before surgery, fentanyl CRI (5-10 μg/kg/hr IV) during surgery but stopped at extubation, and a fentanyl patch at extubation. The test group (n = 11) received 3 mg/kg of LE-hydro and 1.5 mL of saline SQ before surgery, 1.5 mL of saline SQ, and a saline CRI during surgery. All groups received a bupivacaine block in the limb prior to amputation and carprofen prior to surgery. Treatment failures, pain scores, opioid side effects, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and client-reported pain and side effects were evaluated. There were three treatment failures in the positive control (3/10) and test groups (3/11). Negative controls had seven treatment failures (7/7). Side effects for all three groups were within expected limits. LE-hydro provides postoperative analgesia equivalent to fentanyl CRI in dogs undergoing limb amputation.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (L.K-H., L.J.S, B.S., P.V.S., C.B.); and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (T.D.H.).
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krugner-Higby
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (L.K-H., L.J.S, B.S., P.V.S., C.B.); and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (T.D.H.).
authors.forename: Lesley J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (L.K-H., L.J.S, B.S., P.V.S., C.B.); and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (T.D.H.).
authors.forename: Brynn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (L.K-H., L.J.S, B.S., P.V.S., C.B.); and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (T.D.H.).
authors.forename: Paulo V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Steagall
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (L.K-H., L.J.S, B.S., P.V.S., C.B.); and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (T.D.H.).
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (L.K-H., L.J.S, B.S., P.V.S., C.B.); and the Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (T.D.H.).
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Heath
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000662:veterinary*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008081:Liposomes; D004091:Hydromorphone