title: Development of novel mucoadhesive hyaluronic acid derivate as lubricant for the treatment of dry eye syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dry eye - a disease affecting between 4 and 34% of the population worldwide. Stressful conditions to ocular surface, contact lenses as well as systemic disease cause dry eye. Novel synthesized hyaluronic acid derivate was evaluated in terms of its potential as mucoadhesive and lubricant. Results & methodology: Hyaluronic acid was chemically modified with cysteine ethyl ester (hyaluronic acid-cysteine ethyl ester). Mucoadhesion, disintegration and water uptake capacity, moreover, safety as the hen's egg test for mucous membrane compatibility were evaluated. According to the results, hyaluronic acid-cysteine ethyl ester achieved 3.81-fold increased swelling capacity, 30.5-fold more improvement mucoadhesive properties and 9.72-fold higher stability of hyaluronic acid, which was achieved due to the chemical modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the promising results underpin further exploitation of this versatile polysaccharide for treating dry eye syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laffleur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dachs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D065587:Ocular Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D065346:Lubricant Eye Drops; C086359:hyaluronic acid ethyl ester; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid