title: Evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) attributed to atmospheric O3, NO2, and SO2 using Air Q Model (2011-2012 year).
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important disease worldwide characterized by chronically poor airflow. The economic burden of COPD on any society can be enormous if not managed. We applied the approach proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the AirQ2.2.3 software developed by the WHO European Center for Environment and Health on air pollutants in Tabriz (Iran) (2011-2012 year). A 1h average of concentrations of ozone (O3), daily average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were used to assess human exposure and health effect in terms of attributable proportion of the health outcome and annual number of excess cases of Hospital Admissions for COPD (HA COPD). The results of this study showed that 2% (95% CI: 0.8-3.1%) of HA COPD were attributed to O3 concentrations over 10 μg/m(3). In addition, 0.7 % (95% CI: 0.1-1.8%) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0-1%) of HA COPD were attributed to NO2 and SO2 concentrations over 10 μg/m(3) respectively. In this study, we have shown that O3, NO2 and SO2 have a significant impact on COPD hospitalization. Given these results the policy decisions are needed in order to reduce the chronic pulmonary diseases caused by air pollution and furthermore better quantification studies are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanbari Ghozikali
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heibati
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naddafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Landmark Center Room 415, Boston, MA 0211, United States.
authors.forename: Itai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kloog
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy. Electronic address: olivericonti@unict.it.
authors.forename: Gea
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliveri Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Teaching Hospital-Policlinico-V. Emanuele II, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polosa
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrante
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
keywords: Air Pollution; AirQ software; COPD; Hospitalization; Nitrogen dioxide; Ozone; Sulfur dioxide