title: Who withdraws? Psychological individual differences and employee withdrawal behaviors.
abstract: Psychological individual differences, such as personality, affectivity, and general mental ability, have been shown to predict numerous work-related behaviors. Although there is substantial research demonstrating relationships between psychological individual differences and withdrawal behaviors (i.e., lateness, absenteeism, and turnover), there is no integrative framework providing scholars and practitioners a guide for conceptualizing how, why, and under what circumstances we observe such relationships. In this integrative conceptual review we: (a) utilize the Cognitive-Affective Processing System framework (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) to provide an overarching theoretical basis for how psychological individual differences affect withdrawal behaviors; (b) create a theoretical model of the situated person that summarizes the existing empirical literature examining the effect of psychological differences on withdrawal behavior; and (c) identify future research opportunities based on our review and integrative framework.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Organizational Behavior, Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Swider
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University.
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Resource Management, Rutgers University, Warwick Business School.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000339:Affect; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*