title: When the brain does not adequately feel the body: Links between low resilience and interoception.
abstract: This study examined neural processes of resilience during aversive interoceptive processing. Forty-six individuals were divided into three groups of resilience Low (LowRes), high (HighRes), and normal (NormRes), based on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). Participants then completed a task involving anticipation and experience of loaded breathing during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recording. Compared to HighRes and NormRes groups, LowRes self-reported lower levels of interoceptive awareness and demonstrated higher insular and thalamic activation across anticipation and breathing load conditions. Thus, individuals with lower resilience show reduced attention to bodily signals but greater neural processing to aversive bodily perturbations. In low resilient individuals, this mismatch between attention to and processing of interoceptive afferents may result in poor adaptation in stressful situations.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA. Electronic address: lhaase@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA. Electronic address: jennifer.stewart@qc.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA. Electronic address: byoussef@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA. Electronic address: acmay@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: April C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA. Electronic address: sara.isakovic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isakovic
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. Electronic address: ansimmons@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA; Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106-3521, USA. Electronic address: dcj002@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Naval Special Warfare Command, 2000 Trident Way, San Diego, CA 92155-5599, USA. Electronic address: eric.potterat@navsoc.socom.mil.
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Potterat
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. Electronic address: mpaulus@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D065812:Interoception / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Insula; Interoception; Resilience; fMRI