title: Impact of glycemic control on oral health status in type 2 diabetes individuals and its association with salivary and plasma levels of chromogranin A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of glycemic control status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals on clinical oral health indicators and to compare the concentrations of plasma and salivary chromogranin A (CHGA) among nondiabetic subjects and T2DM patients, exploring their associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 32 patients with controlled T2DM, 31 with poorly controlled T2DM and 37 nondiabetic subjects underwent a clinical and periodontal examination. CHGA concentrations were determined in saliva and plasma with ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poorly controlled T2DM group exhibited significantly higher mean buffering capacity, plaque index and bleeding on probing than other groups (P<0.05). No difference was found to DMFT (decayed, missed and filled teeth) index between groups. Sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) of 4 and 5-6mm were significantly higher in both diabetic groups compared to control group (P<0.05). Poorly controlled T2DM group had significantly higher sites with CAL ≥ 7 mm than other groups (P=0.001). Significantly higher plasma and salivary CHGA levels were found in T2DM groups (P<0.05). In both diabetic groups, probing depths 5-6mm and CAL 5-6mm were associated with higher salivary CHGA concentration (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings revealed that T2DM patients were more prone to periodontal tissue damage than to caries risk. The results also provide some evidence that the degree of attachment loss deteriorates significantly with poor glycemic control in T2DM (CAL ≥ 7 mm). Moreover, the results suggest that high concentrations of salivary CHGA are associated with worse periodontal parameters and T2DM, and this could be related to the pathogenesis of both diseases.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT Campus I Bloco S, CEP 71966-700 Taguatinga-DF, Brazil. Electronic address: mikaela.kogawa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Evelyn Mikaela
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kogawa
authors.affiliation: Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT Campus I Bloco S, CEP 71966-700 Taguatinga-DF, Brazil. Electronic address: dgrisi@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Daniela Corrêa
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Grisi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil. Electronic address: dfalcao@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Denise Pinheiro
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus avançado Asa Norte-SGAN 916 módulo B avenida W5CEP 70790-160 Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: ingridaquinos2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ingrid Aquino
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT Campus I Bloco S, CEP 71966-700 Taguatinga-DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus avançado Asa Norte-SGAN 916 módulo B avenida W5CEP 70790-160 Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: taiambr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Taia Maria Berto
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.affiliation: FCE, Universidade de Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, conjunto A, lote 01, CEP 72220-900, Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: belbiomedica@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina Rodrigues
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biotecnologia e Genética), Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n-Campus Universitário, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Electronic address: osmar.silva@catolica.edu.br.
authors.forename: Osmar Nascimento
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus avançado Asa Norte-SGAN 916 módulo B avenida W5CEP 70790-160 Brasília, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Esplanada dos Ministérios Bloco E, 2° andar, Sala 242, CEP 70067-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, CEP 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Electronic address: ocfranco@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Octávio Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil. Electronic address: rivadavioamorim@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rivadávio Fernandes Batista
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Amorim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D053379:Chromogranin A
keywords: Chromogranin A; Oral health; Periodontitis; Saliva; Stress; Type 2 diabetes