title: Innate lymphoid type 2 cells in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2) have a critical role in the initiation and regulation of type 2 immune responses and are recognized as an important source of type-2 cytokines. Here, we present recent findings of the role of ILC2 in the integration, processing, and coordination of innate and adaptive immune processes and focus on the potential role of ILC2 in the context of chronic rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent research has shown the complex crosstalk that occurs between ILC2 and different innate and adaptive immune cell types with a critical role for ILC2 not only in mounting type 2 immune responses at barrier surfaces, but also in tissue repair responses and normal homeostatic functions. ILC2 research in a disease context has brought important insights in particular in the context of allergic inflammatory diseases, emphasizing a critical role for ILC2 and in particular ILC2-derived IL-13 in diseases of the upper and lower airways such as asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification and characterization of ILC2 in the context of health and disease have brought a wealth of new knowledge into the mechanisms of type 2 immune responses. This is relevant to diverse disorders, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, fibrosis, helminth repulsion, and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery - Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vreugde
authors.forename: Peter-John
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wormald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C578095:IL13 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13