title: Combination of ultrasound and newly synthesized magnetic nanocapsules affects the temperature profile of CT26 tumors in BALB/c mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a combination of 3-MHz ultrasound waves with a new magnetic nanocapsule containing 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on the temperature profile of a mouse colon tumor (CT26) in BALB/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, 5-Fu-loaded magnetic nanocapsules were synthesized using a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to evaluate the efficiency of nanocapsule localization in the tumor during magnetic drug targeting (MDT). Tumors were separately exposed to 3-MHz ultrasound waves at the intensities of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 W/cm(2) for 10 min in the absence and presence of nanocapsules. The temperature of the tumor was recorded at 1-min intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effective diameter of the nanocapsules was approximately 70 nm, and it was demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles were well dispersed inside the nanocapsules. MRI confirmed that the magnetic nanocapsules were successfully targeted to the tumor after accomplishing MDT. Temperature change due to sonication of the tumor was strongly intensity dependent. Moreover, temperature-time curves revealed that the magnetic nanocapsules significantly affected the temperature rise profile of a sonicated tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data presented in this study would be helpful to develop an ultrasound-mediated MDT procedure so that temperature changes of the tumor and its surrounding normal tissues may be controllable.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), PO Box 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran. a-shakerizadeh@razi.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shakeri-Zadeh
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), PO Box 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran.|Razi Drug Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Samideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoei
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoee
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.|Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), PO Box 14155-5983, Tehran, Iran. shiranmb@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shiran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D053769:Nanocapsules; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: Cancer; Magnetic drug targeting; Nanotechnology; Thermal effects; Ultrasound