title: Custodiol Solution and Cold Blood Cardioplegia in Arterial Switch Operation: Retrospective Analysis in a Single Center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cardioplegia is one of the most significant tools used to increase myocardial protection. The aim of our study is to compare the use of Custodiol solution versus intermitted blood cardioplegia in a retrospective analysis of data for patients who underwent arterial switch operation in our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2008 to March 2011, myocardial protection was performed in 44 neonates (blood group) with intermittent blood cardioplegia. From March 2011 to November 2014, myocardial protection was performed in 50 neonates (Custodiol group) with one-shot anterograde Custodiol cardioplegia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp were more favorable in Custodiol group (p-value 0.005 and ≤ 0.00001). The rate of delayed sternal closure was 63.6% in the blood group and 52% in the Custodiol group (p = 0.25). In the postoperative outcomes we did not find differences between the two groups. The 30-day mortality was one patient in the blood group (p = 0.46). We observed a transient ischemic electrocardiogram in 10 patients of the blood group and in 14 of the Custodiol group (p = 0.72), all cases with full resolution during hospitalization without coronary reoperation. A trend of higher peak of troponin-I and brain natriuretic peptide in Custodiol group has been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No prefect cardioplegia exists, the Custodiol solution does not cause extra/additional myocardial damage in arterial switch operation. In our experience this strategy seems warranted to simplify the procedure and to be more comfortable for the surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arcieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantinotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Vitali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maizza
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Assanta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moschetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio," Massa, MS, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murzi
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011343:Procaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C039984:Bretschneider cardioplegic solution; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D008353:Mannitol; D011343:Procaine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D005947:Glucose