title: Association of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha Polymorphisms with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Iranian Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies and the etiology of orofacial clefts is multifactorial. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) is expressed at the medial edge epithelium of fusing palatal shelves during craniofacial development. In this study, the association of two important TGFA gene polymorphisms, BamHI (rs11466297) and RsaI (rs3732248), with CL/P was evaluated in an Iranian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies of BamHI and RsaI variations were determined in 105 unrelated Iranian subjects with nonsyndromic CL/P and 218 control subjects using PCR and RFLP methods, and the results were compared with healthy controls. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BamHI AC genotype was significantly higher (p=0.016) in the patients (12.4%) than the control group (5.0%). The BamHI C allele was significantly higher (p=0.001; OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.6-7.4) in the cases (8.0%) compared with the control group (2.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that there was an association between the TGFA BamHI variation and nonsyndromic CL/P in Iranian population.
authors.affiliation: Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebadifar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontic, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamedi
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Khorram Khorshid
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kioomars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saliminejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Koorosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamali
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aghakhani Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Esmaeili Anvar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazilla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ameli
keywords: Association Study; Cleft lip/palate; Polymorphism; Transforming Growth Factor Alpha