title: Carnauba wax p-methoxycinnamic diesters: Characterisation, antioxidant activity and simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by in vitro bioaccessibility.
abstract: The beneficial biological effects of cinnamic acid derivatives and the lack of studies on the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of cinnamic esters from carnauba wax, diesters were extracted from carnauba wax powder. Their structural, physical and morphological characteristics, antioxidant activity and in vitro bioaccessibility were measured. p-Methoxycinnamic diester (PCO-C) was identified, which has a crystalline, apolar structure and exhibited significant antioxidant activity (107.27 ± 3.92 μM Trolox/g of dry weight) before and after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and 32.46% bioaccessibility. In human cells, PCO-C (250 μg/mL) inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, with an effect similar to that of Trolox (80 μM). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PCO-C had high thermal stability and high UV absorption between 250 and 350 nm. These results indicate that this compound is promising as an antioxidant for pharmaceutical and food industry applications, such as the development of active packaging and functional foods.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Humana, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Munguba, (1700), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.714.903, Brazil. Electronic address: claisafreitas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claisa Andréa Silva
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Humana, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Munguba, (1700), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.714.903, Brazil. Electronic address: icarogpv@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Ícaro Gusmão Pinto
authors.initials: ÍG
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Cultura e Arte, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Campus Universitário do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60356-000, Brazil. Electronic address: phenriquemachado@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique Machado
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra Sara Mesquita, 2270, Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60511-110, Brazil. Electronic address: celli.muniz@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Celli Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Ceará, Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Campus Universitário do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60356-000, Brazil. Electronic address: leonia_gonzaga@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Maria Leônia da Costa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gonzaga
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Humana, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Munguba, (1700), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.714.903, Brazil. Electronic address: florinfg@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Maria Izabel Florindo
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Guedes
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002934:Cinnamates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014885:Waxes; C029010:cinnamic acid; C026344:carnauba wax
keywords: Antioxidant; Carnauba; Cinnamic acid diesters; ROS