title: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
abstract: Over the past few years melanoma incidence has been rising steadily, resulting in an increase in melanoma related mortality. Until recently, therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma were scarce. Chemotherapy and, in some countries, IL-2 were the only registered treatment modalities. In the last five years, treatment with immunotherapy (anti CTLA-4, anti PD-1, or the combination of these antibodies) has shown very promising results and was able to improve survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is yet another, but highly promising, immunotherapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic melanoma. This review will discuss the development of TIL as a treatment option for melanoma, its mode of action and simplification over time, and the possibilities to expand this therapy to other types of cancer. Also, the future directions of TIL based therapies will be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.geukes@nki.nl.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Geukes Foppen
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark. Electronic address: Marco.Donia@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donia
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark. Electronic address: Inge.Marie.Svane@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Svane
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.haanen@nki.nl.
authors.forename: J B A G
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Haanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000628:therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
keywords: Adoptive cell transfer; Interleukin-2; Lymphodepletion; Melanoma; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes