title: Serum carboxymethyl-lysine, a dominant advanced glycation end product, is increased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to measure one of the circulating Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) - Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) - in a case-control study (n = 307) of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and physiological pregnancies and to ascertain the factors contributing to CML levels and the potential relevance of CML for selected perinatal and postpartum outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects underwent oGTT between 24th and 30th week of gestation and GDM was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. CML was determined by ELISA using commercial kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unadjusted and plasma protein adjusted CML levels were significantly higher in women with GDM compared to healthy controls (P = 0.00043 and P = 1x10(-5), respectively, Mann-Whitney). CML was significantly inversely correlated with both pre- and mid-gestational BMI, however, differences between GDM and control group remained significant even after adjustment for BMI. CML levels correlated with 1-h and 2-h post-load glycaemia during oGTT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we found statistically significantly higher protein- and BMI-normalised CML levels measured during 24-30th week of gestation in women with GDM compared to healthy pregnant controls. Further studies are warranted to comprehensively asses the spectrum of AGEs in GDM and their relevance to future metabolic health of mother and offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A18, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vendula
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bartakova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Radana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kollarova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A18, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuricova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sebekova
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Centre of the Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belobradkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A18, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kankova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: BMI; CML; gestational diabetes; oral glucose tolerance test; postpartum glucose intolerance