title: Influence of cervical preflaring on apical transportation in curved root canals instrumented by reciprocating file systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cervical preflaring on apical transportation in curved root canals prepared using the Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating file systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty curved canals were instrumented using Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary files, with and without preflaring (n = 15). A double-digital technique was used to digitally superimpose the file before instrumentation (#15 K-file) on the final apical reciprocating file (#25/08). The angle between the tip of the initial and final file was measured and recorded. Groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and significance was set at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and standard deviation for apical transportation was 0.93 ± 2.48 for the Reciproc Group, 0.84 ± 1.94 for the Preflaring + Reciproc Group, 0.40 ± 1.14 for the WaveOne Group, and 0.83 ± 2.20 for the Preflaring + WaveOne Group. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups (p = 0.9509).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, cervical preflaring did not influence apical transportation in curved root canals instrumented using Reciproc R25 and the WaveOne Primary files. Based on the in vitro measurements of apical transportation, the reciprocating files may be used without preflaring in curved root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neisiana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. dpleonardi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denise Piotto
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Samara
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Baechtold
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Correr
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilisa Carneiro Leão
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gabardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: João César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zielak
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300 Campo Comprido, 81280-330, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baratto-Filho
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium