title: Simulation of ultrasonic and EMAT arrays using FEM and FDTD.
abstract: This paper presents a method which combines electromagnetic simulation and ultrasonic simulation to build EMAT array models. For a specific sensor configuration, Lorentz forces are calculated using the finite element method (FEM), which then can feed through to ultrasonic simulations. The propagation of ultrasound waves is numerically simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to describe their propagation within homogenous medium and their scattering phenomenon by cracks. Radiation pattern obtained with Hilbert transform on time domain waveforms is proposed to characterise the sensor in terms of its beam directivity and field distribution along the steering angle.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: yuedong.xie@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Yuedong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: wuliang.yin@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Wuliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. Electronic address: liuzenghua@bjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zenghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.peyton@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peyton
keywords: Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT); Finite difference time domain (FDTD); Finite element method (FEM); Phased array; Ultrasonic Testing (UT)