title: Evaluation of trapezoidal-shaped 3-D plates for internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fractures in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results and to assess the efficacy, stability, and rigidity of trapezoidal 3-D plates for osteosynthesis in adult mandibular subcondylar fracture patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 15 cases of trauma having mandibular subcondylar fractures, in which open reduction and internal fixation are indicated. After selecting patient according to the inclusion criteria, all patients underwent open reduction and rigid fixation. Fracture was then stabilized using 4 hole, 2.0 mm trapezoidal-shaped 3-D titanium plates using retromandibular incision. Postoperative clinical examination was carried out on 3rd day; 1st, 2nd, and 4th weeks; and 3rd and 6th months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study suggest that the fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture with trapezoidal-shaped 3-D plates provides three-dimensional stability and carries low morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with gross displacement of condylar fragment, major reduction in posterior facial height, and deranged occlusion can be successfully managed by open reduction of condylar fracture and its fixation using 3-D plates.
authors.affiliation: Head, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
authors.forename: Harshvardhan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
authors.forename: Manpreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
authors.forename: Arpit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vashistha
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244001, India.
authors.forename: Gagandeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
keywords: Condylar fracture; Open reduction; Trapezoidal condylar plates