title: Mechanisms of restriction of viral neuroinvasion at the blood-brain barrier.
abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of highly specialized cells including brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and neurons, which act in concert to restrict the entry of pathogens, immune cells, and soluble molecules into the central nervous system (CNS). If pathogens manage to cross the BBB and establish infection within the CNS, the BBB can open in a regulated manner to allow leukocyte transmigration into the CNS so that microbes, infected cells, and debris can be cleared. This review highlights how different inflammatory cytokines or signaling pathways disrupt or enhance BBB integrity in a way that regulates entry of neurotropic viruses into the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: diamond@borcim.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002465:Cell Movement; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020286:Pericytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines