title: Advances in improving the performance of cellulase in ionic liquids for lignocellulose biorefinery.
abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as a class of promising solvents that can dissolve lignocellulosic biomass and then provide enzymatic hydrolyzable holocellulose. However, most of available cellulases are completely or partially inactivated in the presence of even low concentrations of ILs. To more fully exploit the benefits of ILs to lignocellulose biorefinery, it is critical to improve the compatibility between cellulase and ILs. Various attempts have been made to screen natural IL-tolerant cellulases from different microhabitats. Several physical and chemical methods for stabilizing cellulases in ILs were also developed. Moreover, recent advances in protein engineering have greatly facilitated the rational engineering of cellulases by site-directed mutagenesis for the IL stability. This review is aimed to provide the first detailed overview of the current advances in improving the performance of cellulase in non-natural IL environments. New ideas from the most representative progresses and technical challenges will be summarized and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China. Electronic address: xujiaxing@hytc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiaxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, China; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 210000, China.
authors.forename: Bingfang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D044602:Cellulases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D055550:Protein Stability
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin; D044602:Cellulases; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Biorefinery; Cellulase; Improvement; Ionic liquid; Tolerance