title: The effect of sung speech on socio-communicative responsiveness in children with autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: There is emerging evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of music-based interventions for improving social functioning in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). While this evidence lends some support in favor of using song over spoken directives in facilitating engagement and receptive intervention in ASD, there has been little research that has investigated the efficacy of such stimuli on socio-communicative responsiveness measures. Here, we present preliminary results from a pilot study which tested whether sung instruction, as compared to spoken directives, could elicit greater number of socio-communicative behaviors in young children with ASD. Using an adapted single-subject design, three children between the ages of 3 and 4 years, participated in a programme consisting of 18 sessions, of which 9 were delivered with spoken directives and 9 with sung. Sessions were counterbalanced and randomized for three play activities-block matching, picture matching and clay play. All sessions were video-recorded for post-hoc observational coding of three behavioral metrics which included performance, frequency of social gesture and eye contact. Analysis of the videos by two independent raters indicated increased socio-communicative responsiveness in terms of frequency of social gesture as well as eye contact during sung compared to spoken conditions, across all participants. Our findings suggest that sung directives may play a useful role in engaging children with ASD and also serve as an effective interventional medium to enhance socio-communicative responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Centre Gurgaon, India.
authors.forename: Arkoprovo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Centre Gurgaon, India ; International Laboratory of Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), University of Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharda
authors.affiliation: Children First Mental Health Institute New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Soumini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Children First Mental Health Institute New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Iti
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Children First Mental Health Institute New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Nayantara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.affiliation: Children First Mental Health Institute New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Centre Gurgaon, India.
authors.forename: Nandini C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: autism; eye contact; joint attention; socio-communicative responsiveness; song