title: Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication--Pakistan, January 2014-September 2015.
abstract: Since Nigeria reported its last case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) in July 2014, Pakistan and Afghanistan remain the only two countries where WPV transmission has never been interrupted. This report describes actions taken and progress achieved toward polio eradication in Pakistan during January 2014-September 2015 and updates previous reports. A total of 38 WPV1 cases were reported in Pakistan during January-September 2015, compared with 243 during the same period in 2014 (an 84% decline). Among WPV1 cases reported in 2015, 32 (84%) occurred in children aged <36 months, nine (32%) of whom had never received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Twenty-six (68%) of the 38 reported cases occurred in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. During January-September 2015, WPV1 was detected in 20% (64 of 325) of environmental samples collected, compared with 34% (98 of 294) of samples collected during the same period in 2014. The quality and scope of polio eradication activities improved considerably following the establishment of a national Emergency Operations Center, which coordinated polio eradication partners' activities. All activities are following a National Polio Eradication Emergency Action Plan that includes a rigorous action plan for the polio low transmission season (January-April). The presence of WPV1 in environmental samples in areas where no polio cases are detected highlights the need to improve surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Focused efforts to close remaining immunity gaps by locating, tracking, and vaccinating continually missed children and improving coverage with OPV through the routine vaccination program are needed to stop WPV transmission in Pakistan.
authors.forename: Noha H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: Mufti Zubair
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Wadood
authors.forename: Rana Muhammad
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Safdar
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Sabrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamdi
authors.forename: Rudolph H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tangermann
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D060740:Disease Eradication; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral