title: The radiology of diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease in children: pearls, pitfalls and new kids on the block in 2015.
abstract: Diffuse interstitial lung disease in children differs markedly from interstitial lung disease in adults and is a distinct entity. The childhood interstitial lung disease (ChILD) classification, devised in 2010 separates conditions into those occurring in infancy, and those not specific to infants, the later group containing many conditions related to systemic diseases (including connective tissue diseases and depositional/storage disorders), and conditions occurring in immunocompromised children. In this article, we briefly review normal lung growth and development. We discuss our preferred technique for imaging the lungs with computed tomography in children, and review the recent literature regarding the radiological appearance of various ChILD. We illustrate this with cases from our institution and emphasize the more recently recognised conditions including pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis and filamin A deficiency-related lung disease.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK. owens.catherine5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: Childhood interstitial lung disease; Diffuse lung disease; Filamin A deficiency-related lung disease; Paediatric CT; Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis