title: S-sulfhydration as a cellular redox regulation.
abstract: For many years reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) have been recognized as key messengers in the process of thiol-based redox regulation. Relatively recently, literature reports began to mention reactive sulfur species (RSS) and their role in thiol regulation. This review is focused on biogenesis and biological properties of RSS, including: hydropersulfides, polysulfides and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Based on the most up-to-date literature data, the paper presents biological significance of S-sulfhydration process. In this reaction, sulfane sulfur is transferred to the-SH groups forming hydropersulfides. Protein cysteine residues, called 'redox switches' are susceptible to such reversible modifications. In line with the most recent reports, it was emphasized that sulfane sulfur-containing compounds (mainly hydrogen persulfides and polysulfides) are real and better mediators of S-sulfhydration-based signalling than H2S. We also overviewed proteins participating in the formation and transport of RSS and in mitochondrial H2S oxidation. In addition, we reviewed many reports about proteins unrelated to sulfur metabolism which are modified by S-sulfhydration that influences their catalytic activity. We also addressed the problem of the regulatory function of S-sulfhydration reaction in the activation of KATP channels (vasorelaxant) and transcription factors (e.g. NFκB) as well as in the mechanism of therapeutic action of garlic-derived sulfur compounds. Some aspects of comparison between RNS and RSS are also discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Kraków, Poland miciek@cm-uj.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iciek
authors.affiliation: Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk-Pachel
authors.affiliation: Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilska-Wilkosz
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9, Medyczna Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kwiecień
authors.affiliation: Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Górny
authors.affiliation: Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Włodek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013440:Sulfides
keywords: S-sulfhydration; hydrogen sulfide; hydropersulfides; reactive sulfur species; sulfane sulfur; sulfurtransferases