title: 1H-13C independently tuned radiofrequency surface coil applied for in vivo hyperpolarized MRI.
abstract: To develop a lump-element double-tuned common-mode-differential-mode (CMDM) radiofrequency (RF) surface coil with independent frequency tuning capacity for MRS and MRI applications.
  
  
  
  The presented design has two modes that can operate with different current paths, allowing independent frequency adjustment. The coil prototype was tested on the bench and then examined in phantom and in vivo experiments.
  
  
  
  Standard deviations of frequency and impedance fluctuations measured in one resonator, while changing the tuning capacitor of another resonator, were less than 13 kHz and 0.55 Ω. The unloaded S21 was -36 dB and -41 dB, while the unloaded Q factor was 260 and 287, for13C and1H, respectively. In vivo hyperpolarized13C MR spectroscopy data demonstrated the feasibility of using the CMDM coil to measure the dynamics of lactate, alanine, pyruvate and bicarbonate signal in a normal rat head along with acquiring1H anatomical reference images.
  
  
  
  Independent frequency tuning capacity was demonstrated in the presented lump-element double-tuned CMDM coil. This CMDM coil maintained intrinsically decoupled magnetic fields, which provided sufficient isolation between the two resonators. The results from in vivo experiments demonstrated high sensitivity of both the1H and13C resonators. Magn Reson Med 76:1612-1620, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ilwoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Najac
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. peder.larson@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Peder E Z
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4183-3634
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: 13C; CMDM; RF coil; carbon-13; common-mode-differential-mode; double-tuned; hyperpolarization; tuning