title: Proton observed phosphorus editing (POPE) for in vivo detection of phospholipid metabolites.
abstract: The purpose of this article was to compare the sensitivity of proton observed phosphorus editing (POPE) with direct (31) P MRS with Ernst angle excitation for (1) H-(31) P coupled metabolites at 7 T. POPE sequences were developed for detecting phosphocholine (PC), phosphoethanolamine (PE), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) on the (1) H channel, thereby using the enhanced sensitivity of the (1) H nuclei over (31) P detection. Five healthy volunteers were examined with POPE and (31) P-MRS. POPE editing showed a more than doubled sensitivity in an ideal phantom experiment as compared with direct (31) P MRS with Ernst angle excitation. In vivo, despite increased relaxation losses, significant gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30-40% were shown for PE and GPE + PC levels in the human brain. The SNR of GPC was lower in the POPE measurement compared with the (31) P-MRS measurement. Furthermore, selective narrowband editing on the (31) P channel showed the ability to separate the overlapping GPE and PE signals in the (1) H spectrum. POPE can be used for enhanced detection of (1) H-(31) P coupled metabolites in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jannie P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Klomp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christine I H C
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Nabuurs
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irene M L
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: van Kalleveen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wybe J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van der Kemp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kruit
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hermien E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5772-7177
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent O
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6026-3134
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Boer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: POPE; brain; in vivo; phospholipids; proton observed phosphorus editing