title: Quality control of the blood pressure phenotype in the Gaoyou population study.
abstract: The Korotkoff approach is the only blood pressure (BP) measurement technique that allows contemporary data to be compared with decades of research. We randomly recruited 4483 people (53.3% women; mean age 52.1 years) from Gaoyou County, Jiangsu Province, China. Nine observers recorded the participants™ BP three times consecutively following Chinese Society of Hypertension guidelines. We assessed the BP phenotype based on five criteria: completeness of readings, percentage of identical BP readings, odd BP readings, end-digit preference and trends in BP from the first to the third reading. The proportion of participants with identical readings were 2.0% and 3.1% for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. Among 26,898 BP values, 0.3% ended in an odd number. Among observers, the prevalence of identical readings varied from 0% to 5.3% for SBP and from 0% to 6.8% for DBP. Compared with the expected frequency of 20%, those ending in 0 had a lower frequency (17.2%; p < 0.001), whereas those ending in 8 had a higher frequency (22.4%; p < 0.001). From the first to the third measurement, SBP and DBP decreased (p < 0.001) by 0.87 and 0.55 mmHg, respectively. In conclusion, the procedures set up in the Gaoyou study produced a high-quality BP phenotype.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yi-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ;|c Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences , University of Abuja , Abuja , Nigeria ;
authors.forename: Augustine N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Odili
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Wen-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: d The Health Bureau of Gaoyou , Gaoyou , PR China ;
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yan-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Dong-Jie
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Xiang-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: b Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ;|e R&D VitaK Group , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staessen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , PR China ;
authors.forename: Xin-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011786:Quality Control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Blood pressure measurement; digit preference; hypertension; population science; quality control