title: Gold nanoparticles alter parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism in organs of adult rats.
abstract: This study evaluated the parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism after the acute and long-term administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs, 10 and 30 nm in diameter) in different organs of rats. Adult male Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection or repeated injections (once daily for 28 days) of saline solution, GNPs-10 or GNPs-30. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals were killed, and the liver, kidney, and heart were isolated for biochemical analysis. We demonstrated that acute administration of GNPs-30 increased the TBARS levels, and that GNPs-10 increased the carbonyl protein levels. The long-term administration of GNPs-10 increased the TBARS levels, and the carbonyl protein levels were increased by GNPs-30. Acute administration of GNPs-10 and GNPs-30 increased SOD activity. Long-term administration of GNPs-30 increased SOD activity. Acute administration of GNPs-10 decreased the activity of CAT, whereas long-term administration of GNP-10 and GNP-30 altered CAT activity randomly. Our results also demonstrated that acute GNPs-30 administration decreased energy metabolism, especially in the liver and heart. Long-term GNPs-10 administration increased energy metabolism in the liver and decreased energy metabolism in the kidney and heart, whereas long-term GNPs-30 administration increased energy metabolism in the heart. The results of our study are consistent with other studies conducted in our research group and reinforce the fact that GNPs can lead to oxidative damage, which is responsible for DNA damage and alterations in energy metabolism.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Kozuchovski
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.|b Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, campus Sombrio, 88960-000, Sombrio, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: c Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francieli Silva
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vuolo
authors.affiliation: d Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, 88704-9000, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elton Torres
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.affiliation: e Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Silva
authors.affiliation: e Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lara Mezari
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: c Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
authors.affiliation: d Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, 88704-9000, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gislaine Tezza
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rezin
authors.affiliation: e Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emilio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: a Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Marques da Silva
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paula
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute; D066007:Toxicokinetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006046:Gold
keywords: Krebs cycle enzymes; chaîne respiratoire mitochondriale; enzymes du cycle de Krebs; gold nanoparticle; mitochondrial respiratory chain; nanoparticules d’or; oxidative stress; stress oxydant