title: Comparison of the effects of micro-osteoperforation and corticision on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of flapless micro-osteoperforation and corticision on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: micro-osteoperforation and orthodontic force (MOP + F), corticision and orthodontic force (C + F), and orthodontic force only (F, control). The left maxillary first molars were pulled forward with a force of 50 g. Flapless surgical interventions were conducted in the MOP + F and C + F groups. The total duration of the experiment was 6 weeks. Alveolar bone density and the number of osteoclasts were evaluated using microcomputed tomography and histologic examination, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tooth movement distance was significantly higher in both experimental groups than in the control group. Bone density and bone mineral density decreased in the MOP + F and C + F groups. The number of osteoclasts in the MOP + F and C + F groups was significantly higher than in the control group F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two minimally invasive flapless surgical interventions increased bone remodeling and osteoclast activity and induced faster orthodontic tooth movement for at least 2 weeks in rats. No differences were observed between the outcome of flapless micro-osteoperforation and corticision in the rats.
authors.affiliation: a   Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: b   Graduate student, Graduate Institute of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Teng-Kai
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: b   Graduate student, Graduate Institute of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, and Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: c   Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D008297:Male; D010010:Osteoclasts; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Corticision; Micro-osteoperforation; Orthodontic tooth movement