title: Internal Hernias in the Era of Multidetector CT: Correlation of Imaging and Surgical Findings.
abstract: Clinical diagnosis of internal hernias is challenging because of their nonspecific signs and symptoms. Many types of internal hernias have been defined: paraduodenal, small bowel mesentery-related, greater omentum-related, lesser sac, transverse mesocolon-related, pericecal, sigmoid mesocolon-related, falciform ligament, pelvic internal, and Roux-en-Y anastomosis-related. An internal hernia is a surgical emergency that can develop into intestinal strangulation and ischemia. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management. Multidetector computed tomography (CT), with its thin-section axial images, high-quality multiplanar reformations, and three-dimensional images, currently plays an essential role in preoperative diagnosis of internal hernias. The diagnostic approach to internal hernias at multidetector CT includes detecting an intestinal closed loop, identifying the hernia orifice, and analyzing abnormal displacement of surrounding structures and key vessels around the hernia orifice and hernia sac. At each step, multidetector CT can depict pathognomonic findings. A saclike appearance suggests an intestinal closed loop in several types of internal hernias. Convergence, engorgement, and twisting of mesenteric vessels in the hernia orifice can be seen clearly at multidetector CT, especially with use of multiplanar reformations. For definitive diagnosis of an internal hernia, analysis of displacement of anatomic landmarks around the hernia orifice is particularly important, and thin-section images provide the required information. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy, etiology, and imaging landmarks of the various hernia types is also necessary. Familiarity with the appearances of internal hernias at multidetector CT allows accurate and specific preoperative diagnosis. (©)RSNA, 2015.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doishita
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Yasutake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchima
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimono
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninoi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan (S.D., T.T., T.S., Y.M.); Department of Surgery, Fuchu Hospital, Izumi, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Surgery, Bell Land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan (M.K.); Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (A.Y.); Department of Radiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO) Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Perfect Liberty Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Radiology, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Narita, Japan (H.S.).
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D006547:Hernia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome