title: Increased circulating osteopontin levels in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and association with dysmetabolic profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteopontin (OPN) is a sialoprotein implicated in different immunity and metabolic pathways. Capable of activating dendritic cells and inducing Th1-Th17-mediated tissue damage, OPN plays a significant role in the development/progression of several autoimmune diseases; interestingly, it was also shown that OPN participates in the acute pancreatic islets response to experimentally induced diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Furthermore, OPN promotes adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Our aims of this study were to evaluate circulating OPN levels in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to non-diabetic control participants and to unravel clinical and biochemical correlates of OPN concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 54 consecutive T1DM patients referred to our diabetes outpatient clinic at Sapienza University of Rome and 52 healthy sex and age-comparable controls. The study population underwent clinical evaluation, blood sampling for biochemistry and complete screening for diabetes complications. Serum OPN levels were measured by MILLIPLEX Multiplex Assays Luminex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1DM patients had significantly higher serum OPN levels than controls (17.2±12.9 vs 10.5±11.6 mg/ml, P=0.009). OPN levels correlated with T1DM, higher blood pressure, BMI, creatinine, γ-GT, ALP and lower HDL; the association between high OPN levels and T1DM was independent from all confounders. No correlation was shown between OPN and HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin requirement, co-medications and diabetes duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates for the first time in a case-control study that adults with T1DM have increased serum OPN levels, and that higher OPN concentrations are associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barchetta
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alessandri
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertoccini
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cimini
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taverniti
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Franco
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraioli
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine UnitRheumatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesDepartment of OphthalmologyEndocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy gisella.cavallo@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cavallo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053495:Osteopontin