title: Shoulder Manipulation After Distention Arthrography: Does Audible Cracking Affect Improvement in Adhesive Capsulitis? A Preliminary Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether an audible cracking sound during shoulder manipulation following distention arthrography is clinically significant in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 patients (31 women, 17 men) with primary adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder completed the study. All participants underwent C-arm-guided arthrographic distention of the glenohumeral joint with injections of a corticosteroid and normal saline. After distention, we performed flexion and abduction manipulation of the shoulder. The patients were grouped into sound and non-sound groups based on the presence or absence, respectively, of an audible cracking sound during manipulation. We assessed shoulder pain and disability based on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and passive range of motion (ROM) measurements (flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation) before the procedure and again at 3 weeks and at 6 weeks after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were divided into two groups: 21 were included in the sound group and 27 in the non-sound group. In both groups, the results of the NRS, SPADI, and ROM assessments showed statistically significant improvements at both 3 and 6 weeks after the procedure. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups except with respect to external rotation at 6 weeks, at which time the sound group showed a significant improvement in external rotation when compared with the non-sound group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings showed that manipulation following distention arthrography was effective in decreasing pain and increasing shoulder range of motion. In addition, the presence of an audible cracking sound during manipulation, especially on external rotation, was associated with better shoulder range of motion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bum Jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Shik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
keywords: Adhesive capsulitis; Cracking sound; Distention arthrography; Manipulation; Shoulder range of motion