title: Responsive neurostimulation in epilepsy.
abstract: Various neurostimulation modalities have emerged in the field of epilepsy. Despite the fact that delivery of an electrical current to the hyperexcitable epileptic brain might, at first, seem contradictory, neurostimulation has become an established therapeutic option with a promising efficacy and adverse effects profile. In "responsive" neurostimulation the strategy is to interfere as early as possible with the accumulation of seizure activity to prematurely abort or even prevent an upcoming seizure. The design of technology required for responsive stimulation is more challenging compared with devices for open-loop neurostimulation. The achievement of therapeutic success is dependent on adequate sensing and stimulation algorithms and a fast coupling between both. The benefits of delivering current only at the time of an approaching seizure merit further investigation. Current experience with responsive neurostimulation in epilepsy is still limited, but seems promising.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology (LCEN3), Ghent University, Department of Neurology , Ghent University Hospital, Institute for Neuroscience , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrette
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology (LCEN3), Ghent University, Department of Neurology , Ghent University Hospital, Institute for Neuroscience , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology (LCEN3), Ghent University, Department of Neurology , Ghent University Hospital, Institute for Neuroscience , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprengers
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology (LCEN3), Ghent University, Department of Neurology , Ghent University Hospital, Institute for Neuroscience , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Robrecht
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raedt
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Neuropsychology (LCEN3), Ghent University, Department of Neurology , Ghent University Hospital, Institute for Neuroscience , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: closed-loop; deep brain stimulation (DBS); drug delivery system; epilepsy; neurostimulation; optogenetics; responsive; responsive neurostimulation system (RNS); vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)