title: Exploring Parental Bonding in BED and Non-BED Obesity Compared with Healthy Controls: Clinical, Personality and Psychopathology Correlates.
abstract: Early inadequate attachment experiences are relevant co-factors in the development of obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), which often concurs with obesity. The relationship of parental bonding with personality and psychopathology may influence treatment strategies for obese subjects, either affected or not with BED. In this study, 443 obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)), including 243 with and 200 without BED, and 158 female controls were assessed with regards to attachment, personality and eating psychopathology measures. Clusters obtained using the scores of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) were compared with each other and with a control subjects' group. Lower scores of parental bonding distinguished obese subjects with respect to healthy controls. The cluster analysis revealed two clusters of parenting among obese subjects. The larger one displayed intermediate care and overprotection between controls and the smaller cluster, with the exception of paternal overprotection which is similar to controls. This larger cluster was characterized by low persistence and levels of psychopathology which are intermediate between healthy controls and the smaller cluster. The smaller cluster displayed lower care and higher overcontrol from both parents. It also displays more extreme personality traits (high novelty seeking and harm avoidance, and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness) and more severe eating and general psychopathology. Different parenting dynamics relate to different personality patterns and eating psychopathology of obese subjects, but not to binge eating conducts. Personality differences between parenting clusters are more extensive than those between BED and non-BED subgroups. The two different typologies of obese subjects based on parenting may be relevant for treatment personalization.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amianto
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ercole
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbate Daga
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, Italy.
authors.forename: Secondo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fassino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009769:Object Attachment; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011599:Psychopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: attachment; binge eating disorder; obesity; personality; risk factors