title: Bimanual dexterity assessment: validation of a revised form of the turning subtest from the Minnesota Dexterity Test.
abstract: Bimanual coordination underlies many daily activities. It is tested by various versions of the old Minnesota Dexterity Test (dating back to 1931, 'turning' subtest). This, however, is ill standardized, may be time-consuming, and has poor normative data. A timed-revised form of the turning subtest (MTTrf) is presented. Age-related norms and test-retest reliability were computed. Sixty-four healthy individuals, 24-79 years, comprising 34 women, were required to pick up 60 small plastic disks from wells, rotate each disk, and transfer it to the other hand, which must replace it, as quickly as possible. Two trials were requested for each hand (ABBA sequence). The average time (seconds) across the 4 trials gave the test score. Participants were grouped (CART algorithm) into 3 statistically distinct (P<0.05) age×score strata, with cutoff 53+ and 73+ years, and tested at baseline and after 1 week. Test-retest reliability was measured both as consistency [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs) model 2.1] and as agreement (Bland-Altman plot). From the ICCs, the individual test-retest minimal real difference (in seconds) was computed. The whole MTTrf took less than 4 min to administer. Baseline scores ranged from 40 to 78 s. The ICCs ranged from 0.45 to 0.81 and the minimal real difference ranged from 6.68 to 13.40 s across the age groups. Fifty-nine out of 64 observations (92%) fell within the confidence limits of the Bland-Altman plot. The MTTrf is a reliable and practical test of bimanual coordination. It may be a useful addition to protocols of manual testing in occupational therapy.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health bDepartment of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan cPhD Program in Advanced Sciences And Technologies in Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome dSchool of Specialization, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Universitá degli Studi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tesio
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zebellin
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malfitano
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perucca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult