title: Proposal for staging of inflammatory lesions in the frontal region.
abstract: Frontal swelling can be due to multiple etiologies, including: mucocele, Pott's puffy tumor, fibro osseous lesions, benign and malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses, intracranial lesions, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical protocol used for the diagnosis of patients presented with frontal swelling and the proposal for staging of inflammatory lesions. We performed an observational retrospective analysis. We found 7 cases of patients with frontal swelling: 4 cases secondary to inflammatory pathology (3 Potts puffy tumors and one frontal mucocele), and 3 cases secondary to neoplasms (one benign and 2 malignant neoplasms). It's very important to consider the wide differential diagnosis that can present as frontal swelling, from inflammatory pathologies secondary to possible advanced infections of the paranasal sinuses to invasive malignant neoplasms. We propose a system of staging of frontal inflammatory lesions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Galo S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Soberón
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México. Electronic address: hmpradoc@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Héctor M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadek
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Plowes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Arrieta
authors.affiliation: División de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005358:Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005546:Forehead / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009078:Mucocele / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D059369:Pott Puffy Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Frontal sinus; Frontal sinusitis; Pott's puffy tumor; Seno frontal; Sinusitis frontal; Tumor de Pott-Puffy