title: Liquefaction of Lignocellulose in Fluid Catalytic Cracker Feed: A Process Concept Study.
abstract: We report a process concept for lignocellulose liquefaction in a refinery stream that will be coprocessed with the resulting biocrude and that, therefore, does not require the recovery and recycling of the liquefaction solvent. Light cycle oil and vacuum gas oil were found to be the two most promising solvents. Both refinery streams could provide a liquid yield of 58 C % (64 % energy yield). A techno-economic assessment indicates that the biocrude could be produced at an energy-equivalent crude oil price of 51-64 $ per barrel at a wood cost of 85 $ per dry ton.
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Shushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands. jean-paul.lange@shell.com.|Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jean-paul.lange@shell.com.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.|Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Guus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Rossum
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sascha R A
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kersten
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D010578:Petroleum; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012997:Solvents; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: biomass; cracking; liquefaction; refineries; solvent effects