title: Chronic Pain, Chronic Opioid Addiction: a Complex Nexus.
abstract: Over the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in the prescribing of opioids, with associated increases in opioid addiction and overdose deaths. This article reviews the evidence for the effectiveness and risk of developing an opioid use disorder (OUD) in those patients treated with chronic opioid therapy (COT) for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Rates of development of OUD range from 0-50 %, and aberrant drug related behaviors (ADRBs) are reported to be 20 %. Health care providers must properly assess, screen, and carefully monitor patients on COT utilizing evidence-based tools.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA. esalsitz@chpnet.org.
authors.forename: Edwin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Salsitz
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Addiction; Alcohol dependence; Chronic pain; Drug dependence; Toxicology