title: Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers.
abstract: Particles capable of homing and adhering to specific vascular biomarkers have potential as fundamental tools in drug delivery for mediation of a wide variety of pathologies, including inflammation, thrombosis, and pulmonary disorders. The presentation of affinity ligands on the surface of a particle provides a means of targeting the particle to sites of therapeutic interest, but a host of other factors come into play in determining the targeting capacity of the particle. This review presents a summary of several key considerations in nano- and microparticle design that modulate targeted delivery without directly altering epitope-specific affinity. Namely, we describe the effect of factors in definition of the base carrier (including shape, size, and flexibility) on the capacity of carriers to access, adhere to, and integrate in target biological milieus. Furthermore, we present a summary of fundamental dynamics of carrier behavior in circulation, taking into account interactions with cells in circulation and the role of hemodynamics in mediating the direction of carriers to target sites. Finally, we note non-affinity aspects to uptake and intracellular trafficking of carriers in target cells. In total, recent findings presented here may offer an opportunity to capitalize on mitigating factors in the behavior of ligand-targeted carriers in order to optimize targeting.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvani, United States.
authors.forename: Jacob W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Myerson
authors.affiliation: University of California, Santa Barbara, United States.
authors.forename: Aaron C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Anselmo
authors.affiliation: Lehigh University, United States.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvani, United States.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitragotri
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvani, United States.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eckmann
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvani, United States. Electronic address: muzykant@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Vladimir R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Muzykantov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Hemodynamics; Leukocytes; Nanomedicine; Pharmacokinetics; Platelets; Red blood cells; Targeted delivery; Vascular biology