title: Changes in physico-chemical and volatile aroma compound composition of Gewürztraminer wine as a result of late and ice harvest.
abstract: To investigate the changes in physico-chemical and aroma composition after late and ice harvest, Gewürztraminer wines were subjected to standard, enzymatic and GC/MS analysis. Late harvest (LHGW) and ice wines (IHGW) contained more sugars, extract and volatile acidity than standard wines (SGW). IHGW had elevated glycerol and gluconic acid amounts. LHGW was richer in monoterpenol oxides, β-damascenone, 1-octen-3-ol, acetates, ethyl cinnamate and 4-vinylguaiacol than SGW. IHGW contained even higher amounts, with increased citronellol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, dicarboxylic acids esters, benzenoids, furans and acetals, and reduced fermentation aroma compounds. Based on odour activity values, the strongest odorants in SGW were fruity esters. In LHGW the impact of esters increased, while in IHGW cis-rose oxide, β-damascenone and 1,1-diethoxyethane emerged as the most potent. Fruity and sweet were the dominant aroma compound series in SGW and LHGW, but in IHGW declined, while terpenic, floral, chemical, pungent and ripe fruit aroma compound series increased.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia. Electronic address: igor@iptpo.hr.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lukić
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia. Electronic address: sanja@iptpo.hr.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radeka
authors.affiliation: OPG Grozaj, Donja Pačetina 184, 49223 Sveti Križ Začretje, Croatia. Electronic address: vina.grozaj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grozaj
authors.affiliation: Polytechnic of Rijeka, Department of Agriculture, Karla Huguesa 6, 52440 Poreč, Croatia. Electronic address: mario.staver@veleri.hr.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staver
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia. Electronic address: djordano@iptpo.hr.
authors.forename: Đordano
authors.initials: Đ
authors.lastname: Peršurić
mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis*; D045792:Norisoprenoids; D000442:Octanols; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012903:Smell; D013649:Taste; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D045792:Norisoprenoids; D000442:Octanols; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D006139:Guaiacol; C014245:4-vinylguaiacol; C075388:beta-damascenone; C038844:1-octen-3-ol
keywords: Aroma series; Gewürztraminer wine; Ice harvest; Late harvest; Volatile aroma compounds