title: Evaluation of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations With Four-Dimensional Arterial-Spin Labeling-Based 3-T Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess the usefulness of 3-T 4-dimensional (4D) arterial spin-labeling (ASL)-based magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with color-coded time-of-arrival (TOA) maps for the evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included 6 patients with cerebral AVMs. They underwent 4D-ASL MRA at 3T and digital subtraction angiography. A pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling protocol with look-locker sampling was used for spin labeling. Two independent readers reviewed the 4D-ASL MRA images with color-coded TOA maps for the nidus size, arterial feeders, and venous drainage. Two other readers consensually reviewed the digital subtraction angiography images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cerebral AVMs were demonstrated on all 4D-ASL MRA images. In 5 high-flow AVMs, the color-coded TOA maps were especially useful for identifying the feeder/drainer. Intermodality agreement was excellent for the nidus size (κ = 1.0), very good for arterial feeders (κ = 0.88), and good for venous drainage (κ = 0.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 4D-ASL 3-T MRA with color-coded TOA maps is useful for assessing the gross angiographic characteristics of intracranial AVMs.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto; †Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki; ‡Philips Electronics Japan, Tokyo; §Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University; and ∥Department of Neurosurgery, Aso Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iryo
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000473:pathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013113:Spin Labels; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels