title: Gamma-glutamyl transferase and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and outcome of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 5501 patients with CAD treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and GGT measurements available. The primary outcome was 3-year mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GGT activity tertiles were: 1st tertile (GGT<28.10U/L; n=1866), 2nd tertile (GGT≥28.10U/L to49.50U/L; n=1804) and 3rd tertile (GG>49.50U/L; n=1831). There were 110 deaths in the 1st, 111 deaths in the 2nd and 216 deaths in the 3rd GGT tertile (mortality estimates, 7.1%, 7.2% and 13.9%; P<0.001). GGT was independently associated with the increased risk of 3-year all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18 to 1.44, P<0.001), cardiac (HR=1.21 [1.06-1.39], P=0.005) and non-cardiac (HR=1.42 [1.23-1.63], P<0.001) mortality (all risk estimates calculated per standard deviation increase in the log GGT activity). GGT improved prediction of all-cause (P<0.001) and non-cardiac mortality (P<0.001) but not cardiac mortality (P=0.155).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CAD, elevated GGT activity is associated with increased risk of 3-year all-cause, cardiac and non-cardiac mortality. GGT provided incremental prognostic information on top of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors for prediction of all-cause and non-cardiac mortality but not cardiac mortality.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: ndrepepa@dhm.mhn.de.
authors.forename: Gjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndrepepa
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Siegmund
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.affiliation: 1. Medizinische Klinik rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Ludwig
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Laugwitz
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Gamma-glutamyl transferase; Mortality