title: Epidemic myalgia and myositis associated with human parechovirus type 3 infections occur not only in adults but also in children: findings in Yamagata, Japan, 2014.
abstract: We previously reported an association between human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) and epidemic myalgia with myositis in adults during summers in which an HPeV3 outbreak occurred in children. However, this disease association has not yet been reported elsewhere. We have since continued our surveillance to accumulate data on this disease association and to confirm whether myalgia occurs in children as well as adults. Between June and August 2014, we collected 380 specimens from children with infectious diseases. We also collected clinical specimens from two adult and three paediatric patients suspected of myalgia. We then performed virus isolation and reverse-transcription-PCR using the collected specimens. We detected HPeV3 in 26 children with infectious diseases, which we regarded as indicating an outbreak. We also confirmed HPeV3 infection in all patients suspected of myalgia. In particular the symptoms in two boys, complaining of myalgia and fever, closely matched the criteria for adult myalgia. Based on our findings from 2008, 2011 and 2014, we again urge that clinical consideration be given to the relationship between myalgia and HPeV3 infections during HPeV3 outbreaks in children. Furthermore, our observations from 2014 suggest that epidemic myalgia and myositis occur not only in adults but also in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology,Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology,the Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology,the Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics,the Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chikaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics,Yamagata City Hospital,Saiseikan,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Yamanobe Paediatric Clinic,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itagaki
authors.affiliation: Katsushima Paediatric Clinic,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katsushima
authors.affiliation: Katsushima Paediatric Clinic,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics,Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology,Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology,Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology,Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology,Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health,Yamagata,Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yahagi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009220:Myositis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D011000:Pleurodynia, Epidemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
keywords: Adult; HPeV3; child; myalgia; myositis