title: Evolutionarily Dynamic, but Robust, Targeting of Resistance Genes by the miR482/2118 Gene Family in the Solanaceae.
abstract: Plants are exposed to pathogens around the clock. A common resistance response in plants upon pathogen detection is localized cell death. Given the irreversible nature of this response, multiple layers of negative regulation are present to prevent the untimely or misexpression of resistance genes. One layer of negative regulation is provided by a recently discovered microRNA (miRNA) gene family, miR482/2118. This family targets the transcripts of resistance genes in plants. We investigated the evolutionary history and specificity of this miRNA gene family within the Solanaceae. This plant family includes many important crop species, providing a set of well-defined resistance gene repertoires. Across 14 species from the Solanaceae, we identified eight distinct miR482/2118 gene family members. Our studies show conservation of miRNA type and number in the group of wild tomatoes and, to a lesser extent, throughout the Solanaceae. The eight orthologous miRNA gene clusters evolved under different evolutionary constraints, allowing for individual subfunctionalization of the miRNAs. Despite differences in the predicted targeting behavior of each miRNA, the miRNA-R-gene network is robust due to its high degree of interconnectivity and redundant targeting. Our data suggest that the miR482/2118 gene family acts as an evolutionary buffer for R-gene sequence diversity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany iGRAD-Plant Graduate School, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kloesges
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany iGRAD-Plant Graduate School, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany Ceplas, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany laura.rose@hhu.de.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D018749:RNA, Plant
keywords: R-genes; disease resistance; gene family evolution; miR482/2118; microRNA; wild tomatoes