title: Periapical lesions decrease Akt serine phosphorylation and plasma membrane GLUT4 content in rat skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periapical lesion (PL) promotes insulin resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying this alteration are not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the Akt serine phosphorylation status and GLUT4 expression levels in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) of rats with PL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (n = 42) were distributed equally into control (CN) and PL groups. The pulpal tissue of the PL group rats was exposed to the oral environment for 30 days. Thereafter, glucose and insulin levels were assessed, followed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The Akt serine phosphorylation and GLUT4 levels of microsomal (M) and plasma membrane (PM) fractions were evaluated by western blotting and analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to CN group rats, PL group rats had lower insulin sensitivity (as observed by HOMA-IR), lower Akt serine phosphorylation status after insulin stimulus, and lower GLUT4 levels in the PM fraction. However, the M fraction in the PL group did not differ significantly from that of the CN group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PL decreases insulin sensitivity, Akt phosphorylation, and PM GLUT4 content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that preventing endodontic disease can thwart insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Marechal Rondom, km 527/528, Araçatuba, SP, 16018-805, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Felipe
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Marechal Rondom, km 527/528, Araçatuba, SP, 16018-805, Brazil.
authors.forename: Max Sander
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira da Mota
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Marechal Rondom, km 527/528, Araçatuba, SP, 16018-805, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Sara
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Lima Coutinho Mattera
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Marechal Rondom, km 527/528, Araçatuba, SP, 16018-805, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís Verônica Saori
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Tsosura
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Social Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Yamamoto
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Social Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cléa Adas Saliba
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Garbin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Marechal Rondom, km 527/528, Araçatuba, SP, 16018-805, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ervolino
authors.affiliation: Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Tavares Angelo
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP: 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maristela Mitiko
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP: 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ubiratan Fabres
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Marechal Rondom, km 527/528, Araçatuba, SP, 16018-805, Brazil. dorishs@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Doris Hissako
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sumida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000293:injuries*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Glucose transporter type 4; Insulin resistance; Periapical lesions