title: Stretching Impacts Inflammation Resolution in Connective Tissue.
abstract: Acute inflammation is accompanied from its outset by the release of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including resolvins, that orchestrate the resolution of local inflammation. We showed earlier that, in rats with subcutaneous inflammation of the back induced by carrageenan, stretching for 10 min twice daily reduced inflammation and improved pain, 2 weeks after carrageenan injection. In this study, we hypothesized that stretching of connective tissue activates local pro-resolving mechanisms within the tissue in the acute phase of inflammation. In rats injected with carrageenan and randomized to stretch versus no stretch for 48 h, stretching reduced inflammatory lesion thickness and neutrophil count, and increased resolvin (RvD1) concentrations within lesions. Furthermore, subcutaneous resolvin injection mimicked the effect of stretching. In ex vivo experiments, stretching of connective tissue reduced the migration of neutrophils and increased tissue RvD1 concentration. These results demonstrate a direct mechanical impact of stretching on inflammation-regulation mechanisms within connective tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berrueta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Igla
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muskaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olenich
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Romain A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Colas
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spite
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Serhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Vermont.
authors.forename: Helene M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Langevin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D059408:Pain Management; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C518399:resolvin D1; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002351:Carrageenan