title: Akathisia: prevalence and risk factors in a community-dwelling sample of patients with schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ dataset.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of akathisia in a community-dwelling sample of patients with schizophrenia, and to determine the effects of treatments and the clinical variables associated with akathisia. 372 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were systematically included in the network of FondaMental Expert Center for Schizophrenia and assessed with validated scales. Akathisia was measured with the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS). Ongoing psychotropic treatment was recorded. The global prevalence of akathisia (as defined by a score of 2 or more on the global akathisia subscale of the BAS) in our sample was 18.5%. Patients who received antipsychotic polytherapy were at higher risk of akathisia and this result remained significant (adjusted odd ratio=2.04, p=.025) after controlling the influence of age, gender, level of education, level of psychotic symptoms, substance use comorbidities, current administration of antidepressant, anticholinergic drugs, benzodiazepines, and daily-administered antipsychotic dose. The combination of second-generation antipsychotics was associated with a 3-fold risk of akathisia compared to second-generation antipsychotics used in monotherapy. Our results indicate that antipsychotic polytherapy should be at best avoided and suggest that monotherapy should be recommended in cases of akathisia. Long-term administration of benzodiazepines or anticholinergic drugs does not seem to be advisable in cases of akathisia, given the potential side effects of these medications.
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: fabrice.berna@chru-strasbourg.fr.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berna
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux; CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Misdrahi
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Pôle psychiatrie universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, F-13274, Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux; Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aouizerate
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brunel
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capdevielle
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chereau
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Danion
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier Pole Est BP 300 39 - 95 bd Pinel - 69678 BRON Cedex, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dorey
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubertret
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubreucq
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faget
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gabayet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lancon
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier Pole Est BP 300 39 - 95 bd Pinel - 69678 BRON Cedex, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passerieux
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schandrin
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schurhoff
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tronche
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service de psychiatrie d'adulte, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vidailhet
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.affiliation: Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Akathisia; Anticholinergic drug; Antidepressant; Antipsychotic; Benzodiazepine; Schizophrenia