title: Increased monocyte/neutrophil and pro-coagulant microparticle levels and overexpression of aortic endothelial caveolin-1β in dyslipidemic sand rat, Psammomys obesus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of a high-energy diet (HED) with those of a low-energy diet (LED) on biochemical parameters, microparticle (MP) subpopulations and endothelial caveolin-1 (cav-1) protein expression in Psammomys obesus (P. obesus).
  
  
  METHODS
  After 12weeks of feeding with either the HED or LED, fasting plasma glucose and lipid parameters were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric kit while serum insulin concentration was determined with radioimmunoassay kits. MP subpopulations and cav-1 protein expression were quantified using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that the HED caused a marked increase in lipid parameters, even in normoglycemic P. obesus. The total number of circulating MPs and the numbers of platelet-, leukocyte-, and erythrocyte-derived MPs were unaltered in the HED group. However, the HED induced increases in the numbers of monocytes/neutrophils and procoagulant MPs and a decrease in the endothelial MP levels. Cav-1β protein expression and reactive oxygen species production were increased in the vascular endothelium of HED-treated P. obesus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these findings, it is indicated that the HED exerts deleterious effects on the vascular system by increasing the monocyte/neutrophil and procoagulant MP levels, which may lead to cav-1β protein overexpression in dyslipidemic P. obesus.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: ousmaal_med@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Mohamed El Fadel
authors.initials: Mel F
authors.lastname: Ousmaal
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1063- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, France. Electronic address: carmen.martinez@univ-angers.fr.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1063- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, France. Electronic address: ramaroson.andriantsitohaina@univ-angers.fr.
authors.forename: Ramaroson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andriantsitohaina
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: kahinachabane@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Kahina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chabane
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1063- Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, France. Electronic address: fond.bleu@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Abderahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaceb
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anatomopathology, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: saadiamameri@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Saâdia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mameri
authors.affiliation: UMR Qualisud- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: jean.giaimis@univ-montp1.fr.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giaimis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: baznacim@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahsene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baz
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000818:Animals; D021941:Caveolae / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002149:Energy Intake; D005849:Gerbillinae; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011897:Random Allocation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: CD11b; Caveolin-1; Dyslipidemia; Microparticle; Phosphatidylserine; Psammomys obesus