title: [Protective Effects of Cornus Officinalis Total Glycosides and Cornus Polysaccharides on Myocardial Mitochondria of Acute Myocardial Infarction Rats: an Experimental Study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of Cornus Officinalis total glycosides (COTG) and Cornus polysaccharides (CP) on myocardial mitochondria and expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The AMI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. Rats were divided into 5 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group, 12 in each group. Normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Corresponding medication was respectively administered to rats in the rest 3 groups by gastrogavage. The cardiac function was detected by echocardiography and hemodynamics. The infarct size was determined by Masson trichrome staining. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as a subunit of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), PGC-1β, nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and GSK-3P mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the sham-operation group, the myocardial infarction size increased, cardiac function decreased, the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and NRF-1 mRNA decreased, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA increased (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, myocardial infarction sizes were reduced, cardiac function was improved, the expression of NRF-1 mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group; the expression of the PGC-1α and PGC-1β mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group and the CP treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA was reduced in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the CP prevention group, fractional shortening (FS) and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in the CP treatment group; ejection fraction (EF) decreased in the CP treatment group; the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NRF-1 mRNA were reduced in the the CP treatment group and the COTG treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA decreased in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the COTG treatment group, FS, EF, left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), SBP, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA were reduced in the CP treatment group (P <0. 05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COTG and CP could improve cardiac function, reduce the myocardial infarction area, and promote biogenesis of myocardial mitochondria. Their protective effects on the mitochondria of cadiocytes might be achieved by GSK-3β signalina pathway.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-ting
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Ke-fang
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiang-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Hua-chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029768:Cornus; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006027:Glycosides; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D011134:Polysaccharides; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D006027:Glycosides; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D011134:Polysaccharides; D020011:Protective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3