title: Reduced Cardiovascular Capacity and Resting Metabolic Rate in Men with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Investigation.
abstract: Objectives. To investigate if androgen deprivation therapy exposure is associated with additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic treatment-related toxicities. Methods. One hundred and seven men (42-89 years) with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy completed a maximal graded objective exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake, assessments for resting metabolic rate, body composition, blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and blood biomarker analysis. A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken to investigate the potential impact of therapy exposure with participants stratified into two groups according to duration of androgen deprivation therapy (<3 months and ≥3 months). Results. Maximal oxygen uptake (26.1 ± 6.0 mL/kg/min versus 23.2 ± 5.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.020) and resting metabolic rate (1795 ± 256 kcal/d versus 1647 ± 236 kcal/d, p = 0.005) were significantly higher in those with shorter exposure to androgen deprivation. There were no differences between groups for peripheral and central blood pressure, arterial stiffness, or metabolic profile. Conclusion. Three months or longer exposure to androgen deprivation therapy was associated with reduced cardiorespiratory capacity and resting metabolic rate, but not in a range of blood biomarkers. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to androgen deprivation therapy is associated with negative alterations in cardiovascular outcomes. Trial registry is: ACTRN12609000200280.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia ; Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.affiliation: Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fatehee
authors.affiliation: Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Taaffe
authors.affiliation: Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spry
authors.affiliation: Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia ; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Newton