title: Periodontal CD14 mRNA expression is downregulated in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased severity of periodontitis. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, its co-receptors CD14 and MD-2, and adaptor MyD88 play pivotal roles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered tissue inflammation and periodontitis. This study investigated the effects of T2DM and periodontitis on TLR4, CD14, MD-2 and MyD88 mRNA expression in surgically removed periodontal tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from 14 patients without periodontitis and T2DM (Group 1), 15 patients with periodontitis alone (Group 2), and 7 patients with both periodontitis and T2DM (Group 3). The mRNA of TLR4, CD14, MD-2 and MyD88 was quantified using real-time PCR and compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis showed that periodontal expression of CD14 mRNA was significantly reduced across Groups 1, 2 and 3 (p = 0.02) whereas the mRNA expression of TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88 was not significantly different among the groups. Furthermore, when patients in Groups 1 and 2 were combined (n = 22), the CD14 mRNA expression was significantly lower than that in patients of Group 1 (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD14 mRNA expression was downregulated across patients with neither periodontitis nor T2DM, patients with periodontitis alone and patients with both diseases, suggesting that CD14 mRNA expression is associated with a favorable host response or subjected to a negative feedback regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. dustin.hedgpeth@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dustin C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hedgpeth
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. 2226710963@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. jinj100@yahoo.com.|Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. jinj100@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Junfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. leiter@musc.edu.|Center for Oral Health Research, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. leiter@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Renata S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. krayer@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Joe W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Krayer
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. huangyan@musc.edu.|Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA. huangyan@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000378:metabolism; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495377:LY96 protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4