title: Cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants: etiology and monitoring technologies.
abstract: Every year, an estimated 15 million infants are born prematurely (<37 weeks gestation) with premature birth rates ranging from 5 to 18% across 184 countries. Although there are a multitude of reasons for this high rate of preterm birth, once birth occurs, a major challenge of infant care includes the stabilization of respiration and oxygenation. Clinical care of this vulnerable infant population continues to improve, yet there are major areas that have yet to be resolved including the identification of optimal respiratory support modalities and oxygen saturation targets, and reduction of associated short- and long-term morbidities. As intermittent hypoxemia is a consequence of immature respiratory control and resultant apnea superimposed upon an immature lung, improvements in clinical care must include a thorough knowledge of premature lung development and pathophysiology that is unique to premature birth. In Part 1 of a two-part review, we summarize early lung development and diagnostic methods for cardiorespiratory monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Poets
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gauda
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: MacFarlane
mesh_terms: D001049:Apnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008168:Lung / Q000254:growth & development*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests