title: Evaluation of the Surface Roughness and Microleakage of Dental Composites Exposed to Different Beverages.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different solutions cola soft drink (CSD) and coffee on roughness and microleakage of composite resin restorations.
  
  
  
  Sixty bovine incisors were prepared and restored using Filtek Z350 XT (3M/ESPE) nanoparticulate resin. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 20): A (control)-Immersion in artificial saliva (14 days); B: Immersion in coffee (14 days), for 15 minutes (3x/day) and C: Immersion in CSD for 14 days (3x/day). Then the samples were analyzed for microleakage (dye penetration) and surface roughness (atomic force microscope). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the surface roughness and microleakage. The Tukey's test was set at 0.05.
  
  
  
  Group A (roughness-GAR) presented significantly the lowest average surface roughness. Group C (microleakage-GCM) showed significantly the highest average microleakage.
  
  
  
  It was concluded that CSD and coffee change the surface roughness and increase the microleakage of restorations.
  
  
  
  Nowadays there is a high consumption of artificially sweetened soft drinks, sports drinks, high-energy beverages and coffee products by people that cause problems in composite resin restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Alagoas Federal University, Alagoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Aurélio Bonfim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University of Taubate, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +551236292130, e-mail: rafapvitti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael Pino
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vitti
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário Alexandre Coelho
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sinhoreti
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Leonardo Xediek
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Consani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Alagoas Federal Institute, Alagoas Brazil.
authors.forename: José Ginaldo da Silva
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Alagoas Federal University Alagoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josealdo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tonholo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins; D003763:Dental Leakage; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties; D013549:Sweetening Agents
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Artificial saliva; Beverages; Dental restoration; Microleakage; Surface roughness