title: Flumazenil decreases surface expression of α4β2δ GABAA receptors by increasing the rate of receptor internalization.
abstract: Increases in expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs), triggered by fluctuations in the neurosteroid THP (3α-OH-5α[β]-pregnan-20-one), are associated with changes in mood and cognition. We tested whether α4βδ trafficking and surface expression would be altered by in vitro exposure to flumazenil, a benzodiazepine ligand which reduces α4βδ expression in vivo. We first determined that flumazenil (100 nM-100 μM, IC50=∼1 μM) acted as a negative modulator, reducing GABA (10 μM)-gated current in the presence of 100 nM THP (to increase receptor efficacy), assessed with whole cell patch clamp recordings of recombinant α4β2δ expressed in HEK-293 cells. Surface expression of recombinant α4β2δ receptors was detected using a 3XFLAG reporter at the C-terminus of α4 (α4F) using confocal immunocytochemical techniques following 48 h exposure of cells to GABA (10 μM)+THP (100 nM). Flumazenil (10 μM) decreased surface expression of α4F by ∼60%, while increasing its intracellular accumulation, after 48 h. Reduced surface expression of α4β2δ after flumazenil treatment was confirmed by decreases in the current responses to 100 nM of the GABA agonist gaboxadol. Flumazenil-induced decreases in surface expression of α4β2δ were prevented by the dynamin blocker, dynasore, and by leupeptin, which blocks lysosomal enzymes, suggesting that flumazenil is acting to increase endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of the receptor. Flumazenil increased the rate of receptor removal from the cell surface by 2-fold, assessed using botulinum toxin B to block insertion of new receptors. These findings may suggest new therapeutic strategies for regulation of α4β2δ expression using flumazenil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Aarti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuver
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. Electronic address: Sheryl.smith@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Sheryl S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000633:toxicity; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D034281:Dynamins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D018755:GABA Agonists; D006835:Hydrazones; D007555:Isoxazoles; D007976:Leupeptins; C511794:N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D005442:Flumazenil; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D034281:Dynamins; C032854:leupeptin; C015542:gaboxadol
keywords: Alpha-4; Delta; Flumazenil; GABA-A receptor; Pregnanolone; Receptor trafficking