title: Unsaturated lipid matrices protect plant sterols from degradation during heating treatment.
abstract: The interest in plant sterols enriched foods has recently enhanced due to their healthy properties. The influence of the unsaturation degree of different fatty acids methyl esters (FAME: stearate, oleate, linoletate and linolenate) on a mixture of three plant sterols (PS: campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) was evaluated at 180 °C for up to 180 min. Sterols degraded slower in the presence of unsaturated FAME. Both PS and FAME degradation fit a first order kinetic model (R(2)>0.9). Maximum oxysterols concentrations were achieved at 20 min in neat PS and 120 min in lipid mixtures and this maximum amount decreased with increasing their unsaturation degree. In conclusion, the presence of FAME delayed PS degradation and postponed oxysterols formation. This protective effect was further promoted by increasing the unsaturation degree of FAME. This evidence could help industries to optimize the formulation of sterol-enriched products, so that they could maintain their healthy properties during cooking or processing.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, IDISNA - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: bbarriuso@alumni.unav.es.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barriuso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, IDISNA - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: iastiasa@unav.es.
authors.forename: Iciar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Astiasarán
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, IDISNA - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: dansorena@unav.es.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ansorena
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000737:chemistry; D013228:Stearates / Q000737:chemistry; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000737:chemistry; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010840:Phytosterols; D020011:Protective Agents; D012855:Sitosterols; D013228:Stearates; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D013265:Stigmasterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid
keywords: Campesterol (PubChem CID: 173183); Methyl linoleate (PubChem CID: 5284421); Methyl linolenate (PubChem CID: 5319706); Methyl oleate (PubChem CID: 5364509); Methyl stearate (PubChem CID: 8201); Oxidation; Oxysterols; POPs; Phytosterol (PubChem CID: 12303662); Phytosterols; Sitosterol; Sterol oxidation products; Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794); β-Sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)