title: Ibuprofen intake increases exercise time to exhaustion: A possible role for preventing exercise-induced fatigue.
abstract: Although the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) intake by athletes prevents soreness, little is known concerning their role in exercise performance. This study assessed the effects of ibuprofen intake on an exhaustive protocol test after 6 weeks of swimming training in rats. Animals were divided into sedentary and training groups. After training, animals were subdivided into two subsets: saline or ibuprofen. Afterwards, three repeated swimming bouts were performed by the groups. Ibuprofen (15 mg/kg) was administered once a day. Pain measurements were performed and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assayed in cerebral cortex and gastrocnemius muscle. Training, ibuprofen administration, or both combined (P < 0.05; 211 ± 18s, 200 ± 31s, and 279 ± 23s) increased exercise time to exhaustion. Training decreased the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (P < 0.05; 149 ± 11) in cerebral cortex. Ibuprofen intake decreased the AChE activity after exhaustive protocol test in trained and sedentary rats (P < 0.05; 270 ± 60; 171 ± 38; and 273 ± 29). It also prevented neuronal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL 1β) increase. Fatigue elicited by this exhaustive protocol may involve disturbances of the central nervous system. Additive anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and ibuprofen intake support the hypothesis that this combination may constitute a more effective approach. In addition, ergogenic aids may be a useful means to prevent exercise-induced fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Methods and Sports Techniques, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil. profred@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Methods and Sports Techniques, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Stamm
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Della Pace
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rambo
authors.affiliation: Institut of Physical Activity and Health, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bresciani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.affiliation: College of Education and Culture of Vilhena, Vilhena, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Itapiranga College, Itapiranga, Brazil.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ineu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bobinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fighera
authors.affiliation: Department of Methods and Sports Techniques, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: L F F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Royes
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D005221:Fatigue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: AChE activity; Exercise training; NSAIDs intake; exhaustive exercise; inflammation