title: Use of near infrared fluorescence during robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for T1a tumours. The open approach is still the standard method. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery offers advantages that are applicable to partial nephrectomy, such as the use of the Firefly® system with near-infrared fluorescence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the implementation of fluorescence in nephron-sparing surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case concerned a 37-year-old female smoker, with obesity. The patient had a right kidney tumour measuring 31 mm, which was found using tomography. She therefore underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, with a warm ischaemia time of 22 minutes and the use of fluorescence with the Firefly® system to guide the resection. There were no complications. The tumour was a pT1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma, with negative margins. Robot-assisted renal laparoscopic surgery is employed for nephron-sparing surgery, with good oncological and functional results. The combination of the Firefly® technology and intraoperative ultrasound can more accurately delimit the extent of the lesion, increase the negative margins and decrease the ischaemia time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Near-infrared fluorescence in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy is useful for guiding the tumour resection and can potentially improve the oncological and functional results.
authors.affiliation: División de Urología, Hospital General «Dr. Manuel Gea González», S.S.A., México, D.F., México. Electronic address: cornejomd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cornejo-Dávila
authors.affiliation: The Urology and Prostate Institute, San Antonio, Texas, Estados Unidos de, América.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazmy
authors.affiliation: The Urology Place , San Antonio, Texas, Estados Unidos de, América.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kella
authors.affiliation: División de Urología, Hospital General «Dr. Manuel Gea González», S.S.A., México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Palmeros-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: División de Urología, Hospital General «Dr. Manuel Gea González», S.S.A., México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morales-Montor
authors.affiliation: División de Urología, Hospital General «Dr. Manuel Gea González», S.S.A., México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Gahbler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures
keywords: Cáncer renal; Fluorescencia, infrarrojo; Intraoperative ultrasound; Near-infrared fluorescence imaging; Nefrectomía parcial robótica; Renal cancer; Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy; Ultrasonido intraoperatorio