title: Regional differences of outpatient physician supply as a theoretical economic and empirical generalized linear model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regional differences in physician supply can be found in many health care systems, regardless of their organizational and financial structure. A theoretical model is developed for the physicians' decision on office allocation, covering demand-side factors and a consumption time function.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the propositions following the theoretical model, generalized linear models were estimated to explain differences in 412 German districts. Various factors found in the literature were included to control for physicians' regional preferences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence in favor of the first three propositions of the theoretical model could be found. Specialists show a stronger association to higher populated districts than GPs. Although indicators for regional preferences are significantly correlated with physician density, their coefficients are not as high as population density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If regional disparities should be addressed by political actions, the focus should be to counteract those parameters representing physicians' preferences in over- and undersupplied regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany. stefan.scholz@uni-bielefeld.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Institut für Versicherungsbetriebslehre, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Otto-Brenner-Straße 1, 30159, Hannover, Germany. jms@ivbl.uni-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Johann-Matthias
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Graf von der Schulenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany. wolfgang.greiner@uni-bielefeld.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greiner
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D058006:General Practice; D005858:Germany; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016014:Linear Models; D010045:Outpatients; D010820:Physicians / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D011156:Population Density; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000191:economics; D013038:Specialization