title: Parental Effect of Long Acclimatization on Thermal Tolerance of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.
abstract: To evaluate the thermal resistance of marine invertebrates to elevated temperatures under scenarios of future climate change, it is crucial to understand parental effect of long acclimatization on thermal tolerance of offspring. To test whether there is parental effect of long acclimatization, adult sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) from the same broodstock were transplanted southward and acclimatized at high temperature in field mesocosms. Four groups of juvenile sea cucumbers whose parents experienced different durations of high temperature acclimatization were established. Upper thermal limits, oxygen consumption and levels of heat shock protein mRNA of juveniles was determined to compare thermal tolerance of individuals from different groups. Juvenile sea cucumbers whose parents experienced high temperature could acquire high thermal resistance. With the increase of parental exposure duration to high temperature, offspring became less sensitive to high temperature, as indicated by higher upper thermal limits (LT50), less seasonal variations of oxygen consumption, and stable oxygen consumption rates between chronic and acute thermal stress. The relatively high levels of constitutive expression of heat-shock proteins should contribute to the high thermal tolerance. Together, these results indicated that the existence of a parental effect of long acclimatization would increase thermal tolerance of juveniles and change the thermal sensitivity of sea cucumber to future climate change.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Marine and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China.|Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing-Lin
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Marine and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Marine and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger