title: Assessing Drug Consumption Behavior With the Heidelberger Drogenbogen (Heidelberg Drug Scales): Reliabilities, Validities, and Cut-Off Criteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Heidelberger Drogenbogen (HDB) is a German language assessment of substance-specific knowledge and consumption patterns of the illicit psychoactive substances cannabis, MDMA (ecstasy), amphetamines, cocaine, and hallucinogens. The behavior modules for each of these five drugs/drug groups allow for a diagnostic evaluation of the extent of harmful consumption behavior. Each of the five modules represents a single standardized test.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper outlines several statistical parameters, Cronbach's alpha, retest reliabilities, as well as numerous validity and cut-off-criteria of the behavioral modules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 4,794) were recruited at schools, universities, in subcultural contexts, and in institutions of substance abuse treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistencies range from = .68 to .79 while test-retest reliabilities between .87 and .94 were found. The behavior modules of the HDB can discriminate between populations with and without clinical levels of substance use. Furthermore, this measure has incremental validity and higher diagnostic accuracy over competing measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The behavior modules of the HDB are reliable and valid measures of substance use and misuse.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine , University Hospital Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Raab
authors.affiliation: b Learning Sciences Research Methods , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heene
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine , University Hospital Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grevenstein
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine , University Hospital Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinhold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
keywords: Illicit drugs; amphetamines; cannabis; cocaine; consumption patterns; ecstasy; hallucinogens; measurement