title: Exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter sp. YG4 reduces uranium induced nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Uranium nephrotoxicity is a health concern with very few treatment options. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) possess multiple biological activities and appear as prospective candidates for treating uranium nephrotoxicity. This study focuses on the ability of an EPS produced by a bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. YG4 to reduce uranium nephrotoxicity in vivo. This bacterium was isolated from the gut contents of a slug Laevicaulis alte (Férussac). Based on the aniline blue staining reaction and infrared spectral analysis, the EPS was identified as β-glucan and its molecular weight was 11.99×10(6)Da. The EPS showed hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity in vitro. To assess the protection provided by the EPS against uranium nephrotoxicity, a single dose of 2mg/kg uranyl nitrate was injected intraperitoneally to albino Wistar rats. As intervention, the EPS was administered orally (100mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed on the fifth day and analyses were conducted. Increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and histopathological alterations in kidneys were observed in uranyl nitrate treated animals. All these alterations were reduced with the administration of Enterobacter sp. YG4 EPS, emphasizing a novel approach in treating uranium nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nagaraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: K
authors.affiliation: Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rekha Punchapady
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Devasya
authors.affiliation: Yenepoya research centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte - 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: bhagwatharun@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Arun Ananthapadmanabha
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bhagwath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D014501:Uranium / Q000633:toxicity*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D020011:Protective Agents; D047071:beta-Glucans; D014501:Uranium
keywords: Enterobacter sp. YG4; Exopolysaccharide; Nephrotoxicity; Uranium