title: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER: EVIDENCE FOR TWO DIMENSIONS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine possible dimensions that underlie obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and to investigate their clinical correlates, familiality, and genetic linkage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were selected from 844 adults assessed with the Structured Instrument for the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SIDP) in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS) that targeted families with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affected sibling pairs. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis, which included the eight SIDP-derived DSM-IV OCPD traits and the indecision trait from the DSM-III, assessed clinical correlates, and estimated sib-sib correlations to evaluate familiality of the factors. Using MERLIN and MINX, we performed genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis to test for allele sharing among individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two factors were identified: Factor 1: order/control (perfectionism, excessive devotion to work, overconscientiousness, reluctance to delegate, and rigidity); and Factor 2: hoarding/indecision (inability to discard and indecisiveness). Factor 1 score was associated with poor insight, whereas Factor 2 score was associated with task incompletion. A significant sib-sib correlation was found for Factor 2 (rICC = .354, P < .0001) but not Factor 1 (rICC = .129, P = .084). The linkage findings were different for the two factors. When Factor 2 was analyzed as a quantitative trait, a strong signal was detected on chromosome 10 at marker d10s1221: KAC LOD = 2.83, P = .0002; and marker d10s1225: KAC LOD = 1.35, P = .006.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate two factors of OCPD, order/control and hoarding/indecision. The hoarding/indecision factor is familial and shows modest linkage to a region on chromosome 10.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Brion S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grados
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: O Joseph
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Bienvenu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Fernando S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Goes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pauls
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Unit of Statistical Genomics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Yin Yao
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shugart
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nestadt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samuels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003193:Compulsive Personality Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: assessment and diagnosis; genetic; hoarding; obsessive-compulsive disorder; personality disorder