title: A simple, rapid, and efficient method for isolating detrusor for the culture of bladder smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a simple and rapid method to remove serosa and mucosa from detrusor for the culture of bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to two groups. In the first group, pure bladder detrusor was directly obtained from bladder wall using novel method characterized by subserous injection of normal saline. In the second group, full thickness bladder wall sample was cut down, and then, mucosa and serosa were trimmed off detrusor ex vivo. Twelve detrusor samples from two groups were manually minced and enzymatically digested, respectively, to form dissociated cells whose livability was detected by trypan blue exclusion. Proliferative ability of primary culture cells was detected by CCK-8 kit, and purity of second-passage SMCs was detected by flow cytometric analyses. Another two detrusor samples from two groups were used for histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subserous injection of normal saline combined with blunt dissection can remove mucosa and serosa from detrusor layer easily and quickly. Statistical analysis revealed the first group possessed higher cell livability, shorter primary culture cell doubling time, and higher purity of SMCs than the second group (P < 0.05). Histological examination confirmed no serosa and mucosa existed on the surface of detrusor obtained by novel method, while serosa or mucosa residual can be found on the surface of detrusor obtained by traditional method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pure detrusor can be acquired from bladder wall conveniently using novel method. This novel method brought about significantly higher purity and cell livability as compared to traditional method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yichen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yiqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Ganggang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Junmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China. doctorchenfang@163.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology*
keywords: Bladder smooth muscle cells; Cell culture; Cell viability; Detrusor separating method