title: Biomarkers, Early Diagnosis, and Clinical Predictors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
abstract: The pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is multifactorial, and the clinical phenotype of BPD is extremely variable. Several clinical and laboratory biomarkers have been proposed for the early identification of infants at higher risk of BPD and for determination of prognosis of infants with a diagnosis of BPD. The authors review available literature on prediction tools and biomarkers of BPD, using clinical variables and biomarkers based on imaging, lung function measures, and measurements of various analytes in different body fluids that have been determined to be associated with BPD either in a targeted manner or by unbiased omic profiling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 176F Suite 9380, 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35249-7335, USA.
authors.forename: Charitharth Vivek
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 176F Suite 9380, 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35249-7335, USA. Electronic address: nambalavanan@peds.uab.edu.
authors.forename: Namasivayam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambalavanan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D001944:Breath Tests; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011379:Prognosis; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Biomarkers; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Early diagnosis; Infant; Premature; Prognosis; Pulmonary hypertension; Systems biology