title: Serum uric acid level as an indicator for CKD regression and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a 4.6-year cohort study.
abstract: To investigate the association of serum uric acid level with renal function change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  
  T2DM patients who had been followed-up for at least 3 years were included. Participants were categorized into stable, progression, or regression groups according to their change in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. During the follow-up period, all numeric values of metabolic factors, including the uric acid level and the medication possession rate, were calculated in order to investigate their associations with CKD development. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with change in CKD.
  
  
  
  A total of 2367 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study and followed-up for a mean of 4.6 years. The numbers of patients in the stable, progression and regression groups were 1133 (47.9%), 487 (20.6%), and 747 (31.5%), respectively. The progression group had the highest serum uric acid level (6.9 ± 1.8 mg/dL), and the regression group had the lowest uric acid level (5.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL). In addition, we found that the serum uric acid level was an independent factor associated with CKD progression when the value exceeded 6.3 mg/dL. A lower uric acid level could be beneficial for CKD improvement in T2DM patients with stage 3-5 CKD.
  
  
  
  Our data indicated that the serum uric acid level is associated with CKD regression and progression and suggested that a high normal serum uric acid level should be closely monitored in patients with T2DM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Chen
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Dao-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yau-Jiunn
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: chronic kidney disease; diabetic nephropathy; type 2 diabetes mellitus; uric acid