title: Survival Analysis of Faculty Retention and Promotion in the Social Sciences by Gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruitment and retention of talent is central to the research performance of universities. Existing research shows that, while men are more likely than women to be promoted at the different stages of the academic career, no such difference is found when it comes to faculty retention rates. Current research on faculty retention, however, focuses on careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We extend this line of inquiry to the social sciences.
  
  
  METHODS
  We follow 2,218 tenure-track assistant professors hired since 1990 in seven social science disciplines at nineteen U.S. universities from time of hire to time of departure. We also track their time to promotion to associate and full professor. Using survival analysis, we examine gender differences in time to departure and time to promotion. Our methods account for censoring and unobserved heterogeneity, as well as effect heterogeneity across disciplines and cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find no statistically significant differences between genders in faculty retention. However, we do find that men are more likely to be granted tenure than women. When it comes to promotion to full professor, the results are less conclusive, as the effect of gender is sensitive to model specification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results corroborate previous findings about gender patterns in faculty retention and promotion. They suggest that advances have been made when it comes to gender equality in retention and promotion, but important differences still persist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Box-Steffensmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Raphael C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roumen A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Varbanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yee Shwen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hoh
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Knisley
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mary Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D002322:Career Mobility; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012737:Sex Factors; D012942:Social Sciences; D014481:United States; D014495:Universities; D000078329:Workforce