title: Rising drug allergy alert overrides in electronic health records: an observational retrospective study of a decade of experience.
abstract: There have been growing concerns about the impact of drug allergy alerts on patient safety and provider alert fatigue. The authors aimed to explore the common drug allergy alerts over the last 10 years and the reasons why providers tend to override these alerts.
  
  
  
  Retrospective observational cross-sectional study (2004-2013).
  
  
  
  Drug allergy alert data (n = 611,192) were collected from two large academic hospitals in Boston, MA (USA).
  
  
  
  Overall, the authors found an increase in the rate of drug allergy alert overrides, from 83.3% in 2004 to 87.6% in 2013 (P < .001). Alarmingly, alerts for immune mediated and life threatening reactions with definite allergen and prescribed medication matches were overridden 72.8% and 74.1% of the time, respectively. However, providers were less likely to override these alerts compared to possible (cross-sensitivity) or probable (allergen group) matches (P < .001). The most common drug allergy alerts were triggered by allergies to narcotics (48%) and other analgesics (6%), antibiotics (10%), and statins (2%). Only slightly more than one-third of the reactions (34.2%) were potentially immune mediated. Finally, more than half of the overrides reasons pointed to irrelevant alerts (i.e., patient has tolerated the medication before, 50.9%) and providers were significantly more likely to override repeated alerts (89.7%) rather than first time alerts (77.4%, P < .001).
  
  
  
  These findings underline the urgent need for more efforts to provide more accurate and relevant drug allergy alerts to help reduce alert override rates and improve alert fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA mtopaz80@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topaz
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Clinical & Quality Analysis, Partners Healthcare System, Wellesley, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Seger
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicines, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Slight
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Foster
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Paige G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wickner
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, and Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhopeshwarkar
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Clinical & Quality Analysis, Partners Healthcare System, Wellesley, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: alert fatigue; allergy; decision support systems–clinical; electronic health records; electronic prescribing; hospital; medication systems