title: Incidence of cystoid macular edema following secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eyes with secondary PC IOL implantation were included. Eyes in Group 1 were treated because of preexisting aphakia; eyes in Group 2 had reimplantation or refixation of a failed primary PC IOL (Group 2). Patients were followed for at least 12 months with measurement of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and central retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Risk factors for CME occurrence were evaluated with standard statistical procedures. Cutoff points of sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the prediction of CME with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two eyes of 40 patients (16 men, 24 women; mean age 75.4 years ± 13.7 [SD]) were included. There were 28 eyes in Group 1 and 14 eyes in Group 2. Seven eyes (16.7%) developed CME with significant impairment of CDVA and an increase in central retinal thickness on OCT. Five eyes in Group 1 and 2 eyes in Group 2 were affected, without a significant difference between groups. The CDVA after surgery had a significant influence, and there was a trend toward patient age as a risk factor. The ROC analysis yielded 83.9 years of age and a CDVA of 0.35 logMAR, respectively, as meaningful cutoff points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary PC IOL fixation was performed with good results despite the inherent CME risk from the procedure. Advanced age and poor CDVA after surgery might predict CME occurrence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Distelmaier
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paquet
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Natascha E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haritoglou
authors.affiliation: From the Eye Clinic Herzog Carl Theodor, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: cb.schoenfeld@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Carl-Ludwig
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schönfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001036:Aphakia, Postcataract / Q000601:surgery*; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013536:Suture Techniques; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology