title: Reliability and stability of immobilization remediation of Cd polluted soils using sepiolite under pot and field trials.
abstract: Long-term effectiveness and persistence are two important criterias to evaluate alternative remediation technology of heavy metal polluted soils. Pot and field studies showed addition of sepiolite was effective in immobilizing Cd in polluted soils, with significant reduction in TCLP extracts (0.6%-49.6% and 4.0%-32.5% reduction in pot and field experiments, respectively) and plant uptake (14.4%-84.1% and 22.8%-61.4% declines in pot and field studies, correspondingly). However, the applications of sepiolite offered a limited guarantee for the safety of edible vegetables in Cd-polluted soils, depending on the soil type, the Cd pollution type and level, and the dose and application frequency of chemical amendments. Bioassays, such as plant growth, soil enzymatic activities and microbial community diversity, indicated a certain degree of recovery of soil metabolic function. Therefore, sepiolite-assisted in situ remediation is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and technically applicable, and can be successfully used to reduce Cd enter into the food chain on field scale.
authors.affiliation: Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Yuebing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China. Electronic address: ymxu1999@126.com.
authors.forename: Yingming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D017633:Magnesium Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017633:Magnesium Silicates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; C001671:magnesium trisilicate
keywords: Cd; Enzyme activity; Immobilization remediation; Microbial community; Reliability and stability