title: Life expectancy and health expenditure evolution in Eastern Europe-DiD and DEA analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exploration of long-term health expenditure and longevity trends across three major sub-regions of Eastern Europe since 1989.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 countries were classified as EU 2004, CIS, or SEE. European Health for All Database (HFA-DB) 1989-2012 data were processed using difference-in-difference (DiD) and data envelopment analysis (DEA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strongest expenditure growth was recorded in EU 2004 followed by SEE and the CIS. A surprisingly similar longevity increase was present in SEE and EU 2004. In 1989, countries that joined EU in 2004 were relatively inefficient in the number of life-years gained yet had a lower life expectancy than the SEE region and was only slightly higher than the CIS region (DEA). By 2012 the revenue spent was roughly linear to additional life-year expectancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EU 2004 members were the best performers in terms of balanced longevity increase followed by health expenditure growth. The SEE economies' longevity gains were lagging slightly behind at a far lower cost. An extrapolated CIS expenditure to longevity increase ratio has the fastest-growing long-term promise.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac, Pharmacology and Toxicology , Kragujevac , Serbia.
authors.forename: Mihajlo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
authors.affiliation: b Health Center Valjevo , Quality Assurance Department , Valjevo , Serbia.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vukovic
authors.affiliation: c School of Medicine , University of California , San Diego , CA , United States.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fontanesi
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005061:Europe, Eastern; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008136:Longevity; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: CIS; EU; SEE; Socioeconomic transition; health expenditure; life expectancy; long-term trends; longevity