title: Development of a novel, fast, sensitive method for chromium speciation in wastewater based on an organic polymer as solid phase extraction material combined with HPLC-ICP-MS.
abstract: Speciation analysis of inorganic chromium in wastewater is of great significance for the monitoring of environmental pollution. In this work, N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine functionalized poly(chloromethyl styrene-co-styrene) was synthesized, characterized and used as the adsorbent to preconcentrate chromium species in environmental waters by on line solid-phase extraction (SPE). The trace speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in wastewater has been used by short-column high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) after on-line SPE. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have been adsorbed on the anion exchange column after transforming the cationic Cr(III) to an anionic [Cr(III)-EDTA](-) complex devoid of re-dox reagent, and then eluted rapidly (within seconds) with a very low concentration of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) solution. This method provides a reliable on-line preconcentration method and detection coupled technique. Under the optimized conditions, high enrichment factors have been obtained for Cr(VI) and [Cr(III)-EDTA](-) with 30mL sample solution up to 105 and 128, respectively. The low detection limits of 0.0068ng mL(-1) and 0.0041ng mL(-1), with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.3% and 3.6% were obtained for Cr(VI) and [Cr(III)-EDTA](-), respectively. The developed method was validated by analyzing Certified Reference Materials GSBZ50027-94, and the spike tests were also performed. At the same time, thanks to the merit of simple operation, rapid adsorption/desorption dynamics, high enrichment and low LODs, the established method was applied to analyze three wastewater samples from different discharge port.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Ning bo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315830, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Dirong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiaoqiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China. Electronic address: xzhang@iue.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Chromium; HPLC–ICP-MS; Solid phase extraction; Speciation; Wastewater