title: THE IMPACT OF X-RAY UNIT TYPE USED FOR ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY PROCEDURES ON PATIENT DOSES.
abstract: To investigate whether the X-ray unit type used for interventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures may affect patient radiation doses. A total of 471 ERCP procedures performed in 4 hospitals with 4 types of X-ray units were studied. Kerma-area product (KAP), fluoroscopy time (T) and total number of radiographs acquired (F) were recorded. KAP, T and F values exhibited a great variation, ranging from 0.1 to 130.2 Gy cm2(mean 16 Gy cm2), 0.13 to 33.7 min (mean 5.4 min) and 0 to 26 radiographs (mean 3.5), respectively. The respective mean values for the four types of X-ray units that were investigated were as follows: KAP: 17.4, 12.5, 5.6 and 36.3 Gy cm2, T: 4.7, 5.2, 3.8 and 11.5 min and F: 1.7, 7.4, 1.9 and 4.6 radiographs. The type of the X-ray unit seems to significantly affect patient radiation dose, with the C-arm delivering the lowest and the angiography unit the highest patient doses.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, General Hospital 'Konstantopoulio', 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 14233 Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece virginia@otenet.gr.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsapaki
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, General Hospital 'Konstantopoulio', 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 14233 Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Paraskeva
authors.affiliation: General Anticancer Oncology Hospital 'Agios Savvas', Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Tsalafoutas
authors.affiliation: General Hospital 'Venizelio', Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paspatis
authors.affiliation: 'Hygeia' Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scotiniotis
authors.affiliation: General Hospital 'Nicea', Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finou
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, General Hospital 'Konstantopoulio', 3-5 Agias Olgas Str., 14233 Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Karagianis
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014965:X-Rays