title: Automatic artifacts and arousals detection in whole-night sleep EEG recordings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, artifacts and arousals marking are usually part of the processing. This visual inspection by a human expert has two main drawbacks: it is very time consuming and subjective.
  
  
  METHODS
  To detect artifacts and arousals in a reliable, systematic and reproducible automatic way, we developed an automatic detection based on time and frequency analysis with adapted thresholds derived from data themselves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The automatic detection performance is assessed using 5 statistic parameters, on 60 whole night sleep recordings coming from 35 healthy volunteers (male and female) aged between 19 and 26. The proposed approach proves its robustness against inter- and intra-, subjects and raters' scorings, variability. The agreement with human raters is rated overall from substantial to excellent and provides a significantly more reliable method than between human raters.
  Existing methods detect only specific artifacts or only arousals, and/or these methods are validated on short episodes of sleep recordings, making it difficult to compare with our whole night results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method works on a whole night recording and is fully automatic, reproducible, and reliable. Furthermore the implementation of the method will be made available online as open source code.
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Allée de la découverte 10 B28, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: d.coppieters@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Dorothée Coppieters
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: 't Wallant
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behaviour, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 2, B32B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium. Electronic address: vincenzo.muto@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium. Electronic address: giulia.gaggioni@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaggioni
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behaviour, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 2, B32B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium. Electronic address: mathieu.jaspar@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaspar
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium. Electronic address: sarah.chellappa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chellappa
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium. Electronic address: christelle.meyer@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium. Electronic address: Gilles.Vandewalle@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandewalle
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University of Liège Hospital, B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium. Electronic address: pmaquet@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maquet
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8 B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, Allée de la découverte 10 B28, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: c.phillips@ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adapted threshold; Arousal; Artifact; Automatic; Electroencephalography; Raw data; Sleep