title: Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide as a highly efficient catalyst for direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines using ultrasonic irradiation.
abstract: Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO-SO3H) were prepared by grafting sulfonic acid-containing aryl radicals onto chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) under sonochemical conditions. rGO-SO3H catalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). rGO-SO3H catalyst was successfully applied as a reusable solid acid catalyst for the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines into the corresponding amides under ultrasonic irradiation. The direct sonochemical amidation of carboxylic acid takes place under mild conditions affording in good to high yields (56-95%) the corresponding amides in short reaction times.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. BOX 14335-186, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: m.mirzaaghayan@ccerci.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirza-Aghayan
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. BOX 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdieh Molaee
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tavana
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN, UMR 8520), Avenue Poincaré - CS 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Rabah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boukherroub
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000588:Amines; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D010087:Oxides; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Amines; Carboxylic acids; Direct amidation; Solid acid catalyst; Sonochemical reaction; Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide