title: Dielectric properties of cereals at frequencies useful for processes with microwave heating.
abstract: Dielectric properties of barley, corn (white and yellow), sorghum, and wheat at microwave frequencies for heating purpose were analyzed. Properties were determined at 915, 2450 and 5800 MHz with the free space transmission method in the cereals at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C. ε´ and ε"of all the cereals decreased with increasing frequency. ε´ slightly increased with temperature, while ε "remained practically constant for all the cereals in the temperature range from 20 to 60 °C. Penetration depth decreased with increasing frequency for all the samples, and increased with increasing temperature at 915 MHz, except for barley. These results are useful for further microwave heating applications for the studies on cereals.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonanzintla, Puebla Mexico ; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla Mexico.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torrealba-Meléndez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carret. Irapuato-Silao km. 9, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1197-2572
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sosa-Morales
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonanzintla, Puebla Mexico.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Olvera-Cervantes
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonanzintla, Puebla Mexico.
authors.forename: Alonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corona-Chávez
keywords: Cereals; Dielectric properties; Free space transmission line method; Microwaves; Penetration depth