title: Alterations of Bio-elements, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Status in the Zinc Deficiency Model in Rats.
abstract: Our previous study showed that dietary zinc restriction induces depression-like behavior with concomitant up-regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Because metal ions, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in depression/NMDAR function, in the present study, bio-elements (zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium), oxidative (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; protein carbonyl content), and inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β) factors were measured in serum, hippocampus (Hp), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a zinc-adequate (ZnA) (50 mg Zn/kg) or a zinc-deficient (ZnD) (3 mg Zn/kg) diet for 4 or 6 weeks. Both periods of dietary zinc restriction reduced serum zinc and increased serum iron levels. At 4 weeks, lowered zinc level in the PFC and Hp as well as lowered iron level in the PFC of the ZnD rats was observed. At 6 weeks, however, iron level was increased in the PFC of these rats. Although at 6 weeks zinc level in the PFC did not differ between the ZnA and ZnD rats, extracellular zinc concentration after 100 mM KCl stimulation was reduced in the PFC of the ZnD rats and was accompanied by increased extracellular iron and glutamate levels (as measured by the in vivo microdialysis). The examined oxidative and inflammatory parameters were generally enhanced in the tissue of the ZnD animals. The obtained data suggest dynamic redistribution of bio-elements and enhancement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters after dietary zinc restriction, which may have a link with depression-like behavior/NMDAR function/neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland. u.doboszewska@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Doboszewska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Bernadeta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szewczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sowa-Kućma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noworyta-Sokołowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.|Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misztak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gołębiowska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Młyniec
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ostachowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krośniak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wojtanowska-Krośniak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gołembiowska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lankosz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piekoszewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.|Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000097:blood*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Glutamate; Inflammation; Iron; Oxidation; Zinc; Zinc deficiency