title: Effects of colonic electrical stimulation using different individual parameter patterns and stimulation sites on gastrointestinal transit time, defecation, and food intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the effects of colonic electrical stimulation (CES) on gastrointestinal transit time (GITT), energy consumption, stool frequency, stool consistency, and food intake using different individual parameter patterns and stimulation sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight beagle dogs underwent surgery and CES. First, CES was conducted to determine the individual parameters with different pulse configurations, based on symptoms. Second, influences on energy consumption and GITT were compared between CES sessions with different pulse configurations. Third, GITT, stool frequency, stool consistency, and food intake were compared to assess the effects of CES at different stimulation sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The individual parameters varied greatly among the dogs. In proximal colon electrical stimulation (PCES) and rectosigmoid colon electrical stimulation (RCES), energy consumption was lower with the constant pulse width mode than with the constant pulse amplitude mode (p = 0.012 and p = 0.018, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the two pulse configurations in GITT assessment. The PCES, RCES, and sequential CES sessions significantly accelerated GITT compared to sham stimulation. There was no statistical difference in GITT between PCES, RCES, and sequential CES sessions. Compared to sham CES session, RCES and sequential CES sessions exhibited significant higher stool frequency (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), and PCES and RCES sessions inhibited food intake (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constant pulse width mode is an appropriate pulse configuration for individual CES. At different stimulation sites, CES may exert different effects on stool frequency and food intake. This study provides an experimental basis for the clinical application of CES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2nd Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.|Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9th Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105th Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, 168th Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2nd Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. shukunyao@163.com.|Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9th Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China. shukunyao@163.com.
authors.forename: Shukun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2nd Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. yanmei.li@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2nd Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaoxuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2nd Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2nd Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Rishena Technology Development Co. Ltd., 26th Huashan Middle Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou, 213000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology*; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Colonic electrical stimulation; Constipation; Gastrointestinal transit time; Individual parameter selection