title: Highlighting inconsistencies regarding metal biosorption.
abstract: Thousands of articles have been devoted to examine different types of biosorbents and their use in cleaning polluted waters. An important objective of some studies has been the identification of the biosorption mechanisms. This type of investigation is not always performed, as it can only be done if scientists are aware of all mechanisms that, at least theoretically, control the removal of the target substances. Mistakes are often made, even in highly cited review articles, where biosorption mechanisms are named and/or grouped. The aim of this article is to highlight errors and inaccuracies as well as to discuss different classification systems of the biosorption mechanisms. This article serves as a guide, as well as a platform for discussion among researchers involved in the investigation of biosorbents, in an effort to avoid reproducing errors in subsequent articles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia. Electronic address: artis.robalds@lu.lv.
authors.forename: Artis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robalds
authors.affiliation: Science Department, Everglades Foundation, 18001 Old Cutler Road, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157, United States. Electronic address: mnaja@evergladesfoundation.org.
authors.forename: Ghinwa Melodie
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Naja
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga LV-1586, Latvia.
authors.forename: Maris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klavins
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D003142:Communication; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012107:Research Design; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Adsorption; Biosorption; Chemisorption; Mechanisms; Physisorption