title: What are the preferences of health care professionals in Germany regarding fully liquid, ready-to-use hexavalent pediatric vaccine versus hexavalent pediatric vaccine that needs reconstitution?
abstract: Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) based combined vaccines have led to significant reduction in incidence of several serious pediatric infectious diseases. A new, fully liquid combined hexavalent vaccine has been introduced and has been shown to reduce administration time. This fully liquid vaccine may also be simpler to administer and could reduce handling errors. The present study was designed to understand the value that health care providers (HCPs) place on aspects of injection devices for combined hexavalent vaccine programs in Germany. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was designed to elicit the views of HCPs regarding hexavalent vaccines. The key attributes of injection devices were identified through a focused literature search and interviews with HCPs. Five key attributes, each with two or three levels were described which included: type of device, experience of this hexavalent vaccine on the German market, preparation time, probability of handling errors, and dosage errors. Physicians (n=150) and nurses (n=150) who administered hexavalent vaccines in Germany completed the survey. Choice data were analyzed using the conditional logit procedure. All attributes were significant and important independent influences on physicians' and nurses' choices. Reducing any "probability of dosage errors" was the most important attribute. Both physicians and nurses had a strong preference to reduce preparation time. All other things equal both groups also significantly preferred a fully liquid hexavalent vaccine. They also preferred vaccines that had been on the market for a few years compared to ones that had not (especially the physicians). Additional analyses explored participants' preferences in more detail through interaction terms. The DCE choice data provide useful insights into how HCPs view each aspect of the vaccination device. Overall, the HCPs preferred fully liquid vaccines. The survey also highlighted the importance of handling and dosage errors, reducing preparation time, and also experience of the HCPs with the use of a vaccine. The survey work included physicians and nurses and explored their views separately.
authors.affiliation: Patient Reported Outcomes, ICON Plc, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: Patient Reported Outcomes, ICON Plc, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Beenish
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nafees
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziani
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.affiliation: Patient Reported Outcomes, ICON Plc, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Beth Alice
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fordham
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soubeyrand
authors.affiliation: Practice for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Bensheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bornhöft
keywords: dosage errors; fully liquid vaccines; handling errors; hexavalent vaccines; preferences