title: Improving sleep quality interventions among menopausal women with sleep disturbances in Taiwan: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of improving sleep quality interventions in menopausal women with sleep disturbance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sleep disturbances are an extensive and common problem among menopausal women. There is an increased trend in the use of non-pharmacological methods to alleviate sleep disturbances. Studies that have implemented two or more non-pharmacological strategies for menopausal women are scant.
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeat measurement with a randomized assignment was conducted. A total of 59 menopausal women with sleep disturbance were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 29) and control (n = 30) groups. Participants in the experimental group received four 2-hour improving sleep quality activities, whereas the control group received regular greeting calls. Sleep quality was measured prior to intervention, and on the 5th and 8th weeks by using the Pittsburg's Sleep Quality Index, and Actiwatch was worn before and during the 8 weeks of intervention. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that subjective sleep quality had significant main effect in group and time. The findings of the objective measurement showed that participants in the experimental group had significantly shorter frequency of awakening time and increased sleep efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improving sleep quality intervention is a healthy and cost-effective method to improve sleep quality in community-dwelling menopausal women with sleep disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: hchsu@mail.cgust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hchsu@gw.cgust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Lee-Ing
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.affiliation: National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: mhlin@gw.cgust.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Mei-Hsiang
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Actiwatch; Improving sleep quality intervention; Menopause; Sleep quality