title: Sex of Sexual Partners and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among U.S. Girls and Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Girls and women are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer from male and female sexual partners throughout the life course. However, no study has assessed how sex of sexual partners, a dimension of sexual orientation, may relate to HPV vaccination among girls and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2014, data from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth were used to conduct logistic regression analyses estimating the relationship between sex of lifetime and past-year sexual partners and HPV vaccine awareness and initiation among U.S. girls and women aged 15-25 years (N=3,253).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among U.S. girls and women aged 15-25 years, the prevalence of HPV vaccine awareness and HPV vaccine initiation was 84.4% and 28.5%, respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, participants with only female past-year sexual partners had significantly lower odds of initiating HPV vaccination relative to those with only male past-year sexual partners (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.05, 0.55). Similarly, respondents with no lifetime (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.46, 0.92) or past-year (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.50, 0.94) sexual partners had significantly lower adjusted odds of HPV vaccine initiation compared with those with only male sexual partners. No difference was apparent in the odds of initiating HPV vaccination between participants with male and female sexual partners and those with only male sexual partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical and public health professionals should ensure that girls and women with only female or no sexual partners are included in HPV vaccine education and promotion efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: magenor@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Madina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agénor
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Peitzmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haneuse
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Allegra R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Women's Health Program, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: S Bryn
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines