title: Ultrasonically enhanced extraction of luteolin and apigenin from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. using liquid carbon dioxide and ethanol.
abstract: The present study reports on the ultrasonic enhancement of the liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction of luteolin and apigenin from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., to which ethanol is added as a cosolvent. The purpose of this research is also to investigate the effects of the particle size, temperature, pressure, irradiation power, irradiation time, and ethanol content in the liquid CO2 solution on the extraction yield using single-factor experiments. We qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the yields in the extract using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). The liquid CO2 mixed with ethanol was used at temperatures of 5, 20 and 25 °C with extraction pressures from 8 to 14 MPa. The yields of luteolin and apigenin in the extraction were clearly enhanced by the ultrasound irradiation, but the selectivity of the extract was not changed. The yields of luteolin and apigenin in the extract were also significantly improved by adjusting the operating temperature, the irradiation time, and the ethanol content in the liquid CO2 solution, but no change in the selectivity of the extract was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; Department of Seasoning and Foods Division, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., 1-1-11, Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. Electronic address: mishima@fukuoka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Tanjina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharmin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suetsugu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orii
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi 870-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Takunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Technology of Nuclear Industrial Material, Indonesia Nuclear Energy Agency, Gedung 42, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15419, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustofa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, JL.Ir.H.Juanda Ciputat, Tangerang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fauziyah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hasanah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, JL.Ir.H.Juanda Ciputat, Tangerang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Yusraini Dian Inayati
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Siregar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, JL.Ir.H.Juanda Ciputat, Tangerang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Hilyatuz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zahroh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, JL.Ir.H.Juanda Ciputat, Tangerang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Lily Surayya Eka
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Putri
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta, JL.Ir.H.Juanda Ciputat, Tangerang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salim
mesh_terms: D047310:Apigenin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031344:Perilla frutescens / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol; D047310:Apigenin; D047311:Luteolin
keywords: Apigenin; Liquid carbon dioxide extraction; Luteolin; Ultrasonic irradiation