title: Reduction in Prosodic Prominence Predicts Speakers' Recall: Implications for Theories of Prosody.
abstract: Repeated words are often reduced in prosodic prominence, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study contrasted two theories: does prosodic reduction reflect the choice of a particular linguistic form, or does ease of retrieval within the language production system lead to facilitated, less prominent productions? One test of facilitation-based theories is suggested by findings on human memory: Whether a second presentation of an item benefits later memory is predicted by the item's availability at the time of the second presentation. If prosodic reduction partially reflects facilitated retrieval, it should predict later memory. One naïve participant described to another participant routes on a map. Critical items were mentioned twice. Following the map task, the speaker attempted written recall of the mentioned items. As expected, acoustic intensity of the second mentions predicted later recall in the same way that difficulty of retrieval has in other tasks. This pattern suggests that one source of prosodic reduction is facilitation within the language production system.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, 608 Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Telephone: +1 (412) 624-7029. scottfraundorf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fraundorf
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820. Telephone: +1 (217) 333-0280. dgwatson@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Duane G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820. Telephone: +1 (217) 333-6822. asbenjam@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Benjamin
keywords: discourse; language production; prominence; prosody; recall