title: A comparative study of early maladaptive schemas in obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder.
abstract: Schema theory and therapy may be an additional therapeutic approach to identify and treat chronic psychological problems, namely early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and panic disorder (PAD). In the current study, we investigated the characteristics in EMSs between patients with OCD and PAD. Fifty-one patients with OCD, 46 patients with PAD, and 70 normal controls participated in this study. EMSs and depressive symptoms were measured using the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. Analysis of covariance was conducted with age, sex, BDI score, and education level as covariates to assess group differences. Direct comparisons among the three groups revealed that the defectiveness/shame and social isolation/alienation schemas were prominently activated in patients with OCD, whereas the vulnerability to harm or illness and self-sacrifice were activated in patients with PAD. In subgroup analysis, these differences were observed between subgroups with lower BDI scores, but not between the patient subgroups with higher BDI scores. However, the differences between the patient groups in the defectiveness/shame and vulnerability to harm or illness schemas almost reached significance. Patients with OCD and PAD differed in particular EMS characteristics, which could have potential therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-842, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-842, South Korea. Electronic address: jayleemd@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012752:Shame; D012934:Social Isolation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive therapy; Core belief; Personality; Schema therapy