title: Effects of partial sleep deprivation on slow waves during non-rapid eye movement sleep: A high density EEG investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in slow waves during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in response to acute total sleep deprivation are well-established measures of sleep homeostasis. This investigation utilized high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to examine topographic changes in slow waves during repeated partial sleep deprivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four participants underwent a 6-day sleep restriction protocol. Spectral and period-amplitude analyses of sleep hdEEG data were used to examine changes in slow wave energy, count, amplitude, and slope relative to baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in slow wave energy were dependent on the quantity of NREM sleep utilized for analysis, with widespread increases during sleep restriction and recovery when comparing data from the first portion of the sleep period, but restricted to recovery sleep if the entire sleep episode was considered. Period-amplitude analysis was less dependent on the quantity of NREM sleep utilized, and demonstrated topographic changes in the count, amplitude, and distribution of slow waves, with frontal increases in slow wave amplitude, numbers of high-amplitude waves, and amplitude/slopes of low amplitude waves resulting from partial sleep deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topographic changes in slow waves occur across the course of partial sleep restriction and recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate a homeostatic response to partial sleep loss in humans.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: dplante@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Brady A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Riedner
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Meredith E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rumble
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jelenchick
authors.affiliation: Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tononi
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Benca
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electroencephalogram; Sleep deprivation; Sleep homeostasis; Slow wave; Synaptic plasticity