title: Impact of obesity and nitric oxide synthase gene G894T polymorphism on essential hypertension.
abstract: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by environmental, metabolic and genetic factors, but little is currently known on the complex interplay between these factors and blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential impact of obesity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) 4a/4b, G894T and -T786C variants on the essential hypertension. The study group consisted of 1,027 Caucasian adults of Polish nationality (45.5 ± 13.6 years old), of which 401 met the criteria for hypertension. Body weight, height and blood pressure were measured and data on self-reported smoking status were collected. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides were determined by standard procedures. The ACE I/D polymorphism and three polymorphisms in NOS3 gene (4a/4b, G894T, -T786C) were detected by the PCR method. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that age above 45 years, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking and male sex are important risk factors for hypertension and no significant influence of variants in ACE and NOS3 genes on this risk was recognized. Obese subjects had a 3.27-times higher risk (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.37 - 4.52) of hypertension than non-obese, and in obese the NOS3 894T allele was associated with 1.37 fold higher risk of hypertension (P = 0.031). The distribution of NOS3 G894T genotypes supported the co-dominant (OR = 1.35, P = 0.034, Pfit = 0.435) or recessive (OR = 2.00, P = 0.046, Pfit = 0.286), but not dominant model of inheritance (P = 0.100). The study indicates that in obese NOS3 G894T polymorphism may enhance hypertension risk. However, in the presence of such strong risk factors as age, diabetes and smoking, the impact of this genetic variant seems to be attenuated. Further studies are needed to reveal the usefulness of G894T polymorphism in hypertension risk assessment in obese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. malgorzata.wrzosek@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrzosek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokal
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Hospital in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawicka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wlodarczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glowala
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrzosek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosior
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Internal Medicine and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Hospital in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talalaj
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biecek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000483:Alleles; D001794:Blood Pressure; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A