title: Periodontal status and oral health behavior in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the periodontal health status and oral health behavior among hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to assess the association of COPD with dental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 100 hospitalized patients with COPD and a group of 100 age, sex, and race-matched control patients were included in this study. Detailed case histories along with standardized measures of oral health including gingival index, plaque index (PI), and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI) were estimated and compared. Probing depths and clinical attachment levels (CALs) were recorded at four sites per tooth. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in saliva and serum were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study subjects had similar demographics and distribution in either group. Patients with COPD had significantly lower brushing frequency, poor periodontal health (OHI and PI), greater gingival inflammation, and deeper pockets/CALs compared to controls. Further COPD patients had significantly higher serum and salivary CRP levels compared to control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower brushing frequency, poor oral health, and presence of destructive periodontal disease were observed among patients with COPD, which warrants promoting dental care and oral health knowledge as an integrated approach to treating COPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontia, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Neeta Vijay
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontia, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Bela Dilip
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontia, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Nilam Ashokkumar
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Brahmbhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontia, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Rishikesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parekh
keywords: C-reactive protein; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; periodontal infection; poor periodontal health; risk factor