title: Synthesis and characterization of the fluorescent probes for the labeling of Microthrix parvicella.
abstract: Although the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has been widely used to identify the Microthrix parvicella (M. parvicella), there are a few disadvantages and difficulties, such as complicated process, time consuming, etc. In this work, a series of fluorescent probes, which were modified by long-chain alkane with hydrophobic property and based on the property of M. parvicella utilizing long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), for the labeling of M. parvicella in bulking sludge were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The probes were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, (1)H NMR spectra, and mass spectra, and the photostability and hydrophobic property of probes were investigated. All the results showed that the probes were quite stable and suitable for the fluorescent labeling. The probes had a large stoke shift of 98-137 nm, which was benefit for the fluorescent labeling. In the fluorescent labeling of M. parvicella by the synthesized probes, the probes had excellent labeling effects. By comparison of the images and the Image Pro Plus 6.0 analysis, the optimal concentration of the probes in the activated sludge sample for labeling was 0.010 mmol/L and the probe 3d had the best labeling. In addition, the effect of the duration time of probes was also investigated, and the results showed that the fluorescent intensity of probes hardly changed in a long period of time and it was suitable for labeling.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
authors.forename: Songya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China. xueningfei@126.com.|School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China. xueningfei@126.com.|School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China. xueningfei@126.com.
authors.forename: Xuening
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China. jiaoxiumei@163.com.|School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China. jiaoxiumei@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
authors.forename: Baolian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D000473:Alkanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Characterization; Fluorescent probes; Labeling; Microthrix parvicella; Synthesis