title: Persea americana Glycolic Extract: In Vitro Study of Antimicrobial Activity against Candida albicans Biofilm and Cytotoxicity Evaluation.
abstract: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of Persea americana extract on Candida albicans biofilm and its cytotoxicity in macrophage culture (RAW 264.7). To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), microdilution in broth (CLSI M27-S4 protocol) was performed. Thereafter, the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL (n = 10) with 5 min exposure were analyzed on mature biofilm in microplate wells for 48 h. Saline was used as control (n = 10). After treatment, biofilm cells were scraped off and dilutions were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. After incubation (37°C/48 h), the values of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were converted to log10 and analyzed (ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%). The cytotoxicity of the P. americana extract was evaluated on macrophages by MTT assay. The MIC of the extract was 6.25 mg/mL and with 12.5 mg/mL there was elimination of 100% of planktonic cultures. Regarding the biofilms, a significant reduction (P < 0.001) of the biofilm at concentrations of 50 (0.580 ± 0.209 log10), 100 (0.998 ± 0.508 log10), and 200 mg/mL (1.093 ± 0.462 log10) was observed. The concentrations of 200 and 100 mg/mL were cytotoxic for macrophages, while the concentrations of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL showed viability higher than 55%.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A O C
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Back-Brito
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 12245000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D027421:Persea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts