title: Costs of non-small cell lung cancer in the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Real-world resource use and cost data on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are scarce. This data is needed to inform health-economic modelling to assess the impact of new diagnostic and/or treatment technologies. This study provides detailed insight into real-world medical resource use and costs of stage I-IV NSCLC in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of patients newly diagnosed with NSCLC (2009-2011) was selected from four Dutch hospitals. Data was retrospectively collected from patient charts. This data included patient characteristics, tumour characteristics, treatment details, adverse events, survival and resource use. Resource use was multiplied by Dutch unit costs expressed in EUR 2012. Total mean costs were corrected for censoring using the Bang and Tsiatis weighted complete-case estimator. Furthermore, costs of adverse events, costs per phase of NSCLC management and costs of second opinions are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data was collected on 1067 patients. Total mean costs for NSCLC diagnosis, treatment and follow-up are €28,468 during the study period and €33,143 when corrected for censoring. Adverse events were recorded in the patient charts for 369 patients (41%) and 82 patients (9%) experienced an adverse event of grade III or higher. For these patients, adverse event-related hospital admissions cost on average €2,091. Mean total costs are €1,725 for the diagnostic period, €17,296 for first treatment line, and €13,236 for each later treatment line. Costs of providing a second opinion are €2,580 per patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total mean hospital costs per NSCLC patient are €33,143 for the total duration of the disease. Ignoring censoring in our data underestimates these costs by 14%. Main limitations of the study relate to the short follow-up time, staging difficulties and missing data. Its main strength is that it provides highly detailed, real-world data on the costs of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; CHERE (Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation), University of Technology Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: vanderlinden@bmg.eur.nl.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Linden
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: V M H
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Coupé
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology, Medical Center Alkmaar, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welling
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: F M N H
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Schramel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Uyl-de Groot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D009426:Netherlands; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Costs; Non-small cell lung cancer; Resource use