title: Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychiatric problems have been commonly reported in patients with migraine. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) in patients with migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were recruited from a headache clinic and a neuropsychologist examined their GAD using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus Version 5.0.0 (MINI). Subjects completed several instruments, including the GAD-7, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQoL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 146 participants, 32 patients (21.9 %) had GAD as determined by the MINI. Cronbach's α for the GAD-7 and GAD-2 were 0.915 and 0.820, respectively. At a cutoff score of 5, the GAD-7 had a sensitivity of 78.1 %, a specificity of 74.6 %, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.3 %, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.4 %. At a cutoff score of 1, the GAD-2 had a sensitivity of 84.4 %, a specificity of 72.8 %, a PPV of 46.6 %, and a NPV of 94.3 %. The scores of the GAD-7 and GAD-2 well correlated with the BAI score, the MIDAS score, the HIT-6 score, and the MSQoL score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GAD-7 and GAD-2 are both reliable and valid screening instruments for GAD in patients with migraine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 700-842, Jung-gu, Republic of Korea. jonggeun.seo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jong-Geun
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 700-842, Jung-gu, Republic of Korea. sppark@mail.knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-Pa
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; GAD-2; GAD-7; Migraine; Validity