title: Total liver fat quantification using three-dimensional respiratory self-navigated MRI sequence.
abstract: MRI can produce quantitative liver fat fraction (FF) maps noninvasively, which can help to improve diagnoses of fatty liver diseases. However, most sequences acquire several two-dimensional (2D) slices during one or more breath-holds, which may be difficult for patients with limited breath-holding capacity. A whole-liver 3D FF map could also be obtained in a single acquisition by applying a reliable breathing-motion correction method. Several correction techniques are available for 3D imaging, but they use external devices, interrupt acquisition, or jeopardize the spatial resolution. To overcome these issues, a proof-of-concept study introducing a self-navigated 3D three-point Dixon sequence is presented here.
  
  
  
  A respiratory self-gating strategy acquiring a center k-space profile was integrated into a three-point Dixon sequence. We obtained 3D FF maps from a water-fat emulsions phantom and fifteen volunteers. This sequence was compared with multi-2D breath-hold and 3D free-breathing approaches.
  
  
  
  Our 3D three-point Dixon self-navigated sequence could correct for respiratory-motion artifacts and provided more precise FF measurements than breath-hold multi-2D and 3D free-breathing techniques.
  
  
  
  Our 3D respiratory self-gating fat quantification sequence could correct for respiratory motion artifacts and yield more-precise FF measurements. Magn Reson Med 76:1400-1409, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arboleda
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.|Department of Computational Sciences and Electronics, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: María Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristián
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tejos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Bioprocesses, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Loreto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat ólica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Miquel
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Irarrazaval
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.|Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Andia
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. suribe@med.puc.cl.|Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. suribe@med.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uribe
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Dixon; breathing-motion correction; fat quantification; liver fat; self-navigator