title: Prostate specific G protein coupled receptor is associated with prostate cancer prognosis and affects cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited information about the clinical and biological significance of prostate specific G protein coupled receptor (PSGR) in prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. Here, we evaluated the expression of PSGR protein, studied its diagnostic and prognostic value in PCa, and also explored its role in cancer cell growth and invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of PSGR in paired adjacent normal prostate, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and PCa were determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays constructed from 150 radical prostatectomy specimens. The effects of PSGR on PCa cell growth and invasion were investigated using human PCa cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Membranous and cytoplasmic PSGR staining was observed at luminal epithelial cells of prostate. PSGR protein expression was significantly higher in PIN compared to normal prostate. Interestingly, the expression of PSGR decreased as PIN progressed to PCa. Low PSGR expression in PCa was associated with high Gleason score, and poor overall survival. Activated PSGR increased cancer cell invasive ability, but retarded cell growth. PSGR did not affect mTOR activity, but suppressed P70 S6 kinase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSGR may participate in PCa progression through affecting cell proliferation and invasion. High expression of PSGR in PIN may implicate its role in early neoplastic transformation of PCa. Low expression of PSGR in PCa may serve as a potential indicator for poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. wenqing.cao@nyumc.org.|Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA. wenqing.cao@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. lif@umn.edu.|Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. lif@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Faqian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. JYao@pathlinelabs.com.|Pathline Laboratories, Ramsey, NJ, USA. JYao@pathlinelabs.com.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. jiangzhou8888@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiangzhou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled