title: Deep Sequencing of the Fruit Transcriptome and Lipid Accumulation in a Non-Seed Tissue of Chinese Tallow, a Potential Biofuel Crop.
abstract: Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is a valuable oilseed-producing tree that can grow in a variety of conditions without competing for food production, and is a promising biofuel feedstock candidate. The fruits are unique in that they contain both saturated and unsaturated fat present in the tallow and seed layer, respectively. The tallow layer is poorly studied and is considered only as an external fatty deposition secreted from the seed. In this study we show that tallow is in fact a non-seed cellular tissue capable of triglyceride synthesis. Knowledge of lipid synthesis and storage mechanisms in tissues other than seed is limited but essential to generate oil-rich biomass crops. Here, we describe the annotated transcriptome assembly generated from the fruit coat, tallow and seed tissues of Chinese tallow. The final assembly was functionally annotated, allowing for the identification of candidate genes and reconstruction of lipid pathways. A tallow tissue-specific paralog for the transcription factor gene WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and lipid droplet-associated protein genes, distinct from those expressed in seed tissue, were found to be active in tallow, underpinning the mode of oil synthesis and packaging in this tissue. Our data have established an excellent knowledge base that can provide genetic and biochemical insights for engineering non-seed tissues to accumulate large amounts of oil. In addition to the large data set of annotated transcripts, the study also provides gene-based simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism markers.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 uday.divi@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Uday K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Divi
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Xue-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia, 6150.
authors.forename: Penghao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butlin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Landscape Gardening Research Institute, Shanghai, China, 200232.
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanhercke
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Rosemary G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2601.
authors.forename: Surinder P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Biofuel; Chinese tallow; Euphorbiaceae; Sepium sebiferum; Transcriptome; Triadica sebifera; Triglyceride