title: Dual Monitoring of Secretion and ATP Levels during Chondrogenesis Using Perfusion Culture-Combined Bioluminescence Monitoring System.
abstract: Skeletal pattern formation in limb development depends on prechondrogenic condensation which prefigures the cartilage template. However, although morphogens such as TGF-βs and BMPs have been known to play essential roles in skeletal patterning, how the morphogens induce prechondrogenic cells to aggregate and determine patterns of cartilage elements has remained unclear. Our previous study reported that ATP oscillations are induced during chondrogenesis. This result suggests the possibility that ATP oscillations lead to the oscillatory secretion of morphogens, due to the fact that secretion process requires ATP. To examine the correlation between ATP oscillations and secretion levels of morphogens, we have developed perfusion culture-combined bioluminescence monitoring system to simultaneously monitor intracellular ATP levels and secretion levels. Using this system, we found that secretory activity oscillates in phase with ATP oscillations and that secretion levels of TGF-β1 and BMP2 oscillate during chondrogenesis. The oscillatory secretion of the morphogens would contribute to amplifying the fluctuation of the morphogens, underlie the spatial patterning of morphogens, and consequently lead to skeletal pattern formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuck Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngbae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate