title: Progress and Challenges in Infectious Disease Cartography.
abstract: Quantitatively mapping the spatial distributions of infectious diseases is key to both investigating their epidemiology and identifying populations at risk of infection. Important advances in data quality and methodologies have allowed for better investigation of disease risk and its association with environmental factors. However, incorporating dynamic human behavioural processes in disease mapping remains challenging. For example, connectivity among human populations, a key driver of pathogen dispersal, has increased sharply over the past century, along with the availability of data derived from mobile phones and other dynamic data sources. Future work must be targeted towards the rapid updating and dissemination of appropriately designed disease maps to guide the public health community in reducing the global burden of infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. Electronic address: moritz.kraemer@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Moritz U G
authors.initials: MUG
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2220, USA.
authors.forename: Simon I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.affiliation: Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pigott
authors.affiliation: Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2220, USA; Sanaria Institute for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; Environmental Research Group Oxford (ERGO), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
authors.forename: G R William
authors.initials: GRW
authors.lastname: Wint
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Golding
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D004813:Epidemiology / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination
keywords: disease modelling; human mobility; mapping; pathogen dispersal; spatial epidemiology