title: Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease models.
abstract: Oxidative stress plays a very critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease among elderly people worldwide. Increasing evidence has suggested that phytobioactive compounds show enhanced benefits in cell and animal models of PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, quercetin, and catechin are phyto-derived bioactive compounds with important roles in the prevention and treatment of PD. However, in vivo studies suggest that their concentrations are very low to cross blood-brain barrier thereby it limits bioavailability, stability, and dissolution at target sites in the brain. To overcome these problems, nanophytomedicine with the controlled size of 1-100 nm is used to maximize efficiency in the treatment of PD. Nanosizing of phytobioactive compounds enhances the permeability into the brain with maximized efficiency and stability. Several nanodelivery techniques, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoliposomes, and nanoniosomes can be used for controlled delivery of nanobioactive compounds to brain. Nanocompounds, such as ginsenosides (19.9 nm) synthesized using a nanoemulsion technique, showed enhanced bioavailability in the rat brain. Here, we discuss the most recent trends and applications in PD, including 1) the role of phytobioactive compounds in reducing oxidative stress and their bioavailability; 2) the role of nanotechnology in reducing oxidative stress during PD; 3) nanodelivery systems; and 4) various nanophytobioactive compounds and their role in PD.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Palanivel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Su
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Kug
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; nanocurcumin; nanoresveratrol; nanotechnology delivery systems; phytobioactive compounds