title: Localization-dependent cell-killing effects of protoporphyrin (PPIX)-lipid micelles and liposomes in photodynamic therapy.
abstract: The protoporphyron (PPIX)-lipid (PL-C17) liposomes were successfully prepared from the corresponding micelles by post-inserted method. Both the PL-C17 micelles and liposomes were distributed in plasma membrane and cytoplasm after incubation of the cells with PL-C17 liposomes for 1h. They translocated from plasma membrane into a certain organelle in the cells after incubation in the photosensitizer-free medium. Higher photo-cytotoxicity was observed in the PL-C17 micelles and liposomes localized in plasma membrane in comparison with those localized in the cytoplasm under light irradiation. The LDH assay revealed that cytopathic damages of the plasma membrane were observed in the PL-C17 micelles and liposomes highly localized in plasma membrane. The fluorescent intensity of the calcein-encapsulating DOPC liposomes post-inserted with PL-C17 increased after light irradiation, suggesting that the membrane disruption is possibly caused by oxidation of membrane lipids with ROS generated from photosensitizers and affects the photo-cytotoxicity in PDT.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Research Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.affiliation: Chemical Research Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisanao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awazu
authors.affiliation: Chemical Research Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. Electronic address: hiro@res.titech.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008823:Micelles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; C017251:1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
keywords: Drug delivery system (DDS); Lipid; Liposome; Micelle; Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX); Reactive oxygen species (ROS)