title: Oxygenation to improve cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and blockade of immunological negative regulators.
abstract: Oxygenation of tumors weakens the tumor-protecting immunosuppressive signaling by A2A adenosine receptors in hypoxic and extracellular adenosine-rich microenvironments. This, in turn, unleashes the otherwise inhibited tumor-reactive T and natural killer (NK) cells. Oxygenation of tumors thus emerges as a novel checkpoint inhibitor of potential therapeutic value, but only in combination with cancer immunotherapies.
authors.affiliation: New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute; Northeastern University ; Boston, MA USA.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.affiliation: New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute; Northeastern University ; Boston, MA USA ; Cancer Vaccine Center; Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Institutes of Medicine ; Boston, MA USA.
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitkovsky
keywords: Anti-tumor immunity; CD8+ T cells; adenosine receptors; immunotherapies; natural killer cells; oxygen; tumor microenvironment; vaccine