title: Molecular diagnosis: Implications for ophthalmology.
abstract: The effort to subdivide diseases and to individualize therapies based on characteristics of the patient has been labeled precision medicine. Jameson and Longo define precision medicine as "treatments targeted to the needs of individual patients on the basis of genetic, biomarker, phenotypic or psychosocial characteristics that distinguish a given patient from other patients with similar clinical presentations" (Jameson and Longo, 2015). We illustrate how molecular diagnosis can be applied to orbital inflammatory disease to achieve the goals of precision medicine.
authors.affiliation: Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health Systems, 1040 NW 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97210, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: rosenbaj@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: sibleyc@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Cailin H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: choid@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Dongseok
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: harringc@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.affiliation: Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health Systems, 1040 NW 22nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97210, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: plancks@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Planck
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000379:methods; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods
keywords: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; Molecular diagnosis; Nonspecific orbital inflammatory disease; Sarcoidosis; Thyroid eye disease; Transcriptomics