title: Enrichment Strategies in Phosphoproteomics.
abstract: The comprehensive study of the phosphoproteome is heavily dependent on appropriate enrichment strategies that are most often, but not exclusively, carried out on the peptide level. In this chapter, I give an overview of the most widely used techniques. In addition to dedicated antibodies, phosphopeptides are enriched by their selective interaction with metals in the form of chelated metal ions or metal oxides. The negative charge of the phosphate group is also exploited in a variety of chromatographic fractionation methods that include different types of ion exchange chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and electrostatic repulsion HILIC (ERLIC) chromatography. Selected examples from the literature will demonstrate how a combination of these techniques with current high-performance mass spectrometry enables the identification of thousands of phosphorylation sites from various sample types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. leitner@imsb.biol.ethz.ch.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leitner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D055672:Static Electricity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D057188:Workflow
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins
keywords: Fractionation; Mass spectrometry; Phosphopeptide enrich ment; Sample preparation