title: Effect of Feeding a Mixed Microbial Culture Fortified with Trace Minerals on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Late-fattening Hanwoo Steers: A Field Study.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a trace minerals-fortified microbial culture (TMC) on the performance and carcass characteristics of late-fattening Hanwoo steers. A mixture of microbes (0.6% [v/w] of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.) was cultured with 99% feedstuff for ensiling and 0.4% trace minerals (zinc, selenium, copper, and cobalt). Sixteen late-fattening steers (mean age, 21.8 months) were allocated to two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw) and a treated diet (control diet+3.3% TMC). At a mean age of 31.1 months, all the steers were slaughtered. The addition of TMC to the diet did not affect the average daily weight gain of the late fattening steers, compared with that of control steers. Moreover, consuming the TMC-supplemented diet did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, consumption of a TMC-supplemented diet increased the concentrations of zinc, selenium, and sulfur (p<0.05) in the longissimus muscle. With respect to amino acids, animals consuming TMC showed increased (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, leucine, and valine among essential amino acids and a decreased (p<0.05) concentration of proline among non-essential amino acids. In conclusion, the consumption of a TMC-supplemented diet during the late-fattening period elevated the concentrations of certain trace minerals and essential amino acids in the longissimus muscle, without any deleterious effects on performance and other carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea.
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: Carcass; Hanwoo; Meat Quality; Microbial Culture; Steer; Trace Mineral