title: Noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 impairs virus control in a mouse model.
abstract: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen that causes development of mild to severe clinical signs in wild and domesticated ruminants. We previously showed that mice could be infected by BVDV. In the present study, we infected mice intraperitoneally with non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV1 or ncp BVDV2, harvested the blood and organs of the infected mice at days 4, 7, 10 and 14 postinfection (pi), and performed immunohistochemical analyses to confirm BVDV infection. Viral antigens were detected in the spleens of all infected mice from days 4 through 14 and were also found in the mesenteric lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), heart, kidney, intestine, and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of some infected mice. In ncp BVDV2-infected mice, flow cytometric analysis revealed markedly fewer CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and lower expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-A/I-E) than those in ncp BVDV1-infected mice. Production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was higher in the plasma of ncp BVDV2-infected mice than that in that of ncp BVDV1-infected mice. Our results demonstrate that ncp BVDV1 and ncp BVDV2 interact differently with the host innate immune response in vivo. These findings highlight an important distinction between ncp BVDV1 and ncp BVDV2 and suggest that ncp BVDV2 impairs the host's ability to control the infection and enhances virus dissemination.
authors.affiliation: College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Giyong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.affiliation: College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sol
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Jeonju Biomaterials Institute, Jeonju, 561-360, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Republic of Korea. kschoi3@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Seong
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D030242:Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D051379:Mice; D018182:Pestivirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral