title: Assessment of liposome disruption to quantify drug delivery in vitro.
abstract: Efficient liposome disruption inside the cells is a key for success with any type of drug delivery system. The efficacy of drug delivery is currently evaluated by direct visualization of labeled liposomes internalized by cells, not addressing objectively the release and distribution of the drug. Here, we propose a novel method to easily assess liposome disruption and drug release into the cytoplasm. We propose the encapsulation of the cationic dye Hoechst 34580 to detect an increase in blue fluorescence due to its specific binding to negatively charged DNA. For that, the dye needs to be released inside the cell and translocated to the nucleus. The present approach correlates the intensity of detected fluorescent dye with liposome disruption and consequently assesses drug delivery within the cells.
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eugénia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Célia F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loureiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.affiliation: CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preto
authors.affiliation: CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Electronic address: artur@deb.uminho.ptf.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavaco-Paulo
mesh_terms: D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; C572112:Hoechst 34580; D008081:Liposomes; D004247:DNA
keywords: DNA; Drug delivery; Hoechst 34580; In vitro methodology; Liposome disruption