title: Subclinical Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis and Newly Diagnosed Pancreatic Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that various cytokines may be important players in the development and progression of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied endothelial dysfunction and subclinical inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma and CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 patients were included in the present investigation, 27 with CP and 18 with PC. In addition, the study included 13 age- and body weight-matched healthy subjects served as controls. In all subjects, plasma adiponectin, TNF-alfa, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), E-selectin, thrombomodulin, adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM, and endothelin-1 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PC and CP patients as compared with controls had significantly greater plasma adiponectin (13,292 and 12,227 vs 5408 ng/ml; p < 0.0003), TNF-alfa (22.1 and 23.1 vs 13 pg/ml; p < 0.0002), and IL-6 (6.6 and 7.3 vs 3.3 pg/ml; p < 0.0001). Moreover, there was significantly higher concentration of ICAM (931 and 492 vs 290 ng/ml; p < 0.005) and VCAM (1511 and 1080 vs 840 ng/ml; p < 0.01) in PC and CP patients. When PC and CP patients with and without diabetes were considered separately, there was no difference in adiponectin, cytokines, and parameters of endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our data indicate that patients with CP and PC express high levels of several cytokines compared with healthy individuals, especially adiponectin, TNF-α and IL-6. Serum TNF-α and ICAM concentrations coordinately increase in advanced CP. Furthermore, especially in PC subjects, elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction are present. This study provides additional evidence that changes in inflammatory cytokine and adhesion molecules in PC and CP are not likely related to endocrine disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland. anita@sofcom.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-3721
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasiorowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talar-Wojnarowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaczka
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Czupryniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Małecka-Panas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Chronic pancreatitis; Cytokines; Inflammation; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma