title: [Cryptococcus where they are not expected: Five case reports of extra-cerebral and extra-pulmonary cryptococcosis].
abstract: Cryptococcosis is a serious infection, possibly lethal, of worldwide distribution. It mainly affects immunosuppressed patients resulting with pulmonary and/or meningeal involvements or disseminated infections. Due to the rarity of visceral and osseous infections, and to the absence of specific clinical symptoms, this diagnosis is often deferred. Resulting of diagnostic errors, samples are often directed to the department of pathology and more rarely to the department of mycology. Histopathological examination appears crucial, highlighting encapsulated yeasts with alcian blue staining. Once the diagnosis is performed, an appropriate antifungal therapy must be quickly introduced because these infections are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of our work was to report five extra-cerebral and extra-pulmonary cryptococcosis cases, to describe their histopathological features, to evoke diagnostic techniques and to discuss the differential diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Service de pathologie, AP-HP Lariboisière, 2, avenue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France; Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, AP-HP Lariboisière, 2, avenue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France. Electronic address: arnault.cazorla@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arnault
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazorla
authors.affiliation: Service de parasitologie-mycologie, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Unité de mycologie moléculaire, CNRS URA3012, Institut Pasteur, Centre national de référence mycoses invasives et antifongiques, 28, rue du Dr.-Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanio
authors.affiliation: Service de parasitologie-mycologie, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Unité de mycologie moléculaire, CNRS URA3012, Institut Pasteur, Centre national de référence mycoses invasives et antifongiques, 28, rue du Dr.-Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bretagne
authors.affiliation: Service de pathologie, AP-HP Lariboisière, 2, avenue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polivka
authors.affiliation: Service de pathologie, AP-HP Lariboisière, 2, avenue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaar-Chneker
authors.affiliation: Service de pathologie, AP-HP Lariboisière, 2, avenue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaci
authors.affiliation: Service de pathologie, AP-HP Lariboisière, 2, avenue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brouland
authors.affiliation: Unité d'histopathologie humaine et modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr.-Roux, 75724 Paris, France; Service de neuropathologie, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75475 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chrétien
authors.affiliation: Unité d'histopathologie humaine et modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr.-Roux, 75724 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jouvion
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015299:Discitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000150:complications; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Cryptococcus; Extra-cerebral; Extra-pulmonary; Extracérébral; Extrapulmonaire; Immunohistochemistry; Immunohistochimie