title: Perturbations in polar lipids, starvation survival and reproduction following exposure to unsaturated fatty acids or environmental toxicants in Daphnia magna.
abstract: Acclimating to toxicant stress is energy expensive. In laboratory toxicology tests dietary conditions are ideal, but not in natural environments where nutrient resources vary in quality and quantity. We compared the effects of additional lipid resources, docosahexaenoic acid (n-3; DHA) or linoleic acid (n-6; LA), or the effects of the toxicants, atrazine or triclosan on post-treatment starvation survival, reproduction, and lipid profiles. Chemical exposure prior to starvation had chemical-specific effects as DHA showed moderately beneficial effects on starvation survival and all of the other chemicals showed adverse effects on either survival or reproduction. Surprisingly, pre-exposure to triclosan inhibits adult maturation and in turn completely blocks reproduction during the starvation phase. The two HR96 activators tested, atrazine and LA adversely reduce post-reproduction survival 70% during starvation and in turn show poor fecundity. DHA and LA show distinctly different lipid profiles as DHA primarily increases the percentage of large (>37 carbon) phosphatidylcholine (PC) species and LA primarily increases the percentage of smaller (<37 carbon) PC species. The toxicants atrazine and triclosan moderately perturb a large number of different phospholipids including several phosphatidylethanolamine species. Some of these polar lipid species may be biomarkers for diets rich in specific fatty acids or toxicant classes. Overall our data demonstrates that toxicants can perturb lipid utilization and storage in daphnids in a chemical specific manner, and different chemicals can produce distinct polar lipid profiles. In summary, biological effects caused by fatty acids and toxicants are associated with changes in the production and use of lipids.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.affiliation: Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA; Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson SC, 29634, USA. Electronic address: Baldwin@clemson.edu.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010743:Phospholipids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D014260:Triclosan; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Daphnia; Development; HR96; Lipid allocation; Lipid profiles; Metabolism