title: Surgical Techniques for Diaphragmatic Resection During Cytoreduction in Advanced or Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optimal cytoreduction is one the main factors improving survival outcomes in patients affected by ovarian cancer (OC). It is estimated that approximately 40% of OC patients have gross disease located on the diaphragm. However, no mature data evaluating outcomes of surgical techniques for the management of diaphragmatic carcinosis exist. In the present study, we aimed to estimate surgery-related morbidity of different surgical techniques for diaphragmatic cytoreduction in advanced or recurrent OC.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Clincaltrials.gov databases were searched for records estimating outcomes of diaphragmatic peritoneal stripping (DPS) or diaphragmatic full-thickness resection (DFTR) for OC. The meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Review software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the final analysis, 5 articles were available, including 272 patients. Diaphragmatic peritoneal stripping and DFTR were performed in 197 patients (72%) and 75 patients (28%), respectively. Pooled analysis suggested that the estimated pleural effusion rate was 43% and 51% after DPS and DFTR, respectively. The need for pleural punctures or chest tube placement was 4% and 9% after DPS and DFTR, respectively. The rate of postoperative pneumothorax (4% vs 9%; odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-2.08) and subdiaphragmatic abscess (3% vs 3%; odds ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-2.31) were similar after the execution of DPS and DFTR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diaphragmatic surgery is a crucial step during cytoreduction for advanced or recurrent OC. Obviously, the choice to perform DPS or DFTR depends on the infiltration of the diaphragmatic muscle or not. Both the procedures are associated with a low pulmonary complication and chest tube placement rates.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Gynecologic Oncology, IRCCS National Cancer Institute; and †Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogani
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ditto
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Domenica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chiappa
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donfrancesco
authors.forename: Violante
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Donato
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Indini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aletti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raspagliesi
mesh_terms: D065426:Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans