title: Androgen receptor and immune inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
abstract: Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are frequent diseases in middle-aged to elderly men worldwide. While both diseases are linked to abnormal growth of the prostate, the epidemiological and pathological features of these two prostate diseases are different. BPH nodules typically arise from the transitional zone, and, in contrast, PCa arises from the peripheral zone. Androgen deprivation therapy alone may not be sufficient to cure these two prostatic diseases due to its undesirable side effects. The alteration of androgen receptor-mediated inflammatory signals from infiltrating immune cells and prostate stromal/epithelial cells may play key roles in those unwanted events. Herein, this review will focus on the roles of androgen/androgen receptor signals in the inflammation-induced progression of BPH and PCa.
authors.affiliation: George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, & Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA ; Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy & Urology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, & Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, & Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA ; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chawnshang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: androgen receptor; benign prostate hyperplasia; immune inflammation; metastasis; prostate cancer