title: Oral cancer screening: serum Raman spectroscopic approach.
abstract: Serum Raman spectroscopy (RS) has previously shown potential in oral cancer diagnosis and recurrence prediction. To evaluate the potential of serum RS in oral cancer screening, premalignant and cancer-specific detection was explored in the present study using 328 subjects belonging to healthy controls, premalignant, disease controls, and oral cancer groups. Spectra were acquired using a Raman microprobe. Spectral findings suggest changes in amino acids, lipids, protein, DNA, and β-carotene across the groups. A patient-wise approach was employed for data analysis using principal component linear discriminant analysis. In the first step, the classification among premalignant, disease control (nonoral cancer), oral cancer, and normal samples was evaluated in binary classification models. Thereafter, two screening-friendly classification approaches were explored to further evaluate the clinical utility of serum RS: a single four-group model and normal versus abnormal followed by determining the type of abnormality model. Results demonstrate the feasibility of premalignant and specific cancer detection. The normal versus abnormal model yields better sensitivity and specificity rates of 64 and 80%; these rates are comparable to standard screening approaches. Prospectively, as the current screening procedure of visual inspection is useful mainly for high-risk populations, serum RS may serve as a useful adjunct for early and specific detection of oral precancers and cancer.
authors.affiliation: ACTREC-TMC, Chilakapati Lab, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
authors.forename: Aditi K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
authors.forename: Suyash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhoot
authors.affiliation: D. Y. Patil Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India.
authors.forename: Amandeep
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: ACTREC-TMC, Vaidya Laboratory, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
authors.forename: Sharada S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sawant
authors.affiliation: ACTREC-TMC, Chilakapati Lab, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
authors.forename: Nikhila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nandakumar
authors.affiliation: ACTREC-TMC, Chilakapati Lab, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talathi-Desai
authors.affiliation: D. Y. Patil Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India.
authors.forename: Mandavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garud
authors.affiliation: D. Y. Patil Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pagare
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeeva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Tata Memorial Center, Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Tata Memorial Center, Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: ACTREC-TMC, Chilakapati Lab, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murali Krishna
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor