title: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal stones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of urinary stone disease has shown a steep rise in recent decades along with marked modifications in dietary habits and life- style. There has been an increased prevalence of urinary stone disease in patients with diabetes. We took up this study to determine the association of diabetes mellitus with kidney stones in patients undergoing surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting with renal stones for surgical management formed the study group. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by noting the weight and height of the patient. The extracted stone/stone fragments were analyzed to determine the chemical composition. Urinary pH was similarly noted in all.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean BMI among the diabetics was 26.35 ± 5.20 (range 17.75-35.60), whereas the mean BMI among the non-diabetics was 23.41 ± 2.85 (range 17.71-31.62) (P < 0.0004). The incidence of uric acid calculi in the diabetics was significantly high (P < 0.03). The mean urinary pH among the diabetics was 5.61 ± 0.36 and among the non-diabetics was 6.87 ± 0.32, which was significantly lower (P < 0.000044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between type 2 diabetes and uric acid stone formation. There is also a strong association between diabetes mellitus, BMI, and also with lower urinary pH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, Karnatak University, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nerli
authors.affiliation: KLES Diabetes Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, KLE University, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jali
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, Karnatak University, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ajay Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Guntaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, Karnatak University, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Pravin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patne
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, Karnatak University, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shivagouda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Murigendra Basayya
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hiremath
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; renal stones; uric acid stones; urolithiasis