title: The effect of water suppression on the hepatic lipid quantification, as assessed by the LCModel, in a preclinical and clinical scenario.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of water suppression on the hepatic lipid quantification, using the LCModel.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR spectra with and without water suppression were acquired in the liver of mice at 4.7 T and patients at 3 T, and processed with the LCModel. The Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) values of the seven lipid resonances were determined to assess the impact of water suppression on hepatic lipid quantification. A paired t test was used for comparison between the CRLBs obtained with and without water suppression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the preclinical data, in the high (low) fat fraction subset an overall impairment in hepatic lipid quantification, i.e. an increase of CRLBs (no significant change of CRLBs) was observed in spectra acquired with water suppression. For the clinical data, there were no substantial changes in the CRLB with water suppression. Because (1) the water suppression does not overall improve the quantification of the lipid resonances and (2) the MR spectrum without water suppression is always acquired for fat fraction calculation, the optimal data-acquisition strategy for liver MRS is to acquire only the MR spectrum without water suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For quantification of hepatic lipid resonances, it is advantageous to perform MR spectroscopy without water suppression in a clinical and preclinical scenario (at moderate fields).
authors.affiliation: LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France. amandine.coum@gmail.com.|INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France. amandine.coum@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coum
authors.affiliation: LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.|INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noury
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiologie, CHU de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bannier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U991, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Begriche
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U991, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fromenty
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiologie, CHU de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gandon
authors.affiliation: LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.|INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.|CRLCC, Centre Eugène Marquis, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saint-Jalmes
authors.affiliation: LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.|INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambarota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water
keywords: 1H-MRS; Lipids; Liver; Quantification; Water suppression