title: Activated carbon doped with biogenic manganese oxides for the removal of indigo carmine.
abstract: Indigo carmine (IC) is one of the oldest, most important, and highly toxic dyes which is released from the effluents of many industries and results in serious pollution in water. In this study, the biogenic Mn oxides were activated by NaOH and then heated for 3 h at 350 °C to produce activated carbon doped with Mn oxide (Bio-MnOx-C), which were produced by culturing Mn (II)-oxidizing bacterial strain MnI7-9 in liquid A medium at 28 °C with 10 mmol/L MnCl2. Bio-MnOx-C was characterized by SEM, TEM, IR, XPS, XRD, etc. It contained C, O, and Mn which comprised Mn (IV) and Mn (III) valence states at a ratio of 3.81:1. It had poorly crystalline ε-MnO2 with a specific surface area of 130.94 m(2)/g. A total of 0.1 g Bio-MnOx-C could remove 45.95 g IC from 500 mg/L IC solution after 0.5 h contact time. IC removal by Bio-MnOx-C included a rapid oxidation reaction and the removal reaction followed second-order kinetic equation. These results confirmed that Bio-MnOx-C could be a potential material for wastewater remediation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: yichen_hu1989@163.com.
authors.forename: Yichen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: chenxiao460@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: 438774289@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: gejiao@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gejiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: liaosj@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuijiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007203:Indigo Carmine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal; C027424:manganese oxide; D007203:Indigo Carmine; C025340:manganese chloride
keywords: Activated carbon; Adsorption; Biogenic Mn oxides; Degradation; Indigo carmine; Mn (II)-Oxidizing bacterial strain MnI7-9