title: Pelvic pain after childbirth: a longitudinal population study.
abstract: In this longitudinal population study, the aims were to study associations of mode of delivery with new onset of pelvic pain and changes in pelvic pain scores up to 7 to 18 months after childbirth. We included 20,248 participants enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (1999-2008) without preexisting pelvic pain in pregnancy. Data were obtained by 4 self-administered questionnaires and linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. A total of 4.5% of the women reported new onset of pelvic pain 0 to 3 months postpartum. Compared to unassisted vaginal delivery, operative vaginal delivery was associated with increased odds of pelvic pain (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.59). Planned and emergency cesarean deliveries were associated with reduced odds of pelvic pain (adjusted OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.31-0.74 and adjusted OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49-0.87, respectively). Planned cesarean delivery, young maternal age, and low Symptom Checklist-8 scores were associated with low pelvic pain scores after childbirth. A history of pain was the only factor associated with increased pelvic pain scores over time (P = 0.047). We conclude that new onset of pelvic pain after childbirth was not commonly reported, particularly following cesarean delivery. Overall, pelvic pain scores were rather low at all time points and women with a history of pain reported increased pelvic pain scores over time. Hence, clinicians should follow up women with pelvic pain after a difficult childbirth experience, particularly if they have a history of pain.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Division of Women and Children, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elisabeth Krefting
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bjelland
authors.forename: Katrine Mari
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Owe
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pingel
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kristiansson
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vangen
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberhard-Gran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D036801:Parturition; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D055815:Young Adult