title: Efficacy of Conversational Hypnosis and Propofol in Reducing Adverse Effects of Endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As pain and nausea is usually associated with endoscopy procedure, its management is important to alleviate patients' anxious in this regard.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of conversational hypnosis in reducing anxiety and endoscopy-related complications as well as its role in increasing the satisfaction of patients exposed to endoscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants of upper GI endoscopy procedure were randomly assigned to an experiment group (with conversational hypnosis intervention, n = 93) and a control group (n = 47). The participants' hemodynamic indexes (HR, blood pressure, pulse oximetry), anxiety, satisfaction level, and complications resulted from the procedure were monitored and included in the self-administered questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the participants in experiment group had a significant reduction of anxiety in the posttest. The adverse side effects such as vomiting, nausea, and hiccups in the experimental group was less than the control group, though this difference was not significant (P = 0.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that conversational hypnosis technique could reduce anxiety as well as the sedation process in invasive procedures such as endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izanloo
authors.affiliation: Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Trobat Branch, Trobat, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izanloo
authors.affiliation: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vosooghinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashemian
authors.affiliation: Hasheminejad Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayyed Majid
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sadrzadeh
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghaffarzadehgan
keywords: Anxiety; Endoscopy; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hypnosis; Propofol