title: Cardiac GR and MR: From Development to Pathology.
abstract: The efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism in the treatment of certain patients with heart failure has highlighted the pivotal role of aldosterone and MR in heart disease. The glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) is also expressed in heart, but the role of cardiac GR had received much less attention until recently. GR and MR are highly homologous in both structure and function, although not in cellular readout. Recent evidence in animal models has uncovered a tonic role for GC action via GR in cardiomyocytes in prevention of heart disease. Here, we review this evidence and the implications for a balance between GR and MR activation in the early life maturation of the heart and its subsequent health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Current address: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Batchen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Denvir
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK. Electronic address: Karen.Chapman@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid
keywords: 11β-HSD; Corticosteroids; glucocorticoid receptor; heart; mineralocorticoid receptor