title: Adenovirus species C detection in children under four years of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower respiratory tract viral infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Among viral etiological agents the human Adenovirus (AdV) has been associated to mild or severe respiratory tract infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To detect the presence of human Adenovirus (AdV) in children with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing, describing their clinical features and determining Adenovirus species and AdV association to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Metapneumovirus (MPV) and Parainfluenza virus (PIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 155 children bellow 48 months of age with acute bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing were investigated for the presence of AdV, RSV, MPV and PIV in nasopharyngeal aspirate, by real-time PCR method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AdV, predominantly of species C, has been detected as the unique pathogen (AdVi) or in association to other pathogens (AdVa.), in 39/155 samples. Crackles were more frequent in children with AdV. RSVi was detected predominantly in children with acute bronchiolitis while AdVi and AdVa were detected more frequently in patients with recurrent wheezing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small outbreak of AdV species C was observed in 2012 and 2013. AdV was detected more frequently in children with recurrent wheezing while RSVi was more frequent in infants with acute bronchiolitis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório do Nucleo de Apoio a Criança e ao Adolescente do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosângela Prendin
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tórtora
authors.affiliation: Laboratório do Nucleo de Apoio a Criança e ao Adolescente do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; Depto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil. Electronic address: maamguimaraes@globo.com.
authors.forename: Maria Angélica Arpon Marandino
authors.initials: MAAM
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Laboratório do Nucleo de Apoio a Criança e ao Adolescente do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Magalhães
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório do Nucleo de Apoio a Criança e ao Adolescente do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Brazil; Depto de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabela Arruda
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil; Depto de Microbiologia, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Brandão
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Varella
authors.affiliation: Depto de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Fátima Pombo March
authors.affiliation: Laboratório do Nucleo de Apoio a Criança e ao Adolescente do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Brazil; Depto de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Jose Ledo Alves
authors.initials: AJLA
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório do Nucleo de Apoio a Criança e ao Adolescente do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, UFRJ, Brazil; Depto de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clemax Couto
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sant' Anna
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001990:Bronchiolitis, Viral / Q000821:virology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012008:Recurrence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Acute bronchiolitis; Children under 48 months of age; Human Adenovirus species C; Real time PCR; Recurrent wheezing