title: A Metabolomic Approach To Detect Effects of Salmon Farming on Wild Saithe (Pollachius virens) Populations.
abstract: A metabolomics approach was used to analyze effects of salmon farming on wild saithe (Pollachius virens) populations. Saithe fish were captured at two salmon farms and at two control locations around the island of Hitra, Norway. Changes in diet seem to drive changes in metabolic status of fishes. The liver and muscle tissues, from the fishes captured around the farm, showed higher levels of lactate and certain amino acids (glutamine, glutamate, and alanine) and lower levels of glucose and choline than the fishes captured in the control locations, far from the farm locations. The higher levels of lactate and amino acids could be related to the facility of obtaining food around the farm and the deficit in choline to the deficit of this nutrient in the salmon feed. At each location the fish were captured with either benthic gill nets and automatic jigging machines, and this feature showed also variations in different metabolites.
authors.forename: Frutos C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Maruhenda Egea
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA) , Tungasletta 2, 7485 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toledo-Guedes
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Jerez
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ibanco-Cañete
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA) , Tungasletta 2, 7485 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingebrit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uglem
authors.affiliation: Nofima AS, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , 9291 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn-Steinar
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Saether
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D048388:Gadiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009664:Norway; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012474:Salmon / Q000254:growth & development*; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D002794:Choline
keywords: NMR; aquaculture; aquafeed; chemometric; fish populations; metabolites