title: Monitoring the respiratory rate by miniature motion sensors in premature infants: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing respiratory rate (RR) monitors suffer from inaccuracy. The study assesses the accuracy of a novel modality that monitors lung ventilation with miniature motion sensors.
  
  
  METHODS
  RR was measured by three methods: impedance technology, motion sensors and visual count, in babies (n=9) that breathed spontaneously or with respiratory support and babies (n=12) that received high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A line close to equality (slope=0.96, r(2)=0.83) was obtained between the motion sensor and the visual count of the RR with narrow 95% limits of agreements (<14.0 b.p.m.). The relationship between the impedance and the visual count showed a lower correlation (r(2)=0.65) and wider 95% limits of agreements (21.4 b.p.m.). The motion sensor- and the ventilator-determined RRs demonstrated a good agreement during HFOV, whereas the impedance failed to measure the RR during HFOV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring RR with motion sensors is more accurate compared with the impedance, in infants, in all ventilation modes.
authors.affiliation: Pneumedicare, Yokneam, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.|Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waisman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pesin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faingersh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Mayer Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Klotzman
authors.affiliation: Pneumedicare, Yokneam, Israel.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hirshberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.|Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotschild
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landesberg
mesh_terms: D019719:Diagnostic Equipment; D061827:Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D056152:Respiratory Rate