title: Multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction based on a polymeric ionic liquid with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of steroid sex hormones in water and urine.
abstract: The development of a simple and sensitive analytical approach that combines multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction with liquid desorption followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection is proposed for the determination of trace levels of seven steroid sex hormones (estriol, 17β-estradiol, testosterone, ethinylestradiol, estrone, progesterone and mestranol) in water and urine matrices. To extract the target analytes effectively, multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction based on a polymeric ionic liquid was used to concentrate hormones. Several key extraction parameters including desorption solvent, extraction and desorption time, pH value and ionic strength in sample matrix were investigated in detail. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the limits of detection were found to be in the range of 0.027-0.12 μg/L. The linear range was 0.10-200 μg/L for 17β-estradiol, 0.25-200 μg/L estriol, ethinylestradiol and estrone, and 0.50-200 μg/L for the other hormones. Satisfactory linearities were achieved for analytes with the correlation coefficients above 0.99. Acceptable method reproducibility was achieved by evaluating the repeatability and intermediate precision with relative standard deviations of both less than 8%. The enrichment factors ranged from 54- to 74-fold. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of steroid sex hormones in environmental water samples and human urines with spiking recoveries ranged from 75.6 to 116%.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Haonan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cuiqin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Environmental water; Monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction; Polymeric ionic liquids; Steroid sex hormones; Urine