title: Analytical Devices Based on Direct Synthesis of DNA on Paper.
abstract: This paper addresses a growing need in clinical diagnostics for parallel, multiplex analysis of biomarkers from small biological samples. It describes a new procedure for assembling arrays of ssDNA and proteins on paper. This method starts with the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides covalently linked to paper and proceeds to assemble microzones of DNA-conjugated paper into arrays capable of simultaneously capturing DNA, DNA-conjugated protein antigens, and DNA-conjugated antibodies. The synthesis of ssDNA oligonucleotides on paper is convenient and effective with 32% of the oligonucleotides cleaved and eluted from the paper substrate being full-length by HPLC for a 32-mer. These ssDNA arrays can be used to detect fluorophore-linked DNA oligonucleotides in solution, and as the basis for DNA-directed assembly of arrays of DNA-conjugated capture antibodies on paper, detect protein antigens by sandwich ELISAs. Paper-anchored ssDNA arrays with different sequences can be used to assemble paper-based devices capable of detecting DNA and antibodies in the same device and enable simple microfluidic paper-based devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Glavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Firat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Güder
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: Chao-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Whitesides
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004247:DNA / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010209:Paper
chemical_list: D004247:DNA