title: The reliability of a heat acclimation state test prescribed from metabolic heat production intensities.
abstract: Acclimation state indicates an individual's phenotypic response to a thermally stressful environment, where changes in heat dissipation capacity are determined during a heat acclimation state test (HAST). Variations in thermoregulatory and sudomotor function are reported while exercising at intensities relative to maximal oxygen uptake. This inter-individual variation is not true when intensity is prescribed to elicit a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (Ḣprod). This study investigated the reliability of peak Tre and two composite measures (sweat gain and sweat setpoint) derived from indices of thermosensitivity during a HAST prescribed from Ḣprod intensities. Fourteen participants (mean±SD; age 23±3 years, stature 174±7cm, body mass 75.0±9.4kg, body surface area 1.9±0.1m(2), peak oxygen consumption [V̇O2peak] 3.49±0.53Lmin(-1)) completed a lactate threshold-V̇O2peak test and two duplicate Ḣprod HASTs on a cycle ergometer. The HAST consisted of three, 30-min periods of exercise at fixed Ḣprod intensities relative to body mass (3, 4.5 and 6Wkg(-1)), within hot dry conditions (44.7±1.8°C and 18.1±4.7% relative humidity). Peak Tre (38.20±0.36 vs. 38.16±0.42°C, p=0.54), sweat setpoint (36.76±0.34 and 36.79±0.38°C, p=0.68) and sweat gain (0.37±0.14 and 0.40±0.18gs(-1)°C(-1), p=0.40) did not differ between HASTs. Typical error of measurement (TEM), coefficient variation (CV) and intra-class coefficient of correlation (ICC) were 0.19°C, 0.5% and 0.80 for peak Tre, 0.21°C, 0.6% and 0.65 for sweat setpoint and 0.09gs(-1)°C(-1), 28% and 0.68 for sweat gain, respectively. The use of fixed Ḣprod intensities relative to body mass is a reliable method for measuring Tre and ascertaining sweat setpoint during a HAST, whereas, sweat gain displays greater variability. A Ḣprod HAST appears sufficiently reliable for quantifying heat acclimation state, where TEM in peak Tre and sweat setpoint are small enough to identify physiologically meaningful improvements post-intervention.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK. Electronic address: A.Willmott@brighton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A G B
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Willmott
authors.affiliation: Centre of Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Centre of Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekerle
authors.affiliation: Centre of Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Welkin House, Denton Road, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013546:Sweating; D022722:Thermogenesis
keywords: Heat acclimation; Heat acclimation state; Heat;; Metabolic heat production; Reliability; Thermosensitivity