title: Cochlear sensitivity in children with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory system abnormalities commonly occur in patients with chronic renal disease and end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cochlear sensitivity and hemodialysis in dialytic and non-dialytic chronic kidney disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included children aged 6-18 years that were divided into 3 groups: 36 non-dialytic patients with chronic kidney disease, 16 end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 30 healthy controls. Blood urea nitrogen, serum cystatin C levels, duration of chronic kidney disease, and the duration of hemodialysis were compared between the chronic kidney disease patients and end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hearing health was measured via tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios were significantly lower at all frequencies tested in the non-dialytic and dialytic groups than in the control group (p<0.05). Patients with normal hearing had significantly lower distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios than the healthy controls (p<0.05). The duration of CKD, the cystatin C level, and the blood urea level were not associated with hearing loss. The present findings suggest that there was a significant association between the duration of HD and hearing loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings show that there was impaired cochlear function in the dialytic and non-dialytic patient groups, regardless of hearing loss, as compared to the control group. Patients with chronic renal disease-both dialytic and non-dialytic-should be monitored to prevent any further deterioration by avoiding potential ototoxic agents, even if their hearing thresholds are within normal limits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: rahimeg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rahime
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ömer Tarık
authors.initials: ÖT
authors.lastname: Selçuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eyigör
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Deniz
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Üstün
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Osma
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Hearing loss; Hemodialysis; Otoacoustic emissions