title: Methods for quantifying tongue shape and complexity using ultrasound imaging.
abstract: Quantification of tongue shape is potentially useful for indexing articulatory strategies arising from intervention, therapy and development. Tongue shape complexity is a parameter that can be used to reflect regional functional independence of the tongue musculature. This paper considers three different shape quantification methods - based on Procrustes analysis, curvature inflections and Fourier coefficients - and uses a linear discriminant analysis to test how well each method is able to classify tongue shapes from different phonemes. Test data are taken from six native speakers of American English producing 15 phoneme types. Results classify tongue shapes accurately when combined across quantification methods. These methods hold promise for extending the use of ultrasound in clinical assessments of speech deficits.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, City University of New York Graduate Center , New York , NY , USA.|b Haskins Laboratories , New Haven , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: b Haskins Laboratories , New Haven , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tiede
authors.affiliation: a Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, City University of New York Graduate Center , New York , NY , USA.|b Haskins Laboratories , New Haven , CT , USA.|c Department of Linguistics, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Articulation; complexity; speech production measurement; tongue shape; ultrasound