title: Pharmacokinetics and safety of cyclophosphamide and docetaxel in a hemodialysis patient with early stage breast cancer: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standardized chemotherapy used in cancer patients with severe kidney insufficiency is ineffective. Although there are some pharmacokinetic studies on cyclophosphamide in kidney insufficiency patients, to the best of our knowledge, the pharmacokinetics and safety of combination of cyclophosphamide and docetaxel as postoperative chemotherapy in a patient with early stage breast cancer undergoing hemodialysis is unclear thus far.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient received regular TC regimen (cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, docetaxel 75 mg/m2). She underwent hemodialysis 48 h after chemotherapy. Blood samples at multiple time-points were collected for determination of plasma levels of cyclophosphamide and docetaxel. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that compared with the reference data, the in vivo half-life (66.96 h) and drug exposure (150%) of cyclophosphamide significantly increased; however, pharmacokinetic parameters of docetaxel was unaffected. Patient developed grade I thrombocytopenia and grade III leukopenia without any other severe adverse reactions. In total, four cycles of treatment were completed. After the chemotherapy, the patient received tamoxifen as endocrine therapy for one and a half years. No recurrence was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the standard TC regimen is mostly safe and could be used as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for hemodialysis patients with early stage breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. yangliuqq2003@163.com.|Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China. yangliuqq2003@163.com.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. zhangxiaochen74@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. yushufeng2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Su-feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. zhuhuaqing2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. huaiping2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Ai-ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. cj21_0503@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China. zyyy_sp@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D043823:Taxoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D003520:Cyclophosphamide