title: Impact of vocal cord ultrasonography on endocrine surgery practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is common practice to perform flexible laryngoscopy (FL) to ensure true vocal cord (TVC) mobility in patients with previous neck operations or patients with suspected VC dysfunction. Vocal cord ultrasonography (VCUS) is accurate in identifying TVC paralysis. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of VCUS as the initial study to confirm TVC mobility in patients requiring preoperative FL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 194 consecutive patients with indications for preoperative FL underwent VCUS. In group 1, 52 patients had FL regardless of the results of VCUS, whereas in group 2, 142 patients had VCUS followed by FL only when VCUS was unsatisfactory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VCUS visualized TVC/arytenoids in 164 of 194 (85%) patients. TVC visualization was more common in women (95%) and in patients without thyroid cartilage calcification (92%) (P < .0005). VCUS predicted all paralyzed TVC. In group 2, 76% of patients had adequate VCUS and avoided preoperative FL. Among 24% of patients in whom VCUS was inadequate, 16 had preoperative FL attributable to a lack of TVC visualization, 6 had abnormal TVC mobility, 11 needed additional confirmations, and 2 had previous FL for another reason.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCUS changed surgeon practices by avoiding the need for preoperative FL in the majority of patients. This noninvasive and sensitive method demonstrates TVC mobility and safely precludes preoperative FL in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Electronic address: carneiro@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carneiro-Pla
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
authors.forename: Carmen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Solorzano
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013507:Endocrine Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult