title: Diagnostic reliability of the cervical vertebral maturation method and standing height in the identification of the mandibular growth spurt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the capability of both cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages 3 and 4 (CS3-4 interval) and the peak in standing height to identify the mandibular growth spurt throughout diagnostic reliability analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A previous longitudinal data set derived from 24 untreated growing subjects (15 females and nine males,) detailed elsewhere were reanalyzed. Mandibular growth was defined as annual increments in Condylion (Co)-Gnathion (Gn) (total mandibular length) and Co-Gonion Intersection (Goi) (ramus height) and their arithmetic mean (mean mandibular growth [mMG]). Subsequently, individual annual increments in standing height, Co-Gn, Co-Goi, and mMG were arranged according to annual age intervals, with the first and last intervals defined as 7-8 years and 15-16 years, respectively. An analysis was performed to establish the diagnostic reliability of the CS3-4 interval or the peak in standing height in the identification of the maximum individual increments of each Co-Gn, Co-Goi, and mMG measurement at each annual age interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CS3-4 and standing height peak show similar but variable accuracy across annual age intervals, registering values between 0.61 (standing height peak, Co-Gn) and 0.95 (standing height peak and CS3-4, mMG). Generally, satisfactory diagnostic reliability was seen when the mandibular growth spurt was identified on the basis of the Co-Goi and mMG increments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both CVM interval CS3-4 and peak in standing height may be used in routine clinical practice to enhance efficiency of treatments requiring identification of the mandibular growth spurt.
authors.affiliation: a  Research Fellow, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perinetti
authors.affiliation: b  Assistant Professor, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Contardo
authors.affiliation: c  Professor, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaldo
authors.affiliation: d  Thomas M. and Doris Graber Endowed Professor of Dentistry Emeritus, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Professor Emeritus of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine; Research Professor Emeritus, Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; and Private Practice, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.affiliation: e  Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D002508:Cephalometry; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Accuracy; Cervical vertebrae; Diagnosis; Mandibular growth; Orthodontics; Standing height