title: Isolation and Characterization of Madariaga Virus from a Horse in Paraíba State, Brazil.
abstract: Madariaga virus (MADV), the new species designation for the South American isolates of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), is genetically divergent and substantially different in ecology and pathogenesis from North American EEEV strains. We isolated and characterized a MADV isolate obtained from a horse in Brazil. Our results support previous phylogenetic studies showing there are three genetically distinct MADV lineages. The MADV isolate from Paraíba State belongs to the South American lineage III and is closely related to Peruvian, Colombian and Venezuelan isolates.
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Bolsista DCR/FAPEAM, Manaus, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L C R
authors.initials: MLCR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.|Departments of Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Auguste
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C B
authors.initials: ACB
authors.lastname: Terzian
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vedovello
authors.affiliation: Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riet-Correa
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Bolsista DCR/FAPEAM, Manaus, Brazil.
authors.forename: V M K
authors.initials: VMK
authors.lastname: Macário
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Bolsista DCR/FAPEAM, Manaus, Brazil.
authors.forename: M P G
authors.initials: MPG
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.|Departments of Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.affiliation: Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Bolsista DCR/FAPEAM, Manaus, Brazil.|Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-2419
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nogueira
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D001938:Brazil; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004663:Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004683:Encephalomyelitis, Equine / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D051379:Mice; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Alphavirus; Madariaga virus; arboviruses; eastern equine encephalitis virus; horse