title: Molecular diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in uruguay.
abstract: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) affects bovine production and reproduction causing significant economic losses all over the world. Two viral species has been recognized: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, both distributed worldwide. Recently, novel specie of BVDV named HoBi-like pestivirus was discovered. The presence of BVDV was confirmed in 1996 in Uruguay, however, does not exist until today a schedule of compulsory vaccination along the country. Serological studies with samples from all Uruguayan herds were performed during 2000 and 2001 demonstrating that all of them were seropositive to BVDV with a mean prevalence of 69%. In addition, there have been no new studies done since those previously described and it is important to mention that the genetic diversity of BVD has never been described in Uruguay. Nowadays, there is strongly suspect that BVDV is one of the most important causes of reproductive failures in our herds. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time in Uruguay the genetic diversity of BVDV with samples collected from different regions along the country. Serological status of 390 non-vaccinated animals against BVDV with reproductive problems from farms of Rivera, Tacuarembó and Florida departments of Uruguay were studied. All herds were seropositive to BVDV and high proportion of animals were positive (298/390), while 4.1% (16/390) of the animals were positive to Antigen Capture ELISA test and Real Time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis performed with concatenated sequences from the 5'UTR and Npro genomic regions revealed that BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are infecting our herds, being BVDV-1 the most frequently found. The major subtype was BVDV-1a, followed by BVDV-1i and BVDV-2b. This is the first study that describes the genetic diversity of BVDV in Uruguay and it will contribute to the elaboration of sanitization programs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.affiliation: Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puentes
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios Santa Elena-VIRBAC, Av. Millán 4175, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reolón
authors.affiliation: Laboratorios Santa Elena-VIRBAC, Av. Millán 4175, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acuña
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, CP 70.000, Casilla De Correo, 39173, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riet
authors.affiliation: DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Laboratorio Regional Noroeste, Casilla De Correo 57.037. CP 60.000, Paysandú, Uruguay.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cristina
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay. rodneycolina1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colina
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000821:virology*; D002417:Cattle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D014583:Uruguay; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; C507353:Npro protein, bovine viral diarrhea virus; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins