title: A proteomic approach for the rapid, multi-informative and reliable identification of blood.
abstract: Blood evidence is frequently encountered at the scene of violent crimes and can provide valuable intelligence in the forensic investigation of serious offences. Because many of the current enhancement methods used by crime scene investigators are presumptive, the visualisation of blood is not always reliable nor does it bear additional information. In the work presented here, two methods employing a shotgun bottom up proteomic approach for the detection of blood are reported; the developed protocols employ both an in solution digestion method and a recently proposed procedure involving immobilization of trypsin on hydrophobin Vmh2 coated MALDI sample plate. The methods are complementary as whilst one yields more identifiable proteins (as biomolecular signatures), the other is extremely rapid (5 minutes). Additionally, data demonstrate the opportunity to discriminate blood provenance even when two different blood sources are present in a mixture. This approach is also suitable for old bloodstains which had been previously chemically enhanced, as experiments conducted on a 9-year-old bloodstain deposited on a ceramic tile demonstrate.
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street S1 1WB, Sheffield, UK. s.francese@shu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cicatiello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deininger
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Clench
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Langenburg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francese
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D001801:Blood Stains; D002648:Child; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D059748:Proteolysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors