title: Challenging Regeneration to Transform Medicine.
abstract: The aging population in the U.S. and other developed countries has led to a large increase in the number of patients suffering from degenerative diseases. Transplantation surgery has been a successful therapeutic option for certain patients; however, the availability of suitable donor organs and tissues significantly limits the number of patients who can benefit from this approach. Regenerative medicine has witnessed numerous recent and spectacular advances, making the repair or replacement of dysfunctional organs and tissues an achievable goal. Public-private partnerships and government policies and incentives would further catalyze the development of universally available donor tissues, resulting in broad medical and economic benefits. This article describes a Regenerative Medicine Grand Challenge that the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine recently shared with the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy in response to a White House call to action in scientific disciplines suggesting that the development of "universal donor tissues" should be designated as a Regenerative Medicine Grand Challenge. Such a designation would raise national awareness of the potential of regenerative medicine to address the unmet needs of many diseases and would stimulate the scientific partnerships and investments in technology needed to expedite this goal. Here we outline key policy changes and technological challenges that must be addressed to achieve the promise of a major breakthrough in the treatment of degenerative disease. A nationalized effort and commitment to develop universal donor tissues could realize this goal within 10 years and along the way result in significant innovation in manufacturing technologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regenerative therapies, in which dysfunctional or degenerating cells, tissues, or organs are repaired or replaced, have the potential to cure chronic degenerative diseases. Such treatments are limited by a shortage of donor organs and tissues and the need for immune suppression to prevent rejection. This article proposes a 21st Century Grand Challenge that would address this significant medical need by coordinating a national effort to convene the multidisciplinary expertise needed to manufacture functional and engraftable cells, tissues, or organs that could be made available to any patient without significant risk of rejection-so-called universal donor tissues.
authors.affiliation: StemCells, Inc., Newark, California, USA Ann.Tsukamoto@stemcellsinc.com.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.affiliation: Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Stewart E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Abbot
authors.affiliation: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kadyk
authors.affiliation: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.affiliation: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Whittlesey
authors.affiliation: Holland & Knight, Washington, D.C., USA Alliance for Regenerative Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology