title: Plasma Prekallikrein Is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: The hypothesis that plasma prekallikrein (PK) is a risk factor for the development of vascular complications was assessed in a study using the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology and Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes. The circulating levels of plasma PK activity were measured in the plasma of 636 subjects with type 1 diabetes (EDIC years 3-5). Common and internal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by B-mode ultrasonography in EDIC years 1 and 6. Plasma PK levels were positively and significantly associated with BMI, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides but not with age, sex, duration of diabetes, or HDL cholesterol. Univariate and multivariable statistical models after controlling for other risk factors consistently demonstrated a positive association between plasma PK and progression of internal carotid IMT. Multivariate analysis using a general linear model showed plasma PK to be significantly associated with progression of both internal and combined IMT (Wilks Λ P value of 0.005). In addition, the mean internal carotid IMT levels were higher in subjects with plasma PK levels in the highest 10th percentile compared with subjects with plasma PK levels in the lower 10th percentile (P = 0.048). These novel findings implicate plasma PK as a risk factor for vascular disease in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Miran A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jaffa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luttrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Alvin H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schmaier
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Virella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Luttrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon aj24@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Ayad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jaffa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011288:Prekallikrein / Q000032:analysis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D011288:Prekallikrein; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human