title: Antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia obtained in different seasons.
abstract: The herbaceous shrub Tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recently, a study showed that T. riparia essential oil (TrEO) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. This study evaluated the activity of the TrEO obtained in different seasons against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. The compounds in the TrEO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; terpenoids were present and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the majority compounds (55.28%). The cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were also tested after TrEO treatment. The TrEO from all seasons showed a 50% growth inhibitory concentration for promastigotes of about 15 ng/mL; at 30 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL, the TrEO reduced intracellular amastigote infection, independently of season. The TrEO from plants harvested in summer had the highest 50% cytotoxic concentration, 1,476 ng/mL for J774.A1 macrophages, and in spring (90.94 ng/mL) for murine macrophages. NO production did not change in samples of the TrEO from different seasons. The antileishmanial effect in vivo consisted of a reduction of the parasite load in the spleen. These results suggest that the TrEO has potential effects on L. (L.) amazonensis, consonant with its traditional use to treat parasitic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bruna Muller
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Tatiane França Perles
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sara Negrão
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Izabel Galhardo
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Demarchi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniele Stefani Lopes
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Raíssa Bocchi
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pedroso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Diogenes Aparício
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.affiliation: Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Zilda Cristiani
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Gazim
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sandra Mara Alessi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Aristides
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thais Gomes Verzignassi
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria Valdrinez Campana
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lonardoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000469:parasitology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059208:Parasite Load; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D013154:Spleen / Q000469:parasitology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide