title: The in Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of PDT against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria.
abstract: Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is caused by biofilms with a mixed microbial etiology and involves the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. A rising number of studies investigate the clinical potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct during active therapy. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the available literature for the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy focusing on the periodontopathogenic bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The focused question was: "Is it possible to decrease (at least 3 log steps or 99.9%) or even eliminate bacterial growth by photodynamic therapy in vitro when compared to untreated control groups or control groups treated by placebo?" In general, PDT resulted in a substantial reduction of surviving bacteria. However, not all studies showed the desired reduction or elimination. The ranges of log10-reduction were 0.38 (58%) to a complete eradication (100%) for P. gingivalis, 0.21 (39%) to 100% for A. actinomycetemcomitans and 0.3 (50%) to 100% for F. nucleatum. In conclusion, further and particularly more comparable studies are needed to evaluate if PDT can be clinically successful as an adjuvant in periodontal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Zahnarztpraxis an der Murg, Metzgerstrasse 1, Frauenfeld CH 8500, Switzerland. haag@zahnarztpraxis-murg.ch.
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.affiliation: Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zürich CH 8032, Switzerland. valerie.steiger@zzm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Steiger-Ronay
authors.affiliation: Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zürich CH 8032, Switzerland. patrick.schmidlin@zzm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: PDT; antimicrobial activity; in vitro; periodontitis; photodynamic therapy