title: What influences availability of medicines for the community management of childhood illnesses in central Uganda? Implications for scaling up the integrated community case management programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) of childhood illnesses strategy has been adopted world over to reduce child related ill health and mortality. Community Health workers (CHWs) who implement this strategy need a regular supply of drugs to effectively treat children under 5 years with malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea. In this paper, we report the prevalence and factors influencing availability of medicines for managing malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea in communities in central Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was conducted among 303 CHWs in Wakiso district in central Uganda. Eligible CHWs from two randomly selected Health Sub Districts (HSDs) were interviewed. Questionnaires, check lists, record reviews were used to collect information on CHW background characteristics, CHW's prescription behaviors, health system support factors and availability of iCCM drugs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess factors associated with availability of iCCM drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 300 CHWs, 239 (79.9%) were females and mean age was 42.1 (standard deviation =11.1 years). The prevalence of iCCM drug availability was 8.3% and 33 respondents (11%) had no drugs at all. Factors associated with iCCM drug availability were; being supervised within the last month (adjusted OR = 3.70, 95% CI 1.22-11.24), appropriate drug prescriptions (adjusted OR = 3.71, 95% CI 1.38-9.96), regular submission of drug reports (adjusted OR = 4.02, 95% CI 1.62-10.10) and having a respiratory timer as a diagnostic tool (adjusted OR =3.11, 95% CI 1.08-9.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low medicine stocks for the community management of childhood illnesses calls for strengthening of CHW supervision, medicine prescription and reporting, and increasing availability of functional diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. jbagonza@musph.ac.ug.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bagonza
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. ellie@musph.ac.ug.
authors.forename: Elizeus
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rutebemberwa
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. EckmannsT@rki.de.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eckmanns
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. ekky@musph.ac.ug.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekirapa-Kiracho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019090:Case Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003150:Community Health Workers / Q000458:organization & administration; D062309:Community Integration; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs