title: Resident Role Modeling: "It Just Happens".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Role modeling by staff physicians is a significant component of the clinical teaching of students and residents. However, the importance of resident role modeling has only recently emerged, and residents' understanding of themselves as role models has yet to be explored. This study sought to understand residents' perceptions of themselves as role models, describe how residents learn about role modeling, and identify ways to improve resident role modeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen semistructured interviews were conducted with residents in internal medicine, general surgery, and pediatrics at the McGill University Faculty of Medicine between April and September 2013. Interviews were audio-recorded and subsequently transcribed for analysis; iterative analysis followed principles of qualitative description.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four primary themes were identified through data analysis: residents perceived role modeling as the demonstration of "good" behaviors in the clinical context; residents believed that learning from their role modeling "just happens" as long as learners are "watching"; residents did not equate role modeling with being a role model; and residents learned about role modeling from watching their positive and negative role models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While residents were aware that students and junior colleagues learned from their modeling, they were often not aware of role modeling as it was occurring; they also believed that learning from role modeling "just happens" and did not always see themselves as role models. Helping residents view effective role modeling as a deliberate process rather than something that "just happens" may improve clinical teaching across the continuum of medical education.
authors.affiliation: R. Sternszus is pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. M.E. Macdonald is assistant professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, and core faculty member, Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Y. Steinert is professor of family medicine and director, Centre for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sternszus
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Steinert
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D010819:Physician's Role; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012649:Self Concept