title: Disparities in colorectal cancer incidence among Latino subpopulations in California defined by country of origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In California, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Latinos. Using data from the California Cancer Registry, we investigated demographic and clinical characteristics of 36,133 Latinos with CRC living in California during 1995-2011 taking into account subpopulations defined by country of origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were defined as Latino according to the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Hispanic Identification Algorithm, which was also used to group cases by country of origin: Mexico (9,678, 27 %), Central or South America (2,636, 7 %), Cuban (558, 2 %), Puerto Rico (295, 1 %), and other or unknown origin (22,966, 64 %; Other/NOS). 174,710 non-Hispanic white (NHW) CRC cases were included for comparison purposes. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were observed for age at diagnosis, sex distribution, socioeconomic status (SES), nativity (US born vs. foreign born), stage, and tumor localization across Latino subpopulations and compared to NHW. Mexican Latinos had the lowest AAIR and Cuban Latinos had the highest. PIRs adjusted for age, SES, and nativity showed an excess of CRC males and female cases from Cuba, female cases from Puerto Rico and reduced number of female cases from Mexico.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in cancer incidence patterns and tumor characteristics were observed among Latino subpopulations in California. These disparities may reflect differences in cancer determinants among Latinos; therefore, given that country of origin information is unavailable for a large proportion of these patients, greater efforts to collect these data are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. marianas@usc.edu.|Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. marianas@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Mariana C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Room 5421A, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.|Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deapen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002489:Central America / Q000208:ethnology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology*; D003462:Cuba / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D013020:South America / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: California; Colorectal cancer; Hispanics; Latinos