title: A new titinopathy: Childhood-juvenile onset Emery-Dreifuss-like phenotype without cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the genetic defects present in 3 families with muscular dystrophy, contractures, and calpain 3 deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed targeted exome sequencing on one patient presenting a deficiency in calpain 3 on Western blot but for which mutations in the gene had been excluded. The identification of a homozygous truncating mutation in the M-line part of titin prompted us to sequence this region in 2 additional patients presenting similar clinical and biochemical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 patients shared similar features: coexistence of limb-girdle weakness and early-onset diffuse joint contractures without cardiomyopathy. The biopsies showed rimmed vacuoles, a dystrophic pattern, and secondary reduction in calpain 3. We identified a novel homozygous mutation in the exon Mex3 of the TTN gene in the first patient. At protein level, this mutation introduces a stop codon at the level of Mex3. Interestingly, we identified truncating mutations in both alleles in the same region of the TTN gene in patients from 2 additional families. Molecular protein analyses confirm loss of the C-ter part of titin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study broadens the phenotype of titinopathies with the report of a new clinical entity with prominent contractures and no cardiac abnormality and where the recessive mutations lead to truncation of the M-line titin and secondary calpain 3 deficiency.
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Cid
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Rabah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben Yaou
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Carinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roudaut
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charton
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baulande
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leturcq
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Norma Beatriz
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malfatti
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beuvin
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vihola
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Criqui
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nectoux
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Laurène
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ben Aim
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caloustian
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olaso
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Udd
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Gisèle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonne
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eymard
authors.affiliation: From INSERM (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), U951; Généthon (R.D.C., C.R., K.C., I.R.), R&D Department, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Evry; Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute (N.B.R., M.B.), and INSERM UMRS_974, CNRS FRE 3617, Center of Research in Myology (R.B.Y., F.L., N.B.R., E.M., M.B., I.N., G.B.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, and AP-HP, University Hospital, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Myology Institute (R.B.Y., N.B.R., E.M., B.E.), Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Génopole Campus 2 (S.B., A.C.), PartnerChip, Evry; the Department of Medical Genetics (F.L., A.V., B.U.), Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland; AP-HP (J.N.), Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris; CEA-IG-Centre National de Genotypage (L.B.A., C.C., R.O.), Evry; Neuromuscular Research Center (B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; and the Department of Neurology (B.U.), Vaasa Central Hospital, Finland. R.D.C. is currently affiliated with Disease Genomics Group, Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer, Campus de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain. richard@genethon.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies; D064211:Connectin / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020389:Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D064211:Connectin; C577285:TTN protein, human