title: In Vitro Fermentation of caprine milk oligosaccharides by bifidobacteria isolated from breast-fed infants.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the catabolism and fermentation of caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) by selected bifidobacteria isolated from 4 breast-fed infants. Seventeen bifidobacterial isolates consisting of 3 different species (Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum) were investigated. A CMO-enriched fraction (CMOF) (50% oligosaccharides, 10% galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 20% lactose, 10% glucose and 10% galactose) from caprine cheese whey was added to a growth medium as a sole source of fermentable carbohydrate. The inclusion of the CMOF was associated with increased bifidobacterial growth for all strains compared to glucose, lactose, GOS, inulin, oligofructose, 3'-sialyl-lactose and 6'-sialyl-lactose. Only one B. bifidum strain (AGR2166) was able to utilize the sialyl-CMO, 3'-sialyl-lactose and 6'-sialyl-lactose, as carbohydrate sources. The inclusion of CMOF increased the production of acetic and lactic acid (P < 0.001) after 36 h of anaerobic fermentation at 37 °C, when compared to other fermentable substrates. Two B. bifidum strains (AGR2166 and AGR2168) utilised CMO, contained in the CMOF, to a greater extent than B. breve or B. longum subsp longum isolates, and this increased CMO utilization was associated with enhanced sialidase activity. CMOF stimulated bifidobacterial growth when compared to other tested fermentable carbohydrates and also increased the consumption of mono- and disaccharides, such as galactose and lactose present in the CMOF. These findings indicate that the dietary consumption of CMO may stimulate the growth and metabolism of intestinal Bifidobacteria spp. including B. bifidum typically found in the large intestine of breast-fed infants.
authors.affiliation: a Food Nutrition & Health Team; Food and Bio-based Products Group; AgResearch Grasslands ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.|b Riddet Institute; Massey University ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thum
authors.affiliation: a Food Nutrition & Health Team; Food and Bio-based Products Group; AgResearch Grasslands ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.|b Riddet Institute; Massey University ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.|c Gravida; National Centre for Growth and Development; The University of Auckland ; Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: b Riddet Institute; Massey University ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.|d Director of Research Office; AgResearch Grasslands ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Warren C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McNabb
authors.affiliation: a Food Nutrition & Health Team; Food and Bio-based Products Group; AgResearch Grasslands ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Don E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Otter
authors.affiliation: b Riddet Institute; Massey University ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.|e Food Assurance & Meat Quality Team; Food and Bio-based Products Group; Hopkirk Institute ; Palmerston North , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cookson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003470:Culture Media; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009844:Oligosaccharides
keywords: Bifidobacteria; Bifidobacterial exo-α-sialidase; Caprine milk oligosaccharides; Infant formula; Prebiotic; Sialyl-oligosaccharide