title: Beyond Psoriasis: Novel Uses for Biologic Response Modifiers in Pediatric Dermatology.
abstract: Dermatologists have witnessed the increasing availability of novel biologic response modifiers for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in recent years. The most common dermatologic indication for the use of biologic response modifiers in adults is psoriasis, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved any of these agents for use in any dermatologic disease in children with the exception of omalizumab, and as such, use in this population is considered off-label. In this review, we focus on the use of these agents in children to treat inflammatory skin diseases other than psoriasis, including atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, with an emphasis on the use of etanercept, infliximab, rituximab, omalizumab, and ustekinumab. By highlighting novel uses of these agents, particularly for the treatment of dermatologic conditions for which optimal therapies are yet to be established, we hope to raise awareness of the potential use of this class of medications to treat inflammatory skin diseases in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.|Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellodi-Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.|Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.|Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kara N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-9541
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003880:Dermatology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010372:Pediatrics; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors