title: Translation and validation of the Farsi version of the Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM-Farsi) in individuals with spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM) evaluates participation outcomes associated with wheelchair use. While English and French versions of this measure have shown appropriate psychometric properties, it is not clear whether this measure is valid and reliable when used in a culture significantly different from the western culture.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish validity and reliability for the WhOM-Farsi.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a forward-backward translation using the International Quality of Life Assessment process, the WhOM-Farsi was administered to 75 Farsi speakers with spinal cord injury. The WhOM-Farsi was administered on two occasions to examine test-retest reliability. Two therapists rated the measure to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Construct validity was assessed by measuring associations between scores of the WhOM-Farsi, the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12), the Beck Depression Index (BDI-II) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater reliability for all scores was 0.99. For test-retest, the ICC was 0.91, 0.94 and 0.83 for Sat, Imp × Sat and body function, respectively. As hypothesized the scores were positively correlated with the SF-12 and SCIM-III scores and negatively correlated with the BDI-II scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results illustrated there is evidence to support the validity and reliability of the WhOM-Farsi scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Samaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alimohammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: sh.parvaneh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parvaneh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Setareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghahari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Brain and Spinal Injury Repair, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hooshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saberi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mir Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yekaninejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D003469:Culture; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; D007492:Iran; D007802:Language; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries; D014177:Translations; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Outcome measurement; Psychometric properties; Spinal cord injury; Wheelchairs