title: A critical overview of the current myofascial pain literature - October 2015.
abstract: The number of publications about myofascial pain and trigger points (TrP) seems to increase every year. In the current overview we include 27 articles published in past months. The Basic Review section includes articles about the presence and characteristics of TrPs in various neck and shoulder muscles, the correlation between referred pain from active TrPs and knee osteoarthritis, and an anatomical study exploring whether the location of TrPs may be related to the nerve innervation of muscles. Zuil-Escobar and colleagues from Spain considered the intra-rater reliability of the identification of latent TrPs in several leg muscles and the possible correlation of TrP and the presence of a lower medial longitudinal arch. In the section on manual approaches, contributing author Rob Grieve and colleagues continue their studies of TrPs in the lower extremity muscles, while Méndez-Rebolledo and colleagues studied the impact of cross taping and compression. Dry needling (DN) continues to be a topic of interest. We included twelve papers addressing a wide range of topics, such as the effectiveness and safety of DN, and the impact of DN on proprioception, spasticity, and fibromyalgia. Two papers investigated the utilization of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and laser on TrPs, The final section on other clinical studies and reviews includes 8 papers. The studies originated in thirteen different countries with Spain leading the charts with 7 contributions to the literature, followed by Brazil with four. As we have mentioned in previous editions of this literature overview, many studies suffer from very small sample sizes, which makes it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, myofascial pain continues to be a topic of interest to researchers and clinicians around the globe.
authors.affiliation: Bethesda Physiocare, Bethesda, MD, USA; Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD, USA; PhysioFitness, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: dommerholt@myopainseminars.com.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dommerholt
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Blackberry Hill, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Rob.Grieve@uwe.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grieve
authors.affiliation: New Orleans Pelicans, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: trhooks@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hooks
authors.affiliation: Bethesda Physiocare, Bethesda, MD, USA; Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: mbfpt77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Layton
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D053591:Referred Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology; D064746:Therapy, Soft Tissue / Q000379:methods*; D061028:Trigger Points / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Dry needling; Manual therapy; Myofascial pain syndrome; Reviews; Trigger points