title: Is Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Prediction by Software Accurate?
abstract: The authors assessed whether virtual surgery, performed with a soft tissue prediction program, could correctly simulate the actual surgical outcome, focusing on soft tissue movement. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) data for 29 patients, who had undergone orthognathic surgery, were obtained and analyzed using the Simplant Pro software. The program made a predicted soft tissue image (A) based on presurgical CT data. After the operation, we obtained actual postoperative CT data and an actual soft tissue image (B) was generated. Finally, the 2 images (A and B) were superimposed and analyzed differences between the A and B. Results were grouped in 2 classes: absolute values and vector values. In the absolute values, the left mouth corner was the most significant error point (2.36 mm). The right mouth corner (2.28 mm), labrale inferius (2.08 mm), and the pogonion (2.03 mm) also had significant errors. In vector values, prediction of the right-left side had a left-sided tendency, the superior-inferior had a superior tendency, and the anterior-posterior showed an anterior tendency. As a result, with this program, the position of points tended to be located more left, anterior, and superior than the "real" situation. There is a need to improve the prediction accuracy for soft tissue images. Such software is particularly valuable in predicting craniofacial soft tissues landmarks, such as the pronasale. With this software, landmark positions were most inaccurate in terms of anterior-posterior predictions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Uk
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jongrak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003198:Computer Simulation; D061827:Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D063172:Genioplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012984:Software / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014584:User-Computer Interface