title: Analysis of Dietary Pattern Impact on Weight Status for Personalised Nutrition through On-Line Advice: The Food4Me Spanish Cohort.
abstract: Obesity prevalence is increasing. The management of this condition requires a detailed analysis of the global risk factors in order to develop personalised advice. This study is aimed to identify current dietary patterns and habits in Spanish population interested in personalised nutrition and investigate associations with weight status. Self-reported dietary and anthropometrical data from the Spanish participants in the Food4Me study, were used in a multidimensional exploratory analysis to define specific dietary profiles. Two opposing factors were obtained according to food groups' intake: Factor 1 characterised by a more frequent consumption of traditionally considered unhealthy foods; and Factor 2, where the consumption of "Mediterranean diet" foods was prevalent. Factor 1 showed a direct relationship with BMI (β = 0.226; r² = 0.259; p < 0.001), while the association with Factor 2 was inverse (β = -0.037; r² = 0.230; p = 0.348). A total of four categories were defined (Prudent, Healthy, Western, and Compensatory) through classification of the sample in higher or lower adherence to each factor and combining the possibilities. Western and Compensatory dietary patterns, which were characterized by high-density foods consumption, showed positive associations with overweight prevalence. Further analysis showed that prevention of overweight must focus on limiting the intake of known deleterious foods rather than exclusively enhance healthy products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain. rsan.1@alumni.unav.es.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: San-Cristobal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain. snavas@unav.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. snavas@unav.es.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. carlos.celis@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis-Morales
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. lorraine.brennan@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. marianne.walsh@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AA, UK. j.a.lovegrove@reading.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Unit, ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munich 85354, Germany. hannelore.daniel@tum.de.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands. w.saris@hb.unimaas.nl.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: National Food &amp; Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw 02-903, Poland. itraczyk@izz.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Iwonna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Traczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece. manios@hua.gr.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. eileen.gibney@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Eileen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. mike.gibney@ucd.ie.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. john.mathers@newcastle.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: dietary habits; dietary pattern; obesity; personalised nutrition