title: Current management of glaucoma and vascular occlusive disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article summarizes recent findings pertaining to advancements in the treatment of glaucomas secondary to vascular occlusive disease to maximize visual outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal ischemia leads to a local increase in transcription of proteins responsible for aberrant angiogenesis and subsequent neovascular glaucoma. Antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is helpful in the management of this condition. Although bevacizumab and ranibizumab offer relatively short-term effects, preliminary studies suggest that aflibercept may allow for longer term treatment. Preoperative anti-VEGF injection therapy improves outcomes after trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage implant surgeries. The treatments for vascular occlusive disease may lead to intraocular pressure elevation and subsequent glaucoma. Aflibercept appears to be a safer agent in this regard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt diagnosis and management of glaucomas associated with vascular occlusive disease are required to allow for the best possible outcome. Novel anti-VEGF agents, particularly aflibercept, should be strongly considered in the management of these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aref
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004691:Endarterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015355:Glaucoma, Neovascular / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A