title: Assessment of microalbuminuria and albumin creatinine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the levels of urine microalbumin, urine albumin creatinine ratio, plasma creatinine and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetic patients and assessed the correlation between microalbuminuria and plasma creatinine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review study was conducted at Department of Clinical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during August to December 2014. The study included 100 male and female patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and excluding patients with type 1 DM. Medical history and biochemical laboratory data were obtained from medical records and from biochemistry laboratory database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase in mean level of plasma creatinine (138 μmol/L), urine microalbuminuria (240 mg/L), albumin creatinine ratio (82) and HbA1c (8.7%) was observed among type 2 DM patients. Moderate positive correlation was observed between microalbuminuria and urine albumin creatinine ratio (r = 0.509 P = 0.0006) and between urine albumin creatinine ratio and plasma creatinine (r = 0.553 P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that type 2 DM patients who are at risk of developing renal impairment must be regularly monitored for microalbuminuria, urine albumin creatinine ratio, and HbA1c levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tarig
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rashed Ahmed R
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Alniwaider
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abdel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fattah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al Tamimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Methodology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shoeb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qureshi
keywords: Albumin creatinine ratio; diabetes mellitus type 2; microalbuminuria