title: Is serum Klotho protective against atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Klotho deficiency is associated with several metabolic disorders. Two dimensional (2D) longitudinal strain (LS) of left ventricle (LV), carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) have been reported to be early predictors of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum Klotho levels and these early predictors of atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 45 type 1 diabetic patients and 35 controls. Serum Klotho levels were determined by ELISA method. The patient group was also divided into two subgroups according to serum Klotho levels: high (HK) and low Klotho (LK) groups. EFT, CIMT and FMD were measured according to appropriate recommendations. Speckle tracking analysis was performed using the Echopac software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient group had significantly lower serum Klotho (p=0.001), FMD (p<0.001) and LS of LV (p<0.001) values, but larger EFT (p<0.001) and CIMT (p<0.001) values than controls. LK subgroup had also significantly lower FMD (p<0.001) and LS of LV (p<0.001) but larger EFT (p=0.002) and CIMT (p<0.001) values than HK subgroup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum Klotho may have a protective effect against atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in type 1 DM.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drnursenkeles@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Nursen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Family Physicians, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.affiliation: Iskilip Atif Hoca State Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Corum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Macit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalcik
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.affiliation: Eyup Government Hospital Neurology Clinics, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necibe Nur
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Feyza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Kartal Kosuyolu Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kostek
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isbilen
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguz
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000097:blood*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D008297:Male; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010496:Pericardium; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Diabetes mellitus type 1; Epicardial fat thickness; Flow mediated dilation; Klotho