title: Acute Toxicity of Water-Accommodated Fraction and Chemically Enhanced WAF of Bunker C Oil and Dispersant to a Microalga Tetraselmis tetrathele.
abstract: This study assessed the toxicity of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of bunker C oil and dispersant (DISP) to a microalga, Tetraselmis tetrathele. The 72-h median effective concentration (72-h EC50) of CEWAF and DISP were determined at 3.30% and 2.40%, respectively. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of CEWAF to T. tetrathele was at 2.0% and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was at 3.0% while NOEC and LOEC of DISP to T. tetrathele were determined at 1.0% and 2.0%, respectively. The addition of dispersant to oil increased the amount of total PAH present in the CEWAF test solutions. DISP alone was highly toxic, and the toxicity of CEWAF was primarily caused by the presence of dispersant.
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences and Oil Spill Response Program, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines. ssantander@seafdec.org.ph.|Aquaculture Department/Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. ssantander@seafdec.org.ph.
authors.forename: Sheryll S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Santander-Avanceña
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences and Oil Spill Response Program, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines.
authors.forename: Resurreccion B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sadaba
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences and Oil Spill Response Program, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines.|Iloilo Science and Technology University, Lapaz, Iloilo City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Hilario S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Taberna
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences and Oil Spill Response Program, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines.
authors.forename: Gilma T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Tayo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries, Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D008055:Lipids; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010578:Petroleum; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Acute toxicity test; Chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF); Dispersant; Tetraselmis tetrathele; Water-accommodated fraction (WAF)