title: Other primary systemic cancers in patients with melanoma: Analysis of balanced acral and nonacral melanomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although other primary systemic cancers in patients with melanoma have been studied, there have been few focusing on acral melanomas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed other primary systemic cancers in patients with acral and nonacral melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed other primary cancers in 452 patients with melanoma from 1994 to 2013. Metachronous cancers were defined as those given a diagnosis more than 2 months after diagnosis of melanoma. The others were considered prechronous or synchronous cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 51 cases of other primary cancers, gastrointestinal cancer (35.3%, n = 18/51) was the most common, followed by thyroid (17.6%), lung (11.8%), and breast (5.9%). Those were more prevalent in the acral melanoma group (12.8%, n = 31/243) compared with the nonacral melanoma group (9.6%, n = 20/209). Of 23 cases of metachronous cancer, the risk was the highest in bone marrow, followed by oral cavity, bladder, colon, lung, and thyroid. Among 28 cases of prechronous or synchronous cancers, gastrointestinal tract (35.7%, n = 10/28) was the most common site, followed by thyroid (17.9%), breast (10.7%), and lung (7.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study is limited by a small number of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful follow-up and imaging studies are necessary for early detection of other primary cancers and metastatic lesions in patients with melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea. Electronic address: sjyun@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soo Hyeon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Duk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sook Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009333:Neck; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D060726:Torso; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: acral melanoma; metachronous cancer; nonacral melanoma; other primary systemic cancer; prechronous or synchronous