title: Evidence-Based Pharmacologic Therapies for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Application of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Methodology.
abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic complication of extreme preterm birth. The authors applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to pharmacologic therapies found to prevent BPD. Caffeine and vitamin A are the only medications shown in high-quality studies to prevent BPD without the risk of clinically important adverse effects. Dexamethasone is effective for the prevention of BPD; but for many infants, the increased risks of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal perforation, and cerebral palsy outweigh this benefit. Several medications are currently under investigation for the prevention of BPD, but few are novel agents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Erik A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Foglia
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: barbara.schmidt@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000453:epidemiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D002110:Caffeine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D017963:Azithromycin
keywords: Azithromycin; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Caffeine; Chronic lung disease; Dexamethasone; Vitamin A