title: The antecedents, forms and consequences of patient involvement: A narrative review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the centrality of patient involvement in the policy and rhetoric of health care, the theoretical and empirical basis for patient involvement is lacking at the micro-level of practice. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview and synthesize the current empirical research related to patient involvement at the micro-level of health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database search was conducted (in PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, EconLit and PsycINFO) for articles published between 1990 and April 2015 in the field of patient involvement in health care. Out of 4238 references, 214 articles were eligible for this review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed our sample using thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reviewed articles revealed nine themes for patient involvement, concerning enablers; empowerment, patient education, communication for involvement, staff training, service systems, types; decision making, delivery, development, and consequences of patient involvement. The themes were synthesized into a tentative model that described patient-involvement research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our narrative review includes a wide variety of empirical studies on patient involvement in decision-making, delivery and development, and provides an integrative perspective suggesting that patient involvement should be viewed not only as isolated activities, but also as a result of educating and preparing patients, staff and systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Industrial Engineering, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: hannah.snyder@liu.se.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and Industrial Engineering, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: jon.engstrom@liu.se.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engström
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D012648:Self Care
keywords: Narrative review; Patient empowerment; Patient involvement; Patient participation; Self-management; Shared decision making