title: Entomological studies of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Al Rabta, North West of Libya.
abstract: Al Rabta in the North-West of Libya is a rural area where cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic for long time. Few reports are available on sand flies in this area which is an important focus of CL. Therefore, this study aimed at updating the species composition, and monthly fluctuation of sand flies in this area. Sand flies were biweekly collected by CDC light traps from June to November 2012 and April to November 2013 in two villages, Al Rabta East (RE) and Al Rabta West (RW). Nine species (6 Phlebotomus and 3 Sergentomyia) were reported in the two villages. A total of 5605 and 5446 flies were collected of which Phlebotomus represented 59.30 and 56.63% in RE and RW, respectively. Sergentomyia minuta and Phlebotomus papatasi were the abundant species. Generally, more males were collected than females for all species. The overall ratios (males: females) for most of species were not deviated from the expected 1:1 ratio (Chi-squared, P>0.05). Sand fly abundance (fly/trap) is directly related to the temperature and RH (P<0. 01) while it inversely related to wind velocity (P>0.05). Flies were active from April to November with increased activity from June to October. Prominent peaks were in September and June. The abundance of P. papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti, vectors of CL (August-October) coincided with the reported higher numbers of CL cases (August- November). The obtained results could be important for the successful planning and implementation of leishmaniasis control programs.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Mostafa Ramahdan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dokhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamedkenawy85@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kenawy
authors.affiliation: Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
authors.forename: Said Abdallah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Doha
authors.affiliation: Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shabaan Said
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: El-Hosary
authors.affiliation: National Center of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tripoli, Libya; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Taher
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaibi
authors.affiliation: National Center of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tripoli, Libya; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Badereddin Bashir
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Annajar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004772:Entomology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D008002:Libya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000502:physiology*; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014887:Weather
keywords: Al Rabta; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Libya; Sand flies; Seasonal abundance; Species composition