title: Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in developing Ribes nigrum and Ribes rubrum seeds from gene expression to oil composition.
abstract: Oils with sufficient contents of fatty acids, which can be metabolized into precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, have potential health effects. Ribes sp. seed oil is rich in α-linolenic, γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids belonging to this fatty acid group. Only a few previous studies exist on Ribes sp. gene expression. We followed the seed oil biosynthesis of four Ribes nigrum and two Ribes rubrum cultivars at different developmental stages over 2 years in Southern and Northern Finland with a 686 km latitudinal difference. The species and the developmental stage were the most important factors causing differences in gene expression levels and oil composition. Differences between cultivars were detected in some cases, but year and location had only small effects. However, expression of the gene encoding Δ(9)-desaturase in R. nigrum was affected by location. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in Ribes sp. was distinctly buffered and typically followed a certain path, regardless of growth environment.
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: anssi.vuorinen@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Anssi L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vuorinen
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalpio
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisa M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Linderborg
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-88600 Sotkamo, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hoppula
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland.
authors.forename: Saila T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Karhu
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Baoru
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kallio
mesh_terms: D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry*; D005387:Finland; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D031965:Ribes / Q000235:genetics*; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014280:Triglycerides; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; C062895:stearidonic acid
keywords: Fatty acid analysis; Gene expression; Ribes nigrum; Ribes rubrum; Stearidonic acid; α-Linolenic acid; γ-Linolenic acid