title: Optimization of electrochemical reaction for nitrogen removal from biological secondary-treated milking centre wastewater.
abstract: In order to remove the residual nitrogen from the secondary-treated milking centre wastewater, the electrochemical reaction including NH4-N oxidation and NOx-N reduction has been known as a relatively simple technique. Through the present study, the electrochemical reactor using the Ti-coated IrO2 anode and stainless steel cathode was optimized for practical use on farm. The key operational parameters [electrode area (EA) (cm(2)/L), current density (CD) (A/cm(2)), electrolyte concentration (EC) (mg/L as NaCl), and reaction time (RT) (min)] were selected and their effects were evaluated using response surface methodology for the responses of nitrogen and colour removal efficiencies, and power consumption. The experimental design was followed for the central composite design as a fractional factorial design. As a result of the analysis of variance, the p-values of the second-order polynomial models for three responses were significantly fit to the empirical values. The nitrogen removal was significantly influenced by CD, EC, and RT (p < .05), whereas colour removal was significantly governed by EA, CD, RT, the interaction of EA and EC (p < .05). For higher efficiency of nitrogen removal over 90%, the combination of [EA, 20 cm(2)/L; CD, 0.044 A/cm(2); EC, 3.87 g/L as NaCl; RT, 240 min] was revealed as an optimal operational condition. The investigation on cathodic reduction of NOx-N may be required with respect to nitrite and nitrate separately as a future work.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Animal Resource Science , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: a Division of Animal Resource Science , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: a Division of Animal Resource Science , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea.|c Department of animal Science , Bangladesh Agricultural University , Mymensingh , Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Mukhlesur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: b National Institute of Animal Sciences , RDA , Suwon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwag
authors.affiliation: a Division of Animal Resource Science , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Six
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ra
mesh_terms: D003612:Dairying; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D016014:Linear Models; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Electrochemical reaction; current density; electrode area; electrolyte concentration; response surface methodology