title: Prediction of Charge Mobility in Amorphous Organic Materials through the Application of Hopping Theory.
abstract: The application of hopping theory to predict charge (hole) mobility in amorphous organic molecular materials is studied in detail. Application is made to amorphous cells of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenylene)-1,1'-diphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 1,1-bis-(4,4'-diethylaminophenyl)-4,4-diphenyl-1,3,butadinene (DEPB), N4,N4'-di(biphenyl-3-yl)-N4,N4'-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (mBPD), N1,N4-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N1,N4-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (NNP), and N,N'-bis[9,9-dimethyl-2-fluorenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (pFFA). Detailed analysis of the computation of each of the parameters in the equations for hopping rate is presented, including studies of their convergence with respect to various numerical approximations. Based on these convergence studies, the most robust methodology is then applied to investigate the dependence of mobility on such parameters as the monomer reorganization energy, the monomer-monomer coupling, and the material density. The results give insight into what will be required to improve the accuracy of predictions of mobility in amorphous organic materials, and what factors should be controlled to develop materials with higher (or lower) charge (hole) mobility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2875, United States.
authors.forename: Choongkeun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Central Research and Development, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. , Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0320, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waterland
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2875, United States.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sohlberg