title: Metronomic oral vinorelbine in advanced breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer: current status and future development.
abstract: Metronomic chemotherapy (mCT), a frequent administration of low-dose chemotherapy, allows prolonged treatment duration and minimizes the toxicity of standard-dose chemotherapy. mCT has multiple actions against cancer cells including inhibition of angiogenesis and modulation of the immune system. A number of studies lend support to the clinical efficacy of mCT in advanced breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. However, further evidence is necessary to describe the optimal use of mCT and to identify suitable patients. Oral vinorelbine has emerged as a promising metronomic treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer and is the only orally available microtubule-targeting agent. This paper reviews current evidence on metronomic oral vinorelbine, discusses its management and defines a suitable patient profile on the basis of a workshop of Italian experts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, AO San Gerardo, via Pergolesi 33, 20052 Monza (MB), Italy.
authors.forename: Marina E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Versilia Hospital & Istituto Toscano Tumori, 55041 Lido di Camaiore (LU), Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camerini
authors.affiliation: Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 80027 Frattamaggiore (NA), Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Addeo
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogenital & Head & Neck Cancer, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nolè
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munzone
authors.affiliation: Oncology Unit, AO Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano, 20025 Legnano (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Collovà
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria No. 5 - Friuli Occidentale, Presidio Ospedaliero di Pordenone, 33170 Pordenone, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Conte
authors.affiliation: Oncology Unit, Villa Scassi Hospital, ASL3-Genovese, 16149 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Manlio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mencoboni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papaldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Rovigo Hospital, ULSS18, 45100 Rovigo, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda per l'Assistenza Sanitaria No. 5 - Friuli Occidentale, Presidio Ospedaliero di Pordenone, 33170 Pordenone, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saracchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bocci
mesh_terms: D059250:Administration, Metronomic; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014747:Vinblastine; D000077235:Vinorelbine
keywords: NSCLC; breast cancer; metronomic chemotherapy; vinorelbine