title: Single and Multiple Ascending-dose Studies of Oral Delafloxacin: Effects of Food, Sex, and Age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this report is describe the results of 2 studies that examined the pharmacokinetic parameters, safety profile, and tolerability of single and multiple ascending doses of oral delafloxacin and the effects of food, sex, and age on oral delafloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters, safety profile, and tolerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first study contained 3 parts and used unformulated delafloxacin in a capsule. Part 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 mg) ascending-dose study of oral delafloxacin in healthy men. Part 2 was a single-dose crossover study in which 20 men received 250 mg delafloxacin with or without food. Part 2 also included a parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 16 women and 16 elderly men and women who were randomized (3:1) to receive 250 mg delafloxacin or placebo. Part 3 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple (100, 200, 400, 800, 1200 mg once daily for 5 days) ascending-dose study of oral delafloxacin in healthy men. The second study was a single-dose, randomized, 3-period crossover study in which participants received 900 mg delafloxacin (2 × 450-mg tablets) under fasted conditions, with a high-fat meal, or fasted with a high-fat meal 2 hours after dosing. Serial blood samples were collected, and plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of delafloxacin were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delafloxacin Cmax and AUC0-∞ increased with increasing oral dose over the dose range of 50 to 1600 mg. The increases in delafloxacin AUC0-∞ were dose proportional at doses of ≥200 mg. Steady state was reached by day 3 of dosing with minimal accumulation of delafloxacin. The Cmax of delafloxacin was decreased slightly in the presence of food. No sex difference in delafloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters was observed. In the elderly men and women, mean delafloxacin Cmax and AUC0-∞ were 35% higher than observed for young adults, which could be partially explained by a decrease in the creatinine clearance in the elderly men and women. Delafloxacin was well tolerated at the tested doses, with gastrointestinal adverse effects observed more commonly at doses ≥1200 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delafloxacin exhibits linear pharmacokinetic parameters that reached steady state after 3 days of daily oral dosing with minimal accumulation. Delafloxacin was well tolerated throughout both studies, with gastrointestinal effects observed at the higher doses (≥1200 mg).
authors.affiliation: Melinta Therapeutics Inc, Lincolnshire, Illinois.
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.affiliation: PPD, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: PPD, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.affiliation: Pharma Start LLC, Northbrook, Illinois.
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.affiliation: Melinta Therapeutics Inc, Lincolnshire, Illinois.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.affiliation: Melinta Therapeutics Inc, Lincolnshire, Illinois. Electronic address: scammarata@melinta.com.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cammarata
authors.affiliation: Melinta Therapeutics Inc, Lincolnshire, Illinois.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004041:Dietary Fats; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C477891:delafloxacin
keywords: delafloxacin; elderly; food; pharmacokinetics; sex; tolerability