title: Anti-biofilm and bactericidal effects of magnolia bark-derived magnolol and honokiol on Streptococcus mutans.
abstract: Dental caries affects people of all ages and is a worldwide health concern. Streptococcus mutans is a major cariogenic bacterium because of its ability to form biofilm and induce an acidic environment. In this study, the antibacterial activities of magnolol and honokiol, the main constituents of the bark of magnolia plants, toward planktonic cell and biofilm of S. mutans were examined and compared with those of chlorhexidine. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of magnolol, honokiol and chlorhexidine for S. mutans were 10, 10 and 0.25 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, each agent showed bactericidal activity against S. mutans planktonic cells and inhibited biofilm formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Magnolol (50 µg/mL) had greater bactericidal activity against S. mutans biofilm than honokiol (50 µg/mL) and chlorhexidine (500 µg/mL) at 5 min after exposure, while all showed scant activity against biofilm at 30 s. Furthermore; chlorhexidine (0.5-500 µg/mL) exhibited high cellular toxicity for the gingival epithelial cell line Ca9-22 at 1 hr, whereas magnolol (50 µg/mL) and honokiol (50 µg/mL) did not. Thus; it was found that magnolol has antimicrobial activities against planktonic and biofilm cells of S. mutans. Magnolol may be a candidate for prevention and management of dental caries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.|Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaue
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Domon
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima.
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima.
authors.forename: Yoshiyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okiji
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005881:Gingiva; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031566:Magnolia / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D017705:Lignans; D010936:Plant Extracts; C005498:magnolol; C005499:honokiol; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Streptococcus mutans; honokiol; magnolia bark; magnolol