title: Pathomorphological Analysis and Evaluation of Microcirculation in Polyps of the External Urethral Meatus in Women.
abstract: Combinations of various factors of polypogenesis determine the formation of a mixed structural phenotype of urethral polyps consisting of heterogeneous changes of the epithelium (hyperplasia, metaplasia, and erosions), inflammatory cell infiltration of the stroma, and dilatation of the venous plexus vessels. Urogenital infections are associated with the predominance of symptoms of inflammation, high serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, more extensive areas of inflammatory infiltration and subepithelial microvascular bed, predominance of hyperemic form of microcirculatory disorders. The combination of hyperplastic reactions of the epithelial layer with neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast proliferation in the subepithelial zone confirms the key role of dysregeneratory hyperplasia in the mechanisms of polypogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia. pathol@inbox.ru.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bakarev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Neimark
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lushnikova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pichigina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Yakovlev
mesh_terms: D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008593:Menopause; D008679:Metaplasia; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D045704:Mycoplasma genitalium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011127:Polyps / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: laser Doppler flowmetry; pathomorphology; ureaplasma; urethral polyp; urogenital infections