title: Gender differences in the prevalence and treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender differences exist in the presentation and outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Our study objective was to compare gender differences in prevalence, co-morbidities, and revascularization treatment in CAD patients with chronic total occlusions (CTOs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis using the Canadian Multicenter CTO Registry, which included 1,690 consecutive CTO patients identified at coronary angiography and a control group of 7,682 non-CTO patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of women in the CTO group was significantly lower compared to the control group (19% vs. 30%, P < 0.001). Within the overall CTO group, women were significantly older than men (70 ± 12 vs. 66 ± 11 years, P < 0.001) with more comorbidities, including hypertension and heart failure. Rates of PCI in the CTO group were similar between gender (10%), however, women with CTO were treated significantly less by CABG compared to men (19% vs. 27%, P = 0.003). Moreover, compared to male patients, significantly fewer women undergoing CABG had revascularization of the CTO artery (84% vs. 93%, P = 0.03). Multivariable analysis indicated that female gender (along with age, chronic renal failure, prior MI and cerebro-vascular disease) were independent predictors for not receiving CABG treatment for CTO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female gender differences exist in CTO patients with both lower prevalence of CTOs at angiography and lower revascularization rates of CTOs by CABG. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Cardiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fefer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Merril L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Knudtson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Asim N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: P Diane
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Galbraith
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sparkes
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Harindra C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wijeysundera
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bradley H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Strauss
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D054059:Coronary Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: coronary artery disease; gender; outcomes/studies; percutaneous coronary intervention