title: Effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng on immature neuroblasts in the adult olfactory bulb following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: The main active components extracted from Panax notoginseng are total saponins. They have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological behavior, decrease infarct volume and promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus and lateral ventricles. However, there is a lack of studies on whether total saponins of Panax notoginseng have potential benefits on immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb following ischemia and reperfusion. This study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion using four-vessel occlusion. Rats were administered total saponins of Panax notoginseng at 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes after ischemia then once a day, for either 7 or 14 days. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng enhanced the number of doublecortin (DCX)(+) neural progenitor cells and increased co-localization of DCX with neuronal nuclei and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding/DCX(+) neural progenitor cells in the olfactory bulb at 7 and 14 days post ischemia. These findings indicate that following global brain ischemia/reperfusion, total saponins of Panax notoginseng promote differentiation of DCX(+) cells expressing immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb and the underlying mechanism is related to the activation of the signaling pathway of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China ; Department of Anatomy, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Hua
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2068-8028
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; doublecortin; immature neurons; nerve regeneration; neural regeneration; neurogenesis; olfactory bulb; total saponins of Panax notoginseng