title: Mitigating effect of Indian propolis against mitomycin C induced bone marrow toxicity.
abstract: A major drawback with cancer chemotherapy is its severe toxic effects on non-target tissues. Assessment of natural products for their protective effect against anticancer drugs-induced toxicity is gaining importance in cancer biology. The present study was aimed at assessing the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of Indian propolis (HEIP) against mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Swiss albino mice were injected with various doses of HEIP (100, 200, 300, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg b. wt., i.p) 1 h prior to MMC (8 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The geno- and cyto-toxicities were evaluated in mice by performing bone marrow micronucleus and TUNEL assays. In vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays were carried out to understand the mechanism of the protective effects. The significant increase in the frequency of micronculeated cells (12.51 ± 0.48), apoptotic cells (23.43 ± 1.86) and reduction in P/N ratio (0.69 ± 0.04) compared with control indicated the potential geno- and cytotoxic effects of MMC in bone marrow. Pretreatment with HEIP resulted in the significant recovery of the toxic effects induced by MMC. HEIP at 400 mg/kg b. wt. was found to be the optimum dose imparting the maximum protective effects. The in vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays suggest that the extract possesses substantial free radical scavenging activities. In conclusion, HEIP possesses substantial geno- and cyto-protective properties against MMC, which could be mediated through efficient free radical scavenging and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of PG Studies and Research in Biosciences, Mangalore University, Managalagangothri, Karnataka, 574 199, India.
authors.forename: Prashantha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of PG Studies and Research in Biosciences, Mangalore University, Managalagangothri, Karnataka, 574 199, India.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Vishma
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Sujith Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Salian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Raviraj Anand
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Devkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Saleemulla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutalik
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India. guru.kalthur@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Guruprasad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalthur
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: Satish Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adiga
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Apoptosis; Genotoxicity; Micronucleus