title: Charge Regulation in the Electrical Double Layer: Ion Adsorption and Surface Interactions.
abstract: Charge regulation in the electrical double layer has important implications for ion adsorption, interparticle forces, colloidal stability, and deposition phenomena. Although charge regulation generally receives little attention, its consequences can be major, especially when considering interactions between unequally charged surfaces. The present article discusses common approaches to quantify such phenomena, especially within classical Poisson-Boltzmann theory, and pinpoints numerous situations where a consideration of charge regulation is essential. For the interpretation of interaction energy profiles, we advocate the use of the constant regulation approximation, which summarizes the surface properties in terms of two quantities, namely, the diffuse layer potential and the regulation parameter. This description also captures some pronounced regulation effects observed in the presence of multivalent ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva , Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trefalt
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States.
authors.forename: Sven Holger
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva , Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borkovec