title: A reusable electrochemical immunosensor fabricated using a temperature-responsive polymer for cancer biomarker proteins.
abstract: In the present study, we describe a reusable electrochemical immunosensor for the repeated detection of cancer biomarkers using a single platform. The integration of a temperature-responsive polymer on the electrode surface enables easy manipulation of the biological sensing interface (i.e., addition of biotin, streptavidin, and antibody), thus allowing for temperature-induced regeneration and disruption of the interface architecture of the electrode surface. Using our immunosensor, we demonstrate sequential amperometric detection of three tumor markers: CA125, CEA, and PSA. Interestingly, greatly amplified signals are achieved by immersing the immunosensor in a solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and antibody-labeled nanoparticles, resulting in a linear range of 0.0064 to 256 U/mL, 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL, and 10 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.007 U/mL, 0.7 pg/mL, and 0.9 pg/mL for CA125, CEA, and PSA, respectively. By alternating temperature, the immunosensor adsorbs and desorbs the biological elements without damage. Our proposed methodology can be expanded to measure other relevant biological species by repeated detection and thus has enormous potential for industrial and clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: New Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wooyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: New Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sooyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jae Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: New Experimental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, South Korea. Electronic address: yncho@ncc.re.kr.
authors.forename: Youngnam
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C451759:MUC16 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D006046:Gold; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: CA125; CEA; Cancer biomarker; Electrochemical immunosensor; PSA; Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)