title: Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses.
abstract: Elevated postprandial blood glucose levels constitute a global epidemic and a major risk factor for prediabetes and type II diabetes, but existing dietary methods for controlling them have limited efficacy. Here, we continuously monitored week-long glucose levels in an 800-person cohort, measured responses to 46,898 meals, and found high variability in the response to identical meals, suggesting that universal dietary recommendations may have limited utility. We devised a machine-learning algorithm that integrates blood parameters, dietary habits, anthropometrics, physical activity, and gut microbiota measured in this cohort and showed that it accurately predicts personalized postprandial glycemic response to real-life meals. We validated these predictions in an independent 100-person cohort. Finally, a blinded randomized controlled dietary intervention based on this algorithm resulted in significantly lower postprandial responses and consistent alterations to gut microbiota configuration. Together, our results suggest that personalized diets may successfully modify elevated postprandial blood glucose and its metabolic consequences. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeevi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korem
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Internal Medicine Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
authors.forename: Niv
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zmora
authors.affiliation: Day Care Unit and the Laboratory of Imaging and Brain Stimulation, Kfar Shaul Hospital, Jerusalem Center for Mental Health, Jerusalem 9106000, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Israeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rothschild
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Adina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ben-Yacov
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Dar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lador
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Avnit-Sagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotan-Pompan
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Jotham
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suez
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Jemal Ali
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matot
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malka
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosower
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Gili
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zilberman-Schapira
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dohnalová
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Meirav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pevsner-Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
authors.forename: Rony
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bikovsky
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; Digestive Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
authors.forename: Zamir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. Electronic address: eran.elinav@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elinav
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. Electronic address: eran.segal@weizmann.ac.il.
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000068997:Smartphone
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose