title: Wealth index and risk of childhood overweight and obesity: evidence from four prospective cohorts in Peru and Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence and risk of childhood overweight and obesity according to socioeconomic status in Peruvian and Vietnamese school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal data from the Young Lives study were analyzed. Exposure was wealth index in tertiles. Outcome was overweight and obesity. Cumulative incidence per 100 children-years, relative risks (RR), and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated. A hierarchical approach, including child- and family-related variables, was followed to construct multivariable models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity was 4.8 (95 % CI 4.1-5.5) and 1.7 (95 % CI 1.3-2.2) in the younger and older Peruvian cohort, respectively; and in Vietnam 1.5 (95 % CI 1.2-1.8) and 0.3 (95 % CI 0.2-0.5), respectively. The incidence of overweight and obesity was higher at the top wealth index tertile in all samples. In the older cohorts, comparing highest versus bottom wealth index tertile, RR of overweight and obesity was four to nine times higher: 4.25 in Peru (95 % CI 2.21-8.18) and 9.11 in Vietnam (95 % CI 1.07-77.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide important information for childhood obesity prevention in countries moving ahead with economic, epidemiological and nutritional transitions.
authors.affiliation: CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497, 2do Piso, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru.
authors.forename: Rodrigo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Larco
authors.affiliation: CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497, 2do Piso, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru. jaime.miranda@upch.pe.|Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. jaime.miranda@upch.pe.
authors.forename: J Jaime
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497, 2do Piso, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru.|Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernabé-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Developing countries; Pediatric obesity; Peru; Prospective studies; Social class; Vietnam