title: Applicability of the Sparse Temporal Acquisition Technique in Resting-State Brain Network Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability of sparse temporal acquisition to minimize the effect of scanner background noise is of utmost importance in auditory fMRI; however, it has considerably lower temporal efficiency and resolution than the conventional continuous acquisition method. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sparse sampling could be applied to resting-state research by comparing its results with those obtained by using continuous acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified resting-state networks by using independent component analysis and measured their functional connectivity strength in 14 healthy subjects who underwent two 6-minute sparse (60 volumes) and continuous (360 volumes) imaging sessions. To account for the sample size difference, an additional continuous dataset was generated by temporally matching the continuous dataset to 60 volumes of the sparse dataset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent resting-state network maps were produced through all 3 datasets. Scanner background noise did not appear to affect the spatial constitution of the networks, whereas a larger sample size influenced it substantially. The strength of the intranetwork connectivity was similar through the 3 datasets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that continuous acquisition is a recommended technique that should be applied in most of the resting-state studies due to its superior temporal efficiency and increased statistical power. The use of sparse temporal acquisition should be restricted to very particular conditions when continuous scanner noise is unacceptable.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science (N.Y.) Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.).
authors.forename: N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-2720
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakunina
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology (T.S.K.), Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.).
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (S.S.K.) Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.).
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology (E.C.N.), Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.) birdynec@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: E C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-6221
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult