title: Histological Development of the Immune Tissues of a Marsupial, the Red-Tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura).
abstract: Red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) pouch young at birth were relatively underdeveloped in comparison with their eutherian counterparts, and the lymphoid tissues of the immune system were found to be histologically immature. The phascogale thymus rapidly developed in the first few days of pouch life and was quickly populated with lymphocytes. By the end of pouch life, involution of the thymus was underway. The bone marrow started to develop in the early stage of pouch life, although adipocytes and megakaryocytes were not observed until slightly later. The liver was hematopoietic from birth and reached histological maturity toward the end of pouch life. The lymph nodes were difficult to detect macroscopically because of their small size, but were easily identified microscopically later in pouch life, particularly in the mesentery, and these lymph nodes exhibited germinal centers by the end of pouch life. The early spleen was predominately mesenchymal, but exhibited some erythropoiesis. Follicles with well-developed germinal centers were not observed until the latest stage of pouch life. Although intraepithelial lymphocytes were detected in the intestines early in pouch life, the discrete lymphoid aggregates and Peyer's patches characteristic of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) were not detected until later in pouch life. This is the first report of histological development in phascogale pouch young, as well as the first report of the thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes in this dasyurid species at any age.
authors.affiliation: Water and Wildlife Ecology, School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Casey R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Borthwick
authors.affiliation: Water and Wildlife Ecology, School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Old
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D007107:Immune System / Q000254:growth & development*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D008394:Marsupialia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
keywords: development; histology; immunity; lymphoid tissues; marsupial; phascogale