title: Does participation in art classes influence performance on two different cognitive tasks?
abstract: Effects of two mentally stimulating art interventions on processing speed and visuo-spatial cognition were compared in three samples.
  
  
  
  In a randomized 10-week art intervention study with a pre-post follow-up design, 113 adults (27 healthy older adults with subjective memory complaints, 50 healthy older adults and 36 healthy younger adults) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: visual art production or cognitive art evaluation, where the participants either produced or evaluated art. ANOVAs with repeated measures were computed to observe effects on the Symbol-Digit Test, and the Stick Test.
  
  
  
  Significant Time effects were found with regard to processing speed and visuo-spatial cognition. Additionally, there was found a significant Time × Sample interaction for processing speed. The effects proved robust after testing for education and adding sex as additional factor.
  
  
  
  Mental stimulation by participation in art classes leads to an improvement of processing speed and visuo-spatial cognition. Further investigation is required to improve understanding of the potential impact of art intervention on cognitive abilities across adulthood.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Psychogerontology , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany.|c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg , Erlangen , Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maihöfner
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , University Hospital Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany.|c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg , Erlangen , Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bolwerk
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Psychogerontology , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Frieder R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001154:Art; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Subjective memory complaints; mental stimulation; processing speed; visual arts; visuo-spatial cognition