title: Papain-Based Vaccination Modulates Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Cytokine Signals.
abstract: We have previously shown that immunization of outbred rodents with cysteine peptidases-based vaccine elicited type 2-biased immune responses associated with consistent and reproducible protection against challenge Schistosoma mansoni. We herein start to elucidate the molecular basis of C57BL/6 mouse resistance to S. mansoni following treatment with the cysteine peptidase, papain. We evaluated the early cytokine signals delivered by epidermal, dermal, and draining lymph node cells of naïve, and S. mansoni -infected mice treated 1 day earlier with 0 or 50 μg papain, or immunized twice with papain only (10 μg/mouse), papain-free recombinant S. mansoni glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 2-Cys peroxiredoxin peptide (10 and 15 μg/mouse, respectively = antigen Mix), or papain-adjuvanted antigen Mix. Schistosoma mansoni infection induced epidermal and lymph node cells to release type 1, type 2 and type 17 cytokines, known to counteract each other. Expectedly, humoral immune responses were negligible until patency. Papain pretreatment or papain-based vaccination diminished or shut off S. mansoni infection early induction of type 1, type 17 and type 2 cytokines except for thymic stromal lymphopoietin and programmed the immune system towards a polarized type 2 immune milieu, associated with highly significant (P < 0.005 - <0.0001) resistance to S. mansoni infection.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdel Aziz
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tallima
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El Ridi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020405:Dermis / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010206:Papain / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014612:Vaccines; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D010206:Papain