title: Induction of secondary metabolism of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 in the batch bioreactor cultures.
abstract: Cultivation of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 in a stirred tank bioreactor was performed to induce the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and provide the bioprocess-related insights into the metabolic capabilities of the investigated strain. The activation of biosynthetic routes was attempted by the diversification of process conditions and growth media. Several strategies were tested, including the addition of rapeseed oil or inulin, changing the concentration of nitrogen source, reduction of chlorine supply, cultivation under saline conditions, and using various aeration schemes. Fifteen secondary metabolites were identified in the course of the study by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, namely mevinolinic acid, 4a,5-dihydromevinolinic acid, 3α-hydroxy-3,5-dihydromonacolin L acid, terrein, aspulvinone E, dihydroisoflavipucine, (+)-geodin, (+)-bisdechlorogeodin, (+)-erdin, asterric acid, butyrolactone I, desmethylsulochrin, questin, sulochrin, and demethylasterric acid. The study also presents the collection of mass spectra that can serve as a resource for future experiments. The growth in a salt-rich environment turned out to be strongly inhibitory for secondary metabolism and the formation of dense and compact pellets was observed. Generally, the addition of inulin, reducing the oxygen supply, and increasing the content of nitrogen source did not enhance the production of examined molecules. The most successful strategy involved the addition of rapeseed oil to the chlorine-deficient medium. Under these conditions, the highest levels of butyrolactone I, asterric acid, and mevinolinic acid were achieved and the presence of desmethylsulochrin and (+)-bisdechlorogeodin was detected in the broth. The constant and relatively high aeration rate in the idiophase was shown to be beneficial for terrein and (+)-geodin biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland. tomaszboruta85@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boruta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizukojc
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000378:metabolism; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation; D007444:Inulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism; D011728:Pyridones / Q000378:metabolism; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D064210:Secondary Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001572:Benzofurans; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011728:Pyridones; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; C040295:mevinolinic acid; C082868:butyrolactone I; D007444:Inulin; D008148:Lovastatin; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: (+)-Geodin; Aspergillus terreus; Lovastatin; Secondary metabolites