title: Noncontact conductivity and dielectric measurement for high throughput roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing.
abstract: Advances in roll-to-roll processing of graphene and carbon nanotubes have at last led to the continuous production of high-quality coatings and filaments, ushering in a wave of applications for flexible and wearable electronics, woven fabrics, and wires. These applications often require specific electrical properties, and hence precise control over material micro- and nanostructure. While such control can be achieved, in principle, by closed-loop processing methods, there are relatively few noncontact and nondestructive options for quantifying the electrical properties of materials on a moving web at the speed required in modern nanomanufacturing. Here, we demonstrate a noncontact microwave method for measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity (or geometry for samples of known dielectric properties) of materials in a millisecond. Such measurement times are compatible with current and future industrial needs, enabling real-time materials characterization and in-line control of processing variables without disrupting production.
authors.affiliation: Communication Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.|Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Orloff
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA.|Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obrzut
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maillaud
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirri
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kole
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.affiliation: Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: Stephan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stranick
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA.
authors.forename: J Alexander
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Liddle