title: Formulation and evaluation of anti-rheumatic dexibuprofen transdermal patches: a quality-by-design approach.
abstract: Dexibuprofen (DXIBN) transdermal patches were formulated using various concentrations of selected polymeric excipients (matrix material; ethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone, plasticizer (di-N-butyl phthalate), and a conventional permeation enhancer (almond oil)). Initial patch formulations were evaluated for their physiochemical properties (thickness, moisture uptake, final moisture content, and DXIBN content). Also, impact of patch components on resulting tensile strength and in vitro permeation were used to predict an optimal patch formulation using a quality-by-design (QbD) approach, which was subsequently evaluated and further compared with a commercial oral tablet dosage form for in vitro and in vivo release (rabbit model). Initially formulated patches demonstrated uniform thickness (0.44 ± 0.02 cm), relatively low moisture uptake (7.87 ± 1.11 w/w %), and highly acceptable drug loading values (100.0 ± 0.026%). The tensile strength of patches increased significantly with matrix polymer concentration and to a lesser degree with increase in plasticizer and permeation enhancer content, although these affected the permeation of DXIBN. Predicted properties (tensile strength and DXIBN steady-state flux) for the QbD-optimized formulation were in close agreement to experimental results. The QbD optimal patch formulation behavior differed significantly from the commercial tablet formulation in vivo. Such model-based predictions (QbD approach) will reduce cost and time in formulation development sciences.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Gomal University , Dera Ismail Khan , Pakistan ;
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhlaq
authors.affiliation: b Departement of Pharmacy , Bahauddin Zakariya Univerity , Multan , Pakistan ;
authors.forename: Muhammad Sohail
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacy , Gomal University , Dera Ismail Khan , Pakistan ;
authors.forename: Abdul Mughees
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mudassir
authors.affiliation: c University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan ;
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: d Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey ;
authors.forename: Israfil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kucuk
authors.affiliation: e Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haj-Ahmad
authors.affiliation: e Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: Manoochehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasekh
authors.affiliation: e Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D015195:Drug Design; D065546:Drug Liberation; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D057968:Transdermal Patch / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010968:Plasticizers; D011108:Polymers; C539402:dexibuprofen; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Box–Behnken technique; dexibuprofen; quality-by-design; transdermal