title: The relationship between hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data including the symptom of vertigo of 149 SSHL patients were investigated retrospectively. Pure tone audiometry, ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) evoked by air-conducted sound (ACS), and caloric test were employed for cochlear and vestibular function assessment. The relationship between hearing level and vestibular dysfunction was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pure tone averages (PTAs) (mean ± SD) of SSHL patients with and without vertigo were 88.81 ± 21.74 dB HL and 72.49 ± 21.88 dB HL (Z = -4.411, p = 0.000), respectively. The PTAs of SSHL patients with abnormal and normal caloric test were 84.71 ± 22.54 dB HL and 70.41 ± 24.07 dB HL (t = -2.665, p = 0.009), respectively. Conversely, vertigo and abnormal caloric results also happened more frequently in patients with profound hearing loss. However, no consistent tendency could be found among vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) responses or hearing loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSHL patients with vertigo or abnormal caloric test displayed worse hearing loss; and vice versa, vertigo and abnormal caloric results happened more frequently in SSHL patients with profound hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;|b Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery , EYE And ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China ;
authors.forename: Xinda
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;|c Department of Otolaryngology , Xi'an Children's Hospital , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;|d Department of Otolaryngology , Xi'an Fourth People's Hospital , Xi'an , PR China.
authors.forename: Yintong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Zichen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Ear Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , PR China ;
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002150:Caloric Tests; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003639:Hearing Loss, Sudden / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014717:Vertigo / Q000150:complications*; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP); caloric test; cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP); sudden deafness