title: Viscosity of endodontic irrigants: Influence of temperature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature on the viscosity of different endodontic irrigants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measurements of viscosity of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 0.9% sodium chloride, aqueous solution of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.2% cetrimide, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at different temperatures (22°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C) were obtained using Mohr balance and Ostwald viscometer. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used for the statistical analysis. (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were recorded at each temperature among 3% hydrogen peroxide, 0.9% sodium chloride and aqueous solution of 0.2% CHX and 0.2% cetrimide. 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA showed the higher values. Viscosity statistically decreased with increasing temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA are significantly viscous at room temperature and their viscosity reduces with elevating temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggio
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceci
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Statistics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beltrami
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagna
keywords: Root canal irrigants; temperature; viscosity