title: Use of Neurofeedback to Enhance Response to Hypnotic Analgesia in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: This proof of principle study examined the potential benefits of EEG neurofeedback for increasing responsiveness to self-hypnosis training for chronic pain management. The study comprised 20 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) who received 5 sessions of self-hypnosis training--1 face-to-face session and 4 prerecorded sessions. Participants were randomly assigned to have the prerecorded sessions preceded by either (a) EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) training to increase left anterior theta power (NF-HYP) or (b) a relaxation control condition (RLX-HYP). Eighteen participants completed all treatment sessions and assessments. NF-HYP participants reported greater reductions in pain than RLX-HYP participants. The findings provide support for the potential treatment-enhancing effects of neurofeedback on hypnotic analgesia and also suggest that effective hypnosis treatment can be provided very efficiently.
authors.affiliation: a University of Washington , Seattle , USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: a University of Washington , Seattle , USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gianas
authors.affiliation: a University of Washington , Seattle , USA.
authors.forename: Holly R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: b Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine , Tempe , Arizona , USA.
authors.forename: Leslie H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sherlin
authors.affiliation: a University of Washington , Seattle , USA.
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.affiliation: a University of Washington , Seattle , USA.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ehde
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods