title: Impact of Antipsychotic Review and Nonpharmacological Intervention on Antipsychotic Use, Neuropsychiatric Symptoms, and Mortality in People With Dementia Living in Nursing Homes: A Factorial Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial by the Well-Being and Health for People With Dementia (WHELD) Program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the impact of antipsychotic review, social interaction, and exercise, in conjunction with person-centered care, on antipsychotic use, agitation, and depression in people with dementia living in nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster-randomized factorial controlled trial with two replications was conducted in people with dementia in 16 U.K. nursing homes. All homes received training in person-centered care. Eight homes were randomly assigned to antipsychotic review, to a social interaction intervention, and to an exercise intervention for 9 months, with most homes assigned to more than one intervention. The primary outcome measures were antipsychotic use, agitation, and depression. Secondary outcome measures were overall neuropsychiatric symptoms and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antipsychotic review significantly reduced antipsychotic use by 50% (odds ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.60). Antipsychotic review plus the social interaction intervention significantly reduced mortality (odds ratio 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.51) compared with the group receiving neither. The group receiving antipsychotic review but not the social intervention showed significantly worse outcome in neuropsychiatric symptoms compared with the group receiving neither (score difference +7.37, 95% CI 1.53 to 13.22). This detrimental impact was mitigated by concurrent delivery of the social intervention (-0.44, CI -4.39 to 3.52). The exercise intervention significantly improved neuropsychiatric symptoms (-3.59, 95% CI -7.08 to -0.09) but not depression (-1.21, CI -4.35 to 1.93). None of the interventions had a significant impact specifically on agitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While reductions in antipsychotic use can be achieved by using a "real world" intervention, this may not be of benefit to people with dementia in the current climate of more judicious prescribing unless nonpharmacological interventions such as social interaction or exercise are provided in parallel.
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orrell
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: YongZhong
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Esme
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moniz-Cook
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Rhiannon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garrod
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Zunera
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woodward-Carlton
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wenborn
authors.affiliation: From the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London; the Division of Psychiatry, University College London; the North Wales Organisation for Randomised Trials in Health and the Dementia Services Development Centre, Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.; the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, U.K.; Psychological Services, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, U.K.; and the Alzheimer's Society, London.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fossey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012960:Socioenvironmental Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents