title: Analysis of human dentition from Early Bronze Age: 4000-year-old puzzle.
abstract: This paper presents the first ever paleodontological investigation of human remains from an archeological site in Central Europe dating from the Early Bronze Age and attributed to the Strzyzow Culture. It corroborates the knowledge gained from archeological, anthropological and genetical investigations. Our study aimed to assess dental status, dental morphology and dental pathologies as well as tooth wear and enamel hypoplasia based on visual inspection and stereomicroscopic investigation. The research was supported by CBCT imaging to obtain digital images and 3D reconstructions as well as 2D radiographs essential for dental age estimation. All of the 191 teeth discovered showed morphological similarity, with adult teeth showing similar color, shape and size. A maxillary molar presenting with a unique root morphology and a mandibular molar with a rare occlusal surface were found. Both permanent and deciduous dentition presented significant tooth wear. A few specimens displayed signs of dental caries, periapical pathology and antemortem tooth loss. Three individuals exhibited linear enamel hypoplasia. CBCT provided high-quality 2D images useful for dental age estimation by non-destructive methods. Estimated dental age correlated with the age estimated by other anthropological methods. In one case, this was crucial because of insufficient material for anthropological analysis. The presented studies have proved that besides the skeleton, teeth can be used as a fundamental tool in assessing the overall health and living conditions of paleopopulations. It would seem that there is potential for considerable development to be made in the research and investigation of paleodontological material using CBCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. aprzyst@ump.edu.pl.|Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Swiecickiego 6, 60-781, Poznan, Poland. aprzyst@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przystańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abreu-Głowacka
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation Clinic, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glapiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Swiecickiego 6, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rewekant
authors.affiliation: Stanislaw Staszic Museum in Hrubieszow, Hrubieszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyrchała
authors.affiliation: Stanislaw Staszic Museum in Hrubieszow, Hrubieszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartłomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bartecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Czesław
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Żaba
authors.affiliation: Section of Dental Radiology, Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kulczyk
mesh_terms: D000366:Age Determination by Teeth; D001106:Archaeology; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D010161:Paleodontology; D011044:Poland; D057085:Tooth Wear / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history*
keywords: Bronze age; Dental CT; Dental radiographs; Paleodontology