title: The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human orbital preadipocyte.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) in human orbital preadipocytes, and to evaluate the effect of VEGF on human orbital preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four isoforms of VEGF (VEGF121, 155, 189, and 206), VEGFR-1, VEGF-2, and neuropilin-1 were expressed in human orbital preadipocytes. Treatment with 100 ng/ml VEGF induced higher expressions of C/EBPα and LPL than the non-treated control (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01) or treatment with 50ng/ml (p = 0.04 for both). At both concentrations VEGF enhanced the accumulation of intra-cytoplasmic lipid versus the control, and treatment with 100 ng/ml VEGF induced more lipid accumulation than treatment with 50 ng/ml VEGF (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF and VEGFR were observed in human orbital preadipocytes, and exogenous VEGF enhanced adipogenesis in these cells. These results suggest that VEGF plays a role as an autocrine or paracrine growth factor during human orbital preadipocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , South Korea.|b Medical Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea.|d Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Jaeho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: e Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Su-bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Name
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Ik-soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Byon
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea.
authors.forename: Je-hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D009915:Orbit / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C515848:CEBPA protein, human; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase
keywords: Adipogenesis; orbital preadipocyte; preadipocyte; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)