title: Improving paediatric asthma care in Zambia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2008, the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Zambia was unknown and the national treatment guideline was outdated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created an international partnership between Zambian clinicians, the Zambian Government and a pharmaceutical company to address shortcomings in asthma treatment. We did two studies, one to estimate prevalence in the capital of Lusaka and one to assess attitudes and practices of patients. Based on the information obtained, we educated health workers and the public. The information from the studies was also used to modernize government policy for paediatric asthma management.
  
  
  METHODS
  The health-care system in Zambia is primarily focused on acute care delivery with a focus on infectious diseases. Comprehensive services for noncommunicable diseases are lacking. Asthma management relies on treatment of acute exacerbations instead of disease control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven percent of children surveyed had asthma (255/3911). Of the 120 patients interviewed, most (82/120, 68%) used oral short-acting β2-agonists for symptom control; almost half (59/120, 49%) did not think the symptoms were preventable and 43% (52/120) thought inhalers were addictive. These misconceptions informed broad-based educational programmes. We used a train-the-trainer model to educate health-care workers and ran public awareness campaigns. Access to inhalers was increased and the Zambian standard treatment guideline for paediatric asthma was revised to include steroid inhalers as a control treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Joint activities were required to change paediatric asthma care in Zambia. Success will depend on local sustainability, and it may be necessary to shift resources to mirror the disease burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, P/Bag RW 1X, Lusaka, Zambia .
authors.forename: Somwe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wa Somwe
authors.affiliation: Pendleton Family Practice, Lusaka, Zambia .
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jumbe-Marsden
authors.affiliation: University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia .
authors.forename: Kondwelani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mateyo
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia .
authors.forename: Mutale Nsakashalo
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Senkwe
authors.affiliation: Sandoz Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya .
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotomayor-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia .
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musuku
authors.affiliation: IdISPa-FISIB, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain .
authors.forename: Joan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.affiliation: Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ancochea
authors.affiliation: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, United States of America .
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fishman