title: [A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to introduce the main concepts of statistical testing and effect size and to provide researchers in nursing science with guidance on how to calculate the effect size for the statistical analysis methods mainly used in nursing.
  
  
  METHODS
  For t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis which are used frequently in nursing research, the generally accepted definitions of the effect size were explained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some formulae for calculating the effect size are described with several examples in nursing research. Furthermore, the authors present the required minimum sample size for each example utilizing G*Power 3 software that is the most widely used program for calculating sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is noted that statistical significance testing and effect size measurement serve different purposes, and the reliance on only one side may be misleading. Some practical guidelines are recommended for combining statistical significance testing and effect size measure in order to make more balanced decisions in quantitative analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuncheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyupil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea. sthan@hoseo.edu.
authors.forename: Sang Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size; D012984:Software
keywords: Effect size; Power of test; Practical significance; Significance probability; Statistical significance