title: Bacterial Infections and Osteoclastogenesis Regulators in Men and Women with Cholesteatoma.
abstract: One of the most distinct features of middle ear cholesteatoma is bone destruction. Aetiology of cholesteatoma is thought to be multifactorial. Endotoxins produced by bacteria are thought to initiate the inflammation process in the middle ear leading to cholesteatoma. There are physiological differences in bone metabolism between men and women. The aim of our study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the contents of two key components of the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad-RANKL and OPG in cholesteatoma, to analyse if there are any differences between the sexes and to evaluate the bacteria species isolated from cholesteatoma just before surgical treatment and to evaluate their plausible influence on the expression of OPG and RANKL in cholesteatoma. Twenty-one adult patients with acquired cholesteatoma who underwent surgery were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of both regulators of osteoclastogenesis between the sexes. In 38.1 % patients cholesteatoma was not infected, whereas in 61.9 % patients various bacterial infections or mycosis were found. The most frequently isolated species was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.29 % infections) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (9.52 % infections). There were no statistically significant differences in expression of both OPG and RANKL between uninfected and infected cholesteatomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Str., Bldg. C-1, 40-752, Katowice, Poland. wirginia.likus@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wirginia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Likus
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siemianowicz
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markowski
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.|Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiaderkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathomorphology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostrząb-Zdebel
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jura-Szołtys
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Clinic for Treatment of Chronic Pain, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dziubdziela
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiaderkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Cell Biology Building, Level 10, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden. mjelos@gmail.com.|Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. mjelos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marek J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Łos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002781:Cholesteatoma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
chemical_list: D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human
keywords: Bacterial infection; Cholesteatoma; Osteoprotegerin; RANKL; Sexes