title: The disciplined healthcare professional: a qualitative interview study on the impact of the disciplinary process and imposed measures in the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is known that doctors who receive complaints may have feelings of anger, guilt, shame and depression, both in the short and in the long term. This might lead to functional impairment. Less is known about the impact of the disciplinary process and imposed measures. Previous studies of disciplinary proceedings have mainly focused on identifying characteristics of disciplined doctors and on sentencing policies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore what impact the disciplinary process and imposed measures have on healthcare professionals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured interview study, with purposive sampling and inductive qualitative content analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 healthcare professionals (9 medical specialists, 3 general practitioners, 2 physiotherapists and 2 psychologists) that were sanctioned by the disciplinary tribunal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Netherlands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Professionals described feelings of misery and insecurity both during the process as in its aftermath. Furthermore, they reported to fear receiving new complaints and provide care more cautiously after the imposed measure. Factors that may enhance psychological and professional impact are the publication of measures online and in newspapers, media coverage, the feeling of treated as guilty before any verdict has been reached, and the long duration of the process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the disciplinary process and imposed measures can have a profound psychological and professional impact on healthcare professionals. Although a disciplinary measure is meant to have a corrective effect, our results suggest that the impact that is experienced by professionals might hamper optimal rehabilitation afterwards. Therefore, organising emotional support should be considered during the disciplinary process and in the period after the verdict.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan-Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Weenink
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjenny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Research and Innovation, Health Care Inspectorate, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul B M
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Robben
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Westert
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Health Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rudolf B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kool
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression; D004647:Employee Discipline; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D009426:Netherlands; D011678:Punishment; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012752:Shame
keywords: MEDICAL LAW