title: Clinical and prognostic value of combined measurement of cytokines and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in premature rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) differ from those in women without PROM.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study of full-term primiparous pregnant women with PROM (PROM group) and those undergoing elective cesarean delivery (control group) was performed at a center in Yangzhou, China, between January 2003 and July 2006. IL-6, IL-8, and VCAM-1 levels were measured in maternal blood, cord blood, and amniotic fluid. A pathologic examination of fetal membranes was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-6, IL-8, and VCAM-1 levels in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and cord blood were significantly higher in the PROM group (n=58) than in the control group (n=38; P<0.05 for all comparisons). In the PROM group, the levels increased with duration of membrane rupture (P<0.05 for all). Women with chorioamnionitis had significantly higher levels than women without chorioamnionitis (P<0.05 for all), and women with PROM whose newborns had low Apgar score (≤7) had higher levels than those whose newborns had a higher Apgar score (P<0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined measurements of IL-6, IL-8, and VCAM-1 might help to improve early diagnosis of PROM and chorioamnionitis, and to evaluate the prognosis of newborns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Antenatal Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. Electronic address: sunjingxia2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000473:pathology; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002585:Cesarean Section; D002681:China; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Chorioamnionitis; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Premature rupture of membranes; Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1