title: Mining continuous intracranial EEG in focal canine epilepsy: Relating interictal bursts to seizure onsets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brain regions are localized for resection during epilepsy surgery based on rare seizures observed during a short period of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring. Interictal epileptiform bursts, which are more prevalent than seizures, may provide complementary information to aid in epilepsy evaluation. In this study, we leverage a long-term iEEG dataset from canines with naturally occurring epilepsy to investigate interictal bursts and their electrographic relationship to seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four dogs were included in this study, each monitored previously with continuous iEEG for periods of 475.7, 329.9, 45.8, and 451.8 days, respectively, for a total of >11,000 h. Seizures and bursts were detected and validated by two board-certified epileptologists. A published Bayesian model was applied to analyze the dynamics of interictal epileptic bursts on EEG and compare them to seizures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three dogs, bursts were stereotyped and found to be statistically similar to periods before or near seizure onsets. Seizures from one dog during status epilepticus were markedly different from other seizures in terms of burst similarity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shorter epileptic bursts explored in this work have the potential to yield significant information about the distribution of epileptic events. In our data, bursts are at least an order of magnitude more prevalent than seizures and occur much more regularly. Our finding that bursts often display pronounced similarity to seizure onsets suggests that they contain relevant information about the epileptic networks from which they arise and may aide in the clinical evaluation of epilepsy in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Penn Epilepsy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hoameng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ung
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Drausin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wulsin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ned
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vite
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Worrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Penn Epilepsy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Penn Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.|Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Litt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: EEG; burst; canine; intracranial