title: Knee stability, athletic performance and sport-specific tasks in non-professional soccer players after ACL reconstruction: comparing trans-tibial and antero-medial portal techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  a wrong position of bone tunnels, in particular on the femur, is one of the most frequent causes of a failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Several studies demonstrated that drilling the femoral tunnel through the antero-medial portal (AMP) allows a more anatomical placement on the lateral femoral condyle and higher knee stability, compared to trans-tibial (TT) technique. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate two groups of soccer players operated on for ACL reconstruction according to either one of these two techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  two groups of non-professional soccer players operated on for a single bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstrings autograft using either a TT (20 patients) or an AMP (23 patients) technique were retrospectively evaluated with KT-1000 arthrometer, manual pivot shift test, isokinetic test, the incremental treadmill-running test, athletic and sport specific tasks, and knee scores (IKDC, Lysholm and KOOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  the AMP group showed better results at pivot shift test and KOOS, but lower flexion angles at single leg squat test. There were no differences in all the other considered outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the better rotational stability of the knee achieved in AMP group did not lead to significantly better clinical and functional results in our patients.
  Case-control study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tudisco
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisicchia
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.affiliation: Isokinetic Medical Group, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiozzi
authors.affiliation: Isokinetic Medical Group, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piva
keywords: ACL reconstruction; antero-medial portal; knee stability; soccer; trans-tibial