title: Suboptimal Control of Lipid Levels: Results from 29 Countries Participating in the Centralized Pan-Regional Surveys on the Undertreatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (CEPHEUS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Five multicentre, cross-sectional Centralized Pan-Regional Surveys on the Undertreatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (CEPHEUS) were conducted in 29 countries across Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The surveys assessed the current use and efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) worldwide and identified possible patient and physician characteristics associated with failure to attain low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. The aim of this analysis was to consolidate the global results from these surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surveys involved patients aged ≥18 years who had been prescribed LLDs for at least 3 months without dose changes for at least 6 weeks. A single visit was scheduled for data collection, including fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels. Cardiovascular risk profile and LDL-C goal attainment were assessed according to the 2004 updated US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 35 121 patients (mean age: 60.4 years) were included, and 90.3% had been prescribed statin monotherapy. Overall, only 49.4% of patients reached their recommended LDL-C level. LDL-C goals were attained in 54.8% (5084/9273) and 22.8% (3287/14 429) of patients were at high and very high cardiovascular risk, respectively. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of LDL-C goal attainment were lower baseline cardiovascular risk; presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or history of cardiovascular disease; and treatment with simvastatin, atorvastatin, or rosuvastatin (vs. all other LLDs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDL-C goal attainment in patients taking LLDs is suboptimal worldwide, particularly in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: General Clinical Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University.
authors.forename: Chern-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrières
authors.forename: Nina N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Gotcheva
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Raal
authors.forename: Abdulla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shehab
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: Michel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hermans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D038622:Internationality; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019821:Simvastatin