title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer: A Clinician's Perspective.
abstract: Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) include seminoma and nonseminoma. Chance of cure is excellent for clinical stage I disease regardless of whether adjuvant treatment or a surveillance strategy with treatment only for those who relapse is used. Risk of recurrence is greater in nonseminoma with evidence of lymphovascular invasion, but most can be salvaged with chemotherapy and survival rates remain high. This article outlines key pathologic and clinical considerations in clinical stage I seminoma, nonseminoma, advanced disease, and assessment of cancer of unknown primary as a potential GCT.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, D1230, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, D1230, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Electronic address: christopher_sweeney@dfci.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D018239:Seminoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Active surveillance; Cancer of unknown primary; Germ cell tumor; Nonseminoma; Seminoma; Testicular cancer