title: Intracellular Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase, Type II: A Unique Cellular Phospholipase A2 That Hydrolyzes Oxidatively Modified Phospholipids.
abstract: Intracellular platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, type II [PAF-AH (II)] is a monomeric 40kDa enzyme that was originally purified as an enzyme that hydrolyzes the acetyl group of PAF (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). It can also hydrolyze phospholipids with short length or oxidatively modified sn-2 acyl chains, whereas it can hardly hydrolyze phospholipids with two long fatty acyl chains. PAF-AH (II) is the only phospholipase A2 that is myristoylated at its N-terminus and is evolutionarily conserved from lower organisms to mammals. Studies using cultured cells and mice suggest that PAF-AH (II) functions as an antioxidant phospholipase. Here, we will review our current understanding of PAF-AH (II) and discuss its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: harai@mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
keywords: N-myristoylation; Oxidized phospholipids; PAF-AH; Phospholipase A(2)