title: Stimulating effect of graphene oxide on myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts on RGD peptide-decorated PLGA nanofiber matrices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the field of biomedical engineering, many studies have focused on the possible applications of graphene and related nanomaterials due to their potential for use as scaffolds, coating materials and delivery carriers. On the other hand, electrospun nanofiber matrices composed of diverse biocompatible polymers have attracted tremendous attention for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their combination is intriguing and still challenging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, we fabricated nanofiber matrices composed of M13 bacteriophage with RGD peptide displayed on its surface (RGD-M13 phage) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) and characterized their physicochemical properties. In addition, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the cellular behaviors of C2C12 myoblasts, which were cultured on PLGA decorated with RGD-M13 phage (RGD/PLGA) nanofiber matrices, was investigated. Our results revealed that the RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices have suitable physicochemical properties as a tissue engineering scaffold and the growth of C2C12 myoblasts were significantly enhanced on the matrices. Moreover, the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts was substantially stimulated when they were cultured on the RGD/PLGA matrices in the presence of GO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, these findings propose that the combination of RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices and GO can be used as a promising strategy for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea.
authors.forename: Suck Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Clinical Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Korea.
authors.forename: Bongju
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21+ NBM Global Research Center, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea ; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: School of Anatomy, Physiology, and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia.
authors.forename: Yu Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8314-1981
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Graphene oxide; Myogenic differentiation; Nanofiber matrix; Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); RGD peptide