title: A fermentative approach towards optimizing directed biosynthesis of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae 1526 utilizing apple industry waste biomass.
abstract: The present research account deals with the bioproduction of fumaric acid (FA) from apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge (APUS) and apple pomace (AP) through fermentation. The filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae 1526 was used as a biocatalyst and its morphological impact on FA production was analysed in detail. For submerged fermentation, 40 g L(-1) of total solids concentration of APUS, pH 6.0, 30 °C, 200 rpm flask shaking speed and 72 h of incubation were found to be optimum for FA production (25.2 ± 1.0 g L(-1), 0.350 g (L(-1) h(-1))). Broth viscosity (cP), residual reducing sugar (g L(-1)) and ethanol (g L(-1)) produced as by-product, were also analysed. Plastic trays were used for solid state fermentation and at optimized level of moisture and incubation period, 52 ± 2.67 g FA per kg dry weight of AP was obtained. Changes in the total phenolic content (mg g(-1) dry weight of AP) were monitored at regular intervals. Utilization of APUS and AP for the directed synthesis of the high-value platform chemical FA by the fungal strain R. oryzae 1526 was an excellent display of fungal physiological and morphological control over a fermentative product.
authors.affiliation: INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
authors.forename: Ratul Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada. Electronic address: satinder.brar@ete.inrs.ca.
authors.forename: Satinder Kaur
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.affiliation: CO(2) Solutions Inc., 2300, rue Jean-Perrin, Québec, QC G2C 1T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Mausam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005650:Fumarates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology*; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005650:Fumarates; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014866:Waste Products; D000431:Ethanol; C032005:fumaric acid
keywords: Apple pomace; Apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge; Fermentation; Morphology; Reducing sugar; Viscosity