title: Herald bleeding from a ruptured primary hepatic angiosarcoma: A case report.
abstract: Primary hepatic angiosarcomas (PHAs) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 0.05 per million in the Caribbean, which is similar to that reported in Western countries. Although a number of cases are detected post-mortem, the most common clinical presentation is with tumour rupture and herald bleeding. This is the case report of a 60-year old female patient who presented with vague upper abdominal pain, found via imaging examinations to be due to a ruptured hepatic tumour in segment III of the liver. The tumour was removed via laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy, with clear resection margins. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination established the diagnosis of PHA. Therefore, an index of suspicion should be maintained in selected patients and, when detected ante-mortem, PHAs should be treated aggressively with complete surgical resection to achieve microscopically clear margins, as the response of these tumours to other forms of adjuvant therapy may be unpredictable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Shamir O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Cawich
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: Chunilal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramjit
keywords: angiosarcoma; hemoperitoneum; hepatectomy; liver; rupture