title: Bioactivity of MTA Plus, Biodentine and an experimental calcium silicate-based cement on human osteoblast-like cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the bioactivity of Biodentine (BIO, Septodont), MTA Plus (MTA P, Avalon) and calcium silicate experimental cement (CSC) with resin (CSCR) associated with zirconium (CSCR ZrO2) or niobium (CSCR Nb2O5) oxide as radiopacifiers.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the relevance of osteoblastic cell response for mineralized tissue repair, human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2) were exposed to test materials and assessed for viability (MTT), cell proliferation, gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) osteogenic marker by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), ALP activity assay and alizarin red staining (ARS) to detect mineralization nodule deposition in osteogenic medium. Unexposed cells acted as the control group (C). Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-test (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tested cements showed dose-dependent responses in cell viability (MTT). Exposed cells revealed good viability (80-130% compared to the control group) in the highest dilutions of all types of cement. MTA P, BIO and CSCR ZrO2significantly increased the velocity of cell proliferation after three days of cell exposure in the wound-healing assay (P < 0.05), which corroborated MTT data. On day 3, the ALP transcript level increased, especially to CSCR Nb2O5(P < 0.05). All cements exhibited suitable ALP enzyme activity, highlighting the 7-day period of cell exposure. ARS, CSCR Nb2O5, revealed a significant potential to induce mineralization in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All materials had suitable biocompatibility and bioactivity. The MTA P, BIO and CSCR ZrO2groups had the highest viability rates and velocity of proliferation whilst the CSCR Nb2O5group produced more mineralized nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gomes-Cornélio
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Cellular Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Salles
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Mestieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru-Filho
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009556:Niobium / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D009556:Niobium; C506393:tricalcium silicate; D015040:Zirconium; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: bioactivity; calcium silicate; cell culture; cytotoxicity; gene expression