title: Isolation and characterization ofFlexilinea flocculigen. nov., sp. nov., a filamentous, anaerobic bacterium belonging to the classAnaerolineaein the phylumChloroflexi.
abstract: A novel obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated strain TC1T, was isolated from methanogenic granular sludge in a full-scale mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating high-strength starch-based wastewater. Cells had a multicellular filamentous morphology, stained Gram-negative and were non-motile. The filaments were flexible, generally >100 μm long and 0.3-0.4 μm wide. Growth of the isolate was observed at 25-43 °C (optimum 37 °C) and pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Strain TC1Tgrew chemo-organotrophically on a range of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions. Yeast extract was required for growth. The major fermentative end products of glucose, supplemented with yeast extract, were acetate, lactate, succinate, propionate, formate and hydrogen. Co-cultivation with the hydrogenotrophic methanogenMethanospirillum hungateiDSM 864Tenhanced growth of the isolate. The DNA G+C content was determined experimentally to be 42.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0and iso-C17 : 03-OH. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain TC1Tbelonged to the classAnaerolineaein the phylumChloroflexi, in whichOrnatilinea apprimaP3M-1Twas its closest phylogenetic relative (88.3 % nucleotide identity). Phylogenomic analyses using 38 and 83 single-copy marker genes also supported the novelty of strain TC1Tat least at the genus level. Based on phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic characteristics, we propose that strain TC1Trepresents a novel species of a new genus, for which we suggest the nameFlexilinea flocculigen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain ofFlexilinea flocculiis strain TC1T( = JCM 30897T= CGMCC 1.5202T).
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.|School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, PR China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyonaga
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Dieter M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tourlousse
authors.affiliation: Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Xian-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.affiliation: EPAS International NV, Dok-Noord 4, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi