title: Structural robustness of the gut mucosal microbiota is associated with Crohn's disease remission after surgery.
abstract: Preventing postoperative recurrence after ileocolonic resection (ICR) for Crohn's disease (CD) is challenging. Defining the disturbances of the microbial composition and community structure after ICR and their link with early disease recurrence is crucial.
  
  
  
  Microbiota composition (fingerprinting and 16S rDNA sequencing) and community structure (correlation networks of bacterial species) were assessed from ileal mucosa sampled in 20 patients undergoing ICR and 6 months later during endoscopy from above (neoterminal ileum) and below (subanastomotic colon) the surgical anastomosis.
  
  
  
  ICR had a dramatic effect on gut microbial ecosystem. At surgery, CD mucosa harboured a dysbiotic microbiota with high proportions of α/β Proteobacteria and Bacilli. Six months later, half of the patients had recurrent lesions at ileocolonoscopy and presented higher numbers of Lachnospiraceae. Recurrence of endoscopic lesions was associated with enrichment in Enterococcus durans while patients in remission had increased proportions of Dorea longicatena and Bacteroides plebeius. Structural differences were striking between recurrence and remission microbiota; while the microbiota of patients with CD recurrence exhibited a loose community structure, the microbiota of patients in remission displayed communities that were robustly correlated to each other. Microbiota colonising the neoterminal ileum and subanastomotic colon 6 months after ICR only differed in patients with recurrence.
  
  
  
  ICR modifies the gut microbiome. Remission after 6 months was associated with homogenous bacterial distribution around the anastomosis. Community structure and bacterial networks highlight target species, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus gnavus, which may allow precise modulations of the overall microbial ecosystem towards remission pattern.
authors.affiliation: INRA, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France Institut Curie, U932, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondot
authors.affiliation: INRA, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM ERL 1157, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, CNRS UMR 7203 LBM, CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seksik
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, INSERM U1160, Université Paris 7, GETAID, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allez
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, Université Paris 7, GETAID, Paris, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tréton
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, Université Paris 7, GETAID, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bouhnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Colombel
authors.affiliation: INRA, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.affiliation: EA Laboratoire de Biologie, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France EA4065 Université Paris V, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pochart
authors.affiliation: INRA, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR1319, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Lariboisière & Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & GETAID, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marteau
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D000069999:Lactobacillus johnsonii / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction
keywords: BACTERIAL INTERACTIONS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; INTESTINAL MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; SURGICAL RESECTION