title: A biomarker of tissue damage, lactate dehydrogenase, is associated with fibulin-1 and oxidative stress in blacks: the SAfrEIC study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and oxidative stress is present in hypertension and associated arterial stiffness, but little is known on the physiological link among lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibulin-1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to explore the link among a marker of tissue damage (LDH), fibulin-1 (as ECM biomarker), and ROS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 316 black and 305 white South Africans and determined the above-mentioned biomarkers along with additional cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LDH associated positively with fibulin-1 (β = 0.23; p < 0.001) and ROS (β = 0.11; p = 0.30) in blacks only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding suggests that increased circulating levels of LDH may be due to early ECM remodeling and oxidative stress in blacks that are subjected to detrimental and uncontrolled lifestyle risk factors.
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa and.
authors.forename: Gontse G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Mokwatsi
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa and.|b Medical Research Council: Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa.
authors.forename: Aletta E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.affiliation: a Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa and.
authors.forename: Ruan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kruger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D044383:Black People; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C060820:fibulin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; ethnicity; extracellular matrix remodeling; sex; tissue damage