title: TGF-β induces HLA-G expression through inhibiting miR-152 in gastric cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mounting evidences have showed the important role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in immunological surveillance of tumors. Some studies have also indicated human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G-associated immune escape involving TGF-β management in gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism underlying it is unclear. This study aims to verify the correlations between HLA-G and TGF-β, involving the potential targeting of miR-152 on HLA-G.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-β and HLA-G levels were analyzed in blood samples from twenty GC patients with ELISA assays, while TGF-β showed directly proportional to HLA-G levels in GC patients, and TGF-β induced HLA-G up-regulation was also confirmed in GC cell lines. Furthermore, miR-152 expression could be inhibited by TGF-β, and the negative post-transcriptionally regulation of miR-152 on HLA-G was also demonstrated through gain- and loss-of-function studies. Besides, miR-152 overexpression repressed HLA-G up-regulation induced by TGF-β. And, miR-152 expression levels showed inversely proportional to both HLA-G and also TGF-β levels in GC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-β could induce HLA-G expression in GC by inhibiting miR-152, involving its negative regulation on HLA-G. Since TGF-β induced HLA-G up-regulation plays important role in immune escape, a potential application of miR-152 was suggested in GC treatment, or miR-152 might be one potential biomarker for GC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.|Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China.
authors.forename: Zhongzheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.|Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China.
authors.forename: Bingtan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China. fengjliuj@163.com.
authors.forename: Fengjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107, West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; C550856:MIRN152 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta