title: Multivariate Assessment of the Effect of Pump Design and Pump Gap Design Parameters on Blood Trauma.
abstract: Pump gaps are the most critical regions in a rotary blood pump when it comes to blood trauma in the form of hemolysis, protein destruction, and platelet activation. This study investigated six pump design parameters affecting the flow in a radial pump gap. A multivariate approach was employed to determine individual and quantitative parameter effects on blood trauma as well as parameter interactions. To consider the effect of shear stress and blood cell residence time, a validated numerical Lagrangian particle tracking approach was used. Based on the results, small-diameter pumps can be as blood compatible, if not more blood compatible, as large-diameter pumps as long as identical circumferential velocities and clearance gaps are maintained. Furthermore, the results indicate that an eccentric rotor position in the casing is not harmful and that a pressure difference generating washout flow and thereby reducing the cell residence time is of significant importance.
authors.affiliation: Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graefe
authors.affiliation: ReinVAD GmbH, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henseler
authors.affiliation: Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Steinseifer
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
keywords: Blood trauma; Numerical flow simulation; Pump gaps; Rotary blood pumps