title: Functional Fitness Testing Results Following Long-Duration ISS Missions.
abstract: Long-duration spaceflight missions lead to the loss of muscle strength and endurance. Significant reduction in muscle function can be hazardous when returning from spaceflight. To document these losses, NASA developed medical requirements that include measures of functional strength and endurance. Results from this Functional Fitness Test (FFT) battery are also used to evaluate the effectiveness of in-flight exercise countermeasures. The purpose of this paper is to document results from the FFT and correlate this information with performance of in-flight exercise on board the International Space Station.
  
  
  
  The FFT evaluates muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and agility and includes the following eight measures: sit and reach, cone agility, push-ups, pull-ups, sliding crunches, bench press, leg press, and hand grip dynamometry. Pre- to postflight functional fitness measurements were analyzed using dependent t-tests and correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between functional fitness measurements and in-flight exercise workouts.
  
  
  
  Significant differences were noted post space flight with the sit and reach, cone agility, leg press, and hand grip measurements while other test scores were not significantly altered. The relationships between functional fitness and in-flight exercise measurements showed minimal to moderate correlations for most in-flight exercise training variables.
  
  
  
  The change in FFT results can be partially explained by in-flight exercise performance. Although there are losses documented in the FFT results, it is important to realize that the crewmembers are successfully performing activities of daily living and are considered functional for normal activities upon return to Earth.
authors.affiliation: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mitzi S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guilliams
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nieschwitz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoellen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft