title: Management of the cervico-petrous internal carotid artery in class C tympanojugular paragangliomas.
abstract: Management of the cervical and petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) is frequently required in Fisch class C tympanojugular paragangliomas (TJPs). The purpose of this study was to discuss the perioperative intervention of the ICA in patients who underwent surgical resection of a TJP.
  
  
  
  A retrospective study of 237 patients surgically treated for Fisch class C TJPs was done to identify cases that required ICA management.
  
  
  
  Management of the ICA was required in 176 patients (74.2%). Forty-two patients required just an ICA decompression, 88 underwent a subperiosteal dissection, 19 underwent subadventitial dissection without intraluminal stenting, 17 underwent subadventitial dissection with intraluminal stenting, and 12 underwent arterial resection after permanent balloon occlusion. There were no complications associated with the endovascular procedures. Gross total tumor resection was achieved in 91.5% of the cases.
  
  
  
  Preoperative endovascular intervention, in selected cases, facilitates gross total tumor removal and significantly reduces the risk of an intraoperative ICA injury. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 899-905, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Otolaryngology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacciu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sampath Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sist
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Otolaryngology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza-Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005925:Glomus Jugulare Tumor / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D015607:Stents; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D013701:Temporal Bone; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: infratemporal fossa approach; internal carotid artery (ICA); permanent balloon occlusion; stenting; tympanojugular paragangliomas (TJPs)