title: Pregnancy diagnosis by laparoscopy in free range rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: The present study involved 50 adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatto) of age ranging between 4 to 15 years. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by using laparoscopic method. Anesthesia was achieved by using xylazine (2mg/kg) and ketamine (10mg/kg) intramuscularly. The gravid uterus was located close to the urinary bladder in early pregnancy and in abdominal cavity in the mid and late stage of pregnancy. The procedure was completed within 10 - 12 minutes. There were no complications after the surgery and recovery of animal was smooth and uneventful. The results of this study showed that laparoscopic method is also one of the methods of pregnancy diagnosis in rhesus macaques and it can be a precise and a reliable method of pregnancy diagnosis in rhesus macaques.
authors.affiliation: Wild Life, Monkey Sterilization Centre, Distt - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176059, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Hospital - Deol, Distt - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176125, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynaecology CSKHPKV, Palampur Himachal Pradesh - 176062, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Free range; Laparoscopy; Pregnancy diagnosis; Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)