title: Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: An update (2009-2014).
abstract: Mycotoxins are a problematic and toxic group of small organic molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by several fungal species that colonise crops. They lead to contamination at both the field and postharvest stages of food production with a considerable range of foodstuffs affected, from coffee and cereals, to dried fruit and spices. With wide ranging structural diversity of mycotoxins, severe toxic effects caused by these molecules and their high chemical stability the requirement for robust and effective detection methods is clear. This paper builds on our previous review and summarises the most recent advances in this field, in the years 2009-2014 inclusive. This review summarises traditional methods such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as newer approaches such as biosensors, and optical techniques which are becoming more prevalent. A section on sampling and sample treatment has been prepared to highlight the importance of this step in the analytical methods. We close with a look at emerging technologies that will bring effective and rapid analysis out of the laboratory and into the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. Electronic address: nicholas.turner@open.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bramhmbhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szabo-Vezse
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poma
authors.affiliation: Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Piletsky
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Analytical Chemistry; Cereals; Methods; Mycotoxins