title: Offshore Dredger Sounds: Source Levels, Sound Maps, and Risk Assessment.
abstract: The underwater sound produced during construction of the Port of Rotterdam harbor extension (Maasvlakte 2) was measured, with emphasis on the contribution of the trailing suction hopper dredgers during their various activities: dredging, transport, and discharge of sediment. Measured source levels of the dredgers, estimated source levels of other shipping, and time-dependent position data from a vessel-tracking system were used as input for a propagation model to generate dynamic sound maps. Various scenarios were studied to assess the risk of possible effects of the sound from dredging activities on marine fauna, specifically on porpoises, seals, and fish.
authors.affiliation: Acoustics and Sonar Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research(TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands. christ.dejong@tno.nl.
authors.forename: Christ A F
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Acoustics and Sonar Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research(TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands. michael.ainslie@tno.nl.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ainslie
authors.affiliation: Port of Rotterdam Authority, 3072 AP, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. fheinis@hwe.nl.
authors.forename: Floor
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heinis
authors.affiliation: Acoustics and Sonar Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research(TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands. jeroenj@casema.nl.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janmaat
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D046049:Phoca / Q000502:physiology; D050741:Phocoena / Q000502:physiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012767:Ships; D013016:Sound; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Marine fauna; Shipping; Threshold shift