title: Current therapies and investigational drugs for peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality with cardiovascular (CV) disease. The guideline recommends smoking cessation and antiplatelet/antithrombotic drugs for asymptomatic and symptomatic PAD patients. It also recommends that PAD patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) should be considered to receive endovascular and open surgical treatment for limb salvage. Although PAD patients with CLI receive these treatments, they are sometimes unable to deliver sufficient blood flow to eliminate their symptoms. Thus specific strategies are needed to promote enough blood flow. To establish the effective method, many investigations have been performed using cell-based therapy. Endothelial progenitor cells, mononuclear cells and mesenchymal stem cells have been well investigated in clinical settings. To induce angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have also been transfected in PAD patients. Among them, HGF is the most promising factor because it can induce angiogenesis without the induction of vascular inflammation and increased permeability. In this review article, we summarize current treatments and investigational drugs of PAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.|Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Munehisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, AnGes MG, Incorporation, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents