title: Comparison of the Incidence of Postoperative Pain after Using 2 Reciprocating Systems and a Continuous Rotary System: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the present study was to clinically compare the incidence of postoperative pain and the intake of analgesic medication (frequency and quantity) after endodontic treatment of posterior teeth using 2 reciprocating systems and a continuous rotary system.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective randomized clinical study, 210 patients with vital teeth indicated for conventional endodontic treatment were treated by 5 specialists according to a pre-established protocol. The teeth were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 70) according to the instrumentation system used: ProTaper Next (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN), WaveOne (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), or Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany). Treatments were performed in a single visit. After the visit, the patients were given a prescription for ibuprofen 400 mg to be taken every 6 hours if they experienced pain. Participants were asked to rate the intensity of the postoperative pain on a visual analog scale according to 4 classes (no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain) after 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days. Patients were also asked to record the number of prescribed analgesic medication tablets taken at these time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found among the 3 groups in relation to postoperative pain or analgesic medication intake at the 4 time points assessed (P > .05, Kruskal-Wallis test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reciprocating systems and the continuous rotary system were found to be equivalent in regard to the incidence of postoperative pain and intake of analgesic medication at the time points assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: dankher@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kherlakian
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Sanches
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iracema Cabral
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario Luis
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zuolo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Endodontics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kishen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: da Silveira Bueno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Nickel-titanium instruments; ProTaper Next; Reciproc; WaveOne; postoperative pain