title: White bread enriched with polyphenol extracts shows no effect on glycemic response or satiety, yet may increase postprandial insulin economy in healthy participants.
abstract: Extracts from different plant sources have been shown to modify starch digestion from carbohydrate-rich foods and lower resulting glycemia. It was hypothesized that extracts rich in polyphenols, added to white bread, would improve the glycemic response and insulin response and increase satiety in healthy participants. An in vitro dose-response analysis was performed to determine the optimal dose of a variety of extracts (baobab fruit extract, green tea extract, grape seed extract, and resveratrol) for reducing rapidly digestible starch in white bread. The 2 extracts with the greatest sugar reducing potential were then used for the human study in which 13 volunteers (9 female and 4 male) were recruited for a crossover trial of 3 different meals. On separate days, participants consumed a control white bread, white bread with green tea extract (0.4%), and white bread with baobab fruit extract (1.88%). Glycemic response, insulin response, and satiety were measured 3 hours postprandially. Although enriched breads did not reduce glycemic response or hunger, white bread with added baobab fruit extract significantly (P < .05) reduced the total (0-180 minutes) and segmental insulin area under the curve at 0 to 90, 0 to 120, and 0 to 150 minutes, and therefore reduced the amount of insulin needed for a given blood glucose response. This preliminary research suggests that there is potential for baobab fruit extract added into white bread to improve insulin economy in healthy adults.
authors.affiliation: Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coe
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, 264 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: lisa.ryan@gmit.ie.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D035162:Adansonia / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001939:Bread / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D038321:Glycemic Index; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012528:Satiety Response; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; D013662:Tea; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Baobab fruit; Bread; Glycemic response; Green tea; Insulin response; Polyphenols