title: Nanocomposite versus Mesocomposite for Osteogenic Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
abstract: Injectable inorganic/organic composite systems consisting of well-defined mesocrystals (4-8 μm) of calcium phosphate and polypeptide thermogel significantly enhance the osteogenic differentiation of the tonsil derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs). Compared to composite systems incorporating nanoparticles (10-100 nm) or pure hydrogel systems, osteogenic biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2, and osteocalcin are highly expressed at both the mRNA level and the protein level in the mesocrystal composite systems. ALP activity of differentiated cells is also significantly higher in the mesocomposite systems compared to the nanocomposite systems or the pure hydrogel systems. The mesocomposite systems provide not only hard surfaces for binding the cells/proteins by the inorganic mesocrystals but also a soft matrix for holding the cells by the hydrogel. Through the current research, (1) a novel method of preparing mesocrystals is developed, (2) TMSCs are proved as a new resource of stem cells, and (3) the mesocomposite systems are proved to be a promising tool in controlling stem cell differentiation. (4) Finally, the research emphasizes the significance of mesoscience as a new perspective of science in controlling cell and material interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-guSeoul, 120-750, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-guSeoul, 120-750, South Korea.
authors.forename: Madhumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-guSeoul, 120-750, South Korea.
authors.forename: Heejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-guSeoul, 120-750, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byeongmoon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015675:Osteocalcin; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: calcium phosphate; mesocrystals; osteogenic differentiation; polypeptide thermogels; tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells, stem cells