title: Gratitude, depression and PTSD: Assessment of structural relationships.
abstract: Gratitude, the tendency to appreciate positive occurrences in one's life that can be partially attributed to another person, has been shown to be a robust predictor of greater well-being. Researchers have also found gratitude to be inversely related to several emotional disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both of these emotional disorders are highly comorbid and share dysphoric symptoms (e.g., restricted affect, detachment, anhedonia) that could account for deficits in the experience and expression of gratitude. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test the relationships between gratitude and the symptom factors of PTSD (using the DSM-5 model) and MDD in a sample of trauma-exposed college students (N=202). Results indicated that gratitude is more strongly related to PTSD's negative alterations in mood and cognition (NAMC) factor than to other PTSD factors. Implications of these findings for the study of gratitude and trauma are discussed, including whether gratitude and gratitude-based interventions might prove particularly suited to targeting depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Van Dusen
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Mojisola F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Tiamiyu
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, George Mason University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Todd B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kashdan
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. Electronic address: jon.elhai@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Elhai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D059445:Anhedonia; D003071:Cognition; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009769:Object Attachment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: DSM-5; Gratitude; Major depressive disorder; Posttraumatic stress disorder