title: Trace elements deposition in the Tierra del Fuego region (south Patagonia) by using lichen transplants after the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (north Patagonia) volcanic eruption in 2011.
abstract: Lichen Usnea barbata transplants were tested as a biomonitor of atmospheric deposition in an apparently pristine environment that is Tierra del Fuego region (Patagonia, Argentina). The present survey is connected with the volcanic eruption that started in north Patagonia on June 4, 2011 from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano, Chile (north Patagonia, at 1700 km of distance of our sampling sites). Lichens were collected in September 2011 (one month of exposure) and September 2012 (1 year of exposure) in 27 sites covering the northern region of the province where trees are not present. The atmospheric deposition of 27 elements by using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was determined in the collected samples. The first aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the volcanic eruption on the regional atmospheric deposition comparing our results with baseline data we determined in U. barbata in 2006 in the same sites. The second aim was to test possible patterns of bioaccumulation between the two sampling campaigns after the volcanic eruption. With respect to 2006 baseline levels, we found significant higher levels for As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Na, Sb and U in lichens collected after 1 month of exposure (first sampling campaign--2011). Between the two sampling campaigns (2011-2012) after the eruption, lichens reflected the natural contamination by volcanic ashes with significantly higher median levels of Br, Cr, Fe, K, Na, Sc, and Se. Results confirmed the very good aptitude of U. barbata to reflect the levels of elements in the environment at global scale and to reflect the volcanic emissions at distant places. Volcanic eruptions cause the emission in the atmosphere of elevated levels of particulate matter. In this regard, our findings demonstrate the importance to evaluate the metal composition of the particles to avoid possible health effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, University of Rome, Sapienza, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome, Italy. marcelo.conti@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Marcelo Enrique
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-2914
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Departamento Química Nuclear, GAATEN, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. del Libertador 8250, Buenos Aires, 1429, Argentina.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jasan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via di Casalotti 300, 00166, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Finoia
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iavicoli
authors.affiliation: Departamento Química Nuclear, GAATEN, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. del Libertador 8250, Buenos Aires, 1429, Argentina.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Plá
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D001272:Atmosphere; D002677:Chile; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Atmospheric deposition; Lichen transplants; Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano; Tierra del Fuego; Trace elements; Usnea barbata