title: HDAC9, TWIST1 and FERD3L gene expression in asymptomatic stable and unstable carotid plaques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variant located at the end of HDAC9 gene within clusters of DNAse I sensitivity zones and histone modification hotspots has been associated with large vessel stroke and could be linked to plaque instability. The aim of the study is to define if an altered expression of HDAC9, TWIST1 and FERD3L genes could be involved in plaque vulnerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological classification and gene expression analysis were performed in 6 stable and 16 unstable plaques obtained from asymptomatic patients undergoing endarterectomy. Gene expression was analysed by real-time PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TWIST1 gene expression resulted higher in stable plaques (P < 0.02). HDAC9 gene expression followed a similar trend (P = 0.11). These results highlighting the significant correlation between TWIST and HDAC9 gene expression suggest that both genes may contribute to plaque stability in a coordinated way.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferronato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelati
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olivato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malerba
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy. mariagrazia.romanelli@univr.it.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Romanelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Macarena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomez-Lira
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Setacci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C486163:FERD3L protein, human; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C486544:HDAC9 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: Carotid plaques instability; HDAC9, TWIST1, FERD3L gene expression; Polymorphism