title: Understanding the Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance for Marine Mammals.
abstract: Loud anthropogenic underwater noise, such as that associated with sonar operations, pile driving, or seismic surveys, can cause behavioral and physiological disturbance to many animals that may affect their survival or ability to breed. However, no formal framework for assessing the population-level consequences of this disturbance is currently available. We describe an interim version of a framework developed by a working group on the population consequences of disturbance, funded by the US Office of Naval Research through the University of California, that can be used to assess the effects of offshore renewable energy developments on marine mammal populations.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM), The Observatory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9LZ, UK. jh17@st-andrews.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.affiliation: Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) Marine, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9SR, UK. slk@smru.co.uk.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) Marine, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9SR, UK. cgb@smru.co.uk.
authors.forename: Cormac
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM), The Observatory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9LZ, UK. carl@mcs.st-and.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM), The Observatory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9LZ, UK. rss5@st-andrews.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM), The Observatory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9LZ, UK. len@mcs.st-and.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Len
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Marine Mammal Commission, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. new@usgs.gov.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: New
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics; D014907:Whales / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Noise; Renewable energy