title: Transdermal solid delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate using self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system as vehicle: Formulation, evaluation and vesicle-skin interaction.
abstract: The present study investigated a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate to improve epigallocatechin-3-gallate skin retention. The long chain solid lipids (cetostearyl alcohol) and macadamia oil were utilized as a carrier to deliver the bioactive ingredient. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the formulation, and the solid lipid to total lipid weight ratio, concentration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and hydrophilic surfactant on skin retention were found to be the principal factors. The optimum formulation with high encapsulation efficiency (95.75%), self-double-emulsification performance (99.58%) and skin retention (87.24%) were derived from the fitted models and experimentally examined, demonstrating a reasonable agreement between experimental and predicted values. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system was found to be stable for 3 months. Transdermal studies could explain a higher skin diffusion of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from the self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system compared with EGCG aqueous solution. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that epigallocatechin-3-gallate-self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system did not exert hazardous effect on L929 cells up to 1:10.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Caibiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chengyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China xiaq@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001682:Biological Availability; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D051379:Mice; D010316:Particle Size; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
keywords: Self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system; biocompatibility; epigallocatechin-3-gallate; optimize; transdermal