title: Soil recovery across a chronosequence of restored wetlands in the Florida Everglades.
abstract: The restoration project in the Hole-in-the-Donut of Everglades National Park in Florida, USA is to reestablish native wetlands by complete removal of the invasive plants and the associated soil. However, there is little information available about changes in properties of the newly formed Marl soils in restored wetlands. In this study, we measured soil physicochemical properties, soil enzymatic activities, and stable isotopes of carbon (δ(13)C) in plants and soil organic carbon (SOC) in an undisturbed natural wetland (UNW) and three wetlands restored respectively in 1989, 1996 and 1999 (WR89, WR96 and WR99). The older restored wetlands (WR89 and WR96) are characterized by greater SOC and mineral nitrogen. The values of soil dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in the four wetlands follow the order: UNW > WR89 > WR96 > WR99, and are consistent with changes in vegetation coverage. The principal component analysis shows that dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities are the vital variables contributing to the soil of UNW. The similar δ(13)C values of SOC and plants in the restored wetlands suggest the formation of SOC during restoration is mainly derived from the associated plants. These results indicate that the newly restored soils develop toward the soil in the UNW with time since restoration.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.|Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
authors.forename: Qibing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.
authors.forename: Yuncong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.|College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D005431:Florida; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D012987:Soil; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D012987:Soil