title: Patient-ventilator asynchrony.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the review is to alert clinicians to the prevalent and frequently underrecognized problem of asynchrony in mechanically ventilated patients. To provide a mechanistic model of patient-ventilator asynchrony to help personnel understand how different asynchronies develop. To provide practical advice on how to recognize and solve different asynchronies in different contexts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient-ventilator asynchrony is a serious problem that is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, prolonged ICU and hospital stays, and increased mortality. Asynchronies can occur in all modes of invasive and noninvasive ventilation in all care contexts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review provides insights into the causes of patient-ventilator asynchrony and mechanisms involved in the development of specific types of asynchrony. It explores the effects of sedation on the development of asynchrony and the impact of new ventilator modes. It also discusses the prevalence of asynchrony and its effects on outcome.
authors.affiliation: aClínica Bazterrica y Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina bDepartment of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy cCritical Care Center, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitaria Universitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell dCIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid eInstitut de Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, I3PT, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Gaston
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murias
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lucangelo
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blanch
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000009:adverse effects