title: Understanding intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: One of the main aspects of theory of mind is intentionality which refers to recognizing other people's intentions in their behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty children with ADHD were compared to thirty age- and IQ-matched normal children. All participants were assessed using the moving shapes paradigm task which contains one large red and one small blue triangle moving around a black screen. They were asked to describe what the movements mean and how the triangles interact with each other. The answers were rated based on the accuracy, type of descriptions applied, mental states, and length of phrases. With regard to intentionality score, children with ADHD performed significantly worse than normal children (P < .05). Based on appropriateness score, the accuracy of patients' answers was lower in comparison with the control group. Children with ADHD used longer phrases as compared to controls. Children with ADHD can have problems with comprehending others' intentionality. This leads to impairment in social relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Avenue, Tehran, 1333715914, Iran.|Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Avenue, Tehran, 1333715914, Iran. tehranid@sina.tums.ac.ir.|Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran. tehranid@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tehrani-Doost
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khorrami
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noorian
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D056345:Theory of Mind
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Intentionality; Moving shapes paradigm; Theory of mind