title: Polymeric vs hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds on dental pulp stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials.
  
  
  METHODS
  hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues of extracted wisdom teeth and established in stem cell growth medium. hDPSCs at passage 3-5 were seeded on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials, SureOss (Allograft), Cerabone (Xenograft), PLLA (Synthetic), and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite), for 7 and 14 d in osteogenic medium. Cell adhesion and morphology to the scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic lineage were evaluated using DNA counting and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All scaffold biomaterials except SureOss (Allograft) supported hDPSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. hDPSCs seeded on PLLA (Synthetic) scaffold showed the highest cell proliferation and attachment as indicated with both SEM and DNA counting assay. Evaluating the osteogenic differentiation capability of hDPSCs on different scaffold biomaterials with ALP activity assay showed high level of ALP activity on cells cultured on PLLA (Synthetic) and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite) scaffolds. SEM micrographs also showed that in the presence of Cerabone (Xenograft) and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite) scaffolds, the hDPSCs demonstrated the fibroblastic phenotype with several cytoplasmic extension, while the cells on PLLA scaffold showed the osteoblastic-like morphology, round-like shape.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLLA scaffold supports adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Hence, it may be useful in combination with hDPSCs for cell-based reconstructive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Arash Khojasteh, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khojasteh
authors.affiliation: Arash Khojasteh, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Motamedian
authors.affiliation: Arash Khojasteh, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam Rezai
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.affiliation: Arash Khojasteh, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrnoosh Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shahriari
authors.affiliation: Arash Khojasteh, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nadjmi
keywords: Bone; Human dental pulp stem cell; PLLA; Stem cell; Tissue engineering