title: Candidate chemosensory genes identified in Colaphellus bowringi by antennal transcriptome analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since chemosensory genes play key roles in insect behaviour, they can potentially be used as new targets for pest control. The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi, is a serious insect pest of cruciferous vegetables in China and other Asian countries. However, a systematic identification of the chemosensory genes expressed in the antennae has not been reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assembled the antennal transcriptome of C. bowringi by using Illumina sequencing technology and identified 104 candidate chemosensory genes by analyzing transcriptomic data, which included transcripts encoding 26 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), four sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 43 odorant receptors (ORs), nine ionotropic receptors (IRs), and ten gustatory receptors (GRs). The data obtained are similar to those found in other coleopteran species, suggesting that our approach successfully identified the chemosensory genes of C. bowringi. The expression patterns of 43 OR genes, some of which were predominately found in the antenna or associated with sex-biased expression, were analyzed using quantitative real time RT-PCR (qPCR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that a large number of chemosensory genes are expressed in C. bowringi. These candidate chemosensory genes and their expression profiles in various tissues provide further information on understanding their function in C. bowringi as well as other insects, and identifying potential targets to disrupt the odorant system in C. bowringi so that new methods for pest management can be developed.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. lixiaomingchnu@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. 805121031@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xiu-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. 2249543361@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. chrissy96@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China. fcc.phe@gzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. 2360528717@qq.com.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China. liangsun@tricaas.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. dengdg@263.net.
authors.forename: Dao-Gui
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China. ynzhang_insect@163.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000378:metabolism*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D063990:Gene Ontology; D017344:Genes, Insect; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010802:Phylogeny; D059467:Transcriptome