title: The pharmacokinetics of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, tulobuterol, in Beagle dogs following transdermal and intravenous administration.
abstract: Tulobuterol is a β2-adrenergic agonist that was the first bronchodilator approved as a transdermal patch for humans. Previous studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of tulobuterol in humans but not in the veterinary species. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of tulobuterol was examined in healthy Beagle dogs after transdermal and intravenous administration. The Cmax was 2.09 ng/mL at 16.0 h for a 0.2 mg/kg patch and 4.85 ng/mL at 13.6 h for a 0.4 mg/kg patch. The effective blood level in humans is 1-3 ng/mL, a concentration achieved using the 0.2 mg/kg patch in dogs. In conclusion, application of a 0.2 mg/kg tulobuterol patch to healthy dogs led to an apparently effective blood concentration for 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, South Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea. Electronic address: kootae@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Daejeon, South Korea. Electronic address: kwseo@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; C010809:tulobuterol; D013726:Terbutaline
keywords: Canine; Pharmacokinetics; Transdermal patch; Tulobuterol; β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist