title: Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Winery-Derived Biomass Waste Degradation by Penicillium chrysogenum.
abstract: Winery-derived biomass waste was degraded by Penicillium chrysogenum under solid state fermentation over 8 days in a (2)H2O-supplemented medium. Multivariate statistical analysis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data resulted in the identification of 94 significant metabolites, within 28 different metabolic pathways. The majority of biomass sugars were utilized by day 4 to yield products such as sugars, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and amino acids. The fungus was observed to metabolize xylose to xylitol, an intermediate of ethanol production. However, enzyme inhibition and autolysis were observed from day 6, indicating 5 days as the optimal time for fermentation. P. chrysogenum displayed metabolism of pentoses (to alcohols) and degraded tannins and lignins, properties that are lacking in other biomass-degrading ascomycetes. Rapid fermentation (3-5 days) may not only increase the pentose metabolizing efficiency but also increase the yield of medicinally important metabolites, such as syringate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.|Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), P.O. Box 2583, Dutton Park, Queensland 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Avinash V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.affiliation: Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), P.O. Box 2583, Dutton Park, Queensland 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Nainesh B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Godhani
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , P.O. Box 2547, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Enzo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Palombo
mesh_terms: D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D001315:Australia; D018533:Biomass; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005988:Glyceric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D055442:Metabolome; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005988:Glyceric Acids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; C005156:3-phosphoglycerate
keywords: GC-MS; metabolomics; multivariate statistics; solid-state fermentation; winery biomass