title: A Common Genetic Variant in the Insulin Receptor Gene Is Associated with Eating Difficulties at 2 Years of Age in a Cohort of Preterm Infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children born preterm are more likely than full-term infants to develop eating difficulties that can affect their growth. Although this behavior is certainly influenced by their fetal and postnatal history, a large individual variability exists that results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. We performed an original pilot study to identify common genetic variants associated with eating difficulties at 2 years of age in the POLYNUCA cohort of preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eating behavior was assessed using a parental questionnaire in a cohort of 234 very preterm infants (including 38 pairs of twins). Eighty-two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected in a total of 40 candidate genes involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eating behavior was strongly correlated in monozygotic (r = 0.92, p = 0.001) but not dizygotic twins (r = 0.27, p = 0.14), suggesting a strong heritability of this trait. One SNP (rs11671975) in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene was significantly associated with eating behavior. This effect was maintained after adjustment for birth weight Z score and maternal education level, two factors that are associated with eating difficulties at 2 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The INSR gene is potentially associated with eating difficulties in preterm infants.
authors.affiliation: UMR 1280, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universitx00E9; de Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amarger
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouvagnet
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moyon
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaiman
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darmaun
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Lauzon-Guillain
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robitaille
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamant
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rozé
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parnet
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C435941:INSR protein, human; D011972:Receptor, Insulin