title: Identification of Anti-Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acid IgG Antibodies in Serum of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: High levels of serum long chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) have been associated with inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Dietary SFAs can promote inflammation, the secretion of IgG antibodies, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. This study characterizes anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies from patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum samples from several cohorts with type 2 diabetes were analyzed for the presence of anti-LCSFA IgG, the cytokine IL-1β, and nonesterified fatty acids. Anti-LCSFA IgG was isolated from patient samples and used for in vitro characterization of avidity and specificity. A cohort participating in En Balance, a diabetes health education program that improved diabetes management, tested positive for anti-LCSFA IgG. Following the 3-month program, the cohort showed a significant reduction in anti-LCSFA IgG levels. Anti-LCSFA antibodies isolated from these patients demonstrated high avidity, were specific for long chain SFAs, and correlated with serum fatty acids in patients with managed type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, anti-LCSFA IgG neutralized PA-induced IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells. Our data shows that nonesterified SFAs are recognized by IgG antibodies present in human blood. The identification of anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies in human sera establishes a basis for further exploration of lipid induced immune responses in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA ; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Dequina A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Lorena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Salto
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Ava M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boston
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Nan Sun
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larios
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA ; Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Sanitarium Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: W Lawrence
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Beeson
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, JL Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Firek
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA ; Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, 11245 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Casiano
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA ; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: William H R
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Langridge
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA ; Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Sanitarium Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA ; Whittier College, 13406 Philadelphia Street, Whittier, CA 90601, USA.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cordero-MacIntyre
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Marino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Leon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019308:Palmitic Acid