title: Gender Differences in the Behavioral Symptom Severity of Prader-Willi Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study measured gender differences in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in regard to the severity of behavioral symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Food Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Japanese Version, the Childhood Routines Inventory, the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale, and Japanese ADHD-RS were administered to PWS patients (45 males aged 6 to 58 and 37 females aged 6 to 45). To examine the effects that gender and genotype have on the severity of each symptom, two-way ANOVAs were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant interactions were found only in regard to FRPQ scores, such as FRPQ total score (F(1, 78) = 8.43, p < 0.01). The FRPQ of male deletion (DEL) individuals was higher than that of female DEL and male mUPD. The FRPQ of male maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) was lower than that of female mUPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of problem behaviors, routines, autistic behaviors, and hyperactivity, no significant differences were found. Food-related behaviors in DEL were more severe in males, although those in mUPD were less severe in males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan ; Ikezawa Hospital, 551 Shimo-Shingo, Hanyu, Saitama 348-0046, Japan ; Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu-Machi, Shimotuka-Gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gito
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan ; Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu-Machi, Shimotuka-Gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Nakagawanosato Ryoiku Center, 222 Shimo-Akaiwa, Matsubushi-Machi, Kita-Katsushika-Gun, Saitama 343-0116, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ayabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu-Machi, Shimotuka-Gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult