title: Triggered release of model drug from AuNP-doped BSA nanocarriers in hair follicles using IRA radiation.
abstract: Recent advances in the field of dermatotherapy have resulted in research efforts focusing on the use of particle-based drug delivery systems for the stimuli-responsive release of drugs in the skin and skin appendages, i.e. hair follicles and sebaceous glands. However, effective and innocuous trigger mechanisms which result in the release of the drugs from the nanocarriers upon reaching the target structures are still lacking. For the first time, the present study demonstrated the photo-activated release of the model drug fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) from topically applied gold nanoparticle-doped bovine serum albumin (AuNPs-doped BSA) particles (approx. 545nm) using water-filtered infrared A (IRA) radiation in the hair follicles of an ex vivo porcine skin model. The IRA radiation-induced plasmonic heating of the AuNPs results in the partial decomposition or opening of the albumin particles and release the model drug, while control particles without AuNPs show insignificant release. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using IRA radiation to induce release of encapsulated drugs from plasmonic nanocarriers for the targeting of follicular structures. However, the risk of radiation-induced skin damage subsequent to repeated applications of high infrared dosages may be significant. Future studies should aim at determining the suitability of lower infrared A dosages, such as for medical treatment regimens which may necessitate repeated exposure to therapeutics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Follicular targeting using nanocarriers is of increasing importance in the prophylaxis and treatment of dermatological or other diseases. For the first time, the present study demonstrated the photo-activated release of the model drug fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) from topically applied gold nanoparticle-doped bovine serum albumin (AuNPs-doped BSA) particles using water-filtered infrared A (IRA) radiation in the hair follicles of an ex vivo porcine skin model. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using wIRA radiation to induce release of encapsulated drugs for the targeting of follicular structures, and provide a new vision on the development of optically addressable delivery systems for controlled release of drugs in the skin and skin appendages, i.e. hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knorr
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patzelt
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darvin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rühl
authors.affiliation: Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renneberg
authors.affiliation: Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden; Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linkӧping University, Sweden. Electronic address: wing.cheung.mak@liu.se.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mak
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007259:Infrared Rays; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D006046:Gold; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: Hair follicles; IRA radiation; Nanoparticles; Plasmonic resonance; Triggered drug release