title: Liver Cancer Detection by a Simple, Inexpensive and Effective Immunosensor with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.
abstract: Regular monitoring of blood α-fetoprotein (AFP) and/or carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) levels is important for the routine screening of liver cancer. However, AFP and CEA have a much lower specificity than des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) to detect liver cancer. Therefore, the study reported here was designed, to develop a screen-printed DCP immunosensor incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles, for accurate determination of DCP. The designed immunosensor shows low detection limits for the detection of DCP: 0.440 ng/mL (based on impedance measurement), 0.081 ng/mL (based on real part of impedance measurement) and 0.078 ng/mL (based on imaginary part of impedance measurement), within the range of 3.125 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. In addition, there was little interference to DCP determination by molecules such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca(2+), Cl(-), glucose, urea, and uric acid. It is therefore concluded that the DCP immunosensor developed and reported here is simple, inexpensive and effective, and shows promise in the rapid screening of early-stage liver cancer at home with a point-of-care approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan. tsching@ncnu.edu.tw.|Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan. tsching@ncnu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Congo Tak-Shing
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Science (Vietnam National University of Hochiminh City), District 5, Hochiminh City 999100, Vietnam. nvhieu@hcmus.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Hieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan. s103323905@mail1.ncnu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Teng-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan. lsfu@vghtc.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Lin-Shien
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan. president.sun@nkut.edu.tw.|Department of Electronics Engineering, Nan Kai University of Technology, Nantou 54243, Taiwan. president.sun@nkut.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tai-Ping
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan. s102323520@mail1.ncnu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ming-Yen
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan. shhuang@asia.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Su-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Science &amp; Technology, Hong Kong Community College, Hong Kong, China. ydyao@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Yan-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D007158:Immunologic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D011516:Prothrombin; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: DCP; immunosensor; liver cancer; nanoparticle; screening