title: Associations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Clinical Outcomes in Korean Sepsis Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. We investigated the associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1045411) in HMGB1 with various clinical parameters, severity, and prognosis in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 212 adult patients followed for 28 days. All patients were genotyped for rs1045411, and the serum levels of HMGB1 and several cytokines were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of patients according to genotype were GG (71.2%), GA (26.4%), and AA (2.4%). Among patients with chronic lung disease comorbidity, patients with a variant A allele had higher positive blood culture rates and higher levels of various cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α] than those with the GG genotype. In the analysis of those with diabetes as a comorbidity, patients with a variant A allele had higher blood culture and Gram-negative culture rates than those with GG genotypes; these patients also had a higher levels of IL-17. In the analysis of those with sepsis caused by a respiratory tract infection, patients with a variant A allele had higher levels of IL-10 and IL-17 (all p<0.05). This polymorphism had no significant impact on patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variant A allele of rs1045411 appears to be associated with a more severe inflammatory response than the GG genotype under specific conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Youjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyuyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chae Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yskoh@amc.seoul.kr.
authors.forename: Younsuck
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D013534:Survival; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508717:IL17A protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: High mobility group box 1; rs1045411; sepsis; single nucleotide polymorphisms; the variant A allele