title: Biodegradable Photonic Melanoidin for Theranostic Applications.
abstract: Light-absorbing nanoparticles for localized heat generation in tissues have various biomedical applications in diagnostic imaging, surgery, and therapies. Although numerous plasmonic and carbon-based nanoparticles with strong optical absorption have been developed, their clearance, potential cytotoxicity, and long-term safety issues remain unresolved. Here, we show that "generally regarded as safe (GRAS)" melanoidins prepared from glucose and amino acid offer a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonmutagenicity, and efficient renal clearance, as well as a low cost for synthesis. We exhibit a wide range of biomedical photonic applications of melanoidins, including in vivo photoacoustic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes, photoacoustic tracking of gastrointestinal tracts, photothermal cancer therapy, and photothermal lipolysis. The biodegradation rate and renal clearance of melanoidins are controllable by design. Our results confirm the feasibility of biodegradable melanoidins for various photonic applications to theranostic nanomedicines.
authors.affiliation: Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Company Ltd. , Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Changho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Mansik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Ki Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Chulhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sei Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D017785:Photons; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; C011908:melanoidin polymers; D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose
keywords: biodegradable; melanoidin; photoacoustic; photothermal; theranostics