title: Modulation of osteoblast behavior on TiNxOy coatings by altering the N/O stoichiometry while maintaining a high thrombogenic potential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Titanium nitride oxide (TiNxOy) coatings are known to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osseointegration when compared to microrough titanium implants. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the beneficial effects of TiNxOy coatings observed with implant osseointegration are dependent on N/O stoichiometry, with the final goal of optimizing these benefits. MMS: TiNxOy coatings with various N/O compositions were deposited on microrough titanium plates (Ti-SLA, 11 × 11 mm). Human primary osteoblast (hOBs) proliferation and gene expression were analyzed for a time course of three weeks, with or without additional stimulation by 1.25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 100 nM. Platelet adhesion/activation and thrombin generation were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hOBs proliferation gradually increased with the amount of oxygen contained in the coatings. The effect was observed from day 7 to reach a maximum at day 10, with a 1.8 fold increase for the best coating as compared to Ti-SLA. SEM views indicated that cells adhered, spread and elongated faster on oxygen-rich TiNxOy films, while the differentiation process as well as the thombogenic potential was not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of TiNxOy coatings on osteoblast is dependent on their chemical composition; it increases with the amount of oxygen. TiNxOy coatings may act as a catalyst for cell-adhesion and proliferation early after seeding. In contrast, thrombogenicity of Ti-SLA surface is not affected by TiNxOy application.
authors.affiliation: Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, University of Geneva, HUG and Geneva Platelet Group, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.affiliation: Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattani-Lorente
authors.affiliation: Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susanne S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.affiliation: Neode, High school of Engineering ARC, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Banakh
authors.affiliation: Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anselm H W
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wiskott
authors.affiliation: Division of fixed prosthodontics and biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland stephane.durual@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durual
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C434243:titanium-nitride-oxide; D014025:Titanium; D013917:Thrombin
keywords: Titanium-nitride-oxide coating; cell differentiation; primary osteoblast; stoichiometry; surface modification; thrombogenicity