title: Capsule enteroscopy is useful for the therapeutic management of Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze therapeutic changes in Crohn's disease (CD) patients following video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and to assess the usefulness of Lewis score and the Patency Capsule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patency Capsule was performed in every patient that had indication for VCE, and those with negative patency did not undergo VCE. Patients with established CD that underwent VCE between January 2011 and February 2014 were selected for this study; those with suspected CD were excluded, independent of VCE results, since our purpose was to address differences in therapeutic regimen in CD patients before and after VCE. Patients with inconclusive VCE were also excluded. Patients had to be free of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for at least 1 mo. Those patients who met these criteria were allocated into one of three groups: Staging group (asymptomatic CD patients that underwent VCE for staging of CD), Flare group (patients with active CD), or Post-op group (CD patients evaluated for post-operative recurrence). Lewis score was calculated for every VCE procedure. Statistical analysis was performed to address the impact of VCE findings on the therapeutic management of CD patients and to evaluate the utility of the Lewis score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 542 VCEs, 135 were performed in patients with CD. Patency capsule excluded nearly 25% of the patients who were supposed to undergo VCE. No videocapsule retention during VCE was reported. From these 135 patients, 29 were excluded because CD diagnosis was not established at the time of VCE. Therefore, a total of 106 patients were included in the final analysis. From these, the majority were in the Staging group (n = 73, 69%), and the remaining were in the Flare (n = 23, 22%) or Post-op (n = 10, 9%) group. Median time between diagnosis and VCE was 5.5 years. Overall, VCE determined changes in the treatment of 40% of patients: only 21% remained free of immunosuppressors after VCE compared to 44% before VCE (P < 0.001). The differences in therapy before and after VCE achieved statistical significance in the Staging and Flare groups. In addition, patients were significantly different when stratified regarding time since diagnosis to the date of VCE. A higher Lewis score was associated with therapeutic modifications (P < 0.0001); where a score higher than 1354 was related to 90% probability of changing therapy [area under the receiver operative characteristic (AUROC) 0.80 (95%CI: 0.69-0.88)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCE significantly changed the therapeutic management of CD patients, even in those with long-term disease. Systematic use of Patency capsule allowed for no videocapsule retention.
authors.affiliation: João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santos-Antunes
authors.affiliation: João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Hélder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Amadeu C R
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D053705:Capsule Endoscopes; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Capsule enteroscopy; Crohn’s disease; Lewis score; Patency capsule; Treatment modification