title: Systemic Diseases and Conditions Affecting Jaws.
abstract: This article discusses the radiographic manifestation of jaw lesions whose etiology may be traced to underlying systemic disease. Some changes may be related to hematologic or metabolic disorders. A group of bone changes may be associated with disorders of the endocrine system. It is imperative for the clinician to compare the constantly changing and dynamic maxillofacial skeleton to the observed radiographic pathology as revealed on intraoral and extraoral imagery.
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Clinical Services, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kuperstein
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Suite 214, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: mmd@dental.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mupparapu
mesh_terms: D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Effaced-border; Generalized lesion; Ill-defined border; Localized lesion; Mixed lesion; Radiolucency; Radiopacity; Root resorption