title: [Determination of the Association Between Smoking and Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke using a Competing Risks Model].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between smoking and ischemic stroke recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective follow-up study of patients with first incidence of stroke. A competing risks model was used to establish the association between smoking and stroke recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 594 stroke patients were recruited. Among the 361 male patients, 59 recurrent events and 13 competing events occurred. Among the 233 female patients (all were non-smokers), 49 recurrent events and 11 competing events occurred. Adjusted for confounding factors, male nonsmokers exposed to passive smoking had a SHR of 3. 040 in comparison with those without exposure to smoking and the P value was borderline significant. Those who smoked 100-200 cigarettes a year had a SHR of 0. 947. The other groups with exposure to smoking had a greater than 1 SHR, but without statistical significance. Moreover, no significant associations between recurrence of ischemic stroke and smoking index/cumulative smoking were found. The female nonsmokers who had exposure to passive smoking only at follow-ups had a SHR of 1. 4 (and all other groups had less than 1 SHR). But no statistical significances were found in the comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research with a larger sample size is needed to establish the association between smoking and recurrence of ischemic stroke.
authors.forename: Feng-yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Pei-jing
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Meng-dong
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Cai-rong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution