title: Maternal conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reverses high-fat diet-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and inflammation in adult male rat offspring.
abstract: A high-saturated-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation leads to metabolic disorders in offspring concomitant with increased adiposity and a proinflammatory phenotype in later life. During the fetal period, the impact of maternal diet on skeletal muscle development is poorly described, despite this tissue exerting a major influence on life-long metabolic health. This study investigated the effect of a maternal HFD on skeletal muscle anabolic, catabolic, and inflammatory signaling in adult rat offspring. Furthermore, the actions of maternal-supplemented conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on these measures of muscle phenotype were investigated. A purified control diet (CD; 10% kcal fat), a CD supplemented with CLA (CLA; 10% kcal fat, 1% total fat as CLA), a high-fat (HFD; 45% kcal fat from lard), or a HFD supplemented with CLA (HFCLA; 45% kcal fat from lard, 1% total fat as CLA) was fed ad libitum to female Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 days before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring received a standard chow diet from weaning, and the gastrocnemius was collected for analysis at day 150. Offspring from HF and HFCLA mothers displayed lower muscular protein content accompanied by elevated monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations. Phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 (Ser(536)) and expression of the catabolic E3 ligase muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) were increased in HF offspring, an effect reversed by maternal CLA supplementation. The present study demonstrates the importance of early life interventions to ameliorate the negative effects of poor maternal diet on offspring skeletal muscle development.
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pileggi
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Markworth
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Milan
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and.
authors.forename: M P G
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.affiliation: Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; d.cameron-smith@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cameron-Smith
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: maternal obesity; nuclear factor-κB