title: The extent of stretched lamellar cleavage and visual acuity in macular pseudoholes.
abstract: To evaluate the extent of lamellar cleavage and its association with preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA) in macular pseudoholes.
  
  
  
  One eye each of 50 patients with macular pseudohole who underwent vitrectomy was retrospectively investigated. Preoperative macular pseudoholes were evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images taken radially around the central fovea at 30° intervals. The macular pseudoholes were categorised into stage 1 (no cleavage), stage 2 (localised cleavage with (2b) and without (2a) crossing central fovea) and stage 3 (diffuse cleavage).
  
  
  
  Among the 50 macular pseudoholes, 14, 13, 9 and 14 were categorised into stages 1, 2a, 2b and 3, respectively. The extent of stretched cleavages was associated with worse baseline VA (p=0.0049 by multiple regression model). After surgery, the stretched lamellar cleavage disappeared in 32 patients out of 36 who were postoperatively examined by SD-OCT. In addition, the extensive cleavage (stage 2b/3) independently predicted larger postoperative VA recovery at 3 months by 0.105 logMAR compared with no/mild cleavage (stage 1/2a, p=0.030 by multiple regression model).
  
  
  
  Although advanced cleavage in macular pseudohole is associated with worse VA before surgery, even an advanced pseudohole could show favourable visual recovery after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Murilo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Roggia
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
keywords: Macula