title: Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma increased mRNA expression of growth factors in human gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) on the cellular activity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) for possible non-surgical application of it during gingival wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  HGF cells were exposed with NTAPPJ for 1, 2, and 4 min and were investigated for cellular attachment, cell viability, morphology of attached cells, proliferation rate, and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of various growth factors. Also, scavengers for chemicals produced by NTAPPJ were used to identify the chemical species responsible for the effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant change in the number of HGF cells attached or their proliferation following NTAPPJ exposure. Also, high cell viability resulted from exposure of all of HGF cells to NTAPPJ for 1, 2, and 4 min. However, cells were more stretched while the mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly increased following NTAPPJ exposure. Additionally, the scavenger test showed that nitric oxide is likely to be the chemical responsible for an increase of cellular activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that the NTAPPJ increased mRNA expressions of growth factors in human gingival fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of NTAPPJ would be useful in gingival wound healing in clinics though additional studies confirming the effects would be needed.
authors.affiliation: BK21 PLUS Project, Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chong-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21 PLUS Project, Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Nam
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: BK21 PLUS Project, Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea. kmkim@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Kwang-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D058626:Plasma Gases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Gingival fibroblast; Growth factors; Nitric oxide; Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma