title: Uterine blood flow indices, antinuclear autoantibodies and unexplained recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the correlation between 2D and 3D uterine flow indexes and the presence or the absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two subjects (26 uRM and 26 control women) underwent 2D Doppler measurement of pulsatility index and resistance index of the uterine arteries in both the follicular and midluteal phase of the cycle. Additionally, 3D ultrasonography determination of vascularisation index, flow index, and vascularisation flow index was carried out with the aid of the VOCAL technique. Serum assay for the presence of ANA was performed in all women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulsatility index of ANA+ uRM women was higher than that of ANA- uRM women and control ANA+ and ANAwomen, both in the follicular and in the midluteal phase of the cycle. Vascularisation index in ANA- uRM women was significantly higher than that in ANA+ control women. Flow index in uRM ANA+ women was significantly lower than that of each of the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANA might be involved in uRM by determining an impairment in uterine blood flow hemodynamic, particularly in uterine blood flow intensity and uterine artery impedance.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietropolli
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Capogna
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piccione
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ticconi
keywords: 3D Doppler; Antinuclear autoantibodies; Recurrent miscarriage; Uterine artery blood flow; VOCAL