title: Study on chemical analysis, antioxidant and in vitro antifungal activities of essential oil from wild Vitex agnus-castus L. seeds growing in area of Argan Tree of Morocco against clinical strains of Candida responsible for nosocomial infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the composition, the antioxidant activity and the in vitro antifungal action anti-Candida species of essential oils extracted from seeds of Vite xagnus-castus L.
  
  
  METHODS
  The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH free radical-scavenging method. Susceptibility tests for Candida albicans (12), C. dubliniensis (1), C. glabrata (3), C. krusei (3), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lusitaniae (1), C. famata (1) and C. tropicalis (3) were expressed as inhibition zone by the disc-diffusion method and as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) by the broth macrodilution method, compared to amphotricin B and fluconazol as standard drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major components were: 1,8-cineole (19.61%), sabinene (14.57%), α-pinene (9.76%), β-farnesene (6.04%), β-caryophyllene oxide (5.83%) and β-caryophyllene (5.02%). A low antioxidant activity was found (IC50=1.072mg/ml), but it can be exploited. V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils disosed a 35-58mm zone of inhibition (mean: 49mm) against all 30 isolates tested. In broth macrodilution method, all the tested Candida species were susceptible to the essential oils and this activity was concentration-dependent. MIC values varied from 0.13 to 2.13mg/ml V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study indicated that the oils of plant origin could be used as potential anti-Candida species causative agents of nosocomial infections. These oils exhibited a noticeable antifungal activity against the selected fungi. The natural antifungal substances are inexpensive and have fewer side effects, they may represent alternative therapies for candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Équipe Planta Sud, laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco. Electronic address: asdadiali@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asdadi
authors.affiliation: Équipe Planta Sud, laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamdouch
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, lutte biologique et phytochimie, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oukacha
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie, hôpital militaire Avicenne, CHU Med VI, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moutaj
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de chimie des plantes et de synthèse organique et bioorganique, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed V-Agdal, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gharby
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de chimie des plantes et de synthèse organique et bioorganique, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed V-Agdal, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harhar
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de génie des procédés, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Hadek
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de mécanique de procédé de l'énergie et de l'environnement, école nationale des sciences appliquées, université Ibn Zohr, BP 1136, Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chebli
authors.affiliation: Équipe Planta Sud, laboratoire de biotechnologies végétales, faculté des sciences d'Agadir, université Ibn Zohr, BP 28/S, Agadir, Morocco.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Idrissi Hassani
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009018:Morocco; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014197:Trees; D020950:Vitex / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Antifongique; Antifungal; Antioxidant activities; Candida sp. activité antioxydante; Candida species; Essential oil of seeds; GC/MS; Huile essentielle; Infections nosocomiales; Nosocomial infections; Vitex agnus-castus L.