title: Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Leishmania tropica: Investigation of a Case Infected with Simultaneous Cutaneous and Viscerotropic Leishmaniasis by 2-Dimentional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viscerotropic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica poses a significant problem in the diagnosis and treatment management. Since differential gene expression is more important in outcome of the infection, we employed proteomic approach to identify potential proteins involved in visceralization of L. tropica.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proteomes profiling of L. tropica isolated from cutaneous and visceral tissues of one host were compared by 2-DE/MS proteomics study. Moreover, the transcript level of some identified proteins was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 700 protein spots that were detected reproducibly on each gel, 135 were found to be differentially expressed (P≤ 0.05). Most of responsive proteins in visceral isolate changed in less abundant compared to cutaneous isolate. Among differentially expressed proteins, 56 proteins were confidently identified and classified according to the biological process. The largest groups consist of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Most of the identified proteins, which implicated in energy metabolism, cell signaling and virulence were down-regulated, whereas some proteins that have a role in protein folding, antioxidant defense and proteolysis were up-regulated in visceral form. Moreover, the transcript level of some identified proteins such as co-chaperon was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L. tropica probably uses different mechanisms for survival and multiplication in viscera to establish viscerotropic leishmaniasis. The current study provides some clues into the mechanisms underlying the dissemination of L. tropica .
authors.affiliation: D ept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hajjaran
authors.affiliation: D ept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burchmore
authors.affiliation: D ept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran ; Research Center for Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohebali
authors.affiliation: Agriculture institute, Iranian Research organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi Bazargani
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, (ABRI), Karaj, Iran ; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACCER, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghasem Hosseini
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Salekdeh
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kazemi-Rad
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khoramizadeh
keywords: 2-DE; L. tropica; LC mass spectrometry; Proteome; Viscerotropic leishmaniasis