title: Evaluation of Ozone Application in Dental Unit Water Lines Contaminated with Pathogenic Acanthamoeba.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study morphological and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba strains, isolated from dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) were surveyed and the levels of disinfection achievable in vitro by the application of ozone disinfectant to DUWLs were evaluate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Water samples were collected from air-water syringes, cup fillers and tap water before and at the end of the working day. They were cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA) plates. Species identification was carried out with a PCR assay based on sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. The cellular response to ozone was tested on Acanthamoeba cyst with different doses at different contact time in vitro twice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence rates for Acanthamoeba contamination were 100, 100 and 72% for air-water syringes, cup fillers and tap water, respectively. The morphological analysis revealed the presence of A. castellanii, A. griffin, A. hatchitti and A. lenticulata. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed the four strains to be closely related to a sequence type (T3, T4, T5 and T11). Acanthamoeba cells were stained with trypan blue, which revealed killed of Acanthamoeba instantaneously after 10 minutes in ozonized water. There was no growth of Acanthamoeba occurred after ozone treatment in water bottles for 5 minutes with a flow rate of 500 mg/hour. Conclusion : Ozone can play an important role in controlling the problem of contamination of DUWLs as a potent disinfectant.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Lab, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hikal
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Surgery and Oral Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
authors.forename: Basma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.affiliation: Laser applications in Fixed Prosthodontics, Prosthodontics Research Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sabry
keywords: Acanthamoeba spp.; Dental units water lines; Ozone; PCR