title: Host Innate Immune Responses of Ducks Infected with Newcastle Disease Viruses of Different Pathogenicities.
abstract: Though previous studies have identified two strains of duck-origin Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with varying levels of pathogenicity, the relationship between the early-phase host innate immune response, and pathogenesis of ducks infected with these strains in the lungs and thymuses remains unclear. In this study, we compared the viral distribution and mRNA expression of immune-related genes in ducks following infection with two NDV strains, Duck/CH/GD/SS/10 (SS-10) and Duck/CH/GD/NH/10 (NH-10). Both NDV strains replicated systemically in tested tissues (i.e., small intestine, cecal tonsils, brain, lung, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen) and exhibited different biological properties in duck pathogenicity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of TLR3, TLR7, RIG-I, MDA5, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma in the lungs was significantly greater than in the respective thymus genes during the early post infection stage. However, in the lungs, the expression of TLR3, TLR7, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and MHC II induced by SS-10 at 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) was less than with NH-10. Furthermore, the expression of IL-6 and IFN-beta in the lungs and thymuses following infection with SS-10 was greater than that with NH-10 at 24 and 48 hpi. These results highlight important differences in host innate immune responses, courses of infection, and pathogenesis following NDV infection. Further studies should work to expand understandings of the molecular mechanisms related to NDV infection.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yinfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory for Repository and Application of Pathogenic Microbiology, Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Runyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Minsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Minhua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yangtong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou, China ; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ren
keywords: Newcastle disease virus; duck; host innate immune responses; lung; thymus