title: HIV reservoirs: what, where and how to target them.
abstract: One of the main challenges in the fight against HIV infection is to develop strategies that are able to eliminate the persistent viral reservoir that harbours integrated, replication-competent provirus within host cellular DNA. This reservoir is resistant to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to clearance by the immune system of the host; viruses originating from this reservoir lead to rebound viraemia once treatment is stopped, giving rise to new rounds of infection. Several studies have focused on elucidating the cells and tissues that harbour persistent virus, the true size of the reservoir and how best to target it, but these topics are the subject of ongoing debate. In this Viewpoint article, several experts in the field discuss the constitution of the viral reservoir, how best to measure it and the best ways to target this source of persistent infection.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deeks
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina (UNC) HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Siliciano
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and the University of North Carolina (UNC) Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swanstrom
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D011533:Proviruses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016662:Virus Integration; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents