title: The Role of the Brain's Endocannabinoid System in Pain and Its Modulation by Stress.
abstract: Stress has a complex, bidirectional modulatory influence on pain. Stress may either reduce (stress-induced analgesia) or exacerbate (stress-induced hyperalgesia) pain depending on the nature, duration, and intensity of the stressor. The endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system is present throughout the neuroanatomical pathways that mediate and modulate responses to painful stimuli. The specific role of the endocannabinoid system in the brain in pain and the modulation of pain by stress is reviewed herein. We first provide a brief overview of the endocannabinoid system, followed by a review of the evidence that the brain's endocannabinoid system modulates pain. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of the endocannabinoid system supraspinally, and particularly in the rostral ventromedial medulla, periaqueductal gray, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, in pain, stress-induced analgesia, and stress-induced hyperalgesia. Increased understanding of endocannabinoid-mediated regulation of pain and its modulation by stress will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches for pain and its comorbidity with stress-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.affiliation: Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: david.finn@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D063388:Endocannabinoids
keywords: 2-Arachidonyl glycerol; Anandamide; Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor; Descending pain pathway; Fear; Nociception