title: Muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer: an update on systemic therapy.
abstract: Urothelial carcinoma is a common malignancy that carries a poor prognosis when the disease includes muscle invasion. Metastatic urothelial carcinoma is almost uniformly fatal. The evidence behind treatment options in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed in this manuscript, with a focused review of standard and investigational cytotoxic, targeted, and immunotherapy approaches. We have focused especially on neoadjuvant cisplatin-based therapy (supported by level one evidence) and on novel immunotherapy agents such as checkpoint inhibitors, which have shown great promise in early clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knollman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J Luke
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Plimack
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Geynisman
keywords: bladder cancer; chemotherapy; immunotherapy; targeted therapy; urothelial carcinoma