title: Appropriate use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography at a tertiary care center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The American College of Cardiology and American Society of Echocardiography have developed appropriate use criteria for echocardiography. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of appropriate requests for transthoracic echocardiography at a Portuguese tertiary care center and to identify the factors associated with lower adherence to the appropriate use criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  All transthoracic echocardiograms (in- and outpatient) performed over a period of one month were analyzed by two independent imaging cardiologists, who matched each request to a specific indication in the appropriate use criteria document.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 799 echocardiograms were included in the analysis. In 97.5% of cases it was possible to determine an indication listed in the criteria, according to which 78.7% of classifiable echocardiograms were appropriate, 15.3% inappropriate and 6.0% of uncertain appropriateness. The most common appropriate indication (111 echocardiograms) was initial evaluation of patients with symptoms or conditions potentially related to cardiac etiology, while the main inappropriate indication (59 echocardiograms) was routine surveillance of ventricular function in patients with known coronary artery disease and no change in clinical status or cardiac exam. The proportion of inappropriate echocardiograms was significantly higher among outpatients than among inpatients (18.8 vs. 4.3%, p<0.05) and among cardiologists compared to other specialties (19.3% vs. 10.9%, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of requests for transthoracic echocardiograms at a Portuguese tertiary care center were appropriate. Requests by cardiologists and outpatient referrals presented the highest rates of inappropriateness.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. Electronic address: paulobarbosafonseca@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vasco
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gama
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D000069342:Medical Overuse; D010045:Outpatients; D011174:Portugal; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: Appropriate use criteria; Critérios de utilização apropriada; Echocardiography; Ecocardiografia; Ecocardiograma transtorácico; Transthoracic echocardiogram