title: Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Modified Mini Mental State Examination in African Americans.
abstract: Background. Sparse data limit the interpretation of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, particularly in minority populations. Additionally, there are no published data on how MoCA scores compare to the widely used Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE). We provide performance data on the MoCA in a large cohort of African Americans and compare 3MSE and MoCA scores, providing a "crosswalk" for interpreting scores. Methods. Five hundred and thirty African Americans with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in African American-Diabetes Heart Study-MIND, a cross-sectional study of cognition and structural and functional brain imaging. After excluding participants with possible cognitive impairment (n = 115), mean (SD) MoCA and 3MSE scores are presented stratified by age and education. Results. Participant mean age was 58.2 years (range: 35-83); 61% were female; and 64.9% had >12 years of education. Mean (SD) 3MSE and MoCA scores were 86.9 (8.2) and 19.8 (3.8), respectively. 93.5% of the cohort had a "positive" screen on the MoCA, scoring <26 (education-adjusted), compared with 47.5% on the 3MSE (cut-point < 88). A 3MSE score of 88 corresponded to a MoCA score of 20 in this population. Conclusion. The present data suggest the need for caution when applying proposed MoCA cutoffs to African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Geriatrics), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Kaycee M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sink
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Geriatrics), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: S Carrie
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maldjian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Jianzhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Divers