title: Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisins Alter the Extrinsic Component of Intestinal Barrier in Broiler Chickens.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs) are secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium fungi that frequently contaminate broiler feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of DON and/or FBs on the intestinal barrier in broiler chickens, more specifically on the mucus layer and antioxidative response to oxidative stress. One-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each consisting of eight pens of seven birds each, and were fed for 15 days either a control diet, a DON-contaminated diet (4.6 mg DON/kg feed), a FBs-contaminated diet (25.4 mg FB1 + FB2/kg feed), or a DON+FBs-contaminated diet (4.3 mg DON and 22.9 mg FB1 + FB2/kg feed). DON and FBs affected the duodenal mucus layer by suppressing intestinal mucin (MUC) 2 gene expression and altering the mucin monosaccharide composition. Both mycotoxins decreased gene expression of the intestinal zinc transporter (ZnT)-1 and regulated intracellular methionine homeostasis, which are both important for preserving the cell's critical antioxidant activity. Feeding a DON- and/or FBs-contaminated diet, at concentrations close to the European Union maximum guidance levels (5 mg DON and 20 mg FB1 + FB2/kg feed) changes the intestinal mucus layer and several intestinal epithelial antioxidative mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.|Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Immerseel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ducatelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert P J
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Siegrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Baere
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens , Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mountzouris
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
authors.forename: Shengchen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (Partner in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Meulenaer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verlinden
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devreese
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haesebrouck
authors.affiliation: Biomin Research Center , Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Biomin Research Center , Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dohnal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Siska
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Croubels
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D037341:Fumonisins; D055262:Mucin-2; D014255:Trichothecenes; C017800:zinc-binding protein; D008715:Methionine; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: broiler; deoxynivalenol; fumonisins; intestinal barrier; methionine; mucus; oxidative stress; zinc