title: Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Effects of Exogenous Calcium against Acid Rain Stress in Liquidambar formosana Hance Leaves.
abstract: Acid rain (AR) impacts forest health by leaching calcium (Ca) away from soils and plants. Ca is an essential element and participates in various plant physiological responses. In the present study, the protective role of exogenous Ca in alleviating AR stress in Liquidambar formosana Hance at the physiological and proteomic levels was examined. Our results showed that low Ca condition resulted in the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis decreasing significantly in L. formosana leaves; however, these effects could be reversed by high Ca supplementation. Further proteomic analyses successfully identified 81 differentially expressed proteins in AR-treated L. formosana under different Ca levels. In particular, some of the proteins are involved in primary metabolism, photosynthesis, energy production, antioxidant defense, transcription, and translation. Moreover, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results indicated that low Ca significantly increased the expression level of the investigated Ca-related genes, which can be reversed by high Ca supplementation under AR stress. Further, Western blotting analysis revealed that exogenous Ca supply reduced AR damage by elevating the expression of proteins involved in the Calvin cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system. These findings allowed us to better understand how woody plants respond to AR stress at various Ca levels and the protective role of exogenous Ca against AR stress in forest tree species.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China.|Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ting-Wu
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Quan
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.|College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fei-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Guo-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hai-Lei
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D015258:Acid Rain; D002118:Calcium / Q000633:toxicity*; D015870:Gene Expression; D031317:Liquidambar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Liquidambar formosana; acid rain; calcium; gene expression; proteomic; soil; woody plants