title: A Feasibility Study of Smartphone-Based Telesonography for Evaluating Cardiac Dynamic Function and Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis with Control of the Image Quality of the Transmitted Videos.
abstract: Our aim was to prove the feasibility of the remote interpretation of real-time transmitted ultrasound videos of dynamic and static organs using a smartphone with control of the image quality given a limited internet connection speed. For this study, 100 cases of echocardiography videos (dynamic organ)-50 with an ejection fraction (EF) of ≥50 s and 50 with EF <50 %-and 100 cases of suspected pediatric appendicitis (static organ)-50 with signs of acute appendicitis and 50 with no findings of appendicitis-were consecutively selected. Twelve reviewers reviewed the original videos using the liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor of an ultrasound machine and using a smartphone, to which the images were transmitted from the ultrasound machine. The resolution of the transmitted echocardiography videos was reduced by approximately 20 % to increase the frame rate of transmission given the limited internet speed. The differences in diagnostic performance between the two devices when evaluating left ventricular (LV) systolic function by measuring the EF and when evaluating the presence of acute appendicitis were investigated using a five-point Likert scale. The average areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for each reviewer's interpretations using the LCD monitor and smartphone were respectively 0.968 (0.949-0.986) and 0.963 (0.945-0.982) (P = 0.548) for echocardiography and 0.972 (0.954-0.989) and 0.966 (0.947-0.984) (P = 0.175) for abdominal ultrasonography. We confirmed the feasibility of remotely interpreting ultrasound images using smartphones, specifically for evaluating LV function and diagnosing pediatric acute appendicitis; the images were transferred from the ultrasound machine using image quality-controlled telesonography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Changsun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. olivertw@hanyang.ac.kr.|Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro(st), Guri-si, GyeongGi-do, 471-701, Korea. olivertw@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Bo Seung
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000068997:Smartphone; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Clinical imaging viewing; Smartphone; Telesonography