title: Associations between marital and educational status and risk of completed suicide in Hungary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicide rates in Hungary are notoriously high. According to the literature, marital and educational status are associated with suicidal behaviour and these associations are somewhat influenced by gender. Since in Hungary these associations have not yet been investigated by means of large-scale multivariate epidemiological studies we aimed to investigate these in the current paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Census data on marital and educational status, age and gender from 1980, 1990, 2001 and 2011 were used for the general population. Corresponding data from the same years for suicide victims derived from the Hungarian Demographic Register. Suicide victims younger than 20 years were excluded. Negative binomial regression analyses were used to reveal the effects of the above variables on suicide. All statistical procedures were conducted using Stata 12 software (StataCorp. 2011).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female gender, young age, higher educational attainment and marriage were significantly associated with decreased risks of suicide. Intriguingly, effects of educational and marital status on suicide were stronger in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data on the length of the periods between changes in marital status and suicides were unavailable. Our four categories are not suitable to cover the whole gamut of marital statuses in a modern society (e.g. we did not have a specific category for people living in cohabitation). Ecological study design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that in Hungary between 1980 and 2011 the effects of some frequently investigated societal factors (e.g. educational and marital status) on suicide risk were very similar to those found in the majority of other countries. The effects of studied determinants of suicide have not changed dramatically over the past three decades in Hungary.
authors.affiliation: Demographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Buday László u. 1-3, 1204 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: balint@demografia.hu.
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bálint
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rét u. 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Osváth
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel u. 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rihmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel u. 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Döme
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Educational level; Gender differences; Marital status; Marriage; Suicide