title: Open and Closed Rhinoplasty.
abstract: Most surgeons recognize the broad utility of both endonasal and external rhinoplasty approaches. Most understand that there are situations when a given approach offers advantages and may be considered preferable. In this article, the anatomy, incisions, and approaches that are available to the surgeon are reviewed. General indications are discussed for the external and endonasal approaches. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed, and further thoughts on the decision-making process are provided.
authors.affiliation: Post-Baccalaureate PreMedical Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cafferty
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address: beckermailbox@aol.com.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D018579:Patient Selection; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Intercartilaginous; Marginal; Rhinoplasty; Transcartilaginous; Transcolumellar