title: The roles of the virulence factor IpaB in Shigella spp. in the escape from immune cells and invasion of epithelial cells.
abstract: Shigellosis is an acute invasive enteric infection by the Gram negative pathogen Shigella, which causes human diarrhea. Shigella, which are highly epidemic and pathogenic, have become a serious public health problem. The virulence plasmid is a large plasmid essential to the infected host cells. Many virulence factors are encoded in the ipa-mxi-spa region by the virulence plasmid. IpaB is a multifunctional and essential virulence factor in the infection process. In this review article, we introduce the recent studies of the effect of IpaB in Shigella-infected host cells. IpaB is involved in a type III secretion system (T3SS) structure. It also controls the secretion of virulence factors and Shigella adhesion to host cells. In addition, it forms the ion pore, destroys phagosomes, and induces the immune cell's apoptosis or necrosis. Moreover, IpaB can become a potential antigen for Shigella vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Aljuffali
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: fajy@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jia-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C087447:ipaB protein, Shigella
keywords: Invasion; IpaB; Shigella; Type III secretion system; Virulence factor