title: ABCB1 polymorphism and acenocoumarol safety in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral anticoagulant drugs (AD) are commonly used to treat patients with thromboembolic diseases. The ADs have narrow therapeutic index and wide pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interindividual variability. Some genetic variations could influence interindividual variability in response to AD. Acenocoumarol (AC) is a coumarin, vitamin K derivate with antagonistic activity, used as anticoagulant therapy mainly in Central Europe and Latin America. P - glycoprotein (PGP), a transporter encoded by the ABCB1 gene, plays a major role in the drug disposition [1]. PGP is expressed in normal tissues, where it performs a defensive role against potentially toxic substances in intestinal cells and endothelial cells of the brain capillary endothelium. ABCB1 - is highly polymorphic, C3435T polymorphism in exon 26 has been associated with the expression of PGP [2]. There is some evidence that PGP could influence coumarin sensitivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess effects of the ABCB1 pilymorphisms on safety profile and dosing regimen of acenocoumarol in the patients with valvular atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 patients (34 male and 16 female), 40-70 years of age were included. All patients received acenocoumarol at doses of 1-6 mg daily with a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.0. Genotyping for polymorphism marker C3435T of ABCB1 gen was performed using PCR and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) techniques. Statistics were performed by Fishers exact tests. All enrolled patients provided written informed consent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotype CC was found in 10 patients (20%), genotype CT in 25 patients (50%) and genotype TT in 15 patients (30%). In the CC group (n = 10) bleeding was found in 1 patient (2%). There were 19 patients (38%) with bleedings in combined group of CT and TT genotype (p = 0.0366). We compared the average doses of acenocoumarol in groups identified according to their genotypes: CC (3.45 mg/day), CT (2.64 mg/day), TT (3.07 mg/day) and found no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABCB1 CT and TT genotypes were found to be significantly associated with higher risk of bleeding. There was no influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms on dosing regimens of acenocoumarol.
authors.affiliation: I.M.Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozhkov
authors.affiliation: Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sychev
authors.affiliation: I.M.Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.|Federal State Institution Scientific Center of Medical Products Expertise, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kazakov
keywords: ABCB1 polymorphism; acenocoumarol; bleeding; safety; valvular atrial fibrillation