title: Apelin Controls Fetal and Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis and Is Altered by Maternal Undernutrition.
abstract: The adequate control of glucose homeostasis during both gestation and early postnatal life is crucial for the development of the fetoplacental unit and adaptive physiological responses at birth. Growing evidences indicate that apelin and its receptor, APJ, which are expressed across a wide range of tissues, exert important roles in glucose homeostasis in adults. However, little is known about the function of the apelinergic system during gestation. In this study, we evaluated the activity of this system in rats, the role of apelin in fetal and neonatal glucose homeostasis, and its modulation by maternal food restriction. We found that 1) the apelinergic system was expressed at the fetoplacental interface and in numerous fetal tissues, 2) ex vivo, the placenta released high amounts of apelin in late gestation, 3) intravenous apelin injection in mothers increased the transplacental transport of glucose, and 4) intraperitoneal apelin administration in neonates increased glucose uptake in lung and muscle. Maternal food restriction drastically reduced apelinemia in both mothers and growth-restricted fetuses and altered the expression of the apelinergic system at the fetoplacental interface. Together, our data demonstrate that apelin controls fetal and neonatal glucose homeostasis and is altered by fetal growth restriction induced by maternal undernutrition.
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayeur
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Sébastien
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wattez
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Amélie
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lukaszewski
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lecoutre
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Butruille
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1048, Équipe no. 3, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drougard
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eberlé
authors.affiliation: Activité Physique, Muscle et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4488, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bastide
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laborie
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Storme
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1048, Équipe no. 3, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knauf
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vieau
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.affiliation: Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France jean.lesage@univ-lille1.fr.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lesage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3 / Q000235:genetics; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; C498579:Apln protein, rat; C491284:Aplnr protein, rat; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C495679:Slc2a1 protein, rat; C495690:Slc2a3 protein, rat; C586143:apelin 13, Pyr(1)-