title: Cold stress aggravates inflammatory responses in an LPS-induced mouse model of acute lung injury.
abstract: Although the relationship between environmental cold temperature and susceptibility to respiratory infection is generally accepted, the effect of ambient cold temperature on host reactivity in lung inflammation has not been fully studied. To examine the function of ambient cold temperature on lung inflammation, mice were exposed to 4 °C for 8 h each day for 14 days. In the lungs of mice exposed to cold stress, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissues were slightly increased by about twofold. However, the structures of pulmonary epithelial cells were kept within normal limits. Next, we examined the effect of cold stress on the inflammatory responses in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. The infiltration of neutrophils and inflammation of lung tissue determined by histology were significantly increased by exposure to ambient cold temperature. In addition, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-12, IL-17, and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) was elevated by exposure to cold stress. Therefore, we suggest that cold stress is a factor that exacerbates lung inflammation including ALI. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the relationship between cold stress and severity of lung inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.|Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyun-Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio Health Science, College of Natural Sciences, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, TaeKyeung University, Gyeongsan, 712-719, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keuk-Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.|Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myungsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea. hagis@pusan.ac.kr.|Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea. hagis@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002452:Cell Count; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Acute lung injury; Cold stress; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharide; Neutrophil