title: Percutaneous trans-jugular vein closure of atrial septal defect with steerable introducer under echocardiographic guidance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to discuss a novel surgical approach of percutaneous trans-jugular vein closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) with steerable introducer under echocardiographic guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2015 to June 2015, ten ASD patients underwent percutaneous trans-jugular vein ASD closure, the occluder placement could be perpendicular to the plane of ASD using the steerable introducer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases succeeded. The average procedure time was 27.4±5.6 minutes; and the average intracardiac operation time was 6.7±5.2 minutes. No patient showed the residual shunt after the procedure. There was no clinical death, no arrhythmia, no hemolysis, no infection, no jugular vein damage or occlusion during patients' hospitalization. The post-operation follow up after one month of the operation showed that there was no residual shunt, no falling off or detachment of occluders or other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is a new surgical method with easy operation, mild damage and wider indication. Compared with the traditional percutaneous and transthoracic closure of ASD, it has obvious advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Lunchao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Suhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Yingyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Shengjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liao
keywords: Echocardiographic guidance; atrial septal defect (ASD) closure; jugular vein; percutaneous