title: Non-Antarctic notothenioids: Past phylogenetic history and contemporary phylogeographic implications in the face of environmental changes.
abstract: The non-Antarctic Notothenioidei families, Bovichtidae, Pseudaphritidae and Eleginopsidae, diverged early from the main notothenioid lineage. They are important in clarifying the early evolutionary processes that triggered notothenioid evolution in the Antarctic. The early-diverged group represents 8% of all notothenioid species and never established themselves on the Antarctic shelf. Most attention has been paid to the Antarctic notothenioids and their limited physiological tolerance to climate change and increased temperatures. In this review, we discuss key life history traits that are characteristic of the non-Antarctic early-diverged notothenioid taxa as well as the genetic resources and population differentiation information available for this group. We emphasise the population fitness and dynamics of these species and indicate how resource management and conservation of the group can be strengthened through an integrative approach. Both Antarctic waters and the non-Antarctic regions face rapid temperature rises combined with strong anthropogenic exploitation. While it is expected that early-diverged notothenioid species may have physiological advantages over high Antarctic species, it is difficult to predict how climate changes might alter the geographic range, behaviour, phenology and ultimately genetic variability of these species. It is possible, however, that their high degree of endemism and dependence on local environmental specificities to complete their life cycles might enhance their vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: Section of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. Electronic address: chiara.papetti@awi.de.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papetti
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Biology and Zoology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany. Electronic address: Heidrun.Windisch@hhu.de.
authors.forename: Heidrun S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.affiliation: ISMAR-CNR, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Sede di Ancona, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: mario.lamesa@an.ismar.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Mesa
authors.affiliation: Section of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany. Electronic address: magnus.lucassen@awi.de.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Electronic address: craig.marshall@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Electronic address: miles.lamare@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Miles D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lamare
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography
keywords: Bovichtidae; Cryonotothenioidea; Eleginopsidae; Global warming; Pseudaphritidae; Sub-Antarctic