title: Microalbuminuria among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive children in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among Congolese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study in which 77 HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive children and 89 uninfected controls were enrolled. Microalbuminuria was assessed using the immune-turbidimetry method, and associated factors were studied by logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 18% in the HIV-infected children and 2% in the HIV-uninfected children. No common determinants of proteinuria were significantly associated with microalbuminuria.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 123, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. drmfutu@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Pépé M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ekulu
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 123, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Michel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Aloni
authors.affiliation: Service de Pédiatrie, Centre de référence Maladies Rénales Rares du Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harambat
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Jean Robert R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Makulo
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: François B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Lepira
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Ernest K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sumaili
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mafuta
authors.affiliation: Service de Néphrologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cochat
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Nazaire M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nseka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Cross-sectional study; DR Congo; HIV; Kinshasa; Microalbuminuria; Proteinuria