title: The effects of preweaning manganese exposure on spatial learning ability and p-CaMKIIα level in the hippocampus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects and mechanisms of preweaning Manganese (Mn) exposure on cognitive dysfunction remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effects of preweaning Mn exposure on spatial learning and memory as well as the protein expression of CaMKIIα and p-CaMKIIα.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated neonate rats with Mn(2+) doses of 0 (control group), 10, 20 and 30mg of Mn(2+) per kg body weight (Mn-exposed groups) over postnatal day (PND) 1-21 by intraperitoneal injection. The ability of spatial learning and memory was tested on PND 22 using the Morris water maze (MWM), while the protein expressions of CaMKIIα and p-CaMKIIα in the hippocampus were evaluated by Western blotting. The levels of Mn in the blood and hippocampus were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats in Mn-exposed groups showed a signiﬁcant delay in spatial learning ability on the third day of the MWM without dose-dependent differences, but there was no effect on the spatial memory ability. p-CaMKIIα, but not CaMKIIα protein expression significantly reduced in the Mn-exposed group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that the inhibition of p-CaMKIIα could be one of the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of Mn-induced cognitive impairments.
authors.affiliation: MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children Environmental Health, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: HuanHuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children Environmental Health, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: WeiWei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: HongPing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children Environmental Health, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: ZhenZhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children Environmental Health, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xd_yu2003@126.com.
authors.forename: XiaoDan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
keywords: Hippocampus; Manganese; Neonate rats; P-CaMKIIα; Spatial learning and memory