title: Transdermal nicotine absorption handling e-cigarette refill liquids.
abstract: The concentrated nicotine in e-cigarette refill liquids can be toxic if inadvertently ingested or absorbed through the skin. Reports of poisonings due to accidental ingestion of nicotine on refill liquids are rapidly increasing, while the evaluation of nicotine dermally absorbed still lacks. For that reason we studied transdermal nicotine absorption after the skin contamination with e-liquid. Donor chambers of eight Franz diffusion cells were filled with 1 mL of 0.8 mg/mL nicotine e-liquid for 24 h. The concentration of nicotine in the receiving phase was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (LOD:0.1 μg/mL). Nicotine was detectable in receiving solution 2 h after the start of exposure and increased progressively. The medium flux calculated was 4.82 ± 1.05 μg/cm(2)/h with a lag time of 3.9 ± 0.1 h. After 24 h, the nicotine concentration in the receiving compartment was 101.02 ± 22.35 μg/cm(2) corresponding to 3.04 mg of absorbed nicotine after contamination of a skin surface of 100 cm(2). Skin contamination with e-liquid can cause nicotine skin absorption: caution must be paid when handling refill e-liquids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, Via Zuretti 29, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.maina@unito.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maina
authors.affiliation: City of Health and Science Hospital, Corso Bramante 80, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castagnoli
authors.affiliation: City of Health and Science Hospital, Corso Bramante 80, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Passini
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crosera
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.affiliation: Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca Larese
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Filon
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Percutaneous absorption; Skin contamination; e-cigarette; e-liquid