title: Intratumor molecular heterogeneity in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess intratumor molecular heterogeneity in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and to investigate if intratumor molecular heterogeneity is associated with cell proliferation or apoptotic indexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of PA of salivary glands were included in the study. Cell proliferation was estimated by using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, and apoptotic index was achieved by combining terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling with morphology. A minimum of two different tumor areas of each sample was microdissected, and DNA was extracted. DNA extracted from the tumor capsule was used as normal matched control. Different tumor areas were at least 4 mm from one another and comprised tumor cell-rich areas. Loss of heterozygosity was assessed by a panel of six polymorphic microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3 (D3 S1029), 9 (D9 S162 and D9 S157), 11 (D11 S1369), and 17 (P53 and AFM238 WF2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of nine samples showed intratumor heterogeneity on the basis of the loss of heterozygosity findings. Intratumor molecular heterogeneity did not show association with cell proliferation or apoptotic indexes (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings point to the existence of intratumor molecular heterogeneity in salivary gland PA. This is an advance in the efforts to clarify PA molecular pathogenesis, showing that this characteristic is not exclusive to malignant solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address: carolinacgomes@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Carolina Cavalieri
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarice Ferreira
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina de Melo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: do Carmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Núbia Braga
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Santiago
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm