title: Formulation and clinical evaluation of topical dosage forms of Indian Penny Wort, walnut and turmeric in eczema.
abstract: Eczema is characterized by itching, lichenification, scaling, oedema and erythema. Current management strategies include corticosteroids, which are limited due to side effects. Many herbal remedies are used traditionally but unfortunately have not been validated in controlled clinical trials. Three popular traditional treatments of eczema include Indian pennywort, Walnut and Turmeric. In this study three topical formulations (micro emulsion, gel and ointment) were prepared from extracts of Indian pennywort, Walnut and Turmeric. These formulations were monitored for stability for a period of three months. Controlled clinical trials were conducted on 360 eczema patients. Clinical parameters observed were degree of erythema, oedema, scaling, itching and lichenification. Effects of each formulation on these clinical parameters were compared with placebo formulations. Micro emulsion formulations in all cases proved to be more effective in reducing semi quantitative scores of erythema and oedema. Itching was relieved more by gel formulation. The ointment showed more efficacy towards scaling and lichenification. Comparison of the effects of placebo and the specific formulations was performed by chi-square statistics and found to be highly significant. In summary it is concluded that all the formulations could be used as promising source for treatment of eczema.
authors.affiliation: The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan / Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan / Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khiljee
authors.affiliation: The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan / Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nisarur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan / Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tanzila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khiljee
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Raimar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loebenberg
authors.affiliation: The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rao Saeed
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D028041:Centella / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004485:Eczema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D031324:Juglans / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments; D010154:Pakistan; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018547:Plant Stems; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D027343:Rhizome; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005782:Gels; D009824:Ointments; D010936:Plant Extracts; C012596:turmeric extract