title: Genotypic Detection of Epstein Barr Virus in Pediatric Transplant Recipients From India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of occurrence and genotypes of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) among pediatric renal and liver transplants recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vision Research Foundation referral center and Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Chennai, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 pediatric solid organ transplant recipients and 60 voluntary healthy donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection and genotyping of EBV were carried out using genes targeting Viral capsid antigen, Nuclear antigen 1, 2 and 3, followed by real time PCR for viral load determination and further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBV was detected in 35 (51.4%) samples (32 liver and 4 renal transplants) with high viral load. Type A was detected in 33 samples, Type B in 2 liver transplant patients, and co-infection in one liver transplant patient who developed Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD). Real time PCR results correlated with conventional PCR. The mean viral load for patients who did not develop PTLD was 50,424 copies/mL. Overall EBV load in patient with PTLD ranged from 1,40,392 copies/mL prior to PTLD diagnosis to 62,124 copies /mL post treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EBV infection is the high risk factor for PTLD after liver transplantation. PCR targeting of EBV can be applied to diagnose EBV infections and monitor treatment for EBV in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: L and T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, No. 41, College Road, Chennai; #Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Global Health City, Chennai; and $Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan; India. Correspondence to: Dr J Malathi, Reader, L and T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, ld no. 18, College Road, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu. drjm@snmail.org.
authors.forename: Madhuravasal Krishnan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Janani
authors.forename: Jambulingam
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rela
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farouk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padmapriya
authors.forename: Hajib N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Madhavan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D066027:Transplant Recipients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019737:Transplants / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult