title: Effects of Lumbar Stiffness After Lumbar Fusion Surgery on Activities of Daily Living.
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effects of lumbar stiffness after lumbar fusion surgery on functional limitations, health-related quality of life, and activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Postoperative outcomes after fusion surgery are usually assessed using patient-reported instruments to describe disability related to pain and health status. There are few studies on the effects of lumbar stiffness on ADL after lumbar fusion surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 93 patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar disease. Their mean age was 69 years (range 51-79), and the mean follow-up was 34 months (24-46). The patients were categorized into 5 groups according to the number of segments involved: 0 level (decompression), 1 level, 2 levels, 3 levels, and 4 levels. They completed a 21-item questionnaire about their ADL and the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) to evaluate the effects of lumbar stiffness on ADL after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a linear trend toward a decreased rating in all items in our questionnaire and in the physical component summary in the SF-36 related to postoperative lumbar stiffness. These trends were significantly related to the number of fused segments (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patient satisfaction did not differ between the groups (P = 0.381). Patients who received a 1- or 2-level fusion reported no serious limitations in most ADL. Patients who received a 3- or 4-level fusion, especially 4-level fusion, reported more limitations because of postoperative lumbar stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study investigated in detail the effects of lumbar stiffness after fusion surgery on ADL. Spine surgeons should consider the patient's occupation and lifestyle in preoperative planning. These results will help the surgeon explain the possible outcomes to patients planning to undergo fusion surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan †Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ‡Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujibayashi
authors.forename: Bungo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001416:Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires