title: Impacts of electrical parameters on the electroformation of giant vesicles on ITO glass chips.
abstract: A "sandwich" structure device consisted of ITO electrodes and PDMS spacer was designed and used to explore the impact of different electrical parameters (intensity and frequency) on the electroformation of GUVs (giant unilamellar vesicles). Theoretical analysis of the dielectrophoretic effect (DEPE) and the electrohydrodynamic effect (EHE) on the electroformation process indicated that the characteristic frequency of the system could maximize the mutual effect of the both, which might benefit the formation of GUVs. The calculated value of the characteristic frequency (13.3 kHz) was very close to the experimental one (11 kHz). We demonstrated that for a given electroformation system, large amount of well-distributed GUVs can be obtained by optimizing the electrical parameters. In this paper, when choosing the optimal electrical parameters (11 kHz frequency and 5V/mm intensity), the amount of GUVs could reach 65/mm(2), and the diameters of most GUVs (>70%) were 50-70 μm.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Wenman
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing 400055, China.
authors.forename: Wangang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing 400055, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. Electronic address: huning@cqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Yanjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. Electronic address: bioyangjun@cqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004560:Electricity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids; D017971:Tin Compounds; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes; C109984:indium tin oxide
keywords: Electric filed intensity; Electroformation; Frequency; Giant unilamellar vesicles; “Sandwich” structure