title: Control of local immunity by airway epithelial cells.
abstract: The lung is ventilated by thousand liters of air per day. Inevitably, the respiratory system comes into contact with airborne microbial compounds, most of them harmless contaminants. Airway epithelial cells are known to have innate sensor functions, thus being able to detect microbial danger. To avoid chronic inflammation, the pulmonary system has developed specific means to control local immune responses. Even though airway epithelial cells can act as proinflammatory promoters, we propose that under homeostatic conditions airway epithelial cells are important modulators of immune responses in the lung. In this review, we discuss epithelial cell regulatory functions that control reactivity of professional immune cells within the microenvironment of the airways and how these mechanisms are altered in pulmonary diseases. Regulation by epithelial cells can be divided into two mechanisms: (1) mediators regulate epithelial cells' innate sensitivity in cis and (2) factors are produced that limit reactivity of immune cells in trans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weitnauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mijošek
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.|Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dalpke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000276:immunology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D044045:Lipoxins / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000276:immunology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D044045:Lipoxins; D009077:Mucins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids