title: The role of tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) and levetor veli palatini [corrected] muscle (LVP) in the opening and closing of pharyngeal orifice of Eustachian tube.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  This study developed an easy way to induce otitis media in an animal model and find the relation between tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) and levetor veli palatini [corrected] muscle (LVP) in the opening and closing of the pharyngeal orifice of Eustachian tube. It was proved that otitis media is caused due to the dysfunction of Eustachian tube and the only muscle responsible for opening and closing of ETPO (Eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice) is TVP and LVP has no role in the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop valid animal model for otitis media of effusion and to study the relation of paratubular muscles in the functioning of Eustachian tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different methods were used to induce middle ear disease: (1) Excision of tensor veli palatini and levetor veli palatini [corrected] muscles (TVP and LVP); and (2) Injection of botulinum toxin type A on TVP and LVP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Otomiscroscopic, tympanograph, and pathological examination showed the presence of middle ear disease in those animals whose TVP was excised and paralyzed, but on those groups of animals whose LVP was excised and paralyzed, abnormalities were seen.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Bibek
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gyanwali
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Meichan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenggui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Guangyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning Guangxi , PR China.
authors.forename: Anzhou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014418:Tupaiidae
keywords: Eustachian tube; Otitis media with effusion; levetor veli platini muscle; tensor veli platini muscle