title: Relation between plasma antioxidant vitamin levels, adiposity and cardio-metabolic profile in adolescents: Effects of a multidisciplinary obesity programme.
abstract: In vivo and in vitro evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids may be key factors in the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels and adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary weight loss programme.
  
  
  
  A therapeutic programme was conducted with 103 adolescents aged 12-17 years old and diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, retinol, β-carotene and lycopene, anthropometric indicators of general and central adiposity, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analysed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  
  Lipid-corrected retinol (P < 0.05), β-carotene (P = 0.001) and α-tocopherol (P < 0.001) plasma levels increased significantly, whereas lipid-corrected lycopene levels remained unaltered during the treatment. Anthropometric indicators of adiposity (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.01) and biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) decreased significantly, whereas fat free mass increased significantly (P < 0.001). These clinical and biochemical improvements were related to changes in plasma lipid-corrected antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels. The adolescents who experienced the greatest weight loss also showed the largest decrease in anthropometric indicators of adiposity and biochemical parameters and the highest increase in fat free mass. Weight loss in these adolescents was related to an increase in plasma levels of lipid-corrected α-tocopherol (P = 0.001), β-carotene (P = 0.034) and lycopene (P = 0.019).
  
  
  
  Plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels are associated with reduced adiposity, greater weight loss and an improved cardio-metabolic profile in overweight and obese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerendiain
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayneris-Perxachs
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López-Belmonte
authors.affiliation: EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Matillas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Castellote
authors.affiliation: EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martín-Bautista
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.affiliation: CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús Mª
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garagorri
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wärnberg
authors.affiliation: Biochemical Service, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ascensión
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain. Electronic address: mclopez@ub.edu.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: López-Sabater
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campoy
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; D002784:Cholesterol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Cardio-metabolic profile; Obese adolescents; Plasma antioxidant vitamins; Plasma carotenoids; Weight loss