title: Mechanisms Underlying Induction of Tolerance to Foods.
abstract: Oral tolerance refers to a systemic immune nonresponsiveness to antigens first encountered by the oral route, and a failure in development of this homeostatic process can result in food allergy. Clinical tolerance induced by allergen immunotherapy is associated with alterations in immune mechanisms relevant to the allergic response, including reduction of basophil reactivity, induction of IgG4, loss of effector Th2 cells, and induction of Tregs. The relative contribution of these immune changes to clinical tolerance to foods, and the duration of these immune changes after termination of immunotherapy, remains to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: cecilia.berin@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: M Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Berin
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Shreffler
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Foxp3; IgE; IgG4; Immunotherapy; Microbiota; Tolerance; Treg