title: Evaluation of goat milk as storage media to preserve viability of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of goat milk as a storage media for maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability of avulsed teeth and compare it with commonly used and/or investigated storage media.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDL cells were obtained from the root surface of healthy premolars and were cultured in Eagle's maintenance medium (EMM). Cell cultures were treated with the following storage media: tap water (negative control); EMM (positive control); Hank's balanced salt solution; ultra high temperature (UHT) long-shelf-life lactose-free cow milk; UHT long-shelf-life whole cow milk; UHT long-shelf-life skimmed cow milk; UHT long-shelf-life soy milk; UHT long-shelf-life goat milk, UHT long-shelf-life follow on milk with probiotic, 20% propolis, and egg white. Culture plates were incubated with experimental media at 20°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. PDL cell viability was assessed by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (MTT) assay at each test period. One-way anova was used to evaluate the effects of storage solutions at each time point, followed by post hoc Duncan's multiple comparison test (P = 0.05). A dendrogram was constructed to show the arrangement of hierarchical clustering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Goat milk displayed the highest capacity to maintain cell viability at all test intervals (P < 0.001). Between 3 and 24 h, milk with the probiotic showed the lowest time-dependent PDL cell viability among all test media (P < 0.001). Compared with all milks, HBSS performed significantly less effectively in maintaining PDL cell viability during the entire test period (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on PDL viability, goat milk can be recommended as a suitable storage medium for avulsed teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayça Tuba
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalyoncuoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer Cavit
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Cehreli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008892:Milk; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D014084:Tooth Avulsion
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions
keywords: avulsion; goat milk; periodontal ligament fibroblast; storage media