title: Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the ear, nose and throat: A report of three cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to review all cases of neuroendocrine tumors of the ear, nose and throat in a tertiary care center, as well as the data published in the literature. The study presents all the cases of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the Hotel Dieu De France Hospital (Beirut, Lebanon) between January 2004 and January 2014. The data reported in the English and French literature is also reviewed with regard to the typical clinical presentation and management of these tumors. Three cases of NETs presented to the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery during the study period. One case was of an atypical carcinoid (AC) tumor of the larynx, one case was of a typical carcinoid tumor in the middle ear and the third case was, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of an AC tumor of the nasopharynx. Overall, NETs are rare in the head and neck. The clinical presentation can mimic any other tumor in the same localization in the absence of a carcinoid syndrome. Management of these tumors remains controversial, but a complete excision of the tumor is crucial, followed by possible adjuvant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, School of Medicine, Beirut 166830, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rachad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mhawej
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, School of Medicine, Beirut 166830, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Chadi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, School of Medicine, Beirut 166830, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Amine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, School of Medicine, Beirut 166830, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tabchy
keywords: head and neck; larynx; middle ear; nasopharynx; neuroendocrine tumors