title: Apoptosis induced by a HIPK2 full-length-specific siRNA is due to off-target effects rather than prevalence of HIPK2-Δe8 isoform.
abstract: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used to study gene function and extensively exploited for their potential therapeutic applications. HIPK2 is an evolutionary conserved kinase that binds and phosphorylates several proteins directly or indirectly related to apoptosis. Recently, an alternatively spliced isoform skipping 81 nucleotides of exon 8 (Hipk2-Δe8) has been described. Selective depletion of Hipk2 full-length (Hipk2-FL) with a specific siRNA that spares the Hipk2-Δe8 isoform has been shown to strongly induce apoptosis, suggesting an unpredicted dominant-negative effect of Hipk2-FL over the Δe8 isoform. From this observation, we sought to take advantage and assessed the therapeutic potential of generating Hipk2 isoform unbalance in tumor-initiating cells derived from colorectal cancer patients. Strong reduction of cell viability was induced in vitro and in vivo by the originally described exon 8-specific siRNA, supporting a potential therapeutic application. However, validation analyses performed with additional exon8-specific siRNAs with different stabilities showed that all exon8-targeting siRNAs can induce comparable Hipk2 isoform unbalance but only the originally reported e8-siRNA promotes cell death. These data show that loss of viability does not depend on the prevalence of Hipk2-Δe8 isoform but it is rather due to microRNA-like off-target effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Rocco
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verdina
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virdia
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toietta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soddu
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008819:Mice, Nude; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference; D000067492:RNAi Therapeutics / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; C115114:HIPK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: HIPK2; alternative splicing isoforms; colorectal cancer; off-target effects; siRNA therapeutic application