title: Celecoxib and LLW-3-6 Reduce Survival of Human Glioma Cells Independently and Synergistically with Sulfasalazine.
abstract: Gliomas are among the most commonly diagnosed central nervous system tumors. Celecoxib has been utilized with success in the treatment of several types of cancer, including gliomas. The present study examined the antiproliferative effects of celecoxib and its benzimidazole-based analog, LLW-3-6, when used as co-treatment with sulfasalazine against human glioma LN18 cells. At 48-h treatment, the glioma cells maintained 60% viability in the presence of celecoxib or LLW-3-6 at the maximum concentration tested (40 μM). Co-treatment of glioma cells under a non-lethal dose (50 μM) of sulfasalazine and either celecoxib or LLW-3-6 (administered at different concentrations) resulted in improved inhibition of cell viability. The concentration of the molecules required to reduce cell growth in the combined treatment was significantly less than that needed when either molecule was administered independently. Based on computational values, LLW-3-6 has physiochemical characteristics that should allow for improved bioavailability in comparison to that of celecoxib.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Tokunbo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yerokun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. lwinfield@spelman.edu.
authors.forename: Leyte L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Winfield
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000068579:Celecoxib / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; C000592933:LLW-3-6; D013449:Sulfonamides; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D000068579:Celecoxib
keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2; LN18; benzimidazole; brain cancer; celecoxib; combination therapy; glioma; sulfasalazine; synergistic effects