title: 19F Oximetry with semifluorinated alkanes.
abstract: This work examines the variation of longitudinal relaxation rate R1(= 1/T1) of the19F-CF3-resonance of semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) with oxygen tension (pO2), temperature (T) and pH in vitro. Contrary to their related perfluorocarbons (PFCs), SFA are amphiphilic and facilitate stable emulsions, a prerequisite for clinical use. A linear relationship between R1 and pO2was confirmed for the observed SFAs at different temperatures. Using a standard saturation recovery sequence, T1 has been successfully measured using fluorine19F-MRI with a self-constructed birdcage resonator at 9.4 T. A calibration curve to calculate pO2depending on T and R1 was found for each SFA used. In contrast to the commonly used PFC, SFAs are less sensitive to changes in pO2, but more sensitive to changes in temperature. The influence of pH to R1 was found to be negligible.
authors.affiliation: a Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kegel
authors.affiliation: b Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chacon-Caldera
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine , Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsagogiorgas
authors.affiliation: d Novaliq GmbH , Heidelberg , Germany.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Theisinger
authors.affiliation: a Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glatting
authors.affiliation: b Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany.
authors.forename: Lothar R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066235:Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons
keywords: 19F; MRI; alkane; fluorine; hexafluorobenzene; hypoxia; oxygen; relaxation; semifluorinated; semifluorinated alkanes