title: Study on Miniaturized UHF Antennas for Partial Discharge Detection in High-Voltage Electrical Equipment.
abstract: Detecting partial discharge (PD) is an effective way to evaluate the condition of high-voltage electrical equipment insulation. The UHF detection method has attracted attention due to its high sensitivity, strong interference resistance, and ability to locate PDs. In this paper, a miniaturized equiangular spiral antenna (ESA) for UHF detection that uses a printed circuit board is proposed. I-shaped, L-shaped, and C-shaped microstrip baluns were designed to match the impedance between the ESA and coaxial cable and were verified by a vector network analyzer. For comparison, three other types of UHF antenna were also designed: A microstrip patch antenna, a microstrip slot antenna, and a printed dipole antenna. Their antenna factors were calibrated in a uniform electric field of different frequencies modulated in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. We performed comparison experiments on PD signal detection using an artificial defect model based on the international IEC 60270 standard. We also conducted time-delay test experiments on the ESA sensor to locate a PD source. It was found that the proposed ESA sensor meets PD signal detection requirements. The sensor's compact size makes it suitable for internal installation in high-voltage electrical equipment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. liujingcun0523@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingcun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. ggzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guogang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. djl.1989@stu.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. jhwang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: equiangular spiral antenna; high-voltage electrical equipment; microstrip balun; partial discharge; ultra-high-frequency antenna