title: Current Status of Urinary Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer.
abstract: The standard of care for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer consists of cytology and cystoscopy, but both examinations suffer from many limitations, including issues related to accuracy, invasiveness, and cost. Several noninvasive methods for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer have been developed and urine-based biomarkers seem the most promising. This nonsystematic review critically analyzes the commercially available biomarkers and highlights some upcoming investigational biomarkers. To date, none of these biomarkers has sufficient validation to serve as a reliable alternative to cystoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Urology, Hôpital Archet 2, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, Nice 06200, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mbeutcha
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1010, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lucca
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Urology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, Rennes 35000, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5303 Harry Hines Boulevard #110, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5303 Harry Hines Boulevard #110, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10011, USA. Electronic address: sfshariat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Bladder cancer; Detection; Follow-up; Surveillance; Transitional cell carcinoma; Urinary biomarkers; Urine; Urothelial carcinoma