title: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Manifesting as a Scalp Hematoma After an Acute Head Injury-a Case Report and Literature Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma, typically associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression. In some cases, lack of ALK translocation correlated with a more unfavorable prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of ALK(-) ALCL that manifested as a progressive, enlarged, swollen mass on the scalp after an acute head injury in an 84-year-old man. Neither palpable lymph nodes nor any B symptoms were noted on admission. Brain computed tomography showed a hematoma in the right posterior occipital region of the scalp as the only remarkable finding. Débridement and biopsy were performed. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the specimen revealed an ALK(-) ALCL of the scalp. The lymphoma was resistant to bendamustine-containing chemotherapies, ultimately leading to the patient's death within 2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report highlights the importance of recognizing the possibility of an ALCL manifesting as a focal inflammatory swelling mass on the scalp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chi-Yung
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun-Ting
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chien-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hsin-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Electronic address: tunghantsai269@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tung-Hang
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D017728:Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: C000626173:ALK protein, human; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL); Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); Head injury; Scalp hematoma