title: The European Marine Strategy: Noise Monitoring in European Marine Waters from 2014.
abstract: The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires European member states to develop strategies for their marine waters leading to programs of measures that achieve or maintain good environmental status (GES) in all European seas by 2020. An essential step toward reaching GES is the establishment of monitoring programs, enabling the state of marine waters to be assessed on a regular basis. A register for impulsive noise-generating activities would enable assessment of their cumulative impacts on wide temporal and spatial scales; monitoring of ambient noise would provide essential insight into current levels and any trend in European waters.
authors.affiliation: Directorate-general for Spatial Affairs and Water Management, Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Plesmanweg 1-6, 2597 JG, The Hague, The Netherlands. rene.dekeling@minienm.nl.|Maritime Systems, Defence Materiel Organisation, 2509 LV, The Hague, The Netherlands. rene.dekeling@minienm.nl.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dekeling
authors.affiliation: Maritime Systems, Defence Materiel Organisation, 2509 LV, The Hague, The Netherlands. mark.tasker@jncc.gov.uk.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tasker
authors.affiliation: Marine Advice, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Aberdeen, AB11 9QA, UK. michael.ainslie@tno.nl.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ainslie
authors.affiliation: Acoustics and Sonar Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2509 JG, The Hague, The Netherlands. mathias.andersson@foi.se.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Defence & Security, Systems and Technology/Underwater Technology, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE 164 90, Stockholm, Sweden. michel.andre@upc.edu.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: André
authors.affiliation: Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08800, Spain. fabrizio.borsani@cefas.co.uk.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borsani
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK. karsten.brensing@whales.org.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brensing
authors.affiliation: Whale and Dolphin Conservation, Munich, 81371, Germany. manuel.castellote@noaa.gov.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellote
authors.affiliation: National Marine Mammal Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA. john.dalen@imr.no.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dalen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Marine Research, 5817, Bergen, Norway. thomas.folegot@quiet-oceans.com.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Folegot
authors.affiliation: Quiet Oceans, Plouzane, 29280, France. sandra.van.der.graaf@rws.nl.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.affiliation: Water, Transport and the Environment (Rijkswaterstaat), Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, 8224 AD, Lelystad, The Netherlands. r.c.leaper@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leaper
authors.affiliation: International Fund for Animal Welfare, London, SE1 7UD, UK. alexander.liebschner@bfn-vilm.de.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebschner
authors.affiliation: Marine and Coastal Nature Conservation Unit, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Putbus Rügen, D-18581, Germany. jukka.pajala@ymparisto.fi.
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pajala
authors.affiliation: Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland. stephen.robinson@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Acoustics Group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK. peters@foi.se.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sigray
authors.affiliation: Beaufort Research, Coastal and Marine Research Centre (CMRC), Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cobh, County Cork, Ireland. gerry.sutton@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Environment and Ecosystems, DHI, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark. frth@dhigroup.com.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.affiliation: Department Protection of the Marine Environment, Federal Environment Agency, Dessau-Rosslau, 06844, Germany. stefanie.werner@uba.de.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: DW-ShipConsult GmbH, Schwentinental, 24223, Germany. wittekind@dw-sc.de.
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wittekind
authors.affiliation: International Association of Oil and Gas Producers, London, SE1 8NL, UK. young.john.v@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009622:Noise; D012623:Seawater
keywords: Environmental descriptors; Good environmental status; Indicators; Marine Strategy Framework; Monitoring