title: A Three-Item Instrument for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Observation and Interview Based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory (ODSI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to develop a new three-item assessment tool for daytime sleepiness in older adults, the Observation and interview-based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory (ODSI) and determine its validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and optimal cutoff score.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 133 elderly subjects including 73 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (mean age, 79 y) and 60 controls (mean age, 80 y) were consecutively enrolled and answered all questionnaires. The ODSI questionnaire was validated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale considered as a gold standard. Reliability, validity, and cut-points were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ODSI has acceptable validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability properties. The ODSI has internal consistency and a reliability coefficient (Pearson rho) of 0.70 for its three items, which suggests strong reliability. The estimated sensitivity and specificity were 0.842 with 95% confidence interval [0.624; 0.945] and 0.851 [0.761; 0.911], respectively. The consistency of summated scale scores during test and retest sessions was high (r = 0.970, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [0.898; 0.991]). Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggests that a cut-point of 6 is effective for identifying older adults with excessive levels of daytime sleepiness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ODSI is a brief, valid, easy-to-administer three-item assessment that can screen for excessive daytime sleepiness among elderly patients with OSA.
authors.affiliation: CHU Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, Service de Gériatrie, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, Paris, France.|Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Division of Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Fannie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Onen
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lalanne
authors.affiliation: Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Division of Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.affiliation: Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and Division of Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Nalaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gooneratne
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falissard
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Hôpital Eduard Herriot, Centre Gériatrique de Médecine du Sommeil, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Saban-Hakki
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Onen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ODSI; excessive daytime sleepiness; obstructive sleep apnea; older adult