title: RETINAL ASTROCYTIC HAMARTOMA: Optical Coherence Tomography Classification and Correlation With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a classification of retinal astrocytic hamartoma based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography and correlate each class with systemic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review conducted at four international referral medical retina centers. There were 43 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex based on presence of at least 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor features of the diagnostic criteria. Clinical and spectral domain optical coherence tomography features regarding retinal astrocytic hamartoma were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age at presentation was 16.2 years. The retinal astrocytic hamartoma was classified as Type I (n = 41), Type II (n = 25), Type III (n = 20), or Type IV (n = 12). Patients with Type II showed greater number of cutaneous fibrous plaques (odds ratio = 64.8; 92% confidence interval: 64.2-65; P < 0.001); those with Type III displayed higher incidence of subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas (odds ratio = 43.2; 95% confidence interval: 43.0-43.3; P < 0.001); and those with Type IV showed higher incidence of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (odds ratio = 126; 95% confidence interval: 122-128; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal astrocytic hamartoma can be classified into four morphologic groups, based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. There are important systemic tuberous sclerosis complex correlations with each class.
authors.affiliation: *San Giuseppe Hospital, University Eye Clinic, Milan, Italy; †Centro de Cirugía Oftalmológica (CECOF), Caracas, Venezuela; ‡Department of Ophthalmology, Domingo Luciani Hospital, Caracas, Venezuela; §Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and ¶Eye Clinic, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pichi
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafino
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrai
authors.forename: Gian P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Giuliari
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.forename: Antonio P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ciardella
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nucci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000145:classification*; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis