title: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) oligosaccharides decrease biofilm formation by uropathogenicEscherichia coli.
abstract: The preventive effects of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) against urinary tract infections are supported by extensive studies which have primarily focused on its phenolic constituents. Herein, a phenolic-free carbohydrate fraction (designated cranf1b-F2) was purified from cranberry fruit using ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that the cranf1b-F2 constituents are predominantly oligosaccharides possessing various degrees of polymerisation and further structural analysis (by GC-MS and NMR) revealed mainly xyloglucan and arabinan residues. In antimicrobial assays, cranf1b-F2 (at 1.25 mg/mL concentration) reduced biofilm production by the uropathogenicEscherichia coliCFT073 strain by over 50% but did not inhibit bacterial growth. Cranf1b-F2 (ranging from 0.625 - 10 mg/mL) also inhibited biofilm formation of the non-pathogenicE. coliMG1655 strain up to 60% in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that cranberry oligosaccharides, in addition to its phenolic constituents, may play a role in its preventive effects against urinary tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Jiadong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, 02349, USA.
authors.forename: Jannie P J
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.affiliation: Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, 02349, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA ; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: LaPlante
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vejborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Givskov
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tolker-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Navindra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Seeram
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rowley
keywords: American cranberry; Escherichia coli; Vaccinium macrocarpon; biofilm; oligosaccharide; phenolic