title: Association of transforming growth factor-β1 gene C509T, G800A and T869C polymorphisms with intracerebral hemorrhage in North Indian Population: a case-control study.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in inflammation and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. As per our knowledge, there is no published study investigating the association between variations within the TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the TGF-β1 gene (C509T, G800A and T869C) polymorphisms, and their haplotypes with the risk of ICH in North Indian population. 100 ICH patients and 100 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Genotyping was performed using SNaPshot method. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the strength of association between TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms and risk of ICH. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, low socioeconomic status, smoking, physical activity were found to be associated with the risk of ICH. The distribution of C509T, G800A and T869C genotypes was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the ICH and control group. Adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis showed an independent association of TGF-β1 G800A (OR 9.07; 95% CI 2.3-35.6; P = 0.002) and T869C (OR 5.1; 95 % CI 1.9-13.2; P = 0.001) with the risk of ICH under dominant model. Haplotype analysis showed that C509-G800-C869 and C509-A800-C869 haplotypes were significantly associated with the increased risk of ICH. C509T and T869C were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.53, r(2) = 0.23). Our results suggest that TGF-β1 (G800A, T869C) gene polymorphisms and their haplotypes are significantly associated with the risk of ICH in North Indian population. Further prospective studies with large sample size are required for independent validation. Our findings could be helpful in identifying individuals at increased risk for developing ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 11, 6th Floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. pradeepguptaneuro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 11, 6th Floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 11, 6th Floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shubham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 11, 6th Floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.affiliation: Institutes of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Institutes of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Subiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vivekanandhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 11, 6th Floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Achal Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 11, 6th Floor, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kameshwar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-3946
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: Cytokine; Inflammatory gene; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Transforming growth factor beta