title: Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Imaging of the Heart of Athletes and Patients with Hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Athlete's heart syndrome" is a condition characterized by structural, electrophysiologic and functional adaptation of the myocardium to physical activity (training), depending on the activity intensity, duration and type. In athletes left ventricular hypertrophy often resembles comorbid conditions (hypertension or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) so the differential diagnosis of the disease is very important and crucial, especially in people who are in active training. In fact, if an athlete has finding which indicate thickening of the left ventricle walls, should be distinguished hypertrophy which occurred as a result of many years of training from accidental existence of hypertension or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the same person. Therefore, it is important to make a diagnostic difference between healthy and sick heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved male persons aged 20-45 which have increased muscle mass of the left ventricle due to different etiology. Definite sample included 80 respondents divided into two groups. All respondent underwent interview, clinical examination, ECG and echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) for the athletes were 115.8±7.2 mmHg, and in patients, with hypertension 154.4±3.5 mmHg, average values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for the athletes were 74.2±8.1 mmHg in patients, hypertensive 96.2 ± 3.9 mmHg. Values of SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the group of athletes compared to patients with hypertension (p=0.001). The value of the SFO/min was significantly lower in the group of athletes compared to patients with hypertension (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the sum of SV2 RV5 and between groups of athletes and groups of patients with hypertension (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the echocardiography parameters between two groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the sum of SV2 and RV5 between groups of athletes and groups of patients with hypertension (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECG parameters, PQ, QRS, QT did not prove to be useful in the differentiation between the groups because no statistically significant differences in their values were found. Echocardiography is a reliable diagnostic tool in differentiating physiologic hypertrophy of athletes compared to hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine of the Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreso
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Fahir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barakovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cantonal hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Senad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medjedovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine of the Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Amela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halilbasic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine of the Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Muhamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klepic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Athlete’s heart syndrome; echocardiography; electrocardiography; hypertension