title: Comparison of innate and Th1-type host immune responses in Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis infections in pigs.
abstract: This study investigated the details of the innate and Th1/Treg-type-associated host immune responses in Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum mono- and co-infected pigs and in vitro in stimulated porcine dendritic cell cultures. Forty-eight pigs were allocated into a 2-factorial design with two groups trickle-inoculated with 10 T. suis eggs/kg/day (Group T) or 20 O. dentatum L3/kg/day (O). Another group (OT) was infected with both parasites. Group C remained uninfected. Expression of innate and Th1/Treg-cell-associated genes in gut mucosa and associated lymph nodes was determined by qPCR at necropsy day 35 and 71. Gene expression showed suppressed/inhibited Th1 and Treg-type immune reactions, in accordance with previous findings of a predominant Th2-type immune response to both nematodes. The in vitro part examined the production of TNF-α in porcine dendritic cells (DC) exposed to T. suis and/or O. dentatum excretory/secretory (E/S) products. Further, binding capacity and structure of E/S products were characterized. Glycan and lectin-binding capacity were generally lower in O. dentatum E/S products compared to T. suis which may explain the earlier found weaker Th2 response to the former. Surprisingly, O. dentatum E/S products induced a significant (P < 0·0001) increase in TNF-α DC production, potentially indicating a new mode of helminth-host immune response interaction.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.affiliation: Innate Immunology Group, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skovgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Klaver
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Die
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mejer
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thamsborg
authors.affiliation: Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kringel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D009815:Oesophagostomum / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014258:Trichuris / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Oesophagostomum dentatum; Trichuris suis; dendritic cells; immune response; pig; qPCR