title: Role of MCP-1 on inflammatory processes and metabolic dysfunction following high-fat feedings in the FVB/N strain.
abstract: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is known to be an important chemokine for macrophage recruitment. Thus, targeting MCP-1 may prevent the perturbations associated with macrophage-induced inflammation in adipose tissue. However, inconsistencies in the available animal literature have questioned the role of this chemokine in this process. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of MCP-1 on obesity-related pathologies.
  
  
  
  Wild-type and MCP-1-deficient mice on an friend virus B NIH (FVB/N) background were assigned to either low-fat diet or high-fat diet (HFD) treatment for a period of 16 weeks. Body weight and body composition were measured weekly and monthly, respectively. Fasting blood glucose and insulin, and glucose tolerance were measured at 16 weeks. Macrophages, T-cell markers, inflammatory mediators and markers of fibrosis were examined in the adipose tissue at the time of killing the mice.
  
  
  
  As expected, HFD increased adiposity (body weight, fat mass, fat percent and adipocyte size), metabolic dysfunction (impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance) macrophage number (CD11b(+)F480(+) cells, and gene expression of EMR1 and CD11c), T-cell markers (gene expression of CD4 and CD8), inflammatory mediators (pNFκB and pJNK, and mRNA expression of MCP-1, CCL5, C-X-C motif chemokine-14, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and fibrosis (expression of IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2); P<0.05). However, contrary to our hypothesis, MCP-1 deficiency exacerbated many of these responses resulting in a further increase in adiposity (body weight, fat mass, fat percent and adipocyte size), metabolic dysregulation, macrophage markers (EMR1), inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis (formation of type I and III collagens, mRNA expression of IL-10 and MMP2; P<0.05).
  
  
  
  These data suggest that MCP-1 may be a necessary component of the inflammatory response required for adipose tissue protection, remodeling and healthy expansion in the FVB/N strain in response to HFD feedings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cranford
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Enos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Velázquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: U P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagarkatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nagarkatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha