title: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by irreversible airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that contribute to the inflammatory response in COPD and degrade extracellular matrix components. Their enzymatic activity is inhibited by a four-member family of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In COPD, the MMP/TIMP network, mainly MMP-9, has been repeatedly observed to be dysregulated at both the local (lung) and systemic levels. Here, we review the findings reported in numerous cross-sectional studies with our primary focus on longitudinal observations in human COPD studies. The data from longitudinal prospective studies on the MMP/TIMP network may lead to the introduction of novel prognostic biomarkers into clinical management of COPD. We address the relationship between the systemic and local lung MMP/TIMP network in COPD patients and briefly describe the involvement of microRNAs. Finally, the role of the MMP/TIMP network in COPD treatment is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenomics, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Navratilova
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vitezslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kolek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenomics, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic. martin.petrek@fnol.cz.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrek
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000201:enzymology*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Biomarker; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Local and systemic response; Matrix metalloproteinases; MicroRNAs; Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases