title: Effects of end tidal CO2 and venous CO2 levels on postoperative nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complaint of paediatric surgical patients. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of end tidal CO2 (PeCO2) and venous CO2 (PvCO2) in laryngeal mask (LMA) and face mask (FM) ventilation on the occurrence of PONV in paediatric patients with surgical interventions in the inguinal region. To date, no data regarding these parameters on PONV are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety children were randomized using the sealed-envelope method. Group 1 consisted of 45 patients whose airway was managed with LMA; Group 2 consisted of 45 patients whose airway was managed with FM. Induction of anaesthesia was performed via administration of 8% sevoflurane in a mixture of air/oxygen in all patients. In both groups, manually controlled ventilation was applied. Five (t1) and fifteen (t2) min after the start of surgery, venous blood samples were obtained and PeCO2 was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PeCO2 (t2) and PvCO2 (t2) levels and the occurrence of PONV were significantly increased in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.005 for all). In both groups, the occurrence of PONV was positively correlated with BMI, PeCO2 (t2), and PvCO2 (t2) levels (p < 0.05 for all), whereas it was inversely correlated with SpO2 levels (p < 0.05 for all) in a bivariate analysis. We found that the PeCO2 (t2) and PvCO2 (t2) levels were independently associated with the occurrence of PONV in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that elevated levels of PeCO2 (t2) and PvCO2 (t2) are independent risk factors for PONV, and these parameters may be used as adjunctive tools to assess the occurrence of PONV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey. nurayaltay@ymail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalçın
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aydoğan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yüce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane