title: Morphological and transcriptional responses of Lycopersicon esculentum to hexavalent chromium in agricultural soil.
abstract: The carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) on living organisms through the food chain raise the immediate need to assess the potential toxicological impacts of Cr(VI) on human health. Therefore, the concentration-dependent responses of 12 Cr(VI)-responsive genes selected from a high-throughput Lycopersicon esculentum complementary DNA microarray were examined at different Cr concentrations. The results indicated that most of the genes were differentially expressed from 0.1 mg Cr/kg soil, whereas the lowest-observable-adverse-effect concentrations of Cr(VI) were 1.6 mg Cr/kg soil, 6.4 mg Cr/kg soil, 3.2 mg Cr/kg soil, and 0.4 mg Cr/kg soil for seed germination, root elongation, root biomass, and root morphology, respectively, implying that the transcriptional method was more sensitive than the traditional method in detecting Cr(VI) toxicity. Dose-dependent responses were observed for the relative expression of expansin (p = 0.778), probable chalcone-flavonone isomerase 3 (p = -0.496), and 12S seed storage protein CRD (p = -0.614); therefore, the authors propose the 3 genes as putative biomarkers in Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1751-1758. © 2015 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Guo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.|Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Shan
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion
keywords: Biomarker; Hexavalent chromium; Lycopersicon esculentum; Microarray; Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction