title: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Heat- and Shake-Induced Injury in the Rat Small Intestine.
abstract: We investigated the mechanisms underlying damage to rat small intestine in heat- and shake-induced stress. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a 3-day stressed group treated 2 h daily for 3 days on a rotary platform at 35°C and 60 r/min. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections of the jejunum following stress revealed shedding of the villus tip epithelial cells and lamina propria exposure. Apoptosis increased at the villus tip and extended to the basement membrane. Photomicrographs revealed that the microvilli were shorter and sparser; the nuclear envelope invaginated and gaps in the karyolemma increased; and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelled significantly. Gene microarray analysis assessed 93 differentially expressed genes associated with apoptosis, ER stress, and autophagy. Relevant genes were compiled from the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Forty-one genes were involved in the regulation of apoptosis, fifteen were related to autophagy, and eleven responded to ER stress. According to KEGG, the apoptosis pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and regulation of autophagy were involved. Caspase3 (Casp3), caspase12 (Casp12), and microtubule-associate proteins 1 light chain 3(LC3) increased significantly at the villus tip while mTOR decreased; phosphorylated-AKT (P-AKT) decreased. ER stress was involved and induced autophagy and apoptosis in rat intestinal damage following heat and shake stress. Bioinformatic analysis will help determine the underlying mechanisms in stress-induced damage in the small intestine.
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Changrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaofei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006359:Heat Exhaustion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D053454:Caspase 12; D053148:Caspase 3; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C526109:Anxa3 protein, rat; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; C506443:Casp12 protein, rat; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat