title: Pedunculopontine Gamma Band Activity and Development.
abstract: This review highlights the most important discovery in the reticular activating system in the last 10 years, the manifestation of gamma band activity in cells of the reticular activating system (RAS), especially in the pedunculopontine nucleus, which is in charge of waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The identification of different cell groups manifesting P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels that control waking vs. those that manifest N-type channels that control REM sleep provides novel avenues for the differential control of waking vs. REM sleep. Recent discoveries on the development of this system can help explain the developmental decrease in REM sleep and the basic rest-activity cycle.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. GarciaRillEdgar@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Rill
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. BRLuster@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Brennon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luster
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. SCMahaffey@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. macnicolmelanie@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacNicol
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. JRHyde@me.com.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. sdonofrio@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Stasia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72476, USA. cphillips@astate.edu.
authors.forename: Cristy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
keywords: Ca2+ channels; REM sleep; basic rest-activity cycle; connexin 36; electrical coupling; parafascicular; preconscious awareness; reticular activating system; subcoeruleus; waking