title: Molecular Analysis of Oral Bacteria in Heart Valve of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.
abstract: Structural deficiencies and functional abnormalities of heart valves represent an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and a number of diseases, such as aortic stenosis, have been recently associated with infectious agents. This study aimed to analyze oral bacteria in dental plaque, saliva, and cardiac valves of patients with cardiovascular disease. Samples of supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, saliva, and cardiac valve tissue were collected from 42 patients with heart valve disease. Molecular analysis of Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola was performed through real-time PCR. The micro-organism most frequently detected in heart valve samples was the S. mutans (89.3%), followed by P. intermedia (19.1%), P. gingivalis (4.2%), and T. denticola (2.1%). The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) was 26.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD), and according to the highest score of periodontal disease observed for each patient, periodontal pockets > 4 mm and dental calculus were detected in 43.4% and 34.7% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, oral bacteria, especially S. mutans, were found in the cardiac valve samples of patients with a high rate of caries and gingivitis/periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Stomatology and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará (FAFO, CPF, PGBS, MRLM, FBS); Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará (APNNA); Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará (CRMRS); Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil (CBL, AKCRS); Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil (RCM).
authors.forename: Francisco Artur Forte
authors.initials: FAF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Clarissa Pessoa Fernandes
authors.initials: CPF
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.forename: Paulo Goberlânio de Barros
authors.initials: PGB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Camile B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Raquel Carvalho
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Ândrea Kely Campos Ribeiro Dos
authors.initials: ÂKCRD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto Martins Rodrigues
authors.initials: CRMR
authors.lastname: Sobrinho
authors.forename: Mário Rogério Lima
authors.initials: MRL
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Fabrício Bitu
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes
authors.initials: APNN
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification