title: In vitro fermentation of prebiotic carbohydrates by intestinal microbiota in the presence of Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16998.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the assimilation of the prebiotics fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and Konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides (KGMO) by three human (H1, H2 and H3) and pig (P1, P2 and P3) faecal microbiotas in the presence of the potentially probiotic strain Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698, using an in vitro batch fermentation model. Total bacteria and L. amylovorus populations were quantified using qPCR and biochemical features (pH, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lactate, ammonia, and carbohydrate assimilation) were determined. L. amylovorus did not have a competitive advantage under in vitro conditions, reflected by its reduced relative abundance during fermentation despite the carbohydrate sources added. Pig microbiota sustained more stable probiotic counts. Intermittently produced lactate was possibly assimilated by the microbiota and converted to other SCFA as the carbohydrates were assimilated, with H3 probably having a methanogenic metabolism with high lactate and acetate consumption except in the presence of FOS, which assimilation resulted in the highest total SCFA for this volunteer. Addition of FOS also resulted in lower pH and ammonia, which might have been used as nitrogen source by pig microbiota. KGMO needed longer fermentation periods to be completely assimilated by both human and porcine faecal microbiotas. Overall, our results reinforce the notion that care must be taken when generalising the effects claimed for a given probiotic or potentially probiotic strain, including the combination with different prebiotic substrates, since they may vary considerably among individuals, which is important when studying potentially pro- and prebiotic combinations for application as functional foods and feed ingredients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|2 Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EJ Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Cardarelli
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|2 Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EJ Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R C R
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: 3 Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.affiliation: 3 Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schols
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: B D G M
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S M I
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EJ Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008351:Mannans / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D056692:Prebiotics; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D008351:Mannans; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; C116580:fructooligosaccharide; D005632:Fructose; C022901:(1-6)-alpha-glucomannan; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides; fructooligosaccharides; galactooligosaccharides; probiotic