title: Urinary Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer.
abstract: In light of the overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with widespread prostate-specific antigen-based screening, controversy persists surrounding the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Given its anatomic proximity to the prostate, urine has been proposed as a noninvasive substrate for prostatic biomarkers. With greater understanding of the molecular pathways of carcinogenesis and significant technological advances, the breadth of potential biomarkers is substantial. In this review, the authors aim to provide an evidence-based assessment of current and emerging urinary biomarkers used in the detection and prognostication of PCa and high-grade PCa, with particular attention on clinically relevant findings.
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: jt@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tosoian
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sokoll
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Partin
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pavlovich
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000652:urine*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D001706:Biopsy; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D064307:Microbiota; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000652:urine; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000652:urine; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C072312:ERG protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C421305:TMPRSS2 protein, human
keywords: Biomarkers; GSTP1; Metabolomics; Microbiota; PCA3; Prostate cancer; TMPRSS2:ERG; Urine