title: Monitoring oil displacement processes with k-t accelerated spin echo SPI.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a robust tool to monitor oil displacement processes in porous media. Conventional MRI measurement times can be lengthy, which hinders monitoring time-dependent displacements. Knowledge of the oil and water microscopic distribution is important because their pore scale behavior reflects the oil trapping mechanisms. The oil and water pore scale distribution is reflected in the magnetic resonance T2 signal lifetime distribution. In this work, a pure phase-encoding MRI technique, spin echo SPI (SE-SPI), was employed to monitor oil displacement during water flooding and polymer flooding. A k-t acceleration method, with low-rank matrix completion, was employed to improve the temporal resolution of the SE-SPI MRI measurements. Comparison to conventional SE-SPI T2 mapping measurements revealed that the k-t accelerated measurement was more sensitive and provided higher-quality results. It was demonstrated that the k-t acceleration decreased the average measurement time from 66.7 to 20.3 min in this work. A perfluorinated oil, containing no (1) H, and H2 O brine were employed to distinguish oil and water phases in model flooding experiments. High-quality 1D water saturation profiles were acquired from the k-t accelerated SE-SPI measurements. Spatially and temporally resolved T2 distributions were extracted from the profile data. The shift in the (1) H T2 distribution of water in the pore space to longer lifetimes during water flooding and polymer flooding is consistent with increased water content in the pore space. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: MRI Center, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.|Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: MRI Center, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romero-Zerón
authors.affiliation: MRI Center, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Balcom
keywords: 1H; MRI; T2 distribution; enhanced oil recovery; k-t SE-SPI; oil displacement; pore scale fluid behavior; water saturation profile