title: Pneumococcal Disease in the Era of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.
abstract: Universal immunization of infants and toddlers with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines over the last 15 years has dramatically altered the landscape of pneumococcal disease. Decreases in invasive pneumococcal disease, all-cause pneumonia, empyema, mastoiditis, acute otitis media, and complicated otitis media have been reported from multiple countries in which universal immunization has been implemented. Children with comorbid conditions have higher rates of pneumococcal disease and increased case fatality rates compared with otherwise healthy children, and protection for the most vulnerable pediatric patients will require new strategies to address the underlying host susceptibility and the expanded spectrum of serotypes observed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: spelton@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Pelton
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Invasive pneumococcal disease; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal disease; Pneumococcal meningitis; Pneumococcal pneumonia