title: Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects in a Center With Limited Resources: Outcomes and Short Term Follow-Up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) has been accepted world-wide as an alternative to surgical closure with excellent results. This interventional, non-surgical technique plays an important role in the treatment of ASD mostly in the developing world where resources are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the outcomes and short term follow-up of transcatheter closure of ASD over a 12-year period at our institution with limited resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included all patients with the diagnosis of secundum ASD and significant shunting (Qp/Qs > 1.5:1) as well as dilated right atrium and right ventricle who had transcatheter closure at Integrated Cardiovascular Center (PJT), Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between October 2002 and October 2014. One hundred fifty-two patients enrolled in this study were candidates for device closure. Right and left heart cardiac catheterization was performed before the procedure. All patients underwent physical examination, ECG, chest X-ray and transthoracal echocardiography (TTE) prior to device implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 152 patients with significant ASD underwent device implantation. Subjects' age ranged from 0.63 to 69.6 years, with median 9.36 years and mean 16.30 years. They consisted of 33 (21.7%) males and 119 (78.3%) females, with mean body weight of 29.9 kg (range 8 to 75; SD 18.2). The device was successfully implanted in 150 patients where the majority of cases received the Amplatzer septal occluder (147/150; 98%) and the others received the Heart Lifetech ASD occluder (3/150, 2%), whereas two other cases were not suitable for device closure and we decided for surgical closure. The mean ASD size was 19.75 (range 14 - 25) mm. During the procedure, 5 (4.9%) patients had bradycardia and 3 (2.9%) patients had supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), all of which resolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our center with limited facilities and manpower, transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect was effective and safe as an alternative treatment to surgery. The outcome and short-term follow-up revealed excellent results, but long-term follow-up is needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Helath, Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sukman T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Putra
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Helath, Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Mulyadi M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Djer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Helath, Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nikmah S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hasri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samion
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Helath, Integrated Cardiovascular Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sudigdo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sastroasmoro
keywords: Atrial Septal Defect; Limited Resources; Surgical Closure; Transcatheter Closure