title: Evaluation of Mobile Health Applications Developed by a Tertiary Hospital as a Tool for Quality Improvement Breakthrough.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the mobile health applications (apps) developed by a single tertiary hospital in Korea with a particular focus on quality and patient safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three mobile health apps developed by Asan Medical Center were selected for analysis after exclusion of the apps without any relationship with healthcare or clinical workflow, the apps for individual usage, and the mobile Web apps. Two clinical informaticians independently evaluated the apps with respect to the six aims for quality improvement suggested by the United States Institute of Medicine. All discrepancies were resolved after discussion by the two reviewers. The six aims observed in the apps were reviewed and compared by target users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven apps targeted patients, the other 12 were designed for healthcare providers. Among the apps for patients, one app also had functions for healthcare providers. 'My cancer diary' and 'My chart in my hand' apps matched all the six aims. Of the six aims, Timeliness was the most frequently observed (20 apps), and Equity was the least observed (6 apps). Timeliness (10/11 vs. 10/12) and Patient safety (10/11 vs. 9/12) were frequently observed in both groups. In the apps for patients, Patient-centeredness (10/11 vs. 2/12) and Equity (6/11 vs. 0/12) were more frequent but Efficiency (5/11 vs. 10/12) was less frequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the six aims were observed in the apps, but the extent of coverage varied. Further studies, evaluating the extent to which they improve quality are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yura
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Ubiquitous Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Medical Information Office, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Ubiquitous Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Medical Information Office, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ubiquitous Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Medical Information Office, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Medical Information Office, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Ubiquitous Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Segyeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Ubiquitous Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Endocrinology/Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joong-Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Medical Information Office, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Ubiquitous Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bates
keywords: Mobile Health; Patient Safety; Patient-Centered Care; Quality Improvement; Telemedicine