title: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Coexistent Small Vessel Disease and Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: Results From the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and small vessel disease (SVD) may coexist. There are limited data on the frequency and risk factors for coexistent SVD and the effect of SVD on stroke recurrence in patients receiving medical treatment for ICAS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency and risk factors for SVD and the effect of SVD on stroke recurrence in patients with ICAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A post hoc analysis of the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) study, a prospective, multicenter clinical trial. Among 451 participants, 313 (69.4%) had baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging scans read centrally for SVD that was defined by any of the following: old lacunar infarction, grade 2 to 3 on the Fazekas scale (for high-grade white matter hyperintensities), or microbleeds. Patient enrollment in SAMMPRIS began November 25, 2008, and follow-up ended on April 30, 2013. Data analysis for the present study was performed from May 13, 2014, to July 29, 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk factors in patients with vs without SVD and the association between SVD and other baseline risk factors with any ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery determined using proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 313 patients, 155 individuals (49.5%) had SVD noted on baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Variables that were significantly higher in patients with SVD, reported as mean (SD), included age, 63.5 (10.5) years (P < .001), systolic blood pressure, 149 (22) mm Hg (P < .001), glucose level, 130 (50) mg/dL (P = .03), and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (median, ≥24 [interquartile range, 20-26]; P = .02).Other significant variables were the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (88 of 155 [56.8%]; P = .003), coronary artery disease (46 [29.7%]; P = .004), stroke before the qualifying event (59 [38.1%]; P < .001), old infarct in the territory of the stenotic intracranial artery (88 [56.8%]; P < .001), and receiving antithrombotic therapy at the time of the qualifying event (109 [70.3%]; P = .005). The association between SVD and any ischemic stroke was nearly significant in the direction of a higher risk (18 [23.7%]); P = .07) for patients with SVD. On bivariate analysis, SVD was not associated with an increased risk on multivariable analyses (hazard ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.8-3.8]; P = .20). In addition, SVD was not associated with an increased risk of stroke in the territory on either bivariate or multivariable analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although SVD is common in patients with ICAS, the presence of SVD on baseline magnetic resonance imaging is not independently associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with ICAS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576693.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinfomatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Stroke Program, Charleston.
authors.forename: Tanya N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Colin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Derdeyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiorella
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Bethany F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinfomatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: L Scott
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Janis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina Stroke Program, Charleston.
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rumboldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Stroke Program, Charleston.
authors.forename: Marc I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Chimowitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome