title: Rapid preparation of expanded graphite by microwave irradiation for the extraction of triazine herbicides in milk samples.
abstract: In this study, we proposed a rapid and efficient method for the preparation of the expanded graphite (EG). The exfoliation process was accelerated by microwave irradiation, and the preparation time was greatly shortened. The obtained EG was worm-like in shape and exhibits well exfoliated structure. It was successfully applied as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent to extract and clean up the triazine herbicides in milk, followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The parameters affecting the performance of extraction and LC-MS analysis were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limits of triazines are in the range of 0.03-0.12 ng mL(-1). At the spiked level (0.4 ng mL(-1)), the recoveries of triazines are in the range of 82.5±2.5% to 97.5±7.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine six triazines in six milk samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Fengshuang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Huiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address: dinglan@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008872:Microwaves; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014227:Triazines / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Expanded graphite; Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; Microwave irradiation; Milk samples; Solid-phase extraction; Triazine herbicides