title: Molecular cloning and expression analysis of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) genes from grouper (Epinephelus coioides).
abstract: Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a group of proteins binding to lysine residues of target proteins and thereby modifying their stability, activity and subcellular localization. In the present study, two SUMO homolog genes (EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2) from grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were cloned and characterized. The full-length sequence of EcSUMO1 was 749 bp in length and contained a predicted open reading frame of 306 bp encoding 101 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.34 kDa. The full-length sequence of EcSUMO2 was 822 bp in length and contained a predicted open reading frame of 291 bp encoding 96 amino acids with a molecular mass of 10.88 kDa EcSUMO1 shares 44.55% identity with EcSUMO2. EcSUMO1 shares 99%, 90%, and 88% identity with those from Oreochromis niloticus, Danio rerio, and Homo sapiens, respectively. EcSUMO2 shares 98%, 93%, and 96% identity with those from Anoplopoma fimbria, D.rerio, and H. sapiens, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 were constitutively expressed in all of the analyzed tissues in healthy grouper, but the expression of EcSUMO2 was higher than that of EcSUMO1. EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 were identified as a remarkably (P < 0.01) up-regulated responding to poly(I:C) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) stimulation in head kidney of groupers. EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 were distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus in GS cells. Over-expressed EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 enhanced SGIV and Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) replication during viral infection in vitro. Our study was an important attempt to understand the SUMO pathway in fish, which may provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of viral infection in E.coioides under farmed conditions.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongcan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China. Electronic address: qinqw@scsio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Qiwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000662:veterinary; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D017994:Iridovirus / Q000502:physiology; D030381:Nodaviridae / Q000502:physiology; D010473:Perciformes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000662:veterinary; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029941:Fish Proteins; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins
keywords: Cellular localization; Epinephelus coioides; SGIV; SUMO1; SUMO2