title: Quantitative Kinetics Evaluation of Blocks Versus Granules of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds (HA/β-TCP 30/70) by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Microtomography: A Human Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Successful bone regeneration using both granules and blocks of biphasic calcium phosphate materials has been reported in the recent literature, in some clinical applications for maxillary sinus elevation, but the long-term kinetics of bone regeneration has still not been fully investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed and grafted with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate 30/70, 12 with granules and 12 with blocks. The samples were retrieved at different time points and were evaluated for bone regeneration, graft resorption, neovascularization, and morphometric parameters by computed microtomography and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large amount of newly formed bone was detected in the retrieved specimens, together with a good rate of biomaterial resorption and the formation of a homogeneous and rich net of new vessels. The morphometric values were comparable at 5/6 months from grafting but, 9 months after grafting, revealed that the block-based specimens mimicked slightly better than granule-based samples the healthy native bone of the maxillary site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scaffold morphology was confirmed to influence the long-term kinetics of bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: *Researcher, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Biologia e Fisica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. †Research Fellow, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Biologia e Fisica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. ‡Research Fellow, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Trieste, Italy; The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; and LAC1 USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA. §Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ¶Private Practice, Gravedona (Como), Italy. ‖Researcher, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. #Private Practice, Gravedona (Como), Italy; and Visiting Professor of University of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manescu
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate