title: Simultaneous determination of parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan in human urine, blood and breast milk by continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan in human breast milk, blood and urine samples is proposed. Blood and milk require a pretreatment to remove proteins and other substances potentially interfering with the continuous solid-phase extraction (SPE) system used; on the other hand, urine samples can be directly introduced into the system after filtering. Analytes are retained on a LiChrolut EN column and derivatized by silylation following elution with acetonitrile. The resulting trimethylsilyl derivatives are determined by GC-MS. The proposed method exhibited good linearity (r(2)>0.995) for all target EDCs over the concentration range 0.7-10,000ng/l in urine, and 3.3-50,000ng/l in blood and milk. Also, it provided low limits of detection (0.2-1.8ng/l in urine, and 1.0-9.0ng/l in blood and milk), good precision (relative standard deviations less than 7%) and recoveries from 86 to 104%. A total of 24 human fluid samples were analyzed and most found to contain some target EDC at concentrations from 0.10 to 14μg/l.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Abdelmonaim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzouz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rascón
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain. Electronic address: eballes@ujaen.es.
authors.forename: Evaristo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014260:Triclosan / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols; D014260:Triclosan; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Blood and urine samples analysis; Continuous solid-phase extraction; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Human breast milk