title: Role of Multiparametric MR Imaging in Malignancies of the Urogenital Tract.
abstract: Multiparametric MR imaging (mpMRI) combine different sequences that, properly tailored, can provide qualitative and quantitative information about the tumor microenvironment beyond traditional tumor size measures and/or morphologic assessments. This article focuses on mpMRI in the evaluation of urogenital tract malignancies by first reviewing technical aspects and then discussing its potential clinical role. This includes insight into histologic subtyping and grading of renal cell carcinoma and assessment of tumor response to targeted therapies. The clinical utility of mpMRI in the staging and grading of ureteral and bladder tumors is presented. Finally, the evolving role of mpMRI in prostate cancer is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, 2nd Floor, Suite 202, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz de Leon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, 2nd Floor, Suite 202, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, 2nd Floor, Suite 202, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address: ivan.pedrosa@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000639:trends*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000639:trends; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Arterial spin labeling; Diffusion-weighted imaging; Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging; Kidney cancer; MR imaging; Prostate cancer; Urothelial carcinoma