title: The use of botanical products and vitamins in sunscreens.
abstract: The use of botanical products and vitamins in skin care creams and sunscreens is prevalent. Herein we conduct an evaluation of sunscreens to quantitatively assess how often sunscreens incorporate botanically derived products and vitamins. The most commonly used botanicals products and vitamins are identified and stratified based on the sunscreen sun protection factor (SPF). The overall prevalence for the use of botanical agents and vitamins was 62% and 79%, respectively. Aloe vera and licorice root extracts were the most common botanical agents used in sunscreens. Retinyl palmitate was the most common vitamin derivative utilized in sunscreens. The prices of sunscreens significantly increased when more than one botanical product was added. Botanical products and vitamins are widely utilized in sunscreens and more research is needed to assess how their inclusion may enhance or alter the function of sunscreens.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monico
authors.forename: Micheal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ritika S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Johal
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: University of California - Davis.
authors.forename: Raja K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sivamani
mesh_terms: D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004224:Diterpenes; D006035:Glycyrrhiza / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D059405:Sun Protection Factor; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate