title: Comprehensive assessment of impaired peripheral and coronary artery endothelial functions in smokers using brachial artery ultrasound and oxygen-15-labeled water PET.
abstract: Comprehensive evaluation of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular functions in peripheral arteries and coronary arteries in smokers has never been performed previously. Through the use of brachial artery ultrasound and oxygen-15-labeled water positron emission tomography (PET), we sought to investigate peripheral and coronary vascular dysfunctions in smokers.
  
  
  
  Eight smokers and 10 healthy individuals underwent brachial artery ultrasound at rest, during reactive hyperemia [250mmHg cuff occlusion (flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)], and following sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) administration. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was assessed through O-15-labeled water PET at rest, during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) administration, and during a cold pressor test (CPT). Through ultrasound, smokers were shown to have significantly reduced %FMD compared to controls (6.62±2.28% vs. 11.29±2.75%, p=0.0014). As assessed by O-15-labeled water PET, smokers were shown to have a significantly lower CPT response than were controls (21.1±9.5% vs. 50.9±16.9%, p=0.0004). There was no relationship between %FMD and CPT response (r=0.40, p=0.097). Endothelium-independent vascular dilatation was similar for both groups in terms of coronary flow reserve with PET (p=0.19). Smokers tended to have lower %NTG in the brachial artery (p=0.055).
  
  
  
  Smokers exhibited impaired coronary endothelial function as well as peripheral brachial artery endothelial function. In addition, there was no correlation between PET and ultrasound measurements, possibly implying that while smokers may have systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction, the characteristics of that dysfunction may be different in peripheral arteries and coronary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: kyoshi@nirs.go.jp.
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.affiliation: Clinical Statistics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chietsugu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes
keywords: Endothelium; Positron emission tomography; Smoking; Ultrasound; Vascular