title: Vitamin D Status Is an Independent Risk Factor for Global Cognitive Impairment in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI) in the general population, but VD status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum VD levels and global and specific cognitive functions in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study, simultaneously conducted at two PD centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically stable patients (n = 273) undergoing PD for at least 3 months were enrolled over a period of one year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and comorbidity data were recorded, and routine biochemical parameters and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels of overnight fasted patients were determined. Global cognitive function was assessed by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) score; executive function, by the trail making tests (Trails A and B); and immediate memory, delayed memory, and language ability by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) sub-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the univariate analysis, serum 25(OH) D levels significantly correlated with 3MS scores (r = -0.139; P = 0.02), and Trail A (r = -0.188; P = 0.002) and B (r = -0.154; P = 0.01) completion times. In the multivariate analysis, 25(OH) D was found to be independently associated with global CI, but not with executive dysfunction. Serum 25(OH) D could not predict scores of immediate/delayed memory and language ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VD deficiency is highly prevalent in PD patients and is an independent risk factor for global CI in this patient cohort.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Gui
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D