title: Identification and functional characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-α gene in Litopenaeus vannamei.
abstract: In the current study, full-length sequence of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-α (LvERO1-α) was cloned from Litopenaeus vannamei. Real-time RT-PCR results showed that LvERO1-α was highly expressed in hemocytes, gills, and intestines. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge was performed, and the expression of LvERO1-α and two other downstream genes of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase-eIF2α (PERK-α) pathway, namely, homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum protein (LvHERP) and acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme (LvAARE), strongly increased in the hemocytes. Flow cytometry assay results indicated that the apoptosis rate of L. vannamei hemocytes in the LvERO1-α knockdown group was significantly lower than that of the controls. Moreover, shrimps with knockdown expression of LvERO1-α exhibited decreased cumulative mortality upon WSSV infection. Downregulation of L. vannamei immunoglobulin-binding protein (LvBip), which had been proven to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) in L. vannamei, did not only upregulate LvERO1-α, LvHERP, and LvAARE in hemocytes, but also increased their apoptosis rate, as well as the shrimp cumulative mortality. Furthermore, reporter gene assay results showed that the promoter of LvERO1-α was activated by L. vannamei activating transcription factor 4, thereby confirming that LvERO1-α was regulated by the PERK-eIF2α pathway. These results suggested that LvERO1-α plays a critical role in WSSV-induced apoptosis, which likely occurs through the WSSV-activated PERK-eIF2α pathway.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Ze-Zhi
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China. Electronic address: chenyh6@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000276:immunology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000235:genetics*; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase
keywords: Apoptosis; ERO1-α; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Litopenaeus vannamei; Unfolded protein response; White spot syndrome virus