title: Microemulsion-based lycopene extraction: Effect of surfactants, co-surfactants and pretreatments.
abstract: Lycopene is a potent antioxidant that has received extensive attention recently. Due to the challenges encountered with current methods of lycopene extraction using hazardous solvents, industry calls for a greener, safer and more efficient process. The main purpose of present study was application of microemulsion technique to extract lycopene from tomato pomace. In this respect, the effect of eight different surfactants, four different co-surfactants, and ultrasound and enzyme pretreatments on lycopene extraction efficiency was examined. Experimental results revealed that application of combined ultrasound and enzyme pretreatments, saponin as a natural surfactant, and glycerol as a co-surfactant, in the bicontinuous region of microemulsion was the optimal experimental conditions resulting in a microemulsion containing 409.68±0.68 μg/glycopene. The high lycopene concentration achieved, indicates that microemulsion technique, using a low-cost natural surfactant could be promising for a simple and safe separation of lycopene from tomato pomace and possibly from tomato industrial wastes.
authors.affiliation: Food Colloids and Rheology Lab., Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Atefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amiri-Rigi
authors.affiliation: Food Colloids and Rheology Lab., Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sabbasifood@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Soleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004655:Emulsions; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Enzyme; Glycerol (PubChem CID: 753); Hexane (PubChem CID: 8058); Lycopene; Microemulsion; Propylene glycol (PubChem CID: 1030); Rhamnolipid (PubChem CID: 5458394); Saponin (PubChem CID: 71720835); Span 20 (PubChem CID: 14926); Sucrose monopalmitate (PubChem CID: 5360814); Surfactant; Tween 20 (PubChem CID: 86289077); Tween 60 (PubChem CID: 24832100); Tween 80 (PubChem CID: 5281955); Ultrasound