title: Propylparaben-induced disruption of energy metabolism in human HepG2 cell line leads to increased synthesis of superoxide anions and apoptosis.
abstract: The effect of propylparaben (in final concentrations 0.4 ng/ml, 2.3 ng/ml and 4.6 ng/ml) on the energy metabolism of HepG2 hepatocytes, superoxide anion synthesis, apoptosis and necrosis is described. Propylparaben can be toxic to liver cells due to the increased production of superoxide anions, which can contribute to a reduced concentration of superoxide dismutase in vivo and impairment of the body's antioxidant mechanisms. Finally, a further reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and uncoupling of the respiratory chain resulting in a reduction in ATP concentration as a result of mitochondrial damage may lead to cell death by apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szeląg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zabłocka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trzeciak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drozd
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baranowska-Bosiacka
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goschorska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72 Str., Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chlubek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: gutowska@pum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gutowska
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010226:Parabens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D010226:Parabens; D013481:Superoxides; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C006068:propylparaben
keywords: ATP; Apoptosis; HepG2; Liver; Propylparaben; ROS