title: Penetrating Trauma to the Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra.
abstract: We describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of adult civilian penetrating trauma to the ureter, bladder, and urethra. Trauma is a significant source of death and morbidity. Genitourinary injuries are present in 10% of penetrating trauma cases. Prompt recognition and appropriate management of genitourinary injuries, which are often masked or overlooked due to concomitant injuries, is essential to minimize morbidity. Penetrating trauma most commonly results from gunshot wounds or stab wounds. Compared to blunt trauma, these typically require surgical exploration. An understanding of anatomy and a high index of suspicion are necessary for prompt recognition of genitourinary injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco.
authors.forename: Uwais B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Bayne
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco.
authors.forename: Catherine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alwaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco.
authors.forename: Jack W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McAninch
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco.
authors.forename: Benjamin N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Breyer
keywords: bladder; genitourinary trauma; ureter; urethra