title: Acetoacetate promotes the formation of fluorescent advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
abstract: Acetoacetate (AA) is an important ketone body, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are defined as final products of glycation process whose production is influenced by the levels of ROS. The accumulation of AGEs in the body contributes to pathogenesis of many diseases including complications of diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Here, we evaluated the impact of AA on production of AGEs upon incubation of human serum albumin (HSA) with glucose. The effect of AA on the AGEs formation of HSA was studied under physiological conditions after incubation with glucose for 35 days. The physical techniques including circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to assess the impact of AA on formation and structural changes of glycated HSA (GHSA). Our results indicated that the secondary and tertiary structural changes of GHSA were increased in the presence of AA. The fluorescence intensity measurements of AGEs also showed an increase in AGEs formation. Acetoacetate has an activator effect in formation of AGEs through ROS production. The presence of AA may result in enhanced glycation in the presence of glucose and severity of complications associated with accumulation of AGEs.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran.
authors.forename: Mousa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohlooli
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghaffari-Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khajeh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran.
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aghashiri
authors.affiliation: c Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and McPherson Eye Research Institute , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheibani
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moosavi-Movahedi
mesh_terms: D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D005453:Fluorescence; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000737:chemistry*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D008239:Lysine
keywords: acetoacetate; advanced glycation end products (AGEs); glycated HSA; prolonged incubation; reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ketone body