title: Effect of Pneumoperitoneum on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via the Arginase Pathway in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress during CO₂ pneumoperitoneum is reported to be associated with decreased bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO). However, the changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase during CO₂ pneumoperitoneum have not been elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups. After anesthesia induction, the abdominal cavities of the rats of groups intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)-10 and IAP-20 were insufflated with CO₂ at pressures of 10 mm Hg and 20 mm Hg, respectively, for 2 hours. The rats of group IAP-0 were not insufflated. After deflation, plasma NO was measured, while protein expression levels and activity of eNOS, iNOS, arginase (Arg) I, and Arg II were analyzed with aorta and lung tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma nitrite concentration and eNOS expression were significantly suppressed in groups IAP-10 and IAP-20 compared to IAP-0. While expression of iNOS and Arg I were comparable between the three groups, Arg II expression was significantly greater in group IAP-20 than in group IAP-0. Activity of eNOS was significantly lower in groups IAP-10 and IAP-20 than in group IAP-0, while iNOS activity was significantly greater in group IAP-20 than in groups IAP-0 and IAP-10. Arginase activity was significantly greater in group IAP-20 than in groups IAP-0 and IAP-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activity of eNOS decreases during CO₂ pneumoperitoneum, while iNOS activity is significantly increased, a change that contributes to increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, arginase expression and activity is increased during CO₂ pneumoperitoneum, which seems to act inversely to the NO system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seokyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok Soo
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Seon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Severance Hospital, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yjoh@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D001119:Arginase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D001119:Arginase
keywords: Arginase; nitric oxide synthase; oxidative stress; pneumoperitoneum