title: Extraction of phenolic compounds from virgin olive oil by deep eutectic solvents (DESs).
abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are "green" solvents, applied in this study for the extraction of phenolic compounds from virgin olive oil (VOO). Different combinations of DES consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) in various mixing ratios with sugars, alcohols, organic acids, and urea, as well as a mixture of three sugars were used. The yields of the DES extractions were compared with those from conventional 80% (v/v) methanol/water. DES showed a good solubility of phenolic compounds with different polarities. The two most abundant secoiridoid derivatives in olive oil, oleacein and oleocanthal, extracted with ChCl/xylitol and ChCl/1,2-propanediol showed an increase of 20-33% and 67.9-68.3% with respect to conventional extraction, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time that phenolic compounds have been extracted from VOO oil using DES. Our results suggest that DES offers an efficient, safe, sustainable, and cost effective alternative to methanol for extraction of bioactive compounds from VOO.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Aránzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Juan
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville 41013, Spain.
authors.forename: José Julian
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Seville 41013, Spain. Electronic address: jfbg@cica.es.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández-Bolaños
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Deep eutectic solvents; Extraction; Oleacein; Oleocanthal; Phenolic compounds; Virgin olive oil