title: Ultra structural study of the rat cheek epithelium treated with Neem extract.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neem extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the ultrastructure of the rat oral epithelium, because neem extract has been added in the tooth paste as an anti-plaque-forming substance in Asian countries. The non-toxic dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of Neem extract (NBE) was applied daily to the surface of buccal epithelium for four weeks and controls did not receive Neem extract. After four weeks cheek epithelial tissues were excised and processed for light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy did not show significant differences between NBE-treated and control epithelium. Difference between control and treated rats weight was non-significant. Moreover, time period was also non-significant. Irregular cell surfaces were noticed when compared to control specimens when examined by scanning electron microscopy. Under transmission electron microscopy, wider intercellular spaces were observed in the treated epithelial spinous cellular layers when compared to control. Further, more keratohyalin granules were present in experimental granular cells. It was concluded that present study showed differences between Neem-treated and control in epithelial tissues but these structural differences may not be related to adverse side effects of the Neem extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Arshad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Azmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nasira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khatoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rizwana Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts