title: Integration of family planning with maternal health services: an opportunity to increase postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal health (MH) services provide an invaluable opportunity to inform and educate women about family planning (FP). It is expected that this would enable women to choose an appropriate method and initiate contraception early in the postpartum period. In this study we examined interactions with health providers for MH services, and the effect of FP information provision during these interactions on the postpartum use of modern contraceptive methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used midline data collected from 990 women who had delivered a live birth between January 2010 and the date of the midline survey in 2012. These women were asked a series of questions about their last delivery, including interactions with health providers during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period, if they received FP information during these interactions, and their contraceptive use during the postpartum period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study found that FP information provision as part of antenatal care in the third trimester, delivery and the postpartum period have a positive association with postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh. However, health providers often miss these opportunities. Despite a high proportion of women coming into contact with health providers when utilising MH services, only a small proportion received FP information during these interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integration of FP with MH services can increase postpartum modern contraceptive use. With the launch of the National Urban Health Mission, there now exists appropriate policy and programmatic environments for integration of FP and MH services in urban settings in India. However, this will require a concentrated effort both to enhance the capacity of health providers and encourage supportive supervision.
authors.affiliation: Senior Technical Specialist, International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Pranita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achyut
authors.affiliation: Senior Technical Specialist, International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Research Scientist, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montana
authors.affiliation: Technical Specialist, International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ranajit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: Research Associate, Carolina Population Centre, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Group Director, Social and Economic Development Group, International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016015:Logistic Models; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female
keywords: India; family planning service provision; maternal health services; postpartum contraceptive use; urban