title: Interprofessional education increases knowledge, promotes team building, and changes practice in the care of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine outcomes for the National Parkinson Foundation (NPF) Allied Team Training for Parkinson (ATTP), an interprofessional education (IPE) program in Parkinson's disease (PD) and team-based care for medicine, nursing, occupational, physical and music therapies, physician assistant, social work and speech-language pathology disciplines.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Healthcare professionals need education in evidence-based PD practices and working effectively in teams. Few evidence-based models of IPE in PD exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knowledge about PD, team-based care, the role of other disciplines and attitudes towards healthcare teams were measured before and after a protocol-driven training program. Knowledge, attitudes and practice changes were again measured at 6-month post-training. Trainee results were compared to results of controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six NPF-ATTP trainings were held across the U.S. (2003-2013). Compared to control participants (n = 100), trainees (n = 1468) showed statistically significant posttest improvement in all major outcomes, including self-perceived (p < 0.001) and objective knowledge (p < 0.001), Understanding Role of Other Disciplines (p < 0.001), Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams Scale (p < 0.001), and the Attitudes Toward Value of Teams (p < 0.001) subscale. Despite some decline, significant improvements were largely sustained at six-month post-training. Qualitative analyses confirmed post-training practice changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NPF-ATTP model IPE program showed sustained positive gains in knowledge of PD, team strategies and role of other disciplines, team attitudes, and important practice improvements. Further research should examine longer-term outcomes, objectively measure practice changes and mediators, and determine impact on patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation, Miami, FL, USA; Parkinson and Movement Disorders Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: elainevc14@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elaine V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation, Miami, FL, USA; Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagestuen
authors.affiliation: National Parkinson Foundation, Miami, FL, USA; Silver School of Social Work at New York University, New York, NY, USA; Parkinson and Movement Disorders Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hillel W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology and Deaf Studies, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bassich
authors.affiliation: Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Book
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Georgia Regents University (Emeritus), Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: Parkinson Center of Oregon, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Julie H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease Clinic and Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Minno
authors.affiliation: Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Movement and Neuroperformance Center of Colorado, Englewood, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giroux
authors.affiliation: Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Manny J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holten
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Statewide Area Health Education Center, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Denise D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kornegay
authors.affiliation: Simpson & Associates, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Institute for Music and Neurologic Function, CenterLight Health Systems, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Concetta M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tomaino
authors.affiliation: Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vandendolder
authors.affiliation: Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walde-Douglas
authors.affiliation: Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: Movement and Cognitive Disorders Center, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000193:education; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000193:education; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D059825:Physical Therapists / Q000193:education; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000193:education; D012947:Social Work / Q000193:education; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000193:education
keywords: Collaborative care in Parkinson's disease; Continuing education or continuing professional development; Healthcare teams; Interprofessional or interdisciplinary education