title: Comparison of Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activities in Different Strains of Tremella fuciformis Berk.
abstract: Tremella fuciformis Berk (TF) is a common edible and medicinal mushroom, and has long been used in food and in Chinese medicine. It possesses anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective abilities. Since their cultivation is a problem, TFs in Taiwan are primarily imported from China, which has a problem with pesticide residues. Thus, the question of whether the Taiwan cultivated TFs, T1, and T6 showed similar or even better results than TFs from China (CH) was assessed in the present study. The results of the physicochemical tests of these TFs showed that T1 extracted by hot water (T1H) has the highest concentration of polysaccharide; meanwhile, T6 extracted by cold water (T6C) showed the highest amount of protein. Regarding the immune modulatory effects of these TFs, hot water extracts of these TFs augmented significantly the inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] mRNA expression than those of cold water extracts. On the other hand, the cold water extracts of TFs, especially of T1C, obviously suppressed cancer cell survival better than those of hot water extracts. Interestingly, we found that hot water extracts of TFs may augment necrotic cell death, whereas, cold water extracts of TFs induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we also showed that these TFs activate caspase-3 cleavage, up regulate the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and decrease MMP-9 expressions in PC-3 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that T1 and T6 strains of TFs showed the similar immune modulatory and anticancer abilities were better than the CH strain of TFs.
authors.affiliation: * Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chien-Kuo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: ‡ Department of Marine Leisure and Tourism, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsin-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: † Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chien-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: †† Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: § Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.|¶ Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.|∥ Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.|** Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsinyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: † Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ding-Ding
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: † Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yu-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: † Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Tsai-Ni
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: † Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.|‡‡ Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yuan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D014867:Water; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D053148:Caspase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Anticancer Activity; Bcl-2; Caspase; Immunomodulation; Tremella fuciformis