title: BMI and Body Fat Mass Is Inversely Associated with Vitamin D Levels in Older Individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between obesity (measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) and fat percentage) and serum 25(OH)D levels in older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data from 'the B-PROOF study' (B-vitamins for the Prevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures).
  
  
  METHODS
  2842 participants aged 65 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI and fat percentage, measured by Dual Energy X-ray, and serum 25(OH)D levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 74 years (6.5 SD), with 50% women. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 55.8 nmol/L (25 SD). BMI and total body fat percentage were significant inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D levels after adjustment for confouders (β-0.93; 95% CI [-1.15; -0.71], p<0.001 and β-0.84; 95% CI [-1.04; -0.64], p<0.001). This association was most prominent in individuals with a BMI in the 'overweight' and 'obesity' range (β -1.25 and -0.96 respectively) and fat percentage in the last two upper quartiles (β-1.86 and -1.37 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, higher BMI and higher body fat percentage were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels in older persons. This association was particularly present in individuals with overweight, and higher fat percentages, suggesting that these persons are at increased risk of vitamin D insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Nathalie van der Velde, PhD, MD, Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, P.O. Box 2040; 3000 CA Rotterdam; the Netherlands, Phone: +31 10 70 35979 ; Fax: +31 10 70 34768; Email: n.vandervelde@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oliai Araghi
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brouwer-Brolsma
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Enneman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sohl
authors.forename: K M A
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: van der Zwaluw
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Wijngaarden
authors.forename: R A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dhonukshe-Rutten
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Schoor
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zillikens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Velde
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D