title: Clinical experience with adjunctive perampanel in adult patients with uncontrolled epilepsy: A UK and Ireland multicentre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To derive clinically useful information about the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive treatment with perampanel for refractory epilepsy in an outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pooled retrospective casenotes data of adult patients with refractory epilepsy prescribed perampanel from 18 hospitals throughout UK and Ireland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and ten patients were included (mean age 40.9 [SD=12.0], 50% women, 27.7% with learning disability). The mean duration of epilepsy was 26.7 years (range 2-67 years, SD=13.5) and 91.9% were taking two or more anti-epileptic drugs at the time of perampanel initiation. Mean retention was 6.9 months (range 1 day-22.3 months, SD=4.5). The retention was 86% at 3 months, 71% at 6 months, 47.6% at 12 months and 27% at 18 months. At final follow-up a >50% reduction in seizure frequency was reached in 57.5% of tonic-clonic seizures, 57.4% of complex partial seizures and 43.8% of simple partial seizures. Eleven patients (3.5%) became seizure free. Two hundred and nine patients (67.4%) experienced adverse effects and of these 67% withdrew treatment due to their effects. The most common were sedation, behaviour/mood disturbance, dizziness, and unsteadiness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perampanel appears a safe and effective antiepileptic drug when used as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled partial epilepsy (including those with learning disability), although few patients achieved complete seizure control. Long-term retention was slightly lower than reported rates for other anti-epileptic drugs, potentially due to the highly refractory population. Monitoring for adverse effects on energy levels, mood and behaviour is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: emily.shah@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goulding
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Dublin 9, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Dublin 9, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delanty
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles; D011728:Pyridones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009570:Nitriles; D011728:Pyridones; C551441:perampanel
keywords: Antiepileptic drug; Efficacy; Epilepsy; Perampanel; Responder rate; Tolerability