title: Determinants of Mammal and Bird Species Richness in China Based on Habitat Groups.
abstract: Understanding the spatial patterns in species richness is a central issue in macroecology and biogeography. Analyses that have traditionally focused on overall species richness limit the generality and depth of inference. Spatial patterns of species richness and the mechanisms that underpin them in China remain poorly documented. We created a database of the distribution of 580 mammal species and 849 resident bird species from 2376 counties in China and established spatial linear models to identify the determinants of species richness and test the roles of five hypotheses for overall mammals and resident birds and the 11 habitat groups among the two taxa. Our result showed that elevation variability was the most important determinant of species richness of overall mammal and bird species. It is indicated that the most prominent predictors of species richness varied among different habitat groups: elevation variability for forest and shrub mammals and birds, temperature annual range for grassland and desert mammals and wetland birds, net primary productivity for farmland mammals, maximum temperature of the warmest month for cave mammals, and precipitation of the driest quarter for grassland and desert birds. Noteworthily, main land cover type was also found to obviously influence mammal and bird species richness in forests, shrubs and wetlands under the disturbance of intensified human activities. Our findings revealed a substantial divergence in the species richness patterns among different habitat groups and highlighted the group-specific and disparate environmental associations that underpin them. As we demonstrate, a focus on overall species richness alone might lead to incomplete or misguided understanding of spatial patterns. Conservation priorities that consider a broad spectrum of habitat groups will be more successful in safeguarding the multiple services of biodiversity.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Haigen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Mingchang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Ecology Conservation, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100035, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
authors.forename: Juncheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.|Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001717:Birds; D002681:China; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D008322:Mammals; D013223:Statistics as Topic