title: Analysis of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in multiple myeloma for predicting prognosis.
abstract: Multiple myeloma is a type of malignancy, which affects the plasma cells of the bone marrow. Recent studies have found that malignant plasma cells may express urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), and that initiation of proteolytic events by this system contributes to the process of invasion and destruction of the bone marrow. Studies have also suggested that the level of the soluble form of uPAR (suPAR) may act as a marker for prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma, and that there is an association between uPAR/suPAR expression, and clinical characteristics, efficacy of treatment in disease control and patient survival. In order to investigate this, the present study used flow cytometry to detect the monoclonal antibodies associated with multiple myeloma, specifically, uPAR (CD87), CD56 and CD38. Patients with multiple myeloma were divided into the following groups: The effective groups (remission and stable disease) and the ineffective group (progressive disease). suPAR expression in the effective groups was 257.6±32.47 pg/ml and 331.0±99.80 pg/ml respectively, which was not significantly different from that of the normal control group (P>0.05). By contrast, the suPAR level in the invalid group was 562.2±291.0 pg/ml, which was significantly different from the levels in the normal control group (P<0.01) and the effective groups (P<0.05). suPAR levels were positively correlated with disease stage (P<0.01), renal function (P<0.05), C-reactive protein (P<0.005), β2-microglobulin (P<0.001), extramedullary involvement (P<0.001), chromosome 13 deletion (P<0.01) and survival >2 years (P<0.01). They were was negatively correlated with hemoglobin concentration. No correlation was observed between uPAR expression and suPAR levels. The present study also indicated that the stage of disease and suPAR expression were independent factors, which predicted survival of <2 years. In conclusion, high suPAR expression appears to predict disease progression, a shortened survival period and early extramedullary infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China ; Department of Hematology, Centre Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Centre Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Centre Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Centre Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guo-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hu
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rong-Feng
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jin
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yue-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: multiple myeloma; plasminogen; prognosis; soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor