title: Immediate Effects of 3% Diquafosol and 0.1% Hyaluronic Acid Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Break-Up Time in Normal Human Eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution on tear break-up time (TBUT) in normal human eyes, and to compare it with that of saline and 0.1% hyaluronate ophthalmic solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional comparative study in the first study, 10 healthy volunteers underwent topical application of 2 different ophthalmic solutions in each eye. Saline was randomly applied to one eye and 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution was added to the fellow eye. TBUT was measured and video recorded before application and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after. The TBUT in each eye was compared at each time point with regard to the 2 different ophthalmic solutions. In the second study, another 10 healthy volunteers were included. The same methods were used to compare the immediate effects of 0.1% hyaluronate and 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution application on TBUT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first study, topical instillation of saline did not increase TBUT. However, 3% diquafosol significantly increased TBUT for up to 15 min after application. At every time point, the TBUT increased more significantly from baseline in the diquafosol group than it did in the saline group. In the second study, 0.1% hyaluronate increased TBUT for up to 5 min after application, while 3% diquafosol increased TBUT for up to 15 min. Although the TBUT changes after 5 min were not significantly different between the 2 groups, the TBUT changes at 10, 15, and 20 min were significantly greater in the 3% diquafosol group than they were in the 0.1% hyaluronic acid group (+1.58 ± 0.82 vs. +0.53 ± 1.36 at 10 min, +0.67 ± 0.91 vs. -0.04 ± 1.29 at 15 min, and -0.06 ± 0.96 vs. -0.59 ± 0.90, diquafosol group vs. hyaluronic acid group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One drop of 3% diquafosol increased TBUT for up to 15 min after application. The immediate effect of 3% diquafosol on TBUT was greater than that of saline and even that of 1% hyaluronate ophthalmic solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Ki Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: So Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Youngsub
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Hyo Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Jong Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014500:Uracil Nucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011122:Polyphosphates; D014500:Uracil Nucleotides; C403315:diquafosol; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid