title: Interpretation of fundus autofluorescence changes in choriocapillaritis: a multi-modality imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to describe imaging findings in primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs) after a photobleaching process.
  
  
  METHODS
  2Images from six consecutive cases of patients affected by PICCPs (four with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and two with multifocal choroiditis) were reviewed. Patients underwent fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) by means of the Spectralis HRA (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). FAF images were acquired at the beginning of the examination in partially dark-adapted conditions followed by light adapted conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the active phase of the diseases, all patients showed areas of increased FAF that became isoautofluorescent after photobleaching. Simultaneously with increased FAF, the ICGA showed typical hypofluorescent dark areas that were more evident in the late phase. SD-OCT showed disruptions in the hyper-reflective band at the ellipsoid zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FAF and SD-OCT are complementary imaging techniques that show alterations in the outer retina of patients affected by PICCPs.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic Department of Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", Luigi Sacco Hospital University of Milan, via G.B. Grassi, 74 - 20157, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.affiliation: Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialised Care & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Herbort
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic Department of Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", Luigi Sacco Hospital University of Milan, via G.B. Grassi, 74 - 20157, Milan, Italy. giovanni.staurenghi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Staurenghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000080364:Multifocal Choroiditis; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fundus autofluorescence; Inflammatory choriocapillaropathies; Photobleaching; Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography