title: Antioxidants and bioactivities of free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolics from berry seed meals.
abstract: Phenolic compounds present in the free, soluble ester and insoluble-bound forms of blackberry, black raspberry and blueberry were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionisation multistage mass spectrometry. The total phenolics, scavenging activity against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, the reducing power and chelating capacity were, in general, in the decreasing order of blackberry>black raspberry>blueberry. Amongst fractions, the order was insoluble-bound>esterified>free. These trends were the same as those found against copper-induced LDL-cholesterol oxidation and supercoiled plasmid DNA strand breakage inhibition induced by both peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Extracts were found to contain various levels of phenolic compounds that were specific to each berry seed meal type. Berry seed meals should be considered as a good source of phenolics with potential health benefits. Their full exploitation may be helpful for the food industry and consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Costa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada. Electronic address: fshahidi@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Fereidoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahidi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004952:Esters; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004952:Esters; D005419:Flavonoids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Anthocyanins; By-products; Flavonoids; HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n); Phenolic acids