title: Blood-Borne Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) is Correlated with Premorbid Intelligence, Clinical Stage, and Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers.
abstract: Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are vital for disease detection in the clinical setting. Discovered in our laboratory, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for brain formation and linked to cognitive functions. Here, we revealed that blood borne expression of ADNP and its paralog ADNP2 is correlated with premorbid intelligence, AD pathology, and clinical stage. Age adjustment showed significant associations between: 1) higher premorbid intelligence and greater serum ADNP, and 2) greater cortical amyloid and lower ADNP and ADNP2 mRNAs. Significant increases in ADNP mRNA levels were observed in patients ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia. ADNP2 transcripts showed high correlation with ADNP transcripts, especially in AD dementia lymphocytes. ADNP plasma/serum and lymphocyte mRNA levels discriminated well between cognitively normal elderly, MCI, and AD dementia participants. Measuring ADNP blood-borne levels could bring us a step closer to effectively screening and tracking AD.
authors.affiliation: Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience & Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malishkevich
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gad A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Reisa A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aharon-Peretz
authors.affiliation: Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience & Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Illana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gozes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: C492178:ADNP protein, human; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP); Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-beta; blood-borne biomarkers; cognitively normal; mild cognitive impairment; premorbid intelligence