title: Bioreactors for Plant Embryogenesis and Beyond.
abstract: A variety of different bioreactors have been developed for use in initiating and cultivating somatic embryos. The various designs for embryogenesis and culture are critically evaluated here. Bioreactor optimization and operation methods are also described along with recommendations for use based on desired outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. weathers@wpi.edu.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weathers
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D005740:Gases; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics*; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D005740:Gases
keywords: Balloon-type bubble reactor; Mist reactor; RITA®; TIS; Temporary immersion system; Wave reactor