title: Advances of Molecular Imaging for Monitoring the Anatomical and Functional Architecture of the Olfactory System.
abstract: The olfactory system of organisms serves as a genetically and anatomically model for studying how sensory input can be translated into behavior output. Some neurologic diseases are considered to be related to olfactory disturbance, especially Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and so forth. However, it is still unclear how the olfactory system affects disease generation processes and olfaction delivery processes. Molecular imaging, a modern multidisciplinary technology, can provide valid tools for the early detection and characterization of diseases, evaluation of treatment, and study of biological processes in living subjects, since molecular imaging applies specific molecular probes as a novel approach to produce special data to study biological processes in cellular and subcellular levels. Recently, molecular imaging plays a key role in studying the activation of olfactory system, thus it could help to prevent or delay some diseases. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the research progress of the imaging probes for visualizing olfactory system, which is classified on different imaging modalities, including PET, MRI, and optical imaging. Additionally, the probes' design, sensing mechanism, and biological application are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook for future studies in this field.
authors.forename: Xintong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Anyao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, 100850, China.
authors.forename: Quansheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kunzhu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Molecular imaging; PET; molecular probe; olfactory bulb; olfactory system