title: Interaction between a Domain of the Negative Regulator of the Ras-ERK Pathway, SPRED1 Protein, and the GTPase-activating Protein-related Domain of Neurofibromin Is Implicated in Legius Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis Type 1.
abstract: Constitutional heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the SPRED1 gene cause a phenotype known as Legius syndrome, which consists of symptoms of multiple café-au-lait macules, axillary freckling, learning disabilities, and macrocephaly. Legius syndrome resembles a mild neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) phenotype. It has been demonstrated that SPRED1 functions as a negative regulator of the Ras-ERK pathway and interacts with neurofibromin, the NF1 gene product. However, the molecular details of this interaction and the effects of the mutations identified in Legius syndrome and NF1 on this interaction have not yet been investigated. In this study, using a yeast two-hybrid system and an immunoprecipitation assay in HEK293 cells, we found that the SPRED1 EVH1 domain interacts with the N-terminal 16 amino acids and the C-terminal 20 amino acids of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-related domain (GRD) of neurofibromin, which form two crossing α-helix coils outside the GAP domain. These regions have been shown to be dispensable for GAP activity and are not present in p120(GAP). Several mutations in these N- and C-terminal regions of the GRD in NF1 patients and pathogenic missense mutations in the EVH1 domain of SPRED1 in Legius syndrome reduced the binding affinity between the EVH1 domain and the GRD. EVH1 domain mutations with reduced binding to the GRD also disrupted the ERK suppression activity of SPRED1. These data clearly demonstrate that SPRED1 inhibits the Ras-ERK pathway by recruiting neurofibromin to Ras through the EVH1-GRD interaction, and this study also provides molecular basis for the pathogenic mutations of NF1 and Legius syndrome.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: the Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brems
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Rimpei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: the Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Biscay, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Llano-Rivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12W6, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Toyoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ose
authors.affiliation: the Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.
authors.forename: Ludwine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Messiaen
authors.affiliation: the Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Legius
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan, yoshimura@a6.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D026924:Amino Acid Transport System A; D019080:Cafe-au-Lait Spots / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009456:Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D025542:Neurofibromin 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D026924:Amino Acid Transport System A; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D025542:Neurofibromin 1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C445761:SLC38A1 protein, human; C504812:SPRED1 protein, human; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
keywords: GTPase-activating protein (GAP); Ras protein; human genetics; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); negative regulation; protein domain; signal transduction