title: Lack of negative effects of the biological control agent Duddingtonia flagrans on soil nematodes and other nematophagous fungi.
abstract: The possible environmental effects of the massive use of Duddingtonia flagrans for controlling sheep nematodes were evaluated in two regions. Non-supplemented faeces and faeces from sheep supplemented with D. flagrans were deposited three times on pasture plots and samples were collected 7 and 14 days post-deposition. Samples were cultured in agar-water (2%) with Panagrellus spp. to recover D. flagrans and other nematophagous fungi, and soil nematodes were extracted using Baermann funnels and counted. No significant differences in the populations of soil nematodes and fungi colonizing sheep faeces (P > 0.05) were observed between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, except in one sample. The topsoil in contact with the faeces was sampled 1-4 months post-deposition, revealing that, with one exception, D. flagrans did not persist in soil beyond 2 months post-deposition. Duddingtonia flagrans does not affect faecal colonization by other fungi and soil nematodes and, once deployed on pasture, does not survive for long periods in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva (SAMP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA),Paraje Arroyo Seco, B7001, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET,Tandil,Argentina.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Saumell
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva (SAMP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA),Paraje Arroyo Seco, B7001, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET,Tandil,Argentina.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) CPPSUL,C.P. 242, 96401-970 Bagé,Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Echevarria
authors.affiliation: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) CPPSUL,C.P. 242, 96401-970 Bagé,Brazil.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva (SAMP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA),Paraje Arroyo Seco, B7001, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET,Tandil,Argentina.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Área de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva (SAMP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA),Paraje Arroyo Seco, B7001, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET,Tandil,Argentina.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sagües
authors.affiliation: Área de Bioestadística y Epidemiología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva (SAMP), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA),Paraje Arroyo Seco, B7001, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET,Tandil,Argentina.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D059586:Duddingtonia / Q000254:growth & development*; D005658:Fungi; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D050296:Microbial Viability; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000382:microbiology*; D059208:Parasite Load; D012756:Sheep; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D012987:Soil