title: Stroop Color-Word Interference Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate normative data on the Stroop Test across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the Stroop Test, as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final multiple linear regression models explained 14-36% of the variance in Stroop Word scores, 12-41% of the variance in the Stoop Color, 14-36% of the variance in the Stroop Word-Color scores, and 4-15% of variance in Stroop Interference scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women on the Stroop test, none of the countries had an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America to create norms for the Stoop Test in a Spanish-Speaking sample. This study will therefore have important implications for the future of neuropsychology research and practice throughout the region.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.affiliation: Hunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Psicología Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.affiliation: Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, San Salvador, El Salvador.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.affiliation: CETYS Universidad, Mexicali, Mexico.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Saracho
authors.affiliation: Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Agudelo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Vocacional Enrique Díaz de León, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rábago
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Prevención Social, Asuncion, Paraguay.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García de la Cadena
authors.affiliation: Clínica de rehabilitación Las Araucarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longoni
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina de Rehabilitación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Fundación Horizontes, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ocampo-Barba
authors.affiliation: Servicio Médico Legal, Ministerio de Justicia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliaga
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galarza-Del-Angel
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Camaguey, Cuba.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neuropsicología y Demencias, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esenarro
authors.affiliation: IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.|Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003116:Color; D003119:Color Perception Tests; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007843:Latin America; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D057190:Stroop Test / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Latin America; Normative data; Stroop Color-Word Interference Test; executive function; reference values; selective attention