title: Clinical management of metastatic kidney cancer: the role of new molecular drugs.
abstract: Over the last few years, the most recent advances of the molecular mechanisms involved in renal cell carcinoma have led to the use of new drugs targeting VEGF, such as bevacizumab plus interferon, sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and axitinib, or the mTOR, such as temsirolimus and everolimus. The purpose of this review is to analyze the results of Phase III trial with these targeted agents, and on the management of the treatment and, in particular, when to start and to stop therapy and the use of alternative schedule of sunitinib. Recent developments in immunotherapy are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: UOSC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale 'Antonio Cardarelli', 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giuseppa
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: UOSC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale 'Antonio Cardarelli', 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cartenì
mesh_terms: D000077784:Axitinib; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007191:Indazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077210:Sunitinib; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007191:Indazoles; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; C401859:temsirolimus; C516667:pazopanib; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077784:Axitinib; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077210:Sunitinib; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: axitinib; everolimus; immunotherapy; metastatic; pazopanib; renal cancer; sorafenib; sunitinib; target therapy; treatment