title: Imaging Glycosylation In Vivo by Metabolic Labeling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification, present in over 50% of the proteins in the human genome, with important roles in cell-cell communication and migration. Interest in glycome profiling has increased with the realization that glycans can be used as biomarkers of many diseases, including cancer. We report here the first tomographic imaging of glycosylated tissues in live mice by using metabolic labeling and a gadolinium-based bioorthogonal MRI probe. Significant N-azidoacetylgalactosamine dependent T1  contrast was observed in vivo two hours after probe administration. Tumor, kidney, and liver showed significant contrast, and several other tissues, including the pancreas, spleen, heart, and intestines, showed a very high contrast (>10-fold). This approach has the potential to enable the rapid and non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging of glycosylated tissues in vivo in preclinical models of disease.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK. andre.neves@cruk.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: André A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2740-5166
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.|Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
authors.forename: Yéléna A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Wainman
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.|A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kettunen
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Tiago B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: De-En
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
authors.forename: Flaviu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bulat
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Imaging Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geninatti Crich
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stöckmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
authors.forename: Finian J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-5199
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Leeper
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-6287
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brindle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006031:Glycosylation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D015335:Molecular Probes; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: bioorthogonal chemistry; cancer; gadolinium; glycans; magnetic resonance imaging