title: Nanotechnology-based inhalation treatments for lung cancer: state of the art.
abstract: Considering the challenges associated with conventional chemotherapy, targeted and local delivery of chemotherapeutics via nanoparticle (NP) carriers to the lungs is an emerging area of interest. Recent studies and growing clinical application in cancer nanotechnology showed the huge potential of NPs as drug carriers in cancer therapy, including in lung carcinoma for diagnosis, imaging, and theranostics. Researchers have confirmed that nanotechnology-based inhalation chemotherapy is viable and more effective than conventional chemotherapy, with lesser side effects. Recently, many nanocarriers have been investigated, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric NPs, solid lipid NPs, and inorganic NPs for inhalation treatments of lung cancer. Yet, the toxicity of such nanomaterials to the lungs tissues and further distribution to other organs due to systemic absorption on inhalation delivery is a debatable concern. Here, prospect of NPs-based local lung cancer targeting through inhalation route as well as its associated challenges are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India ; Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire(CBM)-CNRS UPR4301, University of Orléans, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizwanullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Abhilashi College of Pharmacy, Mandi, HP, India.
authors.forename: Mahfoozur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Zaki
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Moshahid Alam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India ; Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Farhan Jalees
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
keywords: drug targeting; inhalational chemotherapy; lung cancer; nanoparticles; nanotoxicity