title: Influence of Temperature on Growth and Production of Pectenotoxin-2 by a Monoclonal Culture of Dinophysis caudata.
abstract: The effects of temperature on growth and production of Lipophilic Toxins (LT) by a monoclonal culture of Dinophysis caudata was studied. The cell density of D. caudata increased significantly with increasing temperature, and was the highest under 27, 30, and 32.5 °C. Temperature affected the average specific growth rate (µ) during the exponential growth phase (EG), which increased from 15 °C to 30 °C, and then decreased at 32.5 °C. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that this strain of D. caudata produced only pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) whose concentration increased significantly with incubation period, except at 32.5 °C. It was significantly different between temperatures ≤18 °C, ≥21 °C, and 32.5 °C. The cellular toxin production (CTP, pg·cell(-1)·day(-1)) showed variation with growth phase and temperature, except at 32.5 °C. The average net toxin production (Rtox) was not affected by temperature. During EG, the average specific toxin production rate (µtox) increased significantly with increase in temperature, reaching a peak of 0.66 ± 0.01 day(-1) at 30 °C, and then decreased. Over the entire growth span, µtox was significantly correlated to µ, and this correlation was most significant at 27 and 30 °C. During EG, µtox was affected by both temperature and growth. This study shows that temperature affects growth and toxin production of this strain of D. caudata during EG. In addition, a positive correlation was found between toxin production and growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan. lbasti1@kaiyodai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Basti
authors.affiliation: National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan. tsuzuki@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan. matsur@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.affiliation: National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan. rwatanabe@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan. tsuzuki@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries, 1551-4 Taira, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan. yamatogi011143@pref.nagasaki.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamatogi
authors.affiliation: National research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan. snagai@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism*; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018942:Macrolides; D011714:Pyrans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D018942:Macrolides; D011714:Pyrans; C098380:pectenotoxin 2; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
keywords: Dinophysis caudata; culture; growth; pectenotoxin-2; temperature