title: Glucocorticoids for Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis.
abstract: Diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) is based on typical clinical, histologic, and laboratory features. Ultrasonographic imaging in PMR with assessment especially of subdeltoid bursitis can aid in diagnosis and in following response to treatment. In GCA, diagnosis and disease activity are supported with ultrasonographic, MRI, or [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET evaluation of large vessels. Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for PMR and GCA. Methotrexate may be used in patients at high risk for glucocorticoid adverse effects and patients with frequent relapse or needing protracted therapy. Other therapeutic approaches including interleukin 6 antagonists are under evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55902, USA. Electronic address: Matteson.eric@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Matteson
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buttgereit
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria; Department of Immunology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, Graz 8036, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dejaco
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Southend University Hospital, Prittlewell Chase, Westcliff, Essex SS0-0RY, UK.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Giant cell arteritis; Glucocorticoids; Polymyalgia rheumatica; Treatment