title: Functional MR Imaging in Gynecologic Cancer.
abstract: Dynamic-contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging are invaluable in the detection, staging, and characterization of uterine and ovarian malignancies, for monitoring treatment response, and for identifying disease recurrence. When used as adjuncts to morphologic T2-weighted (T2-W) MR imaging, these techniques improve accuracy of disease detection and staging. DW-MR imaging is preferred because of its ease of implementation and lack of need for an extrinsic contrast agent. MR spectroscopy is difficult to implement in the clinical workflow and lacks both sensitivity and specificity. If used quantitatively in multicenter clinical trials, standardization of DCE- and DW-MR imaging techniques and rigorous quality assurance is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiotherapy & Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK. Electronic address: Nandita.Desouza@icr.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nandita M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: deSouza
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, DuCane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Radiology, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rockall
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000639:trends*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Characterization; Detection; Diffusion-weighted; Dynamic contrast-enhanced; Gynecologic cancer; Recurrence; Response; Staging