title: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treatments: A Mini Review.
abstract: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a retinal disorder that primarily affects young (20- to 50-year-old) white men, although it is seen occasionally in older patients and females. CSC is characterized by avascular focal leakage through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), resulting in serous detachment of the neurosensory retina. The course is usually self-limiting and in most cases resolves spontaneously within a 3-month period, with visual acuity usually recovering to 20/30 or better. However, chronic CSC may develop as a consequence of recurrences or persistent neurosensory detachment, and can result in progressive RPE atrophy and permanent visual loss. A primary involvement of the RPE and choroidal vascularization play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CSC and the current treatment options attempt to restore the functions of the RPE and the normal choroidal vasculature. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of the current therapeutical approaches to CSC, including observation, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy with verteporfin, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione G.B. Bietti per l'Oftalmologia, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia Parodi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falcomatà
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bandello
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001284:Atrophy; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A