title: Tenants with additional needs: when housing first does not solve homelessness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At Home/Chez-Soi was a 24 month randomized controlled trial of Housing First (HF) conducted in five Canadian cities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article attempts to identify the characteristics of participants who experienced housing instability one year after entering HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Those defined as experiencing housing instability were housed <50% of the last 9 months of the first year, excluding time in institutions, unless they were housed 100% of the past 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 13.5% of HF participants (n = 157/1162) met criteria for housing instability. Several variables were significant predictors of instability in between-group comparisons and multiple regression analyses: residence in Winnipeg, cumulative lifetime homelessness, percent of previous 3 months spent in jail, and community psychological integration; while residence in Moncton and a diagnosis of PTSD or panic disorder predicted stability. The predictive models were weak, identifying correctly only 3.8% of individuals that failed to achieve housing stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is not possible to predict confidently at baseline who will experience early housing instability in HF. There are certain individual characteristics that might be considered risk factors. Providing HF to all individuals who qualify for a HF program remains the most valid way to administer admission to housing.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology & Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada .
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology & Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada .
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goering
authors.affiliation: c Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada .
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.affiliation: d Department of Geography & Institute of Urban Studies , University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada .
authors.forename: Jino
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Distasio
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology & Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada .
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jette
authors.affiliation: e Centre de Recherche et de Développement, Université de Moncton, Moncton , New Brunswick , Canada .
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nolin
authors.affiliation: f Department of Psychiatry & Centre for Research on Inner City Health , St.-Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada .
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stergiopoulos
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychiatry , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada .|g Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , and.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Streiner
authors.affiliation: h Pathways to Housing Inc. , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsemberis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019982:Organizational Case Studies
keywords: Housing First; homelessness; housing instability