title: Antioxidant Formulae, Shengmai San, and LingGuiZhuGanTang, Prevent MPTP Induced Brain Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Mice.
abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of antioxidative traditional oriental medicine formulae, Shengmai San (SMS) and LingGuiZhuGanTang (LGZGT), against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (i.p 30 mg·kg(-1) for 5 consecutive days) induced neurotoxicity. In in vitro antioxidant assays measured with Trolox and butyl hydroxyl toluene as reference antioxidant revealed that SMS has higher scavenging potential against hydroxyl radical than superoxide anion radical, but LGZGT was the reverse. The neuroprotective effect of SMS and LGZGT against MPTP was evaluated in mice by behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. In the behavioral study, both SMS and LGZGT significantly reversed the locomotive impairment induced by MPTP. Simultaneously, both formulae significantly prevented the MPTP induced dopaminergic neuron loss assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase in the midbrain. Both SMS and LGZGT significantly attenuated the elevated lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls levels by MPTP. The DNA damage induced by MPTP was also prevented by both formulae. Although a little difference in the protective functions was observed between the two formulae, such as in DNA damage and behavioral studies, the results indicate that both SMS and LGZGT with antioxidant property act as a good candidate applicable for the antioxidant based complementary therapies of neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu 638 183, India ; Niigata University of Pharmacy & Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Vijayasree Vayalanellore
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Giridharan
authors.affiliation: Niigata University of Pharmacy & Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rajarajan Amirthalingam
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Thandavarayan
authors.affiliation: Niigata University of Pharmacy & Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan ; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Bosuo Road No. 1035, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi