title: Developing Sound Exposure Criteria for Fishes.
abstract: In assessing the impact of aquatic developments, it is important to evaluate whether accompanying underwater sounds might have adverse effects on fishes. Risk assessment can then be used to evaluate new and existing technologies for effective prevention, control, or mitigation of impacts. It is necessary to know the levels of sound that may cause potential harm to different species from different sources as well as those levels that are likely to be of no consequence. The development and use of impact criteria are still at an early stage for fishes.
authors.affiliation: Loughine Ltd., Kincraig, Blairs, Aberdeen, AB12 5YT, UK. a.hawkins@btconnect.com.
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. apopper@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Arthur N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Popper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013016:Sound
keywords: Behavior; Impact; Injury; Pile driving; Sound