title: The relationship between arterial stiffness and the lifestyle habits of female athletes after retiring from competitive sports: a prospective study.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship between changes in arterial stiffness and the lifestyle habits of endurance athletes after retiring from competition. The subjects were 10 female university endurance athletes. We used formPWV/ABI®as an index for arterial stiffness and measured brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV) directly before subjects retired (0Y) and at 2 years after retirement (2Y). Furthermore, to investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and lifestyle habits 2 years later, Lifecorder®PLUS was used to measure physical activity levels, hours of sleep were surveyed using a questionnaire, and a food intake survey was conducted using Excel Eiyoukun Food Frequency Questionnaire Based on Food Group, FFQg Ver. 3.5. We found that baPWV increased significantly from 0Y to 2Y (P<0·05). Furthermore, negative correlations were observed between 2Y baPWV and step count as the physical activity index (r = -0·653, P<0·05) and moderate physical activity (r = -0·663, P<0·05). With regard to lifestyle habits that affected the amount of increase in baPWV from 0Y to 2Y (ΔbaPWV), negative correlations were noted between the step count (r = -0·690, P<0·05) and total physical activity (r = -0·657, P<0·05). However, no significant correlations were observed between 2Y baPWV and ΔbaPWV with food intake or hours of sleep. The results of this study suggested that physical activity was a lifestyle habit that inhibited an increase in arterial stiffness after retirement from competition and that having a high step count or engaging in physical activity for long periods of time in particular was useful in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Estuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Sennan-Gun, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000295:instrumentation; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D056352:Athletes; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D000072936:Fitness Trackers; D006184:Habits; D000070497:Healthy Lifestyle; D006688:Hockey; D006801:Humans; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012179:Retirement; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: detraining; lifecorder; physical activity; pulse wave velocity; step count