title: Vestibular migraine: clinical and epidemiological aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most often common diagnoses in neurotology, but only recently has been recognized as a disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with VM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study, with analysis of patients' records from an outpatient VM clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  94.1% of patients were females and 5.9% were males. The mean age was 46.1 years; 65.6% of patients had had headache for a longer period than dizziness. A correlation was detected between VM symptoms and the menstrual period. 61.53% of patients had auditory symptoms, with tinnitus the most common, although tonal audiometry was normal in 68.51%. Vectoelectronystagmography was normal in 67.34%, 10.20% had hyporeflexia, and 22.44% had vestibular hyperreflexia. Electrophysiological assessment showed no abnormalities in most patients. Fasting plasma glucose and glycemic curve were normal in most patients, while the insulin curve was abnormal in 75%. 82% of individuals with MV showed abnormalities on the metabolism of carbohydrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VM affects predominantly middle-aged women, with migraine headache representing the first symptom, several years before vertigo. Physical, auditory, and vestibular evaluations are usually normal. The most frequent vestibular abnormality was hyperreflexia. Most individuals showed abnormality related to carbohydrate metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ligia_og@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ligia Oliveira Gonçalves
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Cavalcante
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Salmito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Antoniolli
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Cavalcanti
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Caminha
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (ABORL-CCF), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Freitas
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Ganança
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dizziness; Migraine disorders; Migrânea vestibular; Tontura; Transtornos de enxaqueca; Vertigem; Vertigo; Vestibular migraine