title: Administration of Poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) and Avian Beta Defensin as Adjuvants in Inactivated Inclusion Body Hepatitis Virus and its Hexon Protein-Based Experimental Vaccine Formulations in Chickens.
abstract: Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is one of the major infectious diseases adversely affecting the poultry industry of the United States and Canada. Currently, no effective and safe vaccine is available for the control of IBH virus (IBHV) infection in chickens. However, based on the excellent safety and immunogenic profiles of experimental veterinary vaccines developed with the use of new generation adjuvants, we hypothesized that characterization of vaccine formulations containing inactivated IBHV or its capsid protein hexon as antigens, along with poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) and avian beta defensin 2 (ABD2) as vaccine adjuvants, will be helpful in development of an effective and safe vaccine formulation for IBH. Our data demonstrated that experimental administration of vaccine formulations containing inactivated IBHV and a mixture of PCEP with or without ABD2 as an adjuvant induced significantly higher antibody responses compared with other vaccine formulations, while hexon protein-based vaccine formulations showed relatively lower levels of antibody responses. Thus, a vaccine formulation containing inactivated IBHV with PCEP or a mixture of PCEP and ABD2 (with a reduced dosage of PCEP) as an adjuvant may serve as a potential vaccine candidate. However, in order to overcome the risks associated with whole virus inactivated vaccines, characterization of additional viral capsid proteins, including fiber protein and penton of IBHV along with hexon protein in combination with more new generation adjuvants, will be helpful in further improvements of vaccines against IBHV infection.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan SK, Canada S7N 5E3.
authors.forename: Arshud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.forename: Masroor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tipu
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tikoo
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D062705:Adenovirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D025681:Fowl adenovirus A / Q000276:immunology*; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D062705:Adenovirus Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011108:Polymers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines; D023083:beta-Defensins; C508285:poly(bis(carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene)
keywords: adjuvant; avian beta defensin; chicken; hexon protein; inclusion body hepatitis; polyphosphazene; vaccine