title: Phosphatidylinositol Derivatives Induce Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Accumulating AIF and AMID in the Nucleus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the apoptosis of MKN28 human gastric cancer cells induced by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) derivative 1,2-O-bis-[8-{2-(2-pentyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl}-octanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl-D-1-inositol (diDCP-LA-D-PI) and its enantiomer diDCP-LA-L-PI.
  
  
  METHODS
  3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, enzymatic caspase assay, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blotting were carried-out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both diDCP-LA-D-PI and diDCP-LA-L-PI induced caspase-independent apoptosis of MKN28 cells, with the potential for diDCP-LA-L-PI being much greater than that of diDCP-LA-D-PI. diDCP-LA-D-PI and diDCP-LA-L-PI accumulated apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and AIF-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death (AMID) in the nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  diDCP-LA-D-PI and diDCP-LA-L-PI induce caspase-independent apoptosis of MKN28 cells by accumulating AIF and AMID in the nucleus, with different potentials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Advanced Medicinal Research Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Advanced Medicinal Research Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan tomoyuki@hyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C462504:ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, human; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols
keywords: AIF; AMID; Phosphatidylinositol derivative; caspase-independent apoptosis; enantiomer