title: Intrahepatic Persistent Right Umbilical Vein and Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
abstract: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the current data surrounding an intrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein in the fetus, including associated anomalies and outcomes, and to assist practitioners in counseling and management of affected pregnancies. We performed a MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Northern Light database search for articles reporting outcomes on prenatally diagnosed cases of a persistent right umbilical vein. Each article was independently reviewed for eligibility by the investigators. Thereafter, the data were extracted and validated independently by 3 investigators. A total of 322 articles were retrieved, and 16 were included in this systematic review. The overall prevalence of an intrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein was found to be 212 per 166,548 (0.13%). Of the 240 cases of an intrahepatic persistent right umbilical vein identified, 183 (76.3%) were isolated. The remaining cases had a coexisting abnormality, including 19 (7.9%) cardiac, 9 (3.8%) central nervous system, 15 (6.3%) genitourinary, 3 (1.3%) genetic, and 17 (7%) placental/cord (predominantly a single umbilical artery). In summary, a persistent right umbilical vein is commonly an isolated finding but may be associated with a coexisting cardiac defect in 8% of cases. Therefore, consideration should be given to fetal echocardiography in cases of a persistent right umbilical vein.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas USA (B.L.); St David's North Austin Medical Center Women's Center of Texas, Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas USA (W.L., R.H., S.H.); and Texas A&M University, Medical Sciences Library, College Station, Texas USA (M.J.F.).
authors.forename: Brianna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lide
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas USA (B.L.); St David's North Austin Medical Center Women's Center of Texas, Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas USA (W.L., R.H., S.H.); and Texas A&M University, Medical Sciences Library, College Station, Texas USA (M.J.F.).
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lindsley
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas USA (B.L.); St David's North Austin Medical Center Women's Center of Texas, Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas USA (W.L., R.H., S.H.); and Texas A&M University, Medical Sciences Library, College Station, Texas USA (M.J.F.).
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas USA (B.L.); St David's North Austin Medical Center Women's Center of Texas, Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas USA (W.L., R.H., S.H.); and Texas A&M University, Medical Sciences Library, College Station, Texas USA (M.J.F.).
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas USA (B.L.); St David's North Austin Medical Center Women's Center of Texas, Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, Texas USA (W.L., R.H., S.H.); and Texas A&M University, Medical Sciences Library, College Station, Texas USA (M.J.F.). sinahaeri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haeri
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: ductus venosus; obstetric ultrasound; persistent right umbilical vein; portal vein