title: Short communication: Effect of on-farm feeding practices on rumen protected lysine products.
abstract: Two independent studies were conducted to determine whether mechanical mixing of total mixed ration (TMR) or TMR dry matter alters Lys release from 6 rumen-protected Lys (RPL) products (A, B, C, D, E, and F). In the first study, routine mixing procedures were simulated to determine if inclusion of RPL products in TMR altered in situ release of Lys. Following mixing, Dacron bags containing RPL products were ruminally incubated for 0, 6, 12, or 24 h to determine Lys release. The second study occurred independently of the first, in which Lys release from RPL products was evaluated when incorporated into a TMR that differed in dry matter (DM) content. Bags containing TMR and RPL product mixture were stored at room temperature for 0, 6, 18, and 24 h to simulate RPL product exposure to TMR when mixed and delivered once per day. Concentration of free Lys in both studies was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Following mechanical mixing, ruminal Lys release was significantly greater for C and tended to increase for F. Mechanical mixing did not alter ruminal Lys release from other RPL products evaluated. Hours of ruminal incubation significantly altered Lys release for all products evaluated, and a significant interaction of mechanical mixing and hours of ruminal incubation was observed for A and C. Exposure to lower TMR DM (40.5 versus 51.8%) significantly increased Lys release from B but did not alter Lys release from the other RPL products evaluated. Moreover, time of exposure to TMR significantly increased Lys release from all RPL products evaluated, and a significant interaction of TMR DM and time of exposure to TMR was observed for B and E. These data suggest mechanical mixing and variation in TMR DM may compromise the rumen protection of RPL products; therefore, on-farm feeding practices may alter efficacy of RPL products in dairy rations.
authors.affiliation: William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kanagawa, Japan, 210-8681.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921. Electronic address: ballard@whminer.com.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ballard
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008239:Lysine
keywords: mechanical mixing; rumen-protected lysine; total mixed ration dry matter