title: Nanoscale zerovalent iron-mediated degradation of DDT in soil.
abstract: Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI)-mediated degradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) was investigated in a spiked soil under different conditions (iron sources, iron dosage, soil moisture, temperature, and soil types) and DDT-contaminated field. The degradation efficiency of p,p'-DDT by nZVI and nZVI coated with sodium oleate (SO-nZVI) was much higher than that by nZVI coated with polyimide (PI-nZVI). The rapid degradation of p,p'-DDT by nZVI only occurred in flooded soil. The degradation half-life of p,p'-DDT decreased significantly from 58.3 to 27.6 h with nZVI dosage from 0.5 to 2.0% and from 46.5 to 32.0 h with temperature from 15 to 35 °C. The degradation efficiency of p,p'-DDT by nZVI differed in Jinhua (JH), Jiaxing (JX), Xiaoshan (XS), Huajiachi (HJC), and Heilongjiang (HLJ) soils. A good correlation was found between the degradation half-life of p,p'-DDT and multiple soil properties. The probable nZVI-mediated degradation pathway of p,p'-DDT in soil was proposed as DDT → DDD/DDE → DDNS → DDOH based on the metabolites identified by GC-MS. The in situ degradation efficiency of residual DDTs in a contaminated field was profoundly enhanced by the addition of nZVI as compared to the control. It is concluded that nZVI might be an efficient agent for the remediation of DDT-contaminated soil under anaerobic environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yuling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China. agri@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China. ylyu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D003634:DDT / Q000737:chemistry*; D006207:Half-Life; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003634:DDT; D007501:Iron
keywords: DDT; Dechlorination; Degradation; Nanoscale zerovalent iron; Soil