title: Retrocaval Ureter in Children: A Report of Eight Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to report on our last nine years' experience in the diagnosis and treatment of retrocaval ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with retrocaval ureter were reviewed. Intravenous urography and retrograde pyelography were used for confirming the diagnosis. All of the patients had undergone surgery, one case being done laparoscopically. The mean age of the patients was 9.2 years (range 2 to 13 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients were boys and three were girls. The clinical manifestations were right flank pain in three (37.5%), gross haematuria in one (12.5%) and urinary tract infection in one (12.5%). Three asymptomatic patients were diagnosed by routine physical examination. All of the patients had Type 2 and right-sided retrocaval ureter. Associated anomalies were seen in none of the patients. Retrocaval ureter is a rare anomaly in the paediatric age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy is a promising method to repair the retrocaval ureter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Afﬁliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Gu Huai Road, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Afﬁliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Gu Huai Road, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China. taolindoc@163.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin