title: Rhinoplasty in the African American Patient: Anatomic Considerations and Technical Pearls.
abstract: There are several anatomic considerations as well as variations in patients of African heritage. The goal of improvement in aesthetics and functionality must be in balance with racial preservation. Preoperative counseling must discuss patient expectations and surgical limitations based on patients' skin and cartilage. Dorsal augmentation, increased tip projection, and rotation are often needed. Understanding the thick, sebaceous skin often seen in African Americans assists in postoperative management of swelling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: drpeng@spaldingplasticsurgery.com.
authors.forename: Grace Lee
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nassif
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*
keywords: African American rhinoplasty; African rhinoplasty; Augmentation rhinoplasty; Ethnic rhinoplasty