title: A multicenter, phase II study of the RAF-kinase inhibitor sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has advanced significantly over the last two decades. This multicenter study was designed with the primary objective to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib as first-line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic RCC in the Middle East, who were considered to be ineligible for other approved first-line therapies. A total of 75 eligible patients from 8 centers in the Middle East were included in this study. The patients comprised 48 men and 27 women, with a median age of 52 years (range, 19-78 years). A total of 50 patients had clear cell carcinoma, 17 had papillary carcinoma and 8 had other pathological subtypes. At enrollment, 55 of the 75 patients had undergone previous nephrectomy. A total of 67 patients presented with metastatic disease, while 8 patients had regional residual lesions or local recurrence. The patients were treated with 400 mg oral sorafenib twice daily on a continuous basis as a single agent. Treatment was discontinued upon disease progression, prohibitive toxicity, surgical complications, loss to follow-up, or refusal to continue therapy. The median treatment duration was 21 weeks (range, 1-137 weeks). Sorafenib was tolerated by the majority of the patients. Grade 3/4 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 17 patients; diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes and fatigue were observed in 3 patients each; and grade 3/4 vomiting, hypertension and anemia, in 1 patient each. Of the 75 patients included in this study, 60 were evaluable for response. One patient achieved a complete response for 91 weeks and 6 patients exhibited a partial response (median duration of 23 weeks) with an overall response rate of 11.7%. Disease stabilization occurred in 37 patients (61.7%). Thus, disease control was achieved in 44 of the 60 patientrs (73%). At a median follow-up period of 53.5 weeks (range, 8.5-192 weeks), an intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated a median time-to-disease progression of 25.7 weeks, with a median overall survival of 54.8 weeks. In conclusion, sorafenib was found to be tolerable and effective as first-line therapy in patients with advanced RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hamdy Abdel
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Azim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barsoum
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chahine
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamseddine
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Maadi Military Hospital, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gamal Abdel
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Metaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 11564, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jazeih
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haggag
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badran
keywords: phase II study; renal cell carcinoma; sorafenib