title: Monoclonal antibodies specific to heat-treated porcine blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porcine blood is potentially being utilized in food as a binder, gelling agent, emulsifier or colorant. However, for certain communities, the usage of animal blood in food is strictly prohibited owing to religious concerns and health reasons. This study reports the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against heat-treated soluble proteins (HSPs) of autoclaved porcine blood; characterization of MAbs against blood, non-blood and plasma from different animal species using qualitative indirect non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and immunoblotting of antigenic components in HSPs of porcine blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen MAbs are specific to heat-treated and raw porcine blood and not cross-reacted with other animal blood and non-blood proteins (meat and non-meat). Twelve MAbs are specific to porcine plasma, while three MAbs specific to porcine plasma are cross-reacted with chicken plasma. Immunoblotting revealed antigenic protein bands (∼60, ∼85-100 and ∼250 kDa) in porcine blood and plasma recognized by the MAbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selection of MAbs that recognized 60 kDa HSPs of porcine blood and plasma as novel monoclonal antibodies would be useful for detection of porcine plasma in processed food using the immunoassay method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.|Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Raja Mohd Hafidz
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Raja Nhari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.|Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhajir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurmunirah Mohamad
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rasli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.|Minufiya University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, 32511 Shibin El Kom, Minufiya Government, Egypt.
authors.forename: Aly Farag
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: El Sheikha
authors.affiliation: Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.|Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shuhaimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006825:Hybridomas / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001798:Blood Proteins
keywords: heat-treated soluble blood proteins; immunoassay; monoclonal antibody; porcine blood