title: De-facto marine protection from a Navy bombing range: Farallon De Medinilla, Mariana Archipelago, 1997 to 2012.
abstract: Fourteen surveys were conducted at Farallon De Medinilla (a U.S. Department of Defense bombing range in the Mariana Archipelago) between 1997 and 2012; annual surveys were conducted from 1999 through 2012. There was no evidence that the condition of the biological resources assessed had changed, or been adversely impacted to a significant degree by the training activities being conducted there. Restricted access has resulted in a de-facto preserve effect and outweighs minor negative impacts from training. The health, abundance and biomass of fishes, corals and other marine resources are comparable to or superior to those in similar habitats at other locations within the Mariana Archipelago. Our research suggests that the greatest threat to FDM's marine resources is from fishermen, not military training activities.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Navy-Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific Energy and Environmental Sciences Group, USA. Electronic address: Stephen.h.smith@navy.mil.
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: U.S. Navy-Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific Energy and Environmental Sciences Group, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa; D018533:Biomass; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005398:Fisheries; D005399:Fishes; D008849:Micronesia; D058749:Military Facilities
keywords: Corals; De-facto; Fishes; Marianas; Ordnance; Preserve