title: Wireless wearable range-of-motion sensor system for upper and lower extremity joints: a validation study.
abstract: Range-of-motion (ROM) assessment is a critical assessment tool during the rehabilitation process. The conventional approach uses the goniometer which remains the most reliable instrument but it is usually time-consuming and subject to both intra- and inter-therapist measurement errors. An automated wireless wearable sensor system for the measurement of ROM has previously been developed by the current authors. Presented is the correlation and accuracy of the automated wireless wearable sensor system against a goniometer in measuring ROM in the major joints of upper (UEs) and lower extremities (LEs) in 19 healthy subjects and 20 newly disabled inpatients through intra (same) subject comparison of ROM assessments between the sensor system against goniometer measurements by physical therapists. In healthy subjects, ROM measurements using the new sensor system were highly correlated with goniometry, with 95% of differences < 20° and 10° for most movements in major joints of UE and LE, respectively. Among inpatients undergoing rehabilitation, ROM measurements using the new sensor system were also highly correlated with goniometry, with 95% of the differences being < 20° and 25° for most movements in the major joints of UE and LE, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Yogaprakash
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Shih-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Wangwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Ziyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Jingze
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.affiliation: Singapore Institute of Technology , 10 Dover Drive , Singapore 138683 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tian-Ma Xu
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health , National University of Singapore, National University Health System , 12 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117549 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health , National University of Singapore, National University Health System , 12 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117549 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Singapore General Hospital , Outram Road , Singapore 169608 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Yee-Sien
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , National University Hospital , 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road , Singapore 119074 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Effie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health , National University of Singapore, National University Health System , 12 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117549 , Singapore.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koh
keywords: biomechanics; biomedical equipment; goniometer measurements; goniometers; lower extremity joints; motion measurement; patient rehabilitation; range-of-motion assessment; rehabilitation process; upper extremity joints; wireless sensor networks; wireless wearable range-of-motion sensor system