title: The fate of fusion Cry1Ab/1Ac proteins from Bt-transgenic rice in soil and water.
abstract: Toxin proteins form transgenic crops entering into the environment are likely affect non-target organisms. To investigate the entry route and fate of fusion Cry1Ab/1Ac proteins from transgenic rice expressing insecticide toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in soil and water, we conducted greenhouse and field experiments in 2013 and 2014. Cry1Ab/1Ac proteins from Bt-transgenic rice in soil was found within a horizontal range of 25cm, where most of plant roots distributed. Concentration of Cry1Ab/1Ac proteins was lower in water than in soil in the greenhouse experiment, and no Cry1Ab/1Ac protein was detected in field water. Cry1Ab/1Ac concentration from rice straws was higher in ditch water than in distilled water due to the existence of aquatic organisms in ditch water. Bt proteins from transgenic crops enter into soil ecosystems mainly through root exudates and into aquatic ecosystems through plant residues, which determines Bt fate in the environment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: liu.yongbo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yongbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Junsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Zunlan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: The Scientific Academy of Yellow River Water Resource protection, Zhengzhou 450004, China.
authors.forename: Huaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D017753:Ecosystem; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004777:Environment; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides; D012275:Oryza; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D014873:Water Pollutants; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Bt concentration; Diffuse distance; Fusion Cry1Ab/1Ac proteins; Soil ecosystems; Transgenic rice