title: Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Facial Paralysis.
abstract: This article reviews the current literature supporting the use of botulinum toxin in producing symmetric facial features and reducing unwanted, involuntary movements. Methods, protocols, and adverse events are discussed. Additionally, the authors suggest that using botulinum toxin A therapy in postparalytic facial synkinesis can provide long-term results when used in conjunction with other treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue - NBV 5E5, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Omid B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Mehdizadeh
authors.affiliation: Facial Nerve Clinic, UW Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diels
authors.affiliation: NYU Ambulatory Care Center, 240 E 38th Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: William.white@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: William Matthew
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Asymmetry; Botulinum toxin; Facial paralysis; Synkinesis