title: Increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders: population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence rates and risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss among patients with depressive disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 27 547 patients with newly diagnosed depressive disorders and 27 547 subjects without depressive disorders between 2001 and 2008 were yielded from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence at the end of 2011 was determined. Cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard ratio were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence was 1.45 times higher in the depressive disorders group compared to the non-depressive disorders group (p = 0.0041), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.460. A significant increased risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss was noted in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest an increased risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders. Co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia significantly aggravated the risk. Depressive disorders might be considered a risk factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. It remains to be seen whether control of depressive disorders can decrease the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with depressive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,Chi-Mei Medical Center,Tainan,Taiwan,Republic of China.
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,Chi-Mei Medical Center,Tainan,Taiwan,Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology,Chi-Mei Medical Center,Tainan,Taiwan,Republic of China.
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research,Chi-Mei Medical Center,Tainan,Taiwan,Republic of China.
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,University of California,Berkeley,USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics,National Chiao Tung University,Tainan,Taiwan,Republic of China.
authors.forename: B-S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003639:Hearing Loss, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depressive Disorder; Hearing Loss; Sudden