title: Combination of α-Tomatine and Curcumin Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells.
abstract: α-Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid found in tomatoes and curcumin is a major yellow pigment of turmeric. In the present study, the combined effect of these two compounds on prostate cancer cells was studied. Treatment of different prostate cancer cells with curcumin or α-tomatine alone resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Combinations of α-tomatine and curcumin synergistically inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Effects of the α-tomatine and curcumin combination were associated with synergistic inhibition of NF-κB activity and a potent decrease in the expression of its downstream gene Bcl-2 in the cells. Moreover, strong decreases in the levels of phospho-Akt and phosphor-ERK1/2 were found in PC-3 cells treated with α-tomatine and curcumin in combination. In animal experiment, SCID mice with PC-3 xenograft tumors were treated with α-tomatine and curcumin. Combination of α-tomatine and curcumin more potently inhibited the growth of PC-3 tumors than either agent alone. Results from the present study indicate that α-tomatine in combination with curcumin may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huarong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiPaola
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.affiliation: Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014053:Tomatine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C484751:alpha-tomatine; D014053:Tomatine; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D003474:Curcumin