title: Prevalence & factors associated with chronic obstetric morbidities in Nashik district, Maharashtra.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In India, community based data on chronic obstetric morbidities (COM) are scanty and largely derived from hospital records. The main aim of the study was to assess the community based prevalence and the factors associated with the defined COM--obstetric fistula, genital prolapse, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and secondary infertility among women in Nashik district of Maharashtra State, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was cross-sectional with self-reports followed by clinical and gynaecological examination. Six primary health centre areas in Nashik district were selected by systematic random sampling. Six months were spent on rapport development with the community following which household interviews were conducted among 1560 women and they were mobilized to attend health facility for clinical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1560 women interviewed at household level, 1167 women volunteered to undergo clinical examination giving a response rate of 75 per cent. The prevalence of defined COM among 1167 women was genital prolapse (7.1%), chronic PID (2.5%), secondary infertility (1.7%) and fistula (0.08%). Advancing age, illiteracy, high parity, conduction of deliveries by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and obesity were significantly associated with the occurrence of genital prolapse. History of at least one abortion was significantly associated with secondary infertility. Chronic PID had no significant association with any of the socio-demographic or obstetric factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings provided an insight in the magnitude of community-based prevalence of COM and the factors associated with it. The results showed that COM were prevalent among women which could be addressed by interventions at personal, social and health services delivery level.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Operational Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ragini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors