title: Phenotypic variations in osmotic lysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic glucose media.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erythrocyte osmotic lysis in deionised glucose media is regulated by glucose influx, cation efflux, and changes in cell volume after water diffusion. Transmembrane fluxes may be affected by varied expression of glucose transporter protein and susceptibility of membrane proteins to glucose-induced glycosylation and oxidation in various physiologic states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variations in haemolysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes after incubation in hyposmotic non-ionic glucose media, associated with sex, age, late pregnancy, and lactation, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The osmotic fragility curve in glucose media was sigmoidal with erythrocytes from goats in late pregnancy (PRE) or lactation (LAC) or from kid (KGT) or middle-aged (MGT) goats. Non-sigmoidal phenotype occurred in yearlings (YGT) and old (OGT) goats. The composite fragility phenotype for males and non-pregnant dry (NPD) females was non-sigmoidal. Erythrocytes with non-sigmoidal curves were more stable than those with sigmoidal curves because of inflectional shift of the curve to the left. Erythrocytes tended to be more fragile with male than female sex, KGT and MGT than YGT and OGT, and LAC and PRE than NPD. Thus, sex, age, pregnancy, and lactation affected the haemolytic pattern of goat erythrocytes in glucose media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiologic state of the goat affected the in vitro interaction of glucose with erythrocytes, causing variations in osmotic stability with variants of fragility phenotype. Variations in the effect of high extracellular glucose concentrations on the functions of membrane-associated glucose transporter, aquaporins, and the cation cotransporter were presumed to be relevant in regulating the physical properties of goat erythrocytes under osmotic stress.
authors.forename: Nanacha Afifi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-6113
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Igbokwe
authors.forename: Ikechukwu Onyebuchi
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Igbokwe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism; D006041:Goats; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009995:Osmosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009996:Osmotic Fragility / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D020346:Aquaporins; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D005947:Glucose