title: A case of chemical scalp burns after hair highlights: experimental evidence of oxidative injuries.
abstract: Hair highlights are quite common procedures carried out in hair salons by using a mixture of a lightening powder containing persulfates with a suspension containing hydrogen peroxide: a representative case of chemical scalp burns is described as a consequence of this treatment. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the strict relationship between the scalp damage and the commercial products used in a case of hair highlighting. The results of some chemical analyses have been reported, showing, in particular, that the chemical reactivity of the mixture changes in the time, thus strongly suggesting that the procedure for the application of the mixture is critical for the occurrence of possible accidents. The presence in the powder of chemical compounds bearing aliphatic chains as surfactants explains the appearance of dramatic symptoms after days due to a slow dissolution of the oxidant compounds in the stratum corneum of skin with no effect in reducing injury of palliative treatments. Safety suggestions and recommendations for producers and workers are also included.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Padova , Padova , Italy .
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bertani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Padova , Padova , Italy .
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sgarbossa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Padova , Padova , Italy .
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pendolino
authors.affiliation: b Istituto per l'Energetica e le Interfasi, National Council of Research , Padova , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Giangiacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Facchin
authors.affiliation: c Forensic Toxicology and Antidoping Unit, Padova Hospital , Padova , Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Snenghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D012535:Scalp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013431:Sulfates / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006202:Hair Dyes; D016877:Oxidants; D013431:Sulfates; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Chemical scalp burn; hair highlight; hydrogen peroxide; oxidative injury; persulfates