title: The Incidence, Nature and Consequences of Adverse Events in Iranian Hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse events are relatively common in healthcare, leading to extensive harm to patients and a significant drain on healthcare resources. Identifying the extent, nature and consequences of adverse events is an important step in preventing adverse events and their consequences which is the subject of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective review of medical records randomly selected from patients admitted to 4 general hospitals, staying more than 24 hours and discharged between April and September 2012. We randomly selected 1200 records and completed the record review for 1162 of these records. Standard forms (RF1 and RF2) were used to review medical records in two stages by nurses and medical doctors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five (7.3%) of the 1162 records had an adverse event during the admission; and in 43 (3.7%) of the 1162 records, the patient was admitted to the hospital due to an adverse event that occurred before the admission. Therefore, a total of 128 (11.0%) adverse events occurred in 126 (10.9) records as two patients had more than one adverse event. Forty-four (34.3%) of these 128 adverse events were considered preventable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that adverse events, particularly adverse drug reactions, post-operative infections, bedsore and hospital acquired infections are common and potentially preventable sources of harm to patients in Iranian hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbari Sari
authors.affiliation: 2)School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 3)Iranian Center of Exellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 4)Tabriz Health Services Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doshmangir
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidian
authors.affiliation: Iranian Center of Exellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing and Midwifery, School of Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Robabeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghomi
authors.affiliation: La Trobe University, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nittita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prasopa-Plaizier
mesh_terms: D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies