title: The Burden of Neglected HIV-2 and HTLV-1 Infections in Spain.
abstract: HIV-2 and HTLV-1 infections are globally less frequent than those produced by HIV-1, the classical AIDS agent. In Spain and up to the end of 2014, a total of 310 cases of HIV-2, 274 of HTLV-1, and 776 of HTLV-2 infections had been reported. No cases of HTLV-3 or HTLV-4 infections have been identified so far in Spain. Most persons infected with HIV-2 or HTLV-1 acknowledge epidemiological risk factors for contagion, such as originating from or living in endemic regions and/or having had sexual partners from those areas. However, risk factors could not be recognized in up to 20-25% of carriers in Spain. Thus, it seems worth keeping a high level of clinical suspicion in order to identify earlier these neglected human retroviral infections, since diagnostic procedures and antiviral treatment are specific for each of these agents. In this article we summarize the major contributions reported at the meeting of the Spanish Group for HIV-2/HTLV held in Madrid in December 2014.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Puerta de Hierro Research Institute & University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Treviño
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Puerta de Hierro Research Institute & University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, Hospital Conxo-CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirón
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D058069:Neglected Diseases; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology