title: Recognition of purified beta 1,3/1,6 glucan and molecular signalling in the intestine of Atlantic salmon.
abstract: Atlantic salmon was orally intubated with a highly purified β-glucan product (MacroGard(®)) to study the recognition of the molecule by the receptor genes, the regulation of the downstream signalling genes and global proteins, and the micromorphological changes in the intestine. The β-glucan receptor genes of Atlantic salmon, sclra, sclrb, sclrc and cr3, seem to recognize the molecule, and initiate the downstream ITAM-motif signalling, as evident from the significantly high mRNA levels of ksyk, mapkin2, il1b and mip2a levels. Among the altered proteins, the Apoa4 (involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism); Tagln, Actb (uptake of β-glucan); Psma2 (associated with substrate recognition); and Ckt (energy metabolism-related) were the overexpressed ones. The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of igt and the number of immune cells in the distal intestine were found to increase upon β-glucan uptake by the fish. This study provides some clues on the mechanisms by which the β-glucan evokes response in Atlantic salmon, particularly at the intestinal level.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway. Electronic address: kvi@uin.no.
authors.forename: Viswanath
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiron
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway. Electronic address: fishamod@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amod
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway. Electronic address: dda@uin.no.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dahle
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway. Electronic address: gkv@uin.no.
authors.forename: Ghana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasanth
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway. Electronic address: loj@uin.no.
authors.forename: Jep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lokesh
authors.affiliation: Biorigin Europe NV, Vosseschijnstraat 59, Haven 182, BE 2030 Antwerpen, Belgium. Electronic address: elvebo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Odd
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elvebo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Actb; Atlantic salmon; Beta-1,3/1,6 glucan; C-type lectin receptor genes; MacroGard(®); Psma2; Tagln