title: Recent Advances on Genetic and Physiological Bases of In Vitro Somatic Embryo Formation.
abstract: Somatic embryogenesis involves a broad repertoire of genes, and complex expression patterns controlled by a concerted gene regulatory network. The present work describes this regulatory network focusing on the main aspects involved, with the aim of providing a deeper insight into understanding the total reprogramming of cells into a new organism through a somatic way. To the aim, the chromatin remodeling necessary to totipotent stem cell establishment is described, as the activity of numerous transcription factors necessary to cellular totipotency reprogramming. The eliciting effects of various plant growth regulators on the induction of somatic embryogenesis is also described and put in relation with the activity of specific transcription factors. The role of programmed cell death in the process, and the related function of specific hemoglobins as anti-stress and anti-death compounds is also described. The tools for biotechnology coming from this information is highlighted in the concluding remarks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy. mariamaddalena.altamura@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Maria Maddalena
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Altamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Rovere
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fattorini
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Angeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falasca
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics*; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin
keywords: Auxins; Chromatin remodeling; Hemoglobins; Osmotin; Programmed cell death; Receptor-kinase s; Somatic embryo s; Stem cells; Stress signaling; Transcription factor s