title: EFFECTS OF A DRY-LAND STRENGTHENING PROGRAM IN COMPETITIVE ADOLESCENT SWIMMERS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shoulder pain is common in competitive young swimmers. A relationship between shoulder strength and shoulder soreness in competitive young swimmers may indicate need for strengthening.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if a shoulder exercise program will improve shoulder strength and decrease pain in competitive young swimmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (10 control, 11 experimental), randomly assigned to a control or experiment group, completed the 12 week program. Strength was measured prior to the study for shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation, and extension on the dominant arm using handheld dynamometry. The experimental group was then assigned exercises to be performed three times per week. The control group was instructed not to perform the exercises. All participants were re-tested at six and twelve weeks following initiation of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes in strength for each muscle group and pain were compared between groups using a mixed design two-way ANOVA. The experimental group significantly increased external rotation strength compared to the control group. Shoulder soreness was not significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents who perform shoulder strengthening significantly increased their external rotation strength compared to adolescents who only participated in a regular swimming regimen.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Manske
authors.affiliation: Peak Physical Therapy, Colorado Springs, Co, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Mid America Orthopedics, Wichita, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Wichita State University Department of Physical Therapy, Wichita, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
keywords: Competitive swimmer; adolescent; external rotation. Randomized controlled trial; rotator cuff strength; soreness