title: Active clearance of chest drainage catheters reduces retained blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chest tubes are used to clear blood from around the heart and lungs after heart surgery, but they can be obstructed by a blood clot, leading to retained blood syndrome (RBS). We sought to examine the frequency of RBS and associated morbidity, and to determine the influence of a preventative active chest tube clearance (ATC) protocol on these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary team developed a simple protocol to institute ATC to preventatively clear chest tubes of clot during the first 24 hours after heart surgery. An extensive educational in-service was performed before universal implementation (phase 1). We retrospectively compared data collected prospectively from 1849 patients before universal implementation (phase 0) with data from 256 patients collected prospectively after universal implementation (phase 2), and then used propensity matching for outcomes assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In propensity-matched patients, 19.9% of patients had interventions for RBS (phase 0). After the implementation of ATC (phase 2), the percent of patients with interventions for RBS was reduced to 11.3%, representing a 43% reduction in RBS (P = .0087). These patients had a 33% reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation from 30% (78 out of 256) in phase 0 to 20% (52 out of 256) in phase 2. (P = .013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATC is associated with a reduced need for interventions for RBS and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Our findings underscore the importance of maintaining chest tube patency in the early hours after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kllinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kllinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ledwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kllinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Püski
authors.affiliation: St Charles Medical Center, Bend, Ore.
authors.forename: Ed M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kllinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kllinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: theodor.fischlein@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
authors.forename: Theodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischlein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D061807:Catheter Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D057216:Propensity Score; D058996:Quality Improvement; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: atrial fibrillation; pericardial effusion; pleural effusions