title: Management of wastes from hospitals: A case study in Pakistan.
abstract: Proper management of hospital waste is a critical concern in many countries of the world. Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world, with one of the highest urbanisation and population growth rates in South Asia. Data and analyses regarding hospital waste management practices in Pakistan are scarce in scientific literature. This study was meant to determine waste management practices at selected hospitals in a major city in Pakistan, Gujranwala. A total of 12 different hospitals were selected for the survey, which involved quantification of waste generation rates and investigation of waste management practices. The results were analysed using linear regression. The weighted average total, general and infectious hospital waste generation rates were found to be 0.667, 0.497 and 0.17 kg bed-day(-1), respectively. Of the total, 73.85% consisted of general, 25.8% consisted of hazardous infectious and 0.87% consisted of sharps waste. The general waste consisted of 15.76% paper, 13.41% plastic, 21.77% textiles, 6.47% glass, 1.99% rubber, 0.44% metal and 40.17% others. Linear regression showed that waste generation increased with occupancy and decreased with number of beds. Small, private and specialised hospitals had relatively greater waste generation rates. Poor waste segregation, storage and transportation practices were observed at all surveyed hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China aliseunanjing@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Management Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nawaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
mesh_terms: D008506:Medical Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D010154:Pakistan; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal
keywords: Infectious waste; hazardous waste; public health; regression; waste generation