title: Imaging in Endoscopic Cranial Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery.
abstract: Endoscopic endonasal approaches have widely accepted techniques for managing benign and malignant processes along the entire ventral skull base with similar or better results compared with open procedures, but with lower rates of complication. Managing pathology affecting the skull base can be challenging because of complex anatomy and the proximity of critical neurovascular structures. Postoperative imaging can be challenging, because of surgical alterations of normal anatomy and the now common use of complex reconstruction techniques. Understanding the normal imaging appearance of skull base reconstruction is important for accurate postoperative interpretation and delineation between normal reconstructive tissue and recurrent neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB#7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Rua Cincinato Braga, 282, Bela Vista, São Paulo, São Paulo 01333-910, Brazil; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Rua Dr. Cesário Motta Junior 112, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, São Paulo 01221-020, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Hoffmann
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB#7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiology, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13#100-00 Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ana Lorena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Abello
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB#7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB#7060, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zanation
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, CB#7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasaki-Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB#7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: bhuang@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012008:Recurrence; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: CT; Endoscopic skull base surgery; MRI; Nasoseptal flap; Skull base