title: Mechanisms of Aeroallergen Immunotherapy: Subcutaneous Immunotherapy and Sublingual Immunotherapy.
abstract: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective way to treat allergic disorders, targeting the underlying mechanisms and altering the disease course by inducing a long-lasting clinical and immune tolerance to allergens. Although sublingual and subcutaneous routes are used in daily practice, many novel ways to decrease side effects and duration and increase efficacy have been pursued. Further studies are needed to develop biomarkers for the identification of AIT responder patients and also to use the developed knowledge in allergy prevention studies. Future directions in AIT include treatments for autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, organ transplantation, and breaking immune tolerance to cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Allergy, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, Memorial Health Group, Vedat Gunyol Cad. 28-30, Istanbul 34758, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cevdet
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Vakif Gureba Cad, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umut Can
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Kucuksezer
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere Strasse, CH-7270, Davos, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mübeccel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akdis
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere Strasse, CH-7270, Davos, Switzerland. Electronic address: akdisac@siaf.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Cezmi A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Akdis
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000276:immunology*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens
keywords: Allergens; Allergy; Immunotherapy; T regulatory cells; Tolerance