title: Athletic groin pain (part 1): a prospective anatomical diagnosis of 382 patients--clinical findings, MRI findings and patient-reported outcome measures at baseline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Athletic groin pain remains a common field-based team sports time-loss injury. There are few reports of non-surgically managed cohorts with athletic groin pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical presentation/examination, MRI findings and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores for an athletic groin pain cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had a history including demographics, injury duration, sport played and standardised clinical examination. All patients underwent MRI and PRO score to assess recovery. A clinical diagnosis of the injured anatomical structure was made based on these findings. Statistical assessment of the reliability of accepted standard investigations undertaken in making an anatomical diagnosis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  382 consecutive athletic groin pain patients, all male, enrolled. Median time in pain at presentation was (IQR) 36 (16-75) weeks. Most (91%) played field-based ball-sports. Injury to the pubic aponeurosis (PA) 240 (62.8%) was the most common diagnosis. This was followed by injuries to the hip in 81 (21.2%) and adductors in 56 (14.7%) cases. The adductor squeeze test (90° hip flexion) was sensitive (85.4%) but not specific for the pubic aponeurosis and adductor pathology (negative likelihood ratio 1.95). Analysed in series, positive MRI findings and tenderness of the pubic aponeurosis had a 92.8% post-test probability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this largest cohort of patients with athletic groin pain combining clinical and MRI diagnostics there was a 63% prevalence of PA injury. The adductor squeeze test was sensitive for athletic groin pain, but not specific individual pathologies. MRI improved diagnostic post-test probability. No hernia or incipient hernia was diagnosed.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02437942.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: É C
authors.initials: ÉC
authors.lastname: Falvey
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University Dublin, London, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franklyn-Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006119:Groin / Q000293:injuries*; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; Football; Groin; MRI; Overuse