title: Diagnostic marker signature for esophageal cancer from transcriptome analysis.
abstract: Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Diagnostic markers are needed for achieving a cure in esophageal cancer detecting and treating tumor cells earlier. In patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC), we profiled the gene expression of ESCC compared to corresponding normal biopsies for diagnostic markers by genome microarrays. Profiling of gene expression identified 4844 genes differentially expressed, 2122 upregulated and 2722 downregulated in ESCC. Twenty-three overexpressed candidates with best scores from significance analysis have been selected for further analysis by TaqMan low-density array-technique using a validation cohort of 40 patients. The verification rate was 100 % for ESCC. Twenty-two markers were additionally overexpressed in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EAC). The markers significantly overexpressed already in earlier tumor stages (pT1-2) of both histological subtypes (n = 19) have been clustered in a "diagnostic signature": PLA2G7, PRAME, MMP1, MMP3, MMP12, LIlRB2, TREM2, CHST2, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, KCNJ8, EMILIN2, CTHRC1, EMR2, WDR72, LPCAT1, COL4A2, CCL4, and SNX10. The marker signature will be translated to clinical practice to prove its diagnostic impact. This diagnostic signature may contribute to the earlier detection of tumor cells, with the aim to complement clinical techniques resulting in the development of better detection of concepts of esophageal cancer for earlier therapy and more favorite prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne (CIO), Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. ute.warnecke-eberz@uk-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-5633
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Warnecke-Eberz
authors.affiliation: Caritasklinikum Saarbrücken, Rheinstraße 2, 66113, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne (CIO), Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Arnulf H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hölscher
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Drebber
authors.affiliation: General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne (CIO), Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Elfriede
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bollschweiler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: DNA microarrays; Diagnostic marker; Esophageal cancer; Gene expression profiling