title: Early Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined by acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury invoked by a variety of systemic or pulmonary insults. Despite medical progress in management, mortality remains 27% to 45%. Patients with ARDS should be managed with low tidal volume ventilation. Permissive hypercapnea is well tolerated. Conservative fluid strategy can reduce ventilator and hospital days in patients without shock. Prone positioning and neuromuscular blockers reduce mortality in some patients. Early management of ARDS is relevant to emergency medicine. Identifying ARDS patients who should be transferred to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center is an important task for emergency providers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blyth Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Przybysz
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blyth Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA; Medical ICU, Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Campus, 1000 Blyth Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA. Electronic address: Alan.heffner@carolinashealthcare.org.
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heffner
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management / Q000379:methods*; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Acute respiratory failure; Hypoxemia; Hypoxia; Severe ARDS