title: Underwater Sound Propagation from Marine Pile Driving.
abstract: Pile driving occurs in a variety of nearshore environments that typically have very shallow-water depths. The propagation of pile-driving sound in water is complex, where sound is directly radiated from the pile as well as through the ground substrate. Piles driven in the ground near water bodies can produce considerable underwater sound energy. This paper presents examples of sound propagation through shallow-water environments. Some of these examples illustrate the substantial variation in sound amplitude over time that can be critical to understand when computing an acoustic-based safety zone for aquatic species.
authors.affiliation: Illingworth and Rodkin, Inc., Petaluma, CA, 94952, USA. jreyff@illingworthrodkin.com.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reyff
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000502:physiology; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D012426:Russia; D012623:Seawater; D013016:Sound; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Peak; Pile driving; Propagation; Root-mean-square; Sound exposure level