title: Treatment of nausea in pregnancy: a cross-sectional multinational web-based study of pregnant women and new mothers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The factors related to the treatment of nausea during pregnancy have not yet been investigated in several countries simultaneously. The present study aimed to describe differences in self-reported nausea during pregnancy and the patterns of use for both conventional and herbal medicines across countries. The factors related to nausea and its treatment and the relationships between different self-reported co-morbidities and nausea were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study used data collected by a web-based questionnaire distributed between October 2011 and February 2012 in several countries within five regions: Western, Northern, and Eastern Europe, North America, and Australia. Women who were pregnant or had a child less than one year old were eligible to participate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9113 women were included in the study, whereof 6701 (73.5%) had experienced nausea during pregnancy. Among respondents with nausea, conventional medicines were used by 1201 (17.9%) women and herbal medicines by 556 (8.3%) women. The extent of self-reported nausea and its treatment varied by country. Education, working status, and folic acid use were significantly associated with the use of conventional medicines against nausea. Respondents who had nausea also had a high burden of co-morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of nausea was high across all participating countries but its treatment varied, possibly due to cultural differences and differences in attitudes towards medicines. A high degree of co-morbidity was found among respondents with nausea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. kristine.heitmann@igs.uib.no.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heitmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. lone.holst@igs.uib.no.
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. angela.lupattelli@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupattelli
authors.affiliation: The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. caroline.maltepe@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maltepe
authors.affiliation: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. h.m.e.nordeng@farmasi.uio.no.|Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. h.m.e.nordeng@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nordeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations