title: Synergistic interactions between doxycycline and terpenic components of essential oils encapsulated within lipid nanocapsules against gram negative bacteria.
abstract: The combination of essential oils (EOs) with antibiotics provides a promising strategy towards combating resistant bacteria. We have selected a mixture of 3 major components extracted from EOs: carvacrol (oregano oil), eugenol (clove oil) and cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon oil). These compounds were successfully encapsulated within lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). The EOs-loaded LNCs were characterised by a noticeably high drug loading of 20% and a very small particle diameter of 114nm. The in vitro interactions between EOs-loaded LNCs and doxycycline were examined via checkerboard titration and time-kill assay against 5 Gram-negative strains: Acinetobacter baumannii SAN, A. baumannii RCH, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No growth inhibition interactions were found between EOs-loaded LNCs and doxycycline (FIC index between 0.7 and 1.30). However, when bactericidal effects were considered, a synergistic interaction was observed (FBC index equal to 0.5) against all tested strains. A synergistic effect was also observed in time-kill assay (a difference of at least 3 log between the combination and the most active agent alone). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise the changes in the bacterial membrane. The holes in bacterial envelope and leakage of cellular contents were observed in SE micrographs after exposure to the EOs-LNCs and the doxycycline combination.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1066, Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, IBS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France. Electronic address: chantal.valcourtsainz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valcourt
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1066, Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, IBS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saulnier
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1066, Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, IBS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umerska
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zanelli
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1066, Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, IBS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montagu
authors.affiliation: Eydo Pharma, 41 Rue Noel Ballay, 28000 Chartres, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossines
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Joly-Guillou
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008055:Lipids; D053769:Nanocapsules; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013729:Terpenes; D004318:Doxycycline
keywords: Doxycycline; Essential oils; Lipid nanocapsules; Resistant bacteria; Synergy