title: Repeated participation in pancreatic cancer surveillance by high-risk individuals imposes low psychological burden.
abstract: When assessing the feasibility of surveillance for pancreatic cancer (PC), it is important to address its psychological burden. The aim of this ongoing study is to evaluate the psychological burden of annual pancreatic surveillance for individuals at high risk to develop PC.
  
  
  
  This is a multicenter prospective study. High-risk individuals who undergo annual pancreatic surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were invited to complete questionnaires to assess motivations for participating in surveillance, experiences with participation, perceived PC risk, topics of concern, and psychological distress. Questionnaires were sent after intake for participation (T1), after the first MRI and EUS (T2), and after the MRI and EUS 1 (T3), 2 (T4), and 3 years (T5) after first surveillance.
  
  
  
  In total, 140 out of 152 individuals returned one or more of the questionnaires (response 92%); 477 questionnaires were analyzed. The most frequently reported motivation for participating in surveillance was the possible early detection of (a precursor stage of) cancer (95-100%). Only a minority of respondents experienced MRI and EUS as uncomfortable (10% and 11%, respectively), and respondents dreaded their next EUS investigation less as surveillance progressed. Respondents' cancer worries decreased significantly over time, and both their anxiety and depression scores remained stable and low over the 3-year period of follow-up.
  
  
  
  The psychological burden of pancreatic surveillance is low at all assessments. Therefore, from a psychological point of view, participation of high-risk individuals in an annual pancreatic surveillance program is feasible.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid C A W
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Konings
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Grace N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Sidharta
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Femme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harinck
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cora M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aalfs
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan-Werner
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Poley
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacobien M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kieffer
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marianne A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeanin E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: van Hooft
authors.affiliation: Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Rens
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fockens
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eveline M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bleiker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires