title: Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Induction Is Mediated by the Major Whey Proteins α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin through the NF-κB Pathway in Immune Cells.
abstract: α-Lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin are two major whey proteins that specifically bind immunoglobulin E and are suspected as major allergens causing cow's milk allergy (CMA). Recent studies have shown that thymic stromal lymphopoietin is a critical factor linking at the interface of the body and environment to the T-helper 2 response. However, it is not known whether thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression is changed by α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in immune cells. Using RT-PCR and ELISA, the present study was conducted to examine if intravenous injection of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, T-helper 2 cytokines, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in several immune cells, including macrophages, mast cells, and keratinocytes. Results showed that α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. It was concluded that the allergenicity of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin may be attributed to thymic stromal lymphopoietin induction, T-helper 2 cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biosystem Science, Chungnam National University (CNU) , 99 Daehak-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.|Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University , Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, United States.|Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Young W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: ENZYCHEM Life Sciences, 741, KAIST-ICC 193, Munji-Ro, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biosystem Science, Chungnam National University (CNU) , 99 Daehak-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration , Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration , Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Beom-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Wha
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biosystem Science, Chungnam National University (CNU) , 99 Daehak-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D007768:Lactalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007768:Lactalbumin; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
keywords: T-helper 2 cytokine; pro-inflammatory cytokine; thymic stromal lymphopoietin; α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin