title: Changes of the directional brain networks related with brain plasticity in patients with long-term unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
abstract: Previous studies often report that early auditory deprivation or congenital deafness contributes to cross-modal reorganization in the auditory-deprived cortex, and this cross-modal reorganization limits clinical benefit from cochlear prosthetics. However, there are inconsistencies among study results on cortical reorganization in those subjects with long-term unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL). It is also unclear whether there exists a similar cross-modal plasticity of the auditory cortex for acquired monaural deafness and early or congenital deafness. To address this issue, we constructed the directional brain functional networks based on entropy connectivity of resting-state functional MRI and researched changes of the networks. Thirty-four long-term USNHL individuals and seventeen normally hearing individuals participated in the test, and all USNHL patients had acquired deafness. We found that certain brain regions of the sensorimotor and visual networks presented enhanced synchronous output entropy connectivity with the left primary auditory cortex in the left long-term USNHL individuals as compared with normally hearing individuals. Especially, the left USNHL showed more significant changes of entropy connectivity than the right USNHL. No significant plastic changes were observed in the right USNHL. Our results indicate that the left primary auditory cortex (non-auditory-deprived cortex) in patients with left USNHL has been reorganized by visual and sensorimotor modalities through cross-modal plasticity. Furthermore, the cross-modal reorganization also alters the directional brain functional networks. The auditory deprivation from the left or right side generates different influences on the human brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, Chang Cheng Road, Hi-Tech Development Zone, Taian 271016, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: gyuzhn@163.com.
authors.forename: G-Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Z-C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: P-P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: L-J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Human Communication Disorder, Dalhousie University, 1256 Barrington Street, Halifax B3J1Y6, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong-Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: G-J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cognitive function; directional brain functional network; entropy connectivity; reorganization; unilateral sensorineural hearing loss