title: HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy and the heart: a cellular to epidemiological review.
abstract: The advent of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for persons infected with HIV-1 has led to a "new" chronic disease with complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection. In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, infection with HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD. This review summarizes: (1) the vascular and nonvascular cardiac manifestations of HIV infection; (2) cardiometabolic effects of HAART; (3) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, prevention and treatment in persons with HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Sandesara
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Quyyumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schinazi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sperling
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: HIV; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular disease; endothelial dysfunction; highly active antiretroviral therapy; prevention