title: Systemic Therapies for Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
abstract: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are an uncommon tumor type and compose 1% to 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. They are rarely localized at presentation and are typically diagnosed in the presence of metastatic disease. The management poses a significant challenge because of the heterogeneous clinical presentations and varying degrees of aggressiveness. A variety of systemic therapies have been developed for the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, including somatostatin analogues, a select group of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents, and targeted or biological agents. This article reviews the available systemic therapy options for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, 1039, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: rajn@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Nitya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, 1039, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reidy-Lagunes
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013004:Somatostatin; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Carcinoid tumors; Everolimus; Lanreotide; Neuroendocrine tumors; Octreotide; Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; Sunitinib