title: Anxiety's Effect on Muscle Activation and Fatigue in Trumpet Players: A Pilot Study.
abstract: Due to the high percentage of musicians who suffer from musculoskeletal disorders, there is a need for more research in the field of music and medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the possible relationship between anxiety, muscle activation, and muscle fatigue in undergraduate trumpet players. Assessment tools included surface electromyography (sEMG) data, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) of perceived anxiety. Data were collected from 27 undergraduate music students across five universities (22 males, 5 females) aged 18 to 24 years. The three muscles targeted by the sEMG were the upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and masseter muscles. Participants were randomly divided into two single-blinded groups: (1) anxiety-induction and (2) control. The anxiety-induction group was instructed to play as accurately as possible and informed that mistakes were being counted and evaluated, while the control group was instructed to play without any concern for possible mistakes. The anxiety-induction group was shown to have more masseter muscle activation than the control; the anxiety-induction group also displayed a higher fatigue rate in all three muscles versus the controls. Subjects with high perceived-anxiety (as measured by VAS) displayed higher masseter activation and higher fatigue rates in the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid than non-anxious participants. Despite these notable trends, there was no statistical significance for any of the muscle groups for muscle activation or fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Dep of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professionals, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0224, USA. Tel 804-828-0234. pepidcoe@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Hannah E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Rumsey
authors.forename: Sahil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: Jeeyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pidcoe
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009142:Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; D009146:Music; D060805:Performance Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult