title: Fear of dental pain in Italian children: child personality traits and parental dental fear.
abstract: Dental anxiety could impede dental treatment in children. Evidence shows that parents' fear of dentists contributes to children's anxiety towards dentists. The aim of the present study was to determine whether and to what extent: a) parents' anxiety and depression personality traits, b) parent's dental fear, and c) child personality traits can predict children's dental anxiety in an Italian population.
  
  
  
  One hundred and four children (5-14 years old) and one of their parents participated in the study. Well-known and validated questionnaires were administered to children (MCDASf, CFSS-DS, TAD) and parents (FDPQ, STAI Y1, Y2, and BDI-II).
  
  
  
  Dental anxiety is significantly associated with the anxiety personality trait and depression of the child and with parental fear of dental pain. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that, regardless of age and gender, the best predictor of child dental anxiety is parent's fear of dental pain, rather than relatively stable temperaments of the child.
  
  
  
  In line with the literature concerning adults, these findings highlight the children dental anxiety as a complex phenomena consisting of different components, including the child's personality traits (anxiety trait and depression) and parents' dental fear. Clinical implications of this evidence are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Unit of Dentistry for Special Needs Patients, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Unit of Dentistry for Special Needs Patients, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alkhamis
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna V.le Berti Pichat, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mattarozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna V.le Berti Pichat, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, Unit of Dentistry for Special Needs Patients, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D019140:Dental Care for Children; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality
keywords: anxiety; child; dental anxiety; questionnaires