title: Purple carrot anthocyanins suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the co-culture of intestinal Caco-2 and macrophage RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of purple carrot anthocyanins (PCA) with respect to gut inflammation, simulated in a co-culture system consisting of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. The obtained results indicated that PCA extract down-regulates the mRNA expression of proinflammatory interleukins Il-1β (↓91%) and Il-6 (↓69%) as well as inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos), in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells. The decrease in the generation of prostaglandin E2 (↓48%) and nitric oxide (↓26%) was observed as a result of the inhibition of Cox-2 (↓25%) and iNos (↓12%) mRNA expressions, respectively. Moreover, the PCA reduced mRNA expression (↓40%) and production (↓17%) of IL-8 in intestinal cells. The anti-inflammatory effect of PCA was contributed to the protection of the intestinal barrier, which was disrupted upon the stimulation of macrophages. These findings may provide preliminary justification for the use of PCA in further studies focused on the prevention and therapy supporting the conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland. aolejnik@up.poznan.pl kaskakow@up.poznan.pl joanna.rychlik@up.poznan.pl mariola.olkowicz@up.poznan.pl rdembcz@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olejnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland. aolejnik@up.poznan.pl kaskakow@up.poznan.pl joanna.rychlik@up.poznan.pl mariola.olkowicz@up.poznan.pl rdembcz@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, Poznan 60-624, Poland. kidon@up.poznan.pl czapski@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kidoń
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, Poznan 60-624, Poland. kidon@up.poznan.pl czapski@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czapski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland. aolejnik@up.poznan.pl kaskakow@up.poznan.pl joanna.rychlik@up.poznan.pl mariola.olkowicz@up.poznan.pl rdembcz@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland. aolejnik@up.poznan.pl kaskakow@up.poznan.pl joanna.rychlik@up.poznan.pl mariola.olkowicz@up.poznan.pl rdembcz@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olkowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland. aolejnik@up.poznan.pl kaskakow@up.poznan.pl joanna.rychlik@up.poznan.pl mariola.olkowicz@up.poznan.pl rdembcz@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dembczyński
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D010539:Permeability; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts