title: MMP2-Targeting and Redox-Responsive PEGylated Chlorin e6 Nanoparticles for Cancer Near-Infrared Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy.
abstract: A unique matrix metalloproteinase 2-targeted photosensitizer delivery platform was developed in this study for tumor-targeting imaging and photodynamic therapy. The model photosensitizer therapeutic agent chlorin e6 (Ce6) was first covalently conjugated with matrix metalloproteinase 2-cleavable polypeptide and then modified with polyethylene glycol via a redox-responsive cleavable disulfide linker. The resultant matrix metalloproteinase 2-cleavable polypeptide modified PEGylated Ce6 (PEG-SS-Ce6-MMP2) nanoparticles, which formed via self-assembly, were observed to be monodisperse and significantly stable in aqueous solution. In addition, owing to their cellular redox-responsiveness at the cleavable disulfide linker, the PEG-SS-Ce6-MMP2 nanoparticles were able to release Ce6 rapidly. Despite displaying enhanced intracellular internalization, the synthesized PEG-SS-Ce6-MMP2 nanoparticles did not compromise their phototoxic effects toward A549 cancer cells when compared with free Ce6 and PEGylated Ce6 nanoparticles. In vivo experiments further revealed that, in contrast with the free Ce6 or with the PEGylated Ce6 nanoparticles, the PEG-SS-Ce6-MMP2 nanoparticles showed a remarkable increase in tumor-targeting ability and a significantly improved photodynamic therapeutic efficiency in A549 tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that the PEG-SS-Ce6-MMP2 nanoparticles hold great potential for tumor-targeting imaging and photodynamic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.|School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenxiu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.|School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Daxiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002735:Chlorophyllides; D011166:Porphyrins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C062985:phytochlorin; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: chlorin e6; disulfide linker; matrix metalloproteinase-2; photodynamic therapy; tumor imaging