title: Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura beyond therapeutic plasma exchange.
abstract: Daily therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) transformed the historically fatal prognosis of acquired, anti-ADAMTS13 antibody-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), leading to the current overall survival rates of 80%-85%. However, relapses occur in ~40% of patients and refractory disease with fatal outcomes still occurs. In this context, the introduction of rituximab has probably been the second major breakthrough in TTP management. Rituximab is now routinely recommended during the acute phase, typically in patients with a suboptimal response to treatment, or even as frontline therapy, with high response rates. In more severe patients, salvage strategies may include twice-daily TPE, pulses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, as well as splenectomy in more desperate cases. In this life-threatening disease, relapse prevention represents a major goal. Persistent severe acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency in patients who are otherwise in remission is associated with a high risk of relapse and preemptive treatment with rituximab may be considered in this context. In the coming years, the TTP therapeutic landscape should be enriched by original strategies stemming from clinical experience and new agents that are currently being evaluated in large, ideally international, clinical trials. Promising agents under evaluation include N-acetylcysteine, bortezomib, recombinant ADAMTS13, and inhibitors of the glycoprotein-Ib/IX-von Willebrand factor axis.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, AP-HP, Paris, France; Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Inserm U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coppo
authors.affiliation: Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques, AP-HP, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, CHI Créteil, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Froissart
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000071120:ADAMTS13 Protein; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D000069286:Bortezomib / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011697:Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic / Q000628:therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D000069283:Rituximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013156:Splenectomy; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013256:Steroids; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D000069286:Bortezomib; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071120:ADAMTS13 Protein; C099604:ADAMTS13 protein, human; D000111:Acetylcysteine