title: Glycated apolipoprotein B-A surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sustained hyperglycemia is a causative factor for glycation of proteins. Glycated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is strongly associated with an increased risk of CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) in diabetics. Hence, we planned to evaluate the association of glycated apo B with subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five non obese and 45 obese diabetics were recruited. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were estimated by HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) was calculated using standard formula. Plasma Insulin was done by RIA. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) model. Glycated apo B in serum was estimated using ELISA. Carotid intimal media thickness (CIMT) was estimated using B mode USG of carotid arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycated apo B levels were correlated significantly with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p=0.001), post prandial glucose (PPG) (p=0.001), HbA1c (p=0.013). The percent glycated apo B levels correlated significantly with FBG (p=0.032), PPG (p=0.004) in obese diabetic group. Multivariate regression analysis of glycated apo B and percent glycated apo B, showed that glycated apo B (p=0.009) and percent glycated apo B (p=0.006) were significantly correlated to FPG in diabetic population. The percent glycated apo B was also significantly correlated to PPG (p=0.003) and sdLDL (p=0.009). CIMT levels were higher in obese diabetics with 2 plaques positive when compared to obese non diabetic controls; however levels were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent hyperglycemia and sdLDL are independently associated with glycation of apo B. Presence of plaques and increased thickness of intima indicates that glycated apo B predisposes diabetics to atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India. Electronic address: kapildev0034@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dev
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India. Electronic address: drsbs08@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Suman B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India. Electronic address: seegarg@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India. Electronic address: dramitesh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amitesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India. Electronic address: svmadhu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Madhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Glycated apo B; Percent glycated apo B; Type 2 diabetes; sdLDL and carotid intimal media thickness