title: Comparison of innate immune responses towards rhinovirus infection of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhinoviruses (RV) replicate in both upper and lower airway epithelial cells. We evaluated the possibility of using nasal epithelial cells (NEC) as surrogate of bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) for RV pathogenesis cell culture studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used primary paired NEC and BEC cultures established from healthy subjects and compared the replication of RV belonging to the major (RV16) and minor (RV1B) group, and the cellular antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine responses towards these viruses. We related antiviral and pro-inflammatory responses of NEC isolated from CF and COPD patients with those of BEC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RV16 replication and major group surface receptor (ICAM-1) expression were higher in healthy NEC compared with BEC (P < 0.05); RV1B replication and minor group surface receptor (LDLR) expression were similar. Healthy NEC and BEC produced similar levels of IFN-β and IFN-λ2/3 upon RV infection or after simulation with poly(IC). IL-8 production was similar between healthy NEC and BEC. IL-6 release at baseline (P < 0.01) and upon infection with RV16 (P < 0.05) and poly(IC) stimulation (P < 0.05) was higher in NEC. RV1B viral load in NEC was related to RV1B viral load in BEC (r = 0.49, P = 0.01). There was a good correlation of IFN levels between NEC and BEC (r = 0.66, P = 0.0004 after RV1B infection). IL-8 production in NEC was related to IL-8 production in BEC (r = 0.48, P = 0.02 after RV1B infection).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NEC are a suitable alternative cellular system to BEC to study the pathophysiology of RV infections and particularly to investigate IFN responses induced by RV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marco P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schögler
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebener
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nathalie J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vielle
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casaulta
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Regamey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; cystic fibrosis; nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells; rhinovirus