title: Schizophyllum commune: an emergent or misdiagnosed fungal pathogen in rhinology?
abstract: Schizophyllum commune is a common basidiomycete fungus that is rarely involved in human disease. The medical records of patients operated on for fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) in two University Hospitals between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. Within the two-year survey, six female, and notably no male, patients were diagnosed with S. commune rhinosinusitis. Mean age was 44.6 years at diagnosis (30 to 68 years). Mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8.5 months (2 to 12 months). All six patients were immunocompetent and had no particular host factor for FRS. S. commune was identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and identifications were confirmed via DNA sequence analysis. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis was diagnosed in three of our six patients. Based on histological findings, antifungal treatment was delivered in association with surgery. The basidiomycete fungus S. commune is an emerging cause of rhinosinusitis probably as a direct consequence of the recent technological progress in fungal identification methods (DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France justin.michel@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département des Agents Infectieux, CHU Grenoble and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maubon
authors.affiliation: Department of radiology, APHM CHU Timone, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Damien Arthur
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Varoquaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boulze
authors.affiliation: Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France.
authors.forename: Anne Cécile
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Normand
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery CHU Grenoble and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Christian Adrien
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Righini
authors.affiliation: Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France Aix-Marseille University, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13885 Marseilles, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piarroux
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, APHM CHU Timone, and Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dessi
authors.affiliation: Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone-Adultes, Marseilles, France Aix-Marseille University, IP-TPT UMR MD3, 13885 Marseilles, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012567:Schizophyllum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: Chronic Rhinosinusitis; DNA Sequence Analysis; Fungal Rhinosinusitis; MALDI-TOF; Mycoses