title: Evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis in Setaria cervi induced by green silver nanoparticles from Acacia auriculiformis at a very low dose.
abstract: Green synthesis of silver nanomaterial plays a pivotal role in the growing field of nanotechnology. Development of anti-parasitic drugs from plant metabolites has been in regular practice from the ancient period but most of them were discarded due to their inefficiency to control diseases effectively. At present, nanoparticles are used for developing anti-parasitic therapy for their unique properties such as smallest in size, bio-ability, bio-compatibility and penetration capacity into a cell. The present study aims at synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using funicles extract of Acacia auriculiformis and tests its efficacy as antifilarial. Experimental evidence show that AgNPs are effective at a very low concentration compared to crude plant extracts. Synthesis of these nanoparticles is a single-step, biogenic, cost effective and eco-friendly process. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, SAED, FTIR, EDX, FESEM and Z-potential. The antifilarial efficacy of AgNPs was tested against different life cycle stages of bovine filarial parasite Setaria cervi by morphological study, motility assessment and viability assay. These nanoparticles are found to have antifilarial activity with LC50 of 5.61 μg/mL and LC90 of 15.54 μg/mL against microfilaria of S. cervi. The microscopic findings and the detailed molecular studies confirmed that green synthesized AgNPs were effective enough to induce apoptosis through up regulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species).
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Prasanta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: Synthetic Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Swadhin Kr
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Synthetic Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Pranesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: spsinhababu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Santi P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sinha Babu
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017182:Setaria Nematode / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012719:Setariasis / Q000469:parasitology; D012834:Silver; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver
keywords: Antifilarial activity; Apoptosis; Dose effective; Green synthesis; Reactive oxygen species; Silver nano-particles