title: An updated Italian normative dataset for the Stroop color word test (SCWT).
abstract: The Stroop color and word test (SCWT) is widely used to evaluate attention, information processing speed, selective attention, and cognitive flexibility. Normative values for the Italian population are available only for selected age groups, or for the short version of the test. The aim of this study was to provide updated normal values for the full version, balancing groups across gender, age decades, and education. Two kinds of indexes were derived from the performance of 192 normal subjects, divided by decade (from 20 to 90) and level of education (4 levels: 3-5; 6-8; 9-13; >13 years). They were (i) the correct answers achieved for each table in the first 30 s (word items, WI; color items, CI; color word items, CWI) and (ii) the total time required for reading the three tables (word time, WT; color time, CT; color word time, CWT). For each index, the regression model was evaluated using age, education, and gender as independent variables. The normative data were then computed following the equivalent scores method. In the regression model, age and education significantly influenced the performance in each of the 6 indexes, whereas gender had no significant effect. This study confirms the effect of age and education on the main indexes of the Stroop test and provides updated normative data for an Italian healthy population, well balanced across age, education, and gender. It will be useful to Italian researchers studying attentional functions in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Andrea.Brugnolo@unige.it.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brugnolo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Carli
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Accardo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychiatry, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bosia
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruzzaniti
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, IUSS Pavia, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cappa
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cocito
authors.affiliation: C.H. La Palmosa, Accueil de Jour Alzheimer, Centre Hospitalier La Palmosa, Menton Division of Neuroscience, Menton, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colazzo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychiatry, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghio
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychiatry, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mancardi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pardini
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rissotto
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serrati
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.|Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Girtler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D004522:Educational Status; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D057190:Stroop Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Executive functions; Italian normative dataset; SCWT; Selective attention