title: The Ameliorating Effect of Myrrh on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice.
abstract: Myrrh has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, gynecological diseases, and hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of myrrh resin (AEM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. AEM was estimated with (2E,5E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal as a representative constituent by HPLC. The oral administration of AEM for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test. In the passive avoidance task, AEM also restored the decreased latency time of the retention trial by scopolamine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry revealed that AEM reversed scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study demonstrates for the first time that AEM ameliorates the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hippocampus of mice brain. These results suggest that AEM has the therapeutic potential in memory impairments.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Samrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Du-Hyong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pariyar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chi-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Yoon
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., Jeonju 561-841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., Jeonju 561-841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Kwon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuncheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehyo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea ; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo