title: Dual role of arginine metabolism in establishing pathogenesis.
abstract: Arginine is an integral part of host defense when invading pathogens are encountered. The arginine metabolite nitric oxide (NO) confers antimicrobial properties, whereas the metabolite ornithine is utilized for polyamine synthesis. Polyamines are crucial to tissue repair and anti-inflammatory responses. iNOS/arginase balance can determine Th1/Th2 response. Furthermore, the host arginine pool and its metabolites are utilized as energy sources by various pathogens. Apart from its role as an immune modulator, recent studies have also highlighted the therapeutic effects of arginine. This article sheds light upon the roles of arginine metabolism during pathological conditions and its therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Mayuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gogoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Datey
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States. Electronic address: keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Electronic address: dipa@mcbl.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Dipshikha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chakravortty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D001119:Arginase