title: Gender differences in the association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study among Chinese adolescents.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms among adolescents, with a particular focus on gender differences. A total of 19,578 middle and high school students in Chongqing Province were surveyed. Self-reported cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, and family- and school-related factors were assessed. A total of 8.8% adolescents reported smoking cigarettes. Tobacco use by boys (16.5%) was significantly higher than by girls (1.9%). Approximately 23.5% of adolescents reported alcohol consumption. Consumption in boys (31.5%) was significantly higher than in girls (16.2%). Depressive symptoms were prevalent in 9.1% of the sample. Girls reported significantly more symptoms (10.4%) than boys (7.7%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the association between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms was stronger among girls (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.8-2.5) than boys (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-2.1). A significant association (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.6-3.4) between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms was revealed in girls only. The significant gender differences found above may provide a basis for the early identification of individuals at high risk for depression.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.|The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Epidemiology Research Unit, Clinical Trials Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Lingyao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Jianxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Centre for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
authors.forename: Ciyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking