title: Pediatric Biliary Interventions.
abstract: An interventional radiologist is frequently called to evaluate and treat biliary diseases in children; a tailored approach specific to this population is required. Imaging with an emphasis on minimizing ionizing radiation is used not only in the initial workup but also to guide interventions. The most common form of intervention generally consists of transhepatic biliary drainage to treat either biliary obstruction or bile leakage, a scenario frequently encountered after pediatric liver transplantation. Other pathologies referred for evaluation and management include biliary atresia and, rarely, symptomatic choledochal cysts. Biliary complications caused by an underlying malignancy are not a frequently encountered problem in the pediatric population. The initial evaluation, role of preprocedural imaging, and interventional management with an emphasis on technique are discussed regarding these common biliary pathologies in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Atchie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
authors.forename: Sanjeeva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalva
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Health Dallas, Dallas, TX. Electronic address: Shellie.Josephs@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Shellie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Josephs
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: biliary atresia; biliary interventions; cholangiogram; cholecystogram; liver transplantation