title: Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Brachiaria brizantha.
abstract: The genus Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. belongs to the family Poaceae, order Poales, class Monocotyledonae. In Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf., embryogenic callus can be induced from seeds from apomictic plants, which results in high frequency somatic embryo development and plant regeneration. We report here a detailed protocol for callus induction from apomictic seed; followed by in vitro morphogenesis (somatic embryo and bud differentiation), plant regeneration, and acclimatization in the greenhouse. Important details regarding the positioning of seeds for callus induction and precautions to avoid endophytic contamination and the occurrence of albino plants are presented.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, S/N final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil. glaucia.cabral@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Glaucia B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, S/N final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera T C
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, S/N final W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diva M A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dusi
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, CENA, Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martinelli
mesh_terms: D060832:Apomixis / Q000235:genetics*; D002146:Bony Callus / Q000254:growth & development; D035201:Brachiaria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Albino plants; Apomixis; Caryopses; Endophyte contamination; Forage grass; In vitro culture; Monocot