title: The Emerging Role and Promise of Biomarkers in Penile Cancer.
abstract: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, which can be a source of devastating psychosexual distress because of its implication on sexual function and self-image. Current penile staging relies on invasive techniques and is often inaccurate. The authors review the promising biomarkers currently under investigation and their application to the staging and prognosis of penile cancer. Further development of such biomarkers provides the potential of improved clinical management of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vuichoud
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klap
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: KLOUGHLIN@PARTNERS.ORG.
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Loughlin
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Biomarkers; Molecular; Penile; Prognostic; Squamous cell carcinoma