title: Decreased lung function in 7-year-old children with early-life organophosphate exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organophosphate pesticides are heavily used in agriculture, and adverse associations with respiratory health in occupational settings have been reported. However, most of the evidence comes from studies where there were no biomarkers of exposure and no objective outcome measurement. Non-occupational chronic effects among residents living in agricultural communities are less well described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate associations between early-life organophosphate exposure and lung function of children living in an agricultural community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 279 children from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) longitudinal birth cohort. The area under the curve for organophosphate exposure was determined by urinary diethyl and dimethyl dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides, which were measured five times during childhood (6-60 months). Spirometry was performed at age 7 years. Regression models controlled for maternal smoking during pregnancy, season of birth, particulate matter concentrations with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), breast feeding duration, mould and pets at home, distance of home from a highway, food insecurity, maternal education, season of spirometry, sex, height and technician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood diethyl, dimethyl and total dialkylphosphate concentrations were associated with significant decreases in lung function at age 7. Specifically, we found lower FEV1, (L/s) (ß=-0.16, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.02, p=0.03) and FVC (L) (ß=-0.17, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.01, p=0.06) per 10-fold increase of total dialkylphosphate levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early-life organophosphate exposure as assessed by dialkylphosphate concentrations was adversely associated with 7-year-old children's lung function.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raanan
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Divison of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Balmes
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kim G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Harley
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gunier
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magzamen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradman
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eskenazi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013147:Spirometry; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Paediatric Lung Disaese