title: Association of depressive symptoms with allodynia in patients with migraine: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: Aims Migraine and depression have a strong association. We aimed to determine whether this relationship was particularly evident in migraineurs with allodynia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out of 98 consecutive patients with episodic migraine presenting for their first evaluation in an outpatient clinic. The participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Allodynia Symptom Checklist and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Among the migraineurs, 75 (77%) reported allodynia. Allodynia was associated with higher median HADS-Anxiety (9 vs. 6, p = 0.038) and HADS-Depression (6 vs. 4, p = 0.014) scores. In a multiple regression model, the HADS-Depression scores were independently associated with allodynia (odds ratio 1.236, 95% confidence interval 1.046-1.461). An increased severity of allodynia correlated with higher depression scores ( r = 0.224; p = 0.027). Conclusion Anxious and depressive symptoms are more common in migraineurs with allodynia than in those without allodynia. Further studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms and allodynia, as well as its therapeutic implications in migraine.
authors.affiliation: 1 Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.|2 CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marcelo D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: 1 Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.affiliation: 1 Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.|2 CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viana-Baptista
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Migraine; allodynia; depression; pain