title: Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy; which is better: Transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was a prospective study to compare the outcome of laparoscopic transperitoneal ureterolithotomy (LTU) with laparoscopic retroperitoneal ureterolithotomy (LRU) as a primary treatment for a large stone in the proximal ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 patients with a solitary, large (>1.5 cm), and impacted stone in the proximal ureter was selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first group included 13 patients who were treated by LTU, and the second group included 11 patients who were treated by LRU. Patient demographics and stone characteristics as well as the operative and postoperative data of both groups were compared and statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding patient demographics and stone characteristics. The mean operative time was significantly shorter in the LTU group than in the LRU group [116.2±21.8 min vs 137.3±17.9 min, respectively (p=0.02)]. The mean time to oral intake was significantly longer in the LTU group than in the LRU group [21.2±4.9 h vs 15.5±2.8 h, respectively (p=0.002)]. There was significant higher rate (27.3%) of changing to open surgery in LRU (p=0.04). The stone-free rate was significantly higher in the LTU group than in the LRU group [100% vs. 72.8%, respectively (p=0.03)]. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean blood loss, mean hospital stay, mean analgesia dose, blood transfusion rate, postoperative fever, and stone migration during surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both approaches of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy are effective in treating large impacted stones in the proximal ureter. LTU has significantly shorter operative time and lower rate of open conversion but has a significantly longer time to oral intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rabea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shabieb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdel-Baky
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohey
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebaey
keywords: Laparoscopy; retroperitoneal; transperitoneal; ureterolithotomy