title: Association between the seminal plasma proteome and sperm functional traits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the seminal plasma proteome and biological functions associated with sperm functional alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University andrology and research laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 156 normozoospermic men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, and DNA fragmentation were evaluated in a semen aliquot. Remaining semen was centrifuged, and seminal plasma was utilized for proteomic analysis (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Patients were divided into percentiles (15%) to form the following groups: substudy 1, high (control, n = 26) and low (study, n = 23) sperm mitochondrial activity; substudy 2, high (control, n = 23) and low (study, n = 22) sperm acrosome integrity; and substudy 3, low (control, n = 22) and high (study, n = 22) sperm DNA fragmentation. Groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Differentially expressed proteins were used for functional enrichment analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seminal plasma proteome and postgenomic pathways are associated with several sperm functional traits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 506, 493, and 464 proteins were observed in substudies 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Enriched functions in substudy 1 were intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, aminoglycans catabolism, endopeptidases inhibition, lysosomes, and acute-phase response (study group). In substudy 2, main enriched functions were phospholipase inhibition, arachidonic acid metabolism, exocytosis, regulation of acute inflammation, response to hydrogen peroxide, and lysosomal transport (study group). In substudy 3, enriched functions were prostaglandin biosynthesis and fatty acid binding (study group). We proposed eight, six, and eight seminal biomarkers for substudies 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seminal plasma proteome reflects sperm mitochondrial activity reduction, acrosome damage, and DNA fragmentation, with several postgenomic functions related to these alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Intasqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Pereira
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Antoniassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agnaldo Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cedenho
authors.affiliation: Fleury Group, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdemir Melechco
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Fleury Group, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Helena Morais
authors.initials: KHM
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Suslik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zylbersztejn
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: rbertolla@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo Pimenta
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bertolla
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism*; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins
keywords: Acrosome; DNA damage; mitochondria; proteomics; semen