title: Molecular Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer with Antibodies.
abstract: Development of novel imaging probes for cancer diagnostics remains critical for early detection of disease, yet most imaging agents are hindered by suboptimal tumor accumulation. To overcome these limitations, researchers have adapted antibodies for imaging purposes. As cancerous malignancies express atypical patterns of cell surface proteins in comparison to noncancerous tissues, novel antibody-based imaging agents can be constructed to target individual cancer cells or surrounding vasculature. Using molecular imaging techniques, these agents may be utilized for detection of malignancies and monitoring of therapeutic response. Currently, there are several imaging modalities commonly employed for molecular imaging. These imaging modalities include positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, optical imaging (fluorescence and bioluminescence), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. While antibody-based imaging agents may be employed for a broad range of diseases, this review focuses on the molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer, as there are limited resources for imaging and treatment of pancreatic malignancies. Additionally, pancreatic cancer remains the most lethal cancer with an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 7%, despite significant advances in the imaging and treatment of many other cancers. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer using antibody-based imaging agents. This task is accomplished by summarizing the current progress in each type of molecular imaging modality described above. Also, several considerations for designing and synthesizing novel antibody-based imaging agents are discussed. Lastly, the future directions of antibody-based imaging agents are discussed, emphasizing the potential applications for personalized medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: England
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.
authors.forename: Reinier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.
authors.forename: Savo Bou Zein
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Eddine
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.|Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States.|University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States.
authors.forename: Weibo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies
keywords: antibodies; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); molecular imaging; optical imaging; pancreatic cancer; photoacoustic tomography (PAT); positron emission tomography (PET); single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)