title: Nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase reduces adipose inflammation in obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An intimate association exists between oxidative stress and inflammation. Because adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is intricately linked to metabolic disorders, it was hypothesized that reducing oxidative stress would be effective in ameliorating AT inflammation in obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks followed by a 2-week treatment with nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (NanoSOD). The mice were divided into: 1) chow diet, 2) HF, and 3) HF + NanoSOD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HF + NanoSOD-treated mice showed a significant decrease in plasma and liver triglycerides when compared with HF-fed mice. Interestingly, NanoSOD reduced the expression of macrophage and inflammatory markers in visceral AT (VAT) and stromal cells derived from VAT. Moreover, the activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways, in particular, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases, was blunted in VAT on NanoSOD treatment. However, markers of oxidative stress were not altered significantly in the HF + NanoSOD group in the experimental conditions. Pretreatment of either macrophages or adipocytes significantly reduced the inflammatory response invoked in an in vitro coculture system, further supporting the role of NanoSOD in inhibiting obesity-linked inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This data suggest that NanoSOD is effective not only in reducing AT macrophage accumulation and AT inflammation but also in promoting triglyceride metabolism in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perriotte-Olson
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adi
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Devika S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Manickam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Westwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Cyrus V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Desouza
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Gopalakrishnan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crook
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kabanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.|Research Service, Veterans Administration Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saraswathi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases