title: Fetal Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Beyond Morphology.
abstract: The recent technological advancement of fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences allowed the inclusion of diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and proton MR spectroscopy in prenatal imaging protocols. These methods provide information beyond morphology and hold the key to improving several fields of human neuroscience and clinical diagnostics. Our review introduces the fundamental works that enabled these imaging techniques, and also highlights the most recent contributions to this emerging field of prenatal diagnostics, such as the structural and functional connectomic approach. We introduce the advanced image processing approaches that are extensively used to tackle fetal or maternal movement-related image artifacts, and which are necessary for the optimal interpretation of such imaging data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab (CIR), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: andras.jakab@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakab
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pogledic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab (CIR), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Systematic Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brugger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab (CIR), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Langs
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schöpf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kasprian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prayer
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers