title: Social Media Use and Perceived Emotional Support Among US Young Adults.
abstract: Low emotional support is associated with poor health outcomes. Engagement with face-to-face social networks is one way of increasing emotional support. However, it is not yet known whether engagement with proliferating electronic social networks is similarly associated with increased emotional support. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess associations between social media use and perceived emotional support in a large, nationally-representative sample. In October 2014, we collected data from 1796 U.S. adults ages 19-32. We assessed social media use using both total time spent and frequency of visits to each of the 11 most popular social media platforms. Our dependent variable was perceived emotional support as measured by the brief Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) emotional support scale. A multivariable model including all sociodemographic covariates and accounting for survey weights demonstrated that, compared with the lowest quartile of time on social media, being in the highest quartile (spending two or more hours per day) was significantly associated with decreased odds of having higher perceived emotional support (AOR 0.62, 95 % CI 0.40, 0.94). However, compared with those in the lowest quartile, being in the highest quartile regarding frequency of social media use was not significantly associated with perceived emotional support (AOR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.45, 1.09). In conclusion, while the cross-sectional nature of these data hinder inference regarding directionality, it seems that heavy users of social media may actually feel less and not more emotional support.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. shensaa@upmc.edu.|Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, 230 McKee Place Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. shensaa@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shensa
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, 230 McKee Place Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sidani
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Liu Yi
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Studies, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, 230 McKee Place Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.|Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Primack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D061108:Social Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Emotional support; Nationally-representative data; PROMIS (patient reported outcomes measurement information system); Social media; Social networks; Young adults