title: Hydrogel-laden paper scaffold system for origami-based tissue engineering.
abstract: In this study, we present a method for assembling biofunctionalized paper into a multiform structured scaffold system for reliable tissue regeneration using an origami-based approach. The surface of a paper was conformally modified with a poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) layer via initiated chemical vapor deposition followed by the immobilization of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and deposition of Ca(2+). This procedure ensures the formation of alginate hydrogel on the paper due to Ca(2+) diffusion. Furthermore, strong adhesion of the alginate hydrogel on the paper onto the paper substrate was achieved due to an electrostatic interaction between the alginate and PLL. The developed scaffold system was versatile and allowed area-selective cell seeding. Also, the hydrogel-laden paper could be folded freely into 3D tissue-like structures using a simple origami-based method. The cylindrically constructed paper scaffold system with chondrocytes was applied into a three-ring defect trachea in rabbits. The transplanted engineered tissues replaced the native trachea without stenosis after 4 wks. As for the custom-built scaffold system, the hydrogel-laden paper system will provide a robust and facile method for the formation of tissues mimicking native tissue constructs.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Su-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Hak Rae
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Seung Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Min-Eui
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Doh Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Soo Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Mi-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Tae-Ik
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Taek-Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; nshwang@snu.ac.kr otolarynx@snuh.org sgim@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seong Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; nshwang@snu.ac.kr otolarynx@snuh.org sgim@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Gap
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea nshwang@snu.ac.kr otolarynx@snuh.org sgim@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Nathaniel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000637:transplantation; D019245:Compressive Strength; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008970:Molecular Weight; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D010209:Paper; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008298:Maleates; D011137:Polystyrenes; C521900:poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride); D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: hydrogel; initiated chemical vapor deposition; origami; paper scaffolds; tissue engineering