title: Rigidifying Nonplanar Perylene Diimides by Ring Fusion Toward Geometry-Tunable Acceptors for High-Performance Fullerene-Free Solar Cells.
abstract: Rigid fused perylene diimide (PDI) dimers bridged with heterocycles exhibit superior photovoltaic performance compared to their unfused semiflexible analogues. Changing the chalcogen atoms in the aromatic bridges gradually increases the twist angles between the two PDI planes, leading to a varied morphology in which the one bridged by thiophene achieves a balance and shows the best efficiency of 6.72%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Chen-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Chu-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chueh
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Jung-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ade
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Alex K-Y
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jen
keywords: fused rings; nonfullerene acceptors; organic photovoltaics; perylene diimides; power conversion efficiency