title: Emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm.
abstract: Ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in Europe. Recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. Appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integrated view that embraces the 'pathobiome'; the pathogenic agent integrated within its abiotic and biotic environments. In this review, we will explore how this new vision will revolutionize our understanding of tick-borne diseases. We will discuss the implications in terms of future research approaches that will enable us to efficiently prevent and control the threat posed by ticks.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, ENVA Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vayssier-Taussat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazimirova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hubalek
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology & Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hornok
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology & Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, ENVA Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cosson
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, ENVA Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 346 Epidémiologie Animale, Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Gwenaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vourch
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 346 Epidémiologie Animale, Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gasqui
authors.affiliation: University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Department of Parasitology & Parasitic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Andrei Daniel
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mihalca
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1300 BioEpAR, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Plantard
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silaghi
authors.affiliation: University of East London, School of Health, Sport & Bioscience, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research & Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Annapaola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Ixodes ricinus; co-infections; emerging diseases; new paradigm; next-generation sequencing; pathobiome; unknown pathogens; vector competence; zoonoses