title: The characteristics of posttraumatic syringomyelia.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the characteristics of posttraumatic symptomatic syringomyelia after spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient database was screened for patients diagnosed with posttraumatic syringomyelia. Syrinx characteristics were determined on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of age, injury level, injury severity and syrinx location on early syrinx formation, syrinx length and syrinx extending cranial to the lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data of 138 patients were analyzed. The majority of the patients (78.3%) suffered from motor and sensory complete SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A). Syringomyelia was diagnosed a median 15.0 years after SCI at a median age of 42 years. The cervical spine was involved in >57% of the patients, and syringomyelia extended over a median seven vertebral levels. Complete SCI (P=0.035) and age (P=0.001) were significant predictors of early syrinx formation. Syringomyelia occurred significantly earlier in older (>30 years) patients (P⩽0.002) and those with complete SCI (P=0.027) compared with younger patients (⩽30 years) and those with incomplete SCI (AIS B-D), respectively. Age, injury level, injury severity (AIS A) and syrinx location did not have any significant (P>0.9) effect on syrinx extending cranially or syrinx length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posttraumatic syringomyelia mainly occurs in patients with complete SCI (AIS A) and involves the cervical spine in 6 of the 10 patients. Patients with complete SCI and those age >30 years have an increased risk of syrinx formation within 5 years after injury.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.affiliation: Swiss Paraplegics Association, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frotzler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D013557:Switzerland; D013595:Syringomyelia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult