title: Pfcrt Gene in Plasmodium falciparum Field Isolates from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of different species of Plasmodium and haplotypes of pfcrt in Plasmodium falciparum from the selected area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 10,372 blood films of suspected malarial patients were examined microscopically from rural health center Sinawan, district Muzaffargarh, Pakistan from November 2008 to November 2010. P. falciparum positive samples (both whole blood and FTA blood spotted cards) were used for DNA extraction. Nested PCR was used to amplify the pfcrt (codon 72-76) gene fragment. Sequencing was carried out to find the haplotypes in the amplified fragment of pfcrt gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over all slide positivity rate (SPR), P. vivax and P. falciparum positivity rate was 21.40 %, 19.37 % and 2.03% respectively. FTA blood spotted cards were equally efficient in the blood storage for PCR and sequencing. Analysis of sequencing results of pfcrt showed only one type of haplotype SagtVMNT (AGTGTAATGAATACA) from codon 72-76 in all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show high prevalence of CQ resistance and AQ resistant genes. AQ is not recommended to be used as a partner drug in ACT in this locality, so as to ward off future catastrophes.
authors.affiliation: Lab of Parasitology, Zoology Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sumrin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahar
authors.affiliation: Lab of Parasitology, Zoology Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Akhtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanveer
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Medical Entomology and Disease Vector Control, Health Services Academy, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hazrat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.affiliation: Medical Entomology and Disease Vector Control, Health Services Academy, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muhammad Saleem
keywords: Malaria; Pakistan; Resistance; pfcrt