title: Detection of Bone Metastases Using 11C-Acetate PET in Patients with Prostate Cancer with Biochemical Recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of (11)C-acetate positron-emission tomography (PET) in the detection of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients (100%) with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (>0.2 ng/ml) after radical prostatectomy, who had both (11)C-acetate PET and bone scan performed and who had clinical follow-up/imaging follow-up for bone metastasis, considered a gold standard, were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for (11)C-acetate PET were calculated on a per-patient basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (11)C-Acetate PET and (99m)Tc-dicarboxypropane-diphosphonate findings were concordant in 84 (93.3%) patients [35 (38.9%) true-positive, 49 (54.4%) true-negative]. Discordant findings were observed in six patients (6.7%). (11)C-Acetate PET presented two (2.2%) false-positive and four (4.4%) false-negative findings. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for (11)C-acetate PET were 89.7%, 96.1%, 94.6%, and 92.2%, respectively. The median PSA of patients with multiple skeletal metastases (median=23.64 ng/ml, range=3.16-551.1 ng/ml) differed significantly (p=0.018) from that of patients with focal metastases (median=6.7 ng/ml, range=0.31-12.8 ng/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (11)C-Acetate PET is a useful tool for patients with prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence, as it can depict multiple sites of recurrence and in particularly shows a high diagnostic value equivalent to that of bone scan for the detection of bone metastases.
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spick
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Polanec
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitterhauser
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wadsak
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anner
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reiterits
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.affiliation: PET-CT Center Linz, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beheshti
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria georgios.karanikas@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karanikas
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C438206:carbon-11 acetate; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Bone metastases; PET; acelate; prostate cancer