title: The global prevalence of HFE and non-HFE hemochromatosis estimated from analysis of next-generation sequencing data.
abstract: The prevalence of HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) among European populations has been well studied. There are no prevalence data for atypical forms of HH caused by mutations in HFE2, HAMP, TFR2, or SLC40A1. The purpose of this study was to estimate the population prevalence of these non-HFE forms of HH.
  
  
  
  A list of HH pathogenic variants in publically available next-generation sequence (NGS) databases was compiled and allele frequencies were determined.
  
  
  
  Of 161 variants previously associated with HH, 43 were represented among the NGS data sets; an additional 40 unreported functional variants also were identified. The predicted prevalence of HFE HH and the p.Cys282Tyr mutation closely matched previous estimates from similar populations. Of the non-HFE forms of iron overload, TFR2-, HFE2-, and HAMP-related forms are predicted to be rare, with pathogenic allele frequencies in the range of 0.00007 to 0.0005. Significantly, SLC40A1 variants that have been previously associated with autosomal-dominant ferroportin disease were identified in several populations (pathogenic allele frequency 0.0004), being most prevalent among Africans.
  
  
  
  We have, for the first time, estimated the population prevalence of non-HFE HH. This methodology could be applied to estimate the population prevalence of a wide variety of genetic disorders.Genet Med 18 6, 618-626.
authors.affiliation: Membrane Transport Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Membrane Transport Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.|Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: V Nathan
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein / Q000235:genetics; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000235:genetics*; D000098742:Ferroportin
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C578702:HAMP protein, human; C103673:HFE protein, human; C481006:HJV protein, human; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D064451:Hepcidins; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; C503640:TFR2 protein, human; D000098742:Ferroportin