title: Electrophysiological Neuroimaging using sLORETA Comparing 22 Age Matched Male and Female Schizophrenia Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this electrophysiological neuroimaging study was to provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of both olanzapine and risperidone pharmacodynamics relative to gender. In doing so, we age-matched 22 men and women and evaluated their resting-state EEG recordings and later used standard low resolution brain Electrotomography to visualize the differences in brain activity amongst the two patient groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this investigation, electroencephalogram (EEG) data were analyzed from male and female schizophrenia patients treated with either olanzapine or risperidone, both atypical antipsychotics, during their in-patient stay at the Department of Psychiatry. Twenty-two males and females were age-matched and EEG recordings were analyzed from 19 Ag/AgCl electrodes. Thirty-seconds of resting EEG were spectrally transformed in standardized low resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). 3D statistical non-paramentric maps for the sLORETA Global Field Power within each band were finally computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that, relative to males patients, females schizophrenia patients had increased neuronal synchronization in delta frequency, slow-wave, EEG band located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, within the middle frontal gyrus (t= -2.881, p < 0.03580). These findings suggest that females experience greater dopamine (D2) receptor and serotonin (5-HT2) receptor neuronal blockade relative to age-matched males. Further, our finding provided insight to the pharmacodynamics of second-generation antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared to male patients, female patients, suffering from schizophrenia, have D2 and 5-HT2 receptors that are blocked more readily than age-matched male schizophrenia patients. Clinically, this may translate into a quicker time to treatment-response in females as compared to male patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Gonda 19, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Andy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Eugene
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Gluska 1 (SPSK Nr 1), Lublin 20-439, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Systems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka Street, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kapica
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Gluska 1 (SPSK Nr 1), Lublin 20-439, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Gonda 19, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weinshilboum
keywords: EEG; dopamine; pharmacodynamics; sLORETA; schizophrenia; serotonin