title: Flexible opto-electronics enabled microfluidics systems with cloud connectivity for point-of-care micronutrient analysis.
abstract: In developing countries, the deployment of medical diagnostic technologies remains a challenge because of infrastructural limitations (e.g. refrigeration, electricity), and paucity of health professionals, distribution centers and transportation systems. Here we demonstrate the technical development and clinical testing of a novel electronics enabled microfluidic paper-based analytical device (EE-μPAD) for quantitative measurement of micronutrient concentrations in decentralized, resource-limited settings. The system performs immune-detection using paper-based microfluidics, instrumented with flexible electronics and optoelectronic sensors in a mechanically robust, ultrathin format comparable in size to a credit card. Autonomous self-calibration, plasma separation, flow monitoring, timing and data storage enable multiple devices to be run simultaneously. Measurements are wirelessly transferred to a mobile phone application that geo-tags the data and transmits it to a remote server for real time tracking of micronutrient deficiencies. Clinical tests of micronutrient levels from whole blood samples (n=95) show comparable sensitivity and specificity to ELISA-based tests. These results demonstrate instantaneous acquisition and global aggregation of diagnostics data using a fully integrated point of care system that will enable rapid and distributed surveillance of disease prevalence and geographical progression.
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Electronic address: slee@mc10inc.com.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aranyosi
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics for All, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics for All, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
authors.forename: Ji Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics for All, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics for All, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garlock
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics for All, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubasti
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seagers
authors.affiliation: MC10 Inc., 10 Maguire Road, Bldg 3, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Electronic address: rghaffari@mc10inc.com.
authors.forename: Roozbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics for All, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Electronic address: cswanson@dfa.org.
authors.forename: Christina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D040421:Cell Phone; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: Diagnostic; Flexible microelectronics; Micronutrients; Near field communication; Paper microfluidic assay; Point-of-care