title: A galectin related protein from Oplegnathus fasciatus: Genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens.
abstract: Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. Here, we report a novel galectin related protein (GRP) identified from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), designated OfGal like B. The cDNA of OfGal like B is 517 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). However, only two of the seven critical residues responsible for carbohydrate recognition were identified in the CRD. There was no signal peptide identified in the OfGal like B protein. The genomic structure of OfGal like B, determined using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic library, consists of four exons and three introns. Homology assessment, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that OfGal like B is an evolutionarily conserved lectin that is closely related to the proto-type galectins. OfGal like B mRNA was constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues in healthy rock breams. When challenged with bacterial or viral stimulants, OfGal like B was up-regulated in the gills and spleen of rock breams, indicating that it likely plays an important role during bacterial and viral infections. Furthermore, recombinant OfGal like B (rOfGal like B) lacked carbohydrate-binding activity but was able to recognize and agglutinate bacteria, including Streptococcus iniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio tapetis, Escherichia coli, and Edwardsiella tarda, and a ciliate parasite, Miamiensis avidus. These results collectively suggest that OfGal like B is involved in pathogen recognition and plays a significant role(s) in the innate defense mechanism of rock bream.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: William Shanthakumar
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Thulasitha
authors.affiliation: Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ilson
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Navaneethaiyer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umasuthan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Sil
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mothishri
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seongdo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje, 656-842, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jehee@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jehee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification; D037161:Galectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D037161:Galectins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Agglutination; Galectin-related proteins; Innate immunity; Pattern recognition receptors