title: High-fat-diet-induced obesity is associated with decreased antiinflammatory Lactobacillus reuteri sensitive to oxidative stress in mouse Peyer's patches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diet-induced inflammation in the small intestine may represent an early event that precedes and predisposes to obesity and insulin resistance. This is related to decrease of lactobacilli in Peyer's patches (PP) revealed in our previous study. The present study aimed to clarify specific changes of PP Lactobacillus on the strain level and related biological activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57 BL/6 J male mice were fed with either low-fat diet (control [CT]; 10% calories from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD; 50% calories from fat) for 25 wk, and the HFD-fed mice were classified into obesity prone (OP) or obesity resistant (OR) on the basis of their body weight gain. Lactobacillus was isolated from PP using a selective medium. Oxidative resistance and cytokine-inducing effect were analyzed in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained 52, 18, and 22 isolates from CT, OP, and OR mice, respectively. They belonged to 13 different types according to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR analysis. Lactobacillus reuteri was the most abundant strain, but its abundance in OP mice was much lower than that in CT and OR mice. This strain includes eight subgroups according to genotyping. L. reuteri L3 and L. reuteri L8 were the specific strains found in CT and OP mice, respectively. Oxidative-resistant L. reuteri was much higher in HFD-fed mice. When co-cultured with PP cells, L8 induced higher production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas L3 induced higher production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HFD may induce oxidative stress that drives strain selection of Lactobacillus strains, resulting in decreased anti-inflammatory response in PP.
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China. Electronic address: sunj@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Functional Factors Research Center, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Le
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005838:Genotype; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000382:microbiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12
keywords: Anti-inflammatory response; Diet-induced obesity; High-fat diet; Lactobacillus reuteri; Peyer's patches