title: Calibration and Characterization of Autonomous Recorders Used in the Measurement of Underwater Noise.
abstract: The use of autonomous recorders is motivated by the need to monitor underwater noise, such as in response to the requirements of the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The performance of these systems is a crucial factor governing the quality of the measured data, providing traceability for future underwater noise-monitoring programs aimed at the protection of the marine environment from anthropogenic noise. In this paper, a discussion is presented of measurement methodologies for the key acoustic performance characteristics of the recorders, including self-noise, dynamic range, and the absolute sensitivity as a function of frequency of the hydrophone and recorder system.
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK. gary.hayman@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK. stephen.robinson@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Underwater Acoustics Group, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. p.a.lepper@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepper
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002138:Calibration; D009622:Noise; D012623:Seawater
keywords: Calibration; Noise measurement