title: Molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases using cytological specimens.
abstract: Pathologists have an important role in the diagnosis of infectious disease (ID). In many cases, a definitive diagnosis can be made using cytopathology alone. However, several ancillary techniques can be used on cytological material to reach a specific diagnosis by identifying the causative agent and consequently defining the management of the patient. This review aims to present the effectiveness of the application of molecular studies on cytological material to diagnose IDs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various molecular techniques according to the type of cytological specimen and the infectious agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canberk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.|Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.|Molecular Oncology Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adhemar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longatto-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medicine, Laboratoire National De Sante, Dudelange, Luxembourg.|Instituto De Patologia E Imunologia Molecular Da Universidade Do Porto (IPATIMUP) E Faculdade De Medicina Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*
keywords: fine-needle aspiration cytology; gynecological cytology; infectious disease; molecular methods; non-gynecological cytology