title: Treatment and Diagnosis of Panner's Disease. A Report of Three Cases.
abstract: Avascular necrosis of the humeral capitellum (Panner's disease), a relatively rare disorder in the juvenile. We diagnosed three patients using radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging, who were previously misdiagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. All patients were successfully treated by restriction of sports activities using the upper extremities. It is often difficult to distinguish Panner's disease from osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. Panner's disease has been reported to occur in boys between 7 and 10 years old, which is younger than susceptible age of osteochondritis dissecans. In MRI, low intensity area in the ossification center of the humeral capitellum in T1-weighted image is useful findings for diagnosis. For the treatment, the conservative treatment has been recommended in the early stage of Panner's disease, while surgical intervention is required in some cases of osteochondritis dissecans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawasaki Hospital, 3-3-1 Higashiyama-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 652-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomatsuri
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokubu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mifune
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D001484:Baseball; D002648:Child; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000175:diagnosis; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography
keywords: Avascular Necrosis; Humeral Capitellum; Little League Elbow; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Panner's Disease