title: Thalamic inflammation after brain trauma is associated with thalamo-cortical white matter damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic brain injury can trigger chronic neuroinflammation, which may predispose to neurodegeneration. Animal models and human pathological studies demonstrate persistent inflammation in the thalamus associated with axonal injury, but this relationship has never been shown in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using [(11)C]-PK11195 positron emission tomography, a marker of microglial activation, we previously demonstrated thalamic inflammation up to 17 years after traumatic brain injury. Here, we use diffusion MRI to estimate axonal injury and show that thalamic inflammation is correlated with thalamo-cortical tract damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a link between axonal damage and persistent inflammation after brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hellyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Anil F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ramlackhansingh
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK. david.sharp@imperial.ac.uk.|Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, 3rd Floor, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. david.sharp@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*