title: Three New Species of Phytotelm-Breeding Melanophryniscus from the Atlantic Rainforest of Southern Brazil (Anura: Bufonidae).
abstract: Three new species of Melanophryniscus are described from the Serra do Mar mountain range of the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. All species are found at intermediate to high altitudes and share phytotelm-breeding as their reproductive strategy. The new species are distinguished from other phytotelm-breeding Melanophryniscus based on different combinations of the following traits: snout-vent length, presence of white and/or yellow spots on forearms, mouth, belly and cloaca, pattern and arrangement of warts, and presence and number of corneous spines. The discovery of these species in a rather restricted geographical area suggests that the diversity of phytotelm-breeding species of Melanophryniscus might be severely underestimated. The conservation status of these species is of particular concern, given that one of them is at risk of extinction not only due to its restricted habitat, but also because of anthropogenic disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.|Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bornschein
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Firkowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.|Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.|Escola de Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belmonte-Lopes
authors.affiliation: Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morato
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.|Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D001947:Breeding; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology; D017753:Ecosystem; D005843:Geography; D010802:Phylogeny; D065947:Rainforest; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity