title: Genome-wide expression profiles of Pyropia haitanensis in response to osmotic stress by using deep sequencing technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pyropia haitanensis is an economically important marine crop grown in harsh intertidal habitats of southern China; it is also an excellent model system for studying mechanisms of stress tolerance. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying osmotic tolerance and adaptation to intertidal environments, a comprehensive analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles in response to dehydration and rehydration in Py. haitanensis was undertaken using digital gene expression profile (DGE) approaches combined with de novo transcriptome sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RNA-sequencing of the pooled RNA samples from different developmental phases and stress treatments was performed, which generated a total of 47.7 million clean reads. These reads were de novo assembled into 28,536 unigenes (≥ 200 bp), of which 18,217 unigenes (63.83 %) were annotated in at least one reference database. DGE analysis was performed on four treatments (two biological replicates per treatment), which included moderate dehydration, severe dehydration, rehydration, and normal conditions. The number of raw reads per sample ranged from 12.47 to 15.79 million, with an average of 14.69 million reads per sample. After quality filtering, the number of clean reads per sample ranged from 11.83 to 15.04 million. All distinct sequencing reads were annotated using the transcriptome of Py. haitanensis as reference. A total of 1,681 unigenes showed significant differential expression between moderate dehydration and normal conditions, in which 977 genes were upregulated, and 704 genes were downregulated. Between severe dehydration and normal conditions, 1,993 unigenes showed significantly altered expression, which included both upregulated (1,219) and downregulated genes (774). In addition, 1,086 differentially expressed genes were detected between rehydration and normal conditions, of which 720 genes were upregulated and 366 unigenes were downregulated. Most gene expression patterns in response to dehydration differed from that of rehydration, except for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, several transcription factor families, and molecular chaperones that have been collectively implicated in the processes of dehydration and rehydration in Py. haitanensis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these data provide a global high-resolution analysis of gene expression changes during osmotic stress that could potentially serve as a key resource for understanding the biology of osmotic acclimation in intertidal red seaweed.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. liwang@dlnu.edu.cn.|Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China. liwang@dlnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. yxmao@ouc.edu.cn.|Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China. yxmao@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yunxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. fnkong@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fanna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. caominjiayou@163.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. sunpei0819@163.com.
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics