title: Comparative analysis of the in vitro cytotoxicity of the dietary biogenic amines tyramine and histamine.
abstract: Tyramine and histamine, the most toxic biogenic amines (BA), are often found in high concentrations in certain foods. Prompted by the limited knowledge of BA toxicity, and increasing awareness of the risks associated with high intakes of dietary BA, the in vitro cytotoxicity of tyramine and histamine was investigated. Tyramine and histamine were toxic for HT29 intestinal cell cultures at concentrations commonly found in BA-rich food, as determined by real-time cell analysis. Surprisingly, tyramine had a stronger and more rapid cytotoxic effect than histamine. Their mode of action was also different, while tyramine caused cell necrosis, histamine induced apoptosis. To avoid health risks, the BA content of foods should be reduced and legal limits established for tyramine.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: daniml@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Linares
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: beadelrio@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: del Rio
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: bredruel@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redruello
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: ladero@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ladero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: mcm@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: M Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: mfernandez@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: ruas-madiedo@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruas-Madiedo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain. Electronic address: maag@ipla.csic.es.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005504:Food Analysis; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D014439:Tyramine / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D006632:Histamine; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: Biogenic amines; Cytotoxicity; Food security; Histamine; Histamine (PubChem CID: 5818); Tyramine; Tyramine (PubChem CID: 66449)