title: Hypoxia is associated with a lower expression of genes involved in lipogenesis in visceral adipose tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A key role for HIF-1α in the promotion and maintenance of dietary obesity has been proposed. We analyzed the association between hypoxia and de novo lipogenesis in human adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression in fasting status in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from non-obese and morbidly obese subjects, and in VAT from wild-type and ob/ob C57BL6J mice in both fasting and feeding status. We also analyzed the effect of hypoxia on the VAT mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIF-1α was increased in VAT from morbidly obese subjects. In fasting status, C57BL6J ob/ob mice had a higher VAT HIF-1α mRNA expression than C57BL6J wild-type mice. In feeding status, VAT HIF-1α mRNA expression significantly increased in C57BL6J wild-type, but not in C57BL6J ob/ob mice. In humans, HIF-1α mRNA expression correlated positively with body mass index and insulin resistance. VAT HIF-1α mRNA expression correlated negatively with ACC1, PDHB and SIRT3 mRNA expression, and positively with PPAR-γ. VAT explants incubated in hypoxia showed reduced SIRT3 and increased PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, ACLY, ACC1 and FASN mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morbidly obese subjects have a higher level of VAT HIF-1α. Postprandial status is associated with an increase in HIF-1α mRNA expression in C57BL6J wild-type mice. Hypoxia alters the mRNA expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis in human VAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. edugf1@gmail.com.|CIBEROBN, Institute of Health Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. edugf1@gmail.com.|Laboratorio de Investigación, Hospital Civil, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Málaga, Spain. edugf1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. conchisantiagofernandez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. carogure@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Repiso
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Jaen, Jaén, Spain. mdmayas@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mayas
authors.affiliation: CIBEROBN, Institute of Health Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. oliva_olivera@hotmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. oliva_olivera@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wilfredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oliva-Olivera
authors.affiliation: CIBEROBN, Institute of Health Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. leticia.coin@gmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. leticia.coin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coín-Aragüez
authors.affiliation: CIBEROBN, Institute of Health Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. juan.alcaidetorres@gmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. juan.alcaidetorres@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. luisowilhelmi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ocaña-Wilhelmi
authors.affiliation: CIBERDEM, Institute of Health Carlos III, Tarragona, Spain. jvortega2002@gmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain. jvortega2002@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.affiliation: CIBEROBN, Institute of Health Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. fjtinahones@hotmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. fjtinahones@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.affiliation: CIBEROBN, Institute of Health Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. lourgarrido@gmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain. lourgarrido@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garrido-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger