title: Biphasic and boundary lubrication mechanisms in artificial hydrogel cartilage: A review.
abstract: Various studies on the application of artificial hydrogel cartilage to cartilage substitutes and artificial joints have been conducted. It is expected in clinical application of artificial hydrogel cartilage that not only soft-elastohydrodynamic lubrication but biphasic, hydration, gel-film and boundary lubrication mechanisms will be effective to sustain extremely low friction and minimal wear in daily activities similar to healthy natural synovial joints with adaptive multimode lubrication. In this review article, the effectiveness of biphasic lubrication and boundary lubrication in hydrogels in thin film condition is focused in relation to the structures and properties of hydrogels. As examples, the tribological behaviors in three kinds of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with high water content are compared, and the importance of lubrication mechanism in biomimetic artificial hydrogel cartilage is discussed to extend the durability of cartilage substitute.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan tmura@mech.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seido
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yarimitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science for Integrated System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawae
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry*; D017276:Friction; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D008153:Lubrication; D008422:Materials Testing; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol
keywords: Biphasic lubrication; adaptive multimode lubrication; artificial hydrogel cartilage; biotribology; boundary lubrication; hydrogels