title: Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and Altered Lung Function in Wuhan, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with adverse effects on the respiratory system. However, the association between internal levels of PAH metabolites and lung function levels remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationships between urinary PAH metabolite concentrations and lung function levels in a general Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung function and 12 urinary PAH metabolites were measured in 2,747 participants from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort in China. Associations between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function were analyzed by linear mixed models. We also investigated associations among urinary PAH metabolite concentrations, traffic exposure time, and dietary PAH exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant associations between increased levels of urinary PAH metabolites and reduced lung function. Each 1-U increase in log-transformed levels of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, or total urinary PAH metabolites was associated with a 23.79-, 19.36-, 41.76-, 36.87-, 33.47-, 27.37-, 39.53-, 34.35-, 25.03-, or 37.13-ml reduction in FEV1, respectively (all P < 0.05). Each 1-U increase in 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, or total urinary PAH metabolites was associated with a 24.39-, 33.90-, 27.15-, 28.56-, 27.46-, or 27.99-ml reduction in FVC, respectively (all P < 0.05). The total urinary PAH metabolites concentration was positively associated with both traffic exposure time and dietary PAH exposure among nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total and specific urinary PAH metabolites were associated with lung function reduction in a general Chinese population. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential mechanism by which PAHs induces lung function reduction.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1758-7499
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jungang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Yuanchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 4 Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and.
authors.forename: Yuewei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Xiji
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 5 School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Tangchun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.|2 Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, and.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: dose–exposure relationship; lung function; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons