title: Occurrence and Profiles of the Artificial Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A and Natural Endocrine Disruptor Phytoestrogens in Urine from Children in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to artificial or natural endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phytoestrogens has been demonstrated to have health effects, especially in children. Biomonitoring of BPA and phytoestrogens in human urine can be used to assess the intake levels of these compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, BPA and phytoestrogens in urine specimens (n = 256) collected from children in China were measured by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPA was detected in most specimens, with a geometric mean concentration of 1.58 ng/mL. For the first time, levels of urinary phytoestrogens in Chinese children were reported. Daidzein and enterolactone are the typical isoflavones and lignans compounds in urine, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatively high levels of urinary BPA indicate an increasing risk of BPA exposure to Chinese children. Urinary concentrations of daidzein in Chinese children are higher when compared with those reported in the U.S. children, while concentrations of urinary enterolactone and enterodiols are significantly lower. This suggests a significant difference in phytoestrogen intake between the children from China and from the U.S.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300171, China. cdczhangmy@126.com.
authors.forename: Mingyue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. duanzhenghua@mail.nankai.edu.cn.|School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China. duanzhenghua@mail.nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300171, China. wuyinghongnk@126.com.
authors.forename: Yinghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. m15822267505@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. like1030@mail.nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. wang2007@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000652:urine*; D017705:Lignans / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000652:urine*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014481:United States; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D015107:4-Butyrolactone; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D007529:Isoflavones; D017705:Lignans; D010636:Phenols; D048789:Phytoestrogens; C004742:daidzein; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone
keywords: China; biomonitoring; bisphenol A; children; phytoestrogens