title: Investigating the Effect of Tones and Frequency Sweeps on the Collective Behavior of Penned Herring (Clupea harengus).
abstract: We experimentally played back tones and sweeps to captive herring (Clupea harengus) in a net pen and measured the collective response of a large and a small group of fish using a camera, echo sounder, and multibeam sonar. The playbacks ranged in frequency from 160 to 500 Hz and 131 to 147 dB re 1 μPa in received sound pressure level. Herring behavior was scored by a team that blindly evaluated the observations. Overall, the responses were modest. Stronger reactions were observed at higher source levels, lower frequencies, and smaller school sizes, but there was no effect on signal rise time.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway. nilsolav@imr.no.
authors.forename: Nils Olav
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Handegard
authors.affiliation: Florida International University, Marine Sciences Building 355, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA. kevin.boswell@fiu.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boswell
authors.affiliation: Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA. alex.derobertis@noaa.gov.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Robertis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway. gavinj@imr.no.
authors.forename: Gavin John
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Macaulay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway. guillaumer@imr.no.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rieucau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway. lise.doksaeter.sivle@imr.no.
authors.forename: Lise Doksæter
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sivle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound
keywords: Collective response; Group size; Herring; Playback