title: Late lead Perforation Following Permanent Pace Maker Implantation--A Case report.
abstract: Ventricular lead perforation is an infrequent but it's a critical complication of pacemaker implantation. Perforation was usually associated with the use of small-caliber active fixation leads, and can occur beyond the first few days (sub acute) or even more than a month after implantation (late). We report the case of right ventricular perforation by a ventricular fixation lead in 61 years old man detected more than two months after implantation. Radiology and echocardiography can confirm the perforation by revealing progression of the lead beyond the cardiac silhouette or indirectly visualizing the presence of pericardial effusion. However, its pathophysiology and optimal management are currently unclear.
authors.affiliation: Dr CM Shaheen Kabir, Assistant Professor, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute (ICH&RI), Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siraj
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged