title: AMPK: An Energy-Sensing Pathway with Multiple Inputs and Outputs.
abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy balance expressed ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells. Here we review the canonical adenine nucleotide-dependent mechanism that activates AMPK when cellular energy status is compromised, as well as other, noncanonical activation mechanisms. Once activated, AMPK acts to restore energy homeostasis by promoting catabolic pathways, resulting in ATP generation, and inhibiting anabolic pathways that consume ATP. We also review the various hypothesis-driven and unbiased approaches that have been used to identify AMPK substrates and have revealed substrates involved in both metabolic and non-metabolic processes. We particularly focus on methods for identifying the AMPK target recognition motif and how it can be used to predict new substrates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. Electronic address: d.g.hardie@dundee.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D Grahame
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and the Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bethany E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and the Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunet
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: AMPK; allosteric activation; energy sensing; kinase recognition motif; kinase target identification; pharmacological activators