title: Future Directions for Pain Management: Lessons from the Institute of Medicine Pain Report and the National Pain Strategy.
abstract: According to the Institute of Medicine Relieving Pain in America Report and the soon to be released National Pain Strategy, pain affects over 100 million Americans and costs our country in over $500 billion per year. We have a greater appreciation for the complex nature of pain and that it can develop into a disease in itself. As such, we need more efforts on prevention of chronic pain and for interdisciplinary approaches. For precision pain medicine to be successful, we need to link learning health systems with pain biomarkers (eg, genomics, proteomics, patient reported outcomes, brain markers) and its treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Neurosciences and Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address: smackey@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mackey
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000639:trends*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000639:trends; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Chronic pain; Institute of Medicine; Learning health systems; National Pain Strategy; Precision medicine