title: Up-regulation of PER3 Expression Is Correlated with Better Clinical Outcome in Acute Leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered expression of circadian clock genes has been linked to various types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether these genes are also altered in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression profiles of nine circadian clock genes of peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes from patients with newly-diagnosed AML (n=41), ALL (n=23) and healthy individuals (n=51) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In AML, the expression of period 1 (PER1), period 2 (PER2), period 3 (PER3), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-like 1 (BMAL1), and timeless (TIM) was significantly down-regulated, while that of CK1ε was significantly up-regulated. In ALL, the expression of PER3 and CRY1 was significantly down-regulated, whereas those of CK1ε and TIM were significantly up-regulated. Recovery of PER3 expression was observed in both patients with AML and those with ALL who achieved remission but not in patients who relapsed after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circadian clock genes are altered in patients with acute leukemia and up-regulation of PER3 is correlated with a better clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Ming-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Pai-Mei
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hui-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jui-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hugo You-Hsien
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Otolaryngology, Kaoshiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Cheng-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: I-Ya
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Sheng-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. shlin@cc.kmu.edu.tw ycliu@cc.kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. shlin@cc.kmu.edu.tw ycliu@cc.kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sheng-Fung
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C512644:PER3 protein, human; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins
keywords: Circadian clock genes; acute lymphoid leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia