title: The Yin and Yang of Antiviral Innate Immunity in Central Nervous System.
abstract: The innate immune system provides protection against invading neurotropic viruses. It acts as the first line of defense against invading viruses and plays an elementary role in their pathogenesis. The list of viruses capable of infecting human central nervous system (CNS) is quite long, most important of them are Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV), rabies virus, West Nile virus (WNV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), La Crosse virus, tick borne encephalitis virus (TEBE) and polio virus. Germ line pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD) - like receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) -like helicases or RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and cytosolic DNA sensors recognize the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate an immune response against invading pathogen. Although PRRs were originally characterized in peripheral immune cells but accumulating evidence also suggest their crucial roles in CNS to combat against neurotropic viruses. In this review, we will highlight the recent developments in our understating of the mechanisms by which PRRs in resident brain cells provide protection against invading neurotropic viruses.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zohaib
authors.forename: Adeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarfraz
authors.forename: Qari Muhammad
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Kaleem
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Mudassar Niaz
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mughal
authors.forename: Muhammad Tariq
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Navid
authors.forename: Faheem Ahmed
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Bibo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shengfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P.R. China. sbcao@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shengbo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000821:virology*; D020805:Central Nervous System Viral Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D016709:Yin-Yang
chemical_list: D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition