title: The Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Chronic Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Comorbidities Associated with HIV Infection.
abstract: With the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people with treated HIV-1, but the pathogenesis is unclear. Platelet-activating factor is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation that has immunomodulatory effects and a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease. Limited scientific evidence suggests that the platelet-activating factor pathway may be a mechanistic link between HIV-1 infection, systemic inflammation, and immune activation that contribute to pathogenesis of chronic HIV-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which the cross-talk between HIV-1, immune dysregulation, inflammation, and perturbations in the platelet-activating factor pathway may directly affect HIV-1 immunopathogenesis. Understanding the role of platelet-activating factor in HIV-1 infection may pave the way for further studies to explore therapeutic interventions, such as diet, that can modify platelet-activating factor activity and use of platelet-activating factor inhibitors that might improve the prognosis of HIV-1 infected patients.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kelesidis
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papakonstantinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Detopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fragopoulou
authors.affiliation: Third Internal Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chini
authors.affiliation: Third Internal Medicine Department-Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Marios C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lazanas
authors.affiliation: Department of Science Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Smaragdi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antonopoulou
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor