title: Chronic Powder Diet After Weaning Induces Sleep, Behavioral, Neuroanatomical, and Neurophysiological Changes in Mice.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of chronic powder diet feeding on sleep patterns and other physiological/anatomical changes in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into two groups from weaning: a group fed with solid food (SD) and a group fed with powder food (PD), and sleep and physiological and anatomical changes were compared between the groups. PD exhibited less cranial bone structure development and a significant weight gain. Furthermore, these PD mice showed reduced number of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Sleep analysis showed that PD induced attenuated diurnal sleep/wake rhythm, characterized by increased sleep during active period and decreased sleep during rest period. With food deprivation (FD), PD showed less enhancement of wake/locomotor activity compared to SD, indicating reduced food-seeking behavior during FD. These results suggest that powder feeding in mice results in a cluster of detrimental symptoms caused by abnormal energy metabolism and anatomical/neurological changes.
authors.affiliation: Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.|Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anegawa
authors.affiliation: Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kotorii
authors.affiliation: Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
authors.affiliation: Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuro
authors.affiliation: Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Sleep Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001831:Body Temperature; D004032:Diet; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009420:Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D055495:Neurogenesis; D011208:Powders; D012890:Sleep; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D011208:Powders