title: Metabolic response to subacute and subchronic iron overload in a rat model.
abstract: One of the common causes of iron overload is excessive iron intake in cases of iron-poor anemia, where iron saccharate complex (ISC) is routinely used to optimize erythropoiesis. However, non-standardized ISC administration could entail the risk of iron overload. To induce iron overload, Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with subacute (0.2 mg kg⁻¹) and subchronic (0.1 mg kg⁻¹) overdoses of ISC for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Iron status was displayed by an increase in transferrin saturation (up to 332%) and serum and liver iron burden (up to 19.3 μmol L⁻¹ and 13.2 μmol g⁻¹ wet tissue, respectively) together with a drop in total and unsaturated iron binding capacities "TIBC, UIBC" as surrogate markers of transferrin activity. Iron-induced leukocytosis (up to 140%), along with the decline in serum transferrin markers (up to 43%), respectively, mark positive and negative acute phase reactions. Chemical stress was demonstrated by a significant rise (p > 0.05) in indices of the hemogram (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes) and stress metabolites [corticosterone (CORT) and lactate]. Yet, potential causes of the unexpected decline in serum activities of ALT, AST and LDH (p > 0.05) might include decreased hepatocellular enzyme production and/or inhibition or reduction of the enzyme activities. The current findings highlight the toxic role of elevated serum and liver iron in initiating erythropoiesis and acute phase reactions, modifying iron status and animal organ function, changing energy metabolism and bringing about accelerated glycolysis and impaired lactate clearance supposedly by decreasing anaerobic threshold and causing premature entering to the anaerobic system.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.|Zoology Department, College of Science, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt.
authors.forename: Khadiga G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Adham
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Manal H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Farhood
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maha H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Daghestani
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nadia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Aleisa
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahlam A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alkhalifa
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maha H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: El Amin
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Promy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Virk
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mai A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Obeid
authors.affiliation: Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University , Ryadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Eman M H
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Al-Humaidhi
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction; D000818:Animals; D004920:Erythropoiesis; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014168:Transferrin; D007501:Iron
keywords: Iron overload; acute phase reactions; chemical stress indicators; iron status; organ function enzymes