title: Effectiveness of palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease: The French experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of evidence concerning the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effectiveness of palivizumab for decreasing the rate of RSV-related hospitalizations in children under the age of 24 months with chILD treated with corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective national study was conducted in France. Patients born between 2007 and 2013, diagnosed with chILD and on corticosteroid treatment were identified through the French online database for pediatric interstitial lung disease (Respirare(®) ). Data were collected for the etiology and severity of chILD, risk factors and preventive measures for bronchiolitis, palivizumab immunoprophylaxis, and hospitalizations for bronchiolitis and RSV-bronchiolitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included and evaluated 24 children during their first two RSV seasons, corresponding to 36 patient-seasons. The observed rate of RSV-related hospitalization (305/1000 patient-seasons), and the median length of stay (7 days), were higher than those for the general population. RSV-related hospitalization rates did not differ significantly between children with and without palivizumab prophylaxis (5/16 vs. 4/18, respectively, P = 0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with chILD on corticosteroid treatment are at high risk of hospitalization for RSV-bronchiolitis, which tends to be more severe in these children than in the general population. The effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis in this population remains to be demonstrated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:688-695. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.|Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.affiliation: Unité de pneumologie pédiatrique, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thumerelle
authors.affiliation: Centre de Référence de la Mucoviscidose, Lyon, France.|Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reix
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.|CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fayon
authors.affiliation: Centre Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pédiatrie, Créteil, France.|Inserm, U955, Equipe 5, Créteil, France.|Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Epaud
authors.affiliation: PediatricPulmonary Department AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Malika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahloul
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Habouria
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.|Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.|INSERM U-955, équipe 4, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delacourt
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.|Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.|INSERM U-955, équipe 4, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadchouel
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D000069455:Palivizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000069455:Palivizumab
keywords: bronchiolitis; interstitial lung disease; palivizumab; respiratory syncytial virus