title: The Use of a Mobile Van for School Vision Screening: Results of 63 841 Evaluations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present data from an established mobile screening program for children in the amblyogenic age group using gold-standard examination techniques by eye care professionals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective 12-year, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  setting: Single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children enrolled in pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, and first grades in public schools in Cleveland, Ohio were eligible for evaluations. intervention procedure: An ophthalmic technician and/or optometrist examined children in a customized van that visits all elementary schools. The initial screening included testing of monocular near and distance visual acuity, stereoacuity, ocular alignment, motility, pupils, and external abnormalities. Children meeting the 2003 American Academy of Pediatrics vision screening referral criteria underwent cycloplegic retinoscopy and ophthalmoscopy by the on-site optometrist and received glasses. In addition, these children were referred to pediatric ophthalmology for ongoing care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Determination of the proportion of children with refractive errors, amblyopia, and/or strabismus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2002 and 2014, 63 841 evaluations were performed, representing approximately 55% of eligible children. Overall, 6386 (10.0%) of children met 1 or more referral criteria: 5355 (8.39%) received glasses, 873 (1.37%) had amblyopia, and 1125 (1.76%) had strabismus. Over the 12-year period, there was no statistically significant change in the prevalence of strabismus (1.73%-2.24%, P = .91) or amblyopia (0.9%-2.08%, P = .13) among first grade students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive errors are common in young children. During the study period, the rates of amblyopia and strabismus remained stable, indicating the need for continued vision screening and treatment services. A van-based model, traveling directly to schools, appears to be effective in reaching young children in underserved communities.
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Heather C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Mayme
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patthoff
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: traboue@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Elias I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Traboulsi
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008952:Mobile Health Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D042262:Retinoscopy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations