title: Choice of Formula and Accuracy of Fetal Weight Estimation in Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate sonographic models for fetal weight estimation in specific subgroups of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of women who delivered an SGA neonate and underwent a sonographic estimation of fetal weight within 7 days of delivery in a single tertiary center (n = 370). The accuracy of fetal weight estimation was compared for 33 sonographic models (27 nontargeted and 6 targeted SGA- or low-birth-weight-specific models) in specific subgroups of SGA fetuses: early versus late SGA, asymmetric versus symmetric, and presence of Doppler abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A wide variation in the accuracy of the different models was found (systematic error, -12.5% to 15.1%; random error, 7.8% to 15.5%). Most nontargeted models tended to systematically overestimate the weight of SGA fetuses. The best performing model in the overall SGA group was the targeted model of Scott et al (J Ultrasound Med 1996; 15:669-672; systematic error ± random error, -2.8% ± 8.3%). However, the optimal models varied for different subgroups of SGA fetuses, and in most cases the targeted models were the most accurate. An approach that used the optimal model for each subgroup of SGA fetuses compared with the uniform use of the model of Scott et al for all SGA fetuses was associated with a lower systematic error (-0.38% versus -2.8%; P < .001) and a higher proportion of weight estimations within 5%, 10%, and 15% of birth weight (48.4% versus 40.8%; P= .038; 78.6% versus 71.4%; P= .022; 95.1% versus 89.2%; P = .003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic models in current use for fetal weight estimation in SGA fetuses have significant errors, and their performance varies for specific subgroups of SGA fetuses. An approach that uses subgroup-specific models may improve the accuracy of weight estimation among SGA fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.M.); Fetal Medicine Division (Placenta Clinic), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.R., R.W., J.K.), and Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. nirmelamed2@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.M.); Fetal Medicine Division (Placenta Clinic), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.R., R.W., J.K.), and Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.M.); Fetal Medicine Division (Placenta Clinic), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.R., R.W., J.K.), and Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Windrim
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.M.); Fetal Medicine Division (Placenta Clinic), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.R., R.W., J.K.), and Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ants
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.M.); Fetal Medicine Division (Placenta Clinic), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.R., R.W., J.K.), and Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kingdom
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*
keywords: accuracy; estimation; fetal weight; intrauterine growth restriction; obstetric ultrasound; small-for-gestational-age fetus