title: Untargeted Screening and Distribution of Organo-Bromine Compounds in Sediments of Lake Michigan.
abstract: Previously unreported natural and synthetic organo-bromine compounds (NSOBCs) have been found to contribute more than 99% of total organic bromine (TOB) in environmental matrices. We recently developed a novel untargeted method (data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment, DIPIC-Frag) and identified ∼2000 NSOBCs in two sediments from Lake Michigan. In this study, this method was used to investigate the distributions of these NSOBCs in 23 surficial samples and 24 segments of a sediment core from Lake Michigan. NSOBCs were detected in all 23 surficial samples and exhibited 10- to 100-fold variations in peak abundance among locations. The pattern of distributions of NSOBCs was correlated with depth of the water column (r(2) = 0.61, p < 0.001). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that sediments in close proximity exhibited similar profiles of NSOBCs. Distributions of NSOBCs in 24 segments of a sediment core dated from 1766 to 2008 were investigated, and samples from similar depths exhibited similar profiles of NSOBCs. NSOBCs were grouped into four clusters (soft-cluster analysis) with different temporal trends of abundances. 515 and 768 of the NSOBCs were grouped into cluster 1 and cluster 3 with increasing temporal trends, especially since 1950, indicating that abundances of these compounds might have been affected by human activities.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of MOE; School of Resources, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Chunli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cantin
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: David M V
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Jianxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Codling
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Illinois , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois , 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rockne
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware , 255 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716 United States.
authors.forename: Neil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sturchio
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.|Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.|Biology Department, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, SAR China.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
mesh_terms: D017605:Bromine Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008824:Michigan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017605:Bromine Compounds; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical