title: Species diversity in the Antrodia crassa group (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).
abstract: Antrodia is a polyphyletic genus, comprising brown-rot polypores with annual or short-lived perennial resupinate, dimitic basidiocarps. Here we focus on species that are closely related to Antrodia crassa, and investigate their phylogeny and species delimitation using geographic, ecological, morphological and molecular data (ITS and LSU rDNA, tef1). Phylogenetic analyses distinguished four clades within the monophyletic group of eleven conifer-inhabiting species (five described herein): (1)A. crassa s. str. (boreal Eurasia), Antrodia cincta sp. nova (North America) and Antrodia cretacea sp. nova (holarctic), all three being characterized by inamyloid skeletal hyphae that dissolve quickly in KOH solution; (2) Antrodia ignobilis sp. nova, Antrodia sitchensis and Antrodia sordida from North America, and Antrodia piceata sp. nova (previously considered conspecific with A. sitchensis) from Eurasia, possessing amyloid skeletal hyphae; (3) Antrodia ladiana sp. nova from the southern part of the USA, Antrodia pinea from East Asia, and Antrodia ferox - so far known from subtropical North America, but here reported also from Eurasia. These three species have inamyloid hyphae and narrow basidiospores; (4) the North American Antrodia pini-cubensis, sharing similar morphological characters with A. pinea, forming a separate clade. The habitat data indicate that several species are threatened by intensive forestry.
authors.affiliation: Botanical Unit (Mycology), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, 00170 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Viacheslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spirin
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51015 Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address: kadri.runnel@ut.ee.
authors.forename: Kadri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Runnel
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlasák
authors.affiliation: Botanical Unit (Mycology), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, 00170 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51015 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Kadri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Põldmaa
mesh_terms: D055491:Antrodia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology*; D014934:Wood / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Host specificity; Internal transcribed spacer; Polypores; Taxonomy; Translation elongation factor; Wood-inhabiting fungi