title: Effect of ketamine on the minimum infusion rate of propofol needed to prevent motor movement in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of propofol required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in dogs anesthetized with propofol alone or propofol in combination with a constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 male Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were anesthetized on 3 occasions, at weekly intervals, with propofol alone (loading dose, 6 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.45 mg/kg/min), propofol (loading dose, 5 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.35 mg/kg/min) and a low dose of ketamine (loading dose, 2 mg/kg; CRI, 0.025 mg/kg/min), or propofol (loading dose, 4 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.3 mg/kg/min) and a high dose of ketamine (loading dose, 3 mg/kg; CRI, 0.05 mg/kg/min). After 60 minutes, the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to a noxious electrical stimulus was determined in duplicate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Least squares mean ± SEM propofol MIRs required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus were 0.76 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, 0.60 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, and 0.41 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min when dogs were anesthetized with propofol alone, propofol and low-dose ketamine, and propofol and high-dose ketamine, respectively. There were significant decreases in the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus when dogs were anesthetized with propofol and low-dose ketamine (27 ± 10%) or with propofol and high-dose ketamine (30 ± 10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketamine, at the doses studied, significantly decreased the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in dogs.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: M Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Seddighi
authors.forename: Agricola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odoi
authors.forename: Sherry K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Doherty
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol