title: First molecular evidence of the simultaneous human infection with two species of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato: Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Echinococcus canadensis.
abstract: Cystic echinococcosis is a widespread zoonotic parasitic disease especially in Tunisia which is one of the most endemic countries in the Mediterranean area. The etiological agent, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, implies dogs and other canids as definitive hosts and different herbivore species as intermediate hosts. Human contamination occurs during the consumption of parasite eggs passed in the environment through canid feces. Hydatid cysts coming from a child operated for multiple echinococcosis were collected and analyzed in order to genotype and to obtain some epidemiological molecular information. Three targets, ribosomal DNA ITS1 fragment, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxydase subunit 1 (CO1) genes, were amplified and analyzed by RFLP and sequencing approach. This study presents the first worldwide report in human of a simultaneous infection with Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (genotype G1) and Echinococcus canadensis (genotype G6) species. This is also the first report of the presence of E. canadensis in the Tunisian population which argues in favor of a greater importance of this species in human infestation in Tunisia than previously believed.
authors.affiliation: LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie. myriam.mrad@gnet.tn.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudni-M'rad
authors.affiliation: LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: M'rad
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, EPS F. Bourguiba, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Amine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ksia
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, EPS F. Bourguiba, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Rachida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamiri
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, EPS F. Bourguiba, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Mongi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mekki
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, EPS F. Bourguiba, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Abdellatif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.affiliation: LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mezhoud
authors.affiliation: LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.|Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, EPS F. Bourguiba, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Hamouda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Babba
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000923:Anticestodal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046028:Canidae / Q000469:parasitology; D002648:Child; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000601:surgery; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014416:Tunisia; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000923:Anticestodal Agents; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D015766:Albendazole
keywords: Cystic echinococcosis; Echinococcus canadensis; Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto; Genotyping; Mixed infection; Tunisia