title: Dose-dependent effects of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage adhesion and migration.
abstract: Macrophage migration to the focus of infection is a hallmark of the innate immune response. Macrophage spreading, adhesion, and migration through the extracellular matrix require dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton associated to integrin clustering in podosomes and focal adhesions. Here, we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), the main prostaglandin produced by macrophages during inflammation, promote the distinctive dose-dependent formation of podosomes or focal adhesions in macrophages. Low concentrations of PGE2 increased p110γ PI3K expression, phosphorylation of actin-related protein 2, and formation of podosomes, which enhanced macrophage migration in response to chemokines. However, high doses of PGE2 increased phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase, the expression of serine/threonine protein kinase 1, and promoted focal adhesion formation and macrophage adhesion, reducing macrophage chemotaxis. In summary, we describe the dual role of PGE2 as a promoter of macrophage chemotaxis and adhesion, proposing a new model of macrophage migration to the inflammatory focus in the presence of a gradient of PGE2 .
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Osma-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Punzón
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fresno
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Díaz-Muñoz
mesh_terms: D051377:Actin-Related Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D051419:Paxillin / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000069261:Podosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D051377:Actin-Related Protein 2; D051419:Paxillin; D011494:Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Chemotaxis; Focal adhesions; Macrophages; Podosomes; Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)