title: Exercise and gut immune function: evidence of alterations in colon immune cell homeostasis and microbiome characteristics with exercise training.
abstract: There is robust evidence that habitual physical activity is anti-inflammatory and protective against developing chronic inflammatory disease. Much less is known about the effects of habitual moderate exercise in the gut, the compartment that has the greatest immunological responsibility and interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The link between the two has become evident, as recent studies have linked intestinal dysbiosis, or the disproportionate balance of beneficial to pathogenic microbes, with increased inflammatory disease susceptibility. Limited animal and human research findings imply that exercise may have a beneficial role in preventing and ameliorating such diseases by having an effect on gut immune function and, recently, microbiome characteristics. Emerging data from our laboratory show that different forms of exercise training differentially impact the severity of intestinal inflammation during an inflammatory insult (for example, ulcerative colitis) and may be jointly related to gut immune cell homeostasis and microbiota-immune interactions. The evidence we review and present will provide data in support of rigorous investigations concerning the effects of habitual exercise on gut health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Brandt D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pence
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinarian Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wallig
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: H Rex
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Gaskins
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.|Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology*