title: [Assessment of selected anthropometric parameters in children exposed to gestational diabetes in utero - preliminary results].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current studies show uncreased risk of obesity cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in children exposed to gestational diabetes in utero.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the selected anthropometric parameters in children exposed to gestational diabetes in utero.
  
  
  METHODS
  43 children, 7-15 years of age, exposed to gestational diabetes in utero were included in the study. Data including mother's pregestational anthropometric parameters, the course of pregnancy and anthropometric parameters of a newborn were obtained from the interview and medical records. Pediatric physical examination with Tanner assessment of pubertal development was conducted. In children and mothers the height and body mass were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. In participants of the study waist and hip circumferences were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher birth weight (p=0.02), head and chest circumferences (p=0,02 and p=0.03) were observed in newborns of mothers with pregestational overweight and obesity. The analysis of newborns growth parameters and type of gestational diabetes did not show a significant difference. Obesity (BMI z 95th percentile) was diagnosed in 9 children (20.9 %) and overweight (BMI between 85th and 94th percentile) in 6 participants (13.9%). Higher body mass (p=0.02), BMI (p=0.02) and waist circumference (p-0.03) were observed in children who reached III-V Tanner stage, comparing to participants in Tanner Ml. Higher body mass, BMI, waist and hip circumferences were observed in the offspring of mothers with pregestational overweight and obesity. Mothers of children with BMI > 90th percentile currently show higher body mass and BMI in comparison to mothers of slimmer participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive body weight before pregnancy in mothers with gestational diabetes can influence not only the anthropometric parameters of newborns and lead to fetal macrosomy, but also can be a predisposing factor for overweight and obesity in later childhood.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii, Chorób Metabolicznych i Kardiologii Wieku Rozwojowego Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii, Chorób Metabolicznych i Kardiologii Wieku Rozwojowego Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horodnicka-Józwa
authors.affiliation: Klinika Diabetologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molęda
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii, Chorób Metabolicznych i Kardiologii Wieku Rozwojowego Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petriczko
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii, Chorób Metabolicznych i Kardiologii Wieku Rozwojowego Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciechanowski
authors.affiliation: Zakład Biochemii Katedry Biochemii i Chemii Medycznej Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safranow
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii, Diabetologii, Chorób Metabolicznych i Kardiologii Wieku Rozwojowego Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie.
authors.forename: Mieczysław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walczak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: gestational diabetes; pediatric obesity