title: Health risk assessment of hazardous metals for population via consumption of seafood from Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria; a case study of Kaa, B-Dere, and Bodo City.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the human health risk through consumption of seafood from contaminated sites in Kaa, B-Dere, and Bodo City all in Ogoniland. The potential non-carcinogenic health risk for consumers were investigated by assessing the estimated daily intake and target hazard quotients for Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Fe while carcinogenic health effect from Cr, Cd, and Pb was also estimated. The estimated daily intake from seafood consumption was below the threshold values for Cr, Mn, and Zn while they exceeded the threshold for Cd, Pb, and Fe. The target hazard quotients for Zn and Cr were below 1. Target hazard quotients values for Cd, Pb, Mn, and Fe were greater than 1 except for Fe level in Liza falcipinis from Kaa. Furthermore, estimation of carcinogenic risk for Cr in all samples under study exceeded the accepted risk level of 10E-4. Also, Cd carcinogenic risk level for L. falcipinis and Callinectes pallidus collected from B-Dere and C. pallidus collected from Bodo City was 1.1E-3 which also exceeded the accepted risk level of 10E-4 for Cd. Estimation of carcinogenic risk for Pb was within the acceptable range of 10E-4. Consumers of seafood from these sites in Ogoniland may be exposed to metal pollution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology Unit), Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. nkwilly@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nkpaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology Unit), Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology Unit), Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Wegwu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology Unit), Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Essien
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009549:Nigeria; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Estimated daily intake; Health risk assessment; Ogoniland; Seafood safety; Target hazard quotient