title: No effects of ingesting or rinsing sucrose on depleted self-control performance.
abstract: Self-control tasks appear to deplete a limited resource resulting in reduced subsequent self-control performance; a state of ego depletion. Evidence of reduced peripheral glucose by exertion of self-control, and attenuation of ego depletion by carbohydrate metabolism underpins the proposition that this macronutrient provides the energetic source of self-control. However, the demonstration of positive, non-metabolic effects on ego depletion when merely sensing carbohydrates orally contradicts this hypothesis. Recent studies have also failed to support both metabolic and non-metabolic accounts. The effects of ingesting or rinsing a carbohydrate (sucrose) and an artificially sweetened (sucralose) solution on capillary blood and interstitial glucose, and depleted self-control performance were examined in older adults. Forty, healthy, adults (50-65years) ingested and rinsed sucrose and sucralose solutions in a 2 (method)×2 (source), fully counterbalanced, repeated measures, crossover design. Capillary blood and interstitial glucose responses were assayed. Depleted self-control performance (induced by the Bakan visual processing task) on an attention switch task was assessed under each study condition. Ego depletion had no consistent effects on peripheral glucose levels and no significant effects of ingesting or rinsing sucrose on self-control were observed. The act of rinsing the solutions, independent of energetic content, resulted in a small, non-significant enhancement of performance on the attention switch task relative to ingesting the same solutions (RT: p=.05; accuracy: p=.09). In conclusion, a metabolic account of self-control was not supported. Whilst a positive effect of rinsing on depleted self-control performance was demonstrated, this was independent of energetic content. Findings suggest glucose is an unlikely physiological analogue for self-control resources.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln., Leeds, UK. Electronic address: n.b.boyle@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln., Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln., Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln., Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Croden
authors.affiliation: Leeds Beckett University, Woodhouse Ln., Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln., Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004532:Ego; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000068356:Self-Control; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Capillary blood glucose; Ego-depletion; Glucose; Oral rinsing; Self-control