title: Headaches in patients with previous head injuries: A population-based historical cohort study (HUNT).
abstract: Background Headache attributed to head injury is claimed to be among the most common secondary headache disorders, yet available epidemiological evidence is scarce. We evaluated the prevalence of headache among individuals previously exposed to head injury by a comparison to an uninjured control group. Methods This population-based historical cohort study used data from hospital records on previous exposure to head injury linked to a large epidemiological survey with data on headache occurrence. Participants without head injury, according to hospital records, were used as controls. The head injuries were classified according to the Head Injury Severity Scale (HISS) and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 beta). Binary logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between headache and head injury, controlling for potential confounders. Results The exposed group consisted of 940 individuals and the control group of 38,751 individuals. In the multivariate analyses, adjusting for age, sex, anxiety, depression and socioeconomic status, there were significant associations between mild head injury and any headache, migraine, chronic daily headache and medication overuse headache. Conclusion Headache was more likely among individuals previously referred to a hospital for a mild head injury compared to uninjured controls.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoem Nordhaug
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|2 Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vik
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|3 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|3 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars Jacob
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Torunn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: 3 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Gøril Bruvik
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gravdahl
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|3 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Epidemiology; head injuries; headache; post-traumatic headache; traumatic brain injury