title: Developing and understanding biofluid vibrational spectroscopy: a critical review.
abstract: Vibrational spectroscopy can provide rapid, label-free, and objective analysis for the clinical domain. Spectroscopic analysis of biofluids such as blood components (e.g. serum and plasma) and others in the proximity of the diseased tissue or cell (e.g. bile, urine, and sputum) offers non-invasive diagnostic/monitoring possibilities for future healthcare that are capable of rapid diagnosis of diseases via specific spectral markers or signatures. Biofluids offer an ideal diagnostic medium due to their ease and low cost of collection and daily use in clinical biology. Due to the low risk and invasiveness of their collection they are widely welcomed by patients as a diagnostic medium. This review underscores recent research within the field of biofluid spectroscopy and its use in myriad pathologies such as cancer and infectious diseases. It highlights current progresses, advents, and pitfalls within the field and discusses future spectroscopic clinical potentials for diagnostics. The requirements and issues surrounding clinical translation are also considered.
authors.affiliation: WESTChem, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK. matthew.baker@strath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Shawn R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Lila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lovergne
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Untereiner
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Roman A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lukaszewski
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiéfin
authors.forename: Ganesh D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sockalingum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014732:Vibration