title: Association of osteoporosis and bone medication with the periodontal condition in elderly women.
abstract: This study investigated whether osteoporosis and its treatment may affect periodontal condition in elderly women. The findings highlighted that women with osteoporosis had a higher chance to present severe periodontitis than women with normal bone mineral density (BMD), particularly those who were not treated for osteoporosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study investigated whether osteoporosis increases the frequency and severity of chronic periodontitis in elderly women and evaluated the influence of vitamin D and osteoporosis treatment in the periodontal condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, elderly women were selected among 1266 subjects evaluated for lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and complete periodontal examination were recorded. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight elderly women with normal BMD and 86 with osteoporosis were selected. Women with osteoporosis presented higher frequency of sites with clinical attachment level ≥6 mm (p = 0.003) and gingival recession ≥3 mm (p = 0.002) than those with normal BMD and were more than twice as likely to present severe periodontitis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95 % CI [1.14 to 5.43]). Osteoporotic women who were not treated for the condition had more chance to present severe periodontitis (OR = 3.16, 95 % CI [1.28 to 7.82]) than those who did use bisphosphonates (OR = 2.04, 95 % CI [0.85 to 4.89]). Among the participants who presented low levels of vitamin D, those with osteoporosis exhibited a higher chance to present severe periodontitis than those with normal BMD (p = 0.027), but the association between vitamin D levels and osteoporosis was not statistically significant after adjustment (p = 0.198).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly women with osteoporosis have a greater chance to present periodontitis, with higher severity than those with normal BMD. Osteoporosis treatment provides protection for periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Periodontics Department, Odontoclínica Central da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Penoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L F
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Rheumatology Department, Hospital Naval Marcilio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health Studies, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Luiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. attleao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A T T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Leão
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Bisphosphonates; Bone density; Elderly; Osteoporosis; Periodontitis; Vitamin D