title: Cumulative Disadvantage and Youth Well-Being: A Multi-Domain Examination with Life Course Implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accumulation of disadvantage has been shown to increase psychosocial stressors that impact life course well-being. This study tests for significant differences, based on disadvantage exposure, on youths' emotional and physical health, as well as family supports, peer assets, and academic success, which hold potential for resilience and amelioration of negative health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12 item cumulative disadvantage summed index derived from surveys of a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of urban high school seniors (n=9,658) was used to distinguish youth at low, moderate, and high levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings supported hypothesized stepped patterns such that as multiple disadvantages accumulate, a concomitant decline is evident across the assessed outcome variables (except positive academic identity). Post-hoc tests indicated a pattern of groups being significantly different from one another.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, results lend support for an additive stress load associated with stacked disadvantage, with implications for continuing trends into adulthood as well as preventive interventions.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington.
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nurius
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Dana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.affiliation: University of Washington.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocha
keywords: Stress; adversity; disadvantage; health; life course; youth