title: The role of uric acid in chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is always associated with hyperuricaemia. However, the studies evaluating the clinical implications of hyperuricaemia have shown conflicting results in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational study was conducted in 2408 stage 3-5 CKD patients. Instead of one baseline uric acid (UA) level, the averaged level of the two consecutive measurements for each participant was used as the predictor for the outcomes of the study, which included mortality, renal outcomes, and hospitalization risk. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression model were performed to determine the independent risk factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean UA level was 0.46 ± 0.106 mmol/L. Of the 2408 patients, there were 563 (23.3%) deaths, 143 (5.9%) cardiovascular deaths, 652 (27%) subjects commencing renal replacement therapy (RRT), 664 (27.5%) subjects with rapid renal progression, 1937 (58%) patients requiring hospitalization and 404 (16.7%) patients with CVD hospitalization during a mean follow-up of approximately 3.03 years. After multivariate adjustments, a 1-mg/dL increase in uric acid level was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.26 for RRT (P = 0.002), an odds ratio (OR) of 1.27 for rapid renal progression (P = 0.001), an HR of 1.19 for all-cause hospitalization (P < 0.001), and an HR of 1.12 for cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization (P = 0.02), but not significantly with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death at the end of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In stage 3-5 CKD patients, hyperuricaemia was associated with a higher risk of renal replacement therapy, rapid renal progression and hospitalization for all causes or CVD, but not with all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Ph.D. program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao-Peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Chu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao-Ko
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Fang
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: chronic kidney disease; hospitalization; kidney function; mortality; renal replacement therapy; uric acid