title: Human parvovirus B19 VP1u Protein as inflammatory mediators induces liver injury in naïve mice.
abstract: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen known to be associated with many non-erythroid diseases, including hepatitis. Although B19V VP1-unique region (B19-VP1u) has crucial roles in the pathogenesis of B19V infection, the influence of B19-VP1u proteins on hepatic injury is still obscure. This study investigated the effect and possible inflammatory signaling of B19-VP1u in livers from BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously inoculated with VP1u-expressing COS-7 cells. The in vivo effects of B19-VP1u were analyzed by using live animal imaging system (IVIS), Haematoxylin-Eosin staining, gel zymography, and immunoblotting after inoculation. Markedly hepatocyte disarray and lymphocyte infiltration, enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, IKK-α, IκB and NF-κB (p-p65) proteins were observed in livers from BALB/c mice receiving COS-7 cells expressing B19-VP1u as well as the significantly increased CRP, IL-1β and IL-6. Notably, IFN-γ and phosphorylated STAT1, but not STAT3, were also significantly increased in the livers of BALB/c mice that were subcutaneously inoculated with VP1u-expressing COS-7 cells. These findings revealed the effects of B19-VP1u on liver injury and suggested that B19-VP1u may have a role as mediators of inflammation in B19V infection.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biochemistry; Microbiology and Immunology; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.|b Clinical Laboratory; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital ; Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsai-Ching
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biochemistry; Microbiology and Immunology; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.|c Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit ; Changhua Christian Hospital ; Changhua , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biochemistry; Microbiology and Immunology; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shun-Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biochemistry ; School of Medicine; China Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsu-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biochemistry; Microbiology and Immunology; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: e Department of Internal Medicine ; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzy-Yen
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Biochemistry; Microbiology and Immunology; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.|b Clinical Laboratory; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital ; Taichung , Taiwan.|f Department of Biochemistry ; School of Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University ; Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bor-Show
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tzang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006524:Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000069416:Intravital Microscopy; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; C095547:capsid protein VP1, parvovirus B19; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse
keywords: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V); VP1-unique region (VP1u); inflammation; liver injury