title: Algae Undaria pinnatifida Protects Hypothalamic Neurons against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Akt/mTOR Signaling.
abstract: Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to be one of the causes of hypothalamic neuronal damage, as well as a cause of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent evidence has suggested that Undaria pinnatifida (UP), an edible brown algae, has antioxidant activity. However, the neuroprotective effect of UP has yet to be examined. In this study, to investigate the neuroprotective effect of UP on ER stress-induced neuronal damage in mouse hypothalamic neurons, mice immortal hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7) were incubated with extract of UP. ER stress was induced by treating with tunicamycin. Tunicamycin induced apoptotic cell death was compared with the vehicle treatment through excessive ER stress. However UP protected GT1-7 cells from cell death, occurring after treatment with tunicamycin by reducing ER stress. Treatment with UP resulted in reduced increment of ATF6 and CHOP, and recovered the decrease of phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR by tunicamycin and the increment of autophagy. These results show that UP protects GT1-7 cells from ER stress induced cell death through the Akt/mTOR pathway. The current study suggests that UP may have a beneficial effect on cerebral neuronal degeneration in metabolic diseases with elevated ER stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Research, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. kimjw3189@naver.com.|Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. kimjw3189@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jongwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. moonis@dongguk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Il Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. gootw@dongguk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Tae-Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Goo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Research, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. drmoonss@hanmail.net.|Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. drmoonss@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Seong-Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Research, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. nansmc@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Minchul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044648:Undaria / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: ER stress; Undaria pinnatifida; apoptosis; autophagy; hypothalamus