title: Mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis: a potential mechanism of postoperative ileus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in intestinal muscularis are participated in pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomized into three groups: naive controls (NC) group, sham controls (SC) group and intestinal manipulation (IM) group. Gastrointestinal transits were analyzed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) activity in intestinal muscularis were determined. The levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), Bcl-2 and Bax in intestinal muscularis were measured by real-time PCR assays and western blot analysis. The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP in intestinal muscularis were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Transmission electron microscopic was used to observe ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells and mitochondria in intestinal muscularis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed gastrointestinal transitoccurred only in IM groups. After IM, increased levels of ROS and MDA were observed in intestinal muscularis. In IM groups, we also observed decreased levels of ALDH2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. The levels of ATP and ADP were decreased and level of AMP was increased in IM groups. The activity of ATPases was decreased in IM groups. Abnormal morphological architecture of smooth muscle cells and mitochondria were found in intestinal muscularis of IM groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in intestinal muscularis may participate in the development of POI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Fan-Feng
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chong-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Le
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Dong
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xiao
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000, China ; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to TongJi University Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: Postoperative ileus; apoptosis; energy metabolism; mitochondria; oxidative stress