title: Vancomycin susceptibility trends of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn wounds: a time for action.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin poses a threat for patients in burn units throughout the world. This study aimed to investigate the reduced susceptibility to vancomycin of MRSA isolated from wounds of patients admitted to the Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre in Tripoli, Libya.
  
  
  METHODS
  All isolates were initially identified by chromagen medium then confirmed by PCR. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by E-test glycopeptide resistance detection (GRD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study, 210 isolates were obtained from 560 patients representing 132 (62.9%) and 78 (37.1%) of total samples received during years 2009 and 2010, respectively. MIC levels for vancomycin ranged from 0.5 to 2 µg/ml during the study, 13% of isolates displayed MIC of 1.5 µg/ml and 9% of the isolates displayed 2 µg/ml. Although MRSA isolates decreased dramatically during 2010 (37.1%) compared to 2009 (62.9%), overall, there was a significant increase in the proportion of MRSA isolates exhibiting higher vancomycin MICs during 2010 compared to 2009 (P = 0.0155). There was a significant increase of MICs at 1 µg/ml during 2010 compared with 2009 (P = 0.36). No vancomycin intermediate or resistant strains were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant increase in the proportion of MRSA isolates exhibiting higher vancomycin MICs. We recommend that MRSA isolates should be monitored. Furthermore, implementation of infection control measures is urgently needed to prevent the spread of MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya. zorgania@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz Abdulhafid
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zorgani
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elahmer
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abaid
authors.forename: Ahlam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elaref
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elamri
authors.forename: Eziddin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aghila
authors.forename: Abdullatif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubbal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008002:Libya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents