title: Successful treatment of multi-focal XDR tuberculous osteomyelitis.
abstract: We herein describe the nosocomial transmission of a pre-XDR or MDR case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a HIV-negative health care worker in an area endemic for MDR and XDR tuberculosis. Following inadequate therapy and non-compliance, he presented with extra-pulmonary XDR tuberculosis in the form of multi-focal osteomyelitis and encysted pleural effusion. He was cured after two years of treatment with various anti-tuberculous drugs in addition to interferon gamma.
authors.affiliation: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, PO BOX 40047, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: abeer_sh@doctor.com.
authors.forename: Abeer N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Alshukairi
authors.affiliation: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: rajhi@kfshrc.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alrajhi
authors.affiliation: King Abdulaziz Medical City, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, PO Box 9515, Jeddah 21324, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Fatah1234@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdulfattah W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Alamri
authors.affiliation: King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Research Center, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: othmanaf@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Adel F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Alothman
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Osteomyelitis; Therapy; XDR tuberculosis