title: HIV immunotherapy comes of age: implications for prevention, treatment and cure.
abstract: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reshaped the lives of millions of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Patients initiating ART early in the course of infection benefit from a considerable reduction in the risks of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV-related inflammatory events. However, the absence of cure and lifelong requirements of treatment highlight the need of a vaccine and an immunotherapeutic strategy. Like for cancer, a paradigm shift has occurred with the contribution of immune activation and microbial translocation priming aberrant systemic immunity in restricting the ability of the host to mount an effective immune response. The approaches of implementing an effective vaccine to prevent infection and inhibition of immune activation with breakage of viral latency followed by vaccination should lead to an HIV-free generation.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service , McGill University Health Centre , Montréal , QC , Canada.|b Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre: Glen site , Montréal , QC , Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Routy
authors.affiliation: b Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre: Glen site , Montréal , QC , Canada.
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mehraj
authors.affiliation: b Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre: Glen site , Montréal , QC , Canada.|c Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical , College Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D005544:Forecasting; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines
keywords: HIV vaccine; T-cell exhaustion; dendritic cell vaccine; immune activation; immunometabolism; immunotherapy; interleukin 21; interleukin 7; microbial translocation