title: Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex.
abstract: Since the work of Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, neuroscientists have speculated that a complete understanding of neuronal cell types and their connections is key to explaining complex brain functions. However, a complete census of the constituent cell types and their wiring diagram in mature neocortex remains elusive. By combining octuple whole-cell recordings with an optimized avidin-biotin-peroxidase staining technique, we carried out a morphological and electrophysiological census of neuronal types in layers 1, 2/3, and 5 of mature neocortex and mapped the connectivity between more than 11,000 pairs of identified neurons. We categorized 15 types of interneurons, and each exhibited a characteristic pattern of connectivity with other interneuron types and pyramidal cells. The essential connectivity structure of the neocortical microcircuit could be captured by only a few connectivity motifs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. astolias@bcm.edu xiaolonj@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Cathryn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cadwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany. Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berens
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sinz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany. Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Saumil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany. astolias@bcm.edu xiaolonj@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Andreas S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tolias
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D007395:Interneurons / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D009195:Peroxidase; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; D009195:Peroxidase