title: Difference in expression between AQP1 and AQP5 in porcine endometrium and myometrium in response to steroid hormones, oxytocin, arachidonic acid, forskolin and cAMP during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle and luteolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, we demonstrated in vitro that AQP1 and AQP5 in the porcine uterus are regulated by steroid hormones (P4, E2), arachidonic acid (AA), forskolin (FSK) and cAMP during the estrous cycle. However, the potential of the porcine separated uterine tissues, the endometrium and myometrium, to express these AQPs remains unknown. Thus, in this study, the responses of AQP1 and AQP5 to P4, E2 oxytocin (OT), AA, FSK and cAMP in the porcine endometrium and myometrium were examined during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle and luteolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time PCR and western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progesterone up-regulated the expression of AQP1/AQP5 mRNAs and proteins in the endometrium and myometrium, especially during luteolysis. Similarly, E2 also stimulated the expression of both AQPs, but only in the endometrium. AA led to the upregulation of AQP1/AQP5 in the endometrium during luteolysis. In turn, OT increased the expression of AQP1/AQP5 mRNAs and proteins in the myometrium during mid-luteal phase. Moreover, a stimulatory effect of forskolin and cAMP on the expression of AQP1/AQP5 mRNAs and proteins in the endometrium and myometrium dominated during luteolysis, but during the mid-luteal phase their influence on the expression of these AQPs was differentiated depending on the type of tissue and the incubation duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results seem to indicate that uterine tissues; endometrium and myometrium, exhibit their own AQP expression profiles in response to examined factors. Moreover, the responses of AQP1/AQP5 at mRNA and protein levels to the studied factors in the endometrium and myometrium are more pronounced during luteolysis. This suggests that the above effects of the studied factors are connected with morphological and physiological changes taking place in the pig uterus during the estrous cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland. agnieszka.skowronska@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skowronska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mlotkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Soren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Skowronski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051402:Aquaporin 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003341:Luteolysis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009215:Myometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D051402:Aquaporin 5; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D005576:Colforsin; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D010121:Oxytocin; D000242:Cyclic AMP