title: Low serum ficolin-3 levels are associated with severity and poor outcome in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ficolin-mediated activation of the lectin pathway of complement contributes to the complement-independent inflammatory processes of traumatic brain injury. Lower serum ficolin-3 levels have been demonstrated to be highly associated with unfavorable outcome after ischemic stroke. This prospective observatory study was designed to investigate the relationships between serum ficolin-3 levels and injury severity and clinical outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum ficolin-3 levels of 128 patients and 128 healthy controls were measured by sandwich immunoassays. An unfavorable outcome was defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-3. Study endpoints included mortality at 1 week and 6 months and unfavorable outcome at 6 months after head trauma. Injury severity was assessed by Glasgow Coma Scale score. Multivariate logistic models were structured to evaluate the relationships between serum ficolin-3 levels and study endpoints and injury severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the healthy controls, serum ficolin-3 levels on admission were statistically decreased in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Serum ficolin-3 levels were independently correlated with Glasgow Coma Scale scores. Ficolin-3 was also identified as an independent prognostic predictor for 1-week mortality, 6-month mortality, and 6-month unfavorable outcome. Under receiver operating characteristics curves, ficolin-3 has similar prognostic predictive values for all study endpoints compared with Glasgow Coma Scale scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was proposed that lower serum ficolin-3 levels, correlated with injury severity, had the potential to be the useful, complementary tool to predict short- or long-term clinical outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. lwgxjf@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, 171 Renmin Road, Sanmen, 317100, People's Republic of China. hmywhhyy@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiong-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. jinhujinhu@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, 171 Renmin Road, Sanmen, 317100, People's Republic of China. HangzhouFIRST2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Ya-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. weiaanggg@163.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. jwpfxjsryz@163.com.
authors.forename: Ren-Ya
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C109662:FCN3 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins