title: Enhanced Systemic Bioavailability of Curcumin Through Transmucosal Administration of a Novel Microgranular Formulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Curcumin is a promising nutraceutical for chemoprevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Capsular formulations of curcumin demonstrate low systemic bioavailability. We aimed to determine if curcumin levels were higher in healthy volunteers and cancer patients with microgranular curcumin that allows for transmucosal absorption and identify a consistent biomarker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy volunteers and 15 HNSCC patients completed the trials. Serum levels of curcumin were measured by HPLC. Biological activity of curcumin was assessed with Multiplex Immunoassay and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We achieved higher serum levels of curcumin compared to trials using capsular formulation. In cancer patients a significant decrease in expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in post-biopsy samples and decreased serum levels of FGF-2, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) (p<0.05) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transmucosal administration of microgranular curcumin leads to enhanced curcumin bioavailability that is associated with significant biological effects.
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Latimer
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ekshyyan
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moore-Medlin
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Hunter T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Christy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Fleurette
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abreo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vanchiere
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caldito
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McMartin
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, U.S.A. cnatha@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Cherie-Ann O
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nathan
mesh_terms: D058956:Administration, Mucosal; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001682:Biological Availability; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Curcumin; bioavailability; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; microgranules