title: Intensity correction for multichannel hyperpolarized 13C imaging of the heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop and test an analytic correction method to correct the signal intensity variation caused by the inhomogeneous reception profile of an eight-channel phased array for hyperpolarized (13) C imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fiducial markers visible in anatomical images were attached to the individual coils to provide three dimensional localization of the receive hardware with respect to the image frame of reference. The coil locations and dimensions were used to numerically model the reception profile using the Biot-Savart Law. The accuracy of the coil sensitivity estimation was validated with images derived from a homogenous (13) C phantom. Numerical coil sensitivity estimates were used to perform intensity correction of in vivo hyperpolarized (13) C cardiac images in pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the conventional sum-of-squares reconstruction, improved signal uniformity was observed in the corrected images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analytical intensity correction scheme was shown to improve the uniformity of multichannel image reconstruction in hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate and (13) C-bicarbonate cardiac MRI. The method is independent of the pulse sequence used for (13) C data acquisition, simple to implement and does not require additional scan time, making it an attractive technique for multichannel hyperpolarized (13) C MRI.
authors.affiliation: Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Viqueira
authors.affiliation: Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.affiliation: Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Justin Y C
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: GE Healthcare, Aurora, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Fraser J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.affiliation: GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes
keywords: 13C; DNP; Multichannel; cardiac; hyperpolarization; metabolism; pyruvate