title: Comparison of the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 with the parent-rated Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to extend our understanding of the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) by comparison with a parent-rated scale, the Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants of this study were 229 children aged 0-4, who were referred to the Developmental Evaluation Center of the National Center for Child Health and Development, due to a suspected developmental disorder/delay. The participants were divided into subgroups, depending on age and overall DQ. For each group separately, correlation analyses were conducted between the Developmental Quotient (DQ) of each KSPD domain and DQ of each KIDS subscale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For high DQ group, in all ages, the KSPD Postural-Motor (P-M) domain DQ demonstrated a high correlation with the KIDS Physical-Motor DQ, and at young ages, it was also found to be moderately or strongly associated with the KIDS Manipulation DQ. For high DQ group, the KSPD Cognitive-Adaptive (C-A) domain DQ was most consistently related to the KIDS Manipulation DQ, and was also moderately correlated with the KIDS Physical-Motor DQ, Receptive Language DQ, Social Relationship with Adults DQ, Discipline DQ, and Feeding DQ, depending on age. For high DQ group, the KSPD Language-Social (L-S) DQ most consistently showed a moderate or high correlation with the KIDS Receptive Language DQ and the Manipulation DQ, and also related to Physical-Motor DQ, Expressive Language DQ, Language Conception DQ, Social Relationship with Adults DQ, and Social Relationship with Children DQ for some age groups. The low DQ group demonstrated stronger relationships on many of the pairs of the DQ of a KSPD subdomain and the DQ of a KIDS subscale, regardless of the type of subdomains and subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For high DQ group, the KSPD P-M domain was consistently related to parent-reported physical/motor development, the C-A domain primarily reflected a child's fine motor skills and his/her ability to understand and follow verbal instructions provided by adults, while the L-S domain was associated with parent-reported language ability. For low DQ group, the effect of global delay increased overall correlations between each domain and subscale. Further studies are necessary to replicate the findings in a larger sample including typical children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine and Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine and Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan. Electronic address: hashimoto-k@ncchd.go.jp.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine and Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine and Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takekoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Naho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine and Developmental Evaluation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan; Division of Allergy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mezawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Child Psychiatry, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohya
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report
keywords: Developmental test; Infants; Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS); Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD); Toddlers