title: Effect of SPL (Spent Pot Liner) and its main components on root growth, mitotic activity and phosphorylation of Histone H3 in Lactuca sativa L.
abstract: Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is a solid waste from the aluminum industry frequently disposed of in industrial landfills; it can be leached and contaminate the soil, sources of drinking water and plantations, and thus may pose a risk to human health and to ecosystems. Its composition is high variable, including cyanide, fluoride and aluminum salts, which are highly toxic and environmental pollutants. This study evaluated the effect of SPL and its main components on root growth and the mitosis of Lactuca sativa, by investigating the mechanisms of cellular and chromosomal alterations with the aid of immunolocalization. To this end, newly emerged roots of L. sativa were exposed to SPL and its main components (solutions of cyanide, fluoride and aluminum) and to calcium chloride (control) for 48h. After this, root length was measured and cell cycle was examined by means of conventional cytogenetics and immunolocalization. Root growth was inhibited in the treatments with SPL and aluminum; chromosomal and nuclear alterations were observed in all treatments. The immunolocalization evidenced normal dividing cells with regular temporal and spatial distribution of histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (H3S10ph). However, SPL and its main components inhibited the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10, inactivated pericentromeric regions and affected the cohesion of sister chromatids, thus affecting the arrangement of chromosomes in the metaphase plate and separation of chromatids in anaphase. In addition, these substances induced breaks in pericentromeric regions, characterized as fragile sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37.200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Aline Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37.200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Isabela Martinez
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fontes Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37.200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Larissa Fonseca
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Andrade-Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37.200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Electronic address: vhtechio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vânia Helena
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Techio
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D003486:Cyanides / Q000633:toxicity; D005459:Fluorides / Q000633:toxicity; D006657:Histones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018545:Lactuca; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D006657:Histones; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000535:Aluminum; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Cellular changes; Chromosomal alterations; Fragile sites; H3S10ph; Micronuclei