title: Anti-TNF-α therapies for the treatment of Crohn's disease: the past, present and future.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-TNF-α therapy is a novel approach that has transformed the way moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD) is treated and has significantly improved clinical outcomes of patients with enhanced remission induction and maintenance efficacies. As a result, anti-TNF-α agents have become the primary cost driver in the treatment of CD, as the frequency of hospitalizations and surgical interventions have been drastically reduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the review, the authors cover current anti-TNF-α treatments for CD including efficacy, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and safety. In addition, the authors discuss future anti-TNF-α agents currently in the development pipeline including biosimilars, golimumab, oral AVX-470, TNF-α-kinoid vaccine, and non-biologic HMPL-004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While new therapeutics are in the pipeline like anti-integrin and anti-interleukin therapeutics, anti-TNF-α therapy remains at the forefront of CD treatment due to its long-term efficacy and safety profiles. The next horizon for new anti-TNF-α agents is biosimilars, which offer comparable safety and effectiveness to the originator molecules. Biosimilars promise to expand accessibility to anti-TNF-α therapy while significantly reducing the cost burden to patients and healthcare systems.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Melvin and Bren Simon Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , USA.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berns
authors.affiliation: a Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Melvin and Bren Simon Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hommes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059451:Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015195:Drug Design; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D059451:Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: AVX-470; Anti-TNF; Crohns; Crohn’s disease; HMPL-004; TNF-kinoid; biologic; biosimilar; golimumab