title: Pretreatment with remifentanil protects against the reduced-intestinal contractility related to the ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serious functional and structural alterations of gastrointestinal tract are observed in failure of blood supply, leading to gastrointestinal dismotility. Activation of opioid receptors provides cardioprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not remifentanil could reduce I/R injury of small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar Albino rats were subjected to mesenteric ischemia (30 min) followed by reperfusion (3h). Four groups were designed: sham control; remifentanil alone; I/R control; and remifentanil+I/R. Animals in remifentanil+I/R group were subjected to infusion of remifentanil (2 ug kg(-1)min(-1)) for 60 min, half of which started before inducing ischemia. Collecting the ileum tissues, evaluation of damage was based on contractile responses to carbachol, levels of lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration, and observation of histopathological features in intestinal tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following reperfusion, a significant decrease in carbachol-induced contractile response, a remarkable increase in both lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration, and a significant injury in mucosa were observed. An average contractile response of remifentanil+I/R group was significantly different from that of the I/R group. Lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration were also significantly suppressed by the treatment. The tissue samples of the I/R group were grade 4 in histopathological evaluation. In remifentanil+I/R group, on the other hand, the mucosal damage was moderate, staging as grade 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pretreatment with remifentanil can attenuate the intestinal I/R injury at a remarkable degree possibly by lowering lipid peroxidation and leukocyte infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bulent Ecevit University Medical School, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hale
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sayan-Ozacmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bulent Ecevit University Medical School, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey. Electronic address: vhaktan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Veysel Haktan
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Ozacmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bulent Ecevit University Medical School, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Bulent Ecevit University Medical School Department of Pathology, 67600 Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barut
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D009195:Peroxidase; D000077208:Remifentanil
keywords: Contratilidade intestinal; Intestinal contractility; Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury; Lesão intestinal de isquemia/reperfusão; Rat; Rato; Remifentanil