title: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Advanced Glycation End Products in the Malfunctioning of Dental Implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last decade, dental implants have emerged as a crucial modality and serve as an individual form of therapy for dental failure. However, disparities in host responses have led to peri-implantitis and implant failure. The pathological mechanisms driving peri-implantitis remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the progression of peri-implantitis and dental implants failure, compared with chronic periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patient groups (peri-implantitis, chronic periodontal disease and control), each with 10 subjects (7M/3F) and average age ranging from 40-60 years were selected for analysis. Salivary oxidative stress and tissue AGE levels were analysed by probing for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Maillard reaction-related fluorescence, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant increase (> 2-fold) in oxidative stress and AGE levels in patients with peri-implantitis and chronic periodontal disease compared to controls, with chronic periodontal disease having the highest levels. In addition, we observed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.94) between oxidative stress and AGE levels in the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that increased AGE levels and oxidative stress, although not the only pathway, are significant mediators in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. Altering them may potentially be used in combination with other modalities to manage peri-implantitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital - An Affiliate to Capital Medical University Beijing 100043, PR China. minguo186@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital - An Affiliate to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, PR China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Dongping Oral Dental Clinic, Beijing 100089, PR China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital - An Affiliate to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, PR China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu