title: MR Imaging Biomarkers in Oncology Clinical Trials.
abstract: The authors discuss eight areas of quantitative MR imaging that are currently used (RECIST, DCE-MR imaging, DSC-MR imaging, diffusion MR imaging) in clinical trials or emerging (CEST, elastography, hyperpolarized MR imaging, multiparameter MR imaging) as promising techniques in diagnosing cancer and assessing or predicting response of cancer to therapy. Illustrative applications of the techniques in the clinical setting are summarized before describing the current limitations of the methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Lori R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Arlinghaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Adrienne N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Dula
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: C Chad
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Quarles
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Jared A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Weis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Whisenant
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Eduard Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chekmenev
authors.affiliation: National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoye highway, 31, Moscow 115409, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zhukov
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA; Department of Physics, Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, VUIIS 1161 21st Avenue South, AA 1105 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA. Electronic address: thomas.yankeelov@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Yankeelov
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000639:trends; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: CEST; DCE-MR imaging; DSC-MR imaging; Diffusion; Elastography; Hyperpolarized; Multiparametric