title: Control of Adult Neurogenesis by Short-Range Morphogenic-Signaling Molecules.
abstract: Adult neurogenesis is dynamically regulated by a tangled web of local signals emanating from the neural stem cell (NSC) microenvironment. Both soluble and membrane-bound niche factors have been identified as determinants of adult neurogenesis, including morphogens. Here, we review our current understanding of the role and mechanisms of short-range morphogen ligands from the Wnt, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) families in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. These morphogens are ideally suited to fine-tune stem-cell behavior, progenitor expansion, and differentiation, thereby influencing all stages of the neurogenesis process. We discuss cross talk between their signaling pathways and highlight findings of embryonic development that provide a relevant context for understanding neurogenesis in the adult brain. We also review emerging examples showing that the web of morphogens is in fact tightly linked to the regulation of neurogenesis by diverse physiologic processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158.
authors.forename: Youngshik
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158.
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pleasure
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mira
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D051153:Wnt Proteins