title: Giant cell tumor of the humeral head treated by denosumab: Implication to shoulder surgeons.
abstract: Giant cell tumor is a benign bone tumor that is commonly encountered. The optimal treatment of a giant cell tumor which causes extensive bony destruction is controversial. Recent studies on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand antagonist denosumab may offer a new treatment option for these patients. We presented a patient with giant cell tumor of the humeral head. He was initially treated with denosumab and subsequently with the operation. The shoulder joint was successfully salvaged. But there are potential difficulties that surgeons may face in patients treated with denosumab.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ka Hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Albert Ying Lee
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kenneth Wai Yip
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Tony Wai Hung
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Shek
keywords: Denosumab; extended curettage; giant cell tumor; joint preservation surgery; receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand antagonist