title: The effects of working memory on brain-computer interface performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between working memory and BCI performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants took part in two separate sessions. The first session consisted of three computerized tasks. The List Sorting Working Memory Task was used to measure working memory, the Picture Vocabulary Test was used to measure general intelligence, and the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test was used to measure executive function, specifically cognitive flexibility. The second session consisted of a P300-based BCI copy-spelling task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that both working memory and general intelligence are significant predictors of BCI performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that working memory training could be used to improve performance on a BCI task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Working memory training may help to reduce a portion of the individual differences that exist in BCI performance allowing for a wider range of users to successfully operate the BCI system as well as increase the BCI performance of current users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA. Electronic address: spragues@goldmail.etsu.edu.
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McBee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Sellers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain–computer interface; EEG; P300 event-related potential; Working memory