title: Association between subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation and weight gain: Results of a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether weight change in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is different in those undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) compared to those not undergoing DBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study was performed in PD patients who had undergone STN DBS (cases) compared to matched PD patients without DBS (controls). Demographic and clinical data including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores were collected. Repeated measures mixed model regression was used to identify variables associated with weight gain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five cases and 34 controls were identified. Baseline age, gender, diagnosis and weight were similar. Duration of diagnosis was longer in cases (6.3 vs 4.9 years, p=0.0015). At 21.3 months, cases gained 2.9 kg (+4.65%) while controls lost 1.8 kg (-3.05%, p<0.02). Postoperative UPDRS motor scores improved by 49% indicating surgical efficacy. Only younger age (p=0.0002) and DBS (p=0.008) were significantly associated with weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case-control study, PD patients undergoing STN DBS experienced post-operative weight gain that was significantly different from the weight loss observed in non-DBS PD controls. Patients, especially overweight individuals, should be informed that STN DBS can result in weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA.
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Strowd
authors.affiliation: East Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herco
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Passmore-Griffin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA.
authors.forename: Ihtsham
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tatter
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27103, USA. Electronic address: mssiddiq@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Mustafa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Body composition; Body mass index; Case–control study; Deep brain stimulation; Parkinson's disease; Subthalamic nucleus; Weight gain