title: Anesthesia for EXIT procedure (ex utero intrapartum treatment) in congenital cervical malformation--a challenge to the anesthesiologist.
abstract: The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure consists of partial externalization of the fetus from the uterine cavity during delivery, allowing the maintenance of placental circulation. It is indicated in the presence of congenital malformation when difficulty in fetal airway access is anticipated, allowing it to be ensured by direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, tracheostomy, or surgical intervention. Anesthesia for EXIT procedure has several special features, such as the appropriate uterine relaxation, maintenance of maternal blood pressure, fetal airway establishment, and maintenance of postpartum uterine contraction. The anesthesiologist should be prepared for the anesthetic particularities of this procedure in order to contribute to a favorable outcome for the mother and particularly the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: elsacsoliveira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Retroz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Emília
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mártires
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058109:Airway Management / Q000379:methods*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000072080:Anesthesiologists; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D018191:Lymphangioma, Cystic / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Anestesia; Anesthesia; Congenital cervical malformation; EXIT procedure; Ex-uterus intrapartum treatment; Malformação congênita cervical; Procedimento EXIT; Tratamento extraútero intraparto