title: Where children and adolescents drown in Queensland: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective population-based study examined drowning location by the site of immersion for both fatal and non-fatal drowning events in Queensland. Drowning location is not routinely collected, and this study used data linkage to identify drowning sites. The resulting enhanced quality data quantify drowning incidence for specific locations by geographic region, age group and by severity for the first time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linked data were accessed from the continuum of care (prehospital, emergency, hospital admission and death data) on fatal and non-fatal drowning episodes in children aged 0-19 years in Queensland for the years 2002-2008 inclusive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drowning locations ranked in order of overall incidence were pools, inland water, coastal water, baths and other man-made water hazards. Swimming pools produced the highest incidence rates (7.31/100,000) for overall drowning events and were more often privately owned pools and in affluent neighbourhoods. Toddlers 0-4 years were most at risk around pools (23.94/100,000), and static water bodies such as dams and buckets-the fatality ratios were highest at these 2 locations for this age group. Children 5-14 years incurred the lowest incidence rates regardless of drowning location. Adolescents 15-19 years were more frequently involved in a drowning incident on the coast shoreline, followed by inland dynamic water bodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linked data have resulted in the most comprehensive data collection on drowning location and severity to date for children in the state of Queensland. Most mortality and morbidity could have been prevented by improving water safety through engaged supervision around pools and bath time, and a heightened awareness of buckets and man-made water hazards around the farm home for young children. These data provide a different approach to inform prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland University Child Health Research Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Dept of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns & Trauma, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Belinda A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.affiliation: Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland University Child Health Research Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
authors.forename: Kerrianne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland University Child Health Research Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Royal Life Saving Society Australia, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland University Child Health Research Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland University Child Health Research Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Dept of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns & Trauma, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kimble
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004332:Drowning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013551:Swimming Pools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: EDUCATION & TRAINING (see Medical Education & Training); EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (see Thoracic Medicine)