title: Point-of-Purchase Calorie Labeling Has Little Influence on Calories Ordered Regardless of Body Mass Index.
abstract: The obesity epidemic has incited legislation aimed to inform consumers of the nutritional value of food items available in restaurants and fast food establishments, with the presumption that knowing the caloric content in a meal might enable patrons to make healthier choices when ordering. However, available research shows mixed results regarding consumers' use of calorie information to promote healthier purchases. The aim of this study was to determine whether menu type, specifically having viewed a menu with calorie disclosures or not, would have an impact on how many calories were in a lunch meal ordered by a patron. Additionally, we sought to identify body mass index (BMI) as a moderator of the relationship between viewing a menu with or without calorie information and the number of calories an individual orders for lunch. Two hundred forty-five adults participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. Results indicated neither menu type, nor reporting having seen calorie information, was significantly related to the number of calories in the foods that participants ordered, even after controlling demographic variables age, sex, income, education, race/ethnicity, and BMI. BMI did not serve as a moderator in the relationship between menu type and food calories ordered. Implications for policy change and clinical work with overweight and obese patients are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. slrendell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah Litman
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rendell
authors.affiliation: Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. charles.swencionis@einstein.yu.edu.|Epidemiology/Population Health and Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. charles.swencionis@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swencionis
keywords: Body mass index; Calorie labeling; Health care reform; Menu; Obesity