title: Clonal relationship between human and avian ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in North-Eastern Algeria.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine rates, patterns, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and to assess connections between chicken commensal, human commensal, and pathogenic ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. All E. coli isolates collected from chickens, their farmers, and patients in the Constantine region (North-east Algeria) were analyzed for bla and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene contents, phylogroups, Rep-PCR profiles, and multilocus sequence types. A high prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones (51.4 % to ciprofloxacin) was recorded in avian isolates. Of these, 22.2 % carried the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, whereas lower resistance levels to these antibiotics were recorded in chicken farmers' isolates. None of the commensal isolates harbored the qnr, qepA, or oqxAB genes. One human pathogenic isolate was ertapenem-resistant and harbored the bla OXA-48 gene, 84 showed an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype, with bla CTX-M-15 gene prevalent in 87.2 % of them. Seventy isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, with aac(6')-Ib-cr present in 72.8 %, qnrB in 5.7 %, and qnrS in 10 %. Three Rep-PCR profiles were common to chicken commensal and human pathogenic isolates (phylogroups D and B1; ST21, ST48, and ST471 respectively); one was found in both chicken and chicken-farmer commensal strains (D; ST108), while another profile was identified in a chicken-farmer commensal strain and a human pathogenic one (B1; ST19). These findings suggest clonal and epidemiologic links between chicken and human ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates and the important role that poultry may play in the epidemiology of human E. coli infections in the Constantine region.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, Nîmes, France.|Laboratoire PADESCA, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agabou
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire PADESCA, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lezzar
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Militaire Régional Universitaire de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ouchenane
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Militaire Régional Universitaire de Constantine, Constantine, Algeria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khemissi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Satta
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, Nîmes, France.|Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotto
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, Nîmes, France. jphlavigne@hotmail.com.|Service de Microbiologie, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France. jphlavigne@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, Nîmes, France.|Service de Microbiologie, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pantel
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000067565:Farmers; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D013559:Symbiosis; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D001618:beta-Lactamases