title: Recent advances in optical diagnosis of oral cancers: Review and future perspectives.
abstract: Optical diagnosis techniques offer several advantages over traditional approaches, including objectivity, speed, and cost, and these label-free, noninvasive methods have the potential to change the future workflow of cancer management. The oral cavity is particularly accessible and, thus, such methods may serve as alternate/adjunct tools to traditional methods. Recently, in vivo human clinical studies have been initiated with a view to clinical translation of such technologies. A comprehensive review of optical methods in oral cancer diagnosis is presented. After an introduction to the epidemiology and etiological factors associated with oral cancers currently used, diagnostic methods and their limitations are presented. A thorough review of fluorescence, infrared absorption, and Raman spectroscopic methods in oral cancer diagnosis is presented. The applicability of minimally invasive methods based on serum/saliva is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion on future demands and scope of developments from a clinical point of view. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2403-E2411, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|SIB Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.|School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Hugh J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: SIB Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jopi W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mikkonen
authors.affiliation: SIB Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Arto P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Koistinen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.|Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Arja M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kullaa
authors.affiliation: DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.|School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lyng
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
keywords: Raman spectroscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; optical diagnosis; oral cancer; oral dysplasia