title: Correlations of magnetic resonance imaging findings with clinical symptom severity and prognosis of frozen shoulder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the correlation between indirect magnetic resonance (MR) arthrographic imaging findings and the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients with frozen shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indirect MR arthrography was performed for 52 patients with primary frozen shoulder (mean age 55.1 ± 9.0 years) and 52 individuals without frozen shoulder (mean age 53.1 ± 10.7 years); capsular thickening and enhancement of the axillary recess as well as soft tissue thickening of the rotator interval were evaluated. Clinical symptom severity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), simple shoulder test (SST), Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and range of motion (ROM). At 6-month follow-up, we evaluated whether MR arthrography findings correlated with the clinical symptoms and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Capsular thickening and enhancement of the axillary recess as well as soft tissue thickening of the rotator interval were significantly greater in the patient group than in the controls (p < 0.001). Capsular thickening of the axillary recess did not correlate with clinical symptoms or ROM (n.s.); however, capsular enhancement correlated with clinical symptom severity according to VAS Pain (p = 0.005), SST (p = 0.046), and ASES scores (p = 0.009). Soft tissue thickening of the rotator interval did not correlate with clinical symptom severity, but was associated with external rotation limitation (p = 0.002). However, none of the parameters correlated with clinical symptoms at 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indirect MR arthrography provided ancillary findings, especially with capsular enhancement, for evaluating clinical symptom severity of frozen shoulder, but did not reflect the prognosis. MR findings in frozen shoulder should not replace clinical judgments regarding further prognosis and treatment decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Pil
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Republic of Korea. smilecsw@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seok Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Joo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Sup
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyuck
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001175:Arthrography; D002062:Bursitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012399:Rotation; D012782:Shoulder; D012785:Shoulder Joint
keywords: Clinical symptom; Correlation; Frozen shoulder; Indirect MR arthrogram; MR finding