title: Development and Evaluation of Liquid and Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Atorvastatin.
abstract: The objective of this work was to design and characterize liquid and solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for poorly soluble atorvastatin. To optimize the composition of liquid atorvastatin-SEDDS, solubility tests, pseudoternary phase diagrams, emulsification studies and other in vitro examinations (thermodynamic stability, droplet size and zeta potential analysis) were performed. Due to the disadvantages of liquid SEDDS (few choices for dosage forms, low stability and portability during the manufacturing process), attempts were also made to obtain solid SEDDS. Solid SEDDS were successfully obtained using the spray drying technique from two optimized liquid formulations, CF3 and OF2. Despite liquid SEDDS formulation, CF3 was characterized by lower turbidity, higher percentage transmittance and better self-emulsifying properties, and based on the in vitro dissolution study it can be concluded that better solubilization properties were exhibited by solid formulation OF2. Overall, the studies demonstrated the possibility of formulating liquid and solid SEEDS as promising carriers of atorvastatin. SEDDS, with their unique solubilization properties, provide the opportunity to deliver lipophilic drugs to the gastrointestinal tract in a solubilized state, avoiding dissolution-a restricting factor in absorption rate of BCS Class 2 drugs, including atorvastatin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. anna.czajkowska@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czajkowska-Kośnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. marta.przybyslawska@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szekalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. aleksandra.amelian@umb.edu.pl.|Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. aleksandra.amelian@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amelian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. esz@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szymańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland. kwin@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winnicka
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D001682:Biological Availability; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D000069059:Atorvastatin
keywords: atorvastatin; lipid based formulation; poorly water soluble drug; self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS); spray drying technique