title: Trajectories of life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury: Influence of life roles, age, cognitive disability, and depressive symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (a) Identify life satisfaction trajectories after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI); (b) establish a predictive model for these trajectories across the first 5 years postinjury; and (c) describe differences in these life satisfaction trajectory groups, focusing on age, depressive symptoms, disability, and participation in specific life roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the longitudinal TBI Model Systems National Database was performed on data collected prospectively at 1-, 2-, and 5-years post-TBI. Participants (n = 3,012) had a moderate to severe TBI and were 16 years old and older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four life satisfaction trajectories were identified across the first 5 years postinjury, including: stable satisfaction, initial satisfaction declining, initial dissatisfaction improving, and stable dissatisfaction. Age, depressive symptoms, cognitive disability, and life role participation as a worker, leisure participant, and/ or religious participant at 1-year postinjury significantly predicted trajectory group membership. Life role participation and depressive symptoms were strong predictors of life satisfaction trajectories across the first 5 years post-TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The previously documented loss of life roles and prevalence of depression after a moderate to severe TBI make this a vulnerable population for whom low or declining life satisfaction is a particularly high risk. Examining individual life role participation may help to identify relevant foci for community-based rehabilitation interventions or supports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
authors.forename: Shannon B
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4709-545X
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Juengst
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Leah M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arenth
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Therese M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: O'Neil-Pirozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dreer
authors.affiliation: Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinical College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bombardier
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Marcel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dijkers
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003469:Culture; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012380:Role; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult