title: Consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for integrated vector management in Eritrea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contemporary malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticide-based, indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, malaria-endemic countries, including Eritrea, have struggled to effectively deploy these tools due technical and operational challenges, including the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. This manuscript outlines the processes undertaken in consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for vector control to expedite malaria elimination in Eritrea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effort to strengthen strategic frameworks for vector control in Eritrea was the 'case' for this study. The integrated vector management (IVM) strategy was developed in 2010 but was not well executed, resulting in a rise in malaria transmission, prompting a process to redefine and relaunch the IVM strategy with integration of other vector borne diseases (VBDs) as the focus. The information sources for this study included all available data and accessible archived documentary records on malaria vector control in Eritrea. Structured literature searches of published, peer-reviewed sources using online, scientific, bibliographic databases, Google Scholar, PubMed and WHO, and a combination of search terms were utilized to gather data. The literature was reviewed and adapted to the local context and translated into the consolidated strategic framework.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Eritrea, communities are grappling with the challenge of VBDs posing public health concerns, including malaria. The global fund financed the scale-up of IRS and LLIN programmes in 2014. Eritrea is transitioning towards malaria elimination and strategic frameworks for vector control have been consolidated by: developing an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy (2015-2019); updating IRS and larval source management (LSM) guidelines; developing training manuals for IRS and LSM; training of national staff in malaria entomology and vector control, including insecticide resistance monitoring techniques; initiating the global plan for insecticide resistance management; conducting needs' assessments and developing standard operating procedure for insectaries; developing a guidance document on malaria vector control based on eco-epidemiological strata, a vector surveillance plan and harmonized mapping, data collection and reporting tools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eritrea has successfully consolidated strategic frameworks for vector control. Rational decision-making remains critical to ensure that the interventions are effective and their choice is evidence-based, and to optimize the use of resources for vector control. Implementation of effective IVM requires proper collaboration and coordination, consistent technical and financial capacity and support to offer greater benefits.
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Specialist/Consultant, Kamwala South, Lusaka, Zambia. emmanuel_chanda@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. ameneshewab@who.int.
authors.forename: Birkinesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ameneshewa
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea. selamino2001@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Selam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihreteab
authors.affiliation: Communicable Diseases and Control Division, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea. araiabm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Araia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berhane
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Eritrea Country Office, Asmara, Eritrea. zehaiea@who.int.
authors.forename: Assefash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zehaie
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Eritrea Country Office, Asmara, Eritrea. ghebraty@who.int.
authors.forename: Yohannes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ghebrat
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Eritrea Country Office, Asmara, Eritrea. usmanaeri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdulmumini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D019017:Eritrea; D006285:Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011634:Public Health