title: Infection rate and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in pet and stray dogs in Henan Province, China.
abstract: Giardia duodenalis is an important protozoan parasite that is known to be zoonotic. To assess the potential zoonotic transmission of giardiasis from dogs and to identify genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in dog populations, we examined the infection rate and genotypes of G. duodenalis in both pet dogs (from pet dog farms, pet shops, pet hospitals, pet markets) and stray dogs of different ages in Henan Province, China. A total of 940 fresh fecal specimens were collected from 2007 to 2013 in Henan Province. The overall infection rate of G. duodenalis was 14.3% (134/940) as determined by microscopy, with the highest infection rate (17.3%) observed in dogs from shelters. Young dogs were more likely to be infected with G. duodenalis than adult dogs, and G. duodenalis cysts were found more frequently in diarrheic dogs. All G. duodenalis-positive isolates were characterized at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and β-giardin (bg) loci, and 37, 51, and 48 sequences were obtained, respectively. The dog-specific assemblages C and D were identified using multi-locus sequence analysis. Six novel sequences of the tpi locus, one novel sequence of the gdh locus and two novel sequences of the bg locus were detected among the G. duodenalis assemblage C isolates, while two novel sequences of the gdh locus were found among the G. duodenalis assemblage D isolates. Our data indicate that G. duodenalis is a common parasite and cause of diarrheal disease in dogs in Henan Province. However, there was no evidence for zoonotic G. duodenalis assemblages in the study population.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China; College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China. Electronic address: qimengdz@163.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China. Electronic address: dongju0528@163.com.
authors.forename: Haiju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China. Electronic address: Wrj-1978@163.com.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China. Electronic address: lijunqiangcool@126.com.
authors.forename: Junqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China. Electronic address: zhaojinfeng0226@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road 95, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China. Electronic address: zhanglx8999@henau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China. Electronic address: luojianxun@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D057805:Pets / Q000469:parasitology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C038207:giardin protein, Giardia lamblia; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
keywords: Dogs; Genetic diversity; Giardia duodenalis; Infection rate