title: Association between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor 2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ESRs) have been implicated in the stimulation of aberrant prostate growth and the development of prostate diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ESR2 gene in order to examine whetherESR2is a susceptibility gene for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In order to evaluate whether an association exists betweenESR2and BPH risk, four polymorphisms [rs4986938 (intron), rs17766755 (intron), rs12435857 (intron) and rs1256049 (Val328Val)] of the ESR2 gene were genotyped by direct sequencing. A total of 94 patients with BPH and 79 control subjects were examined. SNPStats and Haploview version 4.2 we used for the genetic analysis. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2, dominant, recessive and log-additive) were produced in order to obtain the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-value. Three SNPs (rs4986938, rs17766755 and rs12435857) showed significant associations with BPH (rs4986938, P=0.015 in log-additive model; rs17766755, P=0.033 in codominant1 model, P=0.019 in dominant model and P=0.020 in log-additive model; rs12435857, P=0.023 in dominant model and P=0.011 in log-additive model). The minor alleles of these SNPs increased the risk of BPH, and the AAC haplotype showed significant association with BPH (χ2=6.34, P=0.0118). These data suggest that the ESR2 gene may be associated with susceptibility to BPH.
authors.affiliation: Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Kang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ann
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hun Kuk
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyup
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Koo Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Cheol
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Herbal Crop Utilization Research Team, Department of Medicinal Crop Research, Rural Administration, Soi-myeon, Eumseong-gun 369-873, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ock
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: ESR2; benign prostatic hyperplasia; estrogen; estrogen receptor 2; single nucleotide polymorphism