title: Modeled and Measured Underwater Sound Isopleths and Implications for Marine Mammal Mitigation in Alaska.
abstract: Before operating air guns in Alaska, industry is usually required to model underwater sound isopleths, some of which have implications for the mitigation and monitoring of potential marine mammal impacts. Field measurements are often required to confirm or revise model predictions. We compared modeled and measured air gun sound isopleths from 2006 to 2012 and found poor agreement. Natural variability in the marine environment, application of precautionary correction factors, and data interpretation in the generation of circular isopleths all contributed to the observed poor agreement. A broader understanding of the realities of modeled and measured underwater sound isopleths will contribute to improved mitigation practices.
authors.affiliation: LAMA Ecological, 4311 Edinburgh Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99502, USA. lisanne@lamaecological.com.
authors.forename: Lisanne A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.affiliation: BP Exploration Alaska, Inc., Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA. bill.streever@bp.com.
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Streever
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000502:physiology*; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011312:Pressure; D013016:Sound; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Air gun; Marine Mammal Protection Act; Seismic; “Take” estimate