title: Hazard of ultraviolet radiation emitted in gas tungsten arc welding of aluminum alloys.
abstract: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted during arc welding frequently causes keratoconjunctivitis and erythema. The extent of the hazard of UVR varies depending on the welding method and conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the levels of UVR that are present under various conditions. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the hazard of UVR emitted in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of aluminum alloys. The degree of hazard of UVR is measured by the effective irradiance defined in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guidelines. The effective irradiances measured in this study are in the range 0.10-0.91 mW/cm(2) at a distance of 500 mm from the welding arc. The maximum allowable exposure times corresponding to these levels are only 3.3-33 s/day. This demonstrates that unprotected exposure to UVR emitted by GTAW of aluminum alloys is quite hazardous in practice. In addition, we found the following properties of the hazard of UVR. (1) It is more hazardous at higher welding currents than at lower welding currents. (2) It is more hazardous when magnesium is included in the welding materials than when it is not. (3) The hazard depends on the direction of emission from the arc.
authors.affiliation: Polytechnic University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000535:Aluminum; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D014414:Tungsten; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014896:Welding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D000535:Aluminum; D014414:Tungsten