title: Rare coexistence of mediastinal hepatoid adenocarcinoma, idiopathic azoospermia and horseshoe kidney: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is the term proposed for a special type of extrahepatic tumors, which is similar to the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. HAC has been observed in the stomach, colon, pancreas, gall bladder, lung and female genital tract, but rarely in the mediastinum. Now we describe a case of a 28-year-old Chinese male with primary mediastinal HAC with lung and liver metastasis. In this patient, HAC was associated with horseshoe kidney and idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia. It seemed derivation abnormalities during organogenesis in the embryo stage played a significant role in the pathogenesis of HAC, horseshoe kidney and idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia. Even the pathogenesis was still unknown; it may merit consideration of HAC together with horseshoe kidney and idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia as a syndrome rather than as a spectrum of coincidental diseases. Furthermore, we found the HAC is a neoplasm with unfavorable outcomes despite aggressive and multi-protocol strategies. The serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) should be regarded as a useful marker for diagnostic purposes and therapeutic response evaluation of HAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China 102 Luojiajing Road, Chenzhou 423000, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China 102 Luojiajing Road, Chenzhou 423000, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Song-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Si-Si
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000150:complications*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D000069337:Fused Kidney / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma; alpha fetoprotein; chemotherapy; hepatocellular carcinoma; horseshoe kidney; idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia