title: Noise Exposure Criteria for Harbor Porpoises.
abstract: Despite a major research effort, no generally accepted exposure limits are available for harbor porpoises. Recent studies of the temporary threshold shift (TTS) in porpoises indicate that the sound exposure levels (SELs) required to induce low levels of TTS depend on stimulus frequency and roughly parallel the shape of the audiogram. A number of studies on behavioral avoidance reactions (negative phonotaxis) to pingers, seal scarers, and pile driving show a similar dependence on stimulus frequency. Both TTS and behavioral data suggest that weighting sound pressure levels with a filter function resembling the inverted audiogram would be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark. jat@dmu.dk.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tougaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA. marinebrit@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark. peter.madsen@biology.au.dk.
authors.forename: Peter Teglberg
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Madsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D009622:Noise; D050741:Phocoena / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Behavioral response; Phocoena phocoena; Pile driving; Pinger; Seal scarer; Temporary threshold shift