title: Parental Restriction of Mature-rated Media and Its Association With Substance Use Among Argentinean Adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the independent relation between parental restrictions on mature-rated media (M-RM) and substance use among South American adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional school-based youth survey of 3,172 students (mean age, 12.8 years; 57.6% boys) in 3 large Argentinean cities. The anonymous survey queried tobacco, alcohol, and drug use using items adapted from global youth surveys. Adolescents reported M-RM restriction for internet and video game use, television programming, and movies rated for adults. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between parental M-RM restriction and substance use after adjustment for hourly media use, measures of authoritative parenting style, sociodemographic characteristics, and sensation-seeking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substance use rates were 10% for current smoking, 32% for current drinking alcohol, 17% for past 30-day binge drinking, and 8% for illicit drug use (marijuana or cocaine). Half of the respondents reported parental M-RM restriction (internet 52%, TV 43%, adult movies 34%, video game 25%). Parental M-RM restriction was only modestly correlated with authoritative parenting measures. In multivariate analyses M-RM restriction on all 4 venues was strongly protective for all substance use outcomes. Compared with no restriction, odds ratios for substance use for full restrictions were 0.32 (0.18-0.59), 0.53 (0.38-0.07), 0.36 (0.22-0.59), and 0.49 (0.26-0.92) for current smoking, drinking, binge drinking, and illicit drug use, respectively. The most important single M-RM venue was movies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study confirmed the protective association between parental M-RM restriction during adolescence and multiple substance use outcomes, including illicit drugs. M-RM restriction is independent of traditional parenting measures. The preponderance of the evidence supports intervention development.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentina; Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay, Argentina.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mejia
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentina; Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes, Argentina.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentina.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, SC.
authors.forename: Christy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kollath-Cattano
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentina; Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay, Argentina.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, SC.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thrasher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH. Electronic address: james.d.sargent@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sargent
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009040:Motion Pictures; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D020011:Protective Agents; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018910:Video Games
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents
keywords: alcohol; drugs; media; parenting; prevention; tobacco; youth