title: DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae).
abstract: Several forms or variants have long been recognized in the West Palearctic sweat bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895). Using DNA barcoding and morphological characters, primarily of the male genitalia, these variants are here recognized and described as five new species: S. gemmella Pauly sp. nov., S. submediterranea Pauly sp. nov., S. orientana Pauly & Devalez sp. nov., S. phryganica Pauly & Devalez sp. nov., and S. cretella Pauly & Devalez sp. nov. Also, we designate a lectotype for Halictus smaragdulus Vachal, consider Seladonia butea (Warncke, 1975) and S. morinella (Warncke, 1975) as nomina dubia, and discuss the identity of the Seladonia specimens from Australia currently determined as S. smaragdula.
authors.affiliation: OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.; Email: alain.pauly@brutele.be.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, University of the Aegean, Department of Geography, University Hill, Geography Building, GR-81100 Mytilene, Greece.; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devalez
authors.affiliation: OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Gontran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sonet
authors.affiliation: OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Zoltán Tamás
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boevé
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D049628:Body Size; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010802:Phylogeny