title: Purinergic Receptors: Key Mediators of HIV-1 Infection and Inflammation.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes a chronic infection that afflicts more than 30 million individuals worldwide. While the infection can be suppressed with potent antiretroviral therapies, individuals infected with HIV-1 have elevated levels of inflammation as indicated by increased T cell activation, soluble biomarkers, and associated morbidity and mortality. A single mechanism linking HIV-1 pathogenesis to this inflammation has yet to be identified. Purinergic receptors are known to mediate inflammation and have been shown to be required for HIV-1 infection at the level of HIV-1 membrane fusion. Here, we review the literature on the role of purinergic receptors in HIV-1 infection and associated inflammation and describe a role for these receptors as potential therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA.
authors.forename: Talia H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dubyak
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: HIV; P2X; P2X7; inflammasome; inflammation mediators; inflammatory cytokines