title: Interferon but not MxB inhibits foamy retroviruses.
abstract: Foamy viruses (FV) are retroviruses that are widely distributed in primate and non-primate animal species. We tested here FV with capsids of simian and non-simian origin for sensitivity to interferon-β (IFN-β). Our data show significant inhibition of FV by IFN-β early in infection of human HOS and THP-1 but not of HEK293T cells. The post-entry restriction of FV was not mediated by the interferon-induced MxB protein that was recently identified as a capsid-interacting restriction factor targeting Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before integration. Neither the ectopic expression of MxA or MxB in HEK293T cells nor the lack of MxB expression in CRISPR/CAS MxB THP-1 knockout cells impacted the infection of the tested FV. IFN-β treated THP-1 and THP-1 KO MxB cells showed the same extend of restriction to FV. Together, the data demonstrate that IFN-β inhibits FV early in infection and that MxB is not a restriction factor of FV.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hain
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ananda Ayyappan Jaguva
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Herman-Herder-Str. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reh
authors.affiliation: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panitz
authors.affiliation: Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.affiliation: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Herman-Herder-Str. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kochs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: dirk.lindemann@tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: carsten.muenk@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münk
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D016092:Spumavirus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C579068:MX2 protein, human; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta
keywords: Foamy viruses; Interferon; Lentiviral vector; MxA; MxB; Restriction factor