title: Role of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 in differentiating between malignant follicular thyroid carcinoma and benign follicular thyroid adenoma.
abstract: It is extremely difficult to discriminate between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) before surgery, because the morphologies of carcinoma cells and adenoma cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are similar. Molecular markers may be helpful on this issue. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 in differential diagnosis between FTC and FTA. GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 mRNA expression levels were examined in 15 FTCs and 10 FTAs using real-time RT-PCR. FTC showed to have significantly increased mRNA levels of the three molecules compared to FTA (P < 0.001 for all the three molecules). GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 protein expression in 106 FTCs and 128 FTAs were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The rates of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 high expression were 73.6%, 72.6% and 70.8% in FTC and 30.5%, 28.1% and 27.3% in FTA, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 protein expression were correlated with one another in FTC and concomitant high expression of the three molecules had stronger correlation with the occurrence of FTC than did each alone. The positive predictive values (PPV) for concomitant high expression of the three molecules for discriminating between FTC and FTA were 91.0% for GPER1/EGFR, 93.8% for GPER1/CXCR1, 92.3% for EGFR/CXCR1 and 98.2% for GPER1/EGFR/CXCR1, respectively. These results indicated that the evaluation of GPER1, EGFR and CXCR1 concomitant high expression may be helpful in differential diagnosis between FTC and FTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C109584:GPER1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: CXCR1; EGFR; GPER1; follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA); follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC)