title: Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows.
abstract: Thirty multiparous Holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. Experimental diets were a control containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental fat. Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly (P<0.05) high NEL intakes when compared to control with no fat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production (1.89-2.45 kg/d; P<0.01) and FCM production (1.05-2.79; P<0.01). Milk fat yield and percentage of cows fed fat-supplemented diets were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) higher than control. Between fat-supplemented diets, roasted soybean caused highest milk fat yield and extruded soybean caused lowest milk fat yield. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented diets was significantly (P<0.01) higher than control. Body weight, body weight change and BCS (body condition score) of cows, as well as energy balance and energy efficiency were similar between treatments. In conclusion, while there was no significant effect of fat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP (rumen undegradable protein) sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil. In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, P.O.Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amanlou
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maheri-Sis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bassiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirza-Aghazadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salamatdust
authors.affiliation: Azar Negin Coorporation, East Azerbaijan, Azarshahr, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moosavi
authors.affiliation: Azar Negin Coorporation, East Azerbaijan, Azarshahr, Iran.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karimi
keywords: Dairy cows; Fat supplements; Oilseeds; Whole soybean