title: Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Variables in Women with Schizophrenia: 31-Year Follow-Up Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To longitudinally analyze the course of cognitive dimensions in schizophrenic women over a period of 31 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accidental sampling. Developmental longitudinal design. Diagnosis according to the ICD-10. Thirty institutionalized women were evaluated using the WAIS on three separate occasions (in 1981, 1997, and 2012). The data were analyzed using a repeated measures split-plot method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients scored one to two standard deviations below the average on the WAIS. At all three evaluation times, they scored consistently, significantly worse on Performance IQ scales than on Verbal IQ in the following sequence: Processing Speed (PS) < Perceptual Organization (PO) < Working Memory (WM) < Verbal Comprehension (VC). Longitudinally, there was a significant, linear average trend that was stable between the first and second assessments, with a significant drop in scores at the third evaluation on Performance IQ (η2 = .586) and Verbal IQ scales (η2 = .299). The same trend was observed in PS (η2 = .655) and WM (η2 = .438), while PO decreased across the three evaluations (η2 = .509) and no difference in VC was found (η2 = .126).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with schizophrenia presented with a low cognitive level. Longitudinally, they had a stable, differential profile of WAIS factors until late life, when performance dropped significantly.
authors.affiliation: Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia(Spain).
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanguino-Andrés
authors.affiliation: Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia(Spain).
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López-Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Complejo Hospitalario San Luis(Spain).
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González-Pablos
authors.affiliation: Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia(Spain).
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guarido-Rivera
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Sanguino
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: López-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia(Spain).
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaquero-Casado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000209:etiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: WAIS; cognitive dysfunction; longitudinal study; schizophrenia