title: Studied microRNA gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma by microRNA microarray techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To achieve a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microRNA expression changes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this research process, patients were not treated with antivirals, immunosuppressants or immunomodulators for at least 6 mo before collecting serum. The study population was composed of 35 outpatient hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases and 12 healthy control cases from the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia, China) from July 2013 to April 2014. The 35 HBV cases were divided into two groups: a hepatocirrhosis group with 20 cases and a liver cancer group with 15 cases. All 35 cases carried HBsAg. The diagnostic criteria followed the European Association for the Study of the Liver 2012 (EASL2012) standards. MicroRNA (miRNA) was extracted from a control group of patients, a group with hepatocirrhosis and a group with liver cancer and its quality was analyzed using the human V2 microRNA expression beadchip. Cluster analysis and a radar chart were then applied to the miRNA changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The miRNA-qualified rate of human serum samples was 93%. The concentration of a single sample was > 200 ng/μL and the volume was > 5 μL. All miRNA serum samples were uncontaminated by the genome. The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in miRNA between each group, with a detection P-value of < 0.05. Illumina software was set up with Diff Score set to ± 13, meaning that P = 0.001.There were significant changes in miRNA expression between the three groups. miRNA-183 was the most up-regulated, followed by miRNA-373. miRNA-129 and miRNA-188 were both strongly down-regulated and miRNA-378 was down-regulated a small amount. The liver cancer group had greater changes, which indicated that changes in miRNA expression levels were caused by hepatocirrhosis. The liver cancer disease course then further increased these changes. In the pentagon created by these five miRNAs, three groups showed significant deviation. The liver cancer group had a bigger deviation trend. The chart indicated that miRNA expression changes occurred in the hepatocirrhosis group, which increased in the liver cancer disease course and were irreversible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant relationship between the irreversible up-regulation of miRNA-183/373 and down-regulation of miRNA-129/188/378 and incidences of hepatocirrhosis and liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: Jian-Xiang Niu, Xing-Kai Meng, Jian-Jun Ren, Department of General Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Jian-Xiang Niu, Xing-Kai Meng, Jian-Jun Ren, Department of General Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Kai
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Jian-Xiang Niu, Xing-Kai Meng, Jian-Jun Ren, Department of General Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Expression; Hepatocellular carcinoma; MicroRNA; Microarray technologies; Radar chart