title: The Ahmed Glaucoma Valve in Refractory Glaucoma: Experiences in Southwest Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of refractory glaucoma is a challenging task for any glaucoma surgeon. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation in refractory glaucomas in South-West Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted on the charts of consecutive patients treated with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation at Jimma University Specialized Hospital between August 2012 and August 2014. Success was defined as Intraocular Pressure (IOP) less than 22 mm Hg and greater than 5mm Hg at 6 months, with at least 30% reduction from baseline, without medical therapy (complete success) or either with or without medication (qualified successes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 eyes of 11 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 40.7 (SD= 19.0) years; 63.6% of them were males. The main types of glaucoma were pseudoexfoliative (3 eyes), uveitic (2 eyes), chronic angle closure (2 eyes) and Juvenile Open Angle (JOAG) (2 eyes). The mean IOP was reduced from preoperative level (32.75±7.14 mmHg) to (15.75 ±4.35 mmHg) at six postoperative months, (P<0.001); 66.7% eyes had complete successes while 83.3% had qualified success. Intra-operative complications were encountered in 2(16.7%) eyes, while 5/12 (41.7%) eyes had post-operative complications-hypotony (one with choroidal effusion) and progression of cataract in 2 eyes each. Hypertensive phase was diagnosed in 2(16.7%) eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ahmed glaucoma valve implant appears to be effective and relatively safe for treating complicated glaucomas with success rate comparable with those reported from other studies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ahmed glaucoma valve, refractory glaucoma, complications, Ethiopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Girum W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gessesse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult