title: Biofilms of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum: Effect on stress responses, antagonistic effects on pathogen growth and immunomodulatory properties.
abstract: Few studies have extensively investigated probiotic functions associated with biofilms. Here, we show that strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum are able to grow as biofilm on abiotic surfaces, but the biomass density differs between strains. We performed microtiter plate biofilm assays under growth conditions mimicking to the gastrointestinal environment. Osmolarity and low concentrations of bile significantly enhanced Lactobacillus spatial organization. Two L. plantarum strains were able to form biofilms under high concentrations of bile and mucus. We used the agar well-diffusion method to show that supernatants from all Lactobacillus except the NA4 isolate produced food pathogen inhibitory molecules in biofilm. Moreover, TNF-α production by LPS-activated human monocytoid cells was suppressed by supernatants from Lactobacillus cultivated as biofilms but not by planktonic culture supernatants. However, only L. fermentum NA4 showed anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish embryos fed with probiotic bacteria, as assessed by cytokine transcript level (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10). We conclude that the biofilm mode of life is associated with beneficial probiotic properties of lactobacilli, in a strain dependent manner. Those results suggest that characterization of isolate phenotype in the biofilm state could be additional valuable information for the selection of probiotic strains.
authors.affiliation: UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Alimentation, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoudia
authors.affiliation: UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Alimentation, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: aurelie.rieu@u-bourgogne.fr.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rieu
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 91300 Massy, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Briandet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 91300 Massy, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 866, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chluba
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 866, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Gaëtan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jego
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 866, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre anticancéreux George François Leclerc, CGFL, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Alimentation, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052197:Limosilactobacillus fermentum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009093:Mucus / Q000382:microbiology; D019936:Probiotics; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Immunomodulatory effects; Lactobacillus biofilms; Probiotic; Zebrafish model