title: Different clinical course of pallidal deep brain stimulation for phasic- and tonic-type cervical dystonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dystonia has been treated well using deep brain stimulation at the globus pallidus internus (GPi DBS). Dystonia can be categorized as two basic types of movement, phasic-type and tonic-type. Cervical dystonia is the most common type of focal dystonia, and sequential differences in clinical outcomes between phasic-type and tonic-type cervical dystonia have not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included a retrospective cohort of 30 patients with primary cervical dystonia who underwent GPi DBS. Age, disease duration, dystonia direction, movement types, employment status, relevant life events, and neuropsychological examinations were analyzed with respect to clinical outcomes following GPi DBS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only significant factor affecting clinical outcomes was movement type (phasic or tonic). Sequential changes in clinical outcomes showed significant differences between phasic- and tonic-type cervical dystonia. A delayed benefit was found in both phasic- and tonic-type dystonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical outcome of phasic-type cervical dystonia is more favorable than that of tonic-type cervical dystonia following GPi DBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsuro Bupyeong-Gu, Incheon, 403-720, South Korea.
authors.forename: Moonyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, #56 Dongsuro Bupyeong-Gu, Incheon, 403-720, South Korea. fnsics.catholic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ryoong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cervical dystonia; Deep brain stimulation; Prognosis; Surgical treatment