title: Impact of Chronic Sleep Disturbance for People Living With T1 Diabetes.
abstract: The aim was to explore personal experiences and to determine the impact of impaired sleep on well-being and diabetes-related activities/decision making among a cohort of people living with T1D.
  
  
  
  Adults with T1D over the age of 18 and parents/carers of children with T1D were invited to complete an online questionnaire about their quality and quantity of sleep. Questions included impact of sleep on diabetes-related decision making, effective calculation of bolus doses, important aspects of psychosocial functioning, and frequency of waking. Diasend download data were used to objectively determine frequency of nocturnal blood glucose testing in children.
  
  
  
  A total of 258 parent/carer participants (n = 221 female, 85.6%) and 192 adults with T1D (n = 145, 75.5% female, age range 19 to 89 years) took part. In all, 239 parents/carers and 160 adults believed waking in the night has an impact on their usual daily functioning. Of these, 236 parents/carers and 151 (64%) adults reported the impact as negative. Chronic sleep interruption was associated with detrimental impact on mood, work, family relationships, ability to exercise regularly, ability to eat healthily, and happiness.
  
  
  
  Chronic sleep interruption is highly prevalent in adults with T1D and parents/carers of children with T1D with negative effects on daily functioning and well-being. Appropriate interventions are required to alleviate this burden of T1D, address modifiable risk factors for nocturnal hypoglycemia, and reduce the (perceived) need for nocturnal waking.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health & Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK kbarnard@bournemouth.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health & Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: William Sansum Diabetes Center, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Hospital of Halland, Kungsbacka, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
authors.affiliation: Unitio Inc and T1 Diabetes Exchange, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Runion
authors.affiliation: Unitio Inc and T1 Diabetes Exchange, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serbedzija
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: health status; sleep disturbance; type 1 diabetes