title: Variables Associated with Severity of Bacterial Canker and Wilt Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Tomato Greenhouses.
abstract: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker and wilt of tomato, is considered to be one of the most important bacterial pathogens worldwide. In the year 2000 there was an increase in the number of infected greenhouses and in the severity of the disease in Israel. As part of the effort to cope with the disease, a comprehensive survey was conducted. Scouts recorded disease severity monthly in 681 production units. At the end of the season the scouts met with the growers and together recorded relevant details about the crop and cultural practices employed. The results suggested an absence of anisotropy pattern in the study region. Global Moran's I analysis showed that disease severity had significant spatial autocorrelation. The strongest spatial autocorrelation occurred within a 1,500 m neighborhood, which is comparable to the distance between production units maintained by one grower (Farm). Next, we tested three groups of variables including or excluding the Farm as a variable. When the Farm was included the explained variation increased in all the studied models. Overall, results of this study demonstrate that the most influential factor on bacterial canker severity was the Farm. This variable probably encompasses variation in experience, differences in agricultural practices between growers, and the quality of implementation of management practices.
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borenstein
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shulhani
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lofthouse
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofer
authors.affiliation: First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; second author: Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; and fifth and sixth authors: Negev R&D Center, D.N. Negev, 85400, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shtienberg
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000502:physiology*; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D007557:Israel; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Solanum lycopersicum; geostatistics; hierarchical partitioning