title: Validity of the alcohol purchase task: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Behavioral economists assess alcohol consumption as a function of unit price. This method allows construction of demand curves and demand indices, which are thought to provide precise numerical estimates of risk for alcohol problems. One of the more commonly used behavioral economic measures is the Alcohol Purchase Task (APT). Although the APT has shown promise as a measure of risk for alcohol problems, the construct validity and incremental utility of the APT remain unclear. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the APT literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were gathered via searches of the PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science and EconLit research databases. Random-effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting were used to calculate summary effect sizes for each demand index-drinking outcome relationship. Moderation of these effects by drinking status (regular versus heavy drinkers) was examined. Additionally, tests of the incremental utility of the APT indices in predicting drinking problems above and beyond measuring alcohol consumption were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The APT indices were correlated in the expected directions with drinking outcomes, although many effects were small in size. These effects were typically not moderated by the drinking status of the samples. Additionally, the intensity metric demonstrated incremental utility in predicting alcohol use disorder symptoms beyond measuring drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Alcohol Purchase Task appears to have good construct validity, but limited incremental utility in estimating risk for alcohol problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kiselica
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Troy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Marina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bornovalova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics*; D000067292:Alcohol Drinking in College / Q000523:psychology; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003132:Commerce; D065786:Delay Discounting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol; behavioral; drinking; economics; meta-analysis; purchase task; review