title: Increased Production of Lysozyme Associated with Bacterial Proliferation in Barrett's Esophagitis, Chronic Gastritis, Gluten-induced Atrophic Duodenitis (Celiac Disease), Lymphocytic Colitis, Collagenous Colitis, Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Colitis.
abstract: The mucosa of the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine and rectum are unremittingly challenged by adverse micro-environmental factors, such as ingested pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, and harsh secretions with digestive properties with disparate pH, as well as bacteria and secretions from upstream GI organs. Despite the apparently inauspicious mixture of secretions and bacteria, the normal GI mucosa retains a healthy state of cell renewal. To by-pass the tough microenvironment, the epithelia of the GI react by speeding-up cell exfoliation, by increasing peristalsis, eliminating bacteria through secretion of plasma cell-immunoglobulins and by increasing production of natural antibacterial enzymes (lysozyme) and host defense peptides (defensin-5). Lysozyme was recently found up-regulated in Barrett's esophagitis, in chronic gastritis, in gluten-induced atrophic duodenitis (celiac disease), in collagenous colitis, in lymphocytic colitis and in Crohn's colitis. This up-regulation is a response directed towards the special types of bacteria thriving in the microenvironment in each of the aforementioned clinical inflammatory maladies. The purpose of that up-regulation is to protect the mucosa affected by the ongoing chronic inflammation. Bacterial antibiotic resistance continues to exhaust our supply of effective antibiotics. The future challenge is how to solve the increasing menace of bacterial resistance to anti-bacterial drugs. Further research on natural anti-bacterial enzymes such as lysozyme, appears mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Karolinska Instutute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Carlos.Rubio@ki.se.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D046729:Colitis, Collagenous / Q000473:pathology*; D046730:Colitis, Lymphocytic / Q000473:pathology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000473:pathology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000473:pathology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D009113:Muramidase / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Lysozyme; chronic inflammation; colon; duodenum; esophagus; review; stomach