title: p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol, an Active Phenolic Ingredient of Gastrodia elata, Reverses the Cycloheximide-Induced Memory Deficit by Activating the Adrenal Gland in Rats.
abstract: The present study investigated the ameliorating effects of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), an active phenolic ingredient of Gastrodia elata, on cycloheximide (CXM)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response and clarified the role of adrenal glands on the effect of HBA in rats. An adrenalectomy (ADX) caused the memory deficit from 1 to 3 days after surgery. Administration of corticosterone (CORT) plus glucose completely recovered the memory deficit caused by ADX, and this effect was better than that of glucose or CORT alone. HBA ameliorated the memory deficit induced by CXM in sham and ADX rats, but ADX partially blocked it. Furthermore, plasma glucose, epinephrine and adrenal steroid levels of ADX rats significantly decreased. Sham rats who received HBA had an increase in plasma glucose and adrenal steroid levels. Therefore, we suggest that the reversal of CXM-induced memory deficit by HBA was partially dependent on adrenal glands through the increase of the levels of plasma adrenal steroids.
authors.affiliation: * School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lung-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: * School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wang-Chuan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: * School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fan-Shiu
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: * School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan.|† E-DA Hospital, No. 1, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: ‡ Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Rei
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: * School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003513:Cycloheximide; D031668:Gastrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C018966:4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003513:Cycloheximide; D005947:Glucose; D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Adrenal Steroids; Adrenalectomy; Cycloheximide; Gastrodia elata; Passive Avoidance Task; p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol