title: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus incana Roxb.
abstract: Considering the indigenous utilization of Quercus incana Roxb., the present study deals with the investigation of antioxidant, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity of Q. incana Roxb. In vitro antioxidant activity of the plant fractions were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxide scavenging method. Total phenolic contents were determined by gallic acid equivalent and antimicrobial activities were determined by agar well diffusion method. It was observed that Q. incana Roxb. showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. n-Butanol fraction showed maximum activity against Micrococcus leuteus with 19 mm zone of inhibition. n-Butanol fraction of Q. incana Roxb. showed immense antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (32 mm ± 0.55) and A. flavus (28 mm ± 0.45). Similarly n-butanol fraction showed relatively good antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 55.4 ± 0.21 μg/mL. The NO scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 = 23.21 ± 0.31 μg/mL) was fairly good compared to other fractions. The current study of Q. incana Roxb. suggests the presences of synergetic action of some biological active compounds that may be present in the leaves of medicinal plant. Further studies are needed to better characterize the important active constituents responsible for the antimicrobial, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rizwana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Afsar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology, University of Swabi Anbar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Haji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahadar
authors.affiliation: Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Reaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uddin
keywords: Quercus incana Roxb.; antimicrobial; antioxidant activity; free radical scavenging; oxidative stress