title: Comparing sports vision among three groups of soft tennis adolescent athletes: Normal vision, refractive errors with and without correction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of correcting static vision on sports vision is still not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether sports vision (depth perception [DP], dynamic visual acuity [DVA], eye movement [EM], peripheral vision [PV], and momentary vision [MV],) were different among soft tennis adolescent athletes with normal vision (Group A), with refractive error and corrected with (Group B) and without eyeglasses (Group C).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-section study was conducted. Soft tennis athletes aged 10-13 who played softball tennis for 2-5 years, and who were without any ocular diseases and without visual training for the past 3 months were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  DPs were measured in an absolute deviation (mm) between a moving rod and fixing rod (approaching at 25 mm/s, receding at 25 mm/s, approaching at 50 mm/s, receding at 50 mm/s) using electric DP tester. A smaller deviation represented better DP. DVA, EM, PV, and MV were measured on a scale from 1 (worse) to 10 (best) using ATHLEVISION software.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the data among the three study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 73 athletes (37 in Group A, 8 in Group B, 28 in Group C) were enrolled in this study. All four items of DP showed significant difference among the three study groups (P = 0.0051, 0.0004, 0.0095, 0.0021). PV displayed significant difference among the three study groups (P = 0.0044). There was no significant difference in DVA, EM, and MV among the three study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant better DP and PV were seen among soft tennis adolescent athletes with normal vision than those with refractive error regardless whether they had eyeglasses corrected. On the other hand, DVA, EM, and MV were similar among the three study groups.
authors.forename: Shih-Tsun
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yen-Hsiu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jiahn-Shing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lai-Chu
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: See
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult