title: Longitudinal Evaluation of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of ADHD in a Sample of College Students With ADHD.
abstract: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal pathways to impairment as outlined in the cognitive-behavioral model of ADHD in a sample of 59 college students diagnosed with ADHD.
  
  
  
  Serial mediation models were used to test whether underachievement, defined as prior year GPA, would longitudinally predict self-reported impairment at the end of the next school year, through negative self-concept and associated changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression, while controlling for baseline impairment and changes in ADHD symptoms.
  
  
  
  Findings supported the cognitive-behavioral model of ADHD. The association between prior year GPA and overall impairment at the end of the year was fully mediated through self-concept and symptoms of depression.
  
  
  
  These results help explain why impairment often persists even when ADHD symptoms remit and suggests that internalizing symptoms may be an important target for intervention in college students with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dvorsky
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Molitor
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Elizaveta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bourchtein
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Oddo
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Hana-May
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Eadeh
authors.affiliation: 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014477:Underachievement; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADHD; anxiety; cognitive-behavioral model; college students; depression; self-concept