title: Spontaneous bilateral haemothorax as presentation of primary pleural epithelioid haemangioendothelioma.
abstract: Pleural epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare tumour that originates in the vascular endothelium with an intermediate degree of malignancy between haemangioma and angiosarcoma. Smoking and asbestos exposure are unproven risk factors and diagnosis is usually confirmed by thoracoscopy, since pleural fluid (PF) cytology is often not conclusive. Immunohistochemistry can also help to confirm the diagnosis. We report an 85-year-old patient with bilateral pleural EHE diagnosed by thoracoscopy, who debuted with a spontaneous bilateral haemothorax, the second described so far, and we conducted a thorough review of the literature to describe the clinical, radiological and prognostic features, as well as the PF, of this rare tumour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferreiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Interdisciplinary Pulmonology Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: San-José
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suárez-Antelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Ihab
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdulkader
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Anxo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-de-Alegría
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Interdisciplinary Pulmonology Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco-Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: González-Barcala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.|Interdisciplinary Pulmonology Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valdés
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000378:metabolism; D018323:Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010994:Pleura / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods
keywords: pleural effusion - haemothorax - pleural epithelioid haemangioendothelioma - rare tumour