title: An ERP source imaging study of the oddball task in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with ADHD have difficulties attending to task-relevant events, which has been consistently associated with reductions in the amplitude of the P3b event-related potential (ERP) component. However, the underlying neural networks involved in this P3b reduction remain elusive. Therefore, this study explored source localization of P3b alterations in children with ADHD, aiming at a more detailed account of attentional difficulties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dense array ERPs were obtained for 36 children with ADHD and 49 typically developing children (TD) using an auditory oddball task. The P3b component (310-410 ms) was individually localized with the LAURA distributed linear inverse solution method and compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADHD group showed reduced P3b amplitudes in response to targets compared to the TD group. Differences were located primarily in frontopolar (cinguloopercular network, BA10) and temporoparietal regions (ventral attention network, BA39 and 19) in the left hemisphere. Reductions in P3b amplitudes were related to more inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity problems in the ADHD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show alterations in both top-down and bottom-up attention-related brain areas, which may underlie P3b amplitude reductions in children with ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides novel data on both temporal and spatial aspects of dysfunctional attention processes in ADHD.
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 1F-66, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: twp.janssen@vu.nl.
authors.forename: T W P
authors.initials: TWP
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Yulius Academy, Dennenhout 1, 2994 GC Barendrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geladé
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 1F-62, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Mourik
authors.affiliation: Yulius Academy, Dennenhout 1, 2994 GC Barendrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maras
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 1E-41, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosterlaan
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology
keywords: ADHD; Attention; Children; Event-related potential; Oddball; Source localization