title: Assessment of Musculoskeletal Malignancies with Functional MR Imaging.
abstract: Functional MR imaging is the technique of choice to evaluate and manage malignant musculoskeletal masses. Advanced MR imaging sequences include chemical shift MR imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, MR spectroscopy imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging. Functional MR imaging adds value to morphologic sequences in the detection, characterization, staging, and posttherapy assessment of malignant musculoskeletal malignancies. This article reviews the technical role of each functional sequence and their clinical applications to allow more confident decisions to be made. Multiparametric analysis of functional and anatomic MR sequences allows musculoskeletal tumors analysis to be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Clínica Girona, IDI, Catalan Health Institute, University of Girona, Lorenzana 36, Girona 17002, Spain. Electronic address: kvilanova@comg.cat.
authors.forename: Joan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baleato-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Imaging, DADISA, Health Time, Zona Franca, Avenida Consejo de Europa, Nave 1, Cadiz 11011, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Universitario Quirón, Diego de Velázquez 1, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrascoso-Arranz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Health Time, Carmelo Torres 2, Jaén 23006, Spain; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, 44106 Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000639:trends*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000639:trends; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Bone tumors; Diffusion-weighted image; Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging; MR imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging; Malignant skeletal neoplasms; Soft tissue tumors