title: The bio refinery; producing feed and fuel from grain.
abstract: It is both possible and practicable to produce feed and fuel from grain. Using the value of grain to produce renewable energy for transport, while using the remaining protein content of the grain as a valuable protein source for livestock and for fish, can be seen as a complimentary and optimal use of all the grain constituents. Consideration must be given to maximise the value of the yeast components, as substantial yeast is generated during the fermentation of the grain starch to produce ethanol. Yeast is a nutritionally rich feed ingredient, with potential for use both as feed protein and as a feed supplement with possible immunity and gut health enhancing properties. Bioprocessing, with the consequent economies of scale, is a process whereby the value of grain can be optimised in a way that is traditional, natural and sustainable for primarily producing protein and oil for feed with a co-product ethanol as a renewable fuel.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, Nottingham NG25 0QF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: dawn.scholey@ntu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Scholey
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, Nottingham NG25 0QF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Ag_Bio, Silver Street, Brixworth NN6 9BY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P E V
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Biorefining; Fuel and feed; Yeast