title: Resistant hypertension in type 2 diabetes: prevalence and patients characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistant hypertension is defined as failure to achieve blood pressure lower than 140/90 mmHg when using three antihypertensive agents or controlled blood pressure with four or more drugs. We aimed at assessing the prevalence of resistant hypertension and to describe a type 2 diabetes population with resistant hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retrospective observational study included (n=73) type 2 diabetes subjects with resistant hypertension selected from (n=728) subjects admitted to the Centre of Diabetes, Cluj, Romania.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects (70% women) had a mean age of 65.0±8.9 yrs. and diabetes duration 11(6-19) yrs. Prevalence of resistant hypertension was 10%. Chronic diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease were present in 77% and 56% of subjects respectively. On admission, antihypertensive drugs used were: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptors blockers 93%, β-blockers 88%, diuretics 78%, calcium channels blockers 59%, adrenergic α-antagonists 11%. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower in the last compared to first admission day. Diuretics and calcium channels blockers were the most frequently newly added antihypertensive agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the prevalence of resistant hypertension in type 2 diabetes did not differ from the general population, we observed that these patients had increased frequency of chronic diabetic complications. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptors and β-blockers were the most used antihypertensive drugs, while the most frequently newly prescribed drugs were diuretics and calcium channel blockers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Dana Mihaela
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ciobanu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kilfiger
authors.affiliation: Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Romania.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Apan
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Romania.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Romania.
authors.forename: Ioan Andrei
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Veresiu
keywords: antihypertensive agents; diabetes mellitus; diabetic complications; hypertension