title: Controversies in the pathophysiology and management of hyphema.
abstract: Traumatic hyphemas present dilemmas to physicians. There are numerous controversies pertaining to the optimal approach to traumatic hyphema and no standardized guidelines for its management. We address some of these controversies and present a pragmatic approach. We discuss various medical agents and surgical techniques available for treatment, along with the indications for their use. We address the complications associated with hyphema and how to diagnose and manage them and consider the management of hyphema in special situations such as in children and sickle-cell anemia and in rare clinical syndromes such as recurrent hyphema after placement of anterior chamber intraocular lenses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroophthamlology, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Svati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Insitute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Dinesh Visva
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Gunasekeran
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Insitute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Insitute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.affiliation: Medical Retina Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Insitute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Medical Retina Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: rupesh_agrawal@ttsh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Rupesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006988:Hyphema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009184:Mydriatics
keywords: angle recession; hyphema; surgical drainage; traumatic glaucoma