title: The effects of weathering and chemical dispersion on Deepwater Horizon crude oil toxicity to mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) early life stages.
abstract: To better understand the impact of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident on commercially and ecologically important pelagic fish species, a mahi-mahi spawning program was developed to assess the effect of embryonic exposure to DWH crude oil with particular emphasis on the effects of weathering and dispersant on the magnitude of toxicity. Acute lethality (96 h LC50) ranged from 45.8 (28.4-63.1) μg l(-1) ΣPAH for wellhead (source) oil to 8.8 (7.4-10.3) μg l(-1) ΣPAH for samples collected from the surface slick, reinforcing previous work that weathered oil is more toxic on a ΣPAH basis. Differences in toxicity appear related to the amount of dissolved 3 ringed PAHs. The dispersant Corexit 9500 did not influence acute lethality of oil preparations. Embryonic oil exposure resulted in cardiotoxicity after 48 h, as evident from pericardial edema and reduced atrial contractility. Whereas pericardial edema appeared to correlate well with acute lethality at 96 h, atrial contractility did not. However, sub-lethal cardiotoxicity may impact long-term performance and survival. Dispersant did not affect the occurrence of pericardial edema; however, there was an apparent reduction in atrial contractility at 48 h of exposure. Pericardial edema at 48 h and lethality at 96 h were equally sensitive endpoints in mahi-mahi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science, University of Texas, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States. Electronic address: a.esbaugh@austin.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Esbaugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States.
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States.
authors.forename: Tanya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States.
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: French
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States.
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Linbo
authors.affiliation: Stratus Consulting/Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, United States.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.affiliation: Stratus Consulting/Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, United States.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forth
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States.
authors.forename: Nathaniel L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, United States.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Incardona
authors.affiliation: Stratus Consulting/Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, United States.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010473:Perciformes / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C470995:corexit 9500
keywords: Atrial contractility; Corexit 9500; Dispersant; PAH; Pericardial edema; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon