title: Mu insertion in feuD triggers the increase in nisin immunity in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis N8.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to explore how feuD mutation triggered the increase in nisin immunity of Lactococcus lactis L58, which was proven to be a feuD::Em-Mu mutant of Lc. lactis N8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant difference genes of Lc. lactis L58 and Lc. lactis N8 were compared at transcription and protein levels. Analysis revealed that the feuD mutation induced decrease in histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein PtsH (HPr) and increase in thioredoxin reductase TrxB (TR). Determination of iron concentration and cytoplasmic membrane potential (MP) showed the iron concentration decreased around 10% and the MP decreased approx. 14% in Lc. lactis L58.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in nisin immunity was dominated by TR up-expression by two main mechanisms in Lc. lactis L58. First, the TR-TRX (thioredoxin reductase) system changed the composition of cytoplasmic membrane by regulating the lipid metabolism to enhance the cells' resistance to nisin. Second, iron starvation stress induced decrease in MP; hence, the binding affinity of nisin to lipid II of Lc. lactis L58 decreased, which, in turn, increased the nisin immunity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The knowledge on regulation mechanism of nisin immunity was enriched, and the theoretical basis for improving nisin production in engineering strain could be provided.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P E J
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010583:Bacteriophage mu / Q000235:genetics*; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009561:Nisin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009561:Nisin; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; C030182:phosphocarrier protein HPr; C102526:nisin A
keywords: TR-TRX system; cytoplasmic membrane potential (MP); feuD mutation; nisin immunity; thioredoxin reductase