title: Roots extracts of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica improve obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-obesity activity and the action mechanism of the roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extract (ATE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The roots of Adenophora triphylla were extracted with 70% ethanol. To demonstrate the compounds, linoleic acid was analyzed by using gas chromatography; and the anti-obesity effects and possible mechanisms of ATE were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with ATE inhibited the lipid accumulation without cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, 200 and 400 mg/kg ATE treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain, white adipose tissues (WATs) weight and plasma triglyceride level, while 100 and 200 mg/kg ATE treatment increased the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the HFD-induced obese mice, as compared with the HFD group. Treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg ATE also lowered the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and reduced the lipid accumulation in liver. ATE treatment showed significantly lower expression level of adipogenesis-related proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and furthermore, decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, aP2, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and lipoprotein lipase mRNA expression levels in WAT of the HFD-induced obese mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that the ATE has an anti-obesity effect, which may be elicited by regulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes and proteins in adipocytes and WAT of the HFD-induced obese mice.
authors.affiliation: NutraPham Tech, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Ryung
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: NutraPham Tech, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Keun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: DONG IL Pharmtec, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tack-Man
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, VIEVIS NAMUH Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ymichigan@mju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jwsuh@mju.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Joo-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Suh
keywords: Adipocytes; Anti-obesity; High-fat diet-induced obese mice; Lipogenesis; Roots of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extract