title: Mechanic Insight into Aggregation of Lysozyme by Ultrasensitive Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Sedimentation Velocity.
abstract: Folding and aggregation of proteins profoundly influence their functions. We have investigated the effects of thermal history, concentration and pH on the denaturation and refolding of lysozyme by using ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimetry (US-DSC) and sedimentation velocity (SV) via analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). The former is sensitive to small energy change whereas the latter can differentiate the oligomers such as dimer and trimer from individual protein molecules. Our studies reveal that the degree of denaturation irreversibility increases as heating times increases. The denaturation temperature (Td) and enthalpy change (ΔH) are influenced by heating rate since the denaturation is not in equilibrium during the heating. We can obtain Td and ΔH in equilibrium by extrapolation of heating rate to zero. In a dilute solution, no aggregation but unfolding happens in the denaturation. However, when the concentration is above a critical value (∼15.0 mg/mL), lysozyme molecules readily form trimers or other oligomers. Lysozyme molecules unfold into stretched chains at pH > 6.0, which would further forms large aggregates. The formation of aggregates makes the refolding of lysozyme impossible.
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, China.|Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, P. R. China 510640.
authors.forename: Guangzhao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002645:Chickens; D004529:Egg White / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D066329:Protein Aggregates; D058849:Protein Refolding; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D066329:Protein Aggregates; D009113:Muramidase