title: The Role of Spirituality and Religiosity in Persons Living With Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of the Literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious debilitating chronic illness, affecting approximately 90,000 Americans and millions globally. Spirituality and religiosity (S/R) may ease the burden faced by persons living with SCD. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of S/R in adolescents and adults living with SCD in the research literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Source Nursing/Academic, ProQuest Health Module, PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed, and the American Theological Library Association were searched from January 1995 to December 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 89 studies retrieved, 11 articles between 2001 and 2013 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four themes emerged. The themes included (a) S/R as sources of coping, (b) S/R enhance pain management, (c) S/R influence health care utilization, and (d) S/R improve quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of S/R may be significant in coping with SCD, managing pain, affecting hospitalizations, and affecting quality of life. This review can direct researchers exploring S/R in adolescents and adults living with SCD.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee clayjone@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clayton-Jones
authors.affiliation: Marquette University, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haglund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D029181:Spirituality
keywords: adolescents; adults; children chronic conditions; sickle cell disease; spirituality