title: Dihydrochalcone Compounds Isolated from Crabapple Leaves Showed Anticancer Effects on Human Cancer Cell Lines.
abstract: Seven dihydrochalcone compounds were isolated from the leaves of Malus crabapples, cv. "Radiant", and their chemical structures were elucidated by UV, IR, ESI-MS, ¹H-NMR and (13)C-NMR analyses. These compounds, which include trilobatin (A1), phloretin (A2), 3-hydroxyphloretin (A3), phloretin rutinoside (A4), phlorizin (A5), 6''-O-coumaroyl-4'-O-glucopyranosylphloretin (A6), and 3'''-methoxy-6''-O-feruloy-4'-O-glucopyranosyl-phloretin (A7), all belong to the phloretin class and its derivatives. Compounds A6 and A7 are two new rare dihydrochalcone compounds. The results of a MTT cancer cell growth inhibition assay demonstrated that phloretin and these derivatives showed significant positive anticancer activities against several human cancer cell lines, including the A549 human lung cancer cell line, Bel 7402 liver cancer cell line, HepG2 human ileocecal cancer cell line, and HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. A7 had significant effects on all cancer cell lines, suggesting potential applications for phloretin and its derivatives. Adding a methoxyl group to phloretin dramatically increases phloretin's anticancer activity.
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. vipqindada@163.com.|Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China. vipqindada@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China. 13521981395@163.com.
authors.forename: Yun Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. zzqswu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. yaoyc_20@126.com.|Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China. yaoyc_20@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuncong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D047188:Chalcones / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D010936:Plant Extracts; C015812:dihydrochalcone
keywords: Malus crabapples; anticancer activity; dihydrochalcone compounds; human cancer cell lines; leaves