title: Colloidal crystal based plasma polymer patterning to control Pseudomonas aeruginosa attachment to surfaces.
abstract: Biofilm formation on medical implants and subsequent infections are a global problem. A great deal of effort has focused on developing chemical contrasts based on micro- and nanopatterning for studying and controlling cells and bacteria at surfaces. It has been known that micro- and nanopatterns on surfaces can influence biomolecule adsorption, and subsequent cell and bacterial adhesion. However, less focus has been on precisely controlling patterns to study the initial bacterial attachment mechanisms and subsequently how the patterning influences the role played by biomolecular adsorption on biofilm formation. In this work, the authors have used colloidal self-assembly in a confined area to pattern surfaces with colloidal crystals and used them as masks during allylamine plasma polymer (AAMpp) deposition to generate highly ordered patterns from the micro- to the nanoscale. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-aldehyde was grafted to the plasma regions via "cloud point" grafting to prevent the attachment of bacteria on the plasma patterned surface regions, thereby controlling the adhesive sites by choice of the colloidal crystal morphology. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen to study the bacterial interactions with these chemically patterned surfaces. Scanning electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy, and epifluorescence microscopy were used for pattern characterization, surface chemical analysis, and imaging of attached bacteria. The AAMpp influenced bacterial attachment because of the amine groups displaying a positive charge. XPS results confirm the successful grafting of PEG on the AAMpp surfaces. The results showed that PEG patterns can be used as a surface for bacterial patterning including investigating the role of biomolecular patterning on bacterial attachment. These types of patterns are easy to fabricate and could be useful in further applications in biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pingle
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Peng-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunications, Electrical, Robotics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kingshott
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers