title: A Japanese cross-sectional multicentre study of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in smokers and non-smokers.
abstract: We performed a cross-sectional, multicentre study in Japan to detect the differences in biomarkers of exposure and cardiovascular biomarkers between smokers and non-smokers. Several clinically relevant cardiovascular biomarkers differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers, including lipid metabolism (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations - lower in smokers), inflammation (fibrinogen and white blood cell count - both higher in smokers), oxidative stress (8-epi-prostaglandin F2α - higher in smokers) and platelet activation (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 - higher in smokers) (p ≤ 0.0001). These results provide further evidence showing that cardiovascular biomarkers can discriminate smokers from non-smokers, and could be used to evaluate the risks associated with tobacco products.
authors.affiliation: a Philip Morris Products S.A., Research & Development , Neuchatel , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lüdicke
authors.affiliation: a Philip Morris Products S.A., Research & Development , Neuchatel , Switzerland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magnette
authors.affiliation: a Philip Morris Products S.A., Research & Development , Neuchatel , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gizelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: a Philip Morris Products S.A., Research & Development , Neuchatel , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weitkunat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000652:urine; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000652:urine; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D013929:Thromboxane B2; C049235:11-dehydro-thromboxane B2; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015237:Dinoprost; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: Biomarkers; Japan; cardiovascular disease; cigarettes; smoking