title: Effects of 12-month, 2000IU/day vitamin D supplementation on treatment naïve and vitamin D deficient Saudi type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether 12-month, 2000IU/day vitamin D supplementation cardiometabolically improves treatment naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Saudi patients with vitamin D deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 12-month interventional study was conducted at primary health centers in 5 different residential areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2013 and January 2014. Forty-five Saudi  T2DM  patients were enrolled. Baseline anthropometrics, glycemic, and lipid profiles were measured and repeated after 6 and 12 months. All subjects were provided with 2000IU vitamin D supplements for one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin D deficiency at baseline was 46.7%, 31.8% after 6 months, and 35.6% after 12 months, indicating an overall improvement in the vitamin D status in the entire cohort. Insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after 12 months were significantly lower than a 6 months (p less than 0.05), but comparable to baseline values. Mean levels of triglycerides increased overtime from baseline (1.9±0.01 mmol/l) to 12 months (2.1±0.2 mmol). This modest increase in serum triglycerides was parallel to the insignificant decrease in circulating high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve-month vitamin D supplementation of 2000IU per day in a cohort of treatment naïve Saudi patients with T2DM resulted in improvement of several cardiometabolic parameters including systolic blood pressure, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Further studies that include a placebo group are suggested to reinforce findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. mayalshahwan@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: May A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Shahwan
authors.forename: Abdulaziz M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Othman
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Shaun B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sabico
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D