title: Factors associated with leisure-time physical activity among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage renal disease patients are characterized by low levels of physical activity, especially during leisure time. However, the recognition of variables associated with patterns of physical activity in this population has been little explored. Thus, the objective was to assess factors associated with levels of physical activity during leisure time among patients on haemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight patients (51.6 ± 15.7 years, 57 M/41 F) from two dialysis centres in São Paulo, Brazil participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were divided into those who never exercised during leisure-time (inactive) and those who exercised at least once a week (active). The independent factors assessed were: socio-demographic data, comorbidities, personal barriers to exercise and physical activity records from childhood to adulthood (tracking of physical activity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 27 % of patients were engaged in PA during their leisure time at least once a week. Patients who engaged in regular physical activity during adulthood before the initiation of the hemodialysis treatment (adjusted OR: 7.24 95 % IC: 1.99; 26.50), those who developed the renal disease through diseases other than diabetes or hypertension (adjusted OR: 4.82; 95 % IC: 1.48; 15.68), and those who had no cardiovascular diseases (adjusted OR: 11.33; 95 % IC: 1.23; 103.8) where more likely to be active during their leisure-time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus as well as the level of physical activity prior to end-stage renal disease could predict leisure-time physical activity among patients receiving hemodialysis therapy.
authors.affiliation: Unesp - Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Rio Claro, Seção Técnica de Pós-graduação, Sao Paulo State University, Avenida 24-A n° 1515 - Bairro Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro/SP, Brazil. clarasuemi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Clara S C
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. denibueno@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Denise R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil. giovana.damasceno@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Giovana D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil. luisgobbo@fct.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Luís A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gobbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil. ismael@fct.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Ismael F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece. gsakkas@uth.gr.
authors.forename: Giorgos K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sakkas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil. heu@fc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Henrique L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors