title: State Dependency of Chemosensory Coding in the Gustatory Thalamus (VPMpc) of Alert Rats.
abstract: The parvicellular portion of the ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPMpc) is the part of the thalamus that processes gustatory information. Anatomical evidence shows that the VPMpc receives ascending gustatory inputs from the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) in the brainstem and sends projections to the gustatory cortex (GC). Although taste processing in PbN and GC has been the subject of intense investigation in behaving rodents, much less is known on how VPMpc neurons encode gustatory information. Here we present results from single-unit recordings in the VPMpc of alert rats receiving multiple tastants. Thalamic neurons respond to taste with time-varying modulations of firing rates, consistent with those observed in GC and PbN. These responses encode taste quality as well as palatability. Comparing responses to tastants either passively delivered, or self-administered after a cue, unveiled the effects of general expectation on taste processing in VPMpc. General expectation led to an improvement of taste coding by modulating response dynamics, and single neuron ability to encode multiple tastants. Our results demonstrate that the time course of taste coding as well as single neurons' ability to encode for multiple qualities are not fixed but rather can be altered by the state of the animal. Together, the data presented here provide the first description that taste coding in VPMpc is dynamic and state-dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over the past years, a great deal of attention has been devoted to understanding taste coding in the brainstem and cortex of alert rodents. Thanks to this research, we now know that taste coding is dynamic, distributed, and context-dependent. Alas, virtually nothing is known on how the gustatory thalamus (VPMpc) processes gustatory information in behaving rats. This manuscript investigates taste processing in the VPMpc of behaving rats. Our results show that thalamic neurons encode taste and palatability with time-varying patterns of activity and that thalamic coding of taste is modulated by general expectation. Our data will appeal not only to researchers interested in taste, but also to a broader audience of sensory and systems neuroscientists interested in the thalamocortical system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794.
authors.forename: Haixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 alfredo.fontanini@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontanini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: coding; expectation; palatability; state-dependent; taste; thalamus