title: Malleus to Stapes Bone Cement Rebridging Ossiculoplasty: Why Don't We Perform Frequently?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of malleus to stapes bone cement rebridging (MS-BCR) for Austin Kartush group A ossicular defects and compare the audiological results with incus interposition (IP) and incus to stapes bone cement rebridging (IS-BCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients for whom type 2 tympanoplasty had been performed in a tertiary referral center were examined. Revision cases and those with graft failure were excluded. Three treatment groups were IS-BCR, IP, and MS-BCR. Preoperative and postoperative audiological results were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 92 patients were enrolled. The IS-BCR was performed in 42 (45.65%), IP in 18 (19.56%), and MS-BCR in 32 (34.78%) patients. Postoperative mean air bone gap was 20.1 ± 9.8 dB HL and did not differ significantly between the groups (P = .271). Postoperative mean air bone gap less than 20 dB HL was achieved in 23 (54.7%) patients in IS-BCR, 10 (55.5%) patients in IP group, and 24 (75%) patients in MS-BCR group (P = .06). Mean closure in air bone gap was 14.0 ± 11.6 dB HL. The changes in mean and frequency-specific air bone gap were not significantly different between treatment groups (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malleus to stapes bone cement rebridging may provide hearing results comparable to IS-BCR and IP.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey deniztunaedizer@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Deniz Tuna
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Edizer
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf Muhammed
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Durna
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahtiyar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamit
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demirhan
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yigit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007188:Incus / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008307:Malleus / Q000601:surgery*; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019933:Ossicular Replacement / Q000379:methods; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013199:Stapes; D013201:Stapes Surgery / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014433:Tympanoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements
keywords: chronic middle ear disease; chronic otitis media; functional measures; middle ear; ossiculoplasty