title: Prevalence of self-reported jaw pain in Germany: two cross-sectional surveys of the general German population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the prevalence of jaw pain as a local, regional, or widespread pain condition and its association with psychosocial variables in a large representative group of the general population from all regions in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two representative samples consisting of 2524 and 2515 subjects, respectively, the 7-day and 3-month pain prevalences were measured by using the Regional Pain Scale (RPS). Somatic symptom burden (somatization) and pain-related depression were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Somatic Symptom Scale, respectively. Binary logistic regression was chosen to calculate the associations between demographic and psychological clinical predictor variables with jaw pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7-day jaw pain prevalence was 4.0 % (95 % CI = 3.2-4.8). Of the subjects with jaw pain, only 9 % had local pain (1 pain site), while the remaining 91 % reported regional pain (2-5 pain sites), or widespread pain (6-19 pain sites). The 3-month prevalence of generally present jaw pain was 0.9 % (95 % CI = 0.6-1.0). Regional or widespread pain was present in 82 % of the participants. Jaw pain was predicted by somatic symptom burden (past 7 days, OR = 1.15 [95 % CI = 1.09-1.22]; past 3 months, OR = 1.13 [95 % CI = 1.02-1.25]), but not by depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most individuals with jaw pain have additional pain in other anatomical regions. They might also exhibit a greater risk for pain-associated somatic symptom burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of pain distribution in the whole body and the use of a psychometric screening questionnaire for somatic symptom burden are recommended for individuals presenting with jaw pain in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry and Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental School, University of Basel, Hebelstr. 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. jens.tuerp@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Türp
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmutzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brähler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Häuser
mesh_terms: D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Depression; General population survey; Pain; Self-report; Somatic symptom burden; Temporomandibular disorders