title: Ethical, Legal, and Administrative Considerations for Preparticipation Evaluation for Wilderness Sports and Adventures.
abstract: Preparticipation evaluations (PPEs) are common in team, organized, or traditional sports but not common in wilderness sports or adventures. Regarding ethical, legal, and administrative considerations, the same principles can be used as in traditional sports. Clinicians should be trained to perform such a PPE to avoid missing essential components and to maximize the quality of the PPE. In general, participants' privacy should be observed; office-based settings may be best for professional and billing purposes, and adequate documentation of a complete evaluation, including clearance issues, should be essential components. Additional environmental and personal health issues relative to the wilderness activity should be documented, and referral for further screening should be made as deemed necessary, if unable to be performed by the primary clinician. Travel medicine principles should be incorporated, and recommendations for travel or adventure insurance should be made.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery; Community and Family Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr C. C. Young). Electronic address: cyoung@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Craig C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Family and Sports Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (Dr Campbell).
authors.forename: Aaron D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (Dr. Lemery).
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemery
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado (Dr D. S. Young).
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013177:Sports; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D057236:Travel Medicine / Q000941:ethics; D055814:Wilderness
keywords: ethics; legal; preparticipation evaluation; wilderness medicine