title: Novel Sensor-Enabled Ex Vivo Bioreactor: A New Approach towards Physiological Parameters and Porcine Artery Viability.
abstract: The aim of the present work is to design and construct an ex vivo bioreactor system to assess the real time viability of vascular tissue. Porcine carotid artery as a model tissue was used in the ex vivo bioreactor setup to monitor its viability under physiological conditions such as oxygen, pressure, temperature, and flow. The real time tissue viability was evaluated by monitoring tissue metabolism through a fluorescent indicator "resorufin." Our ex vivo bioreactor allows real time monitoring of tissue responses along with physiological conditions. These ex vivo parameters were vital in determining the tissue viability in sensor-enabled bioreactor and our initial investigations suggest that, porcine tissue viability is considerably affected by high shear forces and low oxygen levels. Histological evaluations with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining show intact endothelium with fresh porcine tissue whereas tissues after incubation in ex vivo bioreactor studies indicate denuded endothelium supporting the viability results from real time measurements. Hence, this novel viability sensor-enabled ex vivo bioreactor acts as model to mimic in vivo system and record vascular responses to biopharmaceutical molecules and biomedical devices.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Raghavendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mundargi
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mogal
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Subbu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods