title: Heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli promotes intestinal colonization of Salmonella enterica.
abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of infantile and travellers' diarrhoea, which poses a serious health burden, especially in developing countries. In addition, ETEC bacteria are a major cause of illness and death in neonatal and recently weaned pigs. The production of a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) promotes the colonization and pathogenicity of ETEC and may exacerbate co-infections with other enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. We showed that the intraintestinal presence of LT dramatically increased the intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium load in experimentally inoculated pigs. This could not be explained by direct alteration of the invasion or survival capacity of Salmonella in enterocytes, in vitro. However, we demonstrated that LT affects the enteric mucus layer composition in a mucus-secreting goblet cell line by significantly decreasing the expression of mucin 4. The current results show that LT alters the intestinal mucus composition and aggravates a Salmonella Typhimurium infection, which may result in the exacerbation of the diarrhoeal illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. Electronic address: elin.verbrugghe@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verbrugghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Parys
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bregje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnouts
authors.affiliation: Valneva Austria GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ducatelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van den Broeck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maryam Atef
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yekta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haesebrouck
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000382:microbiology; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000382:microbiology; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009093:Mucus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D009077:Mucins; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli
keywords: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Heat-labile enterotoxin; Mucus; Salmonella Typhimurium