title: Influence of zygomycete-derived D'orenone on IAA signalling in Tricholoma-spruce ectomycorrhiza.
abstract: Despite the rising interest in microbial communication, only few studies relate to mycorrhization and the pool of potential morphogenic substances produced by the surrounding soil community. Here, we investigated the effect exerted by the C18 - ketone β-apo-13-carotenone, D'orenone, on the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum and its symbiosis with the economically important host tree, spruce (Picea abies). D'orenone is an early intermediate in the biosynthesis of morphogens in sexual development of mucoromycetes, the trisporoids. In the ectomycorrhizal fungus T. vaccinum, D'orenone increased the production and/or release of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) which had been proposed to be involved in the mutual symbiosis. The induced expression of the fungal aldehyde dehydrogenase, Ald5 is associated with IAA synthesis and excretion. In the host tree, D'orenone modulated root architecture by increasing lateral root length and hypertrophy of root cortex cells, likely via changed IAA concentrations and flux. Thus, we report for the first time on carotenoid metabolites from soil fungi affecting both ectomycorrhizal partners. The data imply a complex network of functions for secondary metabolites which act in an inter-kingdom signalling in soil.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.|Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke-Martina
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sammer
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kniemeyer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kothe
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000378:metabolism*; D028222:Picea / Q000382:microbiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D055439:Tricholoma / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D002338:Carotenoids; C030737:indoleacetic acid; C071310:beta-apo-13-carotenone; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase