title: Review of ultrasound appearance in inflammatory breast cancer: A pictorial essay.
abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare malignancy accounting for 1-2% of breast cancers. It has an aggressive clinical presentation and poor prognosis. The sonographic findings in 41 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IBC and biopsy-proven breast malignancy are presented in this study. The most common finding was the presence of skin thickening (92%). Multiple small anechoic spaces within the dermis, correlating with the presence of dermal lymphatic invasion by tumour emboli on histopathology were noted in approximately one-third of cases. Other sonographic findings included single or multiple masses, parenchymal oedema, axillary lymphadenopathy, echogenic foci consistent with microcalcifications and increased vascularity.
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Dilupani Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Abeywardhana
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Vinicius C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Deepthi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dissanayake
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.|School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-1141
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: PathWest, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Cecily
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.affiliation: School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.|Department of Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Christobel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.|School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wylie
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D058922:Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*
keywords: breast; dermal lymphatic dilatation; inflammatory breast cancer; skin thickening; ultrasound