title: Effects of corticosteroids and their combinations with hyaluronanon on the biochemical properties of porcine cartilage explants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intra-articular injection of corticosteroids is used to treat the inflammatory pain of arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA), but our previous study found a deleterious effect of these steroids on chondrocyte cells. Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection has been suggested as a means to counteract negative side effects through replenishment of synovial fluid that can decrease pain in affected joints. To better understand the effects of corticosteroids on these processes, dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone (Pred) were administered to porcine cartilage explants at several concentrations with and without HA. We examined corticoid effects by determining sulfate-glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) and uronic acid (UA) content of the explant media, and safranin-O staining of the cells. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was conducted to assess cell cytotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dex treatment significantly reduced cellular cytotoxicity compared to the other treatment groups, especially with regards to the release of s-GAG, and protects against superficial proteoglycan damage. However, there was no difference between Pred and Dex, with and without HA, in the UA content remaining in porcine cartilage explants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that combinations of Dex and Pred with HA did not have a significant effect on protection or enhancement of the articular cartilage matrix under the current conditions.
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. siengdee.p@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Puntita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siengdee
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. tiwaporn.radee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tiwaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Radeerom
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. prinziie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Similan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuanoon
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. kat_kung@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Thippaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Euppayo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. waraneep@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Waranee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pradit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. siriwadee@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Siriwadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chomdej
authors.affiliation: Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. ongchai.submission@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siriwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ongchai
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. korakot.n@cmu.ac.th.|Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. korakot.n@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Korakot
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nganvongpanit
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D011241:Prednisone