title: Metabolic Reprogramming of Stem Cell Epigenetics.
abstract: For many years, stem cell metabolism was viewed as a byproduct of cell fate status rather than an active regulatory mechanism; however, there is now a growing appreciation that metabolic pathways influence epigenetic changes associated with lineage commitment, specification, and self-renewal. Here we review how metabolites generated during glycolytic and oxidative processes are utilized in enzymatic reactions leading to epigenetic modifications and transcriptional regulation. We discuss how "metabolic reprogramming" contributes to global epigenetic changes in the context of naive and primed pluripotent states, somatic reprogramming, and hematopoietic and skeletal muscle tissue stem cells, and we discuss the implications for regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine Group, Basic & Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. Electronic address: jgryall@gmail.com.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ryall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cliff
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20829, USA. Electronic address: sartorev@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006019:Glycolysis; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D011506:Proteins; D002244:Carbon; D010100:Oxygen