title: Association between satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5 exposure and coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies have identified associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular events, though most have relied on concentrations from central-site air quality monitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized a cohort of 5679 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization at Duke University between 2002-2009 and resided in North Carolina. We used estimates of daily PM2.5 concentrations for North Carolina during the study period based on satellite derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements and PM2.5 concentrations from ground monitors, which were spatially resolved with a 10×10km resolution, matched to each patient's residential address and averaged for the year prior to catheterization. The Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) index was used to measure severity of CAD; scores >23 represent a hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesion in at least one major coronary vessel. Logistic regression modeled odds of having CAD or an MI with each 1μg/m(3) increase in annual average PM2.5, adjusting for sex, race, smoking status and socioeconomic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted models, a 1μg/m(3) increase in annual average PM2.5 was associated with an 11.1% relative increase in the odds of significant CAD (95% CI: 4.0-18.6%) and a 14.2% increase in the odds of having a myocardial infarction (MI) within a year prior (95% CI: 3.7-25.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5 exposure were associated with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McGuinn
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cavin K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ward-Caviness
authors.affiliation: US EPA, RTP, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Neas
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: US EPA, RTP, NC, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diaz-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: US EPA, RTP, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Wayne E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Cascio
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dowdy
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chudnovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutrakis
authors.affiliation: US EPA, RTP, NC, United States. Electronic address: devlin.robert@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D017215:Satellite Communications; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Coronary disease; Epidemiology; Myocardial infarction; PM(2.5); Spatiotemporal analyses