title: Lactic Acid Bacteria Protects Caenorhabditis elegans from Toxicity of Graphene Oxide by Maintaining Normal Intestinal Permeability under different Genetic Backgrounds.
abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is safe and useful for food and feed fermentation. We employed Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the possible beneficial effect of LAB (Lactobacillus bulgaricus) pretreatment against toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and the underlying mechanisms. LAB prevented GO toxicity on the functions of both primary and secondary targeted organs in wild-type nematodes. LAB blocked translocation of GO into secondary targeted organs through intestinal barrier by maintaining normal intestinal permeability in wild-type nematodes. Moreover, LAB prevented GO damage on the functions of both primary and secondary targeted organs in exposed nematodes with mutations of susceptible genes (sod-2, sod-3, gas-1, and aak-2) to GO toxicity by sustaining normal intestinal permeability. LAB also sustained the normal defecation behavior in both wild-type nematodes and nematodes with mutations of susceptible genes. Therefore, the beneficial role of LAB against GO toxicity under different genetic backgrounds may be due to the combinational effects on intestinal permeability and defecation behavior. Moreover, the beneficial effects of LAB against GO toxicity was dependent on the function of ACS-22, homologous to mammalian FATP4 to mammalian FATP4. Our study provides highlight on establishment of pharmacological strategy to protect intestinal barrier from toxicity of GO.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233020, China.
authors.forename: Yunli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Ruhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.|College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Ruilong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006108:Graphite / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D006108:Graphite; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D010087:Oxides; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C525107:Sod-3 protein, C elegans; C510541:AAK-2 protein, C elegans; C468009:GAS-1 protein, C elegans