title: Use of ancient copper slags in Portland cement and alkali activated cement matrices.
abstract: Some Chilean copper slag dumps from the nineteenth century still remain, without a proposed use that encourages recycling and reduces environmental impact. In this paper, the copper slag abandoned in landfills is proposed as a new building material. The slags studied were taken from Playa Negra and Púquios dumps, both located in the region of Atacama in northern Chile. Pozzolanic activity in lime and Portland cement systems, as well as the alkali activation in pastes with copper slag cured at different temperatures, was studied. The reactivity of the slag was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical conductivity and pH in aqueous suspension and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, copper slag-Portland cement mortars with the substitution of 25% (by weight) of cement by copper slag and alkali-activated slag mortars cured at 20 and 65 °C were made, to determine the compressive strength. The results indicate that the ancient copper slags studied have interesting binding properties for the construction sector.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, Edificio 4G, Valencia, 46022, Spain; Instituto Tecnológico, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile. Electronic address: amin.nazer@uda.cl.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazer
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, Edificio 4G, Valencia, 46022, Spain. Electronic address: jjpaya@cst.upv.es.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payá
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, Edificio 4G, Valencia, 46022, Spain. Electronic address: vborrachero@cst.upv.es.
authors.forename: María Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Borrachero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, Camino de Vera s/n, Edificio 4G, Valencia, 46022, Spain. Electronic address: jmmonzo@cst.upv.es.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monzó
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry; D002677:Chile; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003252:Construction Materials; D003300:Copper; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008669:Metallurgy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010209:Paper; D059027:Recycling; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper
keywords: Alkali activation; Copper slag; Geopolymer; Pozzolanic activity