title: Mitigating ammonia nitrogen deficiency in dairy wastewaters for algae cultivation.
abstract: This study demonstrated that the limiting factor to algae growth on dairy wastewater was the ammonia nitrogen deficiency. Dairy wastewaters were mixed with a slaughterhouse wastewater that has much higher ammonia nitrogen content. The results showed the mixing wastewaters improved the nutrient profiles and biomass yield at low cost. Algae grown on mixed wastewaters contained high protein (55.98-66.91%) and oil content (19.10-20.81%) and can be exploited to produce animal feed and biofuel. Furthermore, algae grown on mixed wastewater significantly reduced nutrient contents remained in the wastewater after treatment. By mitigating limiting factor to algae growth on dairy wastewaters, the key issue of low biomass yield of algae grown on dairy wastewaters was resolved and the wastewater nutrient removal efficiency was significantly improved by this study.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Wenguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Yen T T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Urriola
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Shurson
authors.affiliation: Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: ruanx001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D056804:Biofuels; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003611:Dairy Products; D003612:Dairying; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000172:deficiency*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D056804:Biofuels; D003470:Culture Media; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Biomass; Chlorella vulgaris; Dairy wastewater; Mixing; Nutrient removal