title: Effects of Impulsive Pile-Driving Exposure on Fishes.
abstract: Six species of fishes were tested under aquatic far-field, plane-wave acoustic conditions to answer several key questions regarding the effects of exposure to impulsive pile driving. The issues addressed included which sound levels lead to the onset of barotrauma injuries, how these levels differ between fishes with different types of swim bladders, the recovery from barotrauma injuries, and the potential effects exposure might have on the auditory system. The results demonstrate that the current interim criteria for pile-driving sound exposures are 20 dB or more below the actual sound levels that result in the onset of physiological effects on fishes.
authors.affiliation: Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, New London Submarine Base, Groton, CT, 06349, USA. bcasper@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Brandon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Casper
authors.affiliation: ProBioSound, Holmes Beach, FL, 32418, USA. tj3carlson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Marine Science Laboratory, Battelle-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA. Michele.Halvorsen@pnl.gov.
authors.forename: Michele B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. apopper@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Arthur N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Popper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000502:physiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D009622:Noise; D012474:Salmon / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: Anthropogenic sound; Barotrauma; Ear; High-intensity controlled-impedance fluid-filled wave tube; Nonauditory tissues; Swim bladder