title: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate normative data on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised (HVLT-R) across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the HVLT-R as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final multiple linear regression models explained 17- 45% of the variance in HVLT-R scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women in Guatemala on the HVLT-R, it was a small effect size. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study will have a substantial impact on the practice of neuropsychology in Latin America, as this is the first normative multicenter study to develop norms for the HVLT-R in this region.
authors.affiliation: IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.affiliation: CETYS University, Mexicali, Mexico.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Saracho
authors.affiliation: Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Agudelo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Vocacional Enrique Díaz de León, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguayo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Prevención Social, Asunción, Paraguay.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schebela
authors.affiliation: Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, San Salvador, El Salvador.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Clínica de rehabilitación Las Araucarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longoni
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina de Rehabilitación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Fundación Horizontes, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ocampo-Barba
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galarza-Del-Angel
authors.affiliation: Servicio Médico Legal, Ministerio de Justicia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliaga
authors.affiliation: International center for neurological Restoration CIREN, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bringas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neuropsicología y Demencias, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esenarro
authors.affiliation: Fundación Horizontes, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Egan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Perrin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007843:Latin America; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014706:Verbal Learning; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test– Revised; Latin America; Normative data; verbal learning and memory