title: Hydride Generation for Headspace Solid-Phase Extraction with CdTe Quantum Dots Immobilized on Paper for Sensitive Visual Detection of Selenium.
abstract: A low-cost, simple, and highly selective analytical method was developed for sensitive visual detection of selenium in human urine both outdoors and at home, by coupling hydride generation with headspace solid-phase extraction using quantum dots (QDs) immobilized on paper. The visible fluorescence from the CdTe QDs immobilized on paper was quenched by H2Se from hydride generation reaction and headspace solid-phase extraction. The potential mechanism was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as Density Functional Theory (DFT). Potential interferences from coexisting ions, particularly Ag(+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+), were eliminated. The selectivity was significantly increased because the selenium hydride was effectively separated from sample matrices by hydride generation. Moreover, due to the high sampling efficiency of hydride generation and headspace solid phase extraction, the sensitivity and the limit of detection (LOD) were significantly improved compared to conventional methods. A LOD of 0.1 μg L(-1) and a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) of 2.4% at a concentration of 20 μg L(-1) were obtained when using a commercial spectrofluorometer as the detector. Furthermore, a visual assay based on the proposed method was developed for the detection of Se, 5 μg L(-1) of selenium in urine can be discriminated from the blank solution with the naked eye. The proposed method was validated by analysis of certified reference materials and human urine samples with satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
authors.forename: Kailai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.|Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
authors.forename: Xiandeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
authors.forename: Chengbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004284:Dogfish; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D010209:Paper; D045663:Quantum Dots; D011789:Quantum Theory; D012643:Selenium / Q000652:urine*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013691:Tellurium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D012643:Selenium; D013691:Tellurium; C028337:cadmium telluride