title: Cumulative Effects of Exposure to Continuous and Intermittent Sounds on Temporary Hearing Threshold Shifts Induced in a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).
abstract: The effects of exposure to continuous and intermittent anthropogenic sounds on temporary hearing threshold shifts (TTSs) in a harbor porpoise were investigated by testing hearing before and after exposure to 1- to 2-kHz downsweeps of 1 s, without harmonics, presented as paired-intermittent and continuous-exposure combinations with identical cumulative sound exposure levels (SEL(cum)). Exposure to intermittent sounds resulted in lower TTSs than exposure to continuous sounds with the same SEL(cum). Therefore, the hearing of marine mammals is at less risk from intermittent anthropogenic noises than from continuous ones at the same received sound pressure level and duration.
authors.affiliation: Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), 3843 CC, Harderwijk, The Netherlands. researchteam@zonnet.nl.
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kastelein
authors.affiliation: Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), 3843 CC, Harderwijk, The Netherlands. gransier.r@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gransier
authors.affiliation: Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), 3843 CC, Harderwijk, The Netherlands. leanhoek@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lean
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D050741:Phocoena / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound
keywords: Anthropogenic sound; Naval sonar; Odontocetes; Pile driving; Recovery of hearing; Seismic surveys