title: Time dictates: emerging clinical analyses of the impact of circadian rhythms on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease.
abstract: Since the advent of modern molecular tools, researchers have extensively shown that essential cellular machineries have robust circadian (roughly 24 hours) variations in their pace. This molecular rhythmicity translates directly into time-of-day-dependent variation in physiology in most organ systems, which in turn provides the mechanistic rationale for why timing on a daily basis should matter in many aspects of human health. However, these basic science findings have been slow to move from bench to bedside because clinical studies are still lacking to demonstrate the importance of timing. Therefore, it has not been clear how physicians should incorporate knowledge of natural 24-hour rhythms into routine practice. This review is a brief summary of results from recently completed clinical studies on hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and adrenal dysfunction that highlights new evidence for the emerging importance of circadian rhythms in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary, and Marie-Curie Intra-European research fellow, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Andras D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Akhilesh B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Circadian rhythm; NSBP; dawn phenomenon; ischaemia onset time; near-physiological hormone replacement