title: Endocrine activities and cellular stress responses in the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus exposed to cobalt, zinc and their organic nanocomplexes.
abstract: Metal-containing materials are extensively used in industry, personal care products and medicine, and their release in the environment causes concern for the potential impacts on aquatic organisms. We assessed endocrine disrupting potential of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-based nanoparticles (Me-PSs) containing cobalt (Co(2+)) or zinc (Zn(2+)), using the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus as a model. Adult males were exposed for 14 days to waterborne Co(2+) (50μg/L), Zn(2+) (100μg/L) or corresponding concentrations of Co-PS, Zn-PS, or parental polymeric compound (PS). The indices of thyroid activity, vitellogenesis, cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases activity (EROD) and cytotoxicity markers were evaluated. Exposure to Co(2+) led to the elevation of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and hepatic deiodinase activities accompanied by the up-regulation of EROD activity. In contrast, the action of the polymer-containing substances (Co-PS, Zn-PS and PS) as well as free Zn(2+) caused a prominent decrease of EROD activity and a decrease in serum cortisol and TSH concentrations. Exposures to Zn(2+), Zn-PS and PS upregulated vitellogenesis in males. All exposures except Co(2+) caused neurotoxicity as indicated by the depletion of cholinesterase. These results demonstrate toxicity of Co- and Zn-containing Me-PSs and their parental compounds (Zn(2+) and PS) in frogs and indicate distinct mechanisms of Co(2+) action. Broad disruption of the hormonal pathways and reduced capacity for organic xenobiotic detoxification may have deleterious impacts on amphibian populations from habitats exposed to metallorganic pollution.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; I.Ya Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Falfushynska
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine; I.Ya Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Lesya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gnatyshyna
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fedoruk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
authors.forename: Inna M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sokolova
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine. Electronic address: Oksana.Stolyar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stoliar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D003035:Cobalt / Q000633:toxicity*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011898:Ranidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D053833:Wetlands; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003035:Cobalt; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Cobalt; Cytotoxicity; Nanoparticles; Pelophylax ridibundus; Thyrotropin; Vitellogenin; Zinc