title: Football training in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: activity profile and short-term skeletal and postural balance adaptations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the activity profile of football training and its short-term effects on bone mass, bone turnover markers (BTMs) and postural balance in men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomised 12-week study in which men with PCa undergoing ADT were assigned to a football intervention group [FTG, n = 29, 67 ± 7 (±SD) years] training 2‒3 times per week for 45‒60 min or to a control group (n = 28, 66 ± 5 years). The activity profile was measured using a 5-Hz GPS. The outcomes were total body and leg bone mineral content (BMC) and density, BTMs and postural balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the last part of the 12 weeks, FTG performed 194 ± 41 accelerations and 296 ± 65 decelerations at >0.6 m/s/s and covered a distance of 905 ± 297 m at speeds >6 km/h and 2646 ± 705 m per training session. Analysis of baseline-to-12-week change scores showed between-group differences in favour of FTG in total body BMC [26.4 g, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 5.8-46.9 g, p = 0.013], leg BMC (13.8 g, 95 % CI: 7.0‒20.5 g, p < 0.001) and markers of bone formation: P1NP (36.6 µg/L, 95 % CI: 10.4‒62.8 µg/L, p = 0.008) and osteocalcin (8.6 µg/L, 95 % CI: 3.3‒13.8 µg/L, p < 0.01). The number of decelerations correlated to the increase in leg BMC (r = 0.65, p = 0.012). No between-group differences were observed for the remaining outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Football training involves numerous runs, accelerations and decelerations, which may be linked to marked increases in bone formation markers and preserved bone mass in middle-aged and elderly men with PCa undergoing ADT.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01711892.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark. ju@ucsf.dk.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uth
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hornstrup
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karl B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Ndr. Ringvej 57, Glostrup, 2600, Denmark.|Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
authors.forename: Niklas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
authors.forename: Eva W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Helge
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brasso
authors.affiliation: Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørn W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Helge
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Markus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.|Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rørth
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.|Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, PO Box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Midtgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.|Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krustrup
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
keywords: Association football; Bone mineral content (BMC); Bone turnover markers (BTM); Exercise intensity; GPS; Prostate cancer