title: Detection of Quorum Sensing Molecules and Biofilm Formation in Ralstonia solanacearum.
abstract: Many bacteria use small diffusible signaling molecules to communicate each other termed as quorum sensing (QS). Most Gram-negative bacteria use acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as QS signal molecules. Using these signaling molecules, bacteria are able to express specific genes in response to population density. This work aimed to detect the production of QS signal molecules and biofilm formation in Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from various diseased tomato plants with symptoms of bacterial wilt. A total of 30 R. solanacearum strains were investigated for the production of QS signal molecules using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens NT1 (pZLR4) biosensor systems. All 30 bacterial isolates from various bacterial wilt-affected tomato plants produced AHL molecules that induced the biosensor. The microtiter plate assay demonstrated that of the 30 bacterial isolates, 60 % formed biofilm, among which four isolates exhibited a higher degree of biofilm formation. The biofilm-inducing factor was purified from these four culture supernatants. The structure of the responsible molecule was solved using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy and was determined to be 2-hydroxy-4-((methylamino)(phenyl)methyl) cyclopentanone (HMCP), which was confirmed by chemical synthesis and NMR. The Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed well-developed biofilm architecture of bacteria when treated with HMCP. The knowledge we obtained from this study will be useful for further researcher on the role of HMCP molecule in biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India.
authors.forename: J Shiva
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India. umeshgroup@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umesha
authors.affiliation: Research Faculty, Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
authors.forename: K Shiva
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, 577451, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niranjana
mesh_terms: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D043368:Ralstonia solanacearum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones; D003517:Cyclopentanes; C007201:cyclopentanone