title: Electronic Tongue Response to Chemicals in Orange Juice that Change Concentration in Relation to Harvest Maturity and Citrus Greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease.
abstract: In an earlier study, an electronic tongue system (e-tongue) has been used to differentiate between orange juice made from healthy fruit and from fruit affected by the citrus greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. This study investigated the reaction of an e-tongue system to the main chemicals in orange juice that impact flavor and health benefits and are also impacted by HLB. Orange juice was spiked with sucrose (0.2-5.0 g/100 mL), citric acid (0.1%-3.0% g/100 mL) and potassium chloride (0.1-3.0 g/100 mL) as well as the secondary metabolites nomilin (1-30 µg/mL), limonin (1-30 µg/mL), limonin glucoside (30-200 µg/mL), hesperidin (30-400 µg/mL) and hesperetin (30-400 µg/mL). Performance of Alpha MOS sensor sets #1 (pharmaceutical) and #5 (food) were compared for the same samples, with sensor set #1 generally giving better separation than sensor set #5 for sucrose, sensor set #5 giving better separation for nomilin and limonin, both sets being efficient at separating citric acid, potassium chloride, hesperitin and limonin glucoside, and neither set discriminating hesperidin efficiently. Orange juice made from fruit over the harvest season and from fruit harvested from healthy or HLB-affected trees were separated by harvest maturity, disease state and disease severity.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. smitare@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raithore
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. jinhe.bai@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Jinhe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plotto
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. john.manthey@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manthey
authors.affiliation: US Sugar Corp., 111 Ponce de Leon Ave, Clewiston, FL 33400, USA. mirey@ussugar.com.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irey
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. liz.baldwin@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D062609:Electronic Nose; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000032:analysis; D036701:Limonins / Q000032:analysis; D010935:Plant Diseases; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D036701:Limonins; D019343:Citric Acid; D013395:Sucrose; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D006569:Hesperidin
keywords: acids; citrus; flavonoids; harvest maturity; huanglongbing; limonoids; quality; sensor; sensory; sugars