title: Parkinson's Is Time on Your Side? Evidence for Difficulties with Sensorimotor Synchronization.
abstract: There is lack of consistent evidence as to how well PD patients are able to accurately time their movements across space with an external acoustic signal. For years, research based on the finger-tapping paradigm, the most popular paradigm for exploring the brain's ability to time movement, has provided strong evidence that patients are not able to accurately reproduce an isochronous interval [i.e., Ref. (1)]. This was undermined by Spencer and Ivry (2) who suggested a specific deficit in temporal control linked to emergent, rhythmical movement not event-based actions, which primarily involve the cerebellum. In this study, we investigated motor timing of seven idiopathic PD participants in event-based sensorimotor synchronization task. Participants were asked to move their finger horizontally between two predefined target zones to synchronize with the occurrence of two sound events at two time intervals (1.5 and 2.5 s). The width of the targets and the distance between them were manipulated to investigate impact of accuracy demands and movement amplitude on timing performance. The results showed that participants with PD demonstrated specific difficulties when trying to accurately synchronize their movements to a beat. The extent to which their ability to synchronize movement was compromised was found to be related to the severity of PD, but independent of the spatial constraints of the task.
authors.affiliation: ISM, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université d'Aix-Marseille , Marseille , France.
authors.forename: Marta M N
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bieńkiewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK.
authors.forename: Cathy M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Craig
keywords: Fitts’ law; PD; basal ganglia; event-based timing; index of difficulty; motor sychronisation; sensorimotor synchronization; temporal control