title: Association among Fibrinolytic Proteins, Metabolic Syndrome Components, Insulin Secretion, and Resistance in Schoolchildren.
abstract: We investigated the role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptors (suPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, insulin secretion, and resistance in schoolchildren. We enrolled 387 children, aged 10.3 ± 1.5 years, in Taipei. Anthropometry, fibrinolytic proteins, MetS components, insulin secretion, and resistance were measured. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight, and obese groups. Finally, the relationship between fibrinolytic proteins and metabolic syndrome in boys and girls was analyzed. In boys, PAI-1 was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) percentile, hypertriglyceride, insulin secretion, and resistance. In girls, PAI-1 was positively associated with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin secretion. In girls, uPA was positively associated with insulin secretion. suPAR was positively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in both boys and girls, and with BMI percentile and body fat in girls. The obese boys had higher suPAR and PAI-1 levels than the normal group. The obese girls had higher uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1 than the normal group. Boys and girls with MetS had higher PAI-1. Fibrinolytic proteins, especially PAI-1, are associated with MetS components and insulin secretion in children. Fibrinolytic proteins changes were more likely to occur in girls than in boys.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Shuen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ze
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Taitung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taitung County 95043, Taiwan ; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nain-Feng
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chien
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan ; Medical School, Catholic Fu Jen University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Dee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuh-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin