title: Structural characterization and discrimination of Chinese medicinal materials with multiple botanical origins based on metabolite profiling and chemometrics analysis: Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma as a case study.
abstract: Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs)-based products are becoming more and more popular over the world. To ensure the safety and efficacy, authentication of Chinese medicinal materials has been an important issue, especially for that with multiple botanical origins (one-to-multiple). Taking Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma (CRR) as a case study, we herein developed an integrated platform based on metabolite profiling and chemometrics analysis to characterize, classify, and predict the "one-to-multiple" herbs. Firstly, the predominant constituents, triterpenoid saponins, in three Clematis CRR were rapid characterized by a novel UPLC-QTOF/MS-based strategy, and a total of 49 triterpenoid saponins were identified. Secondly, metabolite profiling was performed by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and 4623 variables were extracted and aligned as dataset. Thirdly, by using pattern recognition analysis, a clear separation of the three Clematis CRR was achieved as well as a total number of 28 variables were screened as the valuable variables for discrimination. By matching with identified saponins, these 28 variables were corresponding to 10 saponins which were identified as marker compounds. Fourthly, based on the relative intensity of the marker compounds-related variables, genetic algorithm optimized support vector machines (GA-SVM) was employed to predict the species of CRR samples. The obtained model showed excellent prediction performance with a prediction accuracy of 100%. Finally, a heatmap visualization was employed for clarifying the distribution of identified saponins, which could be useful for phytochemotaxonomy study of Clematis herbs. These results indicated that our proposed platform was a powerful tool for chemical profiling and discrimination of herbs with multiple botanical origins, providing promising perspectives in tracking the formulation processes of TCMs products.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Xiu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
authors.forename: Song-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Xingwan Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Qun
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. Electronic address: liulifang69@126.com.
authors.forename: Li-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. Electronic address: xingz@cpu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gui-Zhong
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D039324:Clematis / Q000737:chemistry; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000592:standards; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins
keywords: Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma; Herbal discrimination; Metabolomics; Triterpenoid saponins; UPLC-QTOF/MS