title: In-line micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction for simultaneous separation and extraction of Sudan dyes in different spices.
abstract: A novel, simple, fast, and miniaturized method, termed in-line micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (in-line MMSPD), coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of Sudan dyes (i.e. Sudan I-IV, Sudan orange G, Sudan black B, and Sudan red G) with the aid of an experimental design strategy. In this method, a matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) column including a suitable mixture of polar sorbents was inserted in the mobile phase pathway, and while the interfering compounds were retained, the analytes were eluted and entered into the analytical column. In this way, the extraction, elution, and separation of the analytes were performed sequentially. Under the optimal experimental conditions (including the amount of sample, 0.0426g; amount of dispersant phase, 0.0216g of florisil, 0.0227g of silica, 0.0141g of alumina; and blending time, 112s), the limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification, linear dynamic ranges, and recoveries were obtained to be 0.3-15.3μgkg(-1), 1-50μgkg(-1), 50-28,000μgkg(-1), and 94.5-99.1%, respectively. The results obtained showed that determination of the selected Sudan dyes in food samples using an enough sensitive and a simple analytically validated method like in-line MMSPD may offer a suitable screening method, which could be useful for food analysis and adulteration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran. Electronic address: mrajabi@semnan.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabzalian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
authors.forename: Behruz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arghavani-Beydokhti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35195-363, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghari
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods; D017365:Spices / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009284:Naphthols; C024336:1-phenylazo-2-naphthol; C033003:sudan red; C016118:Sudan Black B; C009213:Scarlet Red; C033006:sudan III
keywords: In-line extraction; Micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion; Spices; Sudan dyes