title: Cardiomyopathy from 1,1-Difluoroethane Inhalation.
abstract: Consumer aerosol products can be inhaled for their psychoactive effects, but with attendant adverse health effects including "sudden sniffing death." Cardiomyopathy has rarely been described in association with 1,1-difluoroethane (DFE), a common aerosol propellant. We report a 33-year-old male who developed acute myocardial injury and global hypokinesis along with rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and fulminant hepatitis after 2 days' nearly continuous huffing. Workup for other causes, including underlying coronary artery disease, was negative. His cardiac function improved over time. The exact mechanism of DFE's effects is uncertain but may include catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy, coronary vasospasm, or direct cellular toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. suwen.kumar@hc.msu.edu.
authors.forename: Suwen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-6548
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Tejaswini
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joginpally
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Mrinal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yadava
authors.affiliation: Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, 110002, India.
authors.forename: Konchok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norgais
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Heather S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Laird-Fick
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D062787:Drug Overdose; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; C059268:1,1-difluoroethane
keywords: 1,1-Difluoroethane; Cardiomyopathy; Huffing; Inhalant; Multi-organ failure; Sniffing