title: Experimental Limiting Oxygen Concentrations for Nine Organic Solvents at Temperatures and Pressures Relevant to Aerobic Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
abstract: Applications of aerobic oxidation methods in pharmaceutical manufacturing are limited in part because mixtures of oxygen gas and organic solvents often create the potential for a flammable atmosphere. To address this issue, limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) values, which define the minimum partial pressure of oxygen that supports a combustible mixture, have been measured for nine commonly used organic solvents at elevated temperatures and pressures. The solvents include acetic acid,N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide,tert-amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, acetonitrile, and toluene. The data obtained from these studies help define safe operating conditions for the use of oxygen with organic solvents.
authors.affiliation: Fauske & Associates , Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, United States.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Osterberg
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffry K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Niemeier
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.affiliation: Fauske & Associates , Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
authors.forename: Thatcher W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Root
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.
authors.forename: Shannon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Stahl