title: A pilot study: the role of the autonomic nervous system in cardiorespiratory regulation in infant feeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the interplay between the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic nervous systems' (SNS) contributions to prefeeding, feeding and satiation in young, healthy infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was completed on eleven full-term infants, less than 6 months old. Respiratory rate, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity and low-frequency/high-frequency heart rate variability ratio were sampled from the infant during prefeeding, feeding and satiation periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in respiratory patterning during the three feeding phases (p = .049); however, none of the other physiological measures reached significance. An emerging trend across physiological measures suggests that the feeding phase was influenced by the SNS with increasing respiratory rate, heart rate, low-frequency HRV, electrodermal activity and decreasing high-frequency HRV compared to the prefeeding and satiation phases, which were influenced predominantly by the PNS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiration rate increased significantly during the feeding phase compared to prefeeding and postfeeding phases. Emerging trends indicate a pattern of alternating relative tone in PNS versus SNS across feeding phases - with SNS predominating the feeding phase. More clinical research examining the SNS and PNS contributions to feeding should be completed across patient populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kelsey
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Electrodermal activity; Feeding; Heart rate variability; Respiratory rate