title: A prospective study of total sleep duration and incident metabolic syndrome: the ARIRANG study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic sleep deprivation is increasingly common in industrialized societies. Recent data have revealed that chronic sleep deprivation is associated with negative health outcome. While prospective studies lack the predictive value of sleep duration to identify individuals at high risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome, total sleep duration may play a role in the development of metabolic abnormalities. This study investigates the association between total sleep duration and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in a population-based longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, a prospective cohort study was conducted with 2579 adults without metabolic syndrome aged between 40 and 70 years. Based on a self-reported questionnaire, the participants in this study were investigated between 2005-2008 (baseline) and 2008-2011 (follow-up) and were categorized according to their total sleep duration (<6 h, 6-7.9 h, 8-9.9 h, ≥10 h). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the recent harmonized definition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During an average of 2.6 years of follow-up, 558 (21.6%) subjects developed metabolic syndrome. In multivariable adjusted models, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) for incident metabolic syndrome comparing the 6 to 7.9 h to the <6 h of total sleep duration was 1.41 (1.06-1.88). The corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) for high waist circumference, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose were 1.30 (0.98-1.69), 0.75 (0.56-0.97), 0.82 (0.60-1.11), 1.56 (1.19-2.03), and 1.31 (0.96-1.79), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short sleep duration is an independent risk factor for incident metabolic syndrome in a population-based longitudinal study.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jang-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Song Vogue
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: kohhj@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Baek
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Junghan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Su
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Hypertension; Korean adults; Metabolic syndrome; Sleep duration