title: Effects of Effortful Swallow on Cardiac Autonomic Regulation.
abstract: Swallowing-induced changes in heart rate have been recently reported. However, it is not apparent the responses of heart rate variability (HRV) elicited by effortful swallow maneuver. We investigated the acute effects of effortful swallowing maneuver on HRV. This study was performed on 34 healthy women between 18 and 35 years old. We assessed heart rate variability in the time (SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50) and frequency (HF, LF, and LF/HF ratio) domains and, visual analysis through the Poincaré plot. The subjects remained at rest for 5 min during spontaneous swallowing and then performed effortful swallowing for 5 min. HRV was analyzed during spontaneous and effortful swallowing. We found no significant differences for SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, HF in absolute units (ms(2)). There is a trend for increase of LF in absolute (p = 0.05) and normalized (p = 0.08) units during effortful swallowing. HF in normalized units reduced (p = 0.02) during effortful swallowing and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.03) increased during effortful swallowing. In conclusion effortful swallow maneuver in healthy women increased sympathetic cardiac modulation, indicating a cardiac overload.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marília, SP, 17.525-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia M S
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marília, SP, 17.525-000, Brazil.|Laboratório de Disfagia (LADIS), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Marília, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marília, SP, 17.525-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marília, SP, 17.525-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nayra N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciele M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Vanderlei
authors.affiliation: Cardiorespiratory Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Delineamento e Escrita Científica, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (CESNA), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marília, SP, 17.525-000, Brazil. vitor.valenti@marilia.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Vitor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Valenti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011930:Reaction Time; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autonomic nervous system; Cardiovascular system; Deglutition; Deglutition disorders; Heart rate variability