title: Graphene/polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyaniline nanocomposite-modified electrode for simultaneous determination of parabens by high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A nanocomposite of graphene (G), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyaniline (PANI) modified onto screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using an electrospraying technique was developed for simultaneous determination of five parabens in beverages and cosmetic products by high performance liquid chromatography. PVP and PANI were used as the dispersing agents of graphene, and also for the enhancement of electrochemical conductivity of the electrode. The electrochemical behavior of each paraben was investigated using the G/PVP/PANI nanocomposite-modified SPCE, compared to the unmodified SPCE. Using HPLC along with amperometric detection at a controlled potential of +1.2V vs Ag/AgCl, the chromatogram of five parabens obtained from the modified SPCE exhibits well defined peaks and higher current response than those of its unmodified counterpart. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curves of five parabens similarly provide a linear range between 0.1 and 30 µg mL(-1) with the detection limits of 0.01 µg mL(-1) for methyl paraben (MP), ethyl paraben (EP) and propyl paraben (PP), 0.02 and 0.03 µg mL(-1) for isobutyl paraben (IBP) and butyl paraben (BP), respectively. Furthermore, this proposed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of five parabens in real samples including a soft drink and a cosmetic product with satisfactory results, yielding the recovery in the range of 90.4-105.0%.
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suphunnee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kajornkavinkul
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Eakkasit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Punrat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukumvit 23 Road, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weena
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siangproh
authors.affiliation: Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nadnudda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodthongkum
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Praphairaksit
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: corawon@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Orawon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chailapakul
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis*; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D010226:Parabens; C416807:polyaniline; D006108:Graphite; D011205:Povidone
keywords: Electrospraying; Graphene/polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyaniline nanocompite; High performance liquid chromatography; Parabens; Simultaneous determination