title: The effects of tumour necrosis factor-α on bone cells involved in periodontal alveolar bone loss; osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes.
abstract: Periodontitis is the most common bone loss pathology in adults and if left untreated is responsible for premature tooth loss. Cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), involved in the chronic inflammatory response within the periodontal gingiva, significantly influence the normal bone remodelling processes. In this review, the effects of TNFα on bone metabolism in periodontitis are evaluated in relation to its direct and indirect actions on bone cells including osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Evidence published to date suggests a potent catabolic role for TNFα through the stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption as well as the suppression of osteoblastic bone formation and osteocytic survival. However, the extent and timing of TNFα exposure in vitro and in vivo greatly influences its effect on skeletal cells, with contradictory anabolic activity observed with TNFα in a number of studies. None the less, it is evident that managing the chronic inflammatory response in addition to the deregulated bone metabolism is required to improve periodontal and inflammatory bone loss treatments‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Algate
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bartold
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Crotti
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Myeloma Research Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cantley
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism; D010519:Periodontium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: bone metabolism; inflammation; periodontitis; tumour necrosis factor-α