title: Smoking cessation and depressive symptoms at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between tobacco and depressive symptoms has been examined. However, there is little information on the evolution of these symptoms when an individual quits. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of depressive symptoms over time (pre-, post-treatment, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up) in relation to smoking status 12 months after having received a psychological treatment for smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was made up of 242 adults who received cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation (64.4% women; mean age=41.71 years). The BDI-II was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Participants were classified into three groups according to smoking status at 12-months follow-up (abstainers, relapsers, and smokers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms among the three groups at pretreatment. At the end of treatment, abstainers and relapsers presented less depressive symptomatology than smokers. At follow-up, abstainers continued to present less depressive symptomatology than smokers, whereas in relapsers, symptoms began to increase as the relapses occurred. Regarding the evolution of depressive symptomatology, the abstainer and relapser groups showed a significant reduction at the end of treatment. Only in the group of abstainers did the decrease continue during 12 months follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease of the initial sample size from 562 to 242 participants. Variables such as self-esteem and self-efficacy were not assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation is associated with a decrease in depressive symptomatology, that is maintained over time. In contrast, relapse is associated with an increase of such symptoms. These findings signify the potential importance of addressing depressive symptomatology in smoking cessation treatment.
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cano
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Durán
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Work, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena Fernández
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: del Río
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vispo
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Úrsula
authors.initials: Ú
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becoña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology
keywords: 12-months follow-up; Beck Depression Inventory; Depression; Relapse; Smoking cessation