title: Upper arm venous compliance and fitness in stable coronary artery disease patients and healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arteries have been examined extensively in coronary artery disease (CAD), while less attention has been paid to veins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To determine whether venous compliance or venous outflow in the upper arm is reduced in CAD patients compared to healthy age- and fitness-matched controls; and (2) to examine the association between upper arm venous compliance and total blood volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with stable CAD (age 62·1 ± 5·7 years, body mass index 26·5 ± 3·2 kg·m2, fat-free mass 59·3 ± 7·6 kg, mean arterial pressure 98·9 ± 8·0 mmHg, VO2peak: 2·92 ± 0·53 l min-1) were compared to twelve healthy age- and fitness-matched controls (age 62·2 ± 3·7 years, body mass index 26·2 ± 2·3 kg m2, fat-free mass 61·0 ± 9·2 kg, mean arterial pressure 96·5 ± 9·1 mmHg, VO2peak: 3·24 ± 0·48 l min-1). Venous compliance was examined using high-resolution ultrasound and Doppler in the basilic vein. Blood volumes were measured by the optimized CO rebreathing method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equal upper arm venous compliance normalized to blood volume (patients: 0·28 ± 0·26 mm3mmHg-1l-1, healthy controls: 0·16 ± 0·11 mm3mmHg-1l-1) and peak venous outflow normalized to blood volume (patients: 10·4 ± 3·9 cm s-1l-1, healthy controls: 8·3 ± 0·8 cm s-1l-1) were found in patients with CAD and healthy age- and fitness-matched controls. Additionally, no difference was found in blood volume (patients: 6·06 ± 0·79 l, healthy controls: 6·68 ± 1·27 l) or VO2peak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparable upper arm venous compliance and venous outflow in CAD patients and healthy age- and fitness-matched controls might indicate that high VO2peakand blood volume could prevent possible disease-induced reductions in venous compliance in CAD.
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingeborg Megård
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Leinan
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Clinical Services, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Inger-Lise
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Aamot
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Asbjørn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Støylen
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.affiliation: K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wisløff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume; D001811:Blood Volume Determination; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003187:Compliance; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: 
  VO
  2peak
  ; blood volume; cardiovascular disease; venous function