title: Increased Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Non-Obese Adult Population: HIV-Infected Ethiopians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic sequel in people infected with HIV, especially following the advent of HAART. This may be a particular concern in immigrants due to lifestyle changes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the prevalence of DM in HIV-infected Ethiopians in Israel, and to define the risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively screened the records of 173 HIV-infected Ethiopians and 69 HIV-infected non-Ethiopian HIV patients currently registered at the HIV Clinic of Meir Medical Center. Data were also retrieved from 1323 non-HIV Ethiopians treated in the hospital between 2007 and 2012. The presence of DM was determined by family physician diagnosis as recorded in the hospital database or by the presence of one or more of the following: fasting glucose > 127 mg/dl, hA1C > 6.5% (> 48 mmol/mol), or blood glucose > 200 mg/dl. Population data and risk factors for DM were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among HIV-infected Ethiopian subjects, the prevalence of DM was 31% (54/173) compared to 4% (3/69) in HIV-infected non-Ethiopians and 8% (102/1323) in non-HIV-infected Ethiopians (P < 0.0001). The relatively increased prevalence of DM was age independent, but most noticeable in those under the median age (< 42 years). Body mass index (BMI) was a predictor for DM (OR 1.263, CI 1.104-1.444, P = 0.001), although its values did not vary between the two ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-infected Ethiopians are more likely to develop DM at low BMI values compared to non-Ethiopians. This observation questions the relevance of accepted BMI values in this population and suggests that preventive measures against DM be routinely taken in these subjects.
authors.forename: Fruma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tzur
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chowers
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agmon-Levin
authors.forename: Yoseph A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Mekori
authors.forename: Alon Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Hershko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult