title: Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in 18- to 20-Year-Old African Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on physical health are largely unknown. No human studies support or refute a relationship between PCE and the long-term risk for cardiovascular and/or metabolic disease. We investigated the association of PCE on primary cardiometabolic disease risk factors in African Americans (AA) aged 18 to 20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort, longitudinal, prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Miami-Dade County, Florida, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy full-term inner-city AA adolescents (aged 18 to 20 years, n=350) previously enrolled at birth from 1990-1993.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting serum insulin, glucose, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and the components and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no PCE-associated differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors including the metabolic syndrome and its individual components in AAs aged 18 to 20 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study do not support an association between PCE and increased cardiometabolic disease risk in AAs aged 18 to 20 years. Whether PCE is associated with cardiovascular or metabolic disease in adulthood would require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Messiah
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: 2. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Vidot
authors.affiliation: 3. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Veronica H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Accornero
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Tracie L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: 3. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: 3. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Emmalee S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bandstra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Adolescents; African American; Birth Weight; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Metabolic Syndrom; Prenatal Cocaine Exposure