title: Tissue Microarrays.
abstract: Modern next-generation sequencing and microarray technologies allow for the simultaneous analysis of all human genes on the DNA, RNA, miRNA, and methylation RNA level. Studies using such techniques have lead to the identification of hundreds of genes with a potential role in cancer or other diseases. The validation of all of these candidate genes requires in situ analysis of high numbers of clinical tissues samples. The tissue microarray technology greatly facilitates such analysis. In this method minute tissue samples (typically 0.6 mm in diameter) from up to 1000 different tissues can be analyzed on one microscope glass slide. All in situ methods suitable for histological studies can be applied to TMAs without major changes of protocols, including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or RNA in situ hybridization. Because all tissues are analyzed simultaneously with the same batch of reagents, TMA studies provide an unprecedented degree of standardization, speed, and cost efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dancau
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirlacher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany. g.sauter@uke.de.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
mesh_terms: D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: FISH; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; High-throughput in situ analysis; IHC; Immunohistochemistry; TMA; Tissue microarrays; Translational research