title: Evaluation of environment and a feline facial pheromone analogue on physiologic and behavioral measures in cats.
abstract: Objectives This study assessed behavioral and physiologic stress parameters in cats placed in two environments: home and the veterinary hospital. With a widely used scale, several parameters were assessed, including respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), vagosympathetic responses using calculated intervals (heart rate variability [HRV]10, HRV20 and vasovagal tonus index [VVTI]) and 'stress attitude', such as struggling, vocalization and agitation during handling. In addition, we evaluated whether a feline facial pheromone analogue (FFPA) had an effect on any of these measures in either environment. Methods Using a placebo and a pheromone substance, we evaluated 30 adult and healthy cats at home and in veterinary hospitals. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn or ANOVA and Tukey tests, as well as Spearman's correlation ( P <0.05). Results We found that exposure to FFPA did not reduce the effects of stress. Some parameters presented differences with regard to environment: the RR was 45 and 70 breaths/min and stress attitude score was 1.3 and 0.0 for cats evaluated at home and at the hospital, respectively. The HR and two vagosympathetic responses were also different between the two environments, with a HR of 160 and 187 beats/min, HRV10 of 14.24 and 14.00, and HRV20 of 14.89 and 14.65 in cats at home and the hospital, respectively. There was no variation in SBP and VVTI parameters between the environments. Conclusions and relevance Exposure to FFPA does not reduce the physiologic and behavioral changes measured in this study. Furthermore, environmental change, physical restraint and manipulation during the physical examination alter RR, HR, HRV and behavior but not SBP and VVTI. This study is relevant because physiologic and behavioral stress can affect the quality and interpretation of physical examination results. This study presents detailed data that show the effects of environment and manipulation on such parameters. Furthermore, this study shows a lack of effect of FFPA on any of these parameters.
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Mc
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: 2 Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of South Frontier (UFFS), Realeza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Úrsula C
authors.initials: ÚC
authors.lastname: Guberman
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Ht
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stéfano L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisângela Gm
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lázaro
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Dcg
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: 1 Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Fortunato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002415:Cats; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000662:veterinary*; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013312:Stress, Physiological