title: Antimicrobial evaluation of quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria.
abstract: Peritonitis is a disease caused by bacterial strains that have become increasingly resistant to many antibiotics. The development of alternative therapeutic compounds is the focus of extensive research, so novel nanoparticles (NPs) with activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria should be developed. In this study, the antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QA-PEI) NPs was evaluated against Streptococcus viridans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia coli. To appraise the antibacterial activity, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration and bactericidal assays were utilised with different concentrations (1.56-100 µg/ml) of QA-PEI NPs. Moreover, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and annexin V/propidium iodide toxicity assays were performed in cell cultures. MICs for S. maltophilia and E. coli isolates were 12.5 and 25 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the MIC for S. viridans was 100 µg/ml. Furthermore, the growth curve assays revealed that these QA-PEI NPs at a concentration of 12.5 µg/ml significantly inhibited bacterial growth for the bacterial isolates studied. On the other hand, QA-PEI NPs lacked significant toxicity for cells when used at concentrations up to 50 μg/ml for 48 h. The present findings reveal the potential therapeutic value of this QA-PEI NPs as alternative antibacterial agents for peritonitis, especially against Gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: BIOTYC Foundation, C/ Blasco de Garay, 27., 02003 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: Shady
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Almansa, 14., 02006 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tranque
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, C/ Hermanos Falco., 02006 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ocaña
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, C/ Hermanos Falco., 02006 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Syong H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam-Cha
authors.affiliation: Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beyth
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, C/ Hermanos Falco., 02006 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Roldán
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ave. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Tanoira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Domb
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Nanocustom S.L., 02007 Albacete, Spain. fperez@nanocustom.es.
authors.forename: Francisco C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: BIOTYC Foundation, C/ Blasco de Garay, 27., 02003 Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D011094:Polyethyleneimine