title: Analysis of the mineral composition of hypomineralized first permanent molars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypomineralization of molars and incisors (molarincisor hypomineralization--MIH) is defined as enamel hypomineralization of systemic origin of one or more of the four first permanent molars, which may be associated with changes in the maxillary, and less frequently in the permanent mandibular in cisors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mineral content in hypomineralized teeth as a contribution to understanding the origin of these changes, which will be important for effective restorative approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 extracted first permanent molars diagnosed with MIH were used in the study as the experimental group, and intact first premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used as the control group. A certain surface of hypomineralized and healthy enamel and dentin was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By conducting quantitative chemical analysis of the distribution of the basic chemical elements, it was found that the concentration of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was significantly higher in healthy enamel (Ca = 28.80 w%, and P = 15.05 wt%) compared to hypomineralized enamel (Ca = 27.60 wt% and P = 14.32 wt/o). Carbon (C) concentration was statistically significantly higher in hypomineralized enamel (C = 11.70 wt%) compared to healthy enamel (C = 10.94 wt%). Hypomineralized and healthy enamel did not differ significantly regarding the ratio of calcium and phosphorus concentrations whereas the ratio of calcium and carbon concentrations was statistically significantly higher in healthy enamel compared to hypomineralized enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concentration of the main chemical elements, primarily calcium and phosphorus, is significantly reduced in hypomineralized enamel whereas carbon concentration is increased compared to healthy enamel.
authors.forename: Brankica
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martinović
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ivanović
authors.forename: Zoraida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Milojković
authors.forename: Raša
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mladenović
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D002118:Calcium