title: Presurgical brain mapping of the language network in patients with brain tumors using resting-state fMRI: Comparison with task fMRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare language networks derived from resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) with task-fMRI in patients with brain tumors and investigate variables that affect rs-fMRI vs task-fMRI concordance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent component analysis (ICA) of rs-fMRI was performed with 20, 30, 40, and 50 target components (ICA20 to ICA50) and language networks identified for patients presenting for presurgical fMRI mapping between 1/1/2009 and 7/1/2015. 49 patients were analyzed fulfilling criteria for presence of brain tumors, no prior brain surgery, and adequate task-fMRI performance. Rs-vs-task-fMRI concordance was measured using Dice coefficients across varying fMRI thresholds before and after noise removal. Multi-thresholded Dice coefficient volume under the surface (DiceVUS) and maximum Dice coefficient (MaxDice) were calculated. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine significance of DiceVUS and MaxDice between the four ICA order groups. Age, Sex, Handedness, Tumor Side, Tumor Size, WHO Grade, number of scrubbed volumes, image intensity root mean square (iRMS), and mean framewise displacement (FD) were used as predictors for VUS in a linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Artificial elevation of rs-fMRI vs task-fMRI concordance is seen at low thresholds due to noise. Noise-removed group-mean DiceVUS and MaxDice improved as ICA order increased, however ANOVA demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the four groups. Linear regression demonstrated an association between iRMS and DiceVUS for ICA30-50, and iRMS and MaxDice for ICA50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall there is moderate group level rs-vs-task fMRI language network concordance, however substantial subject-level variability exists; iRMS may be used to determine reliability of rs-fMRI derived language networks.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Haris I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Sair
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Noushin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Raag D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Airan
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jarunee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Intrapiromkul
authors.affiliation: F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ann S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sachin K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gujar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caffo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jay J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pillai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012146:Rest; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: brain tumor; language network; presurgical brain mapping; resting-state fMRI; task-fMRI