title: High-plasticity mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adult-retained primary teeth and autogenous adult tooth pulp--A potential source for regenerative therapies?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the growth rate, morphology, immunohistology and plasticity of autogenous adult-retained SHEDs (arSHEDs) and adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from the same donor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44, CD90, CD105, caspase-3 and GAPDH were assessed using RT-PCR. Caspase-3 and CD44 were also evaluated at the protein level by western blotting of cell lysates. Plasticity of DPSCs and arSHEDs were tested by culture in adipogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic and Schwann cells induction media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DPSCs and arSHEDs were isolated by explant culturing and were similarly positive for growth rate and all tested markers. Furthermore, DPSCs and arSHEDs could be driven to adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte and Schwann cells lineages thus indicating similar plasticity as precursor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the similarities between DPSCs and arSHEDs in a unique situation, where both stem cells (SC) types were obtained from a single patient and thus represent an alternative source of SC's for tissue engineering and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Room 3.107, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. Electronic address: evgeny.kushnerev@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kushnerev
authors.affiliation: Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Institute of Inflammation & Repair, Room 3.106, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. Electronic address: sue.shawcross@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shawcross
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Room 1.536, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. Electronic address: chantal.hillarby@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hillarby
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, JR Moore Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: julian.yates@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage; D000066670:Cell Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Cell plasticity; Dental pulp stem cells; Differentiation; Human exfoliated deciduous teeth; Proliferation; Tissue engineering