title: Altered Maturation Status and Possible Immune Exhaustion of CD8 T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation in response to oxidized lipoproteins is thought to play a key role in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), but the pattern of immune activation has not been fully characterized. We sought to perform detailed phenotypic and functional analysis of CD8 T lymphocytes from patients presenting with ACS to determine activation patterns and potential immunologic correlates of ACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used polychromatic flow cytometry to analyze the cytokine production profiles of naïve, effector, and memory CD8 T cells in patients with ACS compared with control subjects with stable coronary artery disease. ACS was associated with an altered distribution of circulating CD8(+) T-cell maturation subsets with reduced proportions of naïve cells and expansion of effector memory cells. ACS was also accompanied by impaired interleukin-2 production by phenotypically naïve CD8 T cells. These results were validated in a second replication cohort. Naïve CD8 cells from patients with ACS also had increased expression of programmed cell death-1, which correlated with interleukin-2 hypoproduction. In vitro, stimulation of CD8 T cells with oxidized low-density lipoprotein was sufficient to cause programmed cell death-1 upregulation and diminished interleukin-2 production by naïve CD8 T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this exploratory analysis, naïve CD8(+) T cells from patients with ACS show phenotypic and functional characteristics of immune exhaustion: impaired interleukin-2 production and programmed cell death-1 upregulation. Exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein recapitulates these features in vitro. These data provide evidence that oxidized low-density lipoprotein could play a role in immune exhaustion, and this immunophenotype may be a biomarker for ACS.
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.). David.Zidar@UHhospitals.org.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zidar
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mudd
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juchnowski
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Joao P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Samantha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Washam
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Cliburn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Funderburg
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Adeyinka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owoyele
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Mohamad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alaiti
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Myttle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayuga
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orringer
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tatsuoka
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: L Kristin
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lederman
authors.affiliation: From the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z., S.J., J.P.L., M.I., M.A.A., M.M., M.A.C., D.I.S.); Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (J.C.M., M.M.L.) and Department of Neurology (C.T.), Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH (S.S.P.); Department of Surgery (S.S., R.O., K.J.W.), Duke Heart Center (J.B.W.), and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (C.C.), and Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.M.C., L.K.N.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus (N.T.F.); Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (A.O.); and Department of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, FL (C.O.).
authors.forename: Kent J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Weinhold
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508594:IL2 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: acute coronary syndrome; inflammation; interleukins; oxidized low density lipoprotein; programmed cell death, type 1