title: Detection of Stimulants and Narcotics by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Sports Doping Control.
abstract: Sports drug testing laboratories are required to detect several classes of compounds that are prohibited at all times, which include anabolic agents, peptide hormones, growth factors, beta-2 agonists, hormones and metabolic modulators, and diuretics/masking agents. Other classes of compounds such as stimulants, narcotics, cannabinoids, and glucocorticoids are also prohibited, but only when an athlete is in competition. A single class of compounds can contain a large number of prohibited substances and all of the compounds should be detected by the testing procedure. Since there are almost 70 stimulants on the prohibited list it can be a challenge to develop a single screening method that will optimally detect all the compounds. We describe a combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) testing method for detection of all the stimulants and narcotics on the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited list. Urine for LC-MS/MS testing does not require sample pretreatment and is a direct dilute and shoot method. Urine samples for the GC-MS method require a liquid-liquid extraction followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 2122 Granville Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90025-6106, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.affiliation: UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 2122 Granville Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90025-6106, USA.
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kucherova
authors.affiliation: UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 2122 Granville Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90025-6106, USA. abutch@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Butch
mesh_terms: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004300:Doping in Sports; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D009294:Narcotics
keywords: Doping; Gas chromatography; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Narcotics; Stimulants; Urine; World Anti-Doping Agency