title: [The preliminary clinical results of laparoscopic ileum augmentation cystoplasty for low compliance bladder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effectiveness and safety of the laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation treatment for low compliance bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed based on 36 cases admitted to the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital with highly reflective and low compliance bladder accepted laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation surgical treatment from June 2011 to December 2013. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 patients were enrolled in this study, including 13 males, 9 females who aged from 22 to 62 years with an average of 35.8 years. Among the selected sample, there were 15 cases of spinal cord injury, 4 cases of spinal cord dysplasia, and 3 cases of urinary tuberculosis. The duration of disease varied from 1 to 15 years, with an average of 8.5 years. For surgery, intraoperative and perioperative complications were observed, and preoperative serum creatinine in patients with postoperative at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 months, hydronephrosis, and glomerular filtration rate urodynamic parameters were used for univariate analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were successfully completed in laparoscopic surgery, the operative time were (105 ± 17) minutes (90-150 minutes), blood loss was (90 ± 26) ml (60-150 ml), postoperative intestinal function recovery time were (2.5 ± 0.7) d (2-5 d), and postoperative hospital stay was (15.0 ± 4.2) d (11-20 d), while postoperative anastomotic leakage, intestinal blockage, severe abdominal infection or sepsis and other complications did not occur. Patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months, with an average of 16.5 months, among which 17 patients were followed up for over 12 months. The bladder safety capacity increased from (103 ± 38) ml preoperatively to (405 ± 46) ml at the end of the follow-up (F = 381.7, P = 0.000), and bladder compliance increased from (10 ± 3) cmH₂O (1 cmH₂O = 0.098 kPa) preoperatively to (38 ± 4) cmH₂O (F = 678.1, P = 0.000); the average pressure within the bladder filling at the end of the follow-up was (16 ± 6) cmH₂O, which was significantly lower (F = 221.5, P = 0.000) compared to preoperative level of (45 ± 16) cmH₂O, preoperative serum creatinine went down from (184 ± 32) µmol/L to (120 ± 28) µmol/L at the end of the follow-up (F = 189.1, P = 0.000); total glomerular filtration rate rose from (40 ± 26) ml⁻¹ · min⁻¹ · 1.73 m⁻² preoperatively to (66 ± 32) ml⁻¹ · min(-1) · 1.73 m⁻² (F = 137.7, P = 0.000). Qmax of the 3 cases of urinary bladder contracture tuberculosis patients increased significantly, while 4 female patients with residual urine volume decrease had voluntary urination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation treatment for low compliance bladder is feasible and safe, with less trauma, less bleeding, less post-operative complications, and faster recovery of bowel function. Urinary function improves significantly after surgery, and function of upper urinary tract can also be effectively improved and protected in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China; Email: zhangdahong88@126.com.
authors.forename: Dahong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult