title: Effects of resistance training on classic and specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in elderly women.
abstract: Raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data [resistance (R); reactance (Xc)] through bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and phase angle (PhA) have been used to evaluate cellular function and hydration status. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on classic and specific BIVA in elderly women. Twenty women (mean ± SD; age: 71.9 ± 6.9 years; BMI: 24.5 ± 3.0 kg m(-2)) completed a 6-month RT program. Whole-body, single-frequency BIA, body geometry, and leg strength (5RM) measures were completed at baseline (t0), 3 months (t3), and 6 months (t6). The mean impedance vector displacements were compared using Hotelling's T(2) test to evaluate changes in R and Xc relative to height (R/ht; Xc/ht) or body volume (Rsp; Xcsp) estimated from the arms, legs, and trunk. 5RM, PhA, and BIVA variables were compared using ANOVA. PhA improved at t6 (p < 0.01), while 5RM improved at t3 and t6 (p < 0.01). Using classic BIVA, 6 months (T(2) = 31.6; p < 0.01), but not 3 months of RT (T(2) = 4.5; p = 0.20), resulted in significant vector migration. Using specific BIVA, 6 months (T(2) = 24.4; p < 0.01), but not 3 months of RT (T(2) = 5.5; p = 0.10), also resulted in significant vector migration. 5RM was correlated to both PhA (r = 0.48-56) and Xcsp (r = 0.45-53) at all time points. Vector displacements were likely the result of improved cellular integrity (Xcsp) and cellular health (PhA).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology & Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States. Electronic address: david.fukuda@ucf.edu.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology & Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.affiliation: United States Sports Academy, Daphne, AL, United States.
authors.forename: Jordan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Abbie E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Smith-Ryan
authors.affiliation: Bodybuilding.com, Boise, ID, United States.
authors.forename: Kristina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology & Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D053580:Muscle Strength; D055070:Resistance Training; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
keywords: Aging; BIVA; Bioelectrical impedance; Body composition; Phase angle; Resistance training