title: Prevalence and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation in Children With Intellectual Disability.
abstract: We sought to describe the prevalence and outcomes of liver transplantation in children with intellectual disability (ID). We hypothesized that recipients with ID have comparable short-term outcomes compared with those without ID.
  
  
  
  We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children receiving a first liver-alone transplant in the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset from 2008 to 2013. Recipients with definite or probable ID were compared to children without ID using χ tests. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for patient and graft survival. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between ID and graft failure and patient survival.
  
  
  
  During the study period, 254 children with definite (115) or probable (139) ID underwent first liver transplant, accounting for 15% of all first pediatric liver transplants (1721). Recipients with definite ID tended to be male have a metabolic indication for transplant, a lower pediatric end-stage liver disease score at listing than recipients with no ID, and were less likely to receive a living donor transplant. Recipients with ID were more likely to have public insurance and had more treatment-related hospitalizations in the first year than those without ID. Functional status tended to improve in all recipients at follow-up. ID was not significantly associated with patient or graft survival.
  
  
  
  Children with ID form a significant portion of total liver transplant recipients, and their short-term graft and patient survival are comparable with children without ID. Further research is needed to examine long-term outcomes of transplant in this population.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle †Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wightman
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome