title: Synthesis and Biological Investigation of Oxazole Hydroxamates as Highly Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors.
abstract: Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) catalyzes the removal of an acetyl group from lysine residues of several non-histone proteins. Here we report the preparation of thiazole-, oxazole-, and oxadiazole-containing biarylhydroxamic acids by a short synthetic procedure. We identified them as selective HDAC6 inhibitors by investigating the inhibition of recombinant HDAC enzymes and the protein acetylation in cells by Western blotting (tubulin vs histone acetylation). The most active compounds exhibited nanomolar potency and high selectivity for HDAC6. For example, an oxazole hydroxamate inhibits HDAC6 with an IC50 of 59 nM and has a selectivity index of >200 against HDAC1 and HDAC8. This is the first report showing that the nature of a heterocycle directly connected to a zinc binding group (ZBG) can be used to modulate subtype selectivity and potency for HDAC6 inhibitors to such an extent. We rationalize the high potency and selectivity of the oxazoles by molecular modeling and docking.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melesina
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romier
authors.affiliation: Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oehme
authors.affiliation: Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sippl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D000073864:Histone Deacetylase 6; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D010080:Oxazoles; D014404:Tubulin; C433811:HDAC6 protein, human; D000073864:Histone Deacetylase 6; D006655:Histone Deacetylases