title: The Historical Speciation of Mauremys Sensu Lato: Ancestral Area Reconstruction and Interspecific Gene Flow Level Assessment Provide New Insights.
abstract: Mauremys sensu lato was divided into Mauremys, Chinemys, Ocadia, and Annamemys based on earlier research on morphology. Phylogenetic research on this group has been controversial because of disagreements regarding taxonomy, and the historical speciation is still poorly understood. In this study, 32 individuals of eight species that are widely distributed in Eurasia were collected. The complete mitochondrial (mt) sequences of 14 individuals of eight species were sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships, interspecific divergence times, and ancestral area reconstructions were explored using mt genome data (10,854 bp). Subsequent interspecific gene flow level assessment was performed using five unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci. The Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses revealed a paraphyletic relationship among four old genera (Mauremys, Annamemys, Chinemys, and Ocadia) and suggested the four old genera should be merged into the genus (Mauremys). Ancestral area reconstruction and divergence time estimation suggested Southeast Asia may be the area of origin for the common ancestral species of this genus and genetic drift may have played a decisive role in species divergence due to the isolated event of a glacial age. However, M. japonica may have been speciated due to the creation of the island of Japan. The detection of extensive gene flow suggested no vicariance occurred between Asia and Southeast Asia. Inconsistent results between gene flow assessment and phylogenetic analysis revealed the hybrid origin of M. mutica (Southeast Asian). Here ancestral area reconstruction and interspecific gene flow level assessment were first used to explore species origins and evolution of Mauremys sensu lato, which provided new insights on this genus.
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.|Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Huaxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.|Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Liuwang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.|Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Huazong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.|Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Xianmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.|Life Science College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Huanhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Youguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Jiaolian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Entao
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D051456:Gene Flow; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D010802:Phylogeny; D014426:Turtles / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial