title: Association of Polymorphisms in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System with Developing of Coronary Artery Disease in Bulgarian Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of common polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS; G894T) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]-I/D, angiotensinogen-T704C, and angiotensin II receptor type 1-A1166C) as risk factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Bulgarian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 171 patients with CAD and 123 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for studying the single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software PASW for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher percentage of the eNOS T894 allele was found in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), compared to controls (p = 0.006) and patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP, p = 0.005). Results from a binary regression analysis suggested that eNOS T allele and ACE D allele carriers were more likely to develop ACS than controls (T allele odds ratio [OR] 2.585, p = 0.024; D allele OR 3.585, p = 0.046) and patients with SAP (T allele OR 2.955, p = 0.009; D allele OR 2.703, p = 0.05). Exploratory evaluation of gene-gene combinations showed a significant association between eNOS-G894T/ACE-I/D and ACS compared to controls (p = 0.022) and patients with SAP (p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eNOS G894T and ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing ACS after adjusting for classical risk factors for atherosclerosis in the Bulgarian cohort.
authors.affiliation: 1 Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Roumen Tzanev Institute of Molecular Biology , Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria .
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mokretar
authors.affiliation: 1 Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Roumen Tzanev Institute of Molecular Biology , Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria .
authors.forename: Hristo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Velinov
authors.affiliation: 2 University Hospital "St. Anna, " Clinic of Cardiology, Sofia, Bulgaria .
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Postadzhiyan
authors.affiliation: 1 Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Roumen Tzanev Institute of Molecular Biology , Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria .
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apostolova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002031:Bulgaria; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A