title: Garcinol inhibits tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis via NF-κB inhibition in oral cancer.
abstract: Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone is extracted from the rind of the fruit of Garcinia indica, a plant found extensively in tropical regions. Its ability to inhibit tumour growth has been demonstrated in certain cancers. In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-tumour effects of garcinol on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Three OSCC cell lines (SCC-4, SCC-9 and SCC-25) were treated with garcinol for 48 h and its effect on growth and proliferation, clonogenic survival, cell cycle and apoptosis was studied by MTT, clonogenic assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining and annexin-V binding assay, respectively. The alteration in expression of NF-κB and COX-2 was studied by western blot analysis and that of VEGF by ELISA. Garcinol treatment significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the growth and proliferation and colony formation of OSCC cells with a concomitant induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. It did not show toxic effect on normal cells. It significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the expression of NK-κB and COX-2 expression in treated cells as compared to untreated controls besides inhibiting VEGF expression. It appears that garcinol exerts anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cell-cycle regulatory and anti-angiogenic effects on oral cancer cells through inhibition of NF-κB and COX-2. Thus, garcinol may be developed as a potential chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: Sadhna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India. satyandas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Satya N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-2499
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; C054597:garcinol
keywords: Apoptosis; COX-2; Cell cycle; Garcinol; NF-κB; Oral cancer