title: Geology and environments of subglacial Lake Vostok.
abstract: The reconstruction of the geological (tectonic) structure and environments of subglacial Lake Vostok is based on geophysical surveys and the study of mineral particles found in cores of accreted ice and frozen lake water (sampled after the lake was unsealed). Seismic reflection and refraction investigations conducted in the southern part of Lake Vostok show very thin (200-300 m) sedimentary cover overlying a crystalline basement. Most of this thin veneer is thought to have been deposited during temperate-glacial conditions in Oligocene to Middle Miocene time (ca 34-14 Ma). The composition of the lake-bottom sediments can be deduced from mineral inclusions found in cores of accreted ice. Inclusions are represented by soft aggregates consisting mainly of clay-mica minerals and micrometre-sized quartz grains. Some of these inclusions contain subangular to semi-rounded rock clasts (siltstones and sandstones) ranging from 0.3 to 8 mm in size. In total, 31 zircon grains have been identified in two rock clasts and dated using SHRIMP-II. The ages of the studied zircons range from 0.6 to 2.0 Ga with two distinct clusters between 0.8 and 1.15 Ga and between 1.6 and 1.8 Ga. Rock clasts obviously came from the western lake shore, which is thus composed of terrigenous strata with an age of not older than 600 Ma. The sedimentary nature of the western lake shore is also confirmed by seismic refraction data showing seismic velocities there of 5.4-5.5 km s(-1) at the bedrock surface. After Lake Vostok was unsealed, its water (frozen and sampled next season) was also studied with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis. This study showed the existence of calcium carbonate and silica microparticles (10-20 μm across) in frozen water.
authors.affiliation: All-Russia Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia), 1 Angliysky Avenue, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia St. Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia german_l@mail.ru.
authors.forename: German L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Leitchenkov
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Geological Institute (VSEGEI), Center of Isotopic Research (CIR), 74 Sredniy Ave, 199026 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Antonov
authors.affiliation: Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition (PMGE), 24 Pobeda St., Lomonosov, 189510 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Pavel I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Luneov
authors.affiliation: Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), 38 Bering St., 199397 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir Ya
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Lipenkov
keywords: Antarctica; minerals; rock clasts; sediments; seismic refraction data; subglacial Lake Vostok