title: Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Use, Attitudes, and Knowledge Among the Lebanese Population.
abstract: There has been a marked increase in use of herbal products and dietary supplements (HP/DS) in many developed and developing countries. However, data about consumption patterns and awareness about these products in the Lebanese population is scarce. The present study aimed to examine the determinants of HP/DS use in Lebanese adults, identify potential interactions and safety concerns and assess the knowledge and attitudes of consumers towards the efficacy and safety of these products. A face-to-face, 28-item survey was administered to Lebanese adults (n = 726) in community pharmacies across the country. Thirty-five percent of participants reported to be currently consuming at least one HP/DS including 23 % who were consuming vitamins and/or mineral supplements and 18 % consuming herbal products. Significant safety concerns were identified among consumers in the form of disease-supplement, drug-supplement as well as supplement-supplement interactions. Logistic multivariate regression analysis indicated that use of supplements was positively associated with the female gender and increasing age. The majority of respondents falsely believed that HP/DS pose no risk to the general population and that they must be safe to be sold in Lebanon. Moreover, most participants were consuming these products based on recommendations from friends or relatives rather than from healthcare professionals. Substantial misconceptions about HP/DS exist among Lebanese adults, indicating a need for consumers' education from professional and reliable sources on the efficacy and safety of such products.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: El Khoury
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Wijdan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, PO Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon. nadine.zeeni@lau.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zeeni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Complementary and alternative medicine; Dietary supplements; Drug interactions; Herbal products; Safety