title: Understanding Brassicaceae evolution through ancestral genome reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brassicaceae is a family of green plants of high scientific and economic interest, including thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), cruciferous vegetables (cabbages) and rapeseed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reconstruct an evolutionary framework of Brassicaceae composed of high-resolution ancestral karyotypes using the genomes of modern A. thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, Capsella rubella, Brassica rapa and Thellungiella parvula. The ancestral Brassicaceae karyotype (Brassicaceae lineages I and II) is composed of eight protochromosomes and 20,037 ordered and oriented protogenes. After speciation, it evolved into the ancestral Camelineae karyotype (eight protochromosomes and 22,085 ordered protogenes) and the proto-Calepineae karyotype (seven protochromosomes and 21,035 ordered protogenes) genomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three inferred ancestral karyotype genomes are shown here to be powerful tools to unravel the reticulated evolutionary history of extant Brassicaceae genomes regarding the fate of ancestral genes and genomic compartments, particularly centromeres and evolutionary breakpoints. This new resource should accelerate research in comparative genomics and translational research by facilitating the transfer of genomic information from model systems to species of agronomic interest.
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC 'Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales', 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63100, Clermont Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murat
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, Paris, F-75005, France.|Inserm, U1024, Paris, F-75005, France.|CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.affiliation: INRA UMR 1164 URGI Route de Saint Cyr, Versailles, 78026, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maumus
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC 'Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales', 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63100, Clermont Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Alix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armero
authors.affiliation: CNRS/UPVD UMR 5096 LGDP, 58 avenue P. Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.affiliation: INRA UMR 1164 URGI Route de Saint Cyr, Versailles, 78026, France.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quesneville
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, Paris, F-75005, France.|Inserm, U1024, Paris, F-75005, France.|CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roest Crollius
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC 'Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales', 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63100, Clermont Ferrand, France. jsalse@clermont.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salse
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D002503:Centromere; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D059785:Karyotype; D011123:Polyploidy