title: Proximal Hamstring Repair Strength: A Biomechanical Analysis at 3 Hip Flexion Angles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proximal hamstring repair for complete ruptures has become a common treatment. There is no consensus in the literature about postoperative rehabilitation protocols following proximal hamstring repair. Some protocols describe bracing to prevent hip flexion or knee extension while others describe no immobilization. There are currently no biomechanical studies evaluating proximal hamstring repairs; nor are there any studies evaluating the effect of different hip flexion angles on these repairs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As hip flexion increases from 0° to 90°, there will be a greater gap with cyclical loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proximal hamstring insertions were detached from the ischial tuberosity in 24 cadavers and were repaired with 3 single-loaded suture anchors in the hamstring footprint with a Krakow suture technique. Cyclic loading from 10 to 125 N at 1 Hz was then performed for 0°, 45°, and 90° of hip flexion for 1500 cycles. Gap formation, stiffness, yield load, ultimate load, and energy to ultimate load were compared between groups using paired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclic loading demonstrated the least amount of gap formation (P < .05) at 0° of hip flexion (2.39 mm) and most at 90° of hip flexion (4.19 mm). There was no significant difference in ultimate load between hip flexion angles (326, 309, and 338 N at 0°, 45°, and 90°, respectively). The most common mode of failure occurred with knot/suture failure (n = 17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing hip flexion from 0° to 90° increases the displacement across proximal hamstring repairs. Postoperative bracing that limits hip flexion should be considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repetitive motion involving hip flexion after a proximal hamstring repair may cause compromise of the repair.
authors.affiliation: Camp Lejeune Naval Hospital, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Hardeep
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Elifho
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Obopilwe
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charette
authors.affiliation: Boston Sports and Shoulder Center, New England Baptist Hospital, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
keywords: biomechanics; hamstring; rehabilitation; repair