title: Endoscopic surgery - exploring the modalities.
abstract: The adoption of endoscopic surgery continues to expand in clinical situations with the recent natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery technique enabling abdominal organ resection to be performed without necessitating any skin incision. In recent years, the development of numerous devices and platforms have allowed for such procedures to be carried out in a safer and more efficient manner, and in some ways to better simulate triangulation and surgical tasks (e.g., suturing and dissection). Furthermore, new novel techniques such as submucosal tunneling, endoscopic full-thickness resection and hybrid endo-laparoscopic approaches have further widened its use in more advanced diseases. Nevertheless, many of these new innovations are still at their pre-clinical stage. This review focuses on the various innovations in endoscopic surgery, with emphasis on devices and techniques that are currently in human use.
authors.affiliation: Daniel Jin Keat Lee, Kok-Yang Tan, Department of Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore.
authors.forename: Daniel Jin Keat
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Daniel Jin Keat Lee, Kok-Yang Tan, Department of Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kok-Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tan
keywords: Endo-laparoscopic; Endoscopic full-thickness resection; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Endoscopic surgery; Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery; Submucosal tunneling technique; Transanal total mesorectal excision