title: Role of stem cells during diabetic liver injury.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most severe endocrine metabolic disorders in the world that has serious medical consequences with substantial impacts on the quality of life. Type 2 diabetes is one of the main causes of diabetic liver diseases with the most common being non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Several factors that may explain the mechanisms related to pathological and functional changes of diabetic liver injury include: insulin resistance, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The realization that these factors are important in hepatocyte damage and lack of donor livers has led to studies concentrating on the role of stem cells (SCs) in the prevention and treatment of liver injury. Possible avenues that the application of SCs may improve liver injury include but are not limited to: the ability to differentiate into pancreatic β-cells (insulin producing cells), the contribution for hepatocyte regeneration, regulation of lipogenesis, glucogenesis and anti-inflammatory actions. Once further studies are performed to explore the underlying protective mechanisms of SCs and the advantages and disadvantages of its application, there will be a greater understand of the mechanism and therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the role of SCs in diabetic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Levine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Phillip
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Annable
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Tianhao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiaobing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alpini
authors.affiliation: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.|Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.|Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Fanyin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: diabetes; insulin resistance; liver diseases; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; stem cells