title: [Injection of submandibular gland with recombinant Exendin-4 and adeno-associated virus for the treatment of diabetic rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic effects of recombinant Exendin-4 and double-stranded adeno-associated virus (Exendin-4/dsAAV) on SD rats with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) through injecting it into submandibular gland (SG).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Exendin-4/dsAAV was injected into submandibular gland of diabetic rat. The insulin and α-amylase were detected by real-time PCR at the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. The immunohistochemisty was used to detect the insulin contents in SG at the 8th week. The concentration of blood glucose and levels of insulin secretion were detected after pancreatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SG gland was bigger in Exendin-4/dsAAV group than that in the control group, but the changes in α-amylase were not significant. The Exendin-4 and insulin gene expression was increased in the Exendin-4/dsAAV group (P<0.05). The Exendin-4 and insulin were positive in the SG. The blood glucose was lower and insulin concentration was higher in the Exendin-4/dsAAV group than those in the control group after pancreatectomy (P<0.05), and the insulin content was also increased in the dsAAV groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous expression of Exendin-4 in SG may improve glucose control and insulin secretion in T2DM rats through inducing expression of insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Infecious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D000229:Dependovirus; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D000077270:Exenatide; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000737:chemistry*; D014688:Venoms / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; D000516:alpha-Amylases