title: Discussions about Racial and Ethnic Differences in Internationally Adoptive Families: Links with Family Engagement, Warmth, & Control.
abstract: Discussions about racial and ethnic differences may allow international, transracial adoptive families to construct multiracial and/or multiethnic family identities. However, little is known about the ways family communication influences how discussions about racial and ethnic differences occur. This study examined associations between observed family communication constructs, including engagement, warmth, and control, and how adoptive families discuss racial and ethnic differences using a sample of families with adolescent-aged children adopted internationally from South Korea (N= 111 families, 222 adolescents). Using data collected during mid-adolescence and again during late adolescence, higher levels of maternal control and positive adolescent engagement were independently associated with a greater likelihood that family members acknowledged the importance of racial and ethnic differences and constructed a multiracial and/or multiethnic family identity. Adolescent engagement was also related to a greater likelihood that family members disagreed about the importance of racial and ethnic differences, and did not build a cohesive identity about differences.
authors.affiliation: doctoral candidate in the Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Kayla N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor in the Department of Family Social Science at the University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rueter
authors.affiliation: Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Adolescent; Adoption; Culture/Race; Dyadic Communication