title: Traumatic brain injury presenting with bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is a rare presentation of traumatic brain injury. Bilateral lesions are even rarer. Only twelve similar cases were previously published.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a patient with bilateral TBGH. He was managed conservatively. Long-term follow-up disclosed a cognitive dysfunctions attributed to associated diffuse axonal injury. Acceleration and deceleration forces may have torn pallidum arterial branches determining hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral TBGH is an uncommon presentation of traumatic brain injury. Associated diffuse axonal injury worsens the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, São Carlos, Brazil. Electronic address: murilovega@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Murilo Bucci
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: pthamamotof@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pedro Tadao
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Hamamoto Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: carla_jm520@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Carla de Jiácomo
authors.initials: Cde J
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia e Psiquiatria, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: mzanini@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Marco Antônio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zanini
mesh_terms: D020145:Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D020201:Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Basal ganglia hemorrhage; Brain injury; Diffuse axonal injury; Traumatic brain hemorrhage; Traumatic brain injury