title: Microbiologic Monitoring of Patients Before and After Living-Donor Kidney Transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze microbiologic screening results of the respiratory tract and urine of patients before and after livingdonor kidney transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the clinical screening results of 30 patients before and after living-donor kidney transplant who were treated in the Department of Transplantology at the National Scientific Medical Research Center from 2013 to 2014. Microbiologic screening results from urine, sputum, nasal, and throat tests were included: diagnostically significant concentration of isolates measured 105 colony-forming units/1 mL and above. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed with the Vitek 2 Automated System (BioMerieux, 673 620 399 RCS LYON, 69280 Marcy I 'Etoile / France).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of routine microbiologic screening before living-donor kidney transplant showed that 29 of 30 patients had isolates at 105 colony-forming units /1 mL and above. In 10 patients (34.4%) isolates were obtained from throat swabs, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most frequent infection (37.9%). Results from nasal swabs showed Staphylococcus aureus (10.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (17.2%). Sputum results showed that 15 patients had positive cultures (as monoculture in 11 patients and in microbial association in 4 patients). Bacteriuria was found in 4 patients. After transplant, only 6 patients showed isolates at infectious concentrations in microbiologic screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microbiologic screening showed a decreased frequency of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic isolates in patients after living-donor kidney transplant therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce septic complications.
authors.affiliation: From the Microbiology Laboratory, National Scientific Medial Research Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Nelya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bissenova
authors.forename: Aigerim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yergaliyeva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016482:Urinalysis; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*