title: [The effects of sleeve gastrectomy on renal function in type 2 diabetic rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the renal function changes and mechanisms on rats with diabetes through a sleeve gastrectomy operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six rats were induced diabetes through injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and 30 of these diabetic rats that blood glucose levels at the midrange (blood sugar 17.88-23.65 mmol/L, mean: 20.32 mmol/L) were randomly assigned to the sleeve gastrectomy group, Sham-operation group and control group. The serum creatinine, lipid parameters were measured postoperatively. The 24 h urine volume obtained and urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) was calculated. Serum and urinary creatinine were examined and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was counted. Kidney sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff, and then the index of mesangial expansion was determined. The expression of synaptopodin for podocytes was also performed through the immunohistochemical procedure. A one-way ANOVA and t-test were performed to evaluate differences between groups and each other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one rat of SG group died after operation. The GFR ((8.44 ± 2.10) ml · g⁻¹ · d⁻¹), 24 h UAER ((36.04 ± 11.10) mg/d), plasma lipids level (total cholesterol (1.66 ± 0.23) mmol/L, triglycerides (1.25 ± 0.17) mmol/L), kidney weight ((1.61 ± 0.06) g), the index of mesangial expansion ((6.14 ± 1.50)%) and synaptopodin expression ((20.44 ± 2.99)%) were improved in the SG group compared with the sham-operation group ((15.05 ± 3.01) ml · g⁻¹ · d⁻¹, (57.01 ± 11.34) mg/d, (2.15 ± 0.29) mmol/L, (1.65 ± 0.23) mmol/L, (1.93 ± 0.07) g, (11.32 ± 2.09)%, (10.34 ± 1.43)%) and control group ((14.79 ± 2.38) ml · g⁻¹ · d⁻¹, (62.71 ± 16.46) mg/d, (2.23 ± 0.21) mmol/L, (1.59 ± 0.20) mmol/L, (1.91 ± 0.06) g, (10.82 ± 1.79)%, (11.13 ± 2.43)%) (t = 0.781-5.025, all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sleeve gastrectomy procedure can improve the renal function in a diabetes rat model may be through protecting the podocytes function and preventing the mesangial expansion of glomeruli.
authors.affiliation: Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qunzheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hanxiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Email: Husanyuan1962@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine