title: Analysis of Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions Using Sugar-Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles for Cell Imaging.
abstract: Protein-carbohydrate binding depends on multivalent ligand display that is even more important for low affinity carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. Detection and analysis of these low affinity multivalent binding events are technically challenging. We describe the synthesis of dual-fluorescent sugar-capped silicon nanoparticles that proved to be an attractive tool for the analysis of low affinity interactions. These ultrasmall NPs with sizes of around 4 nm can be used for NMR quantification of coupled sugars. The silicon nanoparticles are employed to measure the interaction between the cancer-associated glycosphingolipids GM3 and Gg3 and the associated kD value by surface plasmon resonance experiments. Cell binding studies, to investigate the biological relevance of these carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, also benefit from these fluorescent sugar-capped nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Chian-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam, Germany.|Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hütter
authors.affiliation: Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Chien-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam, Germany.|Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varela-Aramburu
authors.affiliation: Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Cola
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam, Germany.|Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lepenies
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14476 Potsdam, Germany.|Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Seeberger
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Carbohydrate−carbohydrate interactions; low-affinity binding; real-time imaging; silicon nanoparticles; surface plasmon resonance