title: Fetal Renal Stem Cell Transplant in Nephrotic and Nonnephrotic Glomerulonephritis with Stage 2-4 Chronic Kidney Disease: Potential Effect on Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proteinuria is a major cause of glomerulosclerosis progression in glomerular diseases, and the development of end-stage renal disease is more rapid in nephrotic patients than in nonnephrotic ones. The renal parenchyma is less regenerable because it is a tissue consisting of renal cells. Thus, stem cells obtained from fetal kidney tissue might be effective for reducing proteinuria and delaying glomerulosclerosis in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report presents preliminary data from a prospective cohort study that included 17 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis in stage 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease who completed 3 visits during 1 year of follow-up. Fetal renal stem cells (multiple cells in suspension) were injected into the patient every 6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their nephrotic status, and 24-hour maximal proteinuria was recorded for at least 6 months (first group with proteinuria < 3.5 g/24 h, and second group with proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 h).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, group 1 was observed to have stable hemoglobin and total protein levels but significantly decreased albumin levels and glomerular filtration rates. In group 2, total protein with serum albumin significantly increased, and proteinuria and glomerular filtration rates significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate decline between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with fetal renal stem cells significantly decreased proteinuria in nephrotic patients. However, this outcome also might have resulted from a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Further studies with a larger number of patients and a control group would help to achieve better results that measure the efficacy of this treatment.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, National Scientific Medical Research Center, Astana, Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Saltanat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuganbekova
authors.forename: Abduzhappar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaipov
authors.forename: Zaiyrkhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Turebekov
authors.forename: Samat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saparbayev
authors.forename: Galiya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaimardanova
authors.forename: Nadezhda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Popova
authors.forename: Zhannat
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Taubaldiyeva
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serebrennikova
authors.forename: Rakhat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trimova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D053686:Fetal Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009401:Nephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult