title: Tumor necrosis factor A and interleucin 6 serum values in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is highly effective for the treatment of uretral lithiasis and remains the first treatment option for the majority of patients when ureteral lithiasis can not be treated otherwise for more than two decades. In the present study we aim to evaluate the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and interleucin 6 (IL-6) in patients undergoing ESWL and investigate whether preESWL levels of serum TNF-a and IL-6 correllate with any possible infectious complications after ESWL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients (17 males and 13 females), with a mean age of 43 who underwent ESWL for ureteral stones and 10 healthy volunteers serving as the control group were enrolled in this study. Serum samples for TNF-a and IL-6 were obtained before ESWL and after ESWL, 1, 24, and 48 hours and 2, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The preESWL and postESWL serum TNF-a levels and IL-6 were compared and correlated with possible tissue damage and infectious complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that serum TNF-a levels were significantly decreased one hour (P<0,001) and increased 24 hours (P=0.007) after ESWL. Furthermore IL-6 was also significantly increased 2 hours (P<0,001), 24 and 48 hours after ESWL (P=0,003 and 0,002 respectively). In 3 patients we observed fever (39 (o)C) postESWL procedure with negative urine culture and high serum values of TNF-a and IL6 preESWL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high specific markers such as serum TNF-a levels (15-25pg/ml) and IL-6 (25-35pg/ml) might be useful to identifying patients with possible infection following ESWL lithotripsy. However, further studies are needed to get more accurate results.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, PC 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece. bantis68@otenet.gr.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsakaldimis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bantis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zissimopoulos
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalaitzis
authors.forename: Stilianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gianakopoulos
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitiakoudis
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polichronidis
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touloupidis