title: Live and Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 May Induce Modulatory Cytokines Profiles on Macrophages RAW 264.7.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and/or its products to induce the synthesis of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) by mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7). Three microorganism preparations were used: live L. rhamnosus (LLR) suspension, heat-killed L. rhamnosus (HKLR) suspension, and the supernatant of a heat-killed L. rhamnosus (SHKLR) suspension, which were cultured with macrophages (37°C, 5% CO2) for 2 h and 30 min. After that, cells were cultured for 16 h. The supernatants were used for the quantitation of cytokines, by ELISA. The results were compared with the synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analysed, using ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%. LLR and HKLR groups were able to significantly increase the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 (P < 0.05). SHKLR also significantly increased the production of TNF-α and IL-10 (P < 0.05) but not IL-6 (P > 0.05). All the L. rhamnosus suspensions were not able to produce detectable levels of IL-1β or significant levels of IL-4 and IL-12 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, live and heat-killed L. rhamnosus suspensions were able to induce the synthesis of different cytokines with proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) or regulatory (IL-10) functions, suggesting the role of strain L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 in the modulation or in the stimulation of immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adeline Lacerda
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jorjão
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Eduardo
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Basic Institute, University of Taubaté, Street Expedicionário Ernesto Pereira 3, 12020-130 Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariella Vieira Pereira
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio Antonio Talge
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Olavo Cardoso
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane Dias
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines