title: Differential short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 suppression in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: implications for pathogenesis and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is an epithelium-secreted protein that is involved in innate immunity. A protective role for SPLUNC1 in lower respiratory inflammation and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has recently been recognized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An impaired epithelial immune barrier has been proposed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CRS. Recent research has demonstrated that SPLUNC1 is profoundly reduced in polyp tissues of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with control tissues. Studies investigating the differential expression of SPLUNC1 in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP have been published. Nasal SPLUNC1 expression was inhibited by Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) but was stimulated by toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and glucocorticoids. Decreased SPLUNC1 expression in the sinus mucosa is associated with positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial colonization and poor surgical outcomes in CRS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies identify the role of SPLUNC1 in sinonasal innate immunity and the pathogenesis of CRS. Defective expression of SPLUNC1 in CRSwNP patients may lead to insufficient maintenance of the epithelial barrier function and enhanced bacterial colonization. The use of SPLUNC1 as a therapeutic target for CRSwNP remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: aAllergy Center, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou bDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C485599:BPIFA1 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; C578095:IL13 protein, human; C508594:IL2 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010750:Phosphoproteins