title: High Prevalence of Nausea among School Children in Latin America.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of nausea and its association with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a large-scale, population-based study of Latin American school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study collected data from children in 3 Latin American countries. A Spanish version of the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III Version (QPGS-III) was administered to school children in Central and South America. Subjects were classified into FGIDs based on Rome criteria (QPGS-III). Students from 4 public and 4 private schools in the countries of El Salvador, Panama, and Ecuador participated in this epidemiologic study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1137 school children with mean age 11.5 (SD 1.9, range 8-15) years completed the QPGS-III (El Salvador n = 399; Panama n = 321; Ecuador n = 417). Nausea was present in 15.9% of all school children. Two hundred sixty-eight (24%) children met criteria for at least 1 FGID. Nausea was significantly more common in children with FGIDs compared with those without: El Salvador 38% vs 15% (P < .001); Panama 22% vs 7% (P < .001); Ecuador 25% vs 13% (P = .004). Among children with FGIDs, those with functional constipation had a high prevalence of nausea. Nausea was significantly more common in girls and children attending private schools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nausea is commonly present in Latin American school children. FGIDs are frequently associated with nausea.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saps
authors.affiliation: Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco-Benítez
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Neurogastroenterology, Motility, and Autonomic Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovacic
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Neurogastroenterology, Motility, and Autonomic Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chelimsky
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Neurogastroenterology, Motility, and Autonomic Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Karlo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovacic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Játiva Mariño
authors.affiliation: Hospital del Niño, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chanís
authors.affiliation: Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Salvador, El Salvador.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zablah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D004544:El Salvador / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D010176:Panama / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence