title: Effect of Expectations on Treatment Outcome for Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation.
abstract: METHODS
  Secondary analysis of randomized and nonrandomized prospective cohorts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of patient treatment expectations on treatment outcomes for patients with intervertebral disc herniation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patient expectations about treatment effectiveness may have important relationships with clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgroup and reanalysis of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial, a randomized trial and comprehensive cohort study enrolling patients between March 2000 and November 2004 from 13 multidisciplinary spine clinics in 11 US states. Overall, 501 randomized and 744 observational patients (1244 total) who were surgical candidates with radiculopathy and imaging confirmed lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were enrolled. The primary study compared surgical discectomy to usual nonoperative care; this subgroup analysis reassessed outcomes on the basis of treatment expectations at baseline. Expectations about symptomatic and functional improvement for both surgery and nonoperative care were assessed on 5-point scales (1="No Chance (0%)" to 5="Certain (100%)"). Outcomes were assessed using longitudinal regression models analyzed by treatment received.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1244 IDH SPORT participants, 1168 provided data on both outcomes and baseline expectations and were included in the current analysis: 467 from the randomized and 701 from the observational cohort. Low expectations of outcomes with surgery predicted poorer outcome regardless of treatment. High expectations of outcomes with nonoperative care predicted better nonoperative outcomes but did not affect surgical results. These differences were of similar magnitude to the difference in outcomes between surgery and nonoperative care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High expectations of treatment benefit had clinically significant positive associations with outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors.affiliation: *The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College†Department of Orthopaedics‡Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH§Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, San Francisco¶Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth||Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: Sigurd H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Berven
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Tor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Tosteson
authors.forename: Anna N A
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Tosteson
authors.forename: Serena S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D059031:Anticipation, Psychological; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome