title: The High Prevalence of Low HDL-Cholesterol Levels and Dyslipidemia in Rural Populations in Northwestern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyslipidemia is a major health problem in China and an important modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and associated risk factors among adults in rural northwest China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional analyses involving 2,980 adults aged >18 years, information on the demographics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and medical history was collected via face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected to determine total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of high TC, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, and high TG were 1.0%, 0.6%, 60.9%, and 13.7%, respectively. TC, LDL-cholesterol, and TG increased with age in females. Elevated TC was more common in females than in males. The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was 67.6% in males and 55.4% in females. Current smokers, those with less education, those who were overweight or obese, and those with large waist circumference were more likely to have low HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). Multivariable regression showed that male gender showed an association with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.68-2.61), age ≥60 years (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99), BMI (BMI = 24-27.9, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54, p = 0.02 and BMI≥28, OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.10-2.20, p = 0.01) and enlarged waist circumference (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.51-2.92). Non-alcohol drinker was associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.53-0.99, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was 67.6% and 55.4% for males and females. Male gender, non-alcohol drinker, BMI and central obesity were important risk factors for low HDL-cholesterol in Chinese adults.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.|Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Chouji
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Haoqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yongrui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases, Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang Western Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jinen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides