title: Pathogenicity and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis virus is associated with elevated apoptosis and innate immune responses.
abstract: To establish a characteristic host response to predict the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV), we investigated innate immune responses (IIR) and apoptosis in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEKC) and tracheal organ cultures (TOC) infected with three IBV strains. Results showed nephropathogenic IBV strains 885 and QX induced greater apoptosis in CEKC than M41, which induced greater apoptosis in TOCs compared to 885 and QX. Elevated IIR is associated with tissue tropism of different IBV strains. Compared to M41, 885 and QX caused greater induction of toll like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5) and interferon beta (IFN-β) in CEKC. In contrast, M41 infection caused greater expression of these genes than 885 or QX in TOCs. In summary, greater levels of apoptosis and elevated levels of TLR3, MDA5 and IFN-β expression are associated with increased pathogenicity of IBV strains in renal and tracheal tissues.
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK; College Central Laboratory, LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India. Electronic address: Rajesh.Chhabra@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Electronic address: skuchipudi@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Suresh V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kuchipudi
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Electronic address: Chantrey@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chantrey
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. Electronic address: K.Ganapathy@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganapathy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000032:analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000032:analysis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000032:analysis; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D016899:Interferon-beta; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases
keywords: Apoptosis; Chicken embryo kidney cells; Infectious bronchitis virus; Innate immune responses; Pathogenicity; Tissue tropism; Tracheal organ cultures