title: SUBSCAPULAR AND TRICEPS SKINFOLDS REFERENCE VALUES OF HISPANIC AMERICAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR COMPARISON WITH THE REFERENCE OF CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  skinfolds measurements obviously increased with age in both sexes but, in boys, this increase is much more marked in highest percentiles between 8 and 13 years; this maximum is reached earlier than what occurs in CDC reference. In both sexes, all percentiles analized in Hispanic American schoolchildren were higher than the CDC reference except P97 up to 10 or 13 years that was notably smaller.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the skinfolds percentiles of Hispanic American children and adolescents differ from CDC that are usually used as reference. The values of subscapular and triceps skinfolds provided in this study, could be applied to populations of a similar ethnic background, especially in comparative studies of body composition.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación Epinut. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.. marrodan@ucm.es.
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Marrodán Serrano
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación Epinut. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.. mglezmontero@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Montero de Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación Epinut. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, España.. angel.herraez@uah.es.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Herráez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología de la Altura. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Argentina.. ealfaro@inbial.unju.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Emma Laura
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Alfaro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología de la Altura. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Argentina.. bejarano@inbial.unju.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Felipe Bejarano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.. margarita.carmenate@uam.es.
authors.forename: María Margarita
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Carmenate
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.. consuelo.prado@uam.es.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios de Antropología Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Argentina.. delialomaglio@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beatriz Lomaglio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, España.. noemi.lopez.ejeda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López-Ejeda
authors.affiliation: Museo de Antropología Montané. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba.. ajmf@fbio.uh.cu.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación Epinut. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.. mesa@ucm.es.
authors.forename: María Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales. Universidad Central de Venezuela.. bioantropologiaucv@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Méndez Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Hermosillo, México.. jmelendez@ciad.mx.
authors.forename: Juana María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Meléndez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación Epinut. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.. susana.moreno@wfp.org.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno Romero
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación Epinut. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.. jpacheco@ucm.es.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Museo de Antropología Montané. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba.. vanevaz@fbio.uh.cu.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología de la Altura. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Argentina.. dipierri@inbial.unju.edu.ar.
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dipierri
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D055815:Young Adult