title: Half-size me? How calorie and price information influence ordering on restaurant menus with both half and full entrée portion sizes.
abstract: Many restaurants are increasingly required to display calorie information on their menus. We present a study examining how consumers' food choices are affected by the presence of calorie information on restaurant menus. However, unlike prior research on this topic, we focus on the effect of calorie information on food choices made from a menu that contains both full size portions and half size portions of entrées. This different focus is important because many restaurants increasingly provide more than one portion size option per entrée. Additionally, we examine whether the impact of calorie information differs depending on whether full portions are cheaper per unit than half portions (non-linear pricing) or whether they have a similar per unit price (linear pricing). We find that when linear pricing is used, calorie information leads people to order fewer calories. This decrease occurs as people switch from unhealthy full sized portions to healthy full sized portions, not to unhealthy half sized portions. In contrast, when non-linear pricing is used, calorie information has no impact on calories selected. Considering the impact of calorie information on consumers' choices from menus with more than one entrée portion size option is increasingly important given restaurant and legislative trends, and the present research demonstrates that calorie information and pricing scheme may interact to affect choices from such menus.
authors.affiliation: Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, 401 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. Electronic address: Kelly.haws@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Haws
authors.affiliation: Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, 100 Fuqua Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Electronic address: peggy.liu@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Peggy J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003132:Commerce; D003657:Decision Making; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000191:economics; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008612:Menu Planning / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D064787:Portion Size; D012147:Restaurants / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Calorie labeling; Menu labeling; Nutrition labeling; Obesity; Portion sizes; Pricing