title: Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation.
abstract: Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death driven by loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and subsequent accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly lipid hydroperoxides. This form of iron-dependent cell death is genetically, biochemically, and morphologically distinct from other cell death modalities, including apoptosis, unregulated necrosis, and necroptosis. Ferroptosis is regulated by specific pathways and is involved in diverse biological contexts. Here we summarize the discovery of ferroptosis, the mechanism of ferroptosis regulation, and its increasingly appreciated relevance to both normal and pathological physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: yangw@stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Wan Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: bstockwell@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Brent R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Stockwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D000080662:Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007501:Iron; D000080662:Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase
keywords: GPX4; ROS; cell death; ferroptosis; lipid peroxides; system x(c)(−)