title: Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Intensive Care.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious postoperative complication following cardiac surgery. Despite the incidence of AKI requiring temporary renal replacement therapy being low, it is nonetheless associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, preventing AKI associated with cardiac surgery can dramatically improve outcomes in these patients. The pathogenesis of AKI is multifactorial and many attempts to prevent or treat renal injury have been met with limited success. In this article, we will discuss the incidence and risk factors for cardiac surgery associated AKI, including the pathophysiology, potential biomarkers of injury, and treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sladen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada mazerd@smh.ca.
authors.forename: C David
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Mazer
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: cardiac anesthesia; cardiopulmonary bypass; coagulation; hemostasis