title: Gender Differences in Depression Symptoms Among Rice Farmers in Thailand.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression symptoms and risk factors by gender among rice farmers in Nakhon Ratchasima Province in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was designed using interviewed questionnaire on lifestyle, work, and depression symptoms. To examine the factors associated with depression symptoms, multiple logistic regression analysis was used. Depression symptoms were found in 39.0% of males and 48.1% of females. Eating healthy food, preparing to prevent the problem, having community integration, hearing loud machines, and using personal protective equipment during work with chemical substances were associated factors among males with depression symptoms. Having family connection, being an accepted person in community, hearing loud machines, and having work-related financial hardship were predictors among females with depression symptoms. The prevalence of depression symptoms among Thai rice farmers was high. To prevent mental health problems, it is important to give males the support for health action and working styles, and females an accepting atmosphere. Corresponding to the aim, we have to define the factor by gender.
authors.affiliation: Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanklang
authors.affiliation: Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand orawan.kae@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Orawan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaewboonchoo
authors.affiliation: Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuharu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suwan-ampai
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Plernpit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000067565:Farmers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: depression; farmer; health risks; lifestyle; mental health; work environments