title: Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Intestinal Failure.
abstract: Recent advances in medical and surgical management have led to improved long-term survival in children with intestinal failure. Yet, limited data exist on their neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes. The aim of the present study was to measure neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with intestinal failure.
  
  
  
  Children enrolled in a regional intestinal failure program underwent prospective neurodevelopmental and psychometric evaluation using a validated scoring tool. Cognitive impairment was defined as a mental developmental index <70. Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as cerebral palsy, visual or hearing impairment, or cognitive impairment. Univariate analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Data are presented as median (range).
  
  
  
  Fifteen children with a remnant bowel length of 18 (5-85) cm were studied at age 17 (12-67) months. Thirteen patients remained dependent on parenteral nutrition. Twelve (80%) subjects scored within the normal range on cognitive testing. Each child with cognitive impairment was noted to have additional risk factors independent of intestinal failure including cardiac arrest and extreme prematurity. On univariate analysis, cognitive impairment was associated with longer inpatient hospital stays, increased number of surgical procedures, and prematurity (P < 0.02). In total, 4 (27%) children demonstrated findings consistent with neurodevelopmental impairment.
  
  
  
  A majority of children with intestinal failure demonstrated normal neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes on psychometric testing. These data suggest that children with intestinal failure without significant comorbidity may be at low risk for long-term neurodevelopmental impairment.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Surgery†Core for Biomedical Statistics‡Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chesley
authors.forename: Sabrina E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Lilah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melzer
authors.forename: Assaf P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Oron
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Horslen
authors.forename: F Curt
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Javid
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017741:Survivors