title: Highly active antiretroviral therapy reduces pulmonary IL-8 in HIV-positive women smokers.
abstract: Increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 are detected in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and during the pathological pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection : To explore a potential interrelationship between smoking, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV immune status, we collected sputum samples, along with complete pulmonary function tests from groups of HIV-infected women smokers who were either on or off HAART. Analysis of the patient's sputum for cell count along with quantitative measures of IL-8 was performed and correlated with concurrent assessment of pulmonary function test (PFT). We found that HIV-positive smokers had decreased measurements on PFT of the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)) compared to standard reference values that did not differ with HAART usage. HAART, when controlled for CD4, showed a suppressive effect on the levels of pro inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in sputum. We conclude that in the era of HAART, HIV along with concurrent tobacco smoking is associated with declines in PFT in HIV-infected women. The use of HAART in patients appears to mitigate the increases in IL-8 levels in relation to immune status based on CD4 count.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA gtaylor@medicine.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Gregory H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Adrienne A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garzino-Demo
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8
keywords: HIV; IL-8; antiretroviral therapy; pulmonary function; smoking; tobacco