title: microRNAs in Cerebrovascular Disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke, represent major burden of disability and economy impact. Major advances in primary and secondary prevention and therapy are needed in order to tackle this public health problem. Our better understanding of pathophysiology is essential in order to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools and strategies. microRNAs are a family of important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and their involvement in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases has already been reported. Moreover, microRNAs may represent above-mentioned potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical practice. Within this chapter, we briefly describe basic epidemiology, aetiology and clinical manifestation of following cerebrovascular diseases: extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, acute stroke, intracranial aneurysms and cerebral arterio-venous malformations. Further, in each chapter, the current knowledge about the involvement of specific microRNAs and their potential use in clinical practice will be summarized. More specifically, within the subchapter "miRNAs in carotid atherosclerosis", general information about miRNA involvement in atherosclerosis will be described (miR-126, miR-17-92, miR-155 and others) with special emphasis put on miRNAs affecting carotid plaque progression and stability (e.g. miR-145, miR-146 or miR-217). In the subchapter "miRNAs in acute stroke", we will provide insight into recent knowledge from animal and human studies concerning miRNA profiling in acute stroke and their expression dynamics in brain tissue and extracellular fluids (roles of, e.g. let-7 family, miR-21, miR-29 family, miR-124, miR-145, miR-181 family, miR-210 and miR-223). Subchapters dealing with "miRNAs and AV malformations" and "miRNAs and intracranial aneurysms" will focus on miR-21, miR-26, miR-29 family and miR-143/145.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. 214565@mail.muni.cz.|Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. 214565@mail.muni.cz.|International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. 214565@mail.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Volný
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. 381169@mail.muni.cz.|Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. 381169@mail.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kašičková
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic. 381169@mail.muni.cz.|International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. 381169@mail.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coufalová
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. petra.cimflova@fnusa.cz.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cimflová
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic. jnmedved@seznam.cz.|Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic. jnmedved@seznam.cz.|Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic. jnmedved@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novák
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Carotid atherosclerosis; Cerebral arterio-venous malformations; Intracranial aneurysms; Ischemic stroke; microRNA