title: A novel human leiomyoma tissue derived matrix for cell culture studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The composition of the matrix molecules is important in in vitro cell culture experiments of e.g. human cancer invasion and vessel formation. Currently, the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma-derived products, such as Matrigel®, are the most commonly used tumor microenvironment (TME) mimicking matrices for experimental studies. However, since Matrigel® is non-human in origin, its molecular composition does not accurately simulate human TME. We have previously described a solid 3D organotypic myoma disc invasion assay, which is derived from human uterus benign leiomyoma tumor. Here, we describe the preparation and analyses of a processed, gelatinous leiomyoma matrix, named Myogel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total protein extract, Myogel, was formulated from myoma. The protein contents of Myogel were characterized and its composition and properties compared with a commercial mouse Matrigel®. Myogel was tested and compared to Matrigel® in human cell adhesion, migration, invasion, colony formation, spheroid culture and vessel formation experiments, as well as in a 3D hanging drop video image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that only 34% of Myogel's molecular content was similar to Matrigel®. All test results showed that Myogel was comparable with Matrigel®, and when mixed with low-melting agarose (Myogel-LMA) it was superior to Matrigel® in in vitro Transwell® invasion and capillary formation assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we have developed a novel Myogel TME matrix, which is recommended for in vitro human cell culture experiments since it closely mimics the human tumor microenvironment of solid cancers.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. tuula.salo@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. tuula.salo@oulu.fi.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. tuula.salo@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. meeri.sutinen@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. meeri.sutinen@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Meeri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutinen
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. ehsanul.hoqueapu@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. ehsanul.hoqueapu@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Ehsanul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoque Apu
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. elias.sundquist@student.oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. elias.sundquist@student.oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, SP-13202-550, Brazil. nilva.cervigne@gmail.com.|Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil. nilva.cervigne@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nilva K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Cervigne
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil. carineusp@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Carine Ervolino
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Center for Machine Vision Research, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. saad.akram@oulu.fi.|Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. saad.akram@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Saad Ullah
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. steffen.ohlmeier@oulu.fi.|Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. steffen.ohlmeier@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohlmeier
authors.affiliation: Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. suomi.fumi@gmail.com.|Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. suomi.fumi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suomi
authors.affiliation: Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. lauri.eklund@oulu.fi.|Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. lauri.eklund@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. pirjo.juusela@fimnet.fi.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juusela
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. pirjo.astrom@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. pirjo.astrom@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Åström
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. ccbitu@gmail.com.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. ccbitu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina Cavalcante
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bitu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland. markku.santala@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santala
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland. kalle.savolainen@pshp.fi.
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. johanna.korvala@oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland. johanna.korvala@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korvala
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP-13083-970, Brazil. adriana.paesleme@lnbio.cnpem.br.
authors.forename: Adriana Franco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Paes Leme
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP-13414-903, Brazil. coletta@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Coletta
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D012685:Sepharose