title: Ambient Molecular Analysis of Biological Tissue Using Low-Energy, Femtosecond Laser Vaporization and Nanospray Postionization Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Direct analysis of plant and animal tissue samples by laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) was investigated using low-energy, femtosecond duration laser vaporization at wavelengths of 800 and 1042 nm followed by nanospray postionization. Low-energy (<50 μJ), fiber-based 1042 nm LEMS (F-LEMS) allowed interrogation of the molecular species in fresh flower petal and leaf samples using 435 fs, 10 Hz bursts of 20 pulses from a Ytterbium-doped fiber laser and revealed comparable results to high energy (75-1120 μJ), 45 fs, 800 nm Ti:Sapphire-based LEMS (Ti:Sapphire-LEMS) measurements. Anthocyanins, sugars, and other metabolites were successfully detected and revealed the anticipated metabolite profile for the petal and leaf samples. Phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine, were identified from a fresh mouse brain section sample using Ti:Sapphire-LEMS without the application of matrix. These lipid features were suppressed in both the fiber-based and Ti:Sapphire-based LEMS measurements when the brain sample was prepared using the optimal cutting temperature compounds that are commonly used in animal tissue cryosections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.|Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
authors.forename: Fengjian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.|Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.|Signature Science, LLC., 2819 Fire Rd, Egg Harbor Township, NJ, 08234, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.|Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
authors.forename: Jieutonne J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. rjlevis@temple.edu.|Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. rjlevis@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Levis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010743:Phospholipids
keywords: Ambient mass spectrometry; Biological tissue; Electrospray ionization; Femtosecond fiber laser; Laser vaporization