title: [Lifestyles and Styles of Parental Care Related to Childhood Obesity: compare Spain with Northern European Countries: ENERGY-Project].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of childhood obesity is higher in Spain than in Northern European countries for reasons that are still unknown. The objective was to determine whether variables related to lifestyle habits and styles of parental care related to obesity in children differ between the countries of Northern Europe and Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the ENERGY international project using questionnaires. We analyzed data from Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium and Norway including 1937 boys and 2061 girls aged 10-12 years old. We have studied the behavior of parents related to dietary variables, variables related to physical activity and ways of care. We calculated the mean and the proportions of all the variables and then calculated the association between different variables with the country of origin using the beta coefficient and the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with parents in Northern Europe, Spanish parents consume significantly less days a week sugary drinks (Mean: 1.37 vs 2.16) but they consume more fruit juices (Mean: 2,61 vs 2,35). Spanish parents are more active going to their work, they are less sedentary but perform physical activity in their leisure time fewer days per week (Mean days per week they do physical activity in their leisure time: 1.88 vs 2.21). In addition, they are less negotiators with their children (Mean (0-4): 1.26 vs 1.68) and prevent less negative role models (Mean (0-4): 0.90 vs 1.29). However, they pay more attention (Mean (0-4): 3.42 vs 3.04) and encourage more healthy habits (Mean (0-4): 2.38 vs 2.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variables related to lifestyle habits and styles of care related to childhood obesity differ between Spanish parents and those of the countries of Northern Europe but these differences are not statistically significant. Therefore, differences in lifestyles and parenting practices might not explain the significant differences in childhood obesity between the Northern countries and Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miqueleiz
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Te Velde
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regidor
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Lippevelde
authors.forename: Froydis N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Vik
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alvira
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunst
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain