title: App-assisted external ventricular drain insertion.
abstract: The freehand technique for insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is based on fixed anatomical landmarks and does not take individual variations into consideration. A patient-tailored approach based on augmented-reality techniques using devices such as smartphones can address this shortcoming. The Sina neurosurgical assist (Sina) is an Android mobile device application (app) that was designed and developed to be used as a simple intraoperative neurosurgical planning aid. It overlaps the patient's images from previously performed CT or MRI studies on the image seen through the device camera. The device is held by an assistant who aligns the images and provides information about the relative position of the target and EVD to the surgeon who is performing EVD insertion. This app can be used to provide guidance and continuous monitoring during EVD placement. The author describes the technique of Sina-assisted EVD insertion into the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle and reports on its clinical application in 5 cases as well as the results of ex vivo studies of ease of use and precision. The technique has potential for further development and use with other augmented-reality devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney; and Department of Neurosurgery, Nepean Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eftekhar
mesh_terms: D057785:Catheters; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D063731:Mobile Applications; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Android app; EVD = external ventricular drain; OR = operating room; app = mobile device application; augmented reality; diagnostic and operative techniques; external ventricular drain; image-guided surgery; neuronavigation