title: Bacillomycin D and its combination with amphotericin B: promising antifungal compounds with powerful antibiofilm activity and wound-healing potency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we evaluated the ability of the lipopeptide bacillomycin D and the antifungal drug amphotericin B as well as their combination, to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation and to accelerate keratinocyte cell migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antibiofilm activity of bacillomycin D and its combination with amphotericin B was carried out by crystal violet colorimetric method. Our results have shown that, when combined together at low concentrations nontoxic to mammalian cells, corresponding to 1/32 MIC (0·39 μg ml(-1) ) and 1/4 MIC (0·06 μg ml(-1) ) for bacillomycin D and amphotericin B, respectively, a clear antibiofilm activity is manifested (95% inhibition of biofilm formation) along with a clear inhibition of germ tube formation. Moreover, the effect of both drugs on preformed biofilm of C. albicans strain was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The combination of the two antifungal compounds at 0·39 and 1 μg ml(-1) for bacillomycin D and amphotericin B, respectively, resulted in a clear enhancement of biofilm eradication compared to the results obtained with each drug alone. Furthermore, this combination was found to promote the closure of a gap produced in a monolayer of human keratinocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillomycin D and its combination with amphotericin B display impressive anti-biofilm and wound-healing activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of the lipopeptide bacillomycin D and the antifungal drug amphotericin B in medical devices may offer a promising alternative for topical treatment of Candida-associated infections in the setting of a wound.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tabbene
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azaiez
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Universita' La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Grazia
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karkouch
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ben Slimene
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elkahoui
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Phytobactériologie, UR Agrobiotechnologie, Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques, Marrakech, Morocco.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Alfeddy
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Universita' La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casciaro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Universita' La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Luca
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Limam
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Universita' La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mangoni
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D010455:Peptides; C027845:bacillomycin D; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: Candida albicans; amphotericin B; anti-biofilm; bacillomycin D; synergy; wound healing