title: Alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation procedure using SocketKAP(™) : exploratory study of serial cone-beam computed tomography and histologic analysis in canine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this pilot study was to examine the kinetics of alterations in alveolar ridge width and height following tooth extraction with and without ridge preservation, using anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) and a novel device (SocketKAP(™) ) designed for obturation of socket orifice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maxillary left and right PM1 and mandibular right PM2 and PM4 were extracted on six beagle dogs and treated as follows: Group A: negative control; Group B: SocketKAP(™) alone; Group C: ABBM + SocketKAP(™) . Serial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken at 0-, 1-, 2-, 4-, 8- and 12-week intervals to calculate the rate of alveolar bone loss, followed by histologic and histomorphometric analyses at 12 weeks. Across group outcomes were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without additional intervention, the crestal-most 3 mm of alveolar bone width lost approximately 0.21-0.28 mm per week. The rate of alveolar buccal bone height loss was 0.19 mm per week. Comparatively, in group C, the alveolar bone was relatively stable, with loss of only 0.003-0.13 mm of width and 0.12 mm of height per week. These differences were statistically significant. The alveolar bone in sites treated by SocketKAP(™) alone was significantly different from control only at select time points and locations of the ridge, presumably due to small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without additional intervention, tooth extraction was accompanied by rapid loss of alveolar ridge width and height. Applications of SocketKAP(™) and ABBM were effective in reducing alveolar crestal width and height loss following tooth extraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570 749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570 749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570 749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570 749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570 749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim - Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almohaimeed
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Homayoun H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zadeh
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
keywords: alveolar ridge preservation; anorganic bovine bone minerals; bone substitute; extraction socket; tooth extraction