title: Mode of drinking fluoridated milk: effect on intraoral fluoride concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of the mode of drinking fluoridated milk on salivary and plaque fluoride concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoridated milk was ingested by 32 children in three ways: (a) directly from the container (1.0 and 5.0 mg F/litre), (b) through a straw with the tip between the lips (5.0 mg F/litre), and (c) with the tip deep in the oral cavity (5.0 mg F/litre). Saliva was collected at baseline and 2, 15, and 40 min and plaque at baseline and 20 min after drinking. Fluoride concentrations were determined using the electrode after HMDS-facilitated diffusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mode of drinking did not affect fluoride concentrations in saliva or plaque. The average 2-min salivary concentrations were 65 ng F/mL for the 1.0 mg F/litre group and 276 ng F/mL for the three 5.0 mg F/litre groups (P < 0.01). The average of the 15- and 40-min salivary concentrations was 22 ng F/mL for the 1.0 mg F/litre group and 41 ng F/mL for the 5.0 mg F/litre groups (P < 0.01). Plaque concentrations showed the same patterns as in saliva, that is, they were higher in the three 5.0 mg F/litre groups than in the 1.0 mg F/litre group and the differences among the 5.0 mg F/litre groups were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salivary and plaque fluoride concentrations were independent of the mode of drinking but directly related to milk fluoride concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. gwhitfor@gru.edu.
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Whitford
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Danielle V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Tara E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Looney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry*; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides