title: Effects of bleomycin and antioxidants on the fatty acid profile of testicular cancer cell membranes.
abstract: Bleomycin is used in chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of patients having testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT). There is no study in the literature investigating the effects of bleomycin on membrane lipid profile in testicular cancer cells. We investigated membrane fatty acid (FA) profiles isolated, derivatized and analyzed by gas chromatography of NTera-2 testicular cancer cells incubated with bleomycin (Bleo) for 24 h in the absence and presence of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and curcumin (Cur) as commonly used antioxidant adjuvants. At the same time the MAPK pathway and EGFR levels were followed up. Bleomycin treatment increased significantly saturated fatty acids (SFA) of phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bleomycin also led to a significant increase in the trans lipid isomers of oleic and arachidonic acids due to its free radical producing effect. Incubation with bleomycin increased the p38 MAPK and JNK levels and downregulated EGFR pathway. Coincubation of bleomycin with NAC reversed effects caused by bleomycin. Our results highlight the important role of membrane fatty acid remodeling occurring during the use of bleomycin and its concurrent use with antioxidants which can adjuvate the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy; Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cort
authors.affiliation: Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: ozben@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozben
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melchiorre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chatgilialoglu
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreri
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sansone
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D001761:Bleomycin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D003474:Curcumin; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Bleomycin; Curcumin; Membrane lipid profile; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; Testicular cancer cell