title: Trail Making Test performance contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults.
abstract: Introduction. The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors. Materials & Methods. Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N = 5,021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; Trail Making Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited an optometrist and wearing glasses were also considered. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine univariate and multivariate associations. Results and Discussion. Poor Trail Making Test performance (Odds ratio, OR = 1.36), visual acuity (OR = 1.72) and ocular pathology (OR = 2.25) were determinant factors for poor versus excellent vision in self-reports. Education, wealth, age, depressive symptoms and general cognitive fitness also contributed to determining self-reported vision. Conclusions. Trail Making Test contribution to self-reports may capture higher level visual processing and should be considered when using self-reports to assess vision and its role in cognitive and functional health.
authors.affiliation: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland ; School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setti
authors.affiliation: Optometry Department, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology , Dublin , Ireland ; African Vision Research Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Health, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban , South Africa.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loughman
authors.affiliation: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Savva
authors.affiliation: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland ; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.
authors.forename: RoseAnne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kenny
keywords: Ocular pathology; Self-report; Trail making test; Visual acuity; Visual search