title: The global gene expression profile of the secondary transition during pancreatic development.
abstract: Pancreas organogenesis is a highly dynamic process where neighboring tissue interactions lead to dynamic changes in gene regulatory networks that orchestrate endocrine, exocrine, and ductal lineage formation. To understand the spatio-temporal regulatory logic we have used the Forkhead transcription factor Foxa2-Venus fusion (FVF) knock-in reporter mouse to separate the FVF(+) pancreatic epithelium from the FVF(−) surrounding tissue (mesenchyme, neurons, blood, and blood vessels) to perform a genome-wide mRNA expression profiling at embryonic days (E) 12.5-15.5. Annotating genes and molecular processes suggest that FVF marks endoderm-derived multipotent epithelial progenitors at several lineage restriction steps, when the bulk of endocrine, exocrine and ductal cells are formed during the secondary transition. In the pancreatic epithelial compartment, we identified most known endocrine and exocrine lineage determining factors and diabetes-associated genes, but also unknown genes with spatio-temporal regulated pancreatic expression. In the non-endoderm-derived compartment, we identified many well-described regulatory genes that are not yet functionally annotated in pancreas development, emphasizing that neighboring tissue interactions are still ill defined. Pancreatic expression of over 635 genes was analyzed with them RNA in situ hybridization Genepaint public database. This validated the quality of the profiling data set and identified hundreds of genes with spatially restricted expression patterns in the pancreas. Some of these genes are also targeted by pancreatic transcription factors and show active chromatin marks in human islets of Langerhans. Thus, with the highest spatio-temporal resolution of a global gene expression profile during the secondary transition, our study enables to shed light on neighboring tissue interactions, developmental timing and diabetes gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Willmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikola S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engert
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sterr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Burtscher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raducanu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irmler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sass
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Theis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany. Electronic address: heiko.lickert@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lickert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004707:Endoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D063990:Gene Ontology; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D038081:Organogenesis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C496503:Foxa2 protein, mouse; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta
keywords: Ductal; Endocrine; Exocrine; Foxa2; Organogenesis; Pancreas