title: Dynamic leaching and fractionation of trace elements from environmental solids exploiting a novel circulating-flow platform.
abstract: A dynamic flow-through microcolumn extraction system based on extractant re-circulation is herein proposed as a novel analytical approach for simplification of bioaccessibility tests of trace elements in sediments. On-line metal leaching is undertaken in the format of all injection (AI) analysis, which is a sequel of flow injection analysis, but involving extraction under steady-state conditions. The minimum circulation times and flow rates required to determine the maximum bioaccessible pools of target metals (viz., Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) from lake and river sediment samples were estimated using Tessier's sequential extraction scheme and an acid single extraction test. The on-line AIA method was successfully validated by mass balance studies of CRM and real sediment samples. Tessier's test in on-line AI format demonstrated to be carried out by one third of extraction time (6h against more than 17 h by the conventional method), with better analytical precision (<9.2% against >15% by the conventional method) and significant decrease in blank readouts as compared with the manual batch counterpart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan. Electronic address: mori@gunma-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okawara
authors.affiliation: FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itabashi
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Bio-accessibility; Leaching test; Sediment; Sequential extraction; Trace element