title: Effect of apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin and naringenin on tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we have investigated the effects of apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin and naringenin, on mouse melanoma B16F10 cell proliferation. Influence of these natural products on percentage cell distribution in cycle phases and melanogenesis was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was determined at various periods using the MTT assay, whereas effects of tested compounds on progression through the cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, amounts of melanin and tyrosinase were measured spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. Besides, the mechanism involved on the death route induced by the tested molecules was evaluated using the bis-benzimide trihydrochloride coloration method (Hoechst 33258).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin and naringenin exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against B16F10 melanoma cells after 24 and 48 h of incubation. Furthermore, apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin and naringenin provoked an increase of subG0/G1, S and G2/M phase cell proportion with a significant decrease of cell proportion in G0/G1 phases. The results evaluated using Hoechst 33,258, confirm that the percentage of B16F10 cells observed in the sub G0/G1 phase were undergoing apoptosis. Moreover, apigenin-7-glucoside and naringenin revealed an ability to enhance melanogenesis synthesis and tyrosinase activity of B16F10 melanoma cells. Whereas genkwanin induces a decrease of melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results promote the introduction of genkwanin in cosmetic preparations, as skin whitening agent, whereas apigenin-7-glucoside and naringenin should be introduced into cosmetic products as natural tanning agents.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nouha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nasr Bouzaiene
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Fadwa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaabane
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Aicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia. Electronic address: leila.chekir@laposte.net.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chekir-Ghedira
authors.affiliation: Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghedira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044950:Flavanones; D047309:Flavones; D008543:Melanins; C014568:genkwanin; C057792:apigetrin; D047310:Apigenin; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; C005273:naringenin; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole
keywords: Apoptotic effect; B16F10 melanoma cells; Flavonoids; Melanin synthesis; Tyrosinase activity