title: Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Raw Cow's Milk Remains Infectious After Pasteurization.
abstract: This study describes the prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in raw cow's milk and evaluates the effect of different milk pasteurization treatments on E. cuniculi infectivity for severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction approach, 1 of 50 milking cows was found to repeatedly shed E. cuniculi in its feces and milk. Under experimental conditions, E. cuniculi spores in milk remained infective for SCID mice following pasteurization treatments at 72 °C for 15 s or 85 °C for 5 s. Based on these findings, pasteurized cow's milk should be considered a potential source of E. cuniculi infection in humans.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Parasitology , Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic .|2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice , České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kváč
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice , České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Vendula
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tomanová
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice , České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samková
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice , České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koubová
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Parasitology , Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic .|2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice , České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotková
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Parasitology , Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hlásková
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Parasitology , Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic .
authors.forename: Bohumil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D009670:Encephalitozoon cuniculi / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008892:Milk / Q000469:parasitology*; D061352:Pasteurization / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*