title: High prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia: a nationwide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity, and laboratory data for nutritional status in Japanese outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire conducted in inpatient and outpatient facilities in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population of adult patients with schizophrenia in Japan (N=23,116).
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted a large-scale investigation of the prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in 520 outpatient facilities and 247 inpatient facilities belonging to the Japan Psychiatric Hospitals Association between January 2012 and July 2013. There were 7655 outpatients and 15,461 inpatients with schizophrenia. There was a significant difference in the distribution of three body mass index levels between outpatients and inpatients (p<0.001). The proportion of underweight inpatients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than that among outpatients (p<0.001). Age-specific analysis revealed that the proportion of underweight individuals aged ≥ 40 years was higher in inpatients than in outpatients and in the general Japanese population. The proportion of individuals with hypocholesterolaemia was significantly higher in inpatients with schizophrenia than in outpatients (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the severity of underweight between outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia; the proportion of severe underweight in inpatients was twofold higher than in outpatients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of underweight and undernutrition in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia was higher than in outpatients and the general population. Therefore, the physical risk of inpatients should be carefully considered in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Japan Psychiatric Hospital Association, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Japan Psychiatric Hospital Association, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.affiliation: Japan Psychiatric Hospital Association, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.affiliation: Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui-Furukori
authors.affiliation: Japan Psychiatric Hospital Association, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Japan Psychiatric Hospital Association, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kurefu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Department of Health and Nutrition, Yamagata Prefectural Yonezawa University of Nutrition Sciences, Yonezawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sagae
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Someya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: MENTAL HEALTH