title: Classic Spotlight: Before They Were Biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA georgeo@Dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: O'Toole
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001432:Bacteriology / Q000266:history*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D049673:History, 20th Century