title: APA-style human milk fat analogue from silkworm pupae oil: Enzymatic production and improving storage stability using alkyl caffeates.
abstract: Silkworm pupae oil derived from reeling waste is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), which has multipal applications. ALAs were added in sn-1, 3 positions in a triacylglycerol (TAG) to produce an APA-human milk fat analogues (APA-HMFAs, A: α-linolenic acid, P: palmitic acid). The optimum condition is that tripalmitin to free fatty acids of 1:12 (mole ratio) at 65 °C for 48 h using lipase Lipozyme RM IM. Results show that, the major TAG species that comprised APA-HMFAs were rich in ALA and palmitic acid, which contained 64.52% total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and 97.05% PA at the sn-2 position. The melting point of APA was -27.5 °C which is much lower than tripalmitin (40.5 °C) indicating more plastic character. In addition, the practical application of alkyl caffeates as liposoluble antioxidants in APA was developed. Alkyl caffeate showed a superior IC50 (1.25-1.66 μg/mL) compared to butyl hydroxy anisd (1.67 μg/mL) and L-ascorbic acid-6-palmitate (L-AP) (1.87 μg/mL) in DPPH analysis. The addition of ethyl caffeate to oil achieved a higher UFAs content (73.58%) at high temperatures. Overall, APA was obtained from silkworm pupae oil successfully, and the addition of caffeates extended storage ranges for APA-HMFAs.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Fangqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.|Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Fuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.|Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, P R China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D012831:Bombyx / Q000737:chemistry*; D004951:Esterification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011679:Pupa / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D009821:Oils; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid