title: The conceptualisation of forgiveness among Turkish children and adolescents.
abstract: This study examined (a) how Turkish children and adolescents define forgiveness, (b) the association between self-reported forgiveness and the concepts participants hold and (c) the association between self-reported forgiveness and age. Three hundred and sixty-seven Turkish children in primary (N = 220) and secondary schools (N = 147) were involved in the study. Participants were asked to define forgiveness, and the study used the Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Children (EFI-C). Participants' conceptions of forgiveness were categorised into four groups: conditional forgiveness, reconciliation, ignoring the hurtful event and affective reactions. Half of all the participants in the study were found to be in the conditional forgiveness category. Turkish children were found to be mostly in the category of conditional forgiveness, reconciliation and affective reactions compared with adolescents. Adolescents were mainly found to be in the ignoring the hurtful event category. The highest self-reported forgiveness mean was in the affective reactions category. Participants were commonly offended by friends, siblings, teachers and fathers. No correlation was found between self-reported forgiveness and age. The present results expand the literature of forgiveness by presenting evidence that Turkish children's and adolescents' understanding of forgiveness moderately relates to theoretical definitions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taysi
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orcan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D061347:Forgiveness / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Adolescent; Children; Conceptualisation of forgiveness; Reconciliation; Self-reported forgiveness