title: Brief Morning Light Exposure, Visuomotor Performance, and Biochemistry in Sport Shooters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Demands on concentrative and cognitive performance are high in sport shooting and vary in a circadian pattern, aroused by internal and external stimuli. The most prominent external stimulus is light. Bright light (BL) has been shown to have a certain impact on cognitive and physical performance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of a single half hour of BL exposure in the morning hours on physical and cognitive performance in 15 sport shooters. In addition, courses of sulfateoxymelatonin (aMT6s), tryptophan (TRP), and kynurenine (KYN) were monitored.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a crossover design, 15 sport shooters were exposed to 30 min of BL and dim light (DL) in the early-morning hours. Shooting performance, balance, visuomotor performance, and courses of aMT6s, TRP, and KYN were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shooting performance was 365.4 (349.7-381.0) and 368.5 (353.9-383.1), identical in both light setups. Numbers of right reactions (sustained attention) and deviations from the horizontal plane (balance-related measure) were higher after BL. TRP concentrations decreased from 77.5 (73.5-81.4) to 66.9 (60.7-67.0) in the DL setup only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2 light conditions generated heterogeneous visuomotor and physiological effects in sport shooters. The authors therefore suggest that a single half hour of BL exposure is effective in improving cognitive aspects of performance, but not physical performance. Further research is needed to evaluate BL's impact on biochemical parameters.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leichtfried
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hanser
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Griesmacher
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canazei
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schobersberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000528:radiation effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014364:Tryptophan
keywords: bright light; circadian; cognitive performance; sports performance; tryptophan