title: HPV and Anal Cancer Knowledge among HIV-Infected and Non-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of what men who have sex with men (MSM) know about anal cancer in terms of self-care behaviors/practices, human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, risk awareness, anal cancer screening history, the need to be screened, and how demographic or behavioral practices were associated with knowledge and awareness.
  
  
  
  A convenience sampling method was employed. Participants were recruited in 2014-2015 in venues such as Pride Center events as well as in bars, restaurants, and cafes that cater to a gay clientele. Participants' knowledge of HPV and anal cancer were examined using the Anal Cancer Knowledge Questionnaire (ACKQ). The 65-item survey consisted of demographic variables, questions related to anal health behaviors, practices, and perceptions, HPV and anal cancer knowledge, and HPV and anal cancer risk awareness.
  
  
  
  The sample consisted of 163 men. The mean age of the participants was 49.6 years. The majorities were white (62.6%), followed by Hispanic (26.4%) and Black (8.0%). Study participants were, to a great extent, uninformed and largely unaware of the link between HPV and anal cancer and the risk that HPV and anal cancer presented to MSM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that HPV knowledge, P < .001, and risk awareness, P < .001, differed by HIV status.
  
  
  
  In spite of efforts in recent years to raise HPV and anal cancer awareness, those groups most at risk appear to remain uncertain of risk, screening, and measures to protect themselves from the adverse implications of HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: 1 Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fenkl
authors.affiliation: 1 Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Sandra Gracia
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: 2 Colorectal Surgery , Holy Cross Medical Group, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schochet
authors.affiliation: 3 School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
keywords: HIV; anal cancer; human papillomavirus (HPV); knowledge; men who have sex with men (MSM); screening.