title: Prognostic Role of Immune Cells in Hepatitis B-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Surgical Resection Depends on Their Localization and Tumor Size.
abstract: This study aims to evaluate localized expression of CD4, interleukin (IL)-17, Foxp3, and CD8 in hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) and to explore their potential effects on outcome following surgical resection. This prospective study includes 66 HBV-HCC surgical resection patients enrolled from 2008 to 2013. CD4, IL-17, Foxp3, and CD8 mRNA in 4 regions of the resection specimens (center of the tumor, periphery of the tumor, non-neoplastic liver bordering tumor, non-neoplastic liver distant from tumor) was quantitated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The tumoral regions had lower CD4 and CD8 expression as compared with paired non-neoplastic regions, whereas the expression of IL-17 and Foxp3 did not differ. High Foxp3 in all regions except non-neoplastic liver distant from tumor was associated with poor overall survival, whereas low CD8 expression in distant non-neoplastic liver may be associated with high HCC recurrence rate. Although the expression of almost all molecules did not differ between small (≤3 cm) and large HCC (>3 cm), high IL-17 in periphery of tumor, high CD8 in center of tumor, or low CD8 in distant non-neoplastic liver was associated with high HCC recurrence rate in patients with small HCC, but not in those with large HCC. The effect of immune cells on HCC progression therefore depends on the expression level, localization, and tumor size, and an imbalance toward regulatory T cells is associated with poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology Departments of †Pathology ‡Preventive Medicine, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: M Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fiel
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Hena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadri
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mandeli
authors.forename: Spiros P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hiotis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015415:Biomarkers; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012333:RNA, Messenger