title: Unusual continuous intra-abdominal spread of primary testicular lymphoma along the spermatic cord and gonadal vessels: Report of 2 cases.
abstract: Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is an uncommon neoplasm (<5% of all testicular tumors). Testicular lymphoma presents with homogeneous mass, hyperintense on T1-weighted images, and iso-to-hypointense on T2-weighted images with strong diffusion restriction and homogeneous contrast enhancement. Seminoma testis, a close differential due to T2 hypointensity and homogeneousity, can be differentiated by its lower diffusion restriction and younger age group. Involvement of spermatic cord and epididymis is rare with seminoma. Intra-abdominal extension along the gonadal vein is not reported. PTL disseminates to extranodal sites. However, extension of PTL along the spermatic cord and gonadal vein up to the inferior vena cava is a rare phenomenon. We report 2 cases of PTL with involvement of epididymis and spermatic cord and further continuous extension along the gonadal vein up to the inferior vena cava. These findings are very rare and when present may help to differentiate testicular lymphoma from other testicular tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Imageology, Regional Cancer Centre, Room No 26 PACS, Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabale
authors.affiliation: Division of Imageology, Regional Cancer Centre, Room No 26 PACS, Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prahladan
authors.affiliation: Division of Imageology, Regional Cancer Centre, Room No 26 PACS, Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
authors.forename: Kalirajan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalidos
authors.affiliation: Division of Imageology, Regional Cancer Centre, Room No 26 PACS, Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
authors.forename: Sumod Mathew
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.affiliation: Division of Imageology, Regional Cancer Centre, Room No 26 PACS, Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
authors.forename: Krishnankutty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
keywords: Intra-abdominal extension; Primary testicular lymphoma