title: Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes.
abstract: P-Synephrine is a protoalkaloid widely used as an ergogenic aid in sports. This substance has been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency monitoring program, although scientific information about its effects on performance and athletes' well-being is scarce. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of p-synephrine to increase performance in sprint athletes. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 13 experienced sprinters performed 2 acute experimental trials after the ingestion of p-synephrine (3 mg·kg(-1)) or after the ingestion of a placebo (control trial). Forty-five minutes after the ingestion of the substances, the sprinters performed a squat jump, a countermovement jump, a 15-s repeated jump test, and subsequently performed 60-m and 100-m simulated sprint competitions. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess side-effect prevalence. In comparison with the control trial, the ingestion of p-synephrine did not change countermovement jump height (37.4 ± 4.2 vs 36.7 ± 3.3 cm, respectively; P = 0.52), squat jump height (34.4 ± 3.6 vs 33.9 ± 3.7 cm; P = 0.34), or average 15-s repeated jumps height (31.8 ± 4.1 vs 32.2 ± 3.6 cm; P = 0.18). P-Synephrine did not modify maximal running speed during the 60-m (9.0 ± 0.5 vs 9.0 ± 0.4 m·s(-1), respectively; P = 0.55) and 100-m sprint competitions (8.8 ± 0.5 vs 8.8 ± 0.5 m·s(-1), respectively; P = 0.92). The ingestion of p-synephrine did not alter the prevalence of headache, gastrointestinal discomforts, muscle pain, or insomnia during the hours following the tests. Acute consumption of 3 mg·kg(-1) of p-synephrine was ineffective to increase performance in competitive sprint athletes. Moreover, p-synephrine did not increase the occurrence of side effects after the competition.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Hellín
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Salinero
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abían-Vicen
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Areces
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Institute, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Coso
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000652:urine; D059385:Plyometric Exercise; D012420:Running; D013578:Synephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008333:Mandelic Acids; C014600:4-hydroxymandelic acid; D013578:Synephrine
keywords: Citrus aurantium; bitter orange; dopage; doping; exercice physique; exercise; nutrition; orange amère; performance; safety; sports; sécurité