title: Vestibular thalamus: Two distinct graviceptive pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there are distinct thalamic regions statistically associated with either contraversive or ipsiversive disturbance of verticality perception measured by subjective visual vertical (SVV).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used modern statistical lesion behavior mapping on a sample of 37 stroke patients with isolated thalamic lesions to clarify which thalamic regions are involved in graviceptive otolith processing and whether there are distinct regions associated with contraversive or ipsiversive SVV deviation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 2 distinct systems of graviceptive processing within the thalamus. Contraversive tilt of SVV was associated with lesions to the nuclei dorsomedialis, intralamellaris, centrales thalami, posterior thalami, ventrooralis internus, ventrointermedii, ventrocaudales and superior parts of the nuclei parafascicularis thalami. The regions associated with ipsiversive tilt of SVV were located in more inferior regions, involving structures such as the nuclei endymalis thalami, inferior parts of the nuclei parafascicularis thalami, and also small parts of the junction zone of the nuclei ruber tegmenti and brachium conjunctivum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that there are 2 anatomically distinct graviceptive signal processing mechanisms within the vestibular network in humans that lead, when damaged, to a vestibular tone imbalance either to the contraversive or to the ipsiversive side.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany. baierb@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilting
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Wibke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Müller-Forell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (B.B., T.V., J.W.) and the Institute of Neuroradiology (W.M.-F.), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz; Edith-Stein Fachklinik (B.B.), Bad Bergzabern; the Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-IFB (J.C., T.S., V.K., M.D.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; and Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.), Germany.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieterich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000503:physiopathology*