title: Sequestrectomy Versus Conventional Microdiscectomy for the Treatment of a Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review.
abstract: METHODS
  A systematic review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sequestrectomy versus conventional microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Open surgery for LDH can be performed by sequestrectomy (removal of disc fragments) or conventional discectomy (removal of disc fragments and disc). Sequestrectomy might be associated with a higher risk of recurrence but less low back pain (LBP) after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1980 to November 2014. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized prospective studies of conventional discectomy versus sequestrectomy for adult patients with LDH that evaluated the following primary outcomes: radicular pain or LBP as measured by a visual analog scale, or neurological deficits of the lower extremity. We also evaluated the following secondary outcomes: complications of surgery, reherniation rate, duration of hospital stay, postoperative analgesic use, and health-related quality-of-life measures. Two authors independently reviewed citations and articles for inclusion. We assessed the risk of bias, synthesized data, and the level evidence using standard methodological procedures as recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 5 studies (746 participants) of sequestrectomy versus microdiscectomy. One study was RCT and the other 4 were nonrandomized prospective comparisons; all studies were assessed as being at a high risk of bias. There were no significant differences for leg pain, LBP, functional outcomes, complications, and hospital stay or recurrence rate for 2 years (level of evidence: Low). Sequestrectomy was associated with less analgesic consumption versus discectomy (level of evidence: Very low).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequestrectomy and standard microdiscectomy were associated with similar effects on pain after surgery, recurrence rate, functional outcome, and complications; more evidence is needed to determine whether sequestrectomy is associated with less postoperative analgesic consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran †Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon ‡Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran §Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ¶Rothman Institute at Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ||Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azarhomayoun
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Saeedeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirdel
authors.forename: Maziar Moradi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lakeh
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Vafa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Movaghar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult