title: In vitro effects of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone major metabolites alone and combined, on cell proliferation, steroid production and gene expression in bovine small-follicle granulosa cells.
abstract: The effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) on reproduction in ruminants are unclear. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of DON and ZEA hydroxylated metabolites, α-zearalenol (α-Zol) and β-zearalenone (β-Zol), on cell proliferation, steroidogenesis and gene expression using bovine granulosa cells (GC). Cell proliferation was negatively affected after exposure to β-Zol at 31 μM and after exposure to α-Zol (3.1 μM) alone and combined with DON (3.3 μM). DON and α-Zol decreased steroidogenesis, while β-Zol at high concentration had stimulatory effects. DON and β-Zol increased CYP19A1 mRNA abundance. CYP11A1 mRNA abundance was stimulated by DON, alone and combined with α-Zol and β-Zol, whereas was inhibited by β-Zol alone. Generally mycotoxins effects on cell proliferation, steroidogenesis and gene expression were influenced by the presence or absence of IGF1. In conclusion DON and ZEA metabolites may impair in vitro cell proliferation, steroid production and gene expression in cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.caloni@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caloni
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortinovis
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Leon J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Spicer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D013256:Steroids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: CYP11A1; CYP19A1; Cattle; Estradiol; Fusarium mycotoxins; Progesterone