title: The Effect of Two Soft Drinks on Bracket Bond Strength and on Intact and Sealed Enamel: An In Vitro Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two soft drinks, Coca-Cola and Mirinda orange on bracket bond strength, on adhesive remnant on teeth after debonding the bracket, and to observe by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) the effect of these drinks on intact and sealed enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 non-carious maxillary premolar teeth already extracted for Orthodontic purposes were taken and divided into three groups, i.e., Coca-Cola drink, Mirinda orange, and control (artificial saliva) group. Brackets were bonded using conventional methods. Teeth were kept in soft drinks for 15 days, for 15 min, 3 times a day, separated by intervals of 2 h. At other times, they were kept in artificial saliva. The samples, thus obtained were evaluated for shear bond strength using the universal testing machine and subsequently subjected for adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. SEM study on all the three groups was done for evaluating enamel surface of the intact and sealed enamel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest mean resistance to shearing forces was shown by Mirinda orange group (5.30 ± 2.74 Mpa) followed by Coca-Cola group (6.24 ± 1.59 Mpa) and highest resistance to shearing forces by control group (7.33 ± 1.72 Mpa). The ARI scores revealed a cohesive failure in control samples and an adhesive failure in Mirinda and cola samples. SEM results showed areas of defect due to erosion caused by acidic soft drinks on intact and sealed enamel surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mirinda group showed the lowest resistance to shearing forces, followed by Coca-Cola group and with the highest resistance to shearing forces by the control group. There were significant differences between the control group and the study groups. Areas of defects, which were caused by erosion related to acidic soft drinks on the enamel surface around the adhesive, were seen. Areas of defects caused by Coca-Cola were more extensive when compared to Mirinda orange drink.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sindhu
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rabindra S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mamatha
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chaitra
authors.affiliation: Post-graduate Student, Department of Department of Orthodontics, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vishwakarma
keywords: Bond strength; scanning electron microscope; soft drinks