title: Mismatch repair deficiency concordance between primary colorectal cancer and corresponding metastasis.
abstract: Universal screening for mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in cancer is increasingly being implemented to detect Lynch syndrome and aid in treatment decisions. The mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) concordance rate between primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis is unknown. At times, only metastatic tumor is available for screening (lymph node, liver, lung etc.) rather than the primary tumor. Therefore, it is important to confirm that tissue from metastases can be used for screening for dMMR. We tested dMMR primary and metastatic tumor to assess concordance between the two. We identified dMMR CRC resected at Ohio State University from 1999 to 2013 and stained a corresponding metastasis for all four MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) with IHC. A total of 50 primary CRC with dMMR and available regional lymph nodes (LN; 26 cases) or other metastatic tissue (24 cases) were identified. Thirteen cases were explained by MLH1 hypermethylation and 10 cases had Lynch syndrome. Two cases had somatic MMR mutations and the etiology for dMMR was unknown in 25 cases. All cases showed concordance in IHC staining between the primary tumor and corresponding metastatic tissue. In 36 cases, metastatic LN/other site was resected at the same time as the primary tumor. In 14 cases, time lapsed [median 16.5 months; quartile (Q)1 8.0; Q3 25; range 3-69] from the primary resection until metastatic resection. Metastatic tissue can be used to screen for Lynch syndrome and dMMR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sigurdis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraldsdottir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. Wendy.frankel@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000235:genetics; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C094443:G-T mismatch-binding protein; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; C094934:PMS2 protein, human; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Concordance; Deficient mismatch repair system; Immunohistochemistry; Lynch syndrome; Metastatic cancer