title: Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Hemodynamic Support in the USA: A 5 Year Experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the utilization and outcomes in patients who had percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) performed with intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) versus percutaneous ventricular assist devices (PVADs) such as Impella and TandemHeart and identify a sub-group of patient population who may derive the most benefit from the use of PVADs over IABP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite the lack of clear benefit, the use of PVADs has increased substantially in the last decade when compared to IABP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross sectional study including using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Procedures performed with hemodynamic support were identified through appropriate ICD-9-CM codes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 18,094 PCIs performed with hemodynamic support. IABP was the most commonly utilized hemodynamic support device (93%, n = 16, 803) whereas 6% (n = 1069) were performed with PVADs and 1% (n = 222) utilized both IABP and PVAD. Patients in the PVAD group were older in age and had greater burden of co-morbidities whereas IABP group had higher percentage of patients with cardiac arrest. On multivariable analysis, the use of PVAD was a significant predictor of reduced mortality (OR 0.55, 0.36-0.83, P = 0.004). This was particularly evident in sub-group of patients without acute MI or cardiogenic shock. The propensity score matched analysis also showed a significantly lower mortality (9.9% vs 15.1%; OR 0.62, 0.55-0.71, P < 0.001) rate associated with PVADs when compared to IABP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This largest and the most contemporary study on the use of hemodynamic support demonstrates significantly reduced mortality with PVADs when compared to IABP in patients undergoing PCI. The results are largely driven by the improved outcomes in non-AMI and non-cardiogenic shock patients.
authors.affiliation: Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York.
authors.forename: Nileshkumar J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Western Reserve Health Education, Youngstown, Ohio.
authors.forename: Samir V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savani
authors.affiliation: Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Nilay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Sidakpal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panaich
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Shilpkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Mauricio G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grines
authors.affiliation: The Everett Clinic, Everett, Washington.
authors.forename: Apurva O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Badheka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult