title: Reference Range of Platelet Delta Granules in the Pediatric Age Group: An Ultrastructural Study of Platelet Whole Mount Preparations from Healthy Volunteers.
abstract: This study sought to determine delta granule normal ranges for children and to validate methodology for the appropriate diagnosis of delta granule deficiency (storage pool disease) by using the whole-mount technique in electron microscopy. Specimens obtained from 40 healthy volunteers (2 months of age through 21 years old, 21 females and 19 males) were tested. Results showed dense granules/platelet (DG/Plt) ranged from 1.78 to 5.25. The 5th percentile was 1.96 DG/Plt with an overall mean ± SEM 3.07 ± 0.12 DG/Plt. In comparison, a previously published lower cutoff value, 3.68 DG/Plt, was significantly higher than the mean from our volunteers (P < 0.0001). We found no variability in dense granules/platelet based on race or sex and no significant variation by age subgroup. Pending wider studies, the value of 2 DG/Plt is a more appropriate lower limit of normal. In the absence of wider studies (in healthy volunteers and patients), laboratories should consider establishing their own reference ranges.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Razan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alkhoury
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Sura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Rawabdeh
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.|4 Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Bryce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kerlin
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.|4 Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesel
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Minhaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.|5 Department of Biostatistics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahwash
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: delta granule deficiency; electron microscopy; platelet disorder; reference ranges