title: Volatile organic compounds in plasma for the diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A noninvasive screening test that can detect esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) at an earlier stage could improve the prognosis associated with EAC. The role of plasma volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the diagnosis of EAC has not been previously studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples were collected from subjects with EAC and GERD before endoscopy. Twenty-two preselected VOCs were analyzed with selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The headspaces from 39 plasma samples (20 EAC, 19 GERD) were analyzed. The levels of 9 VOCs (acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, isoprene, 1-heptene, 3-methylhexane, [E]-2-nonene, hydrogen sulfide, and triethylamine) were significantly altered in EAC patients compared with GERD patients. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to build a model for the prediction of EAC. The model identified patients with EAC with an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma VOCs may be useful in diagnosing EAC. Larger studies are needed to confirm our pilot study observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mansour A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabbard
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Arthi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumaravel
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Sunguk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.affiliation: Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Sudish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vargo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Raed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dweik
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000097:blood; D000181:Acrylonitrile / Q000097:blood; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002070:Butadienes / Q000097:blood; D002246:Carbon Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005021:Ethylamines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D045782:Hemiterpenes / Q000097:blood; D006586:Hexanes / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010420:Pentanes / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D002070:Butadienes; D005021:Ethylamines; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D006586:Hexanes; D010420:Pentanes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C005059:isoprene; C000604282:3-methylhexane; D000181:Acrylonitrile; D002246:Carbon Disulfide; C016162:triethylamine; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide; C032159:acetonitrile