title: Evaluation of masticatory parameters in overweight and obese children.
abstract: Mastication is an essential function that prepares the food for swallowing and digestion and may be related to nutritional status. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the masticatory parameters in overweight and obese children and the relation between bite force and anthropometric evaluation, food consistency, breast/bottle-feeding, and occlusion.
  
  
  
  The sample consisted of 204 children of both genders, age range 8-10 years, divided into normal weight, overweight, and obese. Unilateral bite force was measured using a digital gnatodynamometer with 10mm force fork. Anthropometric and nutritional evaluation involved the measurements of body mass index and skeletal muscle mass using bioelectric impedance analysis. Occlusion was evaluated as regards orthodontic treatment need and food consistency was analysed using a structured questionnaire. In addition, the time of breast- and bottle-feeding was investigated. The results were submitted to chi-square and correlation tests, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression to determine the relation between bite force and the independent variables under study (α = 0.05).
  
  
  
  Statistical analysis showed that the time of breast- and bottle-feeding and food consistency did not differ among groups. The regression model showed that body mass index, orthodontic treatment need, and body skeletal muscle mass contributed significantly to the variation in bite force.
  
  
  
  Breast- and bottle-feeding behaviour and food consistency did not differ in normal-weight, overweight, and obese children. However, bite force was dependent on body skeletal muscle mass, body mass index, and orthodontic treatment need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil and.
authors.forename: Darlle Santos
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil and.
authors.forename: Maria Carolina Salomé
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marquezin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil and.
authors.forename: Taís de Souza
authors.initials: Tde S
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil and.
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz Duarte
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gavião
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil pcastelo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Paula Midori
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Castelo
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001732:Bite Force; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*