title: Oxidative stress and inflamatory plasma biomarkers in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (i) We determined whether acute bronchiolitis (AB) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced OS; (ii) assessed whether OS biomarkers correlated with the severity of RSV-AB; and (iii) studied whether the levels of interleukins are associated with OS biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an observational study by comparing healthy infants (Group 1) with RSV-AB infants, classified as Group 2 (pulse oximetry (SpO2) >93%), and Group 3 (SpO2≤ 92%), which needed oxygen therapy. Blood samples were collected to determine the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products (LPO), total glutathione (TG), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), interleukins (ILs) IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFNγ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP α and MIP β).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six RSV-AB infants (47% needed oxygen therapy) and 27 healthy infants were included. The GSH/GSSG ratio was lower in RSV-AB infants than in Group 1 (P<0.001). GSSG and GPx were significantly higher in Group 3. GSSG predicted the need for oxygen therapy with an optimal cut-off point of 15 µM/g for haemoglobin. The GSH/GSSG ratio negatively correlated with IL-6 (P: 0.014), IL-8 (P: 0.014) and IL-10 (P: 0.033). Group 3 exhibited a direct correlation between GPx and IL-10 levels (P: 0.024) and between LPO and MIP β (P: 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RSV induced OS in AB. An increase in GSSG correlated with the disease severity in the infants. OS may contribute to the pathogenesis of RSV-AB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moreno-Solís
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dela Torre-Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres-Borrego
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Jesus
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Llorente-Cantarero
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Spain.|Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gil-Campos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Túnez-Fiñana
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Spain.|Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navero
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Interleukins; bronchiolitis; oxidative stress; respiratory syncytial virus