title: Synthesis, bioactivity and zeta potential investigations of chlorine and fluorine substituted hydroxyapatite.
abstract: Chlorine and fluorine substituted hydroxyapatites (HA-Cl-F) with different degrees of ion replacement were successfully prepared by the one step mechanochemical activation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectra indicated that substitution of these anions in milled powders resulted in the formation of pure hydroxyapatite phase except for the small observed change in the lattice parameters and unit cell volumes of the resultant hydroxyapatite. Microscopic observations showed that the milled product had a cluster-like structure made up of polygonal and spherical particles with an average particle size of approximately ranged from 20±5 to 70±5nm. The zeta potential of milled samples was performed at three different pH (5, 7.4, and 9). The obtained zeta potential values were negative for all three pH values. Negative zeta potential was described to favor osseointegration, apatite nucleation, and bone regeneration. The bioactivity of samples was investigated on sintered pellets soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and apatite crystals formed on the surface of the pellets after being incubated for 14days. Zeta potential analysis and bioactivity experiment suggested that HA-Cl-F will lead to the formation of new apatite particles and therefore be a potential implant material.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA. Electronic address: fahami@txstate.edu.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.affiliation: Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Betancourt
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
chemical_list: D005461:Fluorine; D002713:Chlorine; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Bioactivity; Chlorine; Fluorine; Hydroxyapatite; Simulated body fluid (SBF); Zeta potential