title: Biocompatible, Biodegradable, and Electroactive Polyurethane-Urea Elastomers with Tunable Hydrophilicity for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering.
abstract: It remains a challenge to develop electroactive and elastic biomaterials to mimic the elasticity of soft tissue and to regulate the cell behavior during tissue regeneration. We designed and synthesized a series of novel electroactive and biodegradable polyurethane-urea (PUU) copolymers with elastomeric property by combining the properties of polyurethanes and conducting polymers. The electroactive PUU copolymers were synthesized from amine capped aniline trimer (ACAT), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), polylactide, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The electroactivity of the PUU copolymers were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Elasticity and Young's modulus were tailored by the polylactide segment length and ACAT content. Hydrophilicity of the copolymer films was tuned by changing DMPA content and doping of the copolymer. Cytotoxicity of the PUU copolymers was evaluated by mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. The myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts on copolymer films was also studied by analyzing the morphology of myotubes and relative gene expression during myogenic differentiation. The chemical structure, thermal properties, surface morphology, and processability of the PUU copolymers were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and solubility testing, respectively. Those biodegradable electroactive elastic PUU copolymers are promising materials for repair of soft tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and nerve.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
authors.forename: Baolin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.|Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan , 1011 North University Ave., Room 2209, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.|Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
authors.forename: Peter X
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D020724:Elastomers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020724:Elastomers; D011140:Polyurethanes; C044690:polyetherurethane urea
keywords: aniline oligomer; biomimetic materials; elastomers; electroactivity; polyurethane; soft tissue regeneration