title: The Role of Central and Enteric Nervous Systems in the Control of the Retrograde Giant Contraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of the enteric (ENS) and central (CNS) nervous systems in the control of the retrograde giant contraction (RGC) associated with vomiting is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of myotomy or mesenteric nerve transection (MNT) on apomorphine-induced emesis were investigated in 18 chronically instrumented dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither surgery affected the RGC orad of the surgical site or the velocity of the RGC over the entire small intestine. Myotomy blocked the RGC for 17 ± 5 cm aborad of the myotomy, and the velocity of the RGC from 100 to 70 cm from the pylorus slowed (18.1 ± 3.0 to 9.0 ± 0.8 cm/sec) such that the RGC orad and aborad of the myotomy occurred simultaneously. After MNT, the RGC was unchanged up to 66 ± 6 cm from the pylorus, and the sequence of the RGC across the denervated intestine was unaltered. The velocity of the RGC from 100 to 70 cm from the pylorus increased from 12.8 ± 1.6 to 196 ± 116 cm/sec. After myotomy or MNT, the percent occurrence and magnitude of the RGC across the intestine 100 to 70 cm from the pylorus decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CNS activates the RGC 10 to 20 cm aborad of its innervation of the intestine and controls the RGC sequence. On the other hand, the ENS plays a role in initiation and generation of the RGC.
authors.affiliation: Dysphagia Animal Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lang
keywords: Central nervous system; Enteric nervous system; Vomiting