title: Betacellulin in Chronic Periodontitis Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Immunohistochemical Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The host immune response to bacterial dental plaque determines periodontal disease susceptibility by increasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The Epidermal Growth Factor family cytokines stimulate proliferation and keratinization of cells in dermis and oral epithelium. Epidermal Growth Factor family consists of Amphiregulin, Betacellulin, Epiregulin, Epigen, Heparin binding Epidermal Growth Factor like growth factor and transforming Growth Factor-alpha.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study aimed to investigate expression of Betacellulin in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and thereby assessing role of betacellulin in periodontal health and disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Present study comprised of 90 participants, age ranges from 18 to 60-year-old, for the period of March 2010 to May 2011. Participants were categorized into three groups based Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CA Loss). Group 1 consisted 30 individuals with clinically healthy periodontium, Group-2 consisted 30 individuals with GI>1, PD≥5 mm, and CA Loss>3 mm. Group-3 (Chronic Periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus) consisted 30 with GI >1, PD≥5 mm, and CA Loss>3 mm. Immunohistochemical localization and quantification of Betacellulin was done in gingival tissue samples from all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed expression of Betacellulin were higher in chronic periodontitis as compared to healthy. A positive correlation found in Betacellulin expression and Probing Depth in chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This footmark study impacts the role of Betacellulin in pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease which will help in exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies and immunological research activity in this field.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, MIDSR Dental College and Hospital , Latur, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Gauri M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ugale
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontics, PMNM Dental Collegeand Hospital , Bagalkot, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Nagaraj B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kalburgi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Rajarajeshwari Dental College , Bangalore, karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Shivaprasad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilichodmath
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital , Bagalkot, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Shivaraj B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Warad
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Anatomy, MIMSR Medical College , Latur, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Mahesh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ugale
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital , Bagalkot, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Arati C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Koregol
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, MIDSR Dental College , Latur, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Shobha C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bijjargi
keywords: Epidermal growth factor; Matrix metalloproteinase-9