title: Quantitative Analysis of Vocal Fold Vibration in Vocal Fold Paralysis With the Use of High-speed Digital Imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this work was to objectively elucidate the vibratory characteristics of vocal fold paralysis (VFP) using high-speed digital imaging (HSDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  HSDI was performed in 29 vocally healthy subjects (12 women and 17 men) and in 107 patients with VFP (40 women and 67 men). Then, the HSDI data were evaluated by visual-perceptual rating, single-line kymography, multiline kymography, laryngotopography, and glottal area waveform analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with VFP compared with vocally healthy subjects revealed more frequent incomplete glottal closure, greater asymmetry in amplitude, mucosal wave, frequency, and phase, as well as larger open quotient, smaller speed index, larger maximal and minimal glottal area, and smaller glottal area difference. Paralyzed vocal folds in VFP revealed reduced mucosal wave than nonparalyzed vocal folds in VFP or in intact vocal folds in vocally healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSDI was effective in documenting the characteristics of vocal fold vibrations in patients with VFP and in exploring the vibratory disturbance for estimating the severity of dysphonia.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 3-7-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Electronic address: drachilles23@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: The Department of Otolaryngology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, 4-22-1, Nakano, Nakano-Ku, Tokyo 164-8541, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokonishi
authors.affiliation: The Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 3-7-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: The Department of Communication Disorders, The Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757, Ataribetsucho-Kanazawa, Ishikari-Gun, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: The Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 3-7-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nito
authors.affiliation: The Department of Otolaryngology and Tracheo-esophagology, The National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Niro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005931:Glottis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007734:Kymography; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D010781:Photography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Glottal area waveform; High-speed digital imaging; Kymography; Laryngotopography; Vocal fold paralysis