title: Field study of nitrous oxide production with in situ aeration in a closed landfill site.
abstract: Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) has gained considerable attention as a contributor to global warming and depilation of stratospheric ozone layer. Landfill is one of the high emitters of greenhouse gas such as methane and N(2)O during the biodegradation of solid waste. Landfill aeration has been attracted increasing attention worldwide for fast, controlled and sustainable conversion of landfills into a biological stabilized condition, however landfill aeration impel N(2)O emission with ammonia removal. N(2)O originates from the biodegradation, or the combustion of nitrogen-containing solid waste during the microbial process of nitrification and denitrification. During these two processes, formation of N(2)O as a by-product from nitrification, or as an intermediate product of denitrification. In this study, air was injected into a closed landfill site and investigated the major N(2)O production factors and correlations established between them. The in-situ aeration experiment was carried out by three sets of gas collection pipes along with temperature probes were installed at three different distances of one, two and three meter away from the aeration point; named points A-C, respectively. Each set of pipes consisted of three different pipes at three different depths of 0.0, 0.75 and 1.5 m from the bottom of the cover soil. Landfill gases composition was monitored weekly and gas samples were collected for analysis of nitrous oxide concentrations. It was evaluated that temperatures within the range of 30-40°C with high oxygen content led to higher generation of nitrous oxide with high aeration rate. Lower O(2) content can infuse N(2)O production during nitrification and high O(2) inhibit denitrification which would affect N(2)O production. The findings provide insights concerning the production potentials of N(2)O in an aerated landfill that may help to minimize with appropriate control of the operational parameters and biological reactions of N turnover.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigation of nitrous oxide production potential during in situ aeration in an old landfill site revealed that increased temperatures and oxygen content inside the landfill site are potential factors for nitrous oxide production. Temperatures within the range of optimum nitrification process (30-40°C) induce nitrous oxide formation with high oxygen concentration as a by-product of nitrogen turnover. Decrease of oxygen content during nitrification leads increase of nitrous oxide production, while temperatures above 40°C with moderate and/or low oxygen content inhibit nitrous oxide generation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Mitali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.affiliation: b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimaoka
authors.affiliation: b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.affiliation: c School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiaoli
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008697:Methane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane; D010100:Oxygen