title: Statistical analysis of electromagnetic radiation measurements in the vicinity of indoor microcell GSM/UMTS base stations in Serbia.
abstract: To determine the level of radiofrequency radiation generated by base stations of Global System for Mobile Communications and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, extensive electromagnetic field strength measurements were carried out in the vicinity of 664 base station locations. These were classified into three categories: indoor, masts, and locations with installations on buildings. Although microcell base stations with antennas installed indoors typically emit less power than outdoor macrocell base stations, the fact that people can be found close to antennas requires exposure originating from these base stations to be carefully considered. Measurement results showed that maximum recorded value of electric field strength exceeded International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection reference levels at 7% of indoor base station locations. At the same time, this percentage was much lower in the case of masts and installations on buildings (0% and 2.5%, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunications, Radiocommunications Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koprivica
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunications, Radiocommunications Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Majda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrić
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunications, Radiocommunications Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nataša
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nešković
authors.affiliation: Department of Telecommunications, Radiocommunications Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nešković
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone / Q000295:instrumentation*; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055771:Serbia
keywords: electromagnetic fields; non-ionizing radiation; population exposures; radiation protection standards