title: Anti-nociceptive activity of a few structurally related trimethoxy flavones and possible mechanisms involved.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive activity of a few structurally related trimethoxy flavones (7,2',3'-TMF, 7,2',4'-TMF, 7,3',4'-TMF and 7,5,4'-TMF) and the possible mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated in mice by employing acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced nociception and hot water tail immersion methods. The involvement of opioid, GABAergic, tryptaminergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms and K+ATP channels in the anti-nociceptive activity of trimethoxy flavones was investigated using suitable interacting chemicals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trimethoxy flavones exhibited a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid writhing. The paw-licking response time was reduced both in the early and late phases of formalin nociception in a dose-dependent manner by trimethoxy flavones. A significant increase in tail withdrawal latency time was also observed after trimethoxy flavones treatment. These observations revealed the potential anti-nociceptive action of the investigated trimethoxy flavones. Pretreatment with naloxone and bicuculline significantly attenuated the reduction of abdominal constrictions produced by all the tested trimethoxy flavones indicating a definite role of opioid and GABAergic mechanisms in the anti-nociceptive effect of trimethoxy flavones. The anti-nociceptive action elicited by various trimethoxy flavones was differently modulated by glibenclamide, ondansetron, yohimbine and sulpiride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigated trimethoxy flavones exhibited promising anti-nociceptive activity in various nociceptive models, and multiple mechanisms are involved in the anti-nociceptive activity of these compounds.
authors.forename: Jagan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nadipelly
authors.forename: Vijaykumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sayeli
authors.forename: Parimala
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kadhirvelu
authors.forename: Jaikumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shanmugasundaram
authors.forename: Binoy Varghese
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Cheriyan
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subramanian
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D047309:Flavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009270:Naloxone; D019342:Acetic Acid