title: Heavy Metal Contamination in Rice-Producing Soils of Hunan Province, China and Potential Health Risks.
abstract: We studied Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Hg in three agricultural areas of Hunan province and determined the potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for residents. Soil and brown rice samples from Shimen, Fenghuang, and Xiangtan counties were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Soil levels of Cd and Hg were greatest, followed by As and Ni. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in brown rice were Cd 0.325, Cr 0.109, As 0.344, Ni 0.610, Mn 9.03, Pb 0.023, and Hg 0.071 mg/kg, respectively. Cd and Hg had greater transfer ability from soil to rice than the other elements. Daily intake of heavy metals through brown rice consumption were estimated to be Cd 2.30, Cr 0.775, As 2.45, Ni 4.32, Pb 0.162, Mn 64.6 and Hg 0.503 µg/(kg·day), respectively. Cd, Hg and As Hazard Quotient values were greater than 1 and Cd, Cr, As and Ni Cancer Risk values were all greater than 10(-4). The total non-carcinogenic risk factor was 14.6 and the total carcinogenic risk factor was 0.0423. Long-term exposure to heavy metals through brown rice consumption poses both potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to the local residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. zengff66@163.com.
authors.forename: Fanfu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. ww900222@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. 18711505358@163.com.
authors.forename: Mansha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. arsenite@163.com.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. phfyang@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. duany@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: heavy metal; risk assessment; soil-rice system