title: Synthesis of flexirubin-mediated silver nanoparticles using Chryseobacterium artocarpi CECT 8497 and investigation of its anticancer activity.
abstract: In this work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from a pigment produced by a recently-discovered bacterium, Chryseobacterium artocarpi CECT 8497, was achieved, followed by an investigation of its anticancer properties. The bacterial pigment was identified as flexirubin following NMR ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR), UV-Vis, and LC-MS analysis. An aqueous silver nitrate solution was treated with isolated flexirubin to produce silver nanoparticles. The synthesised silver nanoparticles were subsequently characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy methodologies. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of synthesised silver nanoparticles in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were evaluated. The tests showed significant cytotoxicity activity of the silver nanoparticles in the cultured cells, with an IC50 value of 36μgmL(-1). This study demonstrates that silver nanoparticles, synthesised from flexirubin from C. artocarpi CECT 8497, may have potential as a novel chemotherapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: ckvenil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chidambaram Kulandaisamy
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Venil
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Palanivel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sathishkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Mahalingam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 023, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajamanickam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Usha
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rajarajeswaran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdull Rahim Mohd
authors.initials: ARM
authors.lastname: Yusoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: azlina@kimia.fs.utm.my.
authors.forename: Wan Azlina
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045247:Chryseobacterium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011090:Polyenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011090:Polyenes; C017313:flexirubins
keywords: Anticancer activity; Chryseobacterium; Flexirubin; Human breast cancer cells; Silver nanoparticles