title: Coinfection of Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst and Aspergilloma: Case Report and Systematic Review.
abstract: Aspergilloma infection consists of a mass of fungal hyphae, inflammatory cells, fibrin, mucus, and tissue debris and can colonize lung cavities due to underlying diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, cavitary lung cancer, neoplasms, ankylosing spondylitis, bronchial cysts, and pulmonary infarction. Here we report coinfection of pulmonary hydatid cyst and aspergilloma in a 34-year-old female who had had history of minor thalassemia and suffered from chest pain, dyspnea, non-productive cough for at least five months, and hemoptysis for 20 days. Radiographic sign showed a large cavitary lesion (5 × 6 × 6 cm) involving left lower lobe (LLL). Dichotomous septate hyphae were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy specimens from LLL. The patient subsequently improved after combined anti-helminth therapies with albendazole (400 mg/bd) and lobectomy. According to morphological and molecular characterization, Aspergillus niger was confirmed. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests revealed that the MIC values for the antifungals used in this case in increasing order were posaconazole (0.125 µg/ml), itraconazole and voriconazole (0.5 µg/ml), and amphotericin B (1 µg/ml). The minimum effective concentration for caspofungin was 0.125 µg/ml. Subsequently, we systematically reviewed 22 confirmed cases of pulmonary hydatid cyst and aspergilloma during a period of 19 years (1995-2014) and discussed the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliyali
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.|Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shokohi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moazeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nosrati
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godazandeh
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.|CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolatabadi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. m.nabili2010@gmail.com.|Social Security Organization, Mazandaran, Iran. m.nabili2010@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nabili
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D004445:Echinococcosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D055732:Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015766:Albendazole
keywords: Aspergilloma; Aspergillus species; Coinfection; Hydatid cyst; Hydatidosis