title: Cytotoxic effects of octenidine mouth rinse on human fibroblasts and epithelial cells - an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the cytotoxicity of a new octenidine mouth rinse (MR) against gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells with different established MRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following MRs were used: Octenidol (OCT), Chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX), Listerine (LIS), Meridol (MER), Betaisodona (BET); and control (medium only). Human primary gingiva fibroblasts and human primary nasal epithelial cells were cultivated in cell-specific media (2 × 10(5) cells/ml) and treated with MR for 1, 5, and 15 min. Each test was performed 12 times. Metabolism activity was measured using a cytotoxicity assay. A cellometer analyzed cell viability, cell number, and cell diameter. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with subsequent Dunnett's test and additional t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytotoxic effects of all MRs on fibroblasts and epithelial cells compared to the control depended on the contact time (p < 0.001). OCT and BET showed less influence on cell metabolism in fibroblasts than other MRs. OCT also demonstrated comparable but not significant results in epithelial cells (p > 0.005). Cell numbers of both cell types at all contact times revealed that OCT showed a less negative effect (p > 0.005), especially for epithelial cells compared to CHX after 15 min (p < 0.005). OCT and BET showed the best results for viability in fibroblasts (p > 0.005), but MER showed less influence than OCT in epithelial cells (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCT is a potential alternative to CHX regarding cytotoxicity because of its lower cell-toxic effect against fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany .
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: b Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology , University Medical Centre Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany .
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zyba
authors.affiliation: c Department of Medical Statistics , University Medical Centre Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany , and.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: d Department of Prosthodontics , University Medical Centre Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinke
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany .
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology , University Medical Centre Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany .
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mausberg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany .
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziebolz
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007097:Imines; D009067:Mouthwashes; D011725:Pyridines; C034213:octenidine
keywords: Mouth rinse; cytotoxicity; oral cells