title: PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF ENDOGENOUS FUNGAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS AND CHORIORETINITIS RATES, CLINICAL COURSE, AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH FUNGEMIA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Former studies have found rates of endogenous endophthalmitis ranging from 0% to 37% in patients with fungemia. This study sought to prospectively determine the rate and risk factors for endogenous chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis in patients with fungemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was performed of consecutive adult inpatients at a single site from 2010 to 2013 of patients with positive blood cultures for fungus. One hundred and nineteen pieces of information were gathered for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 125 patients were enrolled in the study with 7 positive cases of chorioretinitis for a rate of 5.6%. Of these positive cases, 2 patients had endophthalmitis for a rate of 1.6%. Two patients who had a negative initial examination subsequently had a positive examination; 57% of the chorioretinitis patients who could report symptoms were asymptomatic, 57% of the chorioretinitis patients died, and 32% of negative cases died. Prolonged hospitalization, altered mental status, total parenteral nutrition, and gastrointestinal surgery were protective on univariate but not multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite modern antifungal therapy, fungal chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis continue to occur in patients with positive fungal cultures. Two dilated ophthalmic examinations should still be considered even in asymptomatic patients with fungemia.
authors.affiliation: *Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; and †Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Yannis M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Karth
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents