title: Genetic Variants and Systemic Complement Activation Levels Are Associated With Serum Lipoprotein Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic variants in genes encoding components of lipid metabolism have been associated with AMD. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relation of these genetic variants with serum lipid levels in AMD in a large case-control cohort (n = 3070) and to test for correlations between lipids and complement activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight lipid metabolism genes, previously described to be associated with AMD, were genotyped and tested for their association in our case-control cohort. Serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC), and complement activation levels (C3d/C3) were measured and tested for association with AMD. Non-HDL cholesterol and LDL were inferred based on the measurements of the other lipids and lipoproteins. General linear models and χ2 tests were used to evaluate the relation of SNPs and lipids/lipoproteins to the disease as well as their interrelations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant genotypic associations with AMD were observed for SNPs in CETP, APOE, and FADS1. The serum levels of Apo-AI and HDLC were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. Triglycerides (TG) levels were lower in AMD compared with controls. A cumulative effect was observed for APOE and CETP genotypes on HDLC and Apo-AI levels. Complement activation levels correlated positively with HDLC and Apo-AI, and negatively with TG. Both the lipids/lipoproteins and the complement activation levels associate independently to AMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study bridges the gap between genetic associations and physiological lipid levels in AMD. Additionally, the observed correlations between complement activation and lipid levels link two major systems that previously were always assessed independently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Constantin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Paun
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Lebriz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.affiliation: Department for Health and Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joannes M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Groenewoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yara T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lechanteur
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carel B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hoyng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eiko K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medica.
authors.forename: Anneke I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: den Hollander
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000235:genetics; D017242:Complement Factor H / Q000235:genetics*; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D017242:Complement Factor H; C000716847:FADS1 protein, human