title: B-Lines on Pediatric Lung Sonography: Comparison With Computed Tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sonographic artifacts known as B-lines can been used to estimate alterations of lung parenchyma. Multiple B-lines on sonography are seen in congestive heart disease, interstitial lung disease, respiratory infections, and neonates. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of B-lines on sonography to the extent of parenchymal changes on computed tomography (CT) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung sonography was performed on 60 patients aged 18 years and younger referred for chest CT at our institution. B-lines were counted from 5 anterolateral intercostal spaces bilaterally. The CT findings were documented and graded as absent, minimal, partial, or complete.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of B-lines on sonography increased consistently with the growing extent of parenchymal changes on CT. The differences in the B-line counts between the patients grouped according to the extent of parenchymal changes on CT were statistically significant except between patients with minimal and no changes (P < .01 Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of B-lines on sonography correlates with the extent of parenchymal changes on CT. Various parenchymal changes were seen in patients with B-lines on sonography. B-lines were more frequently seen in patients with no changes on CT when imaged during general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa Medical Imaging Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. laura.martelius@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martelius
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa Medical Imaging Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Henna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa Medical Imaging Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lauerma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: B-lines; computed tomography; lung sonography; pediatric ultrasound; pediatrics