title: Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose, hypofractionated proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-arm, phase II, multi-institutional study, 92 patients with biopsy-confirmed HCC or ICC, determined to be unresectable by multidisciplinary review, with a Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (CTP) of A or B, ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, no extrahepatic disease, and no prior radiation received 15 fractions of proton therapy to a maximum total dose of 67.5 Gy equivalent. Sample size was calculated to demonstrate > 80% local control (LC) defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.0 criteria at 2 years for HCC patients, with the parallel goal of obtaining acceptable precision for estimating outcomes for ICC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three patients were evaluable: 44 with HCC, 37 with ICC, and two with mixed HCC/ICC. The CTP score was A for 79.5% of patients and B for 15.7%; 4.8% of patients had no cirrhosis. Prior treatment had been given to 31.8% of HCC patients and 61.5% of ICC patients. The median maximum dimension was 5.0 cm (range, 1.9 to 12.0 cm) for HCC patients and 6.0 cm (range, 2.2 to 10.9 cm) for ICC patients. Multiple tumors were present in 27.3% of HCC patients and in 12.8% of ICC patients. Tumor vascular thrombosis was present in 29.5% of HCC patients and in 28.2% of ICC patients. The median dose delivered to both HCC and ICC patients was 58.0 Gy. With a median follow-up among survivors of 19.5 months, the LC rate at 2 years was 94.8% for HCC and 94.1% for ICC. The overall survival rate at 2 years was 63.2% for HCC and 46.5% ICC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose hypofractionated proton therapy demonstrated high LC rates for HCC and ICC safely, supporting ongoing phase III trials of radiation in HCC and ICC.
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. tshong1@partners.org.
authors.forename: Theodore S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jennifer Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wo
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Beow Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yeap
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Josef
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Erin I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Blaszkowsky
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Eunice L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jill N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Lipika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Milind M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Javle
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wolfgang
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Lorraine C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Drapek
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mamon
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Kenneth K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Cristina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ferrone
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: DeLaney
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: Theodore S. Hong, Jennifer Y. Wo, Beow Y. Yeap, Erin I. McDonnell, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Eunice L. Kwak, Jill N. Allen, Jeffrey W. Clark, Lipika Goyal, Janet E. Murphy, John A. Wolfgang, Lorraine C. Drapek, Ronald S. Arellano, John T. Mullen, Sam S. Yoon, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Cristina R. Ferrone, David P. Ryan, Thomas F. DeLaney, and Andrew X. Zhu, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Harvey J. Mamon, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Edgar Ben-Josef, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA; and Milind M. Javle and Christopher H. Crane, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Andrew X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D061766:Proton Therapy; D000069473:Radiation Dose Hypofractionation; D015996:Survival Rate