title: The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation.
abstract: Much of the early research in aversive learning concerned motivation and reinforcement in avoidance conditioning and related paradigms. When the field transitioned toward the focus on Pavlovian threat conditioning in isolation, this paved the way for the clear understanding of the psychological principles and neural and molecular mechanisms responsible for this type of learning and memory that has unfolded over recent decades. Currently, avoidance conditioning is being revisited, and with what has been learned about associative aversive learning, rapid progress is being made. We review, below, the literature on the neural substrates critical for learning in instrumental active avoidance tasks and conditioned aversive motivation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, USA. vc42@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Vincent D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Campese
authors.affiliation: Emotional Brain Institute at NYU and Nathan Kline Institute, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moscarello
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diaz-Mataix
authors.affiliation: Emotional Brain Institute at NYU and Nathan Kline Institute, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, USA.|Emotional Brain Institute at NYU and Nathan Kline Institute, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: LeDoux
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D046352:Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
keywords: Avoidance; Freezing; Instrumental; Rat