title: Prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.
abstract: S. aureus colonizes both artificial and tissue surfaces in humans causing chronic persistent infections that are difficult to cure. It is a notorious pathogen due to its antibiotic recalcitrance and phenotypic adaptability, both of which are facilitated by its ability to develop biofilms. S. aureus biofilms challenge conventional anti-infective approaches, most notably antibiotic therapy. Therefore there is an unmet need to develop and include parallel approaches that target S. aureus biofilm infections. This review discusses two broad anti-infective strategies: (1) preventative approaches (anti-biofilm surface coatings, the inclusion of biofilm-specific vaccine antigens); and (2) approaches aimed at eradicating established S. aureus biofilms, particularly those associated with implant infections. Advances in understanding the distinct nature of S. aureus biofilm development and pathogenesis have led to growing optimism in S. aureus biofilm targeted anti-infective strategies. Further research is needed however, to see the successful administration and validation of these approaches to the diverse types of infections caused by S. aureus biofilms from multiple clinical strains.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Mohini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.|b Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.|c The Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.affiliation: b Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.|c The Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.|d Department of Orthopedics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.|e Department of Engineering Sciences, National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS) , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stoodley
authors.affiliation: b Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.|c The Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Luanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hall-Stoodley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D020878:Device Removal / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; anti-infective strategies; antibiotic tolerance; biofilm infections; device related infections; persistence; prosthetic implants