title: Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Lagos, Nigeria.
abstract: Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi has improved our understanding of the transmission of both organisms in humans. In this study, to infer possible infection sources, Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in fecal specimens from 90 HIV-infected patients attending antiretroviral clinics in Lagos, Nigeria were detected and genotyped by PCR and DNA sequencing. Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were identified in four and five patients, respectively, including the occurrence of subtype IeA11T3G3 of Cryptosporidium hominis in two patients, subtype IIcA5G3k of Cryptosporidium parvum in one patient, and Type IV of E. bieneusi in four patients. Among the remaining positive patients, one had mixed infection of Cryptosporidium meleagridis and C. hominis and one had mixed E. bieneusi genotypes. These data highlight a possible difference in major transmission routes (anthroponotic vs. zoonotic) between Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in HIV+ patients in the study area.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa.
authors.forename: Oladele T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Ojuromi
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA.|State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
authors.forename: Soledad M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fenoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Wellington A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Oyibo
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, 28003, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Aguila
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anofi O T
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ashafa
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Yaoyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000469:parasitology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; microsporidia; opportunistic; zoonosis