title: Opportunities for Products of New Plant Breeding Techniques.
abstract: Various new plant breeding techniques (NPBT) have a similar aim, namely to produce improved crop varieties that are difficult to obtain through traditional breeding methods. Here, we review the opportunities for products created using NPBTs. We categorize products of these NPBTs into three product classes with a different degree of genetic modification. For each product class, recent examples are described to illustrate the potential for breeding new crops with improved traits. Finally, we touch upon the future applications of these methods, such as cisgenic potato genotypes in which specific combinations of Phytophthora infestans resistance genes have been stacked for use in durable cultivation, or the creation of new disease resistances by knocking out or removing S-genes using genome-editing techniques.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jan.schaart@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schaart
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Clemens C M
authors.initials: CCM
authors.lastname: van de Wiel
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Agrosystems Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lambertus A P
authors.initials: LAP
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marinus J M
authors.initials: MJM
authors.lastname: Smulders
mesh_terms: D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems / Q000502:physiology; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000069600:Plant Breeding / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CRISPR-Cas9; TALEN; cisgenesis; early flowering; intragenesis; new plant breeding techniques