title: A Retrospective Analysis of Urine Drugs of Abuse Immunoassay True Positive Rates at a National Reference Laboratory.
abstract: Urine drug screens are commonly performed to identify drug use or monitor adherence to drug therapy. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the true positive and false positive rates of one of our in-house urine drug screen panels. The urine drugs of abuse panel studied consists of screening by immunoassay then positive immunoassay results were confirmed by mass spectrometry. Reagents from Syva and Microgenics were used for the immunoassay screen. The screen was performed on a Beckman AU5810 random access automated clinical analyzer. The percent of true positives for each immunoassay was determined. Agreement with previously validated GC-MS or LC-MS-MS confirmatory methods was also evaluated. There were 8,825 de-identified screening results for each of the drugs in the panel, except for alcohol (N = 2,296). The percent of samples that screened positive were: 10.0% for amphetamine/methamphetamine/3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), 12.8% for benzodiazepines, 43.7% for opiates (including oxycodone) and 20.3% for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The false positive rate for amphetamine/methamphetamine was ∼14%, ∼34% for opiates (excluding oxycodone), 25% for propoxyphene and 100% for phencyclidine and MDMA immunoassays. Based on the results from this retrospective study, the true positive rate for THC drug use among adults were similar to the rate of illicit drug use in young adults from the 2013 National Survey; however, our positivity rate for cocaine was higher than the National Survey.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA kamisha.johnson-davis@aruplab.com.
authors.forename: Kamisha L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johnson-Davis
authors.affiliation: ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Genzen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003042:Cocaine / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D000431:Ethanol / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000276:immunology* / Q000652:urine*; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D000431:Ethanol; D008694:Methamphetamine; D013759:Dronabinol; D010098:Oxycodone; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine