title: Eye movements and brain oscillations to symbolic safety signs with different comprehensibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate eye movements and brain oscillations to symbolic safety signs with different comprehensibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two young adults participated in this study, and ten traffic symbols consisting of easy-to-comprehend and hard-to-comprehend signs were used as stimuli. During the sign comprehension test, real-time eye movements and spontaneous brain activity [electroencephalogram (EEG) data] were simultaneously recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comprehensibility level of symbolic traffic signs significantly affects eye movements and EEG spectral power. The harder to comprehend the sign is, the slower the blink rate, the larger the pupil diameter, and the longer the time to first fixation. Noticeable differences on EEG spectral power between easy-to-comprehend and hard-to-comprehend signs are observed in the prefrontal and visual cortex of the human brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sign comprehensibility has significant effects on real-time nonintrusive eye movements and brain oscillations. These findings demonstrate the potential to integrate physiological measures from eye movements and brain oscillations with existing evaluation methods in assessing the comprehensibility of symbolic safety signs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Systems Engineering, School of Design and Human Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea. yohanapra@unist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yohana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Siswandari
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Systems Engineering, School of Design and Human Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea. shupingx@gmail.com.|Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. shupingx@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012449:Safety; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult