title: Social conversational skills development in early implanted children.
abstract: Social conversational skills are a salient aspect of early pragmatic development in young children. These skills include two different abilities, assertiveness and responsiveness. This study investigated the development of these abilities in early implanted children and their relationships with lexical development and some language-sensitive variables.
  
  
  
  Prospective, observational, nonrandomized study.
  
  
  
  Participants included 28 children with congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss. The mean age at device activation was 13.3 months (standard deviation [SD] ±4.2). The Social-Conversational Skills Rating Scale was used to evaluate assertiveness and responsiveness. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (Words and Sentences form) was used to analyze the lexical development. The device experience was 12 months for each child, and the mean age at testing was 25.9 months (SD ±4.6).
  
  
  
  Assertiveness and responsiveness scores were within the normal range of normal-hearing age-matched peers. Age at cochlear implant activation exerted a significant impact, with the highest scores associated to the youngest patients. The residual correlations between assertiveness and responsiveness with the lexical development were positive and strongly significant (r = 0.69 and 0.73, respectively). Preoperative hearing threshold demonstrated an associated significant coefficient on the assertiveness score. Age at diagnosis and maternal education level were not correlated with the social conversational skills.
  
  
  
  Early-implanted children developed social conversational skills that are similar to normal-hearing peers matched for age 1 year after device activation. Social conversational skills and lexical development were strongly correlated, but the present study design cannot specify the direction of this relationship. Children with better preoperative residual hearing exhibited better assertive ability.
  
  
  
  4 Laryngoscope, 126:2098-2105, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerzoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murri
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabrizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicastri
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cuda
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D066107:Social Skills
keywords: Social conversational skill; cochlear implant; hearing loss; lexical skills; pragmatic skills