title: A pharmacokinetic and residual study of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) with single- and multiple-dose oral administrations.
abstract: A pharmacokinetic and tissue residue study of sulfadiazine combined with trimethoprim (SDZ/TMP = 5/1) was conducted in Siniperca chuatsi after single- (120 mg/kg) or multiple-dose (an initial dose of 120 mg/kg followed by a 5-day consecutive dose of 60 mg/kg) oral administrations at 28 °C. The absorption half-life (t1/2α ), elimination half-life (t1/2β ), volume of distribution (Vd /F), and the total body clearance (ClB /F) for SDZ and TMP were 4.3 ± 1.7 to 6.3 ± 1.8 h and 2.4 ± 1.0 to 3.9 ± 0.9 h, 25.9 ± 4.5 to 53.0 ± 5.6 h and 11.8 ± 3.5 to 17.1 ± 3.4 h, 2.34 ± 0.78 to 3.67 ± 0.99 L/kg and 0.39 ± 0.01 to 1.33 ± 0.57 L/kg, and 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.06 ± 0.01 L/kg·h and 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.05 ± 0.01 L/kg·h, respectively, after the single dose. The elimination half-life (t1/2β ) and mean residue time (MRT) for SDZ and TMP were 68.8 ± 7.8 to 139.8 ± 12.3 h and 34.0 ± 5.5 to 56.1 ± 6.8 h, and 99.3 ± 6.1 to 201.7 ± 11.5 h and 49.1 ± 3.5 to 81.0 ± 5.1 h, respectively, after the multiple-dose administration. The daily oral SDZ/TMP administration might cause a high tissue concentration and long t1/2β , thereby affecting antibacterial activity. The withdrawal time for this oral SDZ/TMP formulation (according to the accepted guidelines in Europe for maximum residue limits, <0.1 mg/kg of tissues for sulfonamides, and <0.05 mg/kg for TMP) should not be <36 days for fish.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004350:Drug Residues; D005399:Fishes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D014295:Trimethoprim; C024873:sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides