title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill adults in the emergency department: history, current applications, and future directions.
abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a mode of extracorporeal life support that augments oxygenation, ventilation and/or cardiac output via cannulae connected to a circuit that pumps blood through an oxygenator and back into the patient. ECMO has been used for decades to support cardiopulmonary disease refractory to conventional therapy. While not robust, there are promising data for the use of ECMO in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock and the potential indications for ECMO continue to increase. This review discusses the existing literature on the potential use of ECMO in critically ill patients within the emergency department.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona, 1609 N. Warren Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. jmosier@aemrc.arizona.edu.|Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, University of Arizona, 1609 N. Warren Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. jmosier@aemrc.arizona.edu.|Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. jmosier@aemrc.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Jarrod M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mosier
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona, 1609 N. Warren Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Yuval
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gunnerson
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona, 1609 N. Warren Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.|Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, University of Arizona, 1609 N. Warren Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.|Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hypes
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malo
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Sage P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Whitmore
authors.affiliation: Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center, University of Arizona, 1609 N. Warren Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Spaite
mesh_terms: D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000639:trends*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome