title: Thermodynamic Insights and Conceptual Design of Skin-Sensitive Chitosan Coated Ceramide/PLGA Nanodrug for Regeneration of Stratum Corneum on Atopic Dermatitis.
abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex skin disease primarily characterized by psoriasis of the stratum corneum. AD drugs have usually been used in acidic and hydrophilic solvents to supply moisture and prevent lipid defects. Ceramide is a typical treatment agent to regenerate the stratum corneum and relieve symptoms of AD. However, ceramide has limitation on direct use for skin because of its low dispersion properties in hydrophilic phase and side effects at excessive treatment. In this study, ceramide imbedded PLGA nanoparticles were developed with chitosan coating (Chi-PLGA/Cer) to overcome this problem. The chitosan coating enhanced initial adherence to the skin and prevented the initial burst of ceramide, but was degraded by the weakly acidic nature of skin, resulting in controlled release of ceramide with additional driving force of the squeezed PLGA nanoparticles. Additionally, the coating kinetics of chitosan were controlled by manipulating the reaction conditions and then mathematically modeled. The Chi-PLGA/Cer was not found to be cytotoxic and ceramide release was controlled by pH, temperature, and chitosan coating. Finally, Chi-PLGA/Cer was demonstrated to be effective at stratum corneum regeneration in a rat AD model. Overall, the results presented herein indicated that Chi-PLGA/Cer is a novel nanodrug for treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Myung
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Gwang Heum
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoo Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Seul Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo Seon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D002518:Ceramides; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan