title: Manufactured nanoparticles in the aquatic environment-biochemical responses on freshwater organisms: A critical overview.
abstract: The enormous investments in nanotechnology have led to an exponential increase of new manufactured nano-enabled materials whose impact in the aquatic systems is still largely unknown. Ecotoxicity and nanosafety studies mostly resulted in contradictory results and generally failed to clearly identify biological patterns that could be related specifically to nanotoxicity. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most discussed nanotoxicity mechanism in literature. ROS can induce oxidative stress (OS), resulting in cyto- and genotoxicity. The ROS overproduction can trigger the induction of anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which are used as biomarkers of response. A critical overview of the biochemical responses induced by the presence of NPs on freshwater organisms is performed with a strong interest on indicators of ROS and general stress. A special focus will be given to the NPs transformations, including aggregation, and dissolution, in the exposure media and the produced biochemical endpoints.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Torre Sul Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Electronic address: goncalovale@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gonçalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg. Electronic address: kahina.mehennaoui@list.lu.
authors.forename: Kahina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mehennaoui
authors.affiliation: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg. Electronic address: sebastien.cambier@list.lu.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cambier
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni.libralato@unive.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Libralato
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360, Campus Bridoux rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France. Electronic address: stephane.jomini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jomini
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Torre Sul Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 7154, Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris Cedex 05, France. Electronic address: rifdom@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rute F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Domingos
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Anti-oxidant enzymes; Freshwater organisms; Nanoparticles; Nanotoxicity; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Transformations