title: Use of nanoparticles to deliver immunomodulatory oligonucleotides.
abstract: Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated 'CpG motifs' stimulate the innate immune system to produce cytokines, chemokines, and polyreactive antibodies. CpG ODNs have shown promise as vaccine adjuvants and for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. The immunostimulatory activity of CpG ODNs is inhibited by DNA-containing 'suppressive' motifs. ODNs expressing suppressive motifs (Sup ODNs) reduce ongoing immune reactions and show promise in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This work reviews recent progress in the use of nanoparticles as carriers of CpG and Sup ODNs to target their delivery to the GI tract and lungs. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:631-637. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1382 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Klinman
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D051379:Mice; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs; D009841:Oligonucleotides
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009841:Oligonucleotides