title: The renal protective effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose on diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. 1832 is an herbal medicine used to treat diabetes in China. Considering that Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the present study is aimed to investigate the renal protection of ARP and its possible mechanism in diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were induced to diabetes with high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). ARP (100, 300 mg/kg) was orally administrated to diabetic mice once a day for consecutive 15 days. The fasting glucose level, expressions of key proteins of p38 MAP kinase cascade, inflammatory factors, fibronectin (FN) and the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured. Furthermore, the histological examination of the separated kidneys was also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the diabetic mice, ARP administration induced a significant decrease in blood glucose level and improved the body weight of diabetic mice. In addition, ARP inhibited the expression of renal p38 MAP kinase cascade and its downstream inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), FN as well as MMP2/9. Moreover, the histological examination showed an apparent reduction of mesangial matrix deposition and damage of microvascular structure after ARP administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective effects of ARP on diabetic renal damage may be attributed to the inhibition of p38 MAP kinase cascade and then attenuating the inflammatory responses and high glucose-induced renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Meng
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China. Electronic address: liuq@hqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China. Electronic address: litaoyi@hqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li-Tao
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D013395:Sucrose; D013311:Streptozocin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Anoectochilus roxburghii; Diabetic renal damage; Inflammation; Polysaccharose; p38 MAP kinase