title: Changes in Cartilage and Tendon Composition of Patients With Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Identification by Quantitative Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate possible biochemical alterations in tendons and cartilage caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), using quantitative in vivo 7 T sodium magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional review board approved this prospective study, and written informed consent was obtained. Eight DM1 patients with no history of knee trauma and 9 healthy age- and weight-matched volunteers were examined at 7 T using dedicated knee coils.All participants underwent morphological and sodium MR imaging. Region-of-interest analysis was performed manually for the non-weight-bearing area of the femoral condyle cartilage and for the patella tendon. Two readers read the image data sets independently, twice, for intrareader and interreader agreement. Normalized mean sodium signal intensity (NMSI) values were compared between patients and volunteers for each reader using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On morphological images, cartilage in the non-weight-bearing area and the patellar tendon was intact in all patients. On sodium MR imaging, bivariate analysis of variance showed significantly lower mean NMSI values in the cartilage (P = 0.008) and significantly higher values in the tendons (P = 0.025) of patients compared with those of volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed significantly different NMSI values between DM1 patients and matched volunteers. Differences observed in the cartilage and tendon might be associated with a DM1-related alteration of biochemical composition that occurs before it can be visualized on morphological MR sequences.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna; †Centre of Excellence for High-Field MR, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna; ‡ Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Metabolism, Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marik
authors.forename: Stefan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nemec
authors.forename: Štefan
authors.initials: Š
authors.lastname: Zbýň
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zalaudek
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ludvik
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riegler
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karner
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trattnig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012964:Sodium; D013710:Tendons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium