title: Accuracy of periapical radiography in assessing bone level in implants affected by peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of periapical radiography in measuring peri-implant bone levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five subjects with 46 implants in need of surgical treatment for peri-implantitis were included in this cross-sectional study. Prior to surgery, periapical radiographs were taken, a prediction of type of defect was made and radiographic peri-implant bone levels (RxBL) were determined at the mesial and distal aspects. Intra-operatively, the peri-implant bone level (SurgBL) was assessed mesially, distally, buccally and orally and the type of defect was recorded. A paired t-test was applied to detect differences between inter-proximal RxBL and SurgBL. ANOVA was used to compare SurgBL at different circumferential positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean inter-proximal RxBL was 4.0 ± 2.2 mm and the mean inter-proximal SurgBL was 5.3 ± 2.3 mm. The difference between RxBL and SurgBL was statistically significant (p = 0.014). There were no significant differences in SurgBL at the mesial, distal, buccal and oral aspects (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intra-operatively measured peri-implant bone levels were more apical than the radiographic bone levels. The intra-operatively assessed peri-implant bone levels (SurgBL) were similar at all the circumferential positions around the implant.
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mir-Mari
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Goran I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Benic
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valmaseda-Castellón
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: bone; bone level; bone loss; dental implant; peri-implant diseases; peri-implantitis; periapical; radiography; two-dimensional