title: Prevalence and social burden of active chronic low back pain in the adult Portuguese population: results from a national survey.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of active chronic low back pain (CLBP) in the adult Portuguese population; to compare the active CLBP population with the population without CLBP; and to explore factors associated with active CLBP. The present study was conducted under the scope of EpiReumaPt a population-based study. Active CLBP was self-reported and considered if present on the day of the interview and for ≥90 days. Prevalence estimates were calculated. Association of active CLBP with quality of life, functional ability and healthcare consumption were evaluated. Factors associated with active CLBP were identified through logistic regression. Among 10.661 EpiReumaPt subjects, 1487 self-reported active CLBP. The prevalence of active CLBP was 10.4 % (95 % CI 9.6; 11.9 %). After adjustment, active CLBP subjects had a higher likelihood for anxiety symptoms (OR 2.77), early retirement due to disease (OR 1.88) and more physician visits (β = 2.65). Factors significantly and independently associated with the presence of active CLBP were: female gender (OR 1.34), overweight/obesity (OR 1.27), presence of self-reported rheumatic musculoskeletal disease (RMD) (OR 2.93), anxiety symptoms (OR 2.67), age (OR 1.02) and higher number of self-reported comorbidities (OR 1.12). Active CLBP is highly prevalent in the Portuguese population and is associated with disability and with a high consumption of healthcare resources. Female gender, older age, anxiety symptoms, overweight/obesity, the presence of other RMD and the number of comorbidities were independently associated with the presence of active CLBP. These factors should be taken into account when new cohort prospective studies will be developed.
authors.affiliation: EpiReumaPt Research Team - Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal. neliagou@gmail.com.|CEDOC - Chronic Diseases of Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal. neliagou@gmail.com.|EpiDoc Unit - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Unit (CEDOC, NMS/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal. neliagou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nélia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: EpiReumaPt Research Team - Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal.|EpiDoc Unit - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Unit (CEDOC, NMS/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.|Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.|Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eusébio
authors.affiliation: EpiReumaPt Research Team - Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal.|CEDOC - Chronic Diseases of Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.|Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramiro
authors.affiliation: EpiReumaPt Research Team - Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal.|Clínica Universitária de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.|Centre for Rheumatology Research & MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: EpiReumaPt Research Team - Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal.|EpiDoc Unit - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Unit (CEDOC, NMS/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.|Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.|Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.|Rheumatology Unit of Hospital de Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN-E.P.E), Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Canhão
authors.affiliation: EpiReumaPt Research Team - Portuguese Society of Rheumatology, Lisbon, Portugal.|CEDOC - Chronic Diseases of Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.|EpiDoc Unit - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Unit (CEDOC, NMS/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.|Rheumatology Unit of Hospital Egas Moniz - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO- E.P.E.), Lisbon, Portugal.|Programa Nacional Contra as Doenças Reumáticas (2004-2014), Direcção Geral da Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jaime C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Branco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009819:Office Visits; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012179:Retirement; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burden of disease; Burden of low back pain; Chronic low back pain; Cross-sectional study; Population-based study