title: Oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 for the modulation of grass pollen allergic rhinitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study during the pollen season.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 in modulating allergic rhinitis was previously evaluated in two exploratory clinical studies. Oral administration with NCC 2461 reduced specific subjective symptoms following nasal provocation tests with controlled grass pollen allergen concentrations. Our aim was to confirm the anti-allergic effect of NCC 2461 in grass pollen allergic subjects exposed to natural doses of allergens during the pollen season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted with 131 grass pollen allergic subjects from May to July 2012 in concomitance with the pollen season in Berlin. NCC 2461 or placebo was administered daily for an 8-week period to adult subjects with clinical history of allergic rhinitis to grass pollen, positive skin prick test and IgE to grass pollen. During the 8 weeks, symptoms and quality of life questionnaires were filled out, and plasma was collected for IgE analysis at screening and at the end of the intervention. All subjects were included within a 5-day interval, ensuring exposure to similar air pollen counts for each individual during the trial period. The results obtained show that symptoms increased with pollen loads, confirming a natural exposure to the allergen and presence of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis in the subjects. However, no significant differences were observed in allergic rhinitis symptoms scores, quality of life, or specific IgE levels between subjects receiving NCC 2461 as compared to placebo administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous findings, oral administration of NCC 2461 did not show a beneficial effect on allergic rhinitis in a field trial. The influence of study design, allergen exposure and intervention window on the efficacy of NCC 2461 in modulating respiratory allergy should be further evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, PO Box 44, 1000 Lausanne-26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0966-3236
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nembrini
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, PO Box 44, 1000 Lausanne-26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, PO Box 44, 1000 Lausanne-26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carlos Antonio
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: De Castro
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, PO Box 44, 1000 Lausanne-26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercenier
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, PO Box 44, 1000 Lausanne-26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nutten
keywords: Allergen; Allergy; Exposure; Nasal; Probiotic; Symptoms