title: Changes in composition and sulfation patterns of glycoaminoglycans in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous, linear, highly charged, anionic polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharides units. GAGs have some biological significance in cancer progression (invasion and metastasis) and cell signaling. In different cancer types, GAGs undergo specific structural changes. In the present study, in depth investigation of changes in sulfation pattern and composition of GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin (HP), chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan (HA) in normal renal tissue (NRT) and renal cell carcinoma tissue (RCCT) were evaluated. The statistical evaluation showed that alteration of the HS (HSNRT = 415.1 ± 115.3; HSRCCT = 277.5 ± 134.3), and CS (CSNRT = 35.3 ± 12.3; CSRCCT = 166.7 ± 108.8) amounts (in ng/mg dry tissue) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Sulfation pattern in NRT and RCCT was evaluated to reveal disaccharide profiles. Statistical analyses showed that RCCT samples contain significantly increased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of 4SCS (NRT = 25.7 ± 9.4; RCCT = 117.1 ± 73.9), SECS (NRT = 0.7 ± 0.3; RCCT = 4.7 ± 4.5), 6SCS (NRT = 6.1 ± 2.7; RCCT = 39.4 ± 34.7) and significantly decreased amounts (in units of ng/mg dry tissue) of NS6SHS (RCCT = 28.6 ± 6.5, RCCT = 10.2 ± 8.0), NS2SHS (RCCT = 44.2 ± 13.8; RCCT = 27.2 ± 15.0), NSHS (NRT = 68.4 ± 15.8; RCCT = 50.4 ± 21.2), 2S6SHS (NRT = 1.0 ± 0.4; RCCT = 0.4 ± 0.3), and 6SHS (NRT = 60.6 ± 17.5; RCCT = 24.9 ± 12.3). If these changes in GAGs are proven to be specific and sensitive, they may serve as potential biomarkers in RCC. Our findings are likely to help us to show the direction for further investigations to be able to bring different diagnostic and prognostic approaches in renal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey. ebru9679@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ucakturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Orkun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.|Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.|Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek Ertoy
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dolgun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.|Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.|Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Fuming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. linhar@rpi.edu.|Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. linhar@rpi.edu.|Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. linhar@rpi.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. linhar@rpi.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006497:Heparan Sulfate
keywords: Biomarker; Glycosaminoglycans; Renal cell carcinoma; Sulfation pattern