title: Deciphering the salinity adaptation mechanism in Penicilliopsis clavariiformis AP, a rare salt tolerant fungus from mangrove.
abstract: Penicilliopsis clavariiformis AP, a rare salt tolerant fungus reported for the first time from India was identified through polyphasic taxonomy. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fungus has unique features such as biverticillate penicilli bearing masses of oval to ellipsoidal conidia. The fungus has been characterized for salt tolerance and to understand the relevance of central carbon metabolism in salt stress adaptation. It showed optimal growth at 24 °C and able to tolerate up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. To understand the mechanism of adaptation to high salinity, activities of the key enzymes regulating glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle were investigated under normal (0% NaCl) and saline stress environment (10% NaCl). The results revealed a re-routing of carbon metabolism away from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), served as a cellular stress-resistance mechanism in fungi under saline environment. The detection and significant expression of fungus genes (Hsp98, Hsp60, HTB, and RHO) under saline stress suggest that these halotolerance conferring genes from the fungus could have a role in fungus protection and adaptation under saline environment. Overall, the present findings indicate that the rearrangement of the metabolic fluxes distribution and stress related genes play an important role in cell survival and adaptation under saline environment.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Prem Lal
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Hillol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chakdar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.|ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sudheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Alok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D032407:Avicennia / Q000382:microbiology*; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010427:Pentose Phosphate Pathway / Q000502:physiology*; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000235:genetics*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D018834:Chaperonin 60; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; C078967:heat-shock protein 98; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Adaptation; Fungus; Halotolerance; Mangrove; Salt