title: Waterborne psychoactive drugs impair the initial development of Zebrafish.
abstract: The contamination of rivers and other natural water bodies, including underground waters, is a current reality. Human occupation and some economic activities generate a wide range of contaminated effluents that reach these water resources, including psychotropic drug residues. Here we show that fluoxetine, diazepam and risperidone affected the initial development of zebrafish. All drugs increased mortality rate and heart frequency and decreased larvae length. In addition, risperidone and fluoxetine decreased egg hatching. The overall results points to a strong potential of these drugs to cause a negative impact on zebrafish initial development and, since the larvae viability was reduced, promote adverse effects at the population level. We hypothesized that eggs and larvae absorbed the drugs that exert its effects in the central nervous system. These effects on early development may have significant environmental implications.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: Fabianakalichak@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalichak
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: idalencio@upf.br.
authors.forename: Renan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Idalencio
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: joaogabriel.sr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: João Gabriel S
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: Thiago_a.oliveira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thiago A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: gessikoakoski@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Gessi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koakoski
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: gussod@upf.br.
authors.forename: Darlan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gusso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: abreumurilo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Murilo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: anacvg@upf.br.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina V
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: heloisa@upf.br.
authors.forename: Heloísa H A
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: michelefagundes@upf.br.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: angelopiato@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Angelo L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Piato
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: lbarcellos@upf.br.
authors.forename: Leonardo J G
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barcellos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003975:Diazepam / Q000633:toxicity; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000633:toxicity*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005473:Fluoxetine; D018967:Risperidone; D003975:Diazepam
keywords: Danio rerio; Diazepam; Embryo; Fluoxetine; Larvae; Psychoactive drugs; Risperidone