title: Compliance With Guideline Statements for Urethral Catheterization in an Iranian Teaching Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is believed that healthcare staff play an important role in minimizing complications related to urethral catheterization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not healthcare staff complied with the standards for urethral catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in Imam Reza teaching hospital, Tabriz, Iran, from July to September 2013. A total of 109 catheterized patients were selected randomly from surgical and medical wards and intensive care units (ICUs). A questionnaire was completed by healthcare staff for each patient to assess quality of care provided for catheter insertion, while catheter in situ, draining and changing catheter bags. Items of the questionnaire were obtained from guidelines for the prevention of infection. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 50.54±22.13. Of the 109 patients, 56.88% were admitted to ICUs. The mean duration of catheter use was 15.86 days. Among the 25 patients who had a urinalysis test documented in their hospital records, 11 were positive for urinary tract infection (UTI). The lowest rate of hand-washing was reported before bag drainage (49.52%). The closed drainage catheter system was not available at all. Among the cases who had a daily genital area cleansing, in 27.63% cases, the patients or their family members performed the washing. In 66.35% of cases, multiple-use lubricant gel was applied; single-use gel was not available. The rate of documentation for bag change was 79%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the guideline statements was adhered to; however, some essential issues, such as hand hygiene were neglected. And some patients were catheterized routinely without proper indication. Limiting catheter use to mandatory situations and encouraging compliance with guidelines are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Students' Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taleschian-Tabrizi
authors.affiliation: Students' Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farhadi
authors.affiliation: Students' Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.affiliation: Students' Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohaddeseh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mokhtarkhani
authors.affiliation: Students' Research Committee, Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Kasra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kolahdouzan
authors.affiliation: Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Department of Urology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sakineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajebrahimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000592:standards*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Clinical Guideline; Healthcare Staff; Standards; Teaching Hospital; Urethral Catheter; Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)