title: Goblet cells are involved in translocation of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in the intestinal tissue of house musk shrew (Suncus murinus).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate an entry site of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), which is a major toxin for staphylococcal foodborne poisoning, into gastrointestinal tissue using a house musk shrew model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  House musk shrews were per orally administered with recombinant SEA and localization of SEA in gastrointestinal tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy 30 min after administration. SEA was detected in a subset of intestinal epithelial cells and lamina propria in the villi of jejunum and ileum. This observation was also found in gastrointestinal loops. Morphological characteristics of the SEA-immunopositive cells indicated that goblet cells are an entry site of SEA.SEA entered mucus-expelling goblet cells and the induction of mucus secretion by alyll isothiocyanate resulted in an intensive SEA signal. These results suggest that mucus secretion by goblet cells is important for the translocation of SEA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEA can translocate across intestinal epithelia via mucus-expelling goblet cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An entry site of SEA during translocation across the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier was investigated. This study was the first to demonstrate the significance of goblet cells as an entry site of this bacterial toxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.|Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omoe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: D-L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.|Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D012788:Shrews / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus enterotoxin A; goblet cell; house musk shrew; intestine; mucosal passage; oral administration