title: Unusual Thyroid Carcinoma Metastases: a Case Series and Literature Review.
abstract: The most common sites of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer are the neck lymph nodes, while distant metastases typically involve the lungs, the bones, and less frequently the brain. Uncommon metastatic sites include the liver, adrenal gland, kidney, pancreas, and skin. The epidemiological aspects of thyroid metastases in rare sites are largely unknown and their identification could have a significant impact on patients management. A mini-series of unusual metastatic sites of thyroid carcinoma is proposed as a contribution to current knowledge on anatomopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. Of the six cases that were assessed, the metastases were the following: skin metastases (2), skin and pancreas metastases (1), renal metastasis (1), adrenal metastasis (1), and liver metastasis (1). In our experience, metastases in rare sites do not always represent a negative prognostic factor for disease outcome. In fact they can occur as single distant lesion and if surgically resectable, their treatment can also lead to local disease remission.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy. rt.unibo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monari
authors.affiliation: Anatomic Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tallini
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Repaci
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzarotto
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit of the "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giunchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panzacchi
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cammelli
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, The Lacks Cancer Center, Saint Mary's Health Care, 250 Cherry St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Gilbert D A
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Unit, Fondazione "Giovanni Paolo II", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deodato
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit of the "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Center, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40135, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000556:secondary*; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary
keywords: Adrenal metastasis; Cutaneous metastasis; Liver metastasis; Pancreatic metastasis; Renal metastasis; Thyroid cancer