title: The pharmacological protection of renal function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of different routes and timings of administration of dopamine and mannitol used to alleviate the adverse effects of prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on renal functions in coronary artery surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group I (n: 25 patients): Mannitol 1 g/kg was added into the priming solution for CPB. Group II (n: 25 patients): IV dopamine was administered at a dose of 2 μg/kg/min during the time period between anesthesia induction and end of surgery. Group III (n: 25 patients): IV dopamine was administered at a dose of 2 μg/kg/min during the time period between anesthesia induction and end of surgery and mannitol 1 g/kg was added into the priming solution for CPB. Group IV (n: 25 patients) (Controls): Furosemide was given when the urine output was low.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in post operative urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in all groups (p < 0.05), even increase of cystatin-c in Groups I, II and III (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that concurrent use of dopamine infusion (2 μg/kg/min) with mannitol (1 g/kg) during CPB may represent a more effective strategy for the prevention of the untoward effects of CPB on renal functions.
authors.affiliation: Emine Bilge Narin, Anesthesiologist, Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care, Medicana Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine Bilge
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Narin
authors.affiliation: Ilhan Oztekin, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology & Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oztekin
authors.affiliation: Seher Deniz Oztekin, PhD. Professor in Nursing, Department of Surgical Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: SeherDeniz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oztekin
authors.affiliation: Betul Ogutmen, Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, DrSiyamiErsek Research and Training Hospital for Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ogutmen
keywords: Coronary artery surgery; Dopamine; cystatin-c; mannitol; microalbumin; urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio