title: Reading span task performance, linguistic experience, and the processing of unexpected syntactic events.
abstract: Accounts of individual differences in online language processing ability often focus on the explanatory utility of verbal working memory, as measured by reading span tasks. Although variability in reading span task performance likely reflects individual differences in multiple underlying traits, skills, and processes, accumulating evidence suggests that reading span scores also reflect variability in the linguistic experiences of an individual. Here, through an individual differences approach, we first demonstrate that reading span scores correlate significantly with measures of the amount of experience an individual has had with written language (gauged by measures that provide "proxy estimates" of print exposure). We then explore the relationship between reading span scores and online language processing ability. Individuals with higher reading spans demonstrated greater sensitivity to violations of statistical regularities found in natural language-as evinced by higher reading times (RTs) on the disambiguating region of garden-path sentences-relative to their lower span counterparts. This result held after statistically controlling for individual differences in a non-linguistic operation span task. Taken together, these results suggest that accounts of individual differences in sentence processing can benefit from a stronger focus on experiential factors, especially when considered in relation to variability in perceptual and learning abilities that influence the amount of benefit gleaned from such experience.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.|b Department of Linguistics , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel.
authors.forename: Alex B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.affiliation: d Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Misyak
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Morten H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007802:Language; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011932:Reading; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014706:Verbal Learning; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Individual differences; Language comprehension; Language processing; Linguistic experience; Reading span tasks