title: The biological effects upon the cardiovascular system consequent to exposure to particulates of less than 500 nm in size.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrafine particulate matter contribution to cardiovascular disease is not known and not regulated. PM up to 500 nm are abundant in urban air and alveolar deposition is significant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Effects beyond the alveolar barrier within the body or in vitro tissues exposed to particles <500 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE; Ovid-MEDLINE PREM; Web of Science; PubMed (SciGlobe). 127 articles. Results in tables: "subject type exposed", "exposure type", "technique".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart rate, vasoactivity, atherosclerotic advancement, oxidative stress, coagulability, inflammatory changes are affected. Production of reactive oxygen species is a useful target to limit outcomes associated with UFP exposure.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Clive C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK.
authors.forename: Bastiaan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoogendoorn
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Acute coronary syndromes; air pollution; atherosclerosis; oxidant stress; pathophysiology; ultrafine particulate matter