title: High-Fat Diets Containing Different Amounts of n3 and n6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Mice.
abstract: Dysregulation of adipokines is a hallmark of obesity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil may exert anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue mitigating the dysregulation of adipokines thereby preventing obesity. This study investigated the effects of high-fat diets containing different amounts of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on adiposity and adipokine production in mice. Mice were fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet with 16 or 45 % of energy from corn oil (low n3 PUFA) in comparison with a high-fat diet containing soybean or high-oleic sunflower oil (adequate n3 PUFA) or flaxseed or fish oil (high n3 PUFA) for 11 weeks. High-fat diets, regardless of types of oils, significantly increased body fat mass and body weights compared to the low-fat diet. Adipose fatty acid composition and contents reflected dietary fatty acid profiles. The high-fat fish oil diet significantly increased adiponectin and reduced leptin concentrations in both plasma and adipose tissue; it did not elevate plasma insulin concentration compared to the high-fat corn oil diet. All high-fat diets elevated concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) but lowered resistin concentrations in both plasma and adipose tissue. In conclusion, fish oil may be beneficial in improving insulin sensitivity by upregulation of adiponectin and downregulation of leptin production; n3 and n6 PUFA do not play a role at the dietary levels tested in reducing adiposity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (leptin, PAI-1, MCP-1 and resistin) and anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.affiliation: EMD Millipore Corporation, St. Charles, MO, 63304, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Rong
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Picklo
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA. lin.yan@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Adipokines; Adiposity; Mice; Obesity; Polyunsaturated fatty acids