title: Expression of β-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Urothelium, Interstitial Cells and Detrusor of the Human Urinary Bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether interstitial cells (ICs) of the human urinary bladder expressed β-adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes, and semiquantitatively compared the staining intensity among urothelium, ICs and detrusor muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin sections of the human urinary bladder were obtained from histologically normal areas of formalin-fixed specimens removed for bladder carcinoma. Double-labeling immunohistochemical methods using antibodies against each β-AR subtype and vimentin were performed to identify ICs of the human urinary bladder. The staining intensity of β-ARs was semiquantitatively compared among urothelium, ICs and detrusor muscles. Further, gender-related difference or age-related correlation in the staining intensity of β-ARs was compared in the same cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of β1 -, β2 -, and β3 -AR was observed in vimentin-positive ICs localized in suburothelium, between detrusor muscle bundles, and within these bundles of the human urinary bladder. The rank order of the staining intensity was urothelium > ICs = detrusor muscles in β1 -AR, urothelium > ICs > detrusor muscles in β2 -AR, whereas its order was ICs = detrusor muscles > urothelium in β3 -AR. Except for urothelial β1 -AR, there was no gender-related difference in the signal intensity of β-ARs in the urothelium, ICs or detrusor muscles. Age negatively correlated with the signal intensity of all β-AR subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β-ARs were expressed in vimentin-positive ICs of the human urinary bladder. As for β2 - and β3 -AR, there was no gender-related difference or age-related correlation in urothelium, ICs and detrusor muscles. In the human urinary bladder, β-ARs expressed in ICs may play a role in bladder physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Rikiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, JapanDepartment of Urology, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
keywords: detrusor muscle; myofibroblast; suburothelium; urothelium; β3-adrenoceptor