title: Dissipation of bentazone, pyrimethanil and boscalid in biochar and digestate based soil mixtures for biopurification systems.
abstract: Biopurification systems, such as biofilters, are biotechnological tools to prevent point sources of pesticide pollution stemming from on-farm operations. For the purification processes pesticide sorption and mineralization and/or dissipation are essential and both largely depend on the type of filling materials and the pesticide in use. In this paper the mineralization and dissipation of three contrasting (14)C-labeled pesticides (bentazone, boscalid, and pyrimethanil) were investigated in laboratory incubation experiments using sandy soil, biochar produced from Pine woodchips, and/or digestate obtained from anaerobic digestion process using maize silage, chicken manure, beef and pig urine as feedstock. The results indicate that the addition of digestate increased pesticide mineralization, whereby the mineralization was not proportional to the digestate loads in the mixture, indicating a saturation effect in the turnover rate of pesticides. This effect was in correlation with the amount of water extractable DOC, obtained from the digestate based mixtures. Mixing biochar into the soil generally reduced total mineralization and led to larger sorption/sequestration of the pesticides, resulting in faster decrease of the extractable fraction. Also the addition of biochar to the soil/digestate mixtures reduced mineralization compared to the digestate alone mixture but mineralization rates were still higher as for the biochar/soil alone. In consequence, the addition of biochar to the soil generally decreased pesticide dissipation times and larger amounts of biochar led to high amounts of non-extractable residues of pesticide in the substrates. Among the mixtures tested, a mixture of digestate (5%) and biochar (5%) gave optimal results with respect to mineralization and simultaneous sorption for all three pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Electronic address: s.mukherjee@fz-juelich.de.
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tappe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weihermueller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köppchen
authors.affiliation: BASF SE, Crop Protection, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laabs
authors.affiliation: BASF SE, Crop Protection, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vereecken
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Campus, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burauel
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000032:analysis; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D009536:Niacinamide; C550088:2-chloro-N-(4-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide; C108337:pyrimethanil; C002003:bentazone
keywords: Biobed; Biochar; Biomixture; Digestate; Dissipation; Mineralization