title: Upper extremity injuries in Danish children aged 6-12, mechanisms, and risk factors.
abstract: Although injuries to the upper extremity are most costly, the picture of the upper extremity injury problem remains incomplete. This study is the first to describe the etiology and mechanisms of upper extremity injuries in Danish children. A 2.5-year observational prospective cohort study was conducted to record upper extremity injuries in 1048 children. Data were weekly collected by sending a text message. A total of 176 upper extremity injuries were reported (128 acute injuries). Of the acute upper extremity injuries, 55% were sprains, 47% occurred in the hand/wrist, and 53% of cases were caused by a fall. When corrected for exposure to physical activity, this resulted in an acute upper extremity injury incidence density of 0.18 per 1000 h of physical activity. The odds of sustaining an upper extremity injury was higher in the older children (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.10-3.09), a tendency was found suggesting that girls are at increased acute upper extremity risk compared to boys (HR: 1.40 95% CI: 0.97-2.04). The findings that most injuries occur after a fall, that injury risk increases over age and that girls seem to be at increased injury risk provides essential information to guide future childhood injury prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jespersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Mechelen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.|Orthopaedic dep. Hospital of Lillebaelt and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, The Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Southern Denmark, Lillebaelt, Denmark.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wedderkopp
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: arm; child; epidemiology; injury