title: Does lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation have a role in OA?
abstract: The nature of the gastrointestinal microbiome determines the reservoir of lipopolysaccharide, which can migrate from the gut into the circulation, where it contributes to low-grade inflammation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory condition, and the elevation of levels of lipopolysaccharide in association with obesity and metabolic syndrome could contribute to OA. A 'two- hit' model of OA susceptibility and potentiation suggests that lipopolysaccharide primes the proinflammatory innate immune response via Toll-like receptor 4 and that progression to a full-blown inflammatory response and structural damage of the joint results from coexisting complementary mechanisms, such as inflammasome activation or assembly by damage-associated molecular patterns in the form of fragmented cartilage-matrix molecules. Lipopolysaccharide could be considered a major hidden risk factor that provides a unifying mechanism to explain the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome and OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zeyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia Byers
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4