title: Vitamin D3 enhances bactericidal activity of macrophage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bioactive form of vitamin D3, i.e.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) vitamin D has been shown to modulate monocytes/macrophages physiology and its response against bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can most frequently be fatal in immunocompromised infected people.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the ex vivo effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on monocyte-derived macrophages function against P. aeruginosa infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA expression was significantly increased in infected and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated macrophages compared to controls (p<0.01). Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 markedly resulted in up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β production and down-regulation of IL-10 levels (respectively, p=0.029, p=0.048 and p=0.008). Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio (p<0.05) and slightly reduced intracellular bacterial development. Furthermore, the arginase activity, P. aeruginosa phagocytosis and killing were significantly increased in cells that were both infected and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated compared to the infected, but not 1,25(OH)2D3-treated macrophages (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show in this study that bioactive from of vitamin D [1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3)] can enhance M1 macrophage polarization and their bactericidal protective activity against P. aeruginosa. Future works would involve improving the treatment response through dose-dependent effect studies, both in ex vivo and in vivo models.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nouari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ysmail-Dahlouk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria. Electronic address: m_aribi@mail.univ-tlemcen.dz.
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aribi
mesh_terms: D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002117:Calcitriol
keywords: 1,25(OH)(2)D(3); Monocyte-derived macrophages; Pseudomonas aeruginosa