title: Extract of Ginkgo Biloba Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by either destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 DM) or unresponsiveness to insulin (type 2 DM). Conventional therapies for diabetes mellitus have been developed but still needs improvement. Many diabetic patients have complemented conventional therapy with alternative methods including oral supplementation of natural products. In this study, we assessed whether Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) 761 could provide beneficial effects in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM and high-fat diet-induced type 2 DM murine model system. For the type 1 DM model, streptozotocin-induced mice were orally administered EGb 761 for 10 days prior to streptozotocin injection and then again administered EGb 761 for an additional 10 days. Streptozotocin-treated mice administered EGb 761 exhibited lower blood triglyceride levels, lower blood glucose levels and higher blood insulin levels compared to streptozotocin-treated mice. Furthermore, liver LPL and liver PPAR-α were increased whereas IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in streptozotocin-injected mice treated with EGb 761 compared to mice injected with streptozotocin alone. For the type 2 DM model, mice were given high-fat diet for 60 days and then orally administered EGb 761 every other day for 80 days. We found that mice given a high-fat diet and EGb 761 showed decreased blood triglyceride levels, increased liver LPL, increased liver PPAR-α and decreased body weight compared to mice given high-fat diet alone. These results suggest that EGb 761 can exert protective effects in both type 1 and type 2 DM murine models.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju.
authors.forename: Ki-Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju.
authors.forename: Chang Gun
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University.
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3. College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyeon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gim
authors.affiliation: 3. College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University.
authors.forename: Hyun-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University ; 3. College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University.
authors.forename: Bae Dong
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
keywords: diabetes mellitus; extract of Gingko biloba; high-fat diet; streptozotocin