title: Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for the Treatment of Continent Catheterizable Ileal-colic Urinary Diversion Muscularis Overactivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continent catheterizable diversions can exhibit long-term complications such as high pressures and involuntary unit contractions within the urinary reservoir, rendering them similar to neurogenic bladders. Given the similarity of these issues to neurogenic detrusor overactivity, the use of Botox injections is a logical treatment option to explore.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with a contracted Indiana pouch continent catheterizable diversion was treated with intra-pouch Botox injections after failing maximal doses of oral anticholinergic medications. This patient underwent four consecutive percutaneous Botox pouch injections every 11-12 months under general anesthesia. Flexible cystoscope via the catch stoma was attempted first on the first two surgeries, but the scope could not reach the majority of the pouch. Thus, percutaneous access was obtained under fluoroscopic guidance, and the injections were performed through a suprapubic tube access sheath. Two hundred to four hundred units of Botox (stained with methylene blue) were visually injected in 20-40 separate injection sites. Of note, the initial dose used was 200 units and was increased to 300 units then 400 units on subsequent treatments to improve results and durability. After each round of Botox injections, the patient noted resolution of her symptoms. Postinjection urodynamic studies showed normal filling with no evidence of muscularis overactivity, even at high volumes of 600 cc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botox injections may be an excellent long-term treatment option for contracted continent catheterizable diversions, or at least used as a temporizing measure before surgical augmentation. Further studies are needed to verify the durability, complications, and long-term outcomes of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address: vraup@partners.org.
authors.forename: Valary T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Raup
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jairam R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eswara
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Brandes
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A