title: The Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Intraluminal Thrombus: Current Concepts of Development and Treatment.
abstract: The pathogenesis of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shows several hallmarks of atherosclerotic and atherothrombotic disease, but comprises an additional, predominant feature of proteolysis resulting in the degradation and destabilization of the aortic wall. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on AAA development, involving the accumulation of neutrophils in the intraluminal thrombus and their central role in creating an oxidative and proteolytic environment. Particular focus is placed on the controversial role of heme oxygenase 1/carbon monoxide and nitric oxide synthase/peroxynitrite, which may exert both protective and damaging effects in the development of the aneurysm. Treatment indications as well as surgical and pharmacological options for AAA therapy are discussed in light of recent reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piechota-Polanczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jozkowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eilenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Ihor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huk
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brostjan
keywords: abdominal; aortic aneurysm; heme oxygenase-1; intraluminal thrombus in aortic aneurysms; neutrophils; nitric oxide synthase