title: Workplace and security stressors and mental health among migrant workers on the Thailand-Myanmar border.
abstract: Migrant workers in low-resource settings may experience multiple types of workplace and security-related stressors. This study explores the relationship between these stressors and adverse mental health outcomes, through a study of migrant workers from Myanmar, working in agriculture, factory, and sex industries in and around Mae Sot, Thailand.
  
  
  
  Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit a total sample of 589 male and female migrants. Trained data collectors administered a survey, which included measures of workplace and security-related stressors, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Multivariate regression models were conducted separately for depression and anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  
  For male agricultural workers, security stressors (β = 1.9, p = .001) are associated with an increase in depression symptoms and coercive working conditions are associated with an increase in anxiety symptoms (β = .8, p = .000). For female agricultural workers, daily hassles and stressors were associated with both depression (β = 1.5, p = .000) and anxiety (β = .5, p = .027), and barriers to exit (β = 3.0, p = .005) and security stressors (β = .9, p = .010) were significantly associated with increased depression symptoms. In the factory subsample, sexual assault and abuse (depression: β = 2.7, p = .009; anxiety: β = 2.8, p = .002) and daily hassles and stressors (depression: β = .7, p = .007; anxiety: β = .7, p = .001) were both significantly associated with increased depression and anxiety symptoms for males. Other categories of stressors similarly showed different associations with mental health outcomes between occupational groups, and between male and female migrant workers.
  
  
  
  The differing influences of stressors on mental health between the three occupational groups, and between males and females, indicate the need for targeted and tailored approaches to reduce specific stressors and improve services to address mental health needs. Prevention and response need to recognize the differences in working conditions, vulnerabilities, and needs between occupational groups, and between male and female migrant workers.
authors.affiliation: Program on Forced Migration and Health, Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. sarah.r.meyer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Peter C Alderman Foundation, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Wietse A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tol
authors.affiliation: Independent Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abshir
authors.affiliation: Social Action for Women, Mae Sot, Thailand.
authors.forename: Aye Aye
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mar
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.|Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: W Courtland
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002052:Myanmar; D012307:Risk Factors; D012637:Security Measures; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D013785:Thailand; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Mental health; Migration; Myanmar; Stressors; Thailand