title: [Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers - Reproductive and developmental toxicity].
abstract: Both ethylene and propylene glycol alkyl ethers (EGAEs and PGAEs, respectively) are widely used, mainly as solvents, in industrial and household products. Some EGAEs demonstrate gonadotoxic, embriotoxic, fetotoxic and teratogenic effects in both humans and experimental animals. Due to the noxious impact of these ethers on reproduction and development of organisms EGAEs are replaced for considerably less toxic PGAEs. The data on the mechanisms of testicular, embriotoxic, fetotoxic and teratogenic effects of EGAEs are presented in this paper. Our particular attention was focused on the metabolism of some EGAEs and their organ-specific toxicities, apoptosis of spermatocytes associated with changes in the expression of various genes that code for oxidative stress factors, protein kinases and nuclear hormone receptors.
authors.affiliation: Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego / Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Zakład Biochemii Toksykologicznej / Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Toxicology). beata.starek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Starek-Świechowicz
authors.affiliation: Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego / Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Wydział Farmaceutyczny, Zakład Biochemii Toksykologicznej / Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Toxicology).
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starek
mesh_terms: D004987:Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006803:Human Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055703:Reproductive Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004987:Ethers; D012997:Solvents; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D019855:Ethylene Glycol
keywords: apoptosis; developmental toxicity; ethylene glycol ethers; mechanisms of toxicity; propylene glycol ethers; reproductive toxicity