title: Primary Tumors of the Foot and Ankle.
abstract: Tumors of the foot and ankle are rarely encountered in the general patient population. Even among studies of tumor patients, foot and ankle neoplasms are uncommon. Given the weight-bearing demands of the foot and its relatively small area, even small masses are likely to be symptomatic and/or palpable to both patient and physician. Only 3% of osseous neoplasms are found in this region, while 8% of benign soft tissue tumors and 5% of malignant soft tissue tumors are localized to the foot and ankle. Despite the rarity of presentation, it is important for orthopaedic surgeons to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for these patients, as each tumor varies in its presentation, level of aggressiveness, and natural history of the disease. With appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment, patients can anticipate a reasonable chance of survival and preservation of function. In this review article, the authors survey the current literature regarding the presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment for the most common benign and malignant tumors of the foot and ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV: Literature Review.
authors.affiliation: Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM) kennedyj@hss.edu.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM).
authors.forename: Keir A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM).
authors.forename: Niall A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM).
authors.forename: MaCalus V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York (JGK, KAR, NAS)University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (MVH, CDM).
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Murawski
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: ankle; bone neoplasm; foot; primary tumor; soft tissue neoplasm