title: microRNA Function Is Limited to Cytokine Control in the Acute Response to Virus Infection.
abstract: With the capacity to fine-tune protein expression via sequence-specific interactions, microRNAs (miRNAs) help regulate cell maintenance and differentiation. While some studies have also implicated miRNAs as regulators of the antiviral response, others have found that the RISC complex that facilitates miRNA-mediated silencing is rendered nonfunctional during cellular stress, including virus infection. To determine the global role of miRNAs in the cellular response to virus infection, we generated a vector that rapidly eliminates total cellular miRNA populations in terminally differentiated primary cultures. Loss of miRNAs has a negligible impact on both innate sensing of and immediate response to acute viral infection. In contrast, miRNA depletion specifically enhances cytokine expression, providing a posttranslational mechanism for immune cell activation during cellular stress. This work highlights the physiological role of miRNAs during the antiviral response and suggests their contribution is limited to chronic infections and the acute activation of the adaptive immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Aguado
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and System Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jaehee V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: benjamin.tenoever@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: tenOever
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D035683:MicroRNAs