title: Smokeless tobacco consumption impedes metabolic, cellular, apoptotic and systemic stress pattern: A study on Government employees in Kolkata, India.
abstract: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) remains a threat amongst a large population across the globe and particularly in India. The oral use of tobacco has been implicated to cause physiological stress leading to extreme toxicological challenge. The study included 47 SLT-users and 44 non-users providing a spectrum of pathophysiological, clinico-biochemical, antioxidant parameters, cell cycle progression study of PBMC and morphological changes of red blood cells (RBC). The expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, IL-6, TNF- α, Cox-2, iNOS were analyzed from thirteen representative SLT-users and twelve non-users. Difference in CRP, random glucose, serum cholesterol, TG, HLDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, neutrophil count, monocyte count, ESR, SOD (PBMC) and TBARS (RBC membrane) were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the studied groups. The current study confers crucial insight into SLT mediated effects on systemic toxicity and stress. This has challenged the metabolic condition leading to a rise in the inflammatory status, increased apoptosis and RBC membrane damage. The above findings were substantiated with metabolic, clinical and biochemical parameters. This is possibly the first ever in-depth report and remains an invaluable document on the fatal effects of SLT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sushobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Krishnendu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Ujjal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Aaveri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Surajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700 108, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sanjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human