title: Metal concentrations in hair of patients with various head and neck cancers as a diagnostic aid.
abstract: Head and neck cancers are one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. This paper attempts to evaluate disturbances of homeostasis of the necessary elements (calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese) and changes in the levels of toxic metals (lead, cadmium, cobalt, chromium VI) in hair of patients with head and neck cancers, as well as people without a diagnosed neoplastic disease. In order to quantify the necessary elements and toxic metals, a method using ICP-MS and ICP-OES techniques had been developed and validated. The studies have shown that patients with head and neck cancer used to drink alcohol and smoked much more frequently than healthy individuals, both in the past and presently. Statistically significant differences in concentrations of average metal content in the group of patients with head and neck cancers compared to the control group were confirmed. Significant differences in metal content between the group of patients with head and neck cancers and healthy individuals were found which enabled distinguishing between the study groups. To this end, a more advanced statistical tool, i.e. chemometrics, was used. The conducted research analyses and the use of advanced statistical techniques confirm the benefits of using alternative material to distinguish the patients with head and neck cancers from the healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napierala
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golasik
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walas
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.|Laboratory of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Regional Laboratory of Physicochemical Analysis and Structural Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piekoszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szyfter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szyfter
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Golusinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Trace Elements Analysis by Spectroscopic Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baralkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631, Poznan, Poland. eflorek@ump.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Florek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002104:Cadmium / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D002857:Chromium / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D003035:Cobalt / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D003035:Cobalt
keywords: Hair; Head and neck cancers; Necessary elements; Stimulants; Toxic metals