title: Acute splenic responses in patients with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Animal models provide evidence of spleen mediated post-stroke activation of the peripheral immune system. Translation of these findings to stroke patients requires estimation of pre-stroke spleen volume along with quantification of its day-to-day variation. We enrolled a cohort of 158 healthy volunteers and measured their spleen volume over the course of five consecutive days. We also enrolled a concurrent cohort of 158 stroke patients, measured initial spleen volume within 24 h of stroke symptom onset followed by daily assessments. Blood samples for cytokine analysis were collected from a subset of patients. Using data from healthy volunteers, we fit longitudinal quantile regression models to construct gender and body surface area based normograms of spleen volume. We quantified day-to-day variation and defined splenic contraction. Based on our criteria, approximately 40% of stroke patients experienced substantial post-stroke reduction in splenic volume. African Americans, older patients, and patients with past history of stroke have significantly higher odds of post-stroke splenic contraction. All measured cytokine levels were elevated in patients with splenic contraction, with significant differences for interferon gamma, interleukin 6, 10, 12, and 13. Our work provides reference standards for further work, validation of pre-clinical findings, and characterization of patients with post-stroke splenic contraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA Farhaan.Vahidy@uth.tmc.edu.
authors.forename: Farhaan S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vahidy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kaushik N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Parsha
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: MinJae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Thanh-Tung
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Arvind B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bambhroliya
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahota
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aronowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Program, The University of Texas Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sean I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Savitz
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Acute stroke; brain ischemia; cerebrovascular disease; immunology; intracerebral hemorrhage