title: Promoting Physical Activity With the Out of School Nutrition and Physical Activity (OSNAP) Initiative: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Millions of children attend after-school programs in the United States. Increasing physical activity levels of program participants could have a broad effect on children's health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the effectiveness of the Out of School Nutrition and Physical Activity (OSNAP) Initiative in increasing children's physical activity levels in existing after-school programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster-randomized controlled trial with matched program pairs. Baseline data were collected September 27 through November 12, 2010, with follow-up data collected April 25 through May 27, 2011. The dates of our analysis were March 11, 2014, through August 18, 2015. The setting was 20 after-school programs in Boston, Massachusetts. All children 5 to 12 years old in participating programs were eligible for study inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten programs participated in a series of three 3-hour learning collaborative workshops, with additional optional opportunities for training and technical assistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in number of minutes and bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and sedentary activity and change in total accelerometer counts between baseline and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with complete data were 402 racially/ethnically diverse children, with a mean age of 7.7 years. Change in the duration of physical activity opportunities offered to children during program time did not differ between conditions (-1.2 minutes; 95% CI, -14.2 to 12.4 minutes; P = .87). Change in moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes accumulated by children during program time did not differ significantly by intervention status (-1.0; 95% CI, -3.3 to 1.3; P = .40). Total minutes per day of vigorous physical activity (3.2; 95% CI, 1.8-4.7; P < .001), vigorous physical activity minutes in bouts (4.1; 95% CI, 2.7-5.6; P < .001), and total accelerometer counts per day (16,894; 95% CI, 5101-28,686; P = .01) increased significantly during program time among intervention participants compared with control participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although programs participating in the OSNAP Initiative did not allot significantly more time for physical activity, they successfully made existing time more vigorously active for children receiving the intervention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01396473.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Angie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cradock
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rebekka M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts2currently with the Frances McClelland Institute for Children, Youth, and Families, The University of Arizona, Tucson.
authors.forename: Madeleine E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: deBlois
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gortmaker
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D009043:Motor Activity; D012572:School Health Services; D012574:Schools