title: Rapid determination of 88 veterinary drug residues in milk using automated TurborFlow online clean-up mode coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A novel method based on TurborFlow online solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been established for simultaneous screening and confirmation of 88 wide-range veterinary drugs belonging to eight families (20 sulfonamides, 7 macrolides, 15 quinolones, 8 penicillins, 13 benzimidazoles, 4 tetracyclines, 2 sedatives, and 19 hormones) in milk. The preparation method consists of sample dilution and ultrasonic extraction, followed by an automated turbulent flow cyclone chromatography sample clean-up system. The detection was achieved in selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). The total run time was within 39 min, including automated extraction, analytical chromatography and re-equilibration of the turboflow system. The optimization of different experimental parameters including extraction, purification, separation, and detection were evaluated separately in this study. The developed method was validated and good performing characteristics were obtained. The linear regression coefficients (R(2)) of matrix-match calibration standard curves established for quantification were higher than 0.9930. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.2-2.0 μg/kg given by signal-noise ratio ≥3 (S/N) and the limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N≥10) ranged between 0.5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg. Average recoveries of spiked target compounds with different levels were between 63.1% and 117.4%, with percentage relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 3.3-17.6%. The results indicated that the developed method has great potential for the routine laboratory analysis of large numbers of samples on measuring different classes of compounds. In comparison to traditional procedures, the automated sample clean-up ensures rapid, effective, sensitive analyses of veterinary drugs in milk.
authors.affiliation: Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Wei-xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China. Electronic address: jizhouyang@163.com.
authors.forename: Ji-zhou
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Cai-juan
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Ya-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057205:Automation, Laboratory / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs
keywords: Automated online clean-up; Mass spectrometry; Milk; Multi-residue analysis; TurborFlow online solid phase extraction; Veterinary drugs