title: The effect of leptin concentrations and other maternal characteristics on gestational weight gain is different according to pre-gestational BMI: results from a prospective cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of leptin and other selected variables on gestational weight gain (GWG) according to pre-gestational body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public Health Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-eight pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were followed at the 5-13, 20-26 and 30-36th gestational weeks. The effects of independent variables on GWG in normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) ), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) ) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m(2) ) women were assessed using longitudinal linear mixed-effects models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal body weight (kg) throughout pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin concentrations were associated with GWG in normal weight (β = 0.048, P < 0.001) and overweight (β = 0.023, P = 0.048) women, but not in obese ones (β = 0.011, P = 0.308). Additionally, the number of hours slept per night decreased the effect of leptin on GWG in OW women (β = -0.013, P = 0.002). The effect of other maternal characteristics on GWG was different depending on the BMI category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin concentrations were positively associated with GWG in normal weight and overweight women, but not in obese ones. Maternal height was associated with GWG in all BMI categories, but other variables such as sleep duration, QUICKI values, HDL-c, smoking habit and marital status presented differential effects according to BMI. We encourage further studies to investigate the association between leptin and gestational weight gain, taking into account the pre-pregnancy weight and sleep duration, in order to compare and confirm our results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin is associated with weight gain in normal weight and overweight pregnant women, but not in obese ones.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Franco-Sena
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tjp
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. gilberto.kac@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kac
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056865:Ideal Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin
keywords: Leptin; pregnancy; sleep duration; weight gain