title: Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation D2 flexion and breathing exercises on lymphedema without a short stretch compression bandage.
abstract: [Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) D2 flexion and breathing exercises in a patient with lymphedema (LE). [Subject] This report describes a 57-year-old woman with LE in whom a short-stretch compression bandage (SSCB) could not be used for treatment because of skin itching and redness. [Methods] The patient received complex decongestive therapy without a SSCB. Next, PNF D2 flexion and breathing exercises were conducted three times per week for 14 weeks (36 times). [Results] As a result, the circumference of the armpit was reduced by 0.5 cm; that of 10 cm above the elbow, by 1 cm; that of the elbow, by 0.5 cm; that of 10 cm below the elbow, by 1 cm; and that of the back of the hand, by 0.5 cm. A total of 100 mL (9.4%) of body water was eliminated from the right upper extremity, and moisture ratio was reduced by 0.005%. Finally, range of motion was improved to 20° flexion, 60° abduction, 40° external rotation, and 10° internal rotation. [Conclusion] This study showed that PNF D2 flexion and breathing exercises were effective in reducing LE and improving range of motion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woon Taek
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sin Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Sung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Taikon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Breathing exercise; Lymphedema; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation