title: Reproductive Factors Predicting Angiographic Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: The KoRean wOmen'S Chest Pain rEgistry (KoROSE).
abstract: Whether reproductive factors are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been debated. The aim of this study was to investigate etiologic associations of a wide range of reproductive factors of women with the presence of angiographic obstructive CAD.
  
  
  
  Study data were obtained from a nationwide registry that enrolled 687 Korean women (59.9 ± 11.4 years) with chest pain undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% luminal stenosis of one or more epicardial coronary arteries in ICA. Information on reproductive history, including ages at menarche and menopause, duration of reproductive capacity, number of pregnancies, hormonal replacement therapy, and history of twin pregnancy, was obtained using a standardized questionnaire.
  
  
  
  A total of 178 women (25.9%) had obstructive CAD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that later age at menarche (odds ratio [OR] = 1.265, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.064-1.504, p = 0.008, per year) and increased number of pregnancies (OR = 1.223, 95% CI = 1.026-1.457, p = 0.025, per pregnancy) were the independent predictors of obstructive CAD even after controlling for potential confounders, including age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal function, high-density lipoprotein level, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and E/e'.
  
  
  
  Later age at menarche and increased number of pregnancies may be reproductive risk factors for angiographic obstructive CAD, suggesting the important role of hormonal status in the development of CAD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hack-Lyoung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wan-Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: 3 Gachon Medical School Gil Medical Center , Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Seung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 4 Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 5 Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: 6 Ewha Womans University Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gil Ja
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 7 Kangnam CHA Hospital , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yunkyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 8 Hallym University Medical Center , Seoul and Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 8 Hallym University Medical Center , Seoul and Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 9 Kosin University Gospel Hospital , Pusan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Im
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017584:Reproductive History; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL