title: Cognitive Dysfunction, Delirium, and Stroke in Cardiac Surgery Patients.
abstract: Neurologic injury in the form of cognitive decline, delirium, and stroke are common phenomena in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and continues to be one of the most common complication after cardiac surgery, in spite of improvements in mortality and and improved surgical and anesthetic techniques. These complications lead to a significant increase in length of stay in the intensive care unit, increased length of hospital admission, and functional impairment, resulting in not only profound negative effects on patients who experience these complications, but also to increased costs of medical care and delivery. We discuss each of these complications in regard to their risks factors, incidence, potential therapeutic modalities, and relevant intraoperative and postoperative considerations.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cropsey
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA jason.d.kennedy@Vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Pratik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandharipande
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003693:Delirium / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: brain injury; cardiac anesthesia; cardiac surgery; cardiopulmonary bypass surgery; cerebral metabolism; critical care; elderly patients; inflammation; near-infrared spectroscopy