title: Incidence and risk factors of injuries in Brazilian elite handball players: A prospective cohort study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for handball injuries in Brazilian elite handball players. Overall, 339 athletes from 21 handball teams who participated in the two main Brazilian championships were followed up during a season. In total, 312 injuries were reported by 201 athletes. The injury incidence rate during training was 3.7/1000 h, and during matches was 20.3/1000 matches. Ankle (19.4%, n = 46) and knee (13.5%, n = 32) were the body regions most affected by traumatic injuries. Shoulders (44.0%, n = 33) and knee (26.7%, n = 20) were the body regions most affected by overuse injuries. Muscle injuries (27.1%, n = 68) was the traumatic injury type most reported. Tendinopathy (91.8%, n = 56) was the overuse injury type most observed. Previous injury (OR: 2.42, CI 95%: 1.51-3.89) and an additional match per week (OR: 1.31, CI 95%: 1.05-1.62) were associated with a higher risk of overuse injury. Female athletes (OR: 1.56, CI 95%: 1.08-2.25) and an additional hour of training per week (OR: 1.09, CI 95%: 1.02-1.15) were associated with a higher risk of traumatic injury. This study showed that athletes with previous injury have shown a high risk of developing an overuse injury.
authors.affiliation: Master's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giroto
authors.affiliation: Master's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hespanhol Junior
authors.affiliation: Master's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R C
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Master's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A D
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-985X
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056352:Athletes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Athletes; lesion; longitudinal study; musculo-skeletal