title: Mindfulness for personality disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Third-wave cognitive-behaviour therapies such as dialectical behaviour therapy have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of personality disorders, which are considered difficult to treat. These therapies typically incorporate some component of mindfulness practice. The current study examines current applications and effectiveness of mindfulness to the treatment of personality disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of evidence available focuses on borderline personality disorder, and highlights positive associations between mindfulness practice and reduced psychiatric and clinical symptoms, less emotional reactivity, and less impulsivity. Fewer studies examine the other personality disorders, though emerging case studies have applied mindfulness techniques to treatment with antisocial, avoidant, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mindfulness is a promising clinical tool for the treatment of personality disorders, and appears to be adaptable to the unique features of different types of personality disorders. However, further empirical research with greater methodological rigour is required to clarify the effectiveness of mindfulness as a specific skill component, and to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to therapeutic change.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Adelln A H
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sng
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janca
mesh_terms: D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003193:Compulsive Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D064866:Mindfulness; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*