title: The Maltreatment-Offending Association: A Systematic Review of the Methodological Features of Prospective and Longitudinal Studies.
abstract: Although the association between childhood maltreatment and the subsequent development of offending behavior is well documented, the association does not necessarily reflect a causal relationship. This paper provides a systematic review of prospective and longitudinal studies using official records of maltreatment to gain insights into the extent to which methodological variations are likely to influence the conclusions drawn about the likely relationship between maltreatment and offending. Sixty-two original studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed according to a set of seven methodological criteria: (1) inclusion of comparison groups, (2) the use of statistical controls, (3) valid outcome measures, (4) operationalization of maltreatment, (5) proper temporal order of associations, (6) data relating to unsubstantiated maltreatment, and (7) consideration of mediating and moderating factors. The strength of evidence in support of the maltreatment-offending association was influenced by a number of methodological factors. Despite the increasing sophistication of studies, there is a need to be mindful of how these factors are taken into account in future research in order to gain a deeper understanding of the adverse consequences of maltreatment and how this might influence outcomes and inform interventions.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Catia Gaetana
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Malvaso
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delfabbro
authors.affiliation: 2 Deakin University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000066479:Criminal Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: child abuse; criminology; cultural contexts; neglect