title: Surface treatment influences electrochemical stability of cpTi exposed to mouthwashes.
abstract: The role of surface treatment on the electrochemical behavior of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) exposed to mouthwashes was tested. Seventy-five disks were divided into 15 groups according to surface treatment (machined, sand blasted with Al2O3, and acid etched) and electrolyte solution (artificial saliva — control, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.2% sodium fluoride, and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide) (n = 5). Open-circuit-potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted at baseline and after 7 and 14 days of immersion in each solution. Potentiodynamic test and total weight loss of disks were performed after 14 days of immersion. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, white light interferometry and profilometry were conducted for surface characterization before and after the electrochemical tests. Sandblasting promoted the lowest polarization resistance (Rp) (P b .0001) and the highest capacitance (CPE) (P b .006), corrosion current density (Icorr) and corrosion rate (P b .0001). In contrast, acid etching increased Rp and reduced CPE, independent to the mouthwash; while hydrogen peroxide reduced Rp (P b .008) and increased Icorr and corrosion rate (P b .0001). The highest CPE values were found for hydrogen peroxide and 0.2% sodium fluoride. Immersion for longer period improved the electrochemical stability of cpTi (P b .05). In conclusion, acid etching enhanced the electrochemical stability of cpTi. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium fluoride reduced the resistance to corrosion of cpTi, independent to the surface treatment. Chlorhexidine gluconate and cetylpyridinium chloride did not alter the corrosive behavior of cpTi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil; IBTN/Br - Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, Brazilian Branch, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beline
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil; IBTN/Br - Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, Brazilian Branch, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella S V
authors.initials: ISV
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil; IBTN/Br - Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, Brazilian Branch, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adaias O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; IBTN - Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, USA.
authors.forename: Cortino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sukotjo
authors.affiliation: IBTN - Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Mathew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Consani
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil; IBTN/Br - Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, Brazilian Branch, Brazil. Electronic address: vbarao@unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Valentim A R
authors.initials: VAR
authors.lastname: Barão
mesh_terms: D003343:Corrosion; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Corrosion; Hydrogen peroxide; Mouthwashes; Sodium fluoride; Surface treatment; Titanium