title: Preparation of graphene thin films for radioactive samples.
abstract: A new method for the preparation of conductive thin films is presented. The metallization of VYNS films guarantees the electrical conductivity but it results in the breaking of a high proportion of them. Graphene, a two-dimensional nanostructure of monolayer or few layers graphite has attracted a great deal of attention because of its excellent properties such as a good chemical stability, mechanical resistance and extraordinary electronic transport properties. In this work, the possibilities of graphene have been explored as a way to produce electrical conductive thin films without an extra metallization process. The procedure starts with preparing homogenous suspensions of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in conventional VYNS solutions. Ultra-sonication is used to ensure a good dispersibility of rGO. Graphene oxide (GO) is prepared via oxidation of graphite and subsequent exfoliation by sonication. Different chemically rGO were obtained by reaction with hydrazine sulfate, sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid and hydroiodic acid as reducing agents. The preparation of the thin graphene films is done in a similar way as the conventional VYNS foil preparation procedure. Drops of the solution are deposited onto water. The graphene films have been used to prepare sources containing some electron capture radionuclides ((109)Cd, (55)Fe, (139)Ce) with an activity in the order of 3kBq. The samples have been measured to test the attainable low energy electron efficiency and the energy resolution of Auger and conversion electrons by 4π (electron capture)-γ coincidence measurements. The 4π (electron capture)-γ coincidence setup includes a pressurized proportional counter and a NaI(Tl) detector. Tests with different pressures up to 1000kPa were carried out. All these tests show similar values in both parameters (efficiency and resolution) as those obtained by using the conventional metallized films without the drawback of the high percentage of broken films.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT (Spain), Spain. Electronic address: miguel.roteta@ciemat.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roteta
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Espectroscopía, CIEMAT (Spain), Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT (Spain), Spain.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mejuto
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Espectroscopía, CIEMAT (Spain), Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rucandio
keywords: Graphene; Radioactive source; Source preparation