title: Assessment of arterial stiffness from pedal artery Korotkoff sound recordings: feasibility and potential utility.
abstract: Brachial artery (BA) Korotkoff sound (KS) timing reflects arterial stiffness. We recorded pedal artery (PA) KS in 68 healthy subjects using an electronic stethoscope and electrocardiography. Intervals between QRS complex of the electrocardiogram and KS waveform peaks (termed the QKD interval) were measured for 60 seconds, averaged, and QKD velocity (v) calculated. Carotid-BA and carotid-PA pulse wave velocities (PWVs) were measured by applanation tonometry. Analyzable KS recordings were obtained from BA and PA in 100% and 92% subjects. PA QKDv decreased less than BA QKDv with progressive cuff inflation. At diastolic blood pressure + 20 mm Hg (maximal yield), BA QKDv was independently associated with weight and pulse pressure, whereas PA QKDv was related to weight and age. PA QKDv correlated with its corresponding PWV stronger than BA QKDv. In conclusion, PA KS is optimally recorded at diastolic blood pressure + 20 mm Hg; PA QKDv is correlated with age and better correlates with PWV than does BA QKDv. This technique may provide a simple arterial stiffness measure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ihsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Arismendy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Faraz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Harsh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Navneet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naggar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salciccioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. Electronic address: jason.lazar@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Electronic stethoscope; QKD; pulse wave velocity