title: Exercise and diabetes: relevance and causes for response variability.
abstract: Exercise as a key prevention strategy for diabetes and obesity is commonly accepted and recommended throughout the world. Unfortunately, not all individuals profit to the same extent, some exhibit exercise resistance. This phenomenon of non-response to exercise is found for several endpoints, including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Since these non-responders are of notable quantity, there is the need to understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify predictors of response. This displays the basis to develop personalized training intervention regimes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on response variability, with focus on human studies and improvement of glucose homeostasis as outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.|Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.|Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weigert
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.|Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Staiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. hans-ulrich.haering@med.uni-tuebingen.de.|Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. hans-ulrich.haering@med.uni-tuebingen.de.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany. hans-ulrich.haering@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D057285:Precision Medicine
keywords: Adverse response to exercise; Exercise resistance; Glucose homeostasis; Glucose tolerance; Insulin sensitivity; Lifestyle intervention; Non-response