title: Incidence of Early Postpartum Voiding Dysfunction in Primiparae: Comparison Between Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence of early postpartum voiding dysfunction (PPVD) in primiparae women delivered vaginally (VD) to those delivered by elective Caesarean section (CS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of primiparae in early postpartum period, were grouped into: VD group and CS group. Following the first 24 h from delivery, patients had uroflowmetry and post-void residual urine (PVR) volume measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and fifty six primiparae women recruited; 204 (81%) had VD and 48 (19%) had primary elective CS. Forty-two women in the VD group (20.2%) diagnosed with PPVD compared to only four (8.3%) in the CS group (P = 0.05). Within VD group, women who had vaginal tear (86.4% vs. 44%, P < 0.001) or epidural analgesia (33.3% vs. 18.1%, P < 0.05) experienced higher incidence of PPVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who had normal VD are at higher risk of transient PPVD than those delivered by CS during their early postpartum period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Mandeel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Women's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Badr
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghadeer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Al-Shaikh
keywords: elective Caesarean section; postpartum; primiparae; voiding dysfunction