title: Effect of Nordic Walking training on iron metabolism in elderly women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite several, well-documented pro-healthy effects of regular physical training, its influence on body iron stores in elderly people remains unknown. At the same time, body iron accumulation is associated with high risk of different morbidities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that Nordic Walking training would result in pro-healthy changes in an elderly group of subjects by reducing body iron stores via shifts in iron metabolism-regulating proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven women aged 67.7±5.3 years participated in this study. They underwent 32 weeks of training, 1-hour sessions three times a week, between October 2012 and May 2013. Fitness level, blood morphology, CRP, vitamin D, ferritin, hepcidin, and soluble Hjv were assessed before and after the training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The training program caused a significant decrease in ferritin, which serves as a good marker of body iron stores. Simultaneously, the physical cardiorespiratory fitness had improved. Furthermore, blood hepcidin was positively correlated with the ferritin concentration after the training. The concentration of blood CRP dropped, but the change was nonsignificant. The applied training resulted in a blood Hjv increase, which was inversely correlated with the vitamin D concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall the Nordic Walking training applied in elderly people significantly reduced blood ferritin concentration, which explains the observed decrease in body iron stores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Recreation and Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kortas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Basis of Health, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prusik
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flis
authors.affiliation: Department of Recreation and Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prusik
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziemann
authors.affiliation: The Immunosuppression monitoring service (IMS) Laboratory, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leaver
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Jedrzej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antosiewicz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D064451:Hepcidins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron
keywords: anti-aging; ferritin; hemojuvelin; hepcidin; vitamin D