title: Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia in Early Adulthood Associate With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity affects the majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but previous studies are inconsistent about the prevalence of obesity and the importance of weight gain in the development of the syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to explore the association between weight, weight gain, hyperandrogenism, and PCOS from adolescence to late adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study includes a prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study including 5889 females born in 1966 and followed at the ages of 14, 31, and 46 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting was the general community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women presenting both oligo/amenorrhea (OA) and hirsutism (H) at age 31 (N = 125) or with formally diagnosed PCOS by age 46 (N = 181) were compared with women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1577).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI), weight change through life, waist circumference, Free Androgen Index, lipids, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and PCOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with OA+H at age 31 or diagnosis of PCOS by age 46 had the highest BMI at all ages compared with the controls. Increase of BMI between ages 14 and 31, but not between 31 and 46, was greater in women with isolated OA (P = .006), OA+H (P = .001), and diagnosis of PCOS (P = .001) compared with controls. In the multivariate analysis, PCOS was significantly associated with BMI at all ages (BMI at age 31: odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.10], Free Androgen Index (OR = 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03-1.14]), serum levels of insulin (OR = 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09]), and triglycerides (OR = 1.48 [95% CI, 1.08-2.03]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms or diagnosis of PCOS are associated with dyslipidemia, hyperandrogenemia, and significantly increased weight gain, especially in early adulthood. This observation is important because it may identify a sensitive time period when weight gain plays a crucial role in the emergence of PCOS and when preventive actions against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases should be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Meri-Maija E
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ollila
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Terhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piltonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puukka
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Aimo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Juha S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tapanainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.-M.E.O., T.P., J.S.T., L.M.-P.), University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO (Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology) Research Unit, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; NordLab Oulu (K.P., A.R.), Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, FI-90029, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.-R.J.), Medical Research Council-PHE (Public Health England) Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom W2 1PG; Center for Life Course Epidemiology (M.-R.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Biocenter Oulu (M.-R.J.), University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; Unit of Primary Care (M.-R.J.), University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.S.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (S.F.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom W12 ONN.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morin-Papunen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides