title: Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway.
abstract: Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) combined with He-Ne laser irradiation is a novel and promising photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced apoptosis that can be applied in vitro on canine breast cancer cells. However, the exact pathway responsible for HMME-PDT in canine breast cancer cells remains unknown. CHMm cells morphology and apoptosis were analyzed using optical microscope, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling fluorescein staining and DNA ladder assays. Apoptotic pathway was further confirmed by Real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays. Our results showed that HMME-PDT induced significant changes in cell morphology, such as formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and the gradual rounding of cells coupled with decreased size and detachment. DNA fragmentation and cell death was shown to occur in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, HMME-PDT increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and released cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. HMME-PDT also significantly increased both mRNA and protein levels of Bax and decreased P53 gene expression in a time-dependent manner, while the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were repressed. These alterations suggest that HMME-PDT induced CHMm cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and had anti-canine breast cancer effects in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.|Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Huatao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada.
authors.forename: Damu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Wenru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006371:Helium; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007834:Lasers; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009356:Neon; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C494379:hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether; D006371:Helium; D009356:Neon; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: CHMm cells; apoptosis; hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether; mitochondrial pathway; promising photodynamic therapy