title: Genome-wide association study of dental caries in the Hispanic Communities Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
abstract: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease worldwide, and exhibits profound disparities in the USA with racial and ethnic minorities experiencing disproportionate disease burden. Though heritable, the specific genes influencing risk of dental caries remain largely unknown. Therefore, we performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) for dental caries in a population-based cohort of 12 000 Hispanic/Latino participants aged 18-74 years from the HCHS/SOL. Intra-oral examinations were used to generate two common indices of dental caries experience which were tested for association with 27.7 M genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms separately in the six ancestry groups. A mixed-models approach was used, which adjusted for age, sex, recruitment site, five principal components of ancestry and additional features of the sampling design. Meta-analyses were used to combine GWAS results across ancestry groups. Heritability estimates ranged from 20-53% in the six ancestry groups. The most significant association observed via meta-analysis for both phenotypes was in the region of the NAMPT gene (rs190395159; P-value = 6 × 10(-10)), which is involved in many biological processes including periodontal healing. Another significant association was observed for rs72626594 (P-value = 3 × 10(-8)) downstream of BMP7, a tooth development gene. Other associations were observed in genes lacking known or plausible roles in dental caries. In conclusion, this was the largest GWAS of dental caries, to date and was the first to target Hispanic/Latino populations. Understanding the factors influencing dental caries susceptibility may lead to improvements in prediction, prevention and disease management, which may ultimately reduce the disparities in oral health across racial, ethnic and socioeconomic strata.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Cathy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Laurie
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marazita
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology and.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Offenbacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Department of Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York City, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Conomos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Cecelia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Laurie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98077, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA and.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry and School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60162, USA.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology and.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA, john.r.shaffer@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shaffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003151:Community Health Centers; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide