title: A Protein-Corona-Free T(1)-T(2) Dual-Modal Contrast Agent for Accurate Imaging of Lymphatic Tumor Metastasis.
abstract: Precise nodal staging is particularly important to guide the treatments and determine the prognosis for cancer patients. However, it is still challenging to noninvasively and precisely detect in-depth tumor metastasis in lymph nodes (LNs) because of the small size and high potential of obtaining pseudopositive results. Herein, we report the rational design of a T1-T2 dual-modal MRI contrast agent for accurate imaging of tumor metastasis in LNs using gadolinium-embedded iron oxide nanoplates (GdIOP). The GdIOP were modulated with suitable size in vivo through surface functionalization by zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate (ZDS) molecules. The efficient uptake of GdIOP@ZDS nanoparticles through drainage effect because of the presence of large amount of macrophages and dendritic cells generates both T1 and T2 contrasts in LNs. In contrast, the low uptake of protein-corona-free GdIOP@ZDS nanoparticles by melanoma B16 tumor cells promises pseudocontrast imaging of potential tumor metastasis in LNs. The combination of T1 and T2 imaging modalities allows self-confirmed detection of a metastatic tumor with about 1.2 mm in the minimal dimension in LNs, which is close to the detection limit of submilimeter level of MRI scans. This study provides an efficient and noninvasive strategy to detect tumor metastasis in LNs with greatly enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Hanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361004, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Jiahe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Chengjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Jinhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; C030581:gadolinium oxide; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: T1−T2 dual-modal; accuracy; lymph node; protein-corona-free; tumor metastasis