title: A randomised controlled trial of a code-word enuresis alarm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare a novel code-word alarm with a commercially available wireless alarm for treating enuresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary paediatric centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 6-18 with at least 3 wet nights per week in the previous 6 months referred by doctors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary outcome: the proportion who achieved a full response (14 consecutive dry nights) by 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes: change in frequency of wetting, duration of alarm training, percentage of wet nights that the child woke to the alarm, adherence to treatment, adverse events and satisfaction with treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 353 participants, 176 were assigned to the code-word alarm and 177 to control. At 16 weeks, 54% (95% CI 47% to 61%) in the experimental group and 47% (95% CI 40% to 55%) in the control group had achieved a full response (p=0.22), with 74% and 66%, respectively, attaining a 50% or more reduction in wetting frequency (p=0.14). The experimental group woke more often than the control group (median percentage of waking 88% vs 77%, p=0.003) and had a greater reduction in wet nights (median reduction of 10 vs 9 nights per fortnight). Fewer in the experimental group discontinued therapy before achieving a full response (27% vs 37% discontinued, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in relapse rates at 6 months, adverse events or satisfaction between the two alarms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the code-word alarm increased waking, no difference in full response rates was demonstrated between the two alarms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN12609000070235.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrina H Y
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Premala
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sureshkumar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Marianne I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Pinto
authors.affiliation: Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macaskill
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D056902:Clinical Alarms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
keywords: Enuresis; General Paediatrics