title: In-car usage-based insurance feedback strategies. A comparative driving simulator study.
abstract: Usage-Based Insurances (UBI) enable policyholders to actively reduce the impact of vehicle insurance costs by adopting a safer and more eco-friendly driving style. UBI is especially relevant for younger drivers, who are a high-risk population. The effectiveness of UBI should be enhanced by providing in-car feedback optimised for individual drivers. Thirty young novice drivers were therefore invited to complete six experimental drives with an in-car interface that provided real-time information on rewards gained, their driving behaviour and the speed limit. Reward size was either displayed directly in euro, indirectly as a relatively large amount of credits, or as a percentage of the maximum available bonus. Also, interfaces were investigated that provided partial information to reduce the potential for driver distraction. Compared to a control no-UBI condition, behaviour improved similarly across interfaces, suggesting that interface personalisation after an initial familiarisation period could be feasible without compromising feedback effectiveness. Practitioner Summary: User experiences and effects on driving behaviour of six in-car interfaces were compared. The interface provided information on driving behaviour and rewards in a UBI setting. Results suggest that some personalisation of interfaces may be an option after an initial familiarisation period as driving behaviour improved similarly across interfaces.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Development, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.|b Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dijksterhuis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Development, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewis-Evans
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Development, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jelijs
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Development, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tucha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Development, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Waard
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Development, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.|c Department of Engineering Systems and Services, Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brookhuis
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D000367:Age Factors; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007346:Insurance, Accident; D008297:Male; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012449:Safety; D000066908:Simulation Training / Q000379:methods; D014040:Token Economy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Intelligent speed advisor; Pay-As-You-Drive; behavioural feedback; driver distraction; intelligent transport system