title: Progesterone change in the late follicular phase affects pregnancy rates both agonist and antagonist protocols in normoresponders: a case-controlled study in ICSI cycles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the presented study is to investigate the impact of progesterone change in the late follicular phase on the pregnancy rates of both agonist and antagonist protocols in normoresponders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 201 normoresponder patients, who underwent embryo transfer were consecutively selected. 118 patients were stimulated using a long luteal GnRH agonist protocol and 83 using a flexible antagonist protocol. The level of change in late follicular phase progesterone was calculated according to the progesterone levels on the hCG day and pre-hCG day (1 or 2 days prior to hCG day) measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical pregnancy rates were comparable between long luteal and antagonist group (35.6 and 41%, respectively). The incidence of progesterone elevation on the hCG day was 11% in long luteal and 18% in antagonist group (p = 0.16). In pregnant cycles, p levels both on the hCG day and pre-hCG day measurement were significantly higher in antagonist than agonist cycles (p = 0.029, p = 0.038, respectively). The change of p level was statistically significant in non-pregnant cycles both for the agonist (-0.17 ± 0.07; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.37) and antagonist groups (-0.18 ± 0.07; 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late follicular phase progesterone levels were stable during the cycles of pregnant patients irrespective of the protocols and were shown to be higher in pregnant patients in antagonist cycles when compared to agonist cycles.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Berfu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kahyaoglu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Computer Engineering , Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Altay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guvenir
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yerebasmaz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Sadiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altinbas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dilbaz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dilbaz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mollamahmutoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
chemical_list: D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide; C061018:ganirelix; C062876:cetrorelix
keywords: GnRH agonist; GnRH antagonist; in-vitro fertilization; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; progesterone