title: Comparative studies on the fish-killing activities of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985 and Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010, and their possible toxic factors.
abstract: Chattonella antiqua isolated in 2010 showed extremely more potent fish-killing activities against red sea bream, Japanese horse mackerel, and blue damselfish than those of Chattonella marina isolated in 1985. Chemiluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses suggested greater reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing activity of C. antiqua than that of C. marina. Sodium benzoate, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, significantly suppressed the fish-killing activity of C. antiqua on blue damselfish. The chlorophyll level in the gill tissue of blue damselfish exposed to flagellate cells increased along with the exposure time, and the cell count of gill-associated C. antiqua estimated with chlorophyll level was higher than that of C. marina. These results suggest that the ROS-producing activity and affinity of Chattonella cells to the gill surface may be important factors influencing the fish-killing activity of Chattonella species.
authors.affiliation: a Jeju Center , Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Jeju-Si , Korea.|b Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kichul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: c Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: c Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: c Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiguchi
authors.affiliation: c Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Mikinori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: d Department of Applied Aquabiology , National Fisheries University , Shimonoseki , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: e Joint Research Division, Center for Industry , University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: a Jeju Center , Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Jeju-Si , Korea.|b Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology , Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daekyung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: c Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013045:Species Specificity; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Chattonella antiqua; Chattonella marina; fish-killing activity; raphidophytes; reactive oxygen species