title: Exercise training restores the cardiac microRNA-1 and -214 levels regulating Ca2+ handling after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired cardiomyocyte contractility and calcium handling are hallmarks of left ventricular contractile dysfunction. Exercise training has been used as a remarkable strategy in the treatment of heart disease. The microRNA-1, which targets sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (NCX), and microRNA-214, which targets sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase-2a (Serca2a), are involved in cardiac function regulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on cardiac microRNA-1 and -214 expression after myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sedentary sham (S-SHAM), sedentary infarction (S-INF), trained sham (T-SHAM), and trained infarction (T-INF). Exercise training consisted of 60 min/days, 5 days/week for 10 weeks with 3 % of body weight as overload beginning four weeks after myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MicroRNA-1 and -214 expressions were, respectively, decreased (52 %) and increased (54 %) in the S-INF compared to the S-SHAM, while exercise training normalized the expression of these microRNAs. The microRNA targets NCX and Serca-2a protein expression were, respectively, decreased (55 %) and increased (34 %) in the T-INF group compared to the S-INF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that exercise training restores microRNA-1 and -214 expression levels and prevents change in both NCX and Serca-2a protein and gene expressions. Altogether, our data suggest a molecular mechanism to restore ventricular function after exercise training in myocardial infarction rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, Brazil. stephanomelo@usp.br.
authors.forename: Stéphano Freitas Soares
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. valerio.barauna@ufes.br.
authors.forename: Valério Garrone
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Barauna
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, Brazil. vajnheves@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Vander José
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, Brazil. tifernades@usp.br.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. lara@icb.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Lucienne da Silva
authors.initials: Lda S
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Informatics, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. mazzottidr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Diego Robles
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mazzotti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, Brazil. edilamar@usp.br.
authors.forename: Edilamar Menezes
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: C506948:Atp2a2 protein, rat; C542191:MIRN1 microRNA, rat; D035683:MicroRNAs; C559947:Mirn214 microRNA, rat; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C110374:sodium-calcium exchanger 1; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium