title: Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease (NAFPD) and its risk factors among adult medical check-up patients in a private hospital: a large cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical significance of non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) or fatty pancreas is largely unknown. It is often an incidental finding on abdominal ultrasound, which is not explored further, especially its association with metabolic condition and the risk of pancreatic malignancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of NAFPD and its associated risk factors among adult medical check-up patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large cross-sectional study was done among adult medical check-up patients underwent abdominal ultrasound between January and December 2013 in Medistra Hospital, Jakarta. Data was obtained from the patients' medical record and include demographic data, blood pressures, fasting blood glucose level, and lipid profile. The presence of fatty pancreas was diagnosed by ultrasound. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to find associated risk factors for NAFPD. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1054 cases were included in this study; pancreas cannot be visualized in 153 cases and were excluded from the analysis. Fatty pancreas was present in 315 (35.0%) patients. Bivariate analyses found associations among fatty pancreas and several risk factors such as gender, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatty pancreas is a common finding during medical check-up with a prevalence of 35%. Fatty pancreas has significant association with metabolic factors and it might have an important role in risk of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. medicaldr2001id@yahoo.com.|Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. medicaldr2001id@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Cosmas Rinaldi A
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lesmana
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. levinapakasi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Levina S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pakasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. giokingkwee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inggriani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. mlaidawati@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Aidawati
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. llesmana.id@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laurentius A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lesmana
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016304:Hospitals, Private; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography