title: Association of diet and lifestyle with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and pain severity: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common problem with unclear etiology. Some diet and lifestyle factors were thought to correlate with CP/CPPS, but studies comprehensively investigate this correlation are rarely available. The current study was conducted to determine the potential lifestyle-related risk factors of CP/CPPS and its pain severity in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from seven hospitals in Shanghai from July 2012 to August 2013. Demographics, medical history, diet and lifestyle information, and CP/CPPS symptoms were obtained from each participant using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify potential lifestyle-related risk factors for CP/CPPS and its pain severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 784 men with CP/CPPS and 785 controls were enrolled in this study. Multivariate regression model indicated that age, nightshift work, stress, smoking status, alcohol consumption, less water intake, imbalanced diet, frequent sexual activity, delaying ejaculation and holding urine were identified as potential risk factors for CP/CPPS, whereas sedentary lifestyle, caffeinated drinks and less water intake were associated with severe pain in CP/CPPS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several diet and lifestyle factors associated with CP/CPPS and pain severity were determined in this study. These modifiable conditions are potential targets for treatment of CP/CPPS. However, further studies are necessary to determine their role in the pathogenesis of CP/CPPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-4012
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.|Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: N Q
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: G Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires