title: Effect of posture on (13)C-urea breath test in partial gastrectomy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether posture affects the accuracy of (13)C-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) detection in partial gastrectomy patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 156 consecutive residual stomach patients, including 76 with H. pylori infection (infection group) and 80 without H. pylori infection (control group). H. pylori infection was confirmed if both the rapid urease test and histology were positive during gastroscopy. The two groups were divided into four subgroups according to patients' posture during the (13)C-UBT: subgroup A, sitting position; subgroup B, supine position; subgroup C, right lateral recumbent position; and subgroup D, left lateral recumbent position. Each subject underwent the following modified (13)C-UBT: 75 mg of (13)C-urea (powder) in 100 mL of citric acid solution was administered, and a mouth wash was performed immediately; breath samples were then collected at baseline and at 5-min intervals up to 30 min while the position was maintained. Seven breath samples were collected for each subject. The cutoff value was 2.0‰.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean delta over baseline (DOB) values in the subgroups of the infection group were similar at 5 min (P > 0.05) and significantly higher than those in the corresponding control subgroups at all time points (P < 0.01). In the infection group, the mean DOB values in subgroup A were higher than those in other subgroups within 10 min and peaked at the 10-min point (12.4‰ ± 2.4‰). The values in subgroups B and C both reached their peaks at 15 min (B, 13.9‰ ± 1.5‰; C, 12.2‰ ± 1.7‰) and then decreased gradually until the 30-min point. In subgroup D, the value peaked at 20 min (14.7‰ ± 1.7‰). Significant differences were found between the values in subgroups D and B at both 25 min (t = 2.093, P = 0.043) and 30 min (t = 2.141, P = 0.039). At 30 min, the value in subgroup D was also significantly different from those in subgroups A and C (D vs C: t = 6.325, P = 0.000; D vs A: t = 5.912, P = 0.000). The mean DOB values of subjects with Billroth I anastomosis were higher than those of subjects with Billroth II anastomosis irrespectively of the detection time and posture (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilization of the left lateral recumbent position during the procedure and when collecting the last breath sample may improve the diagnostic accuracy of the (13)C-UBT in partial gastrectomy patients.
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Gan-Sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shu-Ming Yin, Fan Zhang, Dong-Mei Shi, Ping Xiang, Li Xiao, Yi-Qin Huang, Gan-Sheng Zhang, Zhi-Jun Bao, Division of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016683:Supine Position; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014508:Urea
keywords: 13C-urea breath test; Gastrectomy; Helicobacter pylori; Position