title: Methyl gallate limits infection in mice challenged with Brucella abortus while enhancing the inflammatory response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of methyl gallate (MG) on murine macrophages, cytokine production and treatment of Brucella abortus infection using a mouse model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MG-treated cells displayed increased F-actin polymerization and modest increase in ERK, JNK and p38α phosphorylation levels. The mice were intraperitoneally infected with Br. abortus and were orally treated with PBS or MG for 14 days. The weight and bacterial number from each spleen were monitored, and the serum was evaluated for cytokine production. The spleen proliferation and bacterial burden were lower in the MG-treated group than in the MG-untreated control. The noninfected MG-treated mice displayed increased production of TNF, IFN-γ, and the chemokine MCP-1, whereas the Br. abortus-infected MG-treated mice revealed enhanced induction of IL-12p70, TNF and IL-10 compared to the MG-untreated control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MG induced F-actin polymerization and modest upregulation of MAPKs. Furthermore, oral treatment with MG induced an immune response and decreased bacterial proliferation in Br. abortus-infected mice, suggesting that MG may be an alternative treatment for brucellosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of MG against Brucella infection through induction of cytokine production and protection from bacterial proliferation in the spleens of mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.|Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
authors.forename: A W B
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: H L T
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Simborio
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hop
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Arayan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.|Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002003:Brucella abortus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; C052082:methyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid
keywords: Brucella abortus; F-actin; cytokines; methyl gallate; mitogen-activated protein kinases