title: Exacerbations in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy are characterized by increased air trapping.
abstract: Neuroendocrine cell Hyperplasia of Infancy (NEHI) presents with tachypnea, retractions, hypoxemia, and often failure to thrive. The radiologic and physiologic findings in infants with NEHI have been well described with a distinct geographic pattern of ground-glass opacities on chest computerized tomography imaging and profound air-trapping on infant pulmonary function testing. Despite gradual improvement over time, unexplained exacerbation has been observed but not well characterized. We present physiological and radiological changes of increased air-trapping during acute exacerbations in two older children with NEHI who had previously experienced significant clinical improvement. These cases illustrate previously undescribed manifestations of NEHI in older children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.|Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Houin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Robin R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Deterding
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D055099:Neuroendocrine Cells / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: NEHI; exacerbation; interstitial lung disease