title: Two 27 MHz Simple Inductive Loops, as Hyperthermia Treatment Applicators: Theoretical Analysis and Development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep heating is still the main subject for research in hyperthermia treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze a simple loop as a heating applicator.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance of two 27 MHz inductive loop antennas as potential applicators in hyperthermia treatment was studied theoretically as well as experimentally in phantoms. Two inductive loop antennas with radii 7 cm and 9 cm were designed, simulated, and constructed. The theoretical analysis was performed by using Green's function and Bessel's function technique. Experiments were performed with phantoms radiated by the aforementioned loop antennas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions were estimated from the respective local phantom temperature measurements. Comparisons of the theoretical, simulation, and experimental studies showed satisfying agreement. The penetration depth was measured theoretically and experimentally in the range of 2-3.5 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The theoretical and experimental analysis showed that current loops are efficient in the case where the peripheral heating of spherical tumor formation located at 2-3.5 cm depth is required.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Radiology, ATTIKON University Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Rimini 1, Haidari, 124 64 Athens, Greece ; Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece ; 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Vassilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kouloulias
authors.affiliation: Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karanasiou
authors.affiliation: Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsoupidou
authors.affiliation: Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsopoulos
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Vassilissis Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kouvaris
authors.affiliation: Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging