title: Management of Malignant Adenomas.
abstract: Most polyps that originate in the colon and rectum are benign. A small subset of polyps will contain a malignancy. Although most malignant adenomas are managed with colonic resection a number can be approached with endoscopic, minimally invasive, and observational techniques. This article reviews the histologic characteristics and adverse risk factors that would portend a poor oncologic outcome and therefore suggest formal colonic resection. Modern endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal resection are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts ; Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jason F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hall
keywords: Haggitt criteria; adenoma; endoscopic mucosal resection; endoscopic submucosal resection; malignancy; polypectomy