title: Anthropometric factors, adult weight gain, and mammographic features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between anthropometric factors, weight gain during adulthood, and mammographic features among 1,435 women recruited at screening mammography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spearman's partial coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation of anthropometric factors with mammographic features (percent density, absolute dense area, and non-dense area). Multivariate generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations between weight change categories and mammographic features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index was inversely correlated with percent density (r = -0.49, p < 0.0001) or absolute dense area (r = -0.21, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with absolute non-dense area (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001). However, body mass index was positively correlated with absolute dense area when adjusting for absolute non-dense area (r = 0.16, p < 0.0001). Similar results were observed for weight, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with mammographic features. Within increasing categories of weight change, percent density (p trend < 0.0001) and absolute dense area (p trend = 0.025) increased, while absolute non-dense area decreased (p trend < 0.0001). After stratification by the median of non-dense area, the positive association between weight gain and absolute dense area remained only among women with higher non-dense area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiposity seems positively associated with both dense and non-dense areas following adjustment for each other. Our findings suggest a higher breast dense area among women who gained weight and that a minimum of breast fat may be needed to promote the proliferation of this fibroglandular tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Laval University, 2325, rue de l'Université, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.|Oncology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Saint-Sacrement Hospital, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada.|Nutrition and Dietetics Department, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO) Geneva, rue des Caroubiers 25, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ludivine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soguel
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Laval University, 2325, rue de l'Université, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. caroline.diorio@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.|Oncology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Saint-Sacrement Hospital, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada. caroline.diorio@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.|Deschênes-Fabia Center for Breast Diseases, Saint-Sacrement Hospital, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada. caroline.diorio@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diorio
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001940:Breast / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adiposity; Anthropometry; Body mass index; Breast cancer; Mammographic breast density; Weight gain