title: Effects of intravenously infused lidocaine on analgesia and gastrointestinal function of patients receiving laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of intravenously infused lidocaine on analgesia and gastrointestinal function of patients receiving laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight patients with cholelithiasis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group (n=39) that all had laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. The treatment group was intravenously infused with 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine by using a venous pump under anesthesia induction at the speed of 2 mg·kg(-1) ·h(-1) until the end of surgery, while the control group was given normal saline with the same volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients successfully completed the surgery, with similar surgical time, incision length and intraoperative blood loss. The required lidocaine concentrations of the treatment group were 2.64±1.23 μg/ml, 1.14±0.4 μg/ml and 0.93±0.32 μg/ml respectively 2 hour, 12 hour and 48 hour after surgery. Pain score of the treatment group, which was significantly lower than that of the control group at the postoperative 2 hour (P<0.05), was similar to those of the control group at the postoperative 12 hour and 48 hour. With extended time, the pain score significantly decreased (P<0.05). The treatment group had significantly shorter first anal exhaust time and first defecation time than those of the control group (P<0.05). Adverse reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, subcutaneous emphysema and fat liquefaction of incision, occurred similarly in the two groups, which were alleviated by symptomatic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is a promising minimally invasive surgery for patients with cholelithiasis, during which intravenously infused lidocaine can rapidly recover the gastrointestinal function and exert short-term analgesic effects, with mild adverse reactions also.
authors.affiliation: Wei Yang, Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453000, He'nan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Wei-Lan Hu, Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453000, He'nan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Lan
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hu
keywords: Adverse reaction; Analgesia; Gastrointestinal function; Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration; Lidocaine