title: Estimate of uptake and translocation of emerging organic contaminants from irrigation water concentration in lettuce grown under controlled conditions.
abstract: The widespread distribution of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in the water cycle can lead to their incorporation in irrigated crops, posing a potential risk for human consumption. To gain further insight into the processes controlling the uptake of organic microcontaminants, Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under controlled conditions was watered with EOCs (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, sulfonamides, β-blockers, phenolic estrogens, anticonvulsants, stimulants, polycyclic musks, biocides) at different concentrations (0-40μgL(-1)). Linear correlations were obtained between the EOC concentrations in the roots and leaves and the watering concentrations for most of the contaminants investigated. However, large differences were found in the root concentration factors ( [Formula: see text] =0.27-733) and leaf translocation concentration factors ( [Formula: see text] =0-3) depending on the persistence of the target contaminants in the rhizosphere and the specific physicochemical properties of each one. With the obtained dataset, a simple predictive model based on a linear regression and the root bioconcentration and translocation factors can be used to estimate the concentration of the target EOCs in leaves based on the dose supplied in the irrigation water or the soil concentration. Finally, enantiomeric fractionation of racemic ibuprofen from the initial spiking mixture suggests that biodegradation mainly occurs in the rhizosphere.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérez-Babace
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cañameras
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comas
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jbtqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bayona
mesh_terms: D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018545:Lactuca / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D058441:Rhizosphere; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Bioconcentrantion factors; Degradation; Emerging contaminants; Plant uptake; Rhizosphere; Translocation factor