title: Transport of Iodine Is Different in Cartilage and Meniscus.
abstract: Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has been proposed for diagnostics of cartilage and meniscus injuries and degeneration. As both tissues may be imaged simultaneously, CECT could provide a method for comprehensive evaluation of knee joint health. Since the composition and structure of cartilage and meniscus are different, we hypothesize that transport characteristics of anionic contrast agents also differ between the tissues. This would affect interpretation of CECT images and warrants investigation. To clarify this, we aimed to determine the transport kinematics of anionic iodine (q = -1, M = 126.9 g/mol), assumed to not be significantly affected by the steric hindrance, thus providing faster transport than large molecule contrast agents (e.g., ioxaglate). Cylindrical samples (d = 6 mm, h = 2 mm) were prepared from healthy bovine (n = 10) patella and meniscus, immersed in isotonic phosphate-buffered NaI solution (20 mgI/mL), and subsequently imaged with a micro-CT at 20 time points up to 23 h. Subsequently, normalized attenuation and contrast agent flux, as well as water, collagen, and proteoglycan (PG) contents in the tissues were determined. Normalized attenuation at equilibrium was higher (p = 0.005) in meniscus. Contrast agent flux was lower (p = 0.005) in the meniscus at 10 min, but higher (p < 0.05) between 30 and 120 min. In both tissues, contrast agent distribution at equilibrium suggested an inverse agreement with the depth-wise PG distribution. In conclusion, iodine transport into cartilage and meniscus was different, especially between the first 2 hours after the immersion. This is an important finding which should be considered during simultaneous CECT of cartilage and meniscus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. juuso.honkanen@uef.fi.|Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland. juuso.honkanen@uef.fi.
authors.forename: J T J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9150-9253
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Honkanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tiitu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.|Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jurvelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.|Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Töyräs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072600:Meniscus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine
keywords: Computed tomography; Contrast agent; Transport kinematics