title: Intraoperative mechanical ventilation for the pediatric patient.
abstract: Invasive mechanical ventilation is required when children undergo general anesthesia for any procedure. It is remarkable that one of the most practiced interventions such as pediatric mechanical ventilation is hardly supported by any scientific evidence but rather based on personal experience and data from adults, especially as ventilation itself is increasingly recognized as a harmful intervention that causes ventilator-induced lung injury. The use of low tidal volume and higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure became an integral part of lung-protective ventilation following the outcomes of clinical trials in critically ill adults. This approach has been readily adopted in pediatric ventilation. However, a clear association between tidal volume and mortality has not been ascertained in pediatrics. In fact, experimental studies have suggested that young children might be less susceptible to ventilator-induced lung injury. As such, no recommendations on optimal lung-protective ventilation strategy in children with or without lung injury can be made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, The University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Critical Care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency Medicine (CAPE), The University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.c.j.kneyber@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Martin C J
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kneyber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013990:Tidal Volume; D055397:Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: children; tidal volume; ventilation; ventilator-induced lung injury