title: Effects of Citral on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.
abstract: Citral is an active compound of lemongrass oil which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of citral on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in a rat model of peritonitis and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). LPS was intraperitoneally injected into rats to establish a peritonitis model. The HUVECs were treated with citral for 12 h before exposure to LPS. The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were measured using ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, NF-κB, and PPAR-γ. The results showed that citral had a protective effect against LPS-induced peritonitis. Citral decreased the levels of WBCs and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Citral also inhibited LPS-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the peritoneal tissue. Treatment of HUVECs with citral significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-8 expression induced by LPS. LPS-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression were also suppressed by citral. Meanwhile, we found that citral inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation in HUVECs. Furthermore, we found that citral activated PPAR-γ and the anti-inflammatory effects of citral can be reversed by PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. In conclusion, citral inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response via activating PPAR-γ which attenuates NF-κB activation and inflammatory mediator production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan province, China. songyangz36@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan province, China.
authors.forename: Hongfeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan province, China.
authors.forename: Jinyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan province, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan province, China.
authors.forename: Renying
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000813:Anilides; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C052901:lemongrass oil; D009195:Peroxidase; C007076:citral
keywords: NF-κB; PPAR-γ; citral; human umbilical vein endothelial cells; peritonitis