title: Stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia with pulmonary and cerebral mucormycosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucormycosis is one of the most refractory invasive fungal infections and often causes fatal infection in immunocompromised patients, such as those with severe diabetes mellitus and hematologic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of stem cell transplantation for a pediatric patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who developed mucormycosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An 8-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) received chemotherapy, but relapsed 3 months after discontinuation of treatment. Subsequent chemotherapy was ineffective, and then, while in non-complete remission, he developed pulmonary and cerebral mucormycosis. On gene analysis the fungus was identified as Lichtheimia ramosa. Cord blood transplantation was conducted in combination with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B therapy. He successfully achieved complete remission without progression of mucormycosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stem cell transplantation could reduce the mortality of patients with hematologic disease who develop mucormycosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirozumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D012074:Remission Induction; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; invasive fungal infection; liposomal amphotericin B; mucormycosis; stem cell transplantation