title: Ameliorative effect of lotus seedpod proanthocyanidins on cognitive impairment and brain aging induced by D-galactose.
abstract: This study mainly investigated the ameliorative effect of lotus seedpod proanthocyanidins (LSPC) and the mechanism underlying such effect on cognitive impairment and brain aging induced by d-galactose. Aging mice induced by d-galactose (150 mg/kg, sc injection daily for 6 weeks) were chosen for the experiment. LSPCs (30, 60, and 90 mg/kg, ig) were provided after d-galactose injection. Learning and memory functions were detected by Y-maze and step-down avoidance tests. Then, some biochemical indexes related to cognitive ability and aging were measured. Histopathological feature and P53 protein expression in the hippocampus were observed. Results showed that the three different doses of LSPC could significantly ameliorate the learning and memory abilities impaired by d-galactose. LSPC significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (i.e. 90 mg/kg LSPC group vs. model group, P=0.008), reduced the content of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (i.e. 90 mg/kg LSPC group vs. model group, P=0.009), decreased the activities of acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase B, total nitric oxide synthase (i.e. 90 mg/kg LSPC group vs. model group, P=0.006), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and synchronously increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the brain. Furthermore, LSPC could prevent neuron damage and could lessen the expression of P53 protein in the hippocampus. These findings demonstrated that LSPC effectively attenuated cognitive damage and improved parameters related to brain aging in senescent mice induced by d-galactose, and may be used to treat Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China. Electronic address: tortoise39@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Shi
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: bijunxie@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bi-Jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Da
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Er-Ning
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Li
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070116:Lotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Brain aging; Free radicals; Learning and memory; Lotus seedpod proanthocyanidins; d-Galactose