title: Surface treatment by binary solvents induces the crystallization of a small molecular donor for enhanced photovoltaic performance.
abstract: The surface treatment of the active layer with binary solvents composed of methanol (MeOH) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), was demonstrated to effectively improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 2.4% to 6.5% for p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM based small molecular solar cells. The optical properties and morphology of the p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM films were carefully investigated. The results indicate that treatment with MeOH:CN binary solvents could significantly enhance the absorption of the active layer, due to the formation of more p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 nanofibrils associated with higher crystallinity as revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The two-dimensional grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) results further demonstrate that the molecular packing of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 molecules could be strongly enhanced after treatment with the binary solvents. In contrast, pristine methanol shows no significant influence on the crystalline structure, phase separation or the photovoltaic properties of the p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM system, showing that the CN solvent plays the main role in inducing the crystallization of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 molecules.
authors.affiliation: School of Material Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China. ywchen@ncu.edu.cn and College of Chemistry/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Material Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China. ywchen@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Material Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China. ywchen@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Material Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China. ywchen@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Material Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China. ywchen@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangchuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Rd, Xi'an 710049, China. msewma@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Material Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China. ywchen@ncu.edu.cn and College of Chemistry/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Yiwang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen