title: The Murine Lung Microbiome Changes During Lung Inflammation and Intranasal Vancomycin Treatment.
abstract: Most microbiome research related to airway diseases has focused on the gut microbiome. This is despite advances in culture independent microbial identification techniques revealing that even healthy lungs possess a unique dynamic microbiome. This conceptual change raises the question; if lung diseases could be causally linked to local dysbiosis of the local lung microbiota. Here, we manipulate the murine lung and gut microbiome, in order to show that the lung microbiota can be changed experimentally. We have used four different approaches: lung inflammation by exposure to carbon nano-tube particles, oral probiotics and oral or intranasal exposure to the antibiotic vancomycin. Bacterial DNA was extracted from broncho-alveolar and nasal lavage fluids, caecum samples and compared by DGGE. Our results show that: the lung microbiota is sex dependent and not just a reflection of the gut microbiota, and that induced inflammation can change lung microbiota. This change is not transferred to offspring. Oral probiotics in adult mice do not change lung microbiome detectible by DGGE. Nasal vancomycin can change the lung microbiome preferentially, while oral exposure does not. These observations should be considered in future studies of the causal relationship between lung microbiota and lung diseases.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark;
authors.forename: Kenneth Klingenberg
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Barfod
authors.affiliation: Applied Maths, Keistraat 120, 9830 Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vrankx
authors.affiliation: Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Denmark;
authors.forename: Hengameh Chloé
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Mirsepasi-Lauridsen
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark;
authors.forename: Jitka Stilund
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark;
authors.forename: Karin Sørig
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø parkallé 105, 2100 Denmark;
authors.forename: Søren Thor
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Active Nutrition, Dupont Nutrition & Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik Finland.
authors.forename: Arthur C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ouwenhand
authors.affiliation: Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Denmark;
authors.forename: Karen Angeliki
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krogfelt
keywords: Antibiotic; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; broncho-alveolar lavage; carbon nanotubes; probiotic