title: [Interpretation and use of routine pulmonary function tests: Spirometry, static lung volumes, lung diffusion, arterial blood gas, methacholine challenge test and 6-minute walk test].
abstract: Resting pulmonary function tests (PFT) include the assessment of ventilatory capacity: spirometry (forced expiratory flows and mobilisable volumes) and static volume assessment, notably using body plethysmography. Spirometry allows the potential definition of obstructive defect, while static volume assessment allows the potential definition of restrictive defect (decrease in total lung capacity) and thoracic hyperinflation (increase in static volumes). It must be kept in mind that this evaluation is incomplete and that an assessment of ventilatory demand is often warranted, especially when facing dyspnoea: evaluation of arterial blood gas (searching for respiratory insufficiency) and measurement of the transfer coefficient of the lung, allowing with the measurement of alveolar volume to calculate the diffusing capacity of the lung for CO (DLCO: assessment of alveolar-capillary wall and capillary blood volume). All these pulmonary function tests have been the subject of an Americano-European Task force (standardisation of lung function testing) published in 2005, and translated in French in 2007. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests have been recommended, which define abnormal lung function tests using the 5th and 95th percentiles of predicted values (lower and upper limits of normal values). Thus, these recommendations need to be implemented in all pulmonary function test units. A methacholine challenge test will only be performed in the presence of an intermediate pre-test probability for asthma (diagnostic uncertainty), which is an infrequent setting. The most convenient exertional test is the 6-minute walk test that allows the assessment of walking performance, the search for arterial desaturation and the quantification of dyspnoea complaint.
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie, clinique de la dyspnée, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bokov
authors.affiliation: Service de physiologie, clinique de la dyspnée, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address: christophe.delclaux@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delclaux
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D011996:Records; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry; D013997:Time Factors; D000070857:Walk Test / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride
keywords: Capacité ventilatoire; Demande ventilatoire; Exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire; Pulmonary function tests; Ventilatory capacity; Ventilatory demand