title: Laparoscopic sentinel lymph node mapping after cervical injection of indocyanine green for endometrial cancer - preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial cancer (EC) has an increasing incidence worldwide, with lymph node metastases as the main prognostic factor. Systemic lymphadenectomy is connected with elevated morbidity. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is intended to avoid extensive lymphadenectomy and provide significant oncologic information.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of laparoscopic SLN biopsy guided by indocyanine green (ICG) injection into the cervix in EC patients and to develop ideas to improve this method. The optimal time from dye injection to lymph node visualization was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted between July 2014 and March 2015 in a group of 9 women with EC, at low and intermediate risk of recurrence, scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. All patients underwent cervical ICG injection and SLN biopsy, followed by surgery. Pelvic lymph nodes were located using an ICG endoscopic camera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following data were collected: There were 9 patients with endometrial cancer at low and intermediate risk of recurrence. Median patient age was 59 years, median body mass index (BMI) 28 kg/m(2), endometrioid adenocarcinoma in 9 cases, grading: G1 - 1 patient, G2 - 8 patients. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Median time from ICG injection and SLN detection during surgery was 25 min. There were no lymph nodes metastasis, all identified by the SLN protocol using ICG injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sentinel lymph node mapping can play a significant role in lymph node assessment and staging in early-stage EC patients with low risk of recurrence according to the ESMO classification. The use of SLN mapping in EC is much needed and the therapeutic benefit is high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, 'Inflancka' Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Surynt
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, 'Inflancka' Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinholz-Jaskolska
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, 'Inflancka' Hospital, Warsaw, Poland ; Department of Health Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bidzinski
keywords: endometrial cancer; indocyanine green (ICG); sentinel lymph node; total laparoscopic hysterectomy