title: An emerging role for cytopathology in precision oncology.
abstract: Precision medicine is an emerging field in medicine for disease prevention and treatment that takes into account the individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each individual patient. The authors have developed a special program as part of the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine to grow patient-derived, 3-dimensional tumor organoids for tumor-specific drug testing, tailoring treatment strategies, and as models for studying drug resistance. Routine cytology preparations represent a cost-effective and powerful tool to aid in performing molecular testing in the age of personalized medicine. In this commentary, the platforms used for the characterization and validation of patient-derived, 3-dimensional tumor organoids are outlined and discussed, and the role of cytology as a cost-effective and powerful quality-control measure is illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puca
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mosquera
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Himisha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beltran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.|Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Rema A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009940:Organoids / Q000473:pathology; D057285:Precision Medicine
keywords: 3-dimensional (3D) tumor organoid; cytology; cytology smear; in vitro models; next-generation sequencing; organoids; precision medicine