title: Validation of the FRAIL scale in Mexican elderly: results from the Mexican Health and Aging Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aging population in Latin America is characterized by not optimal conditions for good health, experiencing high burden of comorbidity, which contribute to increase the frequency of frailty; thus, identification should be a priority, to classify patients at high risk to develop its negative consequences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this analysis was to validate the FRAIL instrument to measure frailty in Mexican elderly population, from the database of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, population study in Mexico, that included subjects of 60 years and older who were evaluated for the variables of frailty during the year 2001 (first wave of the study). Frailty was measured with the five-item FRAIL scale (fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and weight loss). The robust, pre-frail or intermediate, and the frail group were considered when they had zero, one, and at least two components, respectively. Mortality, hospitalizations, falls, and functional dependency were evaluated during 2003 (second wave of the study). Relative risk was calculated for each complications, as well as hazard ratio (for mortality) through Cox regression model and odds ratio with logistic regression (for the rest of the outcomes), adjusted for covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The state of frailty was independently associated with mortality, hospitalizations, functional dependency, and falls. The pre-frailty state was only independently associated with hospitalizations, functional dependency, and falls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frailty measured through the FRAIL scale, is associated with an increase in the rate of mortality, hospitalizations, dependency in activities of daily life, and falls.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia No. 21, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díaz de León González
authors.affiliation: Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez Hermosillo
authors.affiliation: Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 71, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesus Avilio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez Beltran
authors.affiliation: Coordinación Técnica de Excelencia Clínica, Coordinación de UMAE, Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Humberto Medina
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palacios Corona
authors.affiliation: Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia No. 21, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Deborah Patricia
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Salinas Garza
authors.affiliation: Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia No. 21, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. drakarinardz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Karina Alejandra
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Quintanilla
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Elderly; Frailty; Hospitalizations; Mortality; México