title: Treatment Options for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Associated Uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the available published data regarding the treatment of JIA-associated chronic uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available peer-reviewed publications regarding the treatments of JIA-associated uveitis were read by multiple authors (RMA, EM, JET, and DH) and the data from these reports were synthesized for this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated chronic uveitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment in children, often resulting in more frequent complications and worse visual outcomes than other types of pediatric uveitis. Since not all patients respond to the first medication introduced, it is useful to have a wide range of available treatment modalities to address recalcitrant disease. Treatment options for JIA-associated uveitis have increased substantially over the past decade, particularly with the availability of newer biological agents in addition to established medication classes such as anti-inflammatories (including topical and systemic corticosteroids) and antimetabolites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although data are increasing regarding biologic agents, definitive randomized prospective clinical trials would be helpful to determine their optimal dose, frequency, treatment duration, and long-term safety in children.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt.
authors.forename: Rowayda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miserocchi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.|d Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: c Department of Ophthalmology , Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hornbeak
authors.affiliation: d Department of Epidemiology , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.|e Department of Ophthalmology , Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.affiliation: f Centre for Ophthalmology , University Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zierhut
mesh_terms: D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001691:Biological Therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Biological therapy; JIA-associated chronic anterior uveitis; immunosuppressive drug therapy; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; treatment outcomes