title: Ribosomal protein and biogenesis factors affect multiple steps during movement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular factors modulate the movement of the retrovirus-like transposon Ty1. Surprisingly, a significant number of chromosomal genes required for Ty1 transposition encode components of the translational machinery, including ribosomal proteins, ribosomal biogenesis factors, protein trafficking proteins and protein or RNA modification enzymes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To assess the mechanistic connection between Ty1 mobility and the translation machinery, we have determined the effect of these mutations on ribosome biogenesis and Ty1 transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Lack of genes encoding ribosomal proteins or ribosome assembly factors causes reduced accumulation of the ribosomal subunit with which they are associated. In addition, these mutations cause decreased Ty1 + 1 programmed translational frameshifting, and reduced Gag protein accumulation despite at least normal levels of Ty1 mRNA. Several ribosome subunit mutations increase the level of both an internally initiated Ty1 transcript and its encoded truncated Gag-p22 protein, which inhibits transposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, our results suggest that this large class of cellular genes modulate Ty1 transposition through multiple pathways. The effects are largely post-transcriptional acting at a variety of levels that may include translation initiation, protein stability and subcellular protein localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA ; Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 USA.
authors.forename: Susmitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
authors.forename: Hyo Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
authors.forename: Kartikeya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA ; Present address: Department of Nanosciences and Technology, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641 114 Tamil Nadu India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dakshinamurthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kananganat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Garfinkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5658-7141
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Farabaugh
keywords: Host factors; Programmed frameshifting; Retrotransposition; Ribosomal protein insufficiency; Ribosome biogenesis