title: Carinina ochracea (Palaeonemertea: Tubulanidae) Reaches Its Southernmost Distribution: New Morphological and Molecular Data.
abstract: New data for Carinina ochracea Sundberg et al., 2009 are provided for the Iberian Peninsula, establishing the southernmost limit of its known distribution. This species was previously known from only two localities: the type locality in Tjärnö (Sweden) and Pouldohan (Brittany, France). The material examined here was obtained during a faunal survey in the Villaviciosa Estuary (Asturias, northern Iberian Peninsula). The identity of the new specimen was confirmed both by DNA barcoding and anatomical examination. The molecular divergence of all available sequences of this species for four molecular markers, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S, 18S and 28S rDNA, is discussed. For COI, four polymorphic sites were found, indicating: 1) a nuclear pseudogene; 2) heteroplasmy; or 3) gene duplication of a region of the mitochondrial genome. Two previously overlooked morphological characters were found: the presence of a colour ring and a postfixation staining band (pigmented band), which is histologically characterized. This species is the 12th palaeonemertean and the 75th nemertean reported from Iberian waters.
authors.affiliation: 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.|2 Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Zoología), Universidad de Oviedo. Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando Ángel
authors.initials: FÁ
authors.lastname: Fernández-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machordom
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D063366:Estuaries; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Carinina ochracea; DNA barcoding; Iberian Peninsula; Nemertea; anatomy; biodiversity