title: Cognitive caching promotes flexibility in task switching: evidence from event-related potentials.
abstract: Time-consuming processes of task-set reconfiguration have been shown to contribute to the costs of switching between cognitive tasks. We describe and probe a novel mechanism serving to reduce the costs of task-set reconfiguration. We propose that when individuals are uncertain about the currently valid task, one task set is activated for execution while other task sets are maintained at a pre-active state in cognitive cache. We tested this idea by assessing an event-related potential (ERP) index of task-set reconfiguration in a three-rule task-switching paradigm involving varying degrees of task uncertainty. In high-uncertainty conditions, two viable tasks were equally likely to be correct whereas in low-uncertainty conditions, one task was more likely than the other. ERP and performance measures indicated substantial costs of task-set reconfiguration when participants were required to switch away from a task that had been likely to be correct. In contrast, task-set-reconfiguration costs were markedly reduced when the previous task set was chosen under high task uncertainty. These results suggest that cognitive caching of alternative task sets adds to human cognitive flexibility under high task uncertainty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kopp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D055815:Young Adult