title: The Th1/Th2 paradigm in lambda cyhalothrin-induced spleen toxicity: The role of thymoquinone.
abstract: This study investigates the retrofitted role of thymoquinone (TQ) in the Th1/Th2 paradigm imbalance in lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) treated rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats were formed: Group I served as control. Group II received 5 mg TQ/(kg bw) daily. Group III received 0.6 mg LCT/(kg bw). Group IV was treated with TQ and LCT. All treatments were given orally for 10 weeks. The LCT-treated group elicited a significant increase in MDA and NO levels with up-regulation of NF-κB/p65 and pro-inflammatory genes expression and their levels. Meanwhile, GSH and immunoglobulins concentrations were markedly decreased concomitant with lessening the activities of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes mRNA levels. The co-administration of TQ and LCT improved the altered antioxidant enzymes activities and concentration of cytokines with attenuation of NF-κB/p65 mRNA. These data support the antioxidant role of TQ in the Th1/Th2 imbalance paradigm during LCT toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt. Electronic address: hamza_vet@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016227:Benzoquinones; D016207:Cytokines; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C003466:thymoquinone; C037304:cyhalothrin
keywords: Cytokines; Lambda cyhalothrin; RT-PCR; Thymoquinone