title: Cellular and molecular mechanisms in graft-versus-host disease.
abstract: Graft-versus-host disease is a complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease includes acute graft-versus-host disease and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Host APCs (e.g., dendritic cells and macrophages), effector T cells (e.g., Th1, Th17, and abnormal Th17:regulatory T cell ratio), B cells, and NK cells are implicated in graft-versus-host disease physiopathology. Proinflammation cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α) are increased in graft-versus-host disease . Costimulatory molecules play an important role in inducing graft-versus-host disease . Pattern-recognition receptors, such as TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, are critically involved in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease . Complement system C3 mediates Th1/Th17 polarization in human T cell activation and skin graft-versus-host disease. Accumulation of CD26 T cells in graft-versus-host disease target organs was found. As a therapeutic target, soluble CD83 molecules or antibodies have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects against graft-versus-host disease, and signaling molecules promote the inflammatory and immune process of graft-versus-host disease . These immune cells and molecules could be the predictors of graft-versus-host disease development and the drug targets of the treatments for graft-versus-host disease. This article focuses on major advances on cellular and molecular mechanisms in graft-versus-host disease.
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ll-zhang@hotmail.com wwei@ahmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ll-zhang@hotmail.com wwei@ahmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / Q000276:immunology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000276:immunology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D003176:Complement C3; D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: immune cells; immune molecules; physiopathology