title: Early Detection and Quantification of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis by Magnetic Resonance Black-Blood Thrombus Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is currently a major clinical challenge. We proposed a novel magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging technique (MRBTI) for detection and quantification of CVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRBTI was performed on 23 patients with proven CVT and 24 patients with negative CVT confirmed by conventional imaging techniques. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the duration of clinical onset: ≤7 days (group 1) and between 7 and 30 days (group 2). Signal/noise ratio was calculated for the detected thrombus, and contrast/noise ratio was measured between thrombus and lumen and also between thrombus and brain tissue. The feasibility of using MRBTI for thrombus volume measurement was explored, and total thrombus volume was calculated for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 23 patients with proven CVT, MRBTI correctly identified 113 of 116 segments with a sensitivity of 97.4%. Thrombus signal/noise ratio was 153±57 and 261±95 for group 1 (n=10) and group 2 (n=13), respectively (P<0.01). Thrombus to lumen contrast/noise ratio was 149±57 and 256±94 for group 1 and group 2, respectively. Thrombus to brain tissue contrast/noise ratio was 41±36 and 120±63 (P<0.01), respectively. Quantification of thrombus volume was successfully conducted in all patients with CVT, and mean volume of thrombus was 10.5±6.9 mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings support that with effectively suppressed blood signal, MRBTI allows selective visualization of thrombus as opposed to indirect detection of venous flow perturbation and can be used as a promising first-line diagnostic imaging tool.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Jiangang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Zhaoyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Xiangying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Kuncheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.). xunmingji2006@yeah.net kunchengli@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Xunming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (Q.Y., X.D., K.L.), Emergency (J.D.), and Neurosurgery (X.J.), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Q.Y., Z.F., X.Q., Y.X., C.N., D.L.); and MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA (X.B.).
authors.forename: Debiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: magnetic resonance imaging; sinus thrombosis, intracranial; venous thrombosis