title: The baseline characteristics and interim analyses of the high-risk sentinel cohort of the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic InfectiONS (VIZIONS).
abstract: The Vietnam Initiative for Zoonotic Infections (VIZIONS) includes community-based 'high-risk sentinel cohort' (HRSC) studies investigating individuals at risk of zoonotic infection due to occupational or residential exposure to animals. A total of 852 HRSC members were recruited between March 2013 and August 2014 from three provinces (Ha Noi, Dak Lak, and Dong Thap). The most numerous group (72.8%) corresponded to individuals living on farms, followed by slaughterers (16.3%) and animal health workers (8.5%). Nasal/pharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from HRSC members at recruitment and after notifying illness. Exposure to exotic animals (including wild pigs, porcupine, monkey, civet, bamboo rat and bat) was highest for the Dak Lak cohort (53.7%), followed by Ha Noi (13.7%) and Dong Thap (4.0%). A total of 26.8% of individuals reported consumption of raw blood over the previous year; 33.6% slaughterers reported no use of protective equipment at work. Over 686 person-years of observation, 213 episodes of suspect infectious disease were notified, equivalent of 0.35 reports per person-year. Responsive samples were collected from animals in the farm cohort. There was noticeable time and space clustering of disease episodes suggesting that the VIZIONS set up is also suitable for the formal epidemiological investigation of disease outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrique-Mas
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Global Viral, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA.
authors.forename: Ngo T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Tue
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.|National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Juliet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Global Viral, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saylors
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Cuong
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ngo T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hoa
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine Centre Dong Thap Province, Cao Lanh, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Sub-Department of Animal Health Dong Thap Province, Cao Lanh, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Vo B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine Centre Dak Lak Province, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Pham V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.affiliation: Regional Animal Health Laboratory 5, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Sub-Department of Animal Health Dak Lak Province, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chuyen
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen T K
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Chuc
authors.affiliation: Ba Vi District Health Centre, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Dinh V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Ba Vi District Veterinary Station, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hoang Van V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tran K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Toan
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nguyen T Y
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maia A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rabaa
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.|National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nadjm
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woolhouse
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.|National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi, Vietnam.|Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Cente, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heiman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thwaites
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000067565:Farmers; D062306:Geography, Medical; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012306:Risk; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology*