title: Stenotrophomonas tumulicolasp. nov., a major contaminant of the stone chamber interior in the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus.
abstract: During investigation of the biological contamination of the 1300-year-old mural paintings and plaster walls inside the stone chambers of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli (TT and KT) in Asuka-mura, Nara Prefecture, Japan, the identity of 17 bacterial isolates from blackish mouldy spots and viscous gels (biofilms) collected from both tumuli (16 isolates from TT and one from KT) during our 2005-2007 microbiological survey was systematically elucidated. One cluster of the major bacterial isolates was assigned to the genusStenotrophomonas(classGammaproteobacteria) by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. These isolates were divided into two groups A and B. Group A comprised 15 TT isolates that took a phylogenetic position nearStenotrophomonas chelatiphagaLPM-5T. Based on our analysis of the phenotypic (cultural, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic) characteristics and genotypic/molecular characteristics (DNA base composition, DNA-DNA relatedness, and 16S rRNA andgyrBgene sequences), the novel species nameStenotrophomonas tumulicolasp. nov. is proposed for the group A isolates with the type strain T5916-2-1bT( = JCM 30961T= NCIMB 15009T). Group B, which contained only one TT and one KT isolate, was closely related to [Pseudomonas]geniculata, [P.]hibiscicola, [P.]beteli,Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaandStenotrophomonas pavanii. The two isolates were genotypically and phenotypically assignable toS. maltophilia.
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tazato
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.affiliation: Technical Department, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.affiliation: Independent Administrative Institution, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo, 13-43 Ueno Park, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8713, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kigawa
authors.affiliation: Independent Administrative Institution, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo, 13-43 Ueno Park, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8713, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Chiba Branch Office, TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd, 3-1532-13 Hasama-cho, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-0822, Japan.
authors.forename: Junta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugiyama