title: Prevalence of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from German pig-fattening farms during the years 2011-2013.
abstract: Since recently Enterobacteriaceae carrying blaVIM-1genes have been isolated in German animal husbandries, the monitoring of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in livestock became a major topic within the European Union. Nevertheless, due to missing surveillance studies the worldwide situation in livestock and livestock associated surroundings might still be underestimated. The here described study provides an overview of the CPE-prevalence in German pig-fattening farms during the years 2011-2013 (period when previously described blaVIM-1findings occurred on pig-fattening farms (Efsa, 2011; Fischer et al., 2012, 2013a)). Therefore, a collection of 238 bacterial anacultures derived from pooled faeces and boot swab samples, collected in a cross-sectional study including 58 pig-fattening farms throughout Germany, were investigated. The bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar plates containing 0.125μg/ml meropenem. Enterobacteriaceae which were able to grow on these plates were further investigated for the presence of carbapenemase genes. Out of eight CPE-suspicious strains, two Escherichia (E.) coli strains-deriving from the same farm-contained the carbapenemase gene blaVIM-1. For the remaining six Enterobacteriaceae it seems to be likely that they possess other resistance mechanisms, leading to reduced carbapenem susceptibility. Based on the obtained results, the overall CPE prevalence for German pig-fattening farms, sampled during the years 2011-2013 was 1.7%; 95% CI: 0-10. However, as it is of great importance to prevent a further spread of these bacteria between farms and livestock populations as well as their introduction into the food chain, an understanding of their routes of introduction and spread in combination with intensified monitoring programs are considered necessary.
authors.affiliation: Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: tierhygiene@vetmed.fu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roschanski
authors.affiliation: Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friese
authors.affiliation: Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Salviati-Claudius
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Biometrics, Epidemiology and Information Processing, Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hering
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department: Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaesbohrer
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Biometrics, Epidemiology and Information Processing, Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kreienbrock
authors.affiliation: Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Roesler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000072480:Farms; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015780:Carbapenems; C417264:VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Beta-lactam antibiotics; CPE; Livestock; Multidrug resistance