title: No association between plant mating system and geographic range overlap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Automatic self-fertilization may influence the geography of speciation, promote reproductive isolation between incipient species, and lead to ecological differentiation. As such, selfing taxa are predicted to co-occur more often with their closest relatives than are outcrossing taxa. Despite suggestions that this pattern may be general, the extent to which mating system influences range overlap in close relatives has not been tested formally across a diverse group of plant species pairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested for a difference in range overlap between species pairs for which zero, one, or both species are selfers, using data from 98 sister species pairs in 20 genera across 15 flowering plant families. We also used divergence time estimates from time-calibrated phylogenies to ask how range overlap changes with divergence time and whether this effect depends on mating system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no evidence that automatic self-fertilization influenced range overlap of closely related plant species. Sister pairs with more recent divergence times had modestly greater range overlap, but this effect did not depend on mating system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of a strong influence of mating system on range overlap suggests that mating system plays a minor or inconsistent role compared with many other mechanisms potentially influencing the co-occurrence of close relatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA dgrossen@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grossenbacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Briscoe Runquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA.
authors.forename: Emma E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA.
authors.forename: Yaniv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brandvain
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000502:physiology*; D063148:Plant Dispersal; D054817:Pollination; D012098:Reproduction; D057945:Self-Fertilization
keywords: age; co-occurrence; geography; mating system; outcrossing; phylogeny; selfing; speciation