title: Counting electrons on supported nanoparticles.
abstract: Electronic interactions between metal nanoparticles and oxide supports control the functionality of nanomaterials, for example, the stability, the activity and the selectivity of catalysts. Such interactions involve electron transfer across the metal/support interface. In this work we quantify this charge transfer on a well-defined platinum/ceria catalyst at particle sizes relevant for heterogeneous catalysis. Combining synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy and density functional calculations we show that the charge transfer per Pt atom is largest for Pt particles of around 50 atoms. Here, approximately one electron is transferred per ten Pt atoms from the nanoparticle to the support. For larger particles, the charge transfer reaches its intrinsic limit set by the support. For smaller particles, charge transfer is partially suppressed by nucleation at defects. These mechanistic and quantitative insights into charge transfer will help to make better use of particle size effects and electronic metal-support interactions in metal/oxide nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Yaroslava
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lykhach
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Física and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kozlov
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skála
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Andrii
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tovt
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vitalii
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stetsovych
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Nataliya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsud
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dvořák
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Johánek
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neitzel
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mysliveček
authors.affiliation: CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.affiliation: Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matolín
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Física and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.|Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Konstantin M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-5567
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Neyman
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.|Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Libuda
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry; D004583:Electrons; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017671:Platinum Compounds; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide