title: Metabolic syndrome update.
abstract: The metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is composed of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance and elevated glucose, a pro-thrombotic state, and a pro-inflammatory state. Excess energy intake and concomitant obesity are the major drivers of the syndrome. Lifestyle intervention can reverse metabolic risk factors, but at times, drug therapies or bariatric surgery may be required to control more overt risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Electronic address: scott.grundy@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grundy
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents
keywords: Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Nutrition; Obesity