title: Analgesic Effects of Danggui-Shaoyao-San on Various "Phenotypes" of Nociception and Inflammation in a Formalin Pain Model.
abstract: Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has long been used for pain treatment and has been demonstrated to possess anti-oxidative, cognitive enhancement, and anti-depressant effects. In the present study, the effects of aqueous extracts of DSS on spontaneous pain behaviors and long-term hyperalgesia were examined to investigate the anti-nociceptive effects and underlying mechanisms. Single pretreatment of DSS dose-dependently reduced spontaneous flinches/licking time in the second, rather than the first, phase after subcutaneous injection of 5 % formalin into one hindpaw, in doses of 2.4 and 9.6 g/kg. DSS also dose-dependently inhibited FOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in both superficial and deep layers within the spinal dorsal horn. Further, DSS reduced hypoalgesia in the injected paw from 1 to 3 days and produced anti-hyperalgesic actions in both the injected paw after 3 days and non-injected paw. These data suggest involvement of enhancement of descending pain inhibition by suppression of 5-HTT levels in the spinal dorsal horn and reduction of peripheral long-term inflammation, including paw edema and ulcers. These findings suggest that DSS may be a useful therapeutic agent for short- and long-term inflammation induced pain, through both anti-inflammatory and suppression of central sensitization mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.|Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huang-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China. junpingkou@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. alankaye44@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alan David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China. wangwen@fmmu.edu.cn.|Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China. wangwen@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C531150:danggui-shaoyao-san; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012701:Serotonin; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Anti-nociception; Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS); FOS; Formalin test; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Serotonin transporter (5-HTT)