title: Compensatory function of the remaining testis is dissociated in boys and adolescents with monorchidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compensatory hypertrophy has been classically described in patients with monorchidism. However, it remains unclear whether there is a functional compensatory activity of the different cell populations. Our aim was to assess the functional capacity of the solitary testis in monorchid males from infancy through puberty in order to determine whether the remaining gonad is capable of compensating the functional activity of Sertoli and Leydig cells of the absent gonad.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study performed at a tertiary paediatric public hospital, we included 89 boys with monorchidism and 358 healthy controls, aged 6 months-18 years. Testicular volume and circulating levels of reproductive hormones were compared between patients with monorchidism and normal boys. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and FSH were used as biomarkers of the functional mass of prepubertal Sertoli cells, whereas serum testosterone and LH were used as biomarkers of Leydig cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the vast majority of the cases, the testicular volume of monorchid boys was smaller than the sum of the volume of both testes of healthy controls. Serum AMH was lower and FSH was higher in patients with monorchidism than in controls aged <3 and >13 years. Serum testosterone and LH did not differ significantly between patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In boys and adolescents with monorchidism, there is a dissociated capacity of the remaining testis to compensate for the absence of the other gonad: while Leydig cell function is largely compensated, Sertoli cell proliferation and function was lower than in controls.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE)CONICET - FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina andDepartamento de HistologíaBiología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Romina P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Grinspon
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE)CONICET - FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina andDepartamento de HistologíaBiología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE)CONICET - FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina andDepartamento de HistologíaBiología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bedecarrás
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE)CONICET - FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina andDepartamento de HistologíaBiología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE)CONICET - FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina andDepartamento de HistologíaBiología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr. César Bergadá' (CEDIE)CONICET - FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina andDepartamento de HistologíaBiología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina rodolforey@cedie.org.ar.
authors.forename: Rodolfo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rey
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000097:blood; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone