title: Elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the location of acute pulmonary embolism. Cross-sectional evaluation in hospital setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The location of embolism is associated with clinical findings and disease severity in cases of acute pulmonary embolism. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase increases under oxidative stress-related conditions. In this study, we investigated whether gamma-glutamyl transferase levels could predict the location of pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital-based cross-sectional study at Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 patients who were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism through computed tomography-assisted pulmonary angiography were evaluated. They were divided into two main groups (proximally and distally located), and subsequently into subgroups according to thrombus localization as follows: first group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery; n = 9); second group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery branches; n = 71); third group (thrombus in pulmonary artery segmental branches; n = 34); and fourth group (thrombus in pulmonary artery subsegmental branches; n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels on admission, heart rate, oxygen saturation, right ventricular dilatation/hypokinesia, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and cardiopulmonary resuscitation requirement showed prognostic significance in univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that gamma-glutamyl transferase level on admission (odds ratio, OR = 1.044; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.011-1.079; P = 0.009) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (OR = 1.063; 95% CI: 1.005-1.124; P = 0.033) remained independently associated with proximally localized thrombus in pulmonary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings revealed a significant association between increased existing embolism load in the pulmonary artery and increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozge
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zorlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ocal
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sebahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beton
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Birhan
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase