title: Transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty: a case series in a university center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcanal myringoplasty has the advantages of demanding lower operative time and minimal external incisions. It can be performed using the microscopic or endoscopic approach. In the last decade, the use of endoscopes in ear surgery has increased significantly. This technique may allow "around the corner" visualization of small recesses, through narrow spaces, without the aid of canalplasty in unfavorable ear canals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe a case series of transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty performed in a university service. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of this technique are also discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series study, based on the chart review of patients submitted to transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty in the period from January of 2012 to October of 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 22 patients were analyzed. Tympanic perforation closure three months after surgery was observed in 86.4% of all patients. There was statistically significant improvement in pure tone average thresholds after surgery (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty is a feasible, safe, and effective procedure; it can be an alternative to microscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro de Borborema
authors.initials: Lde B
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Figner
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Moussalem
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Santos Cruz de
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mangussi-Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: olmcruz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oswaldo Laércio Mendonça
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Norma de Oliveira
authors.initials: Nde O
authors.lastname: Penido
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Ricardo Gurgel
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Testa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009225:Myringoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Cirurgia endoscópica por orifício natural; Middle ear; Miringoplastia; Myringoplasty; Natural orifice endoscopic surgery; Orelha média; Timpanoplastia; Tympanoplasty