title: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Risk Score as a Predictor of In-hospital Mortality for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Trinidad and Tobago.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether risk stratification using the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score is a predictor of in-hospital mortality for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a multi-ethnic Caribbean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a six-month period, all patients meeting the GRACE diagnostic criteria for one of the acute coronary syndromes were entered into a prospective single-centre study at one of the major public hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago. Clinical data, the GRACE risk score and in-hospital morbidity and mortality were recorded. Patients were placed into three GRACE risk categories: low, intermediate or high risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 372 patients (mean age 63 years; males 56% and females 44%; hypertension 69%, diabetes mellitus 58%, positive smoking history 43%, previous myocardial infarction 34%), of which 25% were ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 56% non-ST-segment myocardial infarction and 19% unstable angina pectoris. In-hospital mortality was 8.3%. There were 35%, 33% and 32% of patients in the high, intermediate and low GRACE risk categories, respectively. The GRACE risk score demonstrated good discrimination (C statistic 0.82, 95% CI 0.755, 0879;p< 0.001) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow;p= 0.096) for in-hospital mortality in this ACS cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GRACE risk score was found to be a reliable predictor of in-hospital mortality in this ACS population and therefore can be used to identify those high-risk patients who may benefit from aggressive management strategies, thereby allowing for more effective use of limited resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. E-mail: tseemungal@aol.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seemungal
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; GRACE risk score; Killip score; Trinidad and Tobago; age; cardiac arrest; creatinine; in-hospital mortality