title: The linguistic validation of Russian version of Dutch four-dimensional symptoms questionnaire (4DSQ) for assessing distress, depression, anxiety and somatization in patients with borderline psychosomatic disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The four-dimensional symptom questionnaire (4DSQ) is an originally Dutch self-report questionnaire that has been developed in primary care to distinguish non-specific general distress from depression, anxiety and somatization. In order to produce the appropriate translated Russian version the process of linguistic validation has been initiated. This process has been done according to the "Linguistic Validation Manual for Health Outcome Assessments" developed by MAPI institute.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To produce the appropriate Russian version of the 4DSQ that is conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original Dutch version of the 4DSQ was translated by one translator into Russian. The validated English version of the 4DSQ was translated by another translator into Russian without mutual consultation. The consensus version was created based on two translated versions. After that the back translation was performed to Dutch, some changes were implemented to the consensus Russian version and the second target version was developed based on these results. The second target version was sent to an appropriate group of reviewers. Based on their comments, the second target version was updated. After wards this version was tested in patients during cognitive interview. The study protocol was approved by the Independent Interdisciplinary Ethics Committee on Ethical Review for Clinical Studies, and in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and ICH-GCP guidelines and local regulations. Enrolled patients provided written informed consent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the process of forward and backward translation, consultant and developer's comments, clinicians and cognitive review the final version of Russian 4DSQ was developed for assessment of distress, depression, anxiety and somatization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Russian 4DSQ as a result of translation procedures and cognitive interviews linguistically corresponds to the original Dutch 4DSQ and could be assessed in psychometric validation for the further using in general practice.
authors.affiliation: JSC Valenta Pharmaceuticals, Moscow, 119530, Russia. Vladimir.Arnautov@valentapharm.com.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Arnautov
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. drreihart@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Reyhart
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. Absmulevich@list.ru.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Smulevich
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. yahno@mma.ru.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Yakhno
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO-Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. berend@terluin.ne.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Terluin
authors.affiliation: JSC Valenta Pharmaceuticals, Moscow, 119530, Russia. Ekaterina.Zaharova@valentapharm.com.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Zakharova
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. alissia.va@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Andryushchenko
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. vladimirparfenov@mail.ru.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Parfenov
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. zamergrad@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Zamergrad
authors.affiliation: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University of Ministry of health of Russia, Moscow, 119991, Russia. newt777@mail.ru.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Romanov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012426:Russia; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult