title: How Localized are Language Brain Areas? A Review of Brodmann Areas Involvement in Oral Language.
abstract: The interest in understanding how language is "localized" in the brain has existed for centuries. Departing from seven meta-analytic studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging activity during the performance of different language activities, it is proposed here that there are two different language networks in the brain: first, a language reception/understanding system, including a "core Wernicke's area" involved in word recognition (BA21, BA22, BA41, and BA42), and a fringe or peripheral area ("extended Wernicke's area:" BA20, BA37, BA38, BA39, and BA40) involved in language associations (associating words with other information); second, a language production system ("Broca's complex:" BA44, BA45, and also BA46, BA47, partially BA6-mainly its mesial supplementary motor area-and extending toward the basal ganglia and the thalamus). This paper additionally proposes that the insula (BA13) plays a certain coordinating role in interconnecting these two brain language systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA ardilaa@fiu.edu.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardila
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department/Research Institute, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosselli
mesh_terms: D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D065711:Broca Area / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D065813:Wernicke Area / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Broca's area; Brodmann areas; Language; Meta-analysis; Wernicke's area