title: Serum inflammatory mediators correlate with disease activity in electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) syndrome.
abstract: We aimed to study serum cytokine levels in 11 electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) patients and 20 healthy control children. Patients showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)8/IL-8 than controls, while macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CCL3 were significantly lower. Follow-up analyses in five patients revealed a significant decrease of IL-6 levels after immunomodulating treatment. IL-6 changes were accompanied by clear improvement of electroencephalography (EEG) patterns and neuropsychological evaluation. We hypothesize that IL-6 correlates with disease activity and immunomodulating treatment efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Munckhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evelien E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kees P J
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H Myrthe
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michèl A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Royen-Kerkhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilco
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Floor E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000276:immunology; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508584:IL1A protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D016753:Interleukin-10; D011239:Prednisolone; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human; D008775:Methylprednisolone
keywords: CSWS; Continuous spikes and waves during sleep; Cytokines; ESES; Electrical status epilepticus during sleep; Landau-Kleffner syndrome