title: The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the immune responses to BCG and DTwP vaccines.
abstract: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and pertussis vaccines have been found to be insufficient and their further improvement is required. In order to develop improved vaccines, a better understanding of the main pathways involved in the host's protective immunity to the pathogens is crucial. We address the question as to whether the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production might affect the host responses to BCG and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines. The study population consisted of 118 healthy people, age range 18-30 years, who had been subjected to BCG and DTwP vaccination according to the state policy. Tuberculin skin testing (TST) revealed a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PPD (purified protein derivative) in 53% volunteers. The variability in development of the BCG-driven DTH to tuberculin prompted us to address a question as to whether Th1/Th2 polarization is involved in the lack of skin responsiveness to PPD. PPD-stimulated blood lymphocytes from TST(+) participants produced significantly more IFN-γ and less IL-10 than lymphocytes from TST(-) volunteers. However, TST(-) volunteers' sera contained more anti-pertussis IgG but not anti-diphtheria toxin IgG. Mycobacterial antigens and particularly PPD induced a higher expression of HLA-DR and co-stimulatory CD80 receptors on DCs from TST(+) than TST(-) participants. BCG but not PPD pulsed DCs from TST(-) volunteers produced significantly more IL-10. Mycobacterial antigen stimulated DCs from TST(+) volunteers induced a more intense IFN-γ production in co-cultures with autologous lymphocytes than the cells from TST(-) participants. Differences among the types of dendritic cell activities contribute to development of tuberculin reactivity in BCG vaccinated volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Druszczynska
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalewicz-Kulbat
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maszewska
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudnicka
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szpakowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wawrocki
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wlodarczyk
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiesława
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rudnicka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016207:Cytokines; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D018836:Inflammation Mediators