title: Evolutionary and Epidemiological Implications of Multiple Infection in Plants.
abstract: Recent methodological advances have uncovered tremendous microbial diversity cohabiting in the same host plant, and many of these microbes cause disease. In this review we highlight how the presence of other pathogen species, or other pathogen genotypes, within a plant can affect key components of host-pathogen interactions: (i) within-plant virulence and pathogen accumulation, through direct and host-mediated mechanisms; (ii) evolutionary trajectories of pathogen populations, through virulence evolution, generation of novel genetic combinations, and maintenance of genetic diversity; and (iii) disease dynamics, with multiple infection likely to render epidemics more devastating. The major future challenges are to couple a community ecology approach with a molecular investigation of the mechanisms operating under coinfection and to evaluate the evolution and effectiveness of resistance within a coinfection framework.
authors.affiliation: Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), Institut de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD) - Cirad - Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; Laboratoire Mixte International Patho-Bios, IRD-INERA (Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles), BP171, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tollenaere
authors.affiliation: Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Susi
authors.affiliation: Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: anna-liisa.laine@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Laine
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014774:Virulence
keywords: coinfection; epidemiology; pathogen evolution; plant diseases; resistance; virulence; within-host dynamics