title: Recovery Sleep Reverses Impaired Response Inhibition due to Sleep Restriction: Evidence from a Visual Event Related Potentials Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate response inhibition after total sleep deprivation (TSD) and the restorative effects of one night of recovery sleep (RS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy male participants performed a visual Go/NoGo task, and electroencephalogram recordings were conducted at five time points: (1) baseline, (2) after 12 h of TSD, (3) after 24 h of TSD, (4) after 36 h of TSD, and (5) following 8 h of RS. The dynamic changes in response inhibition during TSD and after 8 h of RS were investigated by examining the NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 event-related potential components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline, NoGo-P3 amplitudes were decreased, while the NoGo-N2 latency increased along with the awake time prolonged. NoGo anteriorization, which was minimized after 24 h of TSD, progressively decreased with increasing TSD. After 8 h of RS, recoveries of both the NoGo-P3 amplitude and NoGo-N2 latency in the prefrontal cortex were observed compared with the values after 36 h of TSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSD induced a dose-dependent functional decline in the response inhibition of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 on prefrontal cortex activation, and 8 h of RS resulted in recovery or maintenance of the response inhibition. However, it was not restored to baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants were chosen male college students only, thus the findings cannot be generalized to older people and women. Additionally, the sample size was small, and, thus, speculations on the meaning of the results of this study should be cautious. The EEG continuous recording should be employed to monitor the decline of alertness following TSD.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Enmao
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Lubin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Pinhong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Guiyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The 215th Clinic of 406th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongcong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult