title: Application of the Intervention Mapping protocol to develop Keys, a family child care home intervention to prevent early childhood obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many families rely on child care outside the home, making these settings important influences on child development. Nearly 1.5 million children in the U.S. spend time in family child care homes (FCCHs), where providers care for children in their own residences. There is some evidence that children in FCCHs are heavier than those cared for in centers. However, few interventions have targeted FCCHs for obesity prevention. This paper will describe the application of the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework to the development of a childhood obesity prevention intervention for FCCHs
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the IM protocol, six steps were completed in the planning and development of an intervention targeting FCCHs: needs assessment, formulation of change objectives matrices, selection of theory-based methods and strategies, creation of intervention components and materials, adoption and implementation planning, and evaluation planning
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of the IM process resulted in the creation of the Keys to Healthy Family Child Care Homes program (Keys), which includes three modules: Healthy You, Healthy Home, and Healthy Business. Delivery of each module includes a workshop, educational binder and tool-kit resources, and four coaching contacts. Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Determination Theory helped guide development of change objective matrices, selection of behavior change strategies, and identification of outcome measures. The Keys program is currently being evaluated through a cluster-randomized controlled trial
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IM process, while time-consuming, enabled rigorous and systematic development of intervention components that are directly tied to behavior change theory and may increase the potential for behavior change within the FCCHs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2200 W Main St, Box 104006, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. courd.mann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Courtney M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7426, USA. dsward@email.unc.edu.|Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2207 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA. dsward@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Dianne S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L. King Jr. Blvd, CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7426, USA. avaughn@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Behvaior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N Broadway, HH755, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. sara.neelon@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Benjamin Neelon
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2200 W Main St, Box 104006, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. joy.long@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Lenita J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Long Vidal
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2200 W Main St, Box 104006, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. sakinah.omar@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Sakinah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Rd, DUMC, Box 2713, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. rebecca.brouwer@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Namenek Brouwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2200 W Main St, Box 104006, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. truls.ostbye@dm.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Østbye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D000067576:Child Health; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D016730:Program Development; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States