title: Modeling of subglacial hydrological development following rapid supraglacial lake drainage.
abstract: The rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes injects substantial volumes of water to the bed of the Greenland ice sheet over short timescales. The effect of these water pulses on the development of basal hydrological systems is largely unknown. To address this, we develop a lake drainage model incorporating both (1) a subglacial radial flux element driven by elastic hydraulic jacking and (2) downstream drainage through a linked channelized and distributed system. Here we present the model and examine whether substantial, efficient subglacial channels can form during or following lake drainage events and their effect on the water pressure in the surrounding distributed system. We force the model with field data from a lake drainage site, 70 km from the terminus of Russell Glacier in West Greenland. The model outputs suggest that efficient subglacial channels do not readily form in the vicinity of the lake during rapid drainage and instead water is evacuated primarily by a transient turbulent sheet and the distributed system. Following lake drainage, channels grow but are not large enough to reduce the water pressure in the surrounding distributed system, unless preexisting channels are present throughout the domain. Our results have implications for the analysis of subglacial hydrological systems in regions where rapid lake drainage provides the primary mechanism for surface-to-bed connections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Model for subglacial hydrological analysis of rapid lake drainage eventsLimited subglacial channel growth during and following rapid lake drainagePersistence of distributed drainage in inland areas where channel growth is limited.
authors.affiliation: Glaciology Group, College of Science, Swansea University Swansea, UK ; Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.affiliation: Glaciology Group, College of Science, Swansea University Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulessa
authors.affiliation: Glaciology Group, College of Science, Swansea University Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Rutt
authors.affiliation: Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California, USA.
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Trinity Western University Langley, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van As
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindbäck
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.affiliation: Glaciology Group, College of Science, Swansea University Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hubbard
keywords: Greenland ice sheet; lake drainage; modeling; subglacial hydrology