title: A non-pharmacologic approach to decrease restraint use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an education intervention to decrease restraint use in patients in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit (TICU) and to evaluate nurses' perceptions regarding restraints.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure restraint use pre/post-intervention and to measure nurses' perceptions of restraint use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre/post-intervention design to collate incidences of delirium and restraints pre/post-intervention. Data reporting nurses' views and preferences were collected pre-intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assessed by nursing on admission and every shift with the Confusion Assessment Method for TICU. Restraint use was measured in a 24-hour period. Nurses' perception of restraints was measured using Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in restraint use before and after the educational intervention. Mean and standard deviation for restraints per 1000 patient days pre-intervention was 314.1 (35.4), post-intervention 237.8 (56.4) (p=0.008). Mean PRUQ overall, 3.57 (range 1-5) indicated that nurses had positive attitudes towards restraints in certain circumstances. The primary reasons for using restraints were: "protecting patients from falling out of bed", 37 (72.5%), and "protecting patients from falling out of chair", 34 (66.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that a low risk educational intervention aimed at use of an alternative device use can reduce restraint use.
authors.affiliation: HonorHealth John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85020, United States. Electronic address: Kari.Johnson@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Trauma Intensive Care Unit, HonorHealth John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85020, United States. Electronic address: Valerie.Curry@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.affiliation: Trauma Intensive Care Unit, HonorHealth John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85020, United States. Electronic address: Alison.Steubing@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steubing
authors.affiliation: Trauma Intensive Care Unit, HonorHealth John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85020, United States. Electronic address: Shelly.Diana@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diana
authors.affiliation: Trauma Intensive Care Unit, HonorHealth John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85020, United States. Electronic address: Andrea.McCray@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCray
authors.affiliation: Trauma Intensive Care Unit, HonorHealth John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85020, United States. Electronic address: Amanda.McFarren@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McFarren
authors.affiliation: HonorHealth Deer Valley Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85027, United States. Electronic address: Alisa.Domb@honorhealth.com.
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010465:Perception; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: CAM-ICU; Delirium; Nurse perception; Restraints; Sedation; Trauma Intensive Care Unit