title: Prediction of Lateral Ankle Sprains in Football Players Based on Clinical Tests and Body Mass Index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common injury suffered in sports, especially in football. While suggested in some studies, a predictive role of clinical tests for LAS has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine which clinical tests, focused on potentially modifiable factors of movement patterns and body mass index (BMI), could best demonstrate risk of LAS among high school and collegiate football players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 539 high school and collegiate football players were evaluated during the preseason with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Functional Movement Screen as well as BMI. Results were compared between players who did and did not suffer an LAS during the season. Logistic regression analyses and calculated odds ratios were used to determine which measures predicted risk of LAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LAS group performed worse on the SEBT-anterior reaching direction (SEBT-ANT) and had higher BMI as compared with the noninjured group (P < .001). The strongest prediction models corresponded with the SEBT-ANT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low performance on the SEBT-ANT predicted a risk of LAS in football players. BMI was also significantly higher in football players who sustained an LAS. Identifying clinical tools for successful LAS injury risk prediction will be a critical step toward the creation of effective prevention programs to reduce risk of sustaining an LAS during participation in football.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA phillip.gribble@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Phillip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gribble
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Capital University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Megan Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kosik
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lepley
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pietrosimone
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Abbey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D012574:Schools; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods; D014495:Universities
keywords: BMI; functional movement screen; injury risk; star excursion balance test