title: Retene causes multifunctional transcriptomic changes in the heart of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos.
abstract: Fish are particularly sensitive to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated developmental toxicity. The molecular mechanisms behind these adverse effects have remained largely unresolved in salmonids, and for AhR-agonistic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study explored the cardiac transcriptome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eleuteroembryos exposed to retene, an AhR-agonistic PAH. The embryos were exposed to retene (nominal concentration 32 μg/L) and control, their hearts were collected before, at and after the onset of the visible signs of developmental toxicity, and transcriptomic changes were studied by microarray analysis. Retene up- or down-regulated 122 genes. The largest Gene Ontology groups were signal transduction, transcription, apoptosis, cell growth, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion/mobility, cardiovascular development, xenobiotic metabolism, protein metabolism, lipid metabolism and transport, and amino acid metabolism. Together these findings suggest that retene affects multiple signaling cascades in the heart of rainbow trout embryos, and potentially disturbs processes related to cardiovascular development and function.
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address: eeva-riikka.vehniainen@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: Eeva-Riikka
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Vehniäinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre (FMSC), Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Sini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Junttila
authors.affiliation: Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre (FMSC), Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laiho
authors.affiliation: Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre (FMSC), Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gyenesei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Aimo O J
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oikari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; C447880:retene
keywords: Dioxin-like toxicity; Fish embryo; Transcriptomics