title: Effects of Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water on Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus Spores in Suspension and on Carriers.
abstract: Spores of some Bacillus species are responsible for food spoilage and foodborne disease. These spores are highly resistant to various interventions and cooking processes. In this study, the sporicidal efficacy of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water (AEW) and slightly acidic EO water (SAEW) with available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/L and treatment time for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 min were tested on Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spores in suspension and on carrier with or without organics. The reduction of spore significantly increased with increasing ACC and treatment time (P < 0.05). Nondetectable level of B. cereus spore in suspension occurred within 2 min after exposure to both EO waters containing 120 mg/L ACC, while only SAEW at 120 mg/L and 2 min treatment achieved >6 log reductions of B. subtilis spore. Both types of EO water with ACC of 60 mg/L and 6 min treatment achieved a reduction of B. subtilis and B. cereus spores to nondetectable level. EO water with ACC of 80 mg/L and treatment time of 3 min on carrier test without organics addition resulted in reductions of B. subtilis spore to nondetectable level. But, addition of 0.3% organics on carrier decreased the inactivation effect of EO water. This study indicated that EO water was highly effective in inactivation of B. subtilis and B. cereus spores in suspension or on carrier, and therefore, rendered it as a promising disinfectant to be applied in food industry.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-environmental Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural Univ, P.O. Box 67, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-environmental Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural Univ, P.O. Box 67, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.|College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural Univ, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ravirajsinh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jadeja
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Yen-Con
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000187:drug effects*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004572:Electrolysis; D019649:Food Industry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D013535:Suspensions; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D004202:Disinfectants; D013535:Suspensions; D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine
keywords: acidic electrolyzed water; carrier test; inactivation; slightly acidic electrolyzed water; spore