title: Forensic-paternity effectiveness and genetics population analysis of six non-CODIS mini-STR loci (D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  STRs are powerful tools intensively used in forensic and kinship studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In order to assess the effectiveness of non-CODIS genetic markers in forensic and paternity tests, the genetic composition of six mini short tandem repeats-mini-STRs-(D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and the microsatellite SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using multiplex polymerase chain reactions and capillary electrophoresis, this study genotyped all loci from 870 chromosomes and evaluated the statistical genetic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All mini-STRs studied were in agreement with HW and linkage equilibrium; however, an important HW departure for SE33 was found in the Mestizo population (p ≤ 0.0001). Regarding paternity and forensic statistical parameters, high values of combined power discrimination and mean power of exclusion were found using these seven markers. The principal co-ordinate analysis based on allele frequencies of three mini-STRs showed the complex genetic architecture of the Mestizo population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that this set of loci is suitable to genetically identify individuals in the Mexican population, supporting its effectiveness in human identification casework. In addition, these findings add new statistical values and emphasise the importance of the use of non-CODIS markers in complex populations in order to avoid erroneous assumptions.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular , Cinvestav-IPN , México D.F ., México.
authors.forename: Nelsi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burguete-Argueta
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Ingeniería , Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Laguna , Torreón , Coahuila , México.
authors.forename: Braulio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez De la Cruz
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Toxicología , Cinvestav-IPN , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camacho-Mejorado
authors.affiliation: d Laboratorio BIMODI (Biología Molecular Diagnóstica) , Querétaro , Qro. , México.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: d Laboratorio BIMODI (Biología Molecular Diagnóstica) , Querétaro , Qro. , México.
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noris
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Toxicología , Cinvestav-IPN , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Bayghen
authors.affiliation: e Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arellano-Galindo
authors.affiliation: f Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis , Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majluf-Cruz
authors.affiliation: g Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular , Cinvestav-IPN , México D.F . México.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio Meraz-Ríos
authors.affiliation: c Departamento de Toxicología , Cinvestav-IPN , México D.F. , México.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
mesh_terms: D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D053803:Forensic Genetics; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010334:Paternity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: Forensic sciences; Mexican population; native American populations; population genetics