title: Propofol-Induced Frontal Cortex Disconnection: A Study of Resting-State Networks, Total Brain Connectivity, and Mean BOLD Signal Oscillation Frequencies.
abstract: Propofol is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in the world, but much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which it induces loss of consciousness. In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined qualitative and quantitative changes of resting-state networks (RSNs), total brain connectivity, and mean oscillation frequencies of the regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, associated with propofol-induced mild sedation and loss of responsiveness in healthy subjects. We found that detectability of RSNs diminished significantly with loss of responsiveness, and total brain connectivity decreased strongly in the frontal cortex, which was associated with increased mean oscillation frequencies of the BOLD signal. Our results suggest a pivotal role of the frontal cortex in propofol-induced loss of responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guldenmund
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Ithabi S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gantner
authors.affiliation: 2 Computer Imaging and Medical Applications Laboratory, National University of Colombia , Bogotá, Colombia .|3 MoVeRe Group, Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|5 Department of Neurology, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demertzi
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boveroux
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|7 Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, CHR Hospital Citadelle , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonhomme
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|8 Department of Algology and Palliative Care, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhaudenhuyse
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|5 Department of Neurology, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Marie-Aurélie
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|5 Department of Neurology, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gosseries
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Noirhomme
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|6 Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Muriëlle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.affiliation: 9 Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boly
authors.affiliation: 10 Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: 1 Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .|5 Department of Neurology, CHU University Hospital, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium .
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laureys
authors.affiliation: 11 Department of Computer Science, Central University of Colombia , Bogotá, Colombia .
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada .
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soddu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol
keywords: consciousness; mean BOLD signal oscillation frequency; propofol; resting-state fMRI; total brain connectivity