title: Comparative study between simple and optimized liposomal dispersion of quetiapine fumarate for diffusion through nasal route.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal route of drug administration is preferred more and more for the targeted delivery to the brain in current drug development scenario due to its ease of use, reliability, quick action, and lesser side effects. Those CNS drugs which have limited oral bioavailability due to pharmacokinetic consequences and brain barrier repulsion are getting onto this direction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Quetiapine fumarate, an analogous to above and an antischizophrenic agent, is tested for its diffusion property with and without lipophilic carrier through sheep nasal membrane. Being a BCS class II' and high permeable candidate, it tends to crossover easily, so made up in a simple dispersion.
  
  
  METHODS
  To improve its diffusion rate, it was embedded into liposomal dispersion, which has proven that it has advanced efficiency for diffusion. For this, both the formulations were checked and compared for their diffusion profile, as it is an essential property for bioavailability through nasal route. Comparison was made on the basis of % drug diffusion within 6 h, rate, mechanism, profile, and coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liposomal dispersion has been proved superior with greater percentage diffusion of 32.61 ± 1.70 and very high permeability with a coefficient value of 4.1334 ± 0.7321 (× 10 (-) (5 )cm/s). Diffusion profile comparison bearing dissimilarity of 18 and similarity of 74 indicated that the diffusion profiles of liposomal dispersions and simple dispersion were similar but not identical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liposomal diffusion supremacy was further sustained by in vivo, ciliotoxicity, and gamma scintigraphy studies.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , L. J. Institute of Pharmacy , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India and.
authors.forename: Pratik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , L. J. Institute of Pharmacy , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India and.
authors.forename: Jatin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , L. J. Institute of Pharmacy , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India and.
authors.forename: Kilambi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pundarikakshudu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot , Gujarat , India.
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheth
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008081:Liposomes; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D010539:Permeability; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate
keywords: Brain targeting; diffusion; dispersion; liposomes; nasal route; quetiapine fumarate