title: Silica Gel: Non-Toxic Ingestion with Epidemiologic and Economic Implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to silica gel, a common desiccant, is considered common and non-toxic although data are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the characteristics of silica gel ingestion, and to attempt to estimate the associated health care costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a one year retrospective review of charts of a national poison information center to characterize ingestions of silica gel and estimate its direct cost to health care services. Cost evaluation was based on emergency department and community clinic tariffs (NIS 807/US$ 213 and NIS 253/US$ 67, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 546 cases were recorded, 2.1% of the annual calls to the poison information center. Most ingestions occurred in children younger than 6 years old (91.4%, 65.2% < 2 years). Median monthly exposure was 42; the peak (74) occurred in April, before the Passover holiday. Sixty calls (11%) came from health care facilities and the rest were reported by the public; 2.7% were symptomatic, mainly mild self-limited mouth and throat discomfort. The direct annual treatment cost of patients who referred themselves to health care facilities without consulting first with the Poison Center (n = 60) was NIS 24,598/US$ 6507 (emergency department and community clinic visit fees).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silica gel ingestion is relatively common, occurring mainly in young children; it is rarely symptomatic but is a source of unnecessary referrals to health care facilities. The potential annual saving by preventing unnecessary referrals due to poison information center advice was estimated at NIS 375,678/US$ 99,383. The availability of poison information center services may prevent unnecessary referrals to health care facilities and thus save costs.
authors.forename: Ophir
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lavon
authors.forename: Yedidia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bentur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058428:Silica Gel / Q000506:poisoning*; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D058428:Silica Gel