title: Gut microbiota in Malawian infants in a nutritional supplementation trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether two forms of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) or a micronutrient-fortified corn-soya blend were associated with development of the gut microbiota in Malawian infants, to assess the microbiota profiles at the age of 6 and 18 months and to follow the changes during the 12-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a substudy of a 4-arm randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Malawi. Infants at the age of 6 months were randomised to receive no supplement during the primary follow-up period (control), 54 g/day of micronutrient-fortified LNS with milk protein base (milk LNS), 54 g/day of micronutrient-fortified LNS with soya protein base (soya LNS), or 71 g/day of micronutrient-fortified corn-soya blend for 12 months. Stool samples were collected at baseline (6 months) and end of trial (18 months). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to multiplex sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 213 infants had paired microbiota data at 6 and 18 months of age. The Dirichlet-multinomial test showed no significant difference in microbiota profile between the four intervention groups at either age (each P > 0.10). Bifidobacterium longum was most abundant at both ages. Lactobacillus ruminis, Shigella and Salmonella were present. The abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium increased with age (each P < 0.001), while Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae exhibited significant decrease (each P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutritional supplementation by LNS or corn-soya blend for twelve months did not affect the gut microbiota profile in the rural Malawian context.
authors.affiliation: Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.|Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yin Bun
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.|School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangani
authors.affiliation: Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Yue-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.affiliation: Functional Food Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Seppo Jaakko
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maleta
authors.affiliation: Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.|Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D012424:Rural Population; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: Gut microbiota; Malawi; bebé; infant; microbiota intestinal; microbiote intestinal; nourrisson; nutritional supplement; suplmento nutricional; supplément nutritionnel