title: Intra-generic and interspecific karyotype patterns of Leptodactylus and Adenomera (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with inclusion of five species from Central Amazonia.
abstract: The genera Leptodactylus and Adenomera comprise 92 species distributed throughout the Neotropical region. These species have a modal diploid chromosome number 2n = 22. However, chromosome rearrangements are evident in the differentiation of five intra-generic groups in the genus Leptodactylus (L. fuscus, L. latrans, L. marmoratus (formally composed by the species of the genus Adenomera), L. melanonotus, L. pentadactylus), yet it is not clear if there is a karyotype pattern for each group. Aiming to understand the intra-generic and interspecific karyotype patterns of Leptodactylus and Adenomera, cytogenetic analyses were performed in A. andreae, L. macrosternum, L. pentadactylus, L. petersii, and L. riveroi using conventional staining, C-banding, nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and hybridization in situ fluorescent (FISH). The karyotype of Leptodactylus riveroi was described for the first time. Adenomera andreae had 2n = 26, while the remaining species 2n = 22. The NOR was found on pair No. 8 of A. andreae, L. macrosternum, L. pentadactylus, and L. riveroi, whereas L. petersii had it on pairs Nos. 6 and 10. These locations were confirmed by the FISH with 18S rDNA probe, except for pair No. 10 of L. petersii. The C-banding pattern was evident at the centromeres of chromosomes of all species and some interspecific variations were also observed. 2n = 22 was observed in the species of the L. latrans group, as well as in the intra-generic groups L. fuscus and L. pentadactylus; in the L. melanonotus group there were three diploid chromosome numbers 2n = 20, 22 and 24; and a larger variation in 2n was also evident in the L. marmoratus group.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69080-971, Brazil. anacoelhobio@gmail.com.|Laboratório de Citogenômica, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil. anacoelhobio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69080-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Lemos
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: de Mattos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69080-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Av. Silvio Américo Sasdelli, 1842 - Vila A, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Leandra
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Terencio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Citogenômica, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Citogenômica, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menin
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Citogenômica, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Claudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D004171:Diploidy; D005260:Female; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D059785:Karyotype; D008297:Male; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
keywords: Anuran cytotaxonomy; Chromosome banding; Leptodactylid diversity; NOR phenotypes; rDNA FISH