title: Face, content, construct, and concurrent validity of a novel robotic surgery patient-side simulator: the Xperience™ Team Trainer.
abstract: To determine the face, content, construct, and concurrent validity of the Xperience™ Team Trainer (XTT) as an assessment tool of robotic surgical bed-assistance skills.
  
  
  
  Subjects were recruited during a robotic surgery curriculum. They were divided into three groups: the group RA with robotic bed-assistance experience, the group LS with laparoscopic surgical experience, and the control group without bed-assistance or laparoscopic experience. The subjects first performed two standard FLS exercises on a laparoscopic simulator for the assessment of basic laparoscopic skills. After that, they performed three virtual reality exercises on XTT, and then performed similar exercises on physical models on a da Vinci(®) box trainer.
  
  
  
  Twenty-eight persons volunteered for and completed the tasks. Most expert subjects agreed on the realism of XTT and the three exercises, and also their interest for teamwork and bed-assistant training. The group RA and the group LS demonstrated a similar level of basic laparoscopic skills. Both groups performed better than the control group on the XTT exercises (p < 0.05). The performance superiority of the group RA over LS was observed but not statistically significant. Correlation of performance was determined between the tests on XTT and on da Vinci(®) box trainer.
  
  
  
  The introduction of XTT facilitates the training of bedside assistants and emphasizes the importance of teamwork, which may change the paradigm of robotic surgery training in the near future. As an assessment tool of bed-assistance skills, XTT proves face, content, and concurrent validity. However, these results should be qualified considering the potential limitations of this exploratory study with a relatively small sample size. The training modules remain to be developed, and more complex and discriminative exercises are expected. Other studies will be needed to further determine construct validity in the future.
authors.affiliation: IADI/Inserm U947, Lorraine University, Nancy, 54000, France.|Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: IADI/Inserm U947, Lorraine University, Nancy, 54000, France.|Department of Emergency and General Surgery, CHU Nancy, Nancy, 54000, France.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: IADI/Inserm U947, Lorraine University, Nancy, 54000, France.|Department of Emergency and General Surgery, CHU Nancy, Nancy, 54000, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perrenot
authors.affiliation: IADI/Inserm U947, Lorraine University, Nancy, 54000, France.|Department of Urology, Brabois Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Allée du Morvan, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.affiliation: IADI/Inserm U947, Lorraine University, Nancy, 54000, France. j.hubert@chu-nancy.fr.|Department of Urology, Brabois Hospital, University Hospital of Nancy, Allée du Morvan, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. j.hubert@chu-nancy.fr.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hubert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D000066908:Simulation Training
keywords: Bedside assistant; Robotic simulator; Robotic surgical training; Validity; Virtual reality simulation; Xperience Team Trainer