title: Periodontitis prevalence and serum antibody reactivity to periodontal bacteria in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were as follows: (i) To assess the prevalence of periodontitis among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and comparator groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). (ii) To perform a pilot study to compare serum antibody responses to 10 oral/periodontal bacteria in these patient groups and a historical comparator group of patients with periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard clinical periodontal assessments were performed on 39 pSS, 36 RA and 23 OA patients and "In-house" antibody ELISAs for serum antibodies against 10 oral/periodontal bacteria were performed in these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six percent of the pSS group, 64% of the RA group and 48% of the OA group had moderate/severe periodontitis. These frequencies did not reach statistical significance between groups. Raised antibody levels to Prevotella denticola were found in the pSS, RA and periodontitis groups compared to the OA group. Significant between group differences were seen for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Campylobacter showae. None of these differences were specifically associated with pSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed no increase in periodontitis in pSS patients. Although the P. denticola data are of interest, identifying bacterial triggering factors for pSS will likely require alternative strategies including modern techniques such as microbiome analysis.
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Bozo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lugonja
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Milward
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Iain L C
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Saaeha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rauz
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Geraint P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Pablo
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poveda-Gallego
authors.affiliation: School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheel-Toellner
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bowman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis; D015995:Prevalence; D018713:Prevotella intermedia; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome
keywords: Sjogren's; bacterial reactivity; periodontitis