title: Oleacein enhances anti-inflammatory activity of human macrophages by increasing CD163 receptor expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oleacein (dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol; 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) have been proven to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examined whether oleacein could increase CD163 and IL-10 receptor expression as well as HO-1 intracellular secretion in human macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effect of oleacein (10 and 20 μmol/l) or oleacein together with complexes of haemoglobin (Hb) and haptoglobin 1-1 (Hp11) or haptoglobin 2-2 (Hp22) on expression of IL-10 and CD163 receptor was determined by Flow Cytometry. Expression of CD163mRNA was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) intracellular secretion in macrophages was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oleacein (OC) together with complexes HbHp11 or HbHp22 stimulated the expression of CD163 (30-100-fold), IL-10 (170-300-fold) and HO-1 secretion (60-130-fold) after 5 days of coincubation. The 2-fold (24 h), 4-fold (48 h) increase of CD163 mRNA level and its final (72 h) decrease was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that oleacein enhances anti-inflammatory activity of complexes haemoglobin with haptoglobin 1-1 and 2-2 and could play a potential role in the prevention of inflammatory disease related to atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filipek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Czerwińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacogenomics, Division of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrzosek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: marek.naruszewicz@wum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naruszewicz
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011714:Pyrans; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D053701:Receptors, Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: C547883:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde; D000447:Aldehydes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000975:Antioxidants; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D006242:Haptoglobins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010636:Phenols; D011714:Pyrans; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D053701:Receptors, Interleukin-10; C578055:oleacein; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Atherosclerosis; CD163; Carotid plaque; Macrophages; Oleacein