title: Technologies for retrieving sediment cores in Antarctic subglacial settings.
abstract: Accumulations of sediment beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet contain a range of physical and chemical proxies with the potential to document changes in ice sheet history and to identify and characterize life in subglacial settings. Retrieving subglacial sediments and sediment cores presents several unique challenges to existing technologies. This paper briefly reviews the history of sediment sampling in subglacial environments. It then outlines some of the technological challenges and constraints in developing the corers being used in sub-ice shelf settings (e.g. George VI Ice Shelf and Larsen Ice Shelf), under ice streams (e.g. Rutford Ice Stream), at or close to the grounding line (e.g. Whillans Ice Stream) and in subglacial lakes deep under the ice sheet (e.g. Lake Ellsworth). The key features of the corers designed to operate in each of these subglacial settings are described and illustrated together with comments on their deployment procedures.
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK Department of Geography, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK daho@bas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Dominic A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-3746
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-0019
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klepacki
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-1767
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makinson
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 West Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2828, USA.
authors.forename: Reed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 West Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2828, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Slawek
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tulaczyk
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place 2, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mowlem
authors.affiliation: Keen Marine Limited, 15 Minerva Road, East Cowes, Isle of Wight PO32 6HD, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.affiliation: The Grantham Institute and Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Siegert
keywords: extremophiles; ice sheet history; sediment; subglacial