title: Informal caregivers and detection of delirium in postacute care: a correlational study of the confusion assessment method (CAM), confusion assessment method-family assessment method (CAM-FAM) and DSM-IV criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delirium is a common, serious and potentially life-threatening syndrome affecting older adults. This syndrome continues to be under-recognised and under treated by healthcare professionals across all care settings. Older adults who develop delirium have poorer outcomes, higher mortality and higher care costs. The purposes of this study were to correlate the confusion assessment method-family assessment method and confusion assessment method in the detection of delirium in postacute care, to correlate the confusion assessment method-family assessment method and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision criteria in detection of delirium in postacute care, to determine the prevalence of delirium in postacute care elders and to describe the relationship of level of cognitive impairment and delirium in the postacute care setting. Implications for Practice Delirium is disturbing for patients and caregivers. Frequently . family members want to provide information about their loved one. The use of the CAM-FAM and CAM can give a more definitive determination of baseline status. Frequent observations using both instruments may lead to better recognition of delirium and implementation of interventions to prevent lasting sequelae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive studies determined the strengths of relationship between the confusion assessment method, confusion assessment method-family assessment method, Mini-Cog and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision criteria in detection of delirium in the postacute care setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of delirium in this study was 35%. The confusion assessment method-family assessment method highly correlates with the confusion assessment method and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders text revision criteria for detecting delirium in older adults in the postacute care setting. Persons with cognitive impairment are more likely to develop delirium. Family members recognise symptoms of delirium when asked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The confusion assessment method-family assessment method is a valid tool for detection of delirium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delirium is disturbing for patients and caregivers. Frequently. family members want to provide information about their loved one. The use of the CAM-FAM and CAM can give a more definitive determination of baseline status. Frequent observations using both instruments may lead to better recognition of delirium and implementation of interventions to prevent lasting sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Decker School of Nursing, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nina M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.affiliation: Decker School of Nursing, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gale
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D017028:Caregivers; D057189:Checklist; D003221:Confusion / Q000175:diagnosis; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: confusion; confusion assessment; delirium; dementia; informal caregivers; postacute care