title: An MLC-based version for the ecliptic method for the determination of backscatter into the beam monitor chambers in photon beams of medical accelerators.
abstract: A very simple method to measure the effect of the backscatter from secondary collimators into the beam monitor chambers in linear accelerators equipped with multi-leaf collimators (MLC) is presented here. The backscatter to the monitor chambers from the upper jaws of the secondary collimator was measured on three beam-matched linacs by means of three methods: this new methodology, the ecliptic method, and assessing the variation of the beam-on time per monitor unit with dose rate feedback disabled. This new methodology was used to assess the backscatter characteristics of asymmetric over-traveling jaws. Excellent agreement between the backscatter values measured using the new methodology introduced here and the ones obtained using the other two methods was established. The experimental values reported here differ by less than 1% from published data. The sensitivity of this novel technique allowed differences in backscatter due to the same opening of the jaws, when placed at different positions on the beam path, to be resolved. The introduction of the ecliptic method has made the determination of the backscatter to the monitor chambers an easy procedure. The method presented here for machines equipped with MLCs makes the determination of backscatter to the beam monitor chambers even easier, and suitable to characterize linacs equipped with over-traveling asymmetric secondary collimators. This experimental procedure could be simply implemented to fully characterize the backscatter output factor constituent when detailed dosimetric modeling of the machine's head is required. The methodology proved to be uncomplicated, accurate and suitable for clinical or experimental environments.
authors.affiliation: Andrew Love Cancer Centre, University Hospital Geelong, 70 Swanston St, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. fnelli@barwonhealth.org.au.
authors.forename: Flavio Enrico
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-8466
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Nelli
mesh_terms: D010315:Particle Accelerators; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation
keywords: Backscatter; MLC; Output factor