title: Neuroprotective compounds of Tilia amurensis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tilia amurensis (Tiliacese) has been used for anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory in Korea, China, and Japan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we isolated five compounds from T. amurensis and determined whether protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compounds were isolated using chromatographic techniques including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 open column and high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and evaluated neuroprotective effect in HT22 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), nudiposide (3), lyoniside (4), and scopoletin (5) were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation from the ethyl acetate fraction of T. amurensis. Among them, (-)-epicatechin, nudiposide, lyoniside, and scopoletin had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-injured neurotoxicity in HT22 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that compound two, three, four, and five have a pronounced protective effect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bohyung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Bae
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Rye
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea ; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Choong Je
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ma
keywords: Bioactivity compounds; HT22 cell; glutamate excitotoxicity; neuroprotection; tilia amurensis