title: Recent progress in applications of nanoparticles in fish medicine: A review.
abstract: Nanotechnology has become an extensive field of research due to the unique properties of nanoparticles, which enable novel applications. Nanoparticles have found their way into many applications in the field of medicine, including diagnostics, vaccination, drug and gene delivery. In this review, we focused on the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on the problem of antibiotic resistant bacteria in fisheries. The use of nanoparticle-based vaccines against many viral pathogens is a developing field in fish medicine research. Nanoparticles have gained much interest as a specific and sensitive tool for diagnosis of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in aquaculture. Nevertheless our review also highlights the many applications of nanotechnology that are still to be explored in fish medicine.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Advance in nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanomedicine, with many ideas being used in clinical diagnosis and therapy. In this review article, the authors described the current use of nanotechnology in fish medicine. The knowledge would also impart important information for our daily living.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Fish Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaalan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Fish Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Mahdy
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Fish Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: mansour.el-matbouli@vetmeduni.ac.at.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Matbouli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005399:Fishes; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Antimicrobial; Diagnosis; Fish diseases; Fish vaccines; Nanoparticles