title: Vitamin D status and vascular dementia due to cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly Asian Indian population.
abstract: Vitamin D plays vital roles in human health and recent studies have shown its beneficial effect on brain functioning. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of vitamin D with vascular dementia (VaD) due to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in Asian Indian population. 140 VaD patients aged ≥ 60 years with neuroimaging evidence of SVD, and 132 age and gender-matched controls, were investigated. Vitamin D status was estimated by measuring serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Logistic regression model revealed that deficient levels of vitamin D (<12 ng/ml) were associated with 2.2-fold increase in odds of VaD after adjustment with covariates. Hypertension was independently associated with 11.3-fold increased odds of VaD. In hypertensives with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml), the odds were increased to 31.6-fold and 14.4-fold, respectively. However, in hypertensives with vitamin D sufficiency (>20 ng/ml), the odds of VaD were increased by 3.8-fold only. Pearson correlation showed that serum vitamin D was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.401 and -0.411, p<0.01, respectively) in vitamin D-deficient subjects. Since the combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increases the probability of developing VaD, screening for vitamin D status in addition to regular monitoring of blood pressure, could reduce the risk of VaD associated with cerebral SVD in the elderly Asian Indian subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Puttachandra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Sadanandavalli Retnaswami
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Manjunath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Supriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Thomas Gregor
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Issac
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
authors.forename: Chandrajit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India. Electronic address: rita@nimhans.kar.nic.in.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Christopher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Cerebral small vessel disease; Elderly; Hypertension; Vascular dementia; Vascular risk; Vitamin D