title: Raeder syndrome: Paratrigeminal oculosympathetic syndrome presenting as a manifestation of chronic sinusitis.
abstract: Raeder syndrome (paratrigeminal oculosympathetic syndrome) is a rare clinical entity characterized by ipsilateral trigeminal sensory deficits, ptosis, and miosis, with an absence of anhidrosis secondary to interruption of the postganglionic oculosympathetic pathway. Going back to its original description, this constellation of physical examination findings has historically been associated with intracranial pathology involving the middle cranial fossa. Understanding this pathway is important in distinguishing Raeder syndrome from Horner syndrome, as the presentation of the former is now recognized to accompany a number of other disease entities in the head and neck region. We present an unusual case of Raeder syndrome associated with bacterial sinusitis, and we discuss its management and review the literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laryngology, Rhinology, and General Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, 1904 Taubman Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5312, USA.
authors.forename: Cedric V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Pritchett
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zacharek
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006732:Horner Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D015877:Miosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D034364:Streptococcus milleri Group; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020433:Trigeminal Nerve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*