title: Glutaredoxin S15 Is Involved in Fe-S Cluster Transfer in Mitochondria Influencing Lipoic Acid-Dependent Enzymes, Plant Growth, and Arsenic Tolerance in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are small proteins that function as oxidoreductases with roles in deglutathionylation of proteins, reduction of antioxidants, and assembly of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing enzymes. Which of the 33 Grxs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) perform roles in Fe-S assembly in mitochondria is unknown. We have examined in detail the function of the monothiol GrxS15 in plants. Our results show its exclusive mitochondrial localization, and we are concluding it is the major or only Grx in this subcellular location. Recombinant GrxS15 has a very low deglutathionylation and dehydroascorbate reductase activity, but it binds a Fe-S cluster. Partially removing GrxS15 from mitochondria slowed whole plant growth and respiration. Native GrxS15 is shown to be especially important for lipoic acid-dependent enzymes in mitochondria, highlighting a putative role in the transfer of Fe-S clusters in this process. The enhanced effect of the toxin arsenic on the growth of GrxS15 knockdown plants compared to wild type highlights the role of mitochondrial glutaredoxin Fe-S-binding in whole plant growth and toxin tolerance.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia (E.S., J.G., C.C., R.F., A.H.M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia (J.W.).
authors.forename: Elke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-9012
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ströher
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia (E.S., J.G., C.C., R.F., A.H.M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia (J.W.).
authors.forename: Julia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-4983
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grassl
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia (E.S., J.G., C.C., R.F., A.H.M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia (J.W.).
authors.forename: Chris
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4240-4674
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrie
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia (E.S., J.G., C.C., R.F., A.H.M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia (J.W.).
authors.forename: Ricarda
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-8525
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fenske
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia (E.S., J.G., C.C., R.F., A.H.M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia (J.W.).
authors.forename: James
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-025X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, M316, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia (E.S., J.G., C.C., R.F., A.H.M.); and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia (J.W.) harvey.millar@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: A Harvey
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-1473
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Millar
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D017343:Genes, Plant; D054477:Glutaredoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D001151:Arsenic