title: Prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia by two-dimensional and three-dimensional skeletal imaging ultrasound.
abstract: This study sought to evaluate the contribution of two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and three-dimensional skeletal imaging ultrasound (3D-SUIS) in the prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelia. Between September 2010 and April 2014, a prospective study was conducted in a single referral center using 3D-SUIS performed after 2D-US in 10 cases of sirenomelia. Diagnostic accuracy and detailed findings were compared with postnatal three-dimensional helical computed tomography (3D-HCT), radiological findings and autopsy. Pregnancy was terminated in all 10 sirenomelia cases, including 9 singletons and 1 conjoined twin pregnancy, for a total of 5 males and 5 females. These cases of sirenomelia were determined by autopsy and/or chromosomal examination. Initial 2D-US showed that there were 10 cases of oligohydramnios, bilateral renal agenesis, bladder agenesis, single umbilical artery, fusion of the lower limbs and spinal abnormalities; 8 cases of dipus or monopus; 2 cases of apus; and 8 cases of cardiac abnormalities. Subsequent 3D-SUIS showed that there were 9 cases of scoliosis, 10 cases of sacrococcygeal vertebra dysplasia, 3 cases of hemivertebra, 1 case of vertebral fusion, 3 cases of spina bifida, and 5 cases of rib abnormalities. 3D-SUIS identified significantly more skeletal abnormalities than did 2D-US, and its accuracy was 79.5% (70/88) compared with 3D-HCT and radiography. 3D-SUIS seems to be a useful complementary method to 2D-US and may improve the accuracy of identifying prenatal skeletal abnormalities related to sirenomelia.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Medical Ultrasound, Hubei Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China.|Deparment of Medical Ultrasound, the First Clinical Hospital of Three Gorges University (Yichang Central People's Hospital), Yichang, 443003, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Medical Ultrasound, Hubei Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China. 928339431@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Medical Ultrasound, Hubei Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Computerized Tomography, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, 430015, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: sirenomelia; three-dimensional helical computed tomography; three-dimensional skeletal imaging ultrasound