title: Estimation of the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale in primary open-angle glaucoma: the Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study (GSAS), a cross-sectional multicenter collaborative study, used a stereo fundus camera (nonmyd WX) to assess various morphological parameters of the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma patients. We examined the associations between the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS), a grading system for estimating glaucomatous ONH damage, and each parameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 187 eyes of 187 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma. ONH morphological parameters including the DDLS stage were calculated with prototype analysis software. Three independent graders classified each optic disc appearance into four different types: focal ischemic, myopic glaucomatous, senile sclerotic, and generalized enlargement. The correlations between the DDLS and patient characteristics or each ONH parameter were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DDLS was correlated positively with baseline intraocular pressure and visual field pattern standard deviation, and negatively with visual field mean deviation. The DDLS was strongly correlated with vertical cup-to-disc ratio and horizontal cup-to-disc ratio positively, and with minimum rim-disc ratio negatively. The mean DDLS stage in the myopic glaucomatous type tended to be higher than the scores in other types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DDLS obtained through three-dimensional ONH analysis correlates well with the severity of glaucomatous ONH and visual field damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan. kitaoka@marianna-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, 200 Horomachi, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8506, Japan.|Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya 89-1, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanito
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, 7-1 Funabashi, Wadanaka-machi, Fukui, 918-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Teishin Hospital, 14-Jo 1-5-1 Kawazoe, Minami-ku, Sapporo, 005-8798, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omodaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D057066:Low Tension Glaucoma / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014794:Visual Fields
keywords: Disc Damage Likelihood Scale; Normal tension glaucoma; Optic nerve head; Primary open-angle glaucoma; Stereo fundus camera