title: Nurses' Perceptions of Caring for Childbearing Women who Misuse Opioids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored obstetric nurses' perceptions of providing inpatient care during labor, birth, and postpartum to pregnant and parenting women with histories of misusing opioids. Specific aims included to 1) describe common themes associated with nurses' perceptions of caring for this population, and 2) identify specific areas for intervention development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grounded theory methods, as described by Corbin and Strauss, were used to guide data collection and to identify common themes. Initially, eight inpatient obstetric nurses working in large, urban birthing centers in Washington State were interviewed using semistructured interviews. Follow-up interviews with four of the nurses were conducted to validate emergent themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four themes were derived: needing more knowledge, feeling challenged, expressing concern for mother and infant, and knowing the truth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four themes can have an impact on nursing practice and patient outcomes by providing specific areas for intervention development focusing on this population of vulnerable women. Nurses described several ideas for intervention development including continuing education offerings relevant to caring for mothers who misuse opioids, collaborating with providers to design education, reevaluating pain-management philosophies and practices at all levels, and working with social workers to explore available and needed community resources. Future research includes the evaluation of newly developed personalized interventions; the examination of the empirical linkages among key mother and child health outcomes; the delivery of specific nursing therapeutics; and the exploration of providers' and patients' perceptions and knowledge of opioid misuse during pregnancy, birth, and beyond.
authors.affiliation: Michele Rose Shaw is an Assistant Professor at Washington State University, College of Nursing, Spokane, WA. The author can be reached via e-mail at michele_shaw@wsu.edu Crystal Lederhos, Washington State University, College of Nursing, Spokane, WA. Mel Haberman is a Professor at Washington State University, College of Nursing, Spokane, WA. Donelle Howell is an Assistant Professor at Washington State University, College of Nursing, Spokane, WA. Susan Fleming is an Assistant Professor at Seattle University, College of Nursing, Seattle, WA. John Roll is Senior Vice Chancellor at Washington State University, Spokane, WA.
authors.forename: Michele Rose
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lederhos
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haberman
authors.forename: Donelle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D066296:Grounded Theory; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000523:psychology*; D009773:Obstetric Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012938:Social Perception; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000451:nursing*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid