title: New speckle-tracking algorithm for right ventricular volume analysis from three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets: validation with cardiac magnetic resonance and comparison with the previous analysis tool.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (i) To validate a new software for right ventricular (RV) analysis by 3D echocardiography (3DE) against cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR); (ii) to assess the accuracy of different measurement approaches; and (iii) to explore any benefits vs. the previous software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively studied with 3DE and CMR 47 patients (14-82 years, 28 men) having a wide range of RV end-diastolic volumes (EDV 82-354 mL at CMR) and ejection fractions (EF 34-81%). Multi-beat RV 3DE data sets were independently analysed with the new software using both automated and manual editing options, as well as with the previous software. RV volume reproducibility was tested in 15 random patients. RV volumes and EF measurements by the new software had an excellent accuracy (bias ± SD: -15 ± 24 mL for EDV; 1.4 ± 4.9% for EF) and reproducibility compared with CMR, provided that the RV borders automatically tracked by software were systematically edited by operator. The automated analysis option underestimated the EDV, overestimated the ESV, and largely underestimated the EF (bias ± SD: -17 ± 10%). RV volumes measured with the new software using manual editing showed similar accuracy, but lower inter-observer variability and shorter analysis time (3-5') in comparison with the previous software.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel vendor-independent 3DE software enables an accurate, reproducible and faster quantitation of RV volumes and ejection fraction. Rather than optional, systematic verification of border tracking quality and manual editing are mandatory to ensure accurate 3DE measurements. These findings are relevant for echocardiography laboratories aiming to implement 3DE for RV analysis for both research and clinical purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy denisa.muraru@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muraru
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spadotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cecchetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aruta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ermacora
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenei
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cucchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliceto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Badano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012984:Software; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology
keywords: magnetic resonance; right ventricle; right ventricular function; speckle tracking; three-dimensional echocardiography; validation