title: Early detection of cardiac dysfunction in the type 1 diabetic heart using speckle-tracking based strain imaging.
abstract: Enhanced sensitivity in echocardiographic analyses may allow for early detection of changes in cardiac function beyond the detection limits of conventional echocardiographic analyses, particularly in a small animal model. The goal of this study was to compare conventional echocardiographic measurements and speckle-tracking based strain imaging analyses in a small animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conventional analyses revealed differences in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, cardiac output, and stroke volume in diabetic animals relative to controls at 6-weeks post-diabetic onset. In contrast, when assessing short- and long-axis speckle-tracking based strain analyses, diabetic mice showed changes in average systolic radial strain, radial strain rate, radial displacement, and radial velocity, as well as decreased circumferential and longitudinal strain rate, as early as 1-week post-diabetic onset and persisting throughout the diabetic study. Further, we performed regional analyses for the LV and found that the free wall region was affected in both the short- and long-axis when assessing radial dimension parameters. These changes began 1-week post-diabetic onset and remained throughout the progression of the disease. These findings demonstrate the use of speckle-tracking based strain as an approach to elucidate cardiac dysfunction from a global perspective, identifying left ventricular cardiac regions affected during the progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus earlier than contractile changes detected by conventional echocardiographic measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Danielle L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Cody E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Croston
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Ashley B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Dharendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Dustin M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States. Electronic address: jhollander@hsc.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hollander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Cardiac function; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Echocardiography; Speckle-tracking imaging; Strain analysis