title: The Impact of the Proposed Changes for the DSM-5 on Diagnoses of First-time DUI/DWI Offenders.
abstract: Driving while impaired (DWI) is a frequently committed crime with enormous individual and social costs. The type of disposition and/or treatment appropriate for an individual offender is often determined, in part, by diagnostic criteria based on the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistics Manual. The DSM-5 significantly modified these criteria by eliminating legal problems as a criterion and dropping the categories of abuse and dependence. A brief substance abuse focused interview was conducted with 658 consecutive first-time DUI offenders who were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. Most were white, well-educated males. Contingency analyses were utilized to compare the current with the new diagnostic criteria based on algorithms for both diagnostic formulations. The major change observed when moving from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 criteria was that, approximately 54% of first-time DUI/DWI offenders would no longer meet diagnostic criteria based on the DSM-5. Of the nearly 17% who met dependence criteria, the majority were in the severe designation of the DSM-5.
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Department , Western Carolina University , Cullowhee , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Baley
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Department , Western Carolina University , Cullowhee , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Norman G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000465:Algorithms; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003415:Crime; D057237:Criminals / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D000066448:Driving Under the Influence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012237:Rhode Island / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: DSM-5; DSM-5 criteria; DUI; DWI; assessment; drunk driving; impaired driving; legal problems criterion; substance abuse; substance use disorder