title: Disrupted Nitric Oxide Metabolism from Type II Diabetes and Acute Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution.
abstract: Type II diabetes is an established cause of vascular impairment. Particulate air pollution is known to exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, particularly in susceptible populations. This study set out to determine the impact of exposure to traffic pollution, with and without particle filtration, on vascular endothelial function in Type II diabetes. Endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO) has previously been linked to vascular health. Reactive hyperemia induces a significant increase in plasma nitrite, the proximal metabolite of NO, in healthy subjects, while diabetics have a lower and more variable level of response. Twenty type II diabetics and 20 controls (ages 46-70 years) were taken on a 1.5 hr roadway traffic air pollution exposure as passengers. We analyzed plasma nitrite, as a measure of vascular function, using forearm ischemia to elicit a reactive hyperemic response before and after exposure to one ride with and one without filtration of the particle components of pollution. Control subjects displayed a significant increase in plasma nitrite levels during reactive hyperemia. This response was no longer present following exposure to traffic air pollution, but did not vary with whether or not the particle phase was filtered out. Diabetics did not display an increase in nitrite levels following reactive hyperemia. This response was not altered following pollution exposure. These data suggest that components of acute traffic pollution exposure diminish vascular reactivity in non-diabetic individuals. It also confirms that type II diabetics have a preexisting diminished ability to appropriately respond to a vascular challenge, and that traffic pollution exposure does not cause a further measureable acute change in plasma nitrite levels in Type II diabetics.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ashley P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.|Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kipen
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.|Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laumbach
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohman-Strickland
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly-McNeill
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Clarimel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cepeda
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.|Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.|Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States of America.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amorosa
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.|Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lubitz
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.|Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ,08854, United States of America.|Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D061808:Air Filters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D009569:Nitric Oxide