title: Ordinary and Activated Bone Grafts: Applied Classification and the Main Features.
abstract: Bone grafts are medical devices that are in high demand in clinical practice for substitution of bone defects and recovery of atrophic bone regions. Based on the analysis of the modern groups of bone grafts, the particularities of their composition, the mechanisms of their biological effects, and their therapeutic indications, applicable classification was proposed that separates the bone substitutes into "ordinary" and "activated." The main differential criterion is the presence of biologically active components in the material that are standardized by qualitative and quantitative parameters: growth factors, cells, or gene constructions encoding growth factors. The pronounced osteoinductive and (or) osteogenic properties of activated osteoplastic materials allow drawing upon their efficacy in the substitution of large bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 199333, Russia ; Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Deev
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Drobyshev
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 199333, Russia ; Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia ; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow 123098, Russia.
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Bozo
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow 199333, Russia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Isaev
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes