title: Genotoxicity Evaluation of Irrigative Wastewater from Shijiazhuang City in China.
abstract: In the present study, the wastewater sample collected from the Dongming discharging river in Shijiazhuang city was analysed using both chemical analysis and biological assays including the Salmonella mutagenicity test, micronucleus test and single-cell gel electrophoresis. Chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Salmonella mutagenicity test was performed on Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains with and without S9 mixture. The mice received the wastewater in natura through drinking water at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. One group of mice was exposed for 2 consecutive days, and the other group of mice was exposed for 15 consecutive days. To establish the levels of primary DNA damage, single-cell gel electrophoresis was performed on treated mouse liver cell. The concentrations of chromium and lead in the sample exceeded the national standard (GB20922-2007) by 0.78 and 0.43-fold, respectively. More than 30 organic compounds were detected, and some of the detected compounds were mutagens, carcinogens and environmental endocrine disrupters. A positive response for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain was observed. Mouse exposure via drinking water containing 50% and 100% of wastewater for 15 consecutive days caused a significant increase of MN frequencies in a dose-response manner. Mouse exposure via drinking water containing 50% and 100% of wastewater for 15 consecutive days caused a significant increase of the Olive tail moments in a dose-response manner. All the results indicated that the sample from the Dongming discharging river in Shijiazhuang city exhibited genotoxicity and might pose harmful effects on the local residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Xuehui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Longmei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Likang Street 3, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Lixue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Fengxue
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road 76, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Dianwu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011897:Random Allocation; D045483:Rivers; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D062065:Wastewater