title: Frequency-selective control of cortical and subcortical networks by central thalamus.
abstract: Central thalamus plays a critical role in forebrain arousal and organized behavior. However, network-level mechanisms that link its activity to brain state remain enigmatic. Here, we combined optogenetics, fMRI, electrophysiology, and video-EEG monitoring to characterize the central thalamus-driven global brain networks responsible for switching brain state. 40 and 100 Hz stimulations of central thalamus caused widespread activation of forebrain, including frontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and striatum, and transitioned the brain to a state of arousal in asleep rats. In contrast, 10 Hz stimulation evoked significantly less activation of forebrain, inhibition of sensory cortex, and behavioral arrest. To investigate possible mechanisms underlying the frequency-dependent cortical inhibition, we performed recordings in zona incerta, where 10, but not 40, Hz stimulation evoked spindle-like oscillations. Importantly, suppressing incertal activity during 10 Hz central thalamus stimulation reduced the evoked cortical inhibition. These findings identify key brain-wide dynamics underlying central thalamus arousal regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Zhongnan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: ManKin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinskiy
authors.affiliation: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolpygo
authors.affiliation: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.|Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
authors.forename: Jin Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Arousal; Central thalamus; Functional MRI; Optogenetics; neuroscience; rat