title: 60 YEARS OF POMC: POMC: an evolutionary perspective.
abstract: Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a complex precursor that comprises several peptidic hormones, including melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and β-endorphin. POMC belongs to the opioid/orphanin gene family, whose precursors include either opioid (YGGF) or the orphanin/nociceptin core sequences (FGGF). This gene family diversified during early tetraploidizations of the vertebrate genome to generate four different precursors: proenkephalin (PENK), prodynorphin (PDYN), and nociceptin/proorphanin (PNOC) as well as POMC, although both PNOC and POMC seem to have arisen due to a local duplication event. POMC underwent complex evolutionary processes, including internal tandem duplications and putative coevolutionary events. Controversial and conflicting hypotheses have emerged concerning the sequenced genomes. In this article, we summarize the different evolutionary hypotheses proposed for POMC evolution.
authors.affiliation: Control of Food Intake GroupDepartment of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Control of Food Intake GroupDepartment of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soletto
authors.affiliation: Control of Food Intake GroupDepartment of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puchol
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Molecular Pathobiology GroupInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotllant
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisioloxía AnimalDepartamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soengas
authors.affiliation: Control of Food Intake GroupDepartment of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain jm.cerda.reverter@csic.es.
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cerdá-Reverter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D009928:Organ Specificity; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D036361:Peptide Hormones; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin
keywords: ACTH; MSH; evolution; opioid; proopiomelanocortin; β-endorphin