title: Body mass index, gestational weight gain and fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy: the Generation R Study.
abstract: Obesity during pregnancy may be correlated with an adverse nutritional status affecting pregnancy and offspring outcomes. We examined the associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with plasma fatty acid concentrations in mid-pregnancy. This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 5636 women. We obtained prepregnancy body mass index and maximum weight gain during pregnancy by questionnaires. We measured concentrations of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) at a median gestational age of 20.5 (95% range 17.1-24.9) weeks. We used multivariate linear regression models. As compared to normal weight women, obese women had higher total SFA concentrations [difference: 0.10 standard deviation (SD) (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0, 0.19)] and lower total n-3 PUFA concentrations [difference: - 0.11 SD (95% CI - 0.20, - 0.02)]. As compared to women with sufficient gestational weight gain, those with excessive gestational weight gain had higher SFA concentrations [difference: 0.16 SD (95% CI 0.08, 0.25)], MUFA concentrations [difference: 0.16 SD (95% CI 0.08, 0.24)] and n-6 PUFA concentrations [difference: 0.12 SD (95% CI 0.04, 0.21)]. These results were not materially affected by adjustment for maternal characteristics. Our results suggest that obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with an adverse fatty acids profile. Further studies are needed to assess causality and direction of the observed associations.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group (Na29-15), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aleksandra Jelena
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vidakovic
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group (Na29-15), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. v.jaddoe@erasmusmc.nl.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. v.jaddoe@erasmusmc.nl.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. v.jaddoe@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group (Na29-15), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Olta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gishti
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group (Na29-15), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janine F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demmelmair
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group (Na29-15), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.gaillard@erasmusmc.nl.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.gaillard@erasmusmc.nl.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.gaillard@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Romy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D037841:Pregnant People; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6
keywords: Body mass index; Cohort; Fatty acids; Gestational weight gain; Pregnancy