title: Availability of Vending Machines and School Stores in California Schools.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the availability of foods sold in vending machines and school stores in United States public and private schools, and associations of availability with students' food purchases and consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and Spearman product-moment correlations were conducted on data collected from 521 students aged 8 to 15 years recruited from orthodontic offices in California.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vending machines were more common in private schools than in public schools, whereas school stores were common in both private and public schools. The food items most commonly available in both vending machines and school stores in all schools were predominately foods of minimal nutritional value (FMNV). Participant report of availability of food items in vending machines and/or school stores was significantly correlated with (1) participant purchase of each item from those sources, except for energy drinks, milk, fruits, and vegetables; and (2) participants' friends' consumption of items at lunch, for 2 categories of FMNV (candy, cookies, or cake; soda or sports drinks).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the Child Nutrition and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Reauthorization Act of 2004, FMNV were still available in schools, and may be contributing to unhealthy dietary choices and ultimately to health risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 311 Blocker Hall, College Station, TX 77843. ncisse@neo.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Nafissatou
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cisse-Egbuonye
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92123. sliles@cbeachsdsu.org.
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liles
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92123. kschmitz@mail.sdsu.edu.
authors.forename: Katharine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92123. nkassem@cbeachsdsu.org.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331. Veronica.irvin@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: Veronica L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. mhovell@cbeachsdsu.org.
authors.forename: Melbourne F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hovell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D003132:Commerce; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005509:Food Dispensers, Automatic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: childhood obesity; foods of minimal nutritional value; schools