title: Men with Hypertension are More Likely to Have Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Large Prostate Volume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the correlation between LUTS and cardiovascular risk factors in men presenting with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 295 men with transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of BPH and LUTS. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease included: hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, and dyslipidemia. The severity of LUTS measured by the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate volume, prostate specific antigen (PSA), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual urine (PVR) in subjects with or without cardiovascular risk factors were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IPSS-total (22.9 ± 7.8 vs. 21.2 ± 7.3, P = 0.01) and obstructive symptom score (13.3 ± 5.2 vs. 11.9 ± 4.7, P = 0.01) was significantly different between men with hypertension and without cardiovascular risk factors. There was no significant difference of variables between subjects with DM, smoking or dyslipidemia and without cardiovascular risk factors. In the Pearson correlation, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were related with prostate volume (r = 0.138, P = 0.040; r = 0.163, P = 0.020), IPSS-total (r = 0.139, P = 0.043; r = 0.138, P = 0.043), and an obstructive symptom score (r = 0.168, P = 0.014; r = 0.143, P = 0.037), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with hypertension are more likely to have a higher IPSS and large prostate volume than men without hypertension. This finding implicates a pathophysiological association between hypertension and LUTS, and the need to manage comorbid symptoms simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eu Chang
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Ouck
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Song
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Insang
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Taek Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Deuk
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Gwangju Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Geun Soo
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: hypertension; lower urinary tract symptoms; prostatic hyperplasia