title: Challenges for Preclinical Investigations of Human Biofield Modalities.
abstract: Preclinical models for studying the effects of the human biofield have great potential to advance our understanding of human biofield modalities, which include external qigong, Johrei, Reiki, therapeutic touch, healing touch, polarity therapy, pranic healing, and other practices. A short history of Western biofield studies using preclinical models is presented and demonstrates numerous and consistent examples of human biofields significantly affecting biological systems both in vitro and in vivo. Methodological issues arising from these studies and practical solutions in experimental design are presented. Important questions still left unanswered with preclinical models include variable reproducibility, dosing, intentionality of the practitioner, best preclinical systems, and mechanisms. Input from the biofield practitioners in the experimental design is critical to improving experimental outcomes; however, the development of standard criteria for uniformity of practice and for inclusion of multiple practitioners is needed. Research in human biofield studies involving preclinical models promises a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of biofield therapies and will be important in guiding clinical protocols and integrating treatments with conventional medical therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (Dr Gronowicz).
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gronowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, St Joseph's College, Patchogue, New York (Dr Bengston).
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bengston
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California (Dr Yount).
authors.forename: Garret
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yount
keywords: Biofield; methodology