title: A versatile, quantitative analytical method for pharmaceutical relevant lipids in drug delivery systems.
abstract: Over the past few years, liposomal formulations as drug carrier systems have markedly advanced in pharmaceutical research and development. Therefore, analytical methods to characterize liposome-based formulations are required. One particular issue in liposome analysis is the imbalance of lipid ratios within the vesicle formulations and the detectability of degradation products such as lysophospholipids and fatty acids caused by hydrolysis, especially in low molar ranges. Here, a highly sensitive and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC) method is described by the combination of an organic solvent/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) triggered gradient and the application of an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Gain setting adjustments of the ELSD were applied to obtain an optimal detection profile of the analyzed substances. This optimization provides simultaneous separation and quantification of 16 components, including different phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylglycerols and their degradation products, as well as cholesterol. Parameters such as limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined for each of the components and had ranges from 0.25-1.00mg/mL (LOD) and 0.50-2.50μg/mL (LOQ), respectively. The intra-day precision for all analytes is less than 3% (RSD) and inter-day precision is about 8%. The applicability of the method was verified by analyzing two different liposome formulations consisting of DSPC:DPPC:DSPG:Chol (35:35:20:10) and DSPC:DPPC:DSPG (38:38:24). For degradation studies, both formulations were stored at 4°C and at ambient temperature. Additionally, forced degradation experiments were performed to determine hydrolysis mass balances. A total recovery of 96-102% for phospholipid compounds was found. Analytical data revealed that the sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and resolution are appropriate for the detection and quantification of phospholipids and their hydrolysis products. These results as well as additional preliminary analyses of other relevant components used in liposomal formulations indicate that the developed method is suitable for the development, characterization, and stability testing of liposomal based biopharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: dominik.jeschek@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeschek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lhota
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Karola
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vorauer-Uhl
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Evaporative light scattering detection; Lipid-hydrolysis; Liposomes; Lysoform-quantification; Phospholipid-degradation; Reversed-phase HPLC