title: Development and evaluation of a novel product to remove surface contamination of hazardous drugs.
abstract: Background Even while following best practices, surface exposures of hazardous drugs (HDs) are high and numerous. Thus, it is important to develop new products to reduce the surface contamination of HDs. Hazardous Drug Clean (HDClean™) was developed to decontaminate and remove HDs from various types of surfaces and overcome the problems associated with other cleaning products. Methods HDClean was evaluated to remove mock surface exposures of HDs (docetaxel, paclitaxel, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, and cisplatin) from various types of surfaces. In two separate cancer centers, studies were performed to evaluate HDClean in reducing surface contamination of HDs in the pharmacy departments where no closed system transfer device (CSTD) was used. In a third cancer center, studies were performed comparing the effectiveness of a CSTD + Surface Safe compared with CSTD + HDClean to remove HDs. Results HDClean was able to completely remove mock exposures of a wide range of HDs from various surfaces (4 and 8 sq ft areas). Daily use of HDClean was equal to or more effective in reducing surface contamination of HDs in two pharmacies compared with a CSTD. HDClean was significantly more effective in removing HDs, especially cisplatin, compared with Surface Safe and does not have the problems associated with decontamination solutions that contain sodium hypochlorite. Conclusion These studies support HDClean as an effective decontaminating product, that HDClean is more effective than Surface Safe in removing HDs and is equal to or more effective than CSTD in controlling HD surface exposures.
authors.affiliation: 1 Dayton Physicians Network, Dayton, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: 2 James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Vonni
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Speed
authors.affiliation: 3 University of North Carolina (UNC) Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|4 UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: 2 James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasselwander
authors.affiliation: 3 University of North Carolina (UNC) Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|4 UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.affiliation: 3 University of North Carolina (UNC) Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|5 University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|6 ChemoGLO, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Eckel
authors.affiliation: 3 University of North Carolina (UNC) Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|4 UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|6 ChemoGLO, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.|7 Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Zamboni
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011482:Protective Devices; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: HDClean; Hazardous drugs; cleaning; decontamination; surface contamination