title: Proteinúria after kidney transplantation - prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteinuria after kidney transplantation (Tx) has variable incidence and is associated with cardiovascular risk and graft survival.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of proteinuria after kidney Tx and its associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of PTN was evaluated according to definition ≥ 500 mg/24 hours. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A, < 500 mg, B, 500-1000 mg and C, > 1000 mg. We tested the association between PTN and: age/gender of the donor and recipient, type of donor, delayed graft function, acute rejection, hypertension and creatinine. The variables with a p value < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  173 recipients were evaluated, mean age 39 years, 57.2% male and 60.7% deceased donor. The prevalence of PTN after kidney Tx was 24.3%. The distribution of patients according to PTN was 75.7% for group A, 15.6% for group B and 8.7% for group C. The following factors were associated with higher risk of PTN: male recipients, living donor and hypertension. Creatinine at month 12 moths post-Tx was higher among patients with proteinuria. 60% of patients with PTN ≥ 500 mg/24 hours were treated with ACEI/ARB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of PTN after kidney Tx varied between 24.3%, according to the definition used. The male gender of the recipient, living donor and hypertension were associated with the occurrence of PTN after kidney Tx. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system must be prescribed to more patients.
authors.affiliation: UniChristus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Maria Costa de
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: UniChristus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Izadora de S
authors.initials: Ide S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: UniChristus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Clara L de
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: UniChristus, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Marto Leal
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Júnior
authors.affiliation: Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo Matos
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Esmeraldo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult