title: A Gene Encoding a DUF247 Domain Protein Cosegregates with the S Self-Incompatibility Locus in Perennial Ryegrass.
abstract: The grass family (Poaceae), the fourth largest family of flowering plants, encompasses the most economically important cereal, forage, and energy crops, and exhibits a unique gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) mechanism that is controlled by at least two multiallelic and independent loci, S and Z. Despite intense research efforts over the last six decades, the genes underlying S and Z remain uncharacterized. Here, we report a fine-mapping approach to identify the male component of the S-locus in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and provide multiple evidence that a domain of unknown function 247 (DUF247) gene is involved in its determination. Using a total of 10,177 individuals from seven different mapping populations segregating for S, we narrowed the S-locus to a genomic region containing eight genes, the closest recombinant marker mapping at a distance of 0.016 cM. Of the eight genes cosegregating with the S-locus, a highly polymorphic gene encoding for a protein containing a DUF247 was fully predictive of known S-locus genotypes at the amino acid level in the seven mapping populations. Strikingly, this gene showed a frameshift mutation in self-compatible darnel (Lolium temulentum L.), whereas all of the self-incompatible species of the Festuca-Lolium complex were predicted to encode functional proteins. Our results represent a major step forward toward understanding the gametophytic SI system in one of the most important plant families and will enable the identification of additional components interacting with the S-locus.
authors.affiliation: Forage Crop Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Teagasc Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzanares
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thorogood
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Forage Crop Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czaban
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asp
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Building 1, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Bicheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Forage Crop Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland bruno.studer@usys.ethz.ch.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005838:Genotype; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D057685:Plant Weeds / Q000235:genetics*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D060436:Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C079832:S-receptor kinase
keywords: RNA sequencing (RNAseq); S-locus; domain of unknown function (DUF) 247; fine-mapping; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.); self-incompatibility (SI)