title: Emphysema is an independent risk factor for 5-year mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchiectasis is a common disabling respiratory disease in China. However, the literatures that focused on the long-term prognosis and the risk factors for mortality are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for 5-year mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted. Patients who were newly diagnosed with bronchiectasis by thoracic conventional CT scans from January 2003 to March 2008 were assessed. Baseline characteristics, symptoms, radiographic extent, pulmonary function tests data and comorbidities were recorded through chart review. The vital status of the patients was obtained by telephone contact and record of hospital admission. Multivariate cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for 5-year mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine patients newly diagnosed with bronchiectasis were included in our cohort. The mean age of the cohort was 55.29 ± 16.15 and 49.4% of the patients were female. At the end of the study, 12 patients (13.5%) died and the mean survival time was 57.05 ± 1.09 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that long-term mortality was significantly associated with emphysema (HR, 5.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-23.46; P = 0.02) and radiographic extent (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.02-2.58; P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main finding of our study was that emphysema might be a risk factor for mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhuozhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ranxia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hanjing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004646:Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: bronchiectasis; comorbidities; emphysema; prognosis