title: Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using fruit extract of Rosa canina and their toxic potential against bacteria: A mechanistic approach.
abstract: The use of plant extract in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can be an eco-friendly approach and have been suggested as a possible alternative to classic methods namely physical and chemical procedures. In this study, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs by both "conventional heating" (CH) and "microwave irradiation" (MI) methods has been reported. Stable and spherical ZnONPs were produced using zinc nitrate and flesh extract of Rosa canina fruit (rosehip) which was used as a precursor. The flesh extract acts as a reducing and capping agent for generation of ZnONPs. The structural, morphological and colloidal properties of the as-synthesized NPs have been confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In comparison with the CH method, the MI method has some advantages such as significantly short reaction time (within 8min) owing to the high heating rate and thus the accelerated reaction rate. Both methods led to the synthesis of nearly identical NPs with respect to shape and size according to the results of DLS, XRD and SEM techniques. The possible mechanism for synthesis pathway has been proposed based on FT IR results, XRD patterns, potentiometric data and antioxidant activity. In addition, the antibacterial activity of as-prepared ZnONPs was investigated against several bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, the efficacy of ZnONPs to treat cancer cell lines were measured by means of cell viability test via MTT assay in which concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1mg/mL of ZnONPs induced a very low toxicity. Thus, the present investigation reveals that ZnONPs have the potential for various medical and industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jafarirad
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Meysam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Baharak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Divband
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosari-Nasab
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Antibacterial effect; Cytotoxicity; Green synthesis; Plant extract; ZnO nanoparticles