title: Low levels of serum Vitamin D in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hospital-based cross-sectional clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D is associated with inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of our study was to find out the level of serum Vitamin D in chronic periodontitis patients (CHP) with and without type 2 DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consists of 141 subjects, including 48 controls. Case groups consisted of 43 chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM (CHPDM) and 50 CHP. pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), modified gingival index (MGI), plaque index (PI), and calculus index (CI) were taken. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) level in ηg/ml was estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Elecsys and cobase e immunoassay analysers(cobase e 411). Other laboratory investigations including fasting blood sugar (FBS) and serum calcium were measured in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum 25(OH) D level was 22.32 ± 5.76 ηg/ml, 14.06 ± 4.57 ηg/ml and 16.94 ± 5.58 ηg/ml for control, CHPDM and CHP groups respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean value of FBS was significantly high in CHPDM group as compared to CHP group. Periodontal parameters like MGI, PI, PD, and CI showed significant difference between groups (P < 0.05) and higher score was found in CHP group, while CAL and PI showed no statistically significant difference between CHP and CHPDM group (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study observed a low level of serum Vitamin D level in patients with CHP and CHPDM. Low Vitamin D level was observed in case groups may be due to the diseases process rather than low Vitamin D acting as a cause for the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Rosamma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Amol Vijay
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Nagrale
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Manaloor George
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Joseraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Kotha Muttathu
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pradeep Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Jaishid Ahadal
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaziyarakath
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Radhakrishnan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandini
keywords: 25-hydroxvitamin D; blood glucose; chronic periodontitis; clinical attachment loss; type 2 diabetes mellitus