title: Reference PMHS Sled Tests to Assess Submarining.
abstract: Sled tests focused on pelvis behavior and submarining can be found in the literature. However, they were performed either with rigid seats or with commercial seats. The objective of this study was to get reference tests to assess the submarining ability of dummies in more realistic conditions than on rigid seat, but still in a repeatable and reproducible setup. For this purpose, a semi-rigid seat was developed, which mimics the behavior of real seats, although it is made of rigid plates and springs that are easy to reproduce and simulate with an FE model. In total, eight PMHS sled tests were performed on this semirigid seat to get data in two different configurations: first in a front seat configuration that was designed to prevent submarining, then in a rear seat configuration with adjusted spring stiffness to generate submarining. All subjects sustained extensive rib fractures from the shoulder belt loading. No pelvis fractures and no submarining were observed in the front seat configuration, but two subjects sustained lumbar vertebrae fractures. In the rear seat configuration, all subjects sustained pelvic fractures and demonstrated submarining. Corridors were constructed for the external forces and the PMHS kinematics. They are provided in this paper as new reference tests to assess the biofidelity of human surrogates in different configurations that either result in submarining or do not. In future, it is intended to analyze further seat and restraint system configurations to be able to define a submarining predictor.
authors.affiliation: CEESAR.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uriot
authors.affiliation: CEESAR.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Potier
authors.affiliation: CEESAR.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baudrit
authors.affiliation: LAB PSA Peugeot-Citroën Renault.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Trosseille
authors.affiliation: LAB PSA Peugeot-Citroën Renault.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: Faurecia Automotive Seating.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Compigne
authors.affiliation: Toyota Motor Corporation.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Université René Descartes, Paris.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Douard
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010388:Pelvis / Q000502:physiology*; D012622:Seat Belts; D016103:Spinal Fractures