title: Evidence update: GlaxoSmithKline's inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccines.
abstract: Inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (IIV3s) are designed to protect against illness caused by two influenza A virus subtypes and one influenza B virus lineage. They may provide inadequate protection due to the co-circulation of viruses from two antigenically distinct influenza B lineages. Incorporating strains from both B lineages as in inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccines (IIV4s) reduces this risk. We summarize the evidence supporting two IIV4s manufactured by GSK Vaccines. Compared to IIV3s, these two IIV4s demonstrated noninferior immunogenicity against the shared influenza strains and superior immunogenicity for the strain of the additional B lineage, particularly in subjects who were seronegative for that B strain. One IIV4's efficacy in children aged 3-8 years was 55.4% against influenza of any severity and 73.1% against moderate-to-severe influenza. Both IIV4s were well-tolerated with a similar safety profile to IIV3s. These IIV4s are more likely than IIV3s to protect against the added influenza B strain.
authors.affiliation: a Global Medical Affairs, GSK Vaccines , Wavre , Belgium.
authors.forename: Rafik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bekkat-Berkani
authors.affiliation: a Global Medical Affairs, GSK Vaccines , Wavre , Belgium.
authors.forename: Riju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: b Vaccine Discovery and Development, GSK Vaccines , King of Prussia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Varsha K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: c Biostatistics, GSK Vaccines , King of Prussia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Vijayalakshmi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: b Vaccine Discovery and Development, GSK Vaccines , King of Prussia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Innis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Quadrivalent influenza vaccine; efficacy; immunogenicity; influenza B; mismatch; seasonal influenza