title: Stacking Time and Aluminum Sulfate Effects on Polyether Ionophores in Broiler Litter.
abstract: The use of ionophores as antiparasitic drugs plays an important role in US poultry production, especially in the broiler () industry. However, administered ionophores can pass through the bird's digestive system and appear in broiler litter, which, when applied to agricultural fields, can present an environmental hazard. Stacking (storing or stockpiling) broiler litter for some time might decrease the litter ionophore concentrations before land application. Because ionophores undergo abiotic hydrolysis at low pH, decreasing litter pH with acidic aluminum sulfate (alum) might also decrease ionophore concentrations. We assessed the change in ionophore concentrations in broiler litter in response to the length of time broiler litter was stored (stacking time) and alum addition. We spiked broiler litter with monensin and salinomycin, placed alum-amended litter (∼pH 4-5) and unamended litter (∼pH 8-9) into 1.8-m bins, and repeatedly sampled each bin for 112 d. Our findings showed that stacking broiler litter alone did not have an impact on monensin concentration, but it did slowly reduce salinomycin concentration by 55%. Adding alum to broiler litter reduced monensin concentration by approximately 20% relative to unamended litter, but it did not change salinomycin concentration. These results call for continued search for alternative strategies that could potentially reduce the concentration of ionophores in broiler litter before their application to agricultural soils.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Doydora
authors.forename: Peizhe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Love-Myers
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rema
authors.forename: Vaughn
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Spyros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Pavlostathis
authors.forename: Ching-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang