title: Ultrasound presentation of abdominal non-Hodgkin lymphomas in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Burkitt's lymphoma accounts for approximately 25% of lymphomas diagnosed in children of developmental age. The tumor is localized mainly in the intestine (usually in the ileocecal region), mesenteric lymph nodes and extraperitoneal space. The clinical symptoms are non-specific and include: abdominal pain, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and acute abdomen suggesting appendicitis or intestinal intussusception. On ultrasound examination, Burkitt's lymphoma may manifest itself in various ways, depending on the origin of the lesion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to review the ultrasound manifestation of abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis included 15 pediatric patients with Burkitt's non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the abdominal cavity. The mean age of the patients was 9.5. Abdominal and gastrointestinal ultrasound examinations were conducted using a Siemens scanner with a convex transducer of 3.5-5 MHz and linear array transducer of L4 - 7.5 MHz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound examinations conducted in the group of 15 patients revealed pathological masses localized in the gastric wall in 3 patients (20%), in the ileocecal region in 10 patients (67%) and a disseminated process in 2 patients (13%). In 12 patients with a diagnosed Burkitt's non-Hodgkin lymphoma in an extragastric localization, differences in the morphology of the lesions were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and ultrasound picture of abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma in children is variable. A careful ultrasound assessment of all abdominal organs conducted with the use of convex and linear probes increases the chances of establishing an adequate diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Radiologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brodzisz
authors.affiliation: Zakład Radiologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Magdalena Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.affiliation: Klinika Hematologii i Onkologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dudkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Klinika Hematologii i Onkologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.affiliation: Klinika Hematologii i Onkologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stefaniak
authors.affiliation: Zakład Radiologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Andrzej Paweł
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Klinika Hematologii i Onkologii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
keywords: Burkitt's lymphoma; lymph nodes in children; ultrasound