title: Anicteric gallbladder rupture in dogs: 5 cases (2007-2013).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical, laboratory, and surgical findings in dogs with confirmed gallbladder rupture and in which serum total bilirubin concentration was within reference limits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were searched to identify dogs with gallbladder rupture that underwent treatment at the Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center from November 2007 through November 2013. Dogs were included if they had undergone abdominal ultrasonography, serum total bilirubin concentration was ≤ 0.4 mg/dL, and abdominal exploratory surgery confirmed the presence of gallbladder upture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An exploratory celotomy was performed in all dogs because of ultrasonographic findings of mild to marked abdominal effusion and either an unidentifiable gallbladder (n = 1 dog) or a distended gallbladder with a suspected gallbladder mucocele (4 dogs). Serum total bilirubin concentration was within reference limits (median, 0.2 mg/dL; range, 0.1 to 0.4 mg/dL; reference range, 0.1 to 0.4 mg/dL) in all dogs before surgery. In 1 dog, bile acids concentrations in serum and in peritoneal fluid were compared and the results (48 μmol/L and 1,070 μmol/L, respectively) were supportive of the diagnosis of gallbladder rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that even when serum total bilirubin concentration is within reference limits, gallbladder rupture should be considered in dogs with acute signs of abdominal pain when a mucocele is suspected on abdominal imaging and free abdominal fluid is present. Results suggested that a comparison of serum to peritoneal fluid bile acids concentrations may provide additional support for a diagnosis of gallbladder rupture.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Guess
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Harkin
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Biller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology*; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000662:veterinary*