title: Conceptualizing the Pathways and Processes Between Language Barriers and Health Disparities: Review, Synthesis, and Extension.
abstract: While many may view language barriers in healthcare settings (LBHS) as a simple, practical problem, they present unique challenges to theoretical development and practice implications in healthcare delivery, especially when one considers the implications and impacts of specific contextual factors. By exploring the differences of contextual factors in the US and Japan, this review explores and highlights how such differences may entail different impacts on patients' quality of care and require different solutions. I conduct narrative review through library database, Google Scholar, and CiNii (a Japanese library database) with multiple search terms, including language barriers, healthcare, medical interpreter, and immigrant. I first present a diagram to show the pathways and process between language barriers and health disparities, using the literature reported in the US. Then, I examined the literature reported in Japan and discuss the needs for re-conceptualizing LBHS. The implications for future research will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, 610 Elm Ave. #211, Norman, OK, 73019, USA. terui@ou.edu.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terui
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003144:Communication Barriers; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D063505:Racism; D014177:Translations; D000069756:Undocumented Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States
keywords: Health; Immigrants; Japan; Language barriers; Minorities; The United States