title: Silicon and boron differ in their localization and loading in bone.
abstract: Silicon and boron share many similarities, both chemically and biochemically, including having similar effects on bone, although their mechanisms of action are not known. Here we compared the loading of silicon and boron into bone, their localization and how they are influenced by age (growth & development), to obtain further clues as to the biological effects of these elements and, especially, to see if they behave the same or not. Bone samples were obtained from two different studies where female Sprague Dawley rats had been maintained on a normal maintenance diet for up to 43 weeks. Total bone elemental levels were determined by ICP-OES following microwave assisted acid digestion. Silicon and boron levels in the decalcified bones (i.e. the collagen fraction) were also investigated. Silicon and boron showed marked differences in loading and in their localization in bone. Highest silicon and lowest boron concentrations were found in the under-mineralized bone of younger rats and lowest silicon and highest boron concentrations were found in the fully mineralized bone of the adult rat. Overall, however total bone silicon content increased with age, as did boron content, the latter mirroring the increase in calcium (mineral) content of bone. However, whereas silicon showed equal distribution in the collagen and mineral fractions of bone, boron was exclusively localized in the mineral fraction. These findings confirm the reported association between silicon and collagen, especially at the early stages of bone mineralization, and show that boron is associated with the bone mineral but not connective tissues. These data suggest that silicon and boron have different biological roles and that one is unlikely, therefore, to substitute for the other, or at least boron would not substitute for Si in the connective tissues. Finally, we noted that silicon levels in the mineral fraction varied greatly between the two studies, suggesting that one or more nutritional factor(s) may influence the loading of Si into the mineral fraction of bone. This and the nature of the interaction between Si and collagen deserve further attention.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ravin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jugdaohsingh
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Liliana D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; School of Sport and Exercise Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Powell
keywords: B, boron; Bone; Bone mineralisation; Boron; Collagen; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Growth and development; ICP-OES, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy; SGIF, simulated gastrointestinal fluid; Si, silicon; Silicon; UHP, ultra-high purity