title: Comparison of cardiac output measurements using transpulmonary thermodilution and conventional thermodilution techniques in anaesthetized dogs with fluid overload.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the agreement between cardiac output (CO) values obtained using a transpulmonary thermodilution technique (TPTDCO) and conventional thermodilution technique (TDCO) in anaesthetized dogs with fluid overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy Beagle dogs aged 7-8 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were anaesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen, and catheters were inserted for TPTDCO and TDCO measurement. After instrumentation, baseline CO was measured using each technique at a central venous pressure (CVP) of 3-7 mmHg. Dogs were subsequently administered lactated Ringer's solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch to induce fluid overload. CO measurements were obtained using each technique at CVP values of 8-12 mmHg, 13-17 mmHg, 18-22 mmHg and 23-27 mmHg. Agreements between CO measurements obtained with the respective techniques were analysed using Dunnett's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty pairs of CO values were obtained, ranging from 1.45 L minute(-1) to 4.69 L minute(-1) for TPTDCO and from 1.30 L minute(-1) to 4.61 L minute(-1) for TDCO. TPTDCO and TDCO values correlated strongly (r(2)  = 0.915, p < 0.001). The bias and mean relative bias between TPTDCO and TDCO were 0.26 ± 0.30 L minute(-1) (limits of agreement - 0.29 to 0.81 L minute(-1) ) and 9.7%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPTDCO and TDCO measurements obtained in anaesthetized dogs during fluid overload exhibited good agreement. Accordingly, transpulmonary thermodilution provides an accurate measurement of CO in dogs with fluid overload.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiwamu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanazono
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D000077149:Sevoflurane
keywords: cardiac output; dog; fluid overload; thermodilution; transpulmonary