title: [NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF DEFICIENCY OR EXCESS OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN 4 TO 14 YEAR-OLD CHILEAN CHILDREN: A CRITICAL REVIEW].
abstract: The prevalence of obesity in Chilean children has been increasing steadily for the last two decades. The first study to determine nutritional status and food intake in a representative sample of this population was carried out in 1960. Recently the National Food Consumption Survey (ENCA) carried out in 2012 was released by the Ministry of Health. However, this study did not include biochemical determinations of micronutrients which would allow a better diagnosis of nutritional status in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to review the literature available from 2004 to 2014 in food intake and nutritional status in Chilean children aged 4 to 14 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  a total of 362 references published between 2004 and 2014 were obtained through searches in the databases PubMed, Lilacs, Embase and Scielo. From these, 40 articles were selected for a thorough review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  food intake by children is characterized by a high-energy intake, a low consumption of fruits and vegetables and a high consumption of bread. The ENCA showed that 95% of the Chilean population has a deficient diet. A high prevalence of obesity is observed from very early in life. There is a dearth of data available on plasma indicators of vitamin and mineral status since 1960, which would provide more reliable information on nutritional assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is imperative to implement a representative nutrition survey of children in Chile that includes biochemical indicators to get reliable information in order to develop strategies aimed to correct micronutrient malnutrition from excess or deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rozowski Narkunska
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Finis Terrae.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castillo Valenzuela
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Figari Jullian
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Diego F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: García-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cruchet Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weisstaub Nuta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Bravo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.. ocastillo@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotteland Russel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis* / Q000172:deficiency*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018977:Micronutrients