title: The Effects of Defect Type and Depth, and Measurement Direction on the Implant Stability Quotient Value.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of defect type and depth as well as measurement direction on implant stability in an ex vivo peri-implant bovine rib bone model. Six kinds of defects (3-wall 2.5 mm, 3-wall 5 mm, 1-wall 2.5 mm, 1-wall 5 mm, circumferential 2.5 mm, circumferential 5 mm), and control (no defect) were prepared in 14 bovine rib bones. A total of 84 defects and 14 controls were created. The same type and size of implants (4 × 10 mm) were placed in each group. The thickness of cortical bone and the insertion torque were measured for each defect, and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value was measured 3 times from 4 different directions. The thickness of cortical bone ranged from 2.71-3.18 mm. Insertion torque decreased as the defect size increased. As the defect size for the same defect depth increased, the ISQ value decreased (P < .001). There were significant differences between the ISQ values obtained with different measurement directions only between the control and 3-wall 5 mm defect (P < .0001). The ISQ value opposite to the defect direction was higher than that in the defect direction in all 3 directions of the 3-wall and 1-wall 5 mm defects. ISQ values were influenced by defect type and depth. Loss of cortical bone reduced the stability of implants and reduced the ISQ value. Measurement direction also influenced ISQ values.
authors.affiliation: 1  Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 1  Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 2  Department of Periodontology, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kye
authors.affiliation: 3  Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongrak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 4  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Paeng
authors.affiliation: 5  Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 2  Department of Periodontology, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones; D002417:Cattle; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: defect depth; defect type; implant stability; implant stability quotient (ISQ); resonance frequency analysis