title: Fish oil intake induces UCP1 upregulation in brown and white adipose tissue via the sympathetic nervous system.
abstract: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis, and may provide novel strategies for the treatment of human obesity. BAT-mediated thermogenesis is regulated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in classical brown and ectopic beige adipocytes, and is controlled by sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Previous work indicated that fish oil intake reduces fat accumulation and induces UCP1 expression in BAT; however, the detailed mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of fish oil on energy expenditure and the SNS. Fish oil intake increased oxygen consumption and rectal temperature, with concomitant upregulation of UCP1 and the β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR), two markers of beige adipocytes, in the interscapular BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT). Additionally, fish oil intake increased the elimination of urinary catecholamines and the noradrenaline (NA) turnover rate in interscapular BAT and inguinal WAT. Furthermore, the effects of fish oil on SNS-mediated energy expenditure were abolished in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice. In conclusion, fish oil intake can induce UCP1 expression in classical brown and beige adipocytes via the SNS, thereby attenuating fat accumulation and ameliorating lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Minji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.|Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.|Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.|Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 654-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.|Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.|Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D005395:Fish Oils; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493921:TRPV1 protein, mouse; D014280:Triglycerides; C000604371:UCP1 protein, human; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1