title: Thyroid hormones improve cardiac function and decrease expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in the heart of rats 14 days after infarction.
abstract: Apoptosis is a key process associated with pathological cardiac remodelling in early-phase post-myocardial infarction. In this context, several studies have demonstrated an anti-apoptotic effect of thyroid hormones (TH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TH on the expression of proteins associated with the apoptotic process 14 days after infarction. Male Wistar rats (300-350 g) (n = 8/group) were divided into four groups: Sham-operated (SHAM), infarcted (AMI), sham-operated + TH (SHAMT) and infarcted + TH (AMIT). For 12 days, the animals received T3 and T4 [2 and 8 µg/(100 g day)] by gavage. After this, the rats were submitted to haemodynamic and echocardiographic analysis, and then were sacrificed and the heart tissue was collected for molecular analysis. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post test. Ethics Committee number: 23262. TH administration prevented the loss of ventricular wall thickness and improved cardiac function in the infarcted rats 14 days after the injury. AMI rats presented an increase in the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and JNK. The hormonal treatment prevented this increase in AMIT rats. In addition, TH administration decreased the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the infarcted rats. TH administration improved cardiac functional parameters, and decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins 14 days after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Luz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica H P
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bonetto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tânia R G
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conzatti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angela Vicente
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cavalheiro
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schenkel
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belló-Klein
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 01, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050170, Brazil. alsanderaraujo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alex Sander
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: da Rosa Araujo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D015870:Gene Expression; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Reactive oxygen species; Redox balance; T3; T4