title: Glyceryl Trinitrate for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Results From the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) Trial, a Subgroup Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial found that transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, a nitric oxide donor) lowered blood pressure but did not improve functional outcome in patients with acute stroke. However, GTN was associated with improved outcome if patients were randomized within 6 hours of stroke onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prespecified subgroup analysis, the effect of GTN (5 mg/d for 7 days) versus no GTN was studied in 629 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage presenting within 48 hours and with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean blood pressure at baseline was 172/93 mm Hg and significantly lower (difference -7.5/-4.2 mm Hg; both P≤0.05) on day 1 in 310 patients allocated to GTN when compared with 319 randomized to no GTN. No difference in the modified Rankin Scale was observed between those receiving GTN versus no GTN (adjusted odds ratio for worse outcome with GTN, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.37; P=0.84). In the subgroup of 61 patients randomized within 6 hours, GTN improved functional outcome with a shift in the modified Rankin Scale (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.69; P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the rates of serious adverse events between GTN and no GTN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours of onset, GTN lowered blood pressure was safe but did not improve functional outcome. Very early treatment might be beneficial but needs assessment in further studies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN99414122. Unique identifier: 99414122.
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Kailash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scutt
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cala
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czlonkowska
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dineen
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gommans
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koumellis
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Kennedy R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ntaios
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Serefnur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pocock
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Asita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sprigg
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szatmari
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.).
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wardlaw
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (K.K., P.S., L.W., N.S., P.M.B.) and Radiological Sciences Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience (R.A.D.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stroke Centre, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Verona, Italy (A.A.); Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson (J.L.B.); Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (E.B.); School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia (L.A.C.); Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (A.M.C., J.M.W.); Stroke Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (V.C.); Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (C.C.); Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C.); Stroke Service, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland (R.C.); Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); Department of Medicine, Hawke's Bay Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand (J.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.K.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.R.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.); Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey (S.O.); Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (S.J. Phillips); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (S.J. Pocock); Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka (A.d.S.); and Department of Neurology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania (S.S.). philip.bath@nottingham.a
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bath
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005996:Nitroglycerin
keywords: blood pressure; cerebral hemorrhage; nitroglycerin; randomized controlled trial; stroke