title: Examining a conceptual model of parental nurturance, parenting practices and physical activity among 5-6 year olds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenting is an often-studied correlate of children's physical activity, however there is little research examining the associations between parenting styles, practices and the physical activity of younger children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate whether physical activity-based parenting practices mediate the association between parenting styles and 5-6 year-old children's objectively-assessed physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  770 parents self-reported parenting style (nurturance and control) and physical activity-based parenting practices (logistic and modeling support). Their 5-6 year old child wore an accelerometer for five days to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Linear regression was used to examine direct and indirect (mediation) associations. Data were collected in the United Kingdom in 2012/13 and analyzed in 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parent nurturance was positively associated with provision of modeling (adjusted unstandardized coefficient, β = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.21) and logistic support (β = 0.14; 0.07, 0.21). Modeling support was associated with greater child MVPA (β = 2.41; 0.23, 4.60) and a small indirect path from parent nurturance to child's MVPA was identified (β = 0.27; 0.04, 0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity-based parenting practices are more strongly associated with 5-6 year old children's MVPA than parenting styles. Further research examining conceptual models of parenting is needed to understand in more depth the possible antecedents to adaptive parenting practices beyond parenting styles.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: simon.sebire@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sebire
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: russ.jago@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jago
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.thompson.1@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Janice L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jez.zahra@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jezmond
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zahra
authors.affiliation: MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: D.A.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawlor
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Children; Mediation; Parenting; Physical activity