title: [Non-infectious granulomatous inflammation: Focus on the lungs and skin].
abstract: Whereas a granulomatous reaction represents a physiologically useful immune defense mechanism against many infections, in autoimmune diseases granuloma formation and the concomitant inflammatory mechanisms may provoke a potentially organ-threatening reaction. Morphologically, several defined sub-types of granuloma have long been known, e.g. foreign body granuloma, tuberculous granuloma,sarcoid, pseudosarcoid, rheumatoid and rheumatic fever granulomas. However, in practice, assigning granulomas to a certain etiology from a biopsy or resection specimen can be a challenging diagnostic process. This article gives a practically oriented overview of the clinically most relevant non-infectious granulomatous diseases. The etiology, epidemiology, clinical correlation and morphology of granulomatous diseases are discussed, focussing on the lungs and skin.
authors.affiliation: Konsultations- und Referenzzentrum für Vaskulitis-Diagnostik, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland. konstanze.holl-ulrich@uksh.de.|Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie am Lademannbogen, Hamburg, Deutschland. konstanze.holl-ulrich@uksh.de.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holl-Ulrich
authors.affiliation: Dermatopathologie Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D003872:Dermatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000473:pathology; D015769:Granuloma, Respiratory Tract / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D009335:Necrobiosis Lipoidica / Q000473:pathology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012218:Rheumatoid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Granuloma annulare; Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; Necrobiosis lipoidica; Rheumatoid granuloma; Sarcoidosis