title: Neighborhood Predictors of Cognitive Training Outcomes and Trajectories in ACTIVE.
abstract: We examined the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic position (SEP), racial/ethnic composition, and living in a major city on cognitive trajectories and intervention outcomes. Data came from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study ( N = 2,438). Mixed effects analyses examined the associations between neighborhood variables and memory, reasoning, speed of processing, and everyday cognition, estimating differences in initial gains (potentially related to practice) and long-term rate of change over 10 years. The effect of reasoning training on initial gain was weaker for individuals in a major city. For everyday cognition, there was a stronger initial gain for memory-trained and control participants in areas with more racial/ethnic minorities and for speed-trained and control individuals in higher SEP areas. The racial/ethnic minority effect was no longer significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Neighborhood factors may be more important in practice-related improvement than in long-term change.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Oanh L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: 2 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Danville, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sisco
authors.affiliation: 1 University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: 3 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zahodne
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Glymour
authors.affiliation: 3 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manly
authors.affiliation: 5 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marsiske
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: cognition; cognitive training; neighborhood; plasticity; social determinants