title: Temporal plasma vitamin concentrations are altered by fat-soluble vitamin administration in suckling pigs.
abstract: Piglets are born with purportedly low plasma vitamin D levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration, primarily vitamin D, by different administration routes on plasma vitamin concentrations in suckling pigs. A total of 45 pigs from 5 litters were allotted at birth to 3 treatments within each litter. Pigs were administered 400 IU of α-tocopherol, 40,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, and 40,000 IU of vitamin D at d 1 of age either orally or by i.m. injection and compared with control pigs with no supplemental vitamin administration. Blood samples were collected at d 0 (initial), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 14, and 20 after administration. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD), α-tocopherol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol concentrations were analyzed. Except for retinol, the effects of treatment, day, and day × treatment interaction ( < 0.01) were observed on plasma vitamin concentrations. Plasma concentrations of 25OHD and α-tocopherol increased immediately regardless of administration routes to peak at d 2 and 1 after administration, respectively. Plasma retinyl palmitate concentrations increased only with the injection treatment, with the peak at d 1 after administration. Plasma concentrations of 25OHD in both administration treatments and α-tocopherol in the injection treatment were maintained at greater levels than those in the control treatment until d 20 after administration. With regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma 25OHD concentrations, the injection treatment had greater elimination half-life ( < 0.01), maximum plasma concentrations ( < 0.05), and all area under the curve parameters ( < 0.01) but a lower elimination rate constant ( < 0.01) than the oral treatment. Relative bioavailability of oral administration compared with injection administration was 55.26%. These results indicate that plasma status of 25OHD,α-tocopherol, and retinyl palmitate are differentially changed between types of vitamins administered and between administration routes and that the injection route had a greater increase and slower disappearance of plasma vitamin levels than the oral route during the suckling period.
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Monegue
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Monegue
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000502:physiology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006207:Half-Life; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins