title: Relationship between male hormonal status, Bezold-Jarisch reflex function, and ACE activity (cardiac and plasmatic).
abstract: The negative relationship between androgens and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) has been demonstrated, but no studies evaluated the physiological influence of testosterone on this reflex. We evaluated the influence of male rat castration on the BJR, cardiac morphometric parameters, and the plasmatic and the cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. After castration (CAS), the rats were divided into 24 and 72 h (CAS24H, CAS72H), and 7 and 21 days (CAS7D, CAS21D) groups. The BJR was studied by administering increasing doses of phenylbiguanide (PBG; 1.5-24 μg/kg) at different times after castration. Castration results in the following: (i) reduction in testosterone levels (SHAM: 238.7 ± 15.1; CAS24H: 9.0 ± 0.5; CAS72H: 6.7 ± 0.4; CAS7D: 5.2 ± 0.2; and CAS21D: 2.2 ± 0.3 ng/dL; p < 0.05); (ii) no changes in 17β-estradiol; (iii) a reduced BJR sensitivity (PBG 6 μg/kg; SHAM: 77 ± 7; CAS24H: 63 ± 10; CAS72H: 55 ± 6; CAS7D: 54 ± 4; and CAS21D: 35 ± 2%; p < 0.01); (iv) a decrease in cardiac (SHAM: 107 ± 6; CAS24H: 92 ± 2; CAS72H: 82 ± 3; CAS7D: 54 ± 3; and CAS21D: 43 ± 4%; p < 0.05) and plasmatic (SHAM: 135 ± 8; CAS24H: 102 ± 5; CAS72H: 99 ± 3; CAS7D: 89 ± 4; and CAS21D: 56 ± 6%; p < 0.05) ACE activity. No changes were observed in cardiac morphometry and hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, castration leads to decrease in testosterone levels as early as 24 h, reduction in ACE activity and loss of BJR sensitivity 7 days after castration. The loss of BJR sensitivity was not related to cardiac morphometric changes and cardiovascular hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha, Espírito Santo CEP 29102-920, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otávio Arruda
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Heringer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha, Espírito Santo CEP 29102-920, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Oliveira Dos Santos
authors.initials: KODS
authors.lastname: Cassaro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha, Espírito Santo CEP 29102-920, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nara Carolina Mateus Rabello
authors.initials: NCMR
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Girlandia Alexandre
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brasil
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrews Marques
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ewelyne Miranda
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nazaré Souza
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bissoli
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha, Espírito Santo CEP 29102-920, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha, Espírito Santo CEP 29102-920, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Coutinho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Endringer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha, Espírito Santo CEP 29102-920, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tadeu Uggere
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: de Andrade
keywords: Bezold–Jarisch reflex; angiotensin converting enzyme; castration; enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine; orchidectomie; orchiectomy; renin-angiotensin system; réflexe de Bezold–Jarisch; système rénine-angiotensine; testosterone; testostérone