title: Antifungal Saponins from the Maya Medicinal Plant Cestrum schlechtendahlii G. Don (Solanaceae).
abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract (80% EtOH) of the leaves of Cestrum schlechtendahlii, a plant used by Q'eqchi' Maya healers for treatment of athlete's foot, resulted in the isolation and identification of two spirostanol saponins (1 and 2). Structure elucidation by MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods identified them to be the known saponin (25R)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and new saponin (25R)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (2). While 2 showed little or no antifungal activity at the highest concentration tested, 1 inhibited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15-25 μM), Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Fusarium graminearum (MIC of 132-198 μM).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Chieu Anh Kim
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.|Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: J Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Analco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.|Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Mogg
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otárola-Rojas
authors.affiliation: Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poveda
authors.affiliation: Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Vindas
authors.affiliation: Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Belize.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cal
authors.affiliation: Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Belize.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caal
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rajagopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Myron L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxins (LANSET), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Arnason
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D032301:Cestrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects; D005006:Ethnicity; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019657:Solanaceae; D013150:Spirostans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C000611647:(25R)-1beta,2alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3-beta-yl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside; C000611648:(25R)-1beta,2alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3-beta-yl-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D013150:Spirostans
keywords: Cestrum schlechtendahlii; Q'eqchi' Maya; Solanaceae; antifungal; saponin; traditional medicine