title: Protective role against hydrogen peroxide and fibroblast stimulation via Ce-doped TiO2 nanostructured materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerium oxide (CeO2) and Ce-doped nanostructured materials (NMs) are being seen as innovative therapeutic tools due to their exceptional antioxidant effects; nevertheless their bio-applications are still in their infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  TiO2, Ce-TiO2 and CeO2-TiO2 NMs were synthesized by a bottom-up microemulsion-mediated strategy and calcined during 7h at 650°C under air flux. The samples were compared to elucidate the physicochemical characteristics that determine cellular uptake, toxicity and the influence of redox balance between the Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) on the cytoprotective role against an exogenous ROS source: H2O2. Fibroblasts were selected as a cell model because of their participation in wound healing and fibrotic diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ce-TiO2 NM obtained via sol-gel reaction chemistry of metallic organic precursors exerts a real cytoprotective effect against H2O2 over fibroblast proliferation, while CeO2 pre-formed nanoparticles incorporated to TiO2 crystalline matrix lead to a harmful CeO2-TiO2 material. TiO2 was processed by the same pathways as Ce-TiO2 and CeO2-TiO2 NM but did not elicit any adverse or protective influence compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that the Ce atoms source and its concentration have a clear effect on material's physicochemical properties and its subsequent influence in the cellular response. It can induce a range of biological reactions that vary from cytotoxic to cytoprotective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though there are still some unresolved issues and challenges, the unique physical and chemical properties of Ce-based NMs are fascinating and versatile resources for different biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, INQUISUR-CONICET, Argentina.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gravina
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur Montreal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maghni
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur Montreal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec H4J 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Innovation and Analysis of Bio-Performance, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 5079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors.forename: L'Hocine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yahia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Innovation and Analysis of Bio-Performance, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 5079, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Doris A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mbeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, INQUISUR-CONICET, Argentina. Electronic address: pmessina@uns.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Paula V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Messina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Anatase; Ce-doped TiO(2); Fibroblast; Nano-ceria; Nanoparticles; Reactive oxygen species