title: Short-term UROD treatment on cerebral function in codeine-containing cough syrups dependent male individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate alterations of resting brain function in codeine-containing cough syrups (CCS) dependent individuals before and after ultra-rapid opioid detoxification under general anaesthesia (UROD) combined with naltrexone treatment (NMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen CCS-dependent individuals were scanned using resting-state fMRI. After UROD and 2 weeks of NMT, CCS-dependent individuals were rescanned. Fourteen matched controls were studied at baseline and compared. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) were used to characterize resting-state cerebral function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After UROD and 2 weeks of NMT, CCS-dependent individuals had increased ALFF in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and right medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), decreased ALFF in the left post-central gyrus (PoCG), left middle occipital cortex (MOC) and left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and reduced FC between right mOFC and right DLPFC, and between left DLPFC and left inferior parietal lobe relative to pretreatment. Decreased ALFFs in the left PoCG and left MOC were associated with decreased withdrawal syndrome severity in CCS-dependent individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We offer the first report describing how regional and integral synchronous neural activity occurs after UROD and short-term NMT, accompanied by decreased withdrawal syndrome severity. These findings contribute to the understanding of complex systems involved in UROD-NMT effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • CCS-dependent individuals had reduced ALFF and increased FC at baseline. • UROD treatment can change the regional and integral brain function of CCS-dependent individuals. • Attenuated ALFFs are correlated with the withdrawal syndrome after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China. yingwei.qiu@duke-nus.edu.sg.|Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China. yingwei.qiu@duke-nus.edu.sg.|Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. yingwei.qiu@duke-nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Ying-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan-Huan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fen
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun-Zhang
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Addiction Medicine Division, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fu-Zhen
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000506:poisoning; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003061:Codeine / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone; D003061:Codeine
keywords: ALFF; Codeine cough medicine; Functional connectivity; UROD