title: Effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training on autonomic modulation, mucociliary clearance, and aerobic parameters in patients with COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit aerobic function, autonomic nervous system, and mucociliary clearance alterations. These parameters can be attenuated by aerobic training, which can be applied with continuous or interval efforts. However, the possible effects of aerobic training, using progressively both continuous and interval sessions (ie, linear periodization), require further investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effects of 12-week aerobic training using continuous and interval sessions on autonomic modulation, mucociliary clearance, and aerobic function in patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with COPD were divided into an aerobic (continuous and interval) training group (AT) (n=10) and a control group (CG) (n=6). An incremental test (initial speed of 2.0 km·h(-1), constant slope of 3%, and increments of 0.5 km·h(-1) every 2 minutes) was performed. The training group underwent training for 4 weeks at 60% of the peak velocity reached in the incremental test (vVO2peak) (50 minutes of continuous effort), followed by 4 weeks of sessions at 75% of vVO2peak (30 minutes of continuous effort), and 4 weeks of interval training (5×3-minute effort at vVO2peak, separated by 1 minute of passive recovery). Intensities were adjusted through an incremental test performed at the end of each period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AT presented an increase in the high frequency index (ms(2)) (P=0.04), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (P=0.01), vVO2peak (P=0.04), and anaerobic threshold (P=0.02). No significant changes were observed in the CG (P>0.21) group. Neither of the groups presented changes in mucociliary clearance after 12 weeks (AT: P=0.94 and CG: P=0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve weeks of aerobic training (continuous and interval sessions) positively influenced the autonomic modulation and aerobic parameters in patients with COPD. However, mucociliary clearance was not affected by aerobic training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marceli Rocha
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ercy Mara Cipulo
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kalva-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Coelho Figueira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Spolador
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: de Alencar Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Choqueta
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Toledo-Arruda
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos Marques
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vanderlei
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dionei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001938:Brazil; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: COPD; aerobic treatment; exercise; mucociliary clearance