title: The Effect of Melatonin on Bone Loss, Diabetic Control, and Apoptosis in Rats With Diabetes With Ligature-Induced Periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study examines the effect of systemic melatonin administration on proinflammatory cytokine levels, apoptosis, alveolar bone loss (ABL), lipid metabolism, and diabetic control in in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) and ligature-induced periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two male Wistar rats were used in this study. Study groups were as follows: 1) non-ligated control (NL, n = 6); 2) streptozotocin (STZ, n = 8); 3) STZ and melatonin (STZ+Mel, n = 8); 4) ligature (L, n = 6); 5) ligature and melatonin (L+Mel, n = 8); 6) STZ and ligature (STZ+L, n = 8); and 7) STZ, ligature, and melatonin (STZ+L+Mel, n = 8). DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg). Melatonin was administered by intraperitoneal injection of a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Silk ligatures were placed subgingivally around the mandibular right first molars. The study period was 4 weeks, and animals were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks. Morphometric analysis of bone loss was performed. Tissues were histopathologically examined. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X (bax) protein expressions, serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclast numbers were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 weeks, the highest ABL was observed in the STZ+L group, and the difference was significant (P <0.05). Systemically administered melatonin significantly decreased ABL in the STZ+L+Mel group compared with that in the STZ+L group (P <0.05). TRAP+ osteoclast numbers were the highest in the STZ+L group, and melatonin significantly decreased osteoclast numbers (P <0.05) but had no effect on iNOS, IL-1β, or bax levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that systemic melatonin treatment may decrease osteoclastic activity and reduce ABL in the model using rats with DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balci Yuce
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karatas
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Humeyra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aydemir Turkal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pirim Gorgun
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University.
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ocakli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benli
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cayli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin
keywords: Experimental diabetes mellitus; TRAP; iNOS; melatonin; periodontitis