title: Organoids derived from digestive tract, liver, and pancreas.
abstract: Lgr5 marks stem cells in digestive epithelial tissues by lineage tracing, and in vitro ever-expansion of Lgr5 stem cells form organoids, which can be directed to differentiate into functional somatic cells. Organoids derived from gastrointestinal epithelium even recapitulate the morphologic features of their in vivo counterpart. Culture conditions are also modified to establish cancer organoids from individual patients. With great genetic stability during derivation and expansion, organoids retain either single mutation in patients with inherited disease or multiple mutations of cancer tissues. Together with efficient gene-editing protocol, organoids are emerging as powerful in vitro disease models.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai IBD Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: An Tao
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai IBD Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jin Lu
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai IBD Research Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ran
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000166:cytology*; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C116884:LGR5 protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: Lgr5; R-spondin; organoids; paneth cells