title: Chemical crowd control agents.
abstract: Chemical crowd control agents are also referred to as riot control agents and are mainly used by civil authorities and government agencies to curtail civil disobedience gatherings or processions by large crowds. Common riot control agents used to disperse large numbers of individuals into smaller, less destructive, and more easily controllable numbers include chloroacetophenone, chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, dibenzoxazepine, diphenylaminearsine, and oleoresin capsicum. In this paper, we discuss the emergency medical care needed by sufferers of acute chemical agent contamination and raise important issues concerning toxicology, safety and health.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia mangalore971@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Ritesh G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Ather
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mansoor Ali Merchant
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rameez
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Centre, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Magdy A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kharoshah
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madadin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Naureen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Sri Gokulam Hospital and Research Institute, Salem, India.
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senthilkumaran
mesh_terms: D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012304:Riot Control Agents, Chemical / Q000266:history / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D012304:Riot Control Agents, Chemical
keywords: Chemical crowd control agents; emergency medical management; riot control agents; toxicology