title: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic: A Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Illiterate and Low-Educated Elderly Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the validity of a newly developed cognitive screening tool, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly adults with low education and varying literacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitively normal controls (n = 43) and individuals with MCI according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association work group criteria (n = 42) aged 55 to 80 with less than 5 years of education.
  
  
  METHODS
  MoCA-B scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MoCA-B scores were 26.3 ± 1.6 for illiterate controls and 21.3 ± 3.8 for illiterate participants with MCI (P < .001) and 26.6 ± 2.0 for literate controls and 23.0 ± 2.1 for literate participants with MCI (P < .001). MoCA-B scores did not differ significantly according to literacy, and multiple regression suggested no association with age or education. The optimal cutoff score of 24 out of 25 yielded 81% sensitivity and 86% specificity for MCI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.90, P < .001). Test-retest reliability was 0.91 (P < .001), and internal consistency was 0.82. Administration time was 15 to 21 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MoCA-B appears to have excellent validity and addresses an unmet need by accurately screening for MCI in poorly educated older adults regardless of literacy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.|MoCA Clinic and Institute, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada.|Prince Mahidol Award Youth Program, Prince Mahidol Award Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.|Department of Neurology, Health Science Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
authors.forename: Parunyou
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Julayanont
authors.affiliation: Dementia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sookjaroen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tangwongchai
authors.affiliation: Dementia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Solaphat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hemrungrojn
authors.affiliation: Dementia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chawit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tunvirachaisakul
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kammant
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phanthumchinda
authors.affiliation: Thai Red Cross Health Station 2, Relief and Community Health Bureau, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Juntanee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hongsawat
authors.affiliation: Thai Red Cross Health Station 2, Relief and Community Health Bureau, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panida
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suwichanarakul
authors.affiliation: Thai Red Cross Health Station 2, Relief and Community Health Bureau, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Saowaluck
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanasirorat
authors.affiliation: MoCA Clinic and Institute, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Ziad S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Nasreddine
keywords: 
  mild cognitive impairment
  ; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; mild cognitive impairment; screening