title: Nanoparticles for Use in Enzyme Assays.
abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) have created new ways to enhance the performance of classical biosensors in analytical sciences. NPs with unprecedented physiochemical properties can serve both as excellent carriers of bioreceptors and as signal enhancers, leading to improved assay platforms with high sensitivity and selectivity. Because enzymes play central roles in many cellular functions, specific and precise assays of their functions are of great significance in medical science and biotechnology. Here we review recent advances in NP-based biosensors and their use in enzyme assays. With fast and specific responses to enzyme-mediated reactions, NPs transduce and amplify the initial responses into various types of signals, such as electrochemical, optical and magnetic ones. Translation of their potential should lead to functionalized NPs finding wide applications in diagnostics, drug development and biotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, &, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. ypilkim@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Pil
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. hskim76@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hak-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: biosensors; enzyme assays; gold; magnetic nanoparticles; nanoparticles; quantum dots