title: Associations between the tumor necrosis factor-α gene and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and risk of alcoholic liver disease: A meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The critical roles of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) suggest that functional variations in the TNF-α (TNFA) and IL-10 genes may be related to individual susceptibility to ALD. As available studies examining the associations between TNFA or IL-10 polymorphisms and ALD risk have yielded conflicting results, a meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the potential relation between TNFA and IL-10 polymorphisms and the risk of ALD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q statistic and the I(2) statistic. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger's regression test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17studies and 12studies were identified and included in the meta-analysis of the associations between TNFA polymorphisms and ALD risk, and IL-10 polymorphisms and ALD risk, respectively. The pooled results showed that the "A" allele of the TNFA-238G>A polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of ALD. Significant differences in the allele and genotype distributions of the IL-10-1082A>G polymorphism were detected in the comparison between ALD patients and healthy controls, but not when comparing ALD patients and alcohol dependent individuals without ALD. No significant associations between other polymorphic loci and ALD risks were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TNFA-238G>A polymorphism was significantly associated with ALD risk, while the TNFA-308G>A polymorphism and IL-10 polymorphisms (-1082A>G and -592C>A) may not be associated with the individual susceptibility to ALD. The impact of combined TNFA and IL-10 polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to ALD needs to be investigated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Cui-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China. Electronic address: zengtao@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10