title: An Investigation on the Influence of Hyaluronic Acid on Polidocanol Foam Stability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foam sclerotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for varicose veins and venous malformations. Foam stability varies according to foam composition, volume, and injection technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the stability of polidocanol (POL) foam with the addition of hyaluronic acid (HA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Group A: 2 mL of 1% POL + 0 mL of 1% HA + 8 mL of air; Group B: 2 mL of 1% POL + 0.05 mL of 1% HA + 8 mL of air; Group C: 2 mL of 1% POL + 0.1 mL of 1% HA + 8 mL of air. Tessari's method was used for foam generation. The half-life, or the time for a volume of foam to be reduced to half of its original volume, was used to evaluate foam stability. Five recordings were made for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The half-life was 142.8 (±4.32) seconds for 1% POL without the addition of HA, 310.6 (±7.53) seconds with the addition of 0.05 mL of 1% HA, and 390.4 (±13.06) seconds with the addition of 0.1 mL of 1% HA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stability of POL foam was highly increased by the addition of small amounts of HA.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; †School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: An-Wei
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy; D004355:Drug Stability; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid