title: Discovery of Anti-inflammatory Ingredients in Chinese Herbal Formula Kouyanqing Granule based on Relevance Analysis between Chemical Characters and Biological Effects.
abstract: Kouyanqing Granule (KYQG) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula composed of Flos lonicerae (FL), Radix scrophulariae (RS), Radix ophiopogonis (RO), Radix asparagi (RA), and Radix et rhizoma glycyrrhizae (RG). In contrast with the typical method of separating and then biologicalily testing the components individually, this study was designed to establish an approach in order to define the core bioactive ingredients of the anti-inflammatory effects of KYQG based on the relevance analysis between chemical characters and biological effects. Eleven KYQG samples with different ingredients were prepared by changing the ratios of the 5 herbs. Thirty-eight ingredients in KYQG were identified using Ultra-fast liquid chromatography-Diode array detector-Quadrupole-Time-of-flight-Tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. Human oral keratinocytes (HOK) were cultured for 24 hours with 5% of Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to induce inflammation stress. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated after treatment with the eleven KYQG samples. Grey relational analysis(GRA), Pearson's correlations (PCC), and partial least-squares (PLS) were utilized to evaluate the contribution of each ingredient. The results indicated that KYQG significantly reduced interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α levels, in which lysine, γ-aminobutyric acid, chelidonic acid, tyrosine, harpagide, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, luteolin-7-o-glucoside, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, angoroside C, harpagoside, cinnamic acid, and ruscogenin play a vital role.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chu-yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: De-qin
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong-gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Pei-bo
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012906:Smoke; D013150:Spirostans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D047311:Luteolin
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D002934:Cinnamates; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D047309:Flavones; D005960:Glucosides; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012906:Smoke; D013150:Spirostans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000611944:kouyanqing; C029010:cinnamic acid; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; D047311:Luteolin; C012541:ruscogenin; C478100:3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; C100434:3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid