title: OnobotulinumtoxinA Has No Effects on Growth of LNCaP and PC3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been reported to have therapeutic effects on lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Patients with BPH are at risk of having prostate cancer. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of onobotulinumtoxinA on prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC3 were exposed to different doses of onobotulinumtoxinA (0-10 U; Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA). Cell viability, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis assay were subsequently measured. For the in vivo study, LNCaP and PC3 xenografts were introduced into nude mice and treated with intra-tumoral onobotulinumtoxinA or saline injection. Tumor volume, histopathology and apoptosis were assessed. Presence of SNAP-25 protein, the molecular target of onobotulinumtoxinA, was studied in both cell lines by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OnobotulinumtoxinA did not significantly affect cell proliferation or apoptosis in LNCaP and PC3 cells. There was no significant difference in tumor size and histopathological findings between the experimental and control groups. There was no detectable SNAP-25 protein in both cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OnobotulinumtoxinA does not affect the growth of LNCaP or PC3 cells in vitro and in vivo or produce significant anti-tumor effects. Intraprostatic BTX injection for BPH might not affect the growth of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan-Tso
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Hong-Yo
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCenter for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Yao-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
keywords: apoptosis; botulinum toxin; prostate cancer