title: Evaluation of depression and anxiety in empty nose syndrome after surgical treatment.
abstract: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is often associated with psychological symptoms. With the absence of psychiatric instruments utilized in the current literature, the assessment of psychological disorder is limited, and the effectiveness of surgical intervention in improving such disorders in ENS are not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in depression and anxiety before and after surgical treatment for ENS STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study in a tertiary medical center.
  
  
  
  ENS patients indicated for surgical treatment were enrolled. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires were completed by these patients before and after surgery to assess the level of depression and anxiety.
  
  
  
  A total of 20 patients completed the BDI-II and BAI before and after surgical treatment. A majority of patients developed depression and anxiety prior to surgical treatment. The severity of depression and anxiety were significantly decreased following the surgery; the mean scores of both the BDI-II and BAI improved from moderate severity to normal (both P < .001). The preoperative total score was found to be a powerful predictor for the postoperative improvement in both BDI-II and BAI (P < .001). Female patients had significantly worse preoperative scores (P = .005) and greater postoperative improvement (P = .012) in the BDI-II.
  
  
  
  Depression and anxiety are psychological disorders prevalent among ENS patients. Surgical treatment for ENS is effective in improving depression and anxiety. Patients with worse preoperative BDI-II and BAI scores as well as female patients may be better candidates for surgical intervention.
  
  
  
  4 Laryngoscope, 126:1284-1289, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ta-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Che
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Hsiu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: Beck Anxiety Inventory; Beck Depression Inventory II; Empty nose syndrome; mental condition; psychological status; submucosal implantation