title: Anti-Ascaris immunoglobulin E associated with bronchial hyper-reactivity in 9-year-old rural Bangladeshi children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have addressed the immunomodulatory effects of helminths and their protective effects upon asthma. However, anti-Ascaris IgE has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms. We examined the association between serum levels of anti-Ascaris IgE and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) in children living in rural Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum anti-Ascaris IgE level was measured and the BHR test done in 158 children aged 9 years selected randomly from a general population of 1705 in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance Area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. We investigated wheezing symptoms using a questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. BHR tests were successfully done on 152 children (108 'current wheezers'; 44 'never-wheezers'). We examined the association between anti-Ascaris IgE level and wheezing and BHR using multiple logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 108 current-wheezers, 59 were BHR-positive; of 44 never-wheezers, 32 were BHR-negative. Mean anti-Ascaris IgE levels were significantly higher (12.51 UA/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.21-17.00) in children with current wheezing with BHR-positive than in those of never-wheezers with BHR-negative (3.89; 2.65-5.70; t test, p < 0.001). A BHR-positive test was independently associated with anti-Ascaris IgE levels with an odds ratio (OR) = 7.30 [95% CI, 2.28-23.33], p = 0.001 when adjusted for total IgE, anti-Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus IgE, pneumonia history, parental asthma, Trichuris infection, forced expiratory volume in one second, eosinophilic leukocyte count, and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-Ascaris IgE level is associated with an increased risk of BHR among 9-year-old rural Bangladeshi children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: htakeuchi-tky@umin.net.
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Food and Nutrition Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Al Fazal
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.affiliation: Centre for Food and Nutrition Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mohammad Imrul
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Mohammad Delwer Hossain
authors.initials: MDH
authors.lastname: Hawlader
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Khalequz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Global Burden of Disease, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Hafizur R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wagatsuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Education for Childcare, Faculty of Child Studies, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001200:Ascaris / Q000276:immunology*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Antigen specific IgE; Bronchial hyper-responsiveness; Childhood asthma; Lung function tests; Nematode infections