title: Two-year Randomized Clinical Trial of Self-etching Adhesives and Selective Enamel Etching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this randomized, controlled prospective clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of restoring noncarious cervical lesions with two self-etching adhesive systems applied with or without selective enamel etching.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one-step self-etching adhesive (Xeno V(+)) and a two-step self-etching system (Clearfil SE Bond) were used. The effectiveness of phosphoric acid selective etching of enamel margins was also evaluated. Fifty-six cavities were restored with each adhesive system and divided into two subgroups (n=28; etch and non-etch). All 112 cavities were restored with the nanohybrid composite Esthet.X HD. The clinical effectiveness of restorations was recorded in terms of retention, marginal integrity, marginal staining, caries recurrence, and postoperative sensitivity after 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (modified United States Public Health Service).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Friedman test detected significant differences only after 18 months for marginal staining in the groups Clearfil SE non-etch (p=0.009) and Xeno V(+) etch (p=0.004). One restoration was lost during the trial (Xeno V(+) etch; p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although an increase in marginal staining was recorded for groups Clearfil SE non-etch and Xeno V(+) etch, the clinical effectiveness of restorations was considered acceptable for the single-step and two-step self-etching systems with or without selective enamel etching in this 24-month clinical trial.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019279:Resin Cements
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements