title: COPD in Taiwan: a National Epidemiology Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of COPD in Taiwan and to document the disease characteristics and associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a random cross-sectional national survey of adults older than 40 years in Taiwan. Respiratory health screening questions identified subjects with diagnosed COPD or whose reported symptoms also fulfilled an epidemiological case definition; these were eligible to complete the survey, which also included indices of symptom severity and disability and questions on comorbidities, medical treatments, smoking habits, and occupations potentially harmful to respiratory health. Subjects with diagnosed COPD were subdivided by smoking status. Subjects who fulfilled the case definition of COPD and smoked were designated as "possible COPD". Participants who did not fit the case definition of COPD were asked only about their personal circumstances and smoking habits. Data from these groups were analyzed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 6,600 participants who completed the survey, 404 (6.1%) fulfilled the epidemiological case definition of COPD: 137 with diagnosed COPD and 267 possible COPD. The most common comorbidities of COPD were hypertension or cardiovascular diseases (36.1%). Subjects with definite COPD had significantly higher COPD Assessment Test scores than the possible COPD group (14.6±8.32 vs 12.6±6.49, P=0.01) and significantly more comorbid illnesses (P=0.01). The main risk factors contributing to health care utilization in each COPD cohort were higher COPD Assessment Test scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.26), higher modified Medical Research Council Breathlessness Scale scores (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.11-3.51), and having more than one comorbidity (OR 5.19, 95% CI 1.05-25.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With estimated prevalence of 6.1% in the general population, COPD in Taiwan has been underdiagnosed. Symptoms and comorbidities were independent risk factors for health care utilization in subjects with definite or possible COPD. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of the importance of early evaluation and prompt treatment for subjects with chronic airway symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shih-Lung
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-Cheng
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chin-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Chest Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ching-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hao-Chien
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jeng-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.affiliation: Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Guishan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chee-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Diahn-Warng
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Perng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chong-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Asia; COPD; epidemiology; health care utilization; risk factors