title: HIV-1/HAART-Related Lipodystrophy Syndrome (HALS) Is Associated with Decreased Circulating sTWEAK Levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and HIV-1/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) share clinical, pathological and mechanistic features. Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in obesity and related diseases. We sought to explore the relationship between HALS and circulating levels of soluble (s) TWEAK and its scavenger receptor sCD163.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional multicenter study of 120 HIV-1-infected patients treated with a stable HAART regimen; 56 with overt HALS and 64 without HALS. Epidemiological and clinical variables were determined. Serum levels of sTWEAK and sCD163 levels were measured by ELISA. Results were analyzed with Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and χ2 test. Pearson and Spearman correlation were used to estimate the strength of association between variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating sTWEAK was significantly decreased in HALS patients compared with non-HALS patients (2.81±0.2 vs. 2.94±0.28 pg/mL, p = 0.018). No changes were observed in sCD163 levels in the studied cohorts. On multivariate analysis, a lower log sTWEAK concentration was independently associated with the presence of HALS (OR 0.027, 95% CI 0.001-0.521, p = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HALS is associated with decreased sTWEAK levels.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Dupla
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maymó-Masip
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peraire
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viladés
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnedo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrando-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Debón
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Ma
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Matilde R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chacón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors