title: [Optical coherence tomography for differentiation of parathyroid gland tissue].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging technique that allows the identification of microarchitectural features in real-time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Can OCT be used to differentiate parathyroid tissue from other cervical tissue entities?
  
  
  METHODS
  All investigations were carried out during cervical operations. Initially, ex vivo images were analyzed to define morphological imaging criteria for each tissue entity. These criteria were used to evaluate a first series of ex vivo images. In a second phase the practicability of the technique was investigated in vivo and in the third phase backscattering intensity measurements were analyzed employing linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ex vivo series parathyroid tissue could be differentiated from other tissue entities with a sensitivity and specificity of 84  % and 94  %, respectively. Parathyroid tissue was correctly identified in the in vivo series in only 69.2 %. The analysis of backscattering intensity profiles employing LDA reliably distinguished between the different tissue types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OCT images displayed typical characteristics for each tissue entity. Due to technical problems in handling the probe the in vivo OCT images were of much poorer quality. Backscattering intensity measurements illustrated that OCT images provide an individual profile for each tissue entity independent of the defined morphological assessment criteria. The results show that OCT is fundamentally suitable for intraoperative differentiation of tissues.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland. Roland.Ladurner@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ladurner
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hallfeldt
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al Arabi
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallwas
authors.affiliation: Institut für Psychologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sommerey
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Backscattering intensity; In vivo; Optical coherence tomography; Parathyroid surgery; Tissue differentiation