title: Facial Nerve Outcome and Tumor Control Rate as a Function of Degree of Resection in Treatment of Large Acoustic Neuromas: Preliminary Report of the Acoustic Neuroma Subtotal Resection Study (ANSRS).
abstract: Patients with large vestibular schwannomas are at high risk of poor facial nerve (cranial nerve VII [CNVII]) function after surgery. Subtotal resection potentially offers better outcome, but may lead to higher tumor regrowth.
  
  
  
  To assess long-term CNVII function and tumor regrowth in patients with large vestibular schwannomas.
  
  
  
  Prospective multicenter nonrandomized cohort study of patients with vestibular schwannoma ≥2.5 cm who received gross total resection, near total resection, or subtotal resection. Patients received radiation if tumor remnant showed signs of regrowth.
  
  
  
  Seventy-three patients had adequate follow-up with mean tumor diameter of 3.33 cm. Twelve received gross total resection, 22 near total resection, and 39 subtotal resection. Fourteen (21%) remnant tumors continued to grow, of which 11 received radiation, 1 had repeat surgery, and 2 no treatment. Four of the postradiation remnants (36%) required surgical salvage. Tumor regrowth was related to non-cystic nature, larger residual tumor, and subtotal resection. Regrowth was 3 times as likely with subtotal resection compared to gross total resection and near total resection. Good CNVII function was achieved in 67% immediately and 81% at 1-year. Better immediate nerve function was associated with smaller preoperative tumor size and percentage of tumor left behind on magnetic resonance image. Degree of resection defined by surgeon and preoperative tumor size showed weak trend toward better late CNVII function.
  
  
  
  Likelihood of tumor regrowth was 3 times higher in subtotal resection compared to gross total resection and near total resection groups. Rate of radiation control of growing remnants was suboptimal. Better immediate but not late CNVII outcome was associated with smaller tumors and larger tumor remnants.
  
  
  
  CNVII, cranial nerve VIIGTR, gross total resectionHB, House-BrackmannMRI, magnetic resonance imageNTR, near total resectionSTR, subtotal resection.
authors.affiliation: *Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC; ‡Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; §Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ¶Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; ‖Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; #Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; **Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York; ‡‡Department of Statistics, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California; §§Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; ¶¶Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; ##Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monfared
authors.forename: Carlton E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: Philip V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Theodosopoulos
authors.forename: Nikolas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oghalai
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Selesnick
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.forename: Marlan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Rick F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gantz
authors.forename: Joe W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kutz
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amdur
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jackler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors