title: Oblique Loading in Post Mortem Human Surrogates from Vehicle Lateral Impact Tests using Chestbands.
abstract: While numerous studies have been conducted to determine side impact responses of Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) using sled and other equipment, experiments using the biological surrogate in modern full-scale vehicles are not available. The present study investigated the presence of oblique loading in moving deformable barrier and pole tests. Threepoint belt restrained PMHS were positioned in the left front and left rear seats in the former and left front seat in the latter condition and tested according to consumer testing protocols. Three chestbands were used in each specimen (upper, middle and lower thorax). Accelerometers were secured to the skull, shoulder, upper, middle and lower thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and sacrum. Chestband signals were processed to determine magnitudes and angulations of peak deflections. The magnitude and timing of various signal peaks are given. Vehicle accelerations, door velocities, and seat belt loads are also given. Analysis of deformation contours, peak deflections, and angulations indicated that the left rear seated specimen were exposed to anterior oblique loading while left front specimens in both tests sustained essentially pure lateral loading to the torso. These data can be used to validate human body computational models. The occurrence of oblique loading in full-scale testing, hitherto unrecognized, may serve to stimulate the exploration of its role in injuries to the thorax and lower extremities in modern vehicles. It may be important to continue research in this area because injury metrics have a lower threshold for angled loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoganandan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Humm
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pintar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Mike W J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.affiliation: US DOT NHTSA, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rhule
authors.affiliation: US DOT NHTSA, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.affiliation: US DOT NHTSA, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D000054:Acceleration; D061725:Accelerometry; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001336:Automobiles; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012622:Seat Belts; D013898:Thoracic Injuries