title: Composition of the endophytic filamentous fungi associated with Cinchona ledgeriana seeds and production of Cinchona alkaloids.
abstract: Four kinds of endophytic filamentous fungi (code names: CLS-1, CLS-2, CLS-3, and CLS-4) associated with the seeds of Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) from West Java, Indonesia, were isolated. All of the isolates were classified into Diaporthe spp. based on phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) including the 5.8S ribosomal DNA region. All four of these endophytic fungi produce Cinchona alkaloids, mainly quinine and quinidine, in synthetic liquid medium.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo 1, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan. maehara@fupharm.fukuyama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Andria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agusta
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo 1, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Chinami
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo 1, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo 1, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002929:Cinchona / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D002930:Cinchona Alkaloids / Q000378:metabolism*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007214:Indonesia; D010802:Phylogeny; D011802:Quinidine / Q000378:metabolism; D011803:Quinine / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002930:Cinchona Alkaloids; D011803:Quinine; D011802:Quinidine
keywords: Cinchona alkaloid; Cinchona ledgeriana; Endophytic filamentous fungus; Quinidine; Quinine