title: Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Qualiveen-30 Questionnaire in Persian for Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to cross-culturally translate the Qualiveen-30 into Persian and validate it in Iranian patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional prospective validation study. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire was performed in accordance with published guidelines. A total of 154 patients with SCI or MS who suffered from lower urinary symptoms for at least 6 months were asked to complete the questionnaire in the first visit to the clinic and after 3 weeks. To assess reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and validity was assessed using convergent and discriminant validities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the Qualiveen-30 at two assessments ranged from 0.82 to 0.95, indicating a good internal consistency for the questionnaire. There were high amounts of test-retest reliability for the Qualiveen questionnaire and each of its domains (ICC > 0.90). Also, Qualiveen and its domains had a moderate to high correlation with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) (0.36 < r < 0.57) and SF-12 MCS (-0.51 < r < -0.11) and SF-12 PCS (-0.29 < r < -0.19), indicating good convergent validity. Comparison of Qualiveen in groups of income, education and manner of voiding revealed the high discriminative power of this instrument. The hypothesized four factor structure was approved using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, the Persian version of Qualiveen-30 performed is a reliable and valid measure for the evaluation of the quality of life related to lower urinary symptoms in patients with SCI or MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolghasem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikfallah
authors.affiliation: MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezaali
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Nursing Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nooredin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboobeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrishamkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sahraian
authors.affiliation: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pakpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mir Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yekaninejad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D065246:Culturally Competent Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Qualiveen; quality of life; reliability; translation; validity