title: A Core Outcome Set for Evaluation of Interventions to Prevent Preterm Birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a consensus on a set of key clinical outcomes for the evaluation of preventive interventions for preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage web-based Delphi survey and a face-to-face meeting of key stakeholders were used to develop a consensus on a set of critical and important outcomes. We approached five stakeholder groups (parents, midwives, obstetricians, neonatologists, and researchers) from middle- and high-income countries. Outcomes subjected to the Delphi survey were identified by systematic literature review and stakeholder input. Survey participants scored each outcome on a 9-point Likert scale anchored between 1 (limited importance) and 9 (critical importance). They had the opportunity to reflect on total and stakeholder subgroup feedback between survey stages. For consensus, defined a priori, outcomes required at least 70% of participants of each stakeholder group to score them as "critical" and less than 15% as "limited."
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 228 participants from five stakeholder groups from three lower middle-income countries, seven upper middle-income countries, and 17 high-income countries were asked to score 31 outcomes. Of these participants, 195 completed the first survey and 174 the second. Consensus was reached on 13 core outcomes: four were related to pregnant women: maternal mortality, maternal infection or inflammation, prelabor rupture of membranes, and harm to mother from intervention. Nine were related to offspring: gestational age at birth, offspring mortality, birth weight, early neurodevelopmental morbidity, late neurodevelopmental morbidity, gastrointestinal morbidity, infection, respiratory morbidity, and harm to offspring from intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This core outcome set for studies that evaluate prevention of preterm birth developed with an international multidisciplinary perspective will ensure that data from trials that assess prevention of preterm birth can be compared and combined.
  COMET Initiative, http://www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/603, REGISTRATION NUMBER: 603.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; the Irish Neonatal Health Alliance, Wicklow, Ireland; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, and Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, and Imperial College Health Care NHS Trust, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, and the Women's Health Research Unit, the Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom; the George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Rockville, Maryland; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch Hospitals, Galveston, Texas; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van 't Hooft
authors.forename: James M N
authors.initials: JMN
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Shireen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meher
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thom
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.forename: Zarko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alfirevic
authors.forename: Ben Willem J
authors.initials: BWJ
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: Khalid S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000592:standards*; D001724:Birth Weight; D032921:Consensus; D003697:Delphi Technique; D002658:Developmental Disabilities; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D009422:Nervous System Diseases; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases