title: Fast and simple procedure for fractionation of zinc in soil using an ultrasound probe and FAAS detection. Validation of the analytical method and evaluation of the uncertainty budget.
abstract: A new fast method for determination of mobile zinc fractions in soil is proposed in this work. The three-stage modified BCR procedure used for fractionation of zinc in soil was accelerated by using ultrasounds. The working parameters of an ultrasound probe, a power and a time of sonication, were optimized in order to acquire the content of analyte in soil extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted sequential extraction (USE) consistent with that obtained by conventional modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) procedure. The content of zinc in extracts was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The developed USE procedure allowed for shortening the total extraction time from 48 h to 27 min in comparison to conventional modified BCR procedure. The method was fully validated, and the uncertainty budget was evaluated. The trueness and reproducibility of the developed method was confirmed by analysis of certified reference material of lake sediment BCR-701. The applicability of the procedure for fast, low costs and reliable determination of mobile zinc fraction in soil, which may be useful for assessing of anthropogenic impacts on natural resources and environmental monitoring purposes, was proved by analysis of different types of soil collected from Podlaskie Province (Poland).
authors.affiliation: University of Bialystok, Institute of Chemistry, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland. blesniew@uwb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leśniewska
authors.affiliation: University of Bialystok, Institute of Chemistry, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kisielewska
authors.affiliation: Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wiejska 45A, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Józefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiater
authors.affiliation: University of Bialystok, Institute of Chemistry, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D011044:Poland; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014465:Ultrasonics; D035501:Uncertainty; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Modified BCR procedure; Sequential extraction; Ultrasound probe; Uncertainty budged; Zinc fractions