title: HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunogens to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies.
abstract: The long pursuit for a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has recently been boosted by a number of exciting developments. An HIV-1 subunit vaccine ideally should elicit potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), but raising bNAbs by vaccination has proved extremely difficult because of the characteristics of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complex (Env). However, the isolation of bNAbs from HIV-1-infected patients demonstrates that the human humoral immune system is capable of making such antibodies. Therefore, a focus of HIV-1 vaccinology is the elicitation of bNAbs by engineered immunogens and by using vaccination strategies aimed at mimicking the bNAb maturation pathways in HIV-infected patients. Important clues can also be taken from the successful subunit vaccines against hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus. Here, we review the different types of HIV-1 immunogens and vaccination strategies that are being explored in the search for an HIV-1 vaccine that induces bNAbs.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kwinten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sliepen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.|b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Rogier W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
keywords: HIV-1; broadly neutralizing antibodies; envelope glycoprotein; immunogen design; nanoparticle vaccines; sequential vaccination; vaccination strategies; vaccines