title: Prehypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Population: Four-Year Follow-Up Study.
abstract: Hypertension is a well established cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effect of prehypertension on risk of CKD is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether prehypertension increases the risk of CKD events in the Chinese population. We enrolled 20,034 with prehypertension and 12,351 with ideal blood pressure in this prospective study. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min 1.73 m2. The new occurrences of CKD events were collected during follow-up. Cumulative survival and freedom for the occurrence of new CKD events was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Multivariate Cox Regression was used to analyze the effect of prehypertension on CKD. The median follow-up time was 47 (interquartile range 44-51) months. 601 new onset CKD events occurred during the follow-up period. The cumulative incidence of new CKD events was higher in the prehypertensive population than that in the ideal blood pressure population (2.10% vs 1.46%, P = 0.0001). Multivariate Cox Regression showed that relative risks (RRs) for the new onset CKD events in the prehypertensive population were 1.69 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.41~2.04, P = 0.001) higher than those in the ideal blood pressure population. Similarly, the risks were 1.68 (95% CI: 1.33~2.13 P = 0.001) times higher in females and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.58~2.91 P = 0.001) times higher in males by adjustment for traditional CV risk factors. Our findings demonstrated prehypertension is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of new CKD events in the Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Jinhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Junjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Jingsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Shuohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology