title: Localised controlled release of simvastatin from porous chitosan-gelatin scaffolds engrafted with simvastatin loaded PLGA-microparticles for bone tissue engineering application.
abstract: Localised controlled release of simvastatin from porous freeze-dried chitosan-gelatin (CH-G) scaffolds was investigated by incorporating simvastatin loaded poly-(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) microparticles (MSIMs) into the scaffolds. MSIMs at 10% w/w simvastatin loading were prepared using a single emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The MSIM optimal amount to be incorporated into the scaffolds was selected by analysing the effect of embedding increasing amounts of blank PLGA microparticles (BL-MPs) on the scaffold physical properties and on the in vitro cell viability using a clonal human osteoblastic cell line (hFOB). Increasing the BL-MP content from 0% to 33.3% w/w showed a significant decrease in swelling degree (from 1245±56% to 570±35%). Scaffold pore size and distribution changed significantly as a function of BL-MP loading. Compressive modulus of scaffolds increased with increasing BL-MP amount up to 16.6% w/w (23.0±1.0kPa). No significant difference in cell viability was observed with increasing BL-MP loading. Based on these results, a content of 16.6% w/w MSIM particles was incorporated successfully in CH-G scaffolds, showing a controlled localised release of simvastatin able to influence the hFOB cell proliferation and the osteoblastic differentiation after 11 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Vijay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Nandagiri
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chiono
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mattu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tonda-Turo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciardelli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address: zramtoola@rcsi.ie.
authors.forename: Zebunnissa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ramtoola
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016062:Porosity; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: Bone tissue engineering; Chitosan–gelatin scaffold; Localised controlled delivery; PLGA microparticles; Simvastatin