title: A Generic and Cell-Type-Specific Wound Response Precedes Regeneration in Planarians.
abstract: Regeneration starts with injury. Yet how injuries affect gene expression in different cell types and how distinct injuries differ in gene expression remain unclear. We defined the transcriptomes of major cell types of planarians--flatworms that regenerate from nearly any injury--and identified 1,214 tissue-specific markers across 13 cell types. RNA sequencing on 619 single cells revealed that wound-induced genes were expressed either in nearly all cell types or specifically in one of three cell types (stem cells, muscle, or epidermis). Time course experiments following different injuries indicated that a generic wound response is activated with any injury regardless of the regenerative outcome. Only one gene, notum, was differentially expressed early between anterior- and posterior-facing wounds. Injury-specific transcriptional responses emerged 30 hr after injury, involving context-dependent patterning and stem-cell-specialization genes. The regenerative requirement of every injury is different; however, our work demonstrates that all injuries start with a common transcriptional response.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Omri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wurtzel
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Satija
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Aviv
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: reddien@wi.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Reddien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D002469:Cell Separation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004950:Esterases / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015723:Gene Library; D010932:Planarians / Q000502:physiology*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D004950:Esterases