title: Association Between Changes in Risk Factor Status and Suicidal Ideation Incidence and Recovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about risk factors associated with the incidence of and recovery from suicidal ideation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between potential risk factors and their change in status over the follow-up period and the incidence of and recovery from suicidal ideation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month follow-up survey was conducted among 997 adults aged between 20 and 59 years living in Hong Kong.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rates of suicidal ideation increased in individuals who were divorced, separated, or widowed, in low economic status, had a history of psychiatric treatment, and experienced bereavement at baseline. Experiencing three or more life events and persistent unemployment over the follow-up period was associated with increased incidence of suicidal ideation. Increased levels of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and irrational beliefs were associated with suicidal ideation incidence in men but not in women (p = .009-.067 for interactions). Among individuals who had suicidal ideation at baseline, those who had increased severity of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness over the follow-up period were less likely to recover from suicidal ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Life events and persistent unemployment were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. Gender differences were detected in the association between changes in the status of psychological factors and the occurrence of suicidal ideation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.|2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.|2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Paul Siu Fai
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: 2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.|3 Institute of Health Policy and Management, and Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Paul Wai Ching
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.|2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.
authors.forename: Frances Yik Wa
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Law
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001601:Bereavement; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: incidence; recovery; risk factor; suicidal ideation