title: Drug resistance in inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: The management of patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel diseases, that is, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, remains challenging. In recent years, therapeutic goal evolved from clinical remission to mucosal healing and deep remission. In order to achieve remission, it is important to appropriately choose and use available drugs. Therefore, anti-TNFα treatment should be rapidly used for severe and at-risk patients, sometimes in association with thiopurines or methotrexate. The monitoring of through levels and antibodies to anti-TNFα is relevant to optimize the treatment and to reduce drug inefficacy. However, the development of new drugs is required to offer alternative tools to severe and refractory patients.
authors.affiliation: Département de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: Unité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, F-31300, France; INSERM U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse F-31300, France. Electronic address: mas.e@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mas
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate