title: Penile cancer: a local case series and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Penile cancer is an uncommon disease affecting only about one in 100,000 men worldwide in a year. The diagnosis of the condition is frequently delayed, and the disease and its treatment frequently result in significant morbidity in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We herein describe seven cases of penile tumours: six cases of squamous cell carcinomas and one case of B-cell lymphoma that presented to our hospital's urology department between March 2011 and October 2012. We reviewed the literature to discuss the clinical presentation, natural history and current management of penile cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were followed up for 1-24 months. They were managed according to their disease stage and lymph node status. Four out of seven patients showed disease progression during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accurate staging of inguinal nodes in cases of low-risk disease is important to prescribe appropriate surgery for the inguinal nodes. Aggressive management of inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes remains the cornerstone in the treatment of high-risk disease cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alexandra Health, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei Da
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alexandra Health, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chin Hu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alexandra Health, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tow Poh
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alexandra Health, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
keywords: penile cancer; penile lymphoma; penis; phimosis; squamous cell carcinoma