title: Pregnancy and liver disease.
abstract: Pregnancy associated liver diseases affect up to 3% of pregnant women and are the most frequent cause of liver dysfunction in pregnancy. When severe, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and infant. A rapid evaluation to distinguish them from non-pregnancy related liver dysfunction is essential, in order to facilitate appropriate management. Liver disease unrelated to pregnancy can present de novo in pregnancy, or pregnancy can occur in women with preexisting liver pathology (Table 1). Research and subsequent advances in medical care have resulted in improved but still not satisfactory maternal and fetal outcomes. In this review we provide an overview of the liver diseases specific to the pregnant state and an update on their pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes. The risks of pregnancy in women with pre-existent liver pathology is detailed and recent advances in our understanding of specific risks and outcomes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Free Hospital, Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK. Electronic address: rachel.westbrook@nhs.net.
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.affiliation: The Royal Free Hospital, Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dusheiko
authors.affiliation: Division of Women's Health, 2nd Floor, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D017359:HELLP Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Cholestasis of pregnancy; Fatty liver of pregnancy; HELLP syndrome; Pregnancy