title: Ethylene bisdithiocarbamate pesticides Maneb and Mancozeb cause metal overload in human colon cells.
abstract: Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides Maneb and Mancozeb are equipotent gastrointestinal toxicants that produce cell loss and metal accumulation within HT-29 and Caco2 colon cells. Nabam, MnCl2, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 exposure produced no loss of viability up to 200 μM and increases in metal levels were noted but not to the same extent as Maneb and Mancozeb. EBDC exposure caused increases in copper levels (20-200 μM). Maneb and Mancozeb treatment also caused increases in manganese and zinc concentrations (20-200 μM). Nabam plus MnCl2 and Nabam and MnCl2 plus ZnCl2 caused decreases in viability and increases in metal levels comparable to Maneb and Mancozeb. Decreases in the ratio of reduced glutathione to glutathione disulfide were observed with Maneb and Mancozeb (20-200 μM). Maneb and Mancozeb treatment results in intracellular metal accumulation leading to the oxidative stress. The metal moiety and the organic portion of EBDCs contribute to toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trombetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA. Electronic address: hardejd@stjohns.edu.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hardej
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity*; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D015038:Zineb / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008670:Metals; D008344:Maneb; C013099:mancozeb; D015038:Zineb
keywords: Colon cells; Fungicides; Mancozeb; Maneb; Metal accumulation; Zineb