title: Severity of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome: Is There an Association?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Causal factors for MetS are not well defined or yet unidentified. Preliminary investigations suggest that infections and inflammation may be involved in the etiology of this syndrome. This study aims to estimate the association between the severity of periodontitis (exposure) and MetS (outcome).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted with 419 participants recruited from the Diabetes and Hypertensive Treatment Center, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. After administration of a questionnaire, general and oral clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed. Diagnosis of periodontitis and MetS was performed according to various criteria. The analysis of the effect of periodontitis on MetS used logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of periodontitis was found to be between 34.61% and 55.37%, depending on the classification definitions used, and the prevalence of MetS ranged from 60.86% to 67.06%. In the group with periodontitis, 14.08% had severe and 41.29% had moderate levels of periodontitis. There was an association between severe periodontitis and MetS after adjustment for sex, age, household density, alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking habit, and cardiovascular disease (odds ratio ORadjusted_6 = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.01 to 4.40, P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that periodontitis is associated with MetS, and that MetS prevalence is related to severe periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaac Suzart
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gomes-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Magno Conceição
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: das Mercês
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.|Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Johelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Santana Passos-Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.|Department of Epidemiology, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antonio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seixas da Cruz
authors.affiliation: Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Marice
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Teixeira Ladeia
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraya Castro
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eneida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Moraes Marcílio Cerqueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Feira de Santana State University.
authors.forename: Julita Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Freitas Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Marques Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia.
authors.forename: Maurício Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Pereira Vianna
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia.
authors.forename: Maria da Conceição
authors.initials: Mda C
authors.lastname: Nascimento Costa
authors.affiliation: Oral Molecular Immunopathology Research Group, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Gregory John
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Scannapieco
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Epidemiology; metabolic syndrome X; periodontitis