title: Dual delivery of biological therapeutics for multimodal and synergistic cancer therapies.
abstract: Cancer causes >8.2 million deaths annually worldwide; thus, various cancer treatments have been investigated over the past decades. Among them, combination drug therapy has become extremely popular, and treatment with more than one drug is often necessary to achieve appropriate anticancer efficacy. With the development of nanoformulations and nanoparticulate-based drug delivery, researchers have explored the feasibility of dual delivery of biological therapeutics to overcome the current drawbacks of cancer therapy. Compared with the conventional single drug therapy, dual delivery of therapeutics has provided various synergistic effects in addition to offering multimodality to cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight and summarize three aspects of dual-delivery systems for cancer therapy. These include (1) overcoming drug resistance by the dual delivery of chemical drugs with biological therapeutics for synergistic therapy, (2) targeted and controlled drug release by the dual delivery of drugs with stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, and (3) multimodal theranostics by the dual delivery of drugs and molecular imaging probes. Furthermore, recent developments, perspectives, and new challenges regarding dual-delivery systems for cancer therapy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyokyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pramila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Katila
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyukjin@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyukjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D004338:Drug Combinations
keywords: Biological therapeutics; Cancer therapy; Dual delivery