title: Physical Function and Mental Health in Trauma Intensive Care Patients: A 2-Year Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to examine changes in function over time after injury and to identify factors associated with long-term recovery that may be amenable to change through intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care in a tertiary hospital in Queensland, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult (n = 123) admitted to intensive care for treatment of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected prior to hospital discharge and 1, 6, 12, and 24 months post injury. Data included demographics, preinjury health, injury characteristics, acute care factors, psychosocial measures, and health status. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify factors associated with physical function and mental health over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical function and mental health improved over time; however, the averages remained below Australian norms at 24 months. Optimistic perception of illness and greater self-efficacy were potentially modifiable factors associated with improved mental health and physical function over time. Greater perceived social support, also potentially modifiable, was associated with improved mental health. Injury insurance and income were significant nonmodifiable factors for mental health, with mental health gains associated with higher income. Hospital length of stay and injury insurance were nonmodifiable factors linked with physical function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in physical function and mental health are evident in the 24 months following injury, but most patients remain below Australian population norms. Factors that were associated with physical function and mental health outcomes over time that are potentially amenable to change include illness perception, self-efficacy, and perceived social support.
authors.affiliation: 1NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing Interventions for Hospitalised Patients, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 2Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 3School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, United Kingdom. 4Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 5Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 6School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 7School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Macfarlane
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaboyer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuetz
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Adrian G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology