title: Effects of an empowerment program for self-management among rural older adults with hypertension in South Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the effects of an empowerment program for hypertension self-management among rural older adults in South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pretest-posttest controlled design for a 12-month hypertension self-management program with assessments at commencement, 6 months and 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two subsistence farming areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subsistence farmers aged 65 and over: intervention group (n = 41) and control group (n = 36).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-month empowerment program for hypertension self-management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-efficacy, social support, self-care behaviours, blood pressure control and renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant interactions of group by time for self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and self-care behaviour (P = 0.019). Blood pressure control at 12 months also showed a significant improvement in the empowered group compared with the control group (82.8% versus 56.8%, P < 0.014). Other clinical outcomes, including systolic blood pressure (P = 0.006) and renal function (P < 0.001), showed significant interactions of group by time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The empowerment program was effective for rural older adults with hypertension in South Korea. Further investigation of the relationships among core components of empowerment would be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chun-Ja
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-3175
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010358:Patient Participation; D011209:Power, Psychological; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012424:Rural Population; D012648:Self Care; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: aged; patient participation; program evaluation; self-care; vascular diseases