title: The effect of the rehabilitation program on balance, gait, physical performance and trunk rotation in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease which leads to postural and gait disorders, limitation in mobility, activities of daily living and disability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to assess the effects of the rehabilitation program on balance, gait, motor performance and trunk rotations in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients with 1.5-3.0 stage PD in the Hoehn and Yahr scale were randomly allocated to rehabilitation and control groups. Sixty-one patients completed the study. Patients were assessed three times, at month intervals. Between the first and second assessments, the rehabilitation group participated in a rehabilitation training program focused on mobility, balance and gait exercises, consisting of 28 sessions. Balance was assessed with tandem stance and the Pastor test (shoulder tug). Gait was assessed with a 10 m walk at preferred speed and 360° turn. Motor performance was evaluated by means of the Physical Performance Test (PPT) and timed motor activities. The trunk rotations were measured in the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar spine with a tape measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rehabilitation group significantly improved (p < 0.05) in balance and gait outcomes, PPT score, timed activities and trunk rotations both in comparison to the control group and baseline results. The positive effects of the exercise program maintained for at least 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 4-week rehabilitation training program focused on mobility, balance and gait exercises improved balance, gait, physical performance and trunk rotations in patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland. jstozek@poczta.fm.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stożek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudzińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pustułka-Piwnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczudlik
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D016138:Walking
keywords: Motor functions; Parkinson’s disease; Physical performance; Rehabilitation