title: [Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with pseudo-pulmonary embolism in a patient who was newly introduced to hemodialysis treatment].
abstract: Pseudo-pulmonary embolism (PPE) superimposed on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an important complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment. We report the clinical profile of an HD patient with acute respiratory distress induced by PPE and HIT. A 67-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal failure developed congestive heart failure. He was admitted to Kitasato University Hospital. He was introduced to HD treatment using low-molecular-weight heparin as an anticoagulant for an HD session on day 1 of admission. On day 11 after admission, he suddenly developed respiratory distress and hypoxia at 30 min after the start of the fifth HD session. The HD session was immediately discontinued, and oxygen inhalation improved his complaints and hypoxia. The platelet count decreased from 220 x 10(9)/L at the start of the HD session to 80 x 10(9)/L at the end of the HD session. We suspected HIT when blood clotting occurred in his hemodialyzer and blood circuit for HD during the HD session on day 12. Chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and pulmonary microcirculation scintigraphy were normal. Serum analysis was positive for heparin-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody. We then diagnosed him with PPE superimposed on HIT. After the anticoagulant agent for HD was changed from low-molecular-weight heparin to nafamostat mesilate, his clinical symptoms and thrombocytopenia disappeared. PPE superimposed on HIT appeared approximately 7-10 days after the initial use of heparin for the HD session. PPE also led to acute respiratory distress, blood coagulation in the hemodialyzer and blood circuit for HD, as well as thrombocytopenia with less than a 50% decrease in platelet counts. The prognosis of PEE and HIT is good after discontinuing the use of heparin.
authors.forename: Risako
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watarai
authors.forename: Togo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okina
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Kouju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin