title: Development of a murine colonoscopic polypectomy model (with videos).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colonoscopy provides a means for screening and removal of colon adenomas, preventing such lesions from progressing to late-stage carcinoma. No preclinical model currently exists that closely parallels the clinical scenario with respect to polyp resection and recovery after endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  When we used the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model, a new polypectomy methodology was developed. A novel PLC classification system (polyp number/location/clockwise orientation) also was devised in order to accurately and reproducibly specify the location of each lesion within the colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One week after surgery, injuries to the polypectomy site were confined to the submucosa, indicating that little or no damage occurred to the inner muscle layer of the colon. Polypectomy sites occasionally continued to show ulcer formation, whereas others exhibited tissue regeneration. A pilot study (n = 6 animals), involving a total of 37 polypectomies, confirmed that the new methodology could be applied by using either air insufflation or water-assisted techniques, with either hot or cold snare. As a general observation, polyps tended to be more fully distended and less flattened against the colon mucosa by using the water-assisted protocol, increasing the technical ease of ensnaring and resecting lesions. The PLC system proved to be straightforward and facilitated longitudinal studies by allowing the investigator to track each polypectomy site on repeated examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pirc model was ideally suited to colonoscopy with polypectomy. Because the main cause of morbidity in the Pirc model is blockage of the colon, polypectomy can be used as a preventive strategy and will likely facilitate long-term investigations of single agent and combination therapies with potential direct clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Furkan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ertem
authors.affiliation: Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Wan-Mohaiza
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Dashwood
authors.affiliation: Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Gottumukkala
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dashwood
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000601:surgery*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats