title: Religion, coping and outcome in out-patients with depression or diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The study assesses the association between religiosity and coping style with the outcome of depression and diabetes.
  
  
  
  Using a simple random sampling, we recruited 112 participants with diabetes and an equal number with depression consecutively, matching for gender. Religiosity was determined using Religious Orientation Scale (revised) (ROS-R), coping styles with Brief Religious Coping (Brief RCOPE) scale and Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale (adapted). Primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated using Sheehan's Disability Scale (SDS) and Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) respectively.
  
  
  
  Among participants with diabetes, BDI-II total scores correlated negatively with ROS-R Extrinsic Social (r = -0.2, P < 0.05) and Fighting Spirit (r = -0.3, P < 0.05) but correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.4, P < 0.05). SDS global scores correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.4, P < 0.05). Among participants with depression, BDI-II total scores correlated negatively with Intrinsic religiosity (r = -0.2, P < 0.05) and Fighting Spirit (r = -0.4, P < 0.05) but correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.6, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.7, P < 0.05). SDS global scores correlated negatively with Intrinsic religiosity (r = -0.2, P < 0.05) and Fighting Spirit (r = -0.3, P < 0.05) but correlated positively with Helplessness/Hopelessness (r = 0.5, P < 0.05) and Brief RCOPE Negative (r = 0.4, P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  High intrinsic and extrinsic religiosities are likely to be associated with positive coping skills and better treatment outcome in patients with depression or diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Amadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uwakwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Odinka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ndukuba
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Muomah
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Ohaeri
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012067:Religion; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: care outcome; coping; religion; religiosity