title: A higher Mediterranean diet adherence and exercise practice are associated with a healthier drinking profile in a healthy Spanish adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very few studies have examined the association between beverage intake patterns and healthy lifestyle characteristics. Most of the research that has been carried out focuses on the consumption of soft drinks or alcohol and ignores the overall beverage pattern. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between consumption of different types of beverage and physical exercise practice and MedDiet adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional information about fluid intake from different types of beverages was collected in 1262 men and women between 18 and 70 years old, using a 24-h fluid-specific diary over seven consecutive days. Physical exercise was evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire, and MedDiet adherence was assessed using a validated 14-item questionnaire. Both variables were classified into three categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with greater adherence to the MedDiet showed a higher intake of water and wine and a lower consumption of sweet regular beverages. Participants who engaged in more physical exercise consumed more water, milk and derivatives, juices and wine and less sweet regular beverages. Compared to the lowest category, the possibility of meeting the EFSA recommendations of total fluid intake was greater in individuals with eight or more points on the MedDiet adherence questionnaire [OR 1.94; 95 % CI 1.25-3.01] and in those who practice physical exercise three times a week or more [OR 1.71; 95 % CI 1.22-2.39]. Participants with a healthier lifestyle had a lower risk of exceeding the WHO's free-sugar recommendations only from beverages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants with greater adherence to the MedDiet and who engaged in more physical exercise exhibit a healthier pattern of fluid intake.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.|CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cíntia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Pêgo
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain. nancy.babio@urv.cat.|CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. nancy.babio@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babio
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.|CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D015930:Diet Records; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean / Q000208:ethnology; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004326:Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000009:adverse effects; D000070497:Healthy Lifestyle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D013030:Spain; D014920:Wine / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: Adult; Beverage; Fluid intake; Mediterranean diet; Physical exercise