title: Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: The levels of antibodies to cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein I and polymorphic variants G1691A of Factor V (factor V Leiden, FVL) and G20210A of prothrombin gene (G20210A) were studied in 16 patients with upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT). Most of patients with this syndrome have elevated values of these antibodies. Two of these patients are heterozygous carriers for G20210A and 1 - for FVL. Three patients with UEDVT and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are positive for ANA and two others (one of them with Raynaud syndrome) have border line titre 1: 80 for ANA. All 3 patients with SLE are women and the interval between the development of the UEDVT and the onset of SLE was 1-4 years. We would like to suggest that: 1) UEDVT could be the first clinical symptom of Antiphospholipid syndrome, and 2) UEDVT may be the first clinical manifestation of SLE preceding the development of the systemic autoimmune disease by several years.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Milena K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nikolova-Vlahova
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Krasimir V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nikolov
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Marta P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Baleva
authors.affiliation: National Genetic Laboratory, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Alexey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Savov
keywords: SLE; antiphospholipid antibodies; upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis