title: Antiparasitic and immunomodulatory potential of oral nanocapsules encapsulated lactoferrin protein against Plasmodium berghei.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of native buffalo lactoferrin (buLf) protein along with its nanoformulation using alginate-enclosed, chitosan-conjugated, calcium phosphate buffalo Lf nanocapsules (AEC-CCo-CP-buLf NCs) against rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were infected with malaria parasite and efficacy of the proteins (buLf and NCs) was evaluated by measuring parasitemia, initialization, role of miRNA in absorption of NCs, parasite load by histopathology and quantitative determination, cytokine levels, bioavailability and immunohistochemistry to localize Lf protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NCs significantly reduced the parasite load in mice compared with buLf and untreated group. NCs were found to be modulating the disease profile of mice as shown by immunohistochemistry, free radical ion production and higher survival tendency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms that NCs internalized and changed the expression of miRNAs that further enhanced their uptake in various organs leading to inhibitory effect against the parasite as well as maintenance of the Fe metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
authors.forename: Rupinder K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kanwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
authors.forename: Jagat R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kanwar
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D059208:Parasite Load; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002214:Capsules; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: Plasmodium berghei; encapsulation; lactoferrin; miRNA; nanocapsules