title: Negative Cooperativity and High Affinity in Chitooligosaccharide Binding by a Mycobacterium smegmatis Protein Containing LysM and Lectin Domains.
abstract: LysM domains have been recognized in bacteria and eukaryotes as carbohydrate-binding protein modules, but the mechanism of their binding to chitooligosaccharides has been underexplored. Binding of a Mycobacterium smegmatis protein containing a lectin (MSL) and one LysM domain to chitooligosaccharides has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence titration that demonstrate the presence of two binding sites of nonidentical affinities per dimeric MSL-LysM molecule. The affinity of the molecule for chitooligosaccharides correlates with the length of the carbohydrate chain. Its binding to chitooligosaccharides is characterized by negative cooperativity in the interactions of the two domains. Apparently, the flexibility of the long linker that connects the LysM and MSL domains plays a facilitating role in this recognition. The LysM domain in the MSL-LysM molecule, like other bacterial domains but unlike plant LysM domains, recognizes equally well peptidoglycan fragments as well as chitin polymers. Interestingly, in the case presented here, two LysM domains are enough for binding to peptidoglycan in contrast to the three reportedly required by the LysM domains of Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis. Also, the affinity of the MSL-LysM molecule for chitooligosaccharides is higher than that of LysM-chitooligosaccharide interactions reported so far.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Dhabaleswar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Padmanabh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Mamannamana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560 012, India.
authors.forename: Avadhesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surolia
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037102:Lectins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C493484:oligochitosan; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan