title: Racial and ethnic differences in assisted reproduction treatment outcomes: the benefit of racial admixture.
abstract: The goal of the present study was to determine whether racial and ethnic differences affect the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology in the Brazilian population. 1497 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were split into groups according to the patient's ethnicity: Caucasian (n = 2131), Mestizo (n = 358), Asian (n = 174), Black (n = 115) and Indian (n = 260). ICSI outcomes were compared among the groups. Body mass index was highest in the Black group, followed by the Mestizo, Indian, Caucasian and Asian groups (p > 0.001). The FSH dose (p > 0.001) was highest among Indians, followed by Asians and Caucasians, and the dose was lowest among Blacks and Mestizos. In contrast, the oocyte yield was highest among Mestizos, followed by Indians, Blacks and Caucasians, and lowest among Asians (p = 0.005). The fertilisation rate was highest among Mestizos, followed by Blacks, Indians and Caucasians, whereas Asians had the lowest fertilisation rate (p = 0.004). Pregnancy and implantation rates were also highest among Mestizos, followed by Blacks, Indians and Caucasians, whereas the Asian patients had the lowest rates (p = 0.008 and p > 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our evidence suggests a possible beneficial effect of racial admixture on ICSI outcomes.
authors.affiliation: a Fertility - Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio , São Paulo , Brazil.|b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , Rua Vieira Maciel, São Paulo , Brazil.|c Disciplina de Urologia, Área de Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. - UNIFESP , Rua Embaú, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Paes Almeida Ferreira
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: a Fertility - Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio , São Paulo , Brazil.|b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , Rua Vieira Maciel, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Setti
authors.affiliation: a Fertility - Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Assumpto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iaconelli
authors.affiliation: d Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde , Av. Dom José Gaspar, Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Franco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Taitson
authors.affiliation: a Fertility - Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio , São Paulo , Brazil.|b Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Assistida , Rua Vieira Maciel, São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate / Q000208:ethnology*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: ICSI; Infertility; ethnicity