title: T1 Mapping in Discrimination of Hypertrophic Phenotypes: Hypertensive Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Findings From the International T1 Multicenter Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The differential diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy remains challenging in clinical practice, in particular, between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and increased LV wall thickness because of systemic hypertension. Diffuse myocardial disease is a characteristic feature in HCM, and an early manifestation of sarcomere-gene mutations in subexpressed family members (G+P- subjects). This study aimed to investigate whether detecting diffuse myocardial disease by T1 mapping can discriminate between HCM versus hypertensive heart disease as well as to detect genetically driven interstitial changes in the G+P- subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with diagnoses of HCM or hypertension (HCM, n=95; hypertension, n=69) and G+P- subjects (n=23) underwent a clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol (3 tesla) for cardiac volumes, function, and scar imaging. T1 mapping was performed before and >20 minutes after administration of 0.2 mmol/kg of gadobutrol. Native T1 and extracellular volume fraction were significantly higher in HCM compared with patients with hypertension (P<0.0001), including in subgroup comparisons of HCM subjects without evidence of late gadolinium enhancement, as well as of hypertensive patients LV wall thickness of >15 mm (P<0.0001). Compared with controls, native T1 was significantly higher in G+P- subjects (P<0.0001) and 65% of G+P- subjects had a native T1 value >2 SD above the mean of the normal range. Native T1 was an independent discriminator between HCM and hypertension, over and above extracellular volume fraction, LV wall thickness and indexed LV mass. Native T1 was also useful in separating G+P- subjects from controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Native T1 may be applied to discriminate between HCM and hypertensive heart disease and detect early changes in G+P- subjects.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hinojar
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Niharika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Child
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Chung-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gebker
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Adelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doltra
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelle
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Sitara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arroyo Ucar
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Ciara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carr-White
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Eike
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Cardiovascular Imaging (R.H., N.V., N.C., B.G., T.R., E.A.U., C.C., G.C.-W., E.N., V.O.P.) and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.K.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (R.H.); Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital and The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.J., C.-Y.Y.); German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany (R.G., A.D., S.K.); and Division of Internal Medicine III, Department of Cardiology (V.O.P.) and Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging (E.N.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. vppapers@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Valentina O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Puntmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol
keywords: T1 mapping; cardiac magnetic resonance; hypertension; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; left ventricular hypertrophy