title: Surgery for Supranuclear Monocular Elevation Deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a novel approach to surgery for monocular elevation deficiency (MED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 5 patients undergoing surgery for supranuclear MED between 2003 and 2014. All patients had intact Bell's phenomenon, hypotropia, limited elevation above the primary position, and negative forced duction testing of the paretic eye. Preoperatively all patients preferred chin-up head posture and three had pseudoptosis or ptosis. One of the 5 had prior vertical muscle surgery. Surgery correction for the MED consisted of near maximal superior rectus recession on the contralateral sound eye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compensatory chin-up head position and alignment in primary position was improved in all patients. Average age at surgery was 5.3 years. Average superior rectus recession was 9.7 mm. Mean follow-up was 4.8 years (range 12 months to 11.5 years). The vertical deviation of the paretic eye in primary position postoperatively was orthotropic for 2, hypotropic for 2, and overcorrected for 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of supranuclear MED (double elevator palsy) contralateral superior rectus recession based on the innervational principle is a simple and reliable alternative surgical approach compared to published results of the Knapp transposition procedure. Additionally, it holds the possibility for decreased complications and less complicated future surgical treatment options.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Struck
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , WI , USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011187:Posture; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Double elevator palsy; Knapp procedure; hypertropia; innervational surgery; monocular elevation deficiency; strabismus surgery; supranuclear palsy