title: Leukemoid reaction as a paraneoplastic syndrome in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with cutaneous metastasis: an exceedingly rare occurrence.
abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is considered a locoregional disease, with a distinct chance of metastasis, however, skin is an unusual site. Haematological paraneoplastic syndromes are even rarer, and may be the only presenting feature in these malignancies, producing diagnostic confusion. Cutaneous metastasis, in addition to signifying poor response to treatment and prognosis, can cause diagnostic difficulty if the metastasis is located with an occult primary, and is associated with a higher incidence of multiple synchronous primaries. This article describes a 52-year-old patient with multiple swellings on the left side of the neck and hoarseness of voice. On evaluation, the multiple swellings were found to be cutaneous metastasis from a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, with a leukemoid reaction. He opted for palliative radiotherapy and succumbed to his illness within 3 months of presentation. This article discusses the importance of this unusual presentation and diagnostic difficulties associated with it.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Narayana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Bharati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hiremath
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007955:Leukemoid Reaction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000473:pathology*; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck