title: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test in a sample of middle-aged and older adults with subjective memory complaints.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of the ability to retain new information is of special interest in the second half of life because of age-related changes, especially in those individuals at risk of cognitive impairment. The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) is one of the most common auditory-verbal learning tests used to test episodic memory. The objective of this paper is to study the stability of the factorial structure of the Spanish version of CVLT in a sample of adults aged 50-87 years with subjective memory complaints (SMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance at baseline and follow-up assessment (about 18 months later) was analyzed in 301 participants. Models including one, two, three, and four factors were tested, by comparing the results of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models of relations between the factors at baseline and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two-factor models (accurate and inaccurate memory) yielded the best fit. The model establishing a relationship between these two factors at baseline and follow-up provided a good fit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVLT performance in a sample of middle-aged and old adults with SMCs was separated into two factors differentiating accurate recollection and errors. A structural equation modeling (SEM) model relating data from both assessments replicated these findings.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Facal
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos-Magdaleno
authors.affiliation: b Departamento de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guàrdia-Olmos
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.
authors.forename: Onésimo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Juncos-Rabadán
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014175:Translating; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Verbal-learning tests; cognitive complaints; episodic memory; follow-up study; structural equation models