title: Family and cultural influences on cervical cancer screening among immigrant Latinas in Miami-Dade County, USA.
abstract: Cervical cancer disproportionately affects minorities, immigrants and low-income women in the USA, with disparities greatest among Latino immigrants. We examined barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening practices among a group of immigrant Latino women in Florida, USA. Between January and May 2013, six focus group discussions, involving 35 participants, were conducted among Hispanic women in Miami to explore their knowledge, beliefs about cervical cancer and facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening using a theoretical framework. The data showed that family support, especially from female relatives, was an important facilitator of screening and treatment. Women, however, reported prioritising family health over their own, and some expressed fatalistic beliefs about cancer. Major obstacles to receiving a Pap smear included fear that it might result in removal of the uterus, discomfort about being seen by a male doctor and concern that testing might stigmatise them as being sexually promiscuous or having a sexually transmitted disease. Targeted education on cancer and prevention is critically needed in this population. Efforts should focus on women of all ages since younger women often turn to older female relatives for advice.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University , USA.
authors.forename: Purnima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madhivanan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University , USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.affiliation: b Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention , Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University , USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University , USA.
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ibanez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003469:Culture; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000523:psychology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D065006:Papanicolaou Test / Q000523:psychology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cervical cancer; Latina; USA; immigrant; pap tests