title: Trihydroxybenzoic acid glucoside as a global skin color modulator and photo-protectant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid glucoside (THBG), a molecule produced by an original biocatalysis-based technology, was assessed in this study with respect to its skin photoprotective capacity and its skin color control property on Asian-type skin at a clinical level and on skin explant culture models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The double-blinded clinical study was done in comparison to a vehicle by the determination of objective color parameters thanks to recognized quantitative and qualitative analysis tools, including Chroma-Meter, VISIA-CR™, and SIAscope™. Determination of L* (brightness), a* and b* (green-red and blue-yellow chromaticity coordinates), individual typology angle, and C* (chroma) and h* (hue angle) parameters using a Chroma-Meter demonstrated that THBG is able to modify skin color while quantification of ultraviolet (UV) spots by VISIA-CR™ confirmed its photoprotective effect. The mechanism of action of THBG molecule was determined using explant skin culture model coupled to histological analysis (epidermis melanin content staining).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have demonstrated that THBG was able to modulate significantly several critical parameters involved in skin color control such as L* (brightness), a* (redness), individual typology angle (pigmentation), and hue angle (yellowness in this study), whereas no modification occurs on b* and C* parameters. We have demonstrated using histological staining that THBG decrease epidermis melanin content under unirradiated and irradiated condition. We also confirmed that THBG molecule is not a sunscreen agent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that THBG controls skin tone via the inhibition of melanin synthesis as well as the modulation of skin brightness, yellowness, and redness.
authors.affiliation: Induchem AG, Volkestwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hanane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chajra
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Invention, Antony, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Redziniak
authors.affiliation: Libragen SA, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Auriol
authors.affiliation: Induchem AG, Volkestwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schweikert
authors.affiliation: Induchem AG, Volkestwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lefevre
keywords: UV spots; melanin; pigmentation; skin color; sun damage