title: The environmental and health impacts of tobacco agriculture, cigarette manufacture and consumption.
abstract: The health consequences of tobacco use are well known, but less recognized are the significant environmental impacts of tobacco production and use. The environmental impacts of tobacco include tobacco growing and curing; product manufacturing and distribution; product consumption; and post-consumption waste. The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control addresses environmental concerns in Articles 17 and 18, which primarily apply to tobacco agriculture. Article 5.3 calls for protection from policy interference by the tobacco industry regarding the environmental harms of tobacco production and use. We detail the environmental impacts of the tobacco life-cycle and suggest policy responses.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States of America (USA).
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA .
authors.forename: Stella Aguinaga
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bialous
authors.affiliation: Maxwell School Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse, New York, USA .
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.affiliation: The Cigarette Butt Pollution Project, Washington, USA .
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.affiliation: Secretariat for the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Geneva, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Vera Luiza
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Maxwell School Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse, New York, USA .
authors.forename: Silvae Usman
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Iqtidar
authors.affiliation: Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada .
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pujari
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tursan d'Espaignet
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003906:Developing Countries; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014944:World Health Organization; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide