title: Designing patient-specific 3D printed craniofacial implants using a novel topology optimization method.
abstract: Large craniofacial defects require efficient bone replacements which should not only provide good aesthetics but also possess stable structural function. The proposed work uses a novel multiresolution topology optimization method to achieve the task. Using a compliance minimization objective, patient-specific bone replacement shapes can be designed for different clinical cases that ensure revival of efficient load transfer mechanisms in the mid-face. In this work, four clinical cases are introduced and their respective patient-specific designs are obtained using the proposed method. The optimized designs are then virtually inserted into the defect to visually inspect the viability of the design . Further, once the design is verified by the reconstructive surgeon, prototypes are fabricated using a 3D printer for validation. The robustness of the designs are mechanically tested by subjecting them to a physiological loading condition which mimics the masticatory activity. The full-field strain result through 3D image correlation and the finite element analysis implies that the solution can survive the maximum mastication of 120 lb. Also, the designs have the potential to restore the buttress system and provide the structural integrity. Using the topology optimization framework in designing the bone replacement shapes would deliver surgeons new alternatives for rather complicated mid-face reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. sutradhar.1@osu.edu.|Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. sutradhar.1@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sutradhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jaejong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carrau
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Tam H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Glaucio H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Paulino
mesh_terms: D005145:Face; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
keywords: 3D printed implants; Bone replacement; Craniofacial reconstruction; Segmental bone defects; Topology optimization