title: Efficacy of an intercostal nerve block administered with general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing distal gastrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of administration of an intercostal nerve block (INB) with general anesthesia to elderly patients undergoing a distal gastrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elderly patients (>65 years) undergoing selective gastrectomy were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 80): general anesthesia (Group A); general + INB anesthesia (Group B); or, general + epidural anesthesia (Group C). General anesthesia was maintained with propofol, remifentanil and cisatracurium. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined before anesthesia (T0) and at 5 min after intubation (T1), skin incision (T2), exploration of the peritoneal cavity (T3), gastrointestinal anastomosis (T4), end of operation (T5) and 10 min after extubation (T6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAP decreased at T1 in all groups (P < 0.05) and at T2, T4 and T5 in Group C (P < 0.05) and was lower in Group C than Group B at T2 and T4 (P < 0.05). There were no differences in MAP between Groups A and B or between Groups B and C. HR increased at T2-T6 in Group A (P < 0.05) and was higher at T2-T6 in Group B and Group C (P < 0.05). CRP levels decreased at T2-T5 in Groups B and C (P < 0.05) and were lower in Groups B and C compared with Group A (P < 0.05). Propofol and remifentanil doses were lower in Groups B and C (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and patients recovered faster than in Group A (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of INB with general anesthesia enhanced analgesia, led to stable hemodynamics, and reduced anaesthetic consumption and postoperative stress response.
authors.affiliation: . email@email.com.
authors.forename: Jinzhuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Caizhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007367:Intercostal Nerves; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D001279:Atracurium; D000077208:Remifentanil; C101584:cisatracurium; D015742:Propofol