title: Identification of new genotype of Echovirus 19 from children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Pakistan.
abstract: Enteroviruses are known to cause childhood paralysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and to determine the association of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) with acute flaccid Paralysis (AFP). Stool samples (n = 1191) of children with AFP were collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Poliovirus was isolated in 205 (17.2%) samples and NPEVs were found in 215 (18.0%) samples. Out of 215 viruses, 124 (57.7%) were typed into 19 different types of enteroviruses while 91 (42.3%) remained untypeable on microneutralization assay that were reconfirmed as NPEVs by real time PCR. Echovirus 19 (20/35; 57.1%) was found the most prevalent type based on VP1 nucleotide sequencing with increased genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of a new genotype of E-19 in the country. The findings of this study are of great importance for future research and propose to establish the enterovirus surveillance system in the country to readily identify more enteroviruses and to monitor the emergence of new variants/genotypes especially at the moment when we are at the verge of polio eradication phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angez
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaukat
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rabaab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zahra
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Salmaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Masroor
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Suleman
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Sohail Zahoor
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010154:Pakistan; D010243:Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins