title: The Conformation of Yeast Chromosome III Is Mating Type Dependent and Controlled by the Recombination Enhancer.
abstract: Mating-type switching in yeast occurs through gene conversion between the MAT locus and one of two silent loci (HML or HMR) on opposite ends of the chromosome. MATa cells choose HML as template, whereas MATα cells use HMR. The recombination enhancer (RE) located on the left arm regulates this process. One long-standing hypothesis is that switching is guided by mating-type-specific and possibly RE-dependent chromosome folding. Here, we use Hi-C, 5C, and live-cell imaging to characterize the conformation of chromosome III in both mating types. We discovered a mating-type-specific conformational difference in the left arm. Deletion of a 1-kb subregion within the RE, which is not necessary during switching, abolished mating-type-dependent chromosome folding. The RE is therefore a composite element with one subregion essential for donor selection during switching and a separate region involved in modulating chromosome conformation.
authors.affiliation: Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Jon-Matthew
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Belton
authors.affiliation: Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lajoie
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS, LBME, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS, LBME, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cantaloube
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS, LBME, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Imen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lassadi
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS, LBME, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goiffon
authors.affiliation: CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercé, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baù
authors.affiliation: CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercé, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marti-Renom
authors.affiliation: University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS, LBME, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bystricky
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Electronic address: job.dekker@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D056426:Genetic Loci; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin
keywords: chromosome conformation; long-range interactions; mating-type switching; multicolor fluorescence microscopy; recombination enhancer