title: Ashwagandha attenuates TNF-α- and LPS-induced NF-κB activation and CCL2 and CCL5 gene expression in NRK-52E cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aging kidney is marked by a chronic inflammation, which may exacerbate the progression of renal dysfunction, as well as increase the susceptibility to acute injury. The identification of strategies to alleviate inflammation may have translational impact to attenuate kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the potential of ashwaganda, sutherlandia and elderberry on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chemokine (CCL2 and CCL5) expression in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elderberry water-soluble extract (WSE) was pro-inflammatory, while sutherlandia WSE only partially attenuated the TNF-α-induced changes in CCL5. However, ashwaganda WSE completely prevented TNF-α-induced increases in CCL5, while attenuating the increase in CCL2 expression and NF-κB activation. The same pattern of ashwagandha protection was seen using LPS as the pro-inflammatory stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results demonstrate the ashwaganda WSE as a valid candidate for evaluation of therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, MA 415 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, 65212, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grunz-Borgmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Valeri
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mossine
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, MA 415 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, 65212, Columbia, MO, USA. parrishar@health.missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Parrish
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027923:Sambucus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C030693:Ashwagandha