title: Implementation of Enhanced Recovery (ERAS) in Colorectal Surgery Has a Positive Impact on Non-ERAS Liver Surgery Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) reduces complications and hospital stay in colorectal surgery. Thereafter, ERAS principles were extended to liver surgery. Previous implementation of an ERAS program in colorectal surgery may influence patients undergoing liver surgery in a non-ERAS setting, on the same ward. This study aimed to test this hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis based on prospective data of the adherence to the institutional ERAS-liver protocol (compliance) in three cohorts of consecutive patients undergoing elective liver surgery, between June 2010 and July 2014: before any ERAS implementation (pre-ERAS n = 50), after implementation of ERAS in colorectal (intermediate n = 50), and after implementation of ERAS in liver surgery (ERAS-liver n = 74). Outcomes were functional recovery, postoperative complications, hospital stay, and readmissions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three groups were comparable for demographics; laparoscopy was more frequent in ERAS-liver (p = 0.009). Compliance with the enhanced recovery protocol increased along the three periods (pre-ERAS, intermediate, and ERAS-liver), regardless of the perioperative phase (pre-, intra-, or postoperative). ERAS-liver group displayed the highest overall compliance rate with 73.8 %, compared to 39.9 and 57.4 % for pre-ERAS and intermediate groups (p = 0.072/0.056). Overall complications were unchanged (p = 0.185), whereas intermediate and ERAS-liver groups showed decreased major complications (p = 0.034). Consistently, hospital stay was reduced by 2 days (p = 0.005) without increased readmissions (p = 0.158).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The previous implementation of an ERAS protocol in colorectal surgery may induce a positive impact on patients undergoing non-ERAS-liver surgery on the same ward. These results suggest that ERAS is safely applicable in liver surgery and associated with benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labgaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jarrar
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gaëtan-Romain
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Joliat
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Yverdon-Les-Bains, Yverdon-Les-Bains, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gander
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. demartines@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demartines
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland