title: NEuro COgnitive REhabilitation for Disease of Addiction (NECOREDA) Program: From Development to Trial.
abstract: Despite extensive evidence for cognitive deficits associated with drug use and multiple publications supporting the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation treatment (CRT) services for drug addictions, there are a few well-structured tools and organized programs to improve cognitive abilities in substance users. Most published studies on cognitive rehabilitation for drug dependent patients used rehabilitation tools, which have been previously designed for other types of brain injuries such as schizophrenia or traumatic brain injuries and not specifically designed for drug dependent patients. These studies also suffer from small sample size, lack of follow-up period assessments and or comprehensive treatment outcome measures. To address these limitations, we decided to develop and investigate the efficacy of a paper and pencil cognitive rehabilitation package called NECOREDA (Neurocognitive Rehabilitation for Disease of Addiction) to improve neurocognitive deficits associated with drug dependence particularly caused by stimulants (e.g. amphetamine type stimulants and cocaine) and opiates. To evaluate the feasibility of NECOREDA program, we conducted a pilot study with 10 opiate and methamphetamine dependent patients for 3 months in outpatient setting. NECOREDA was revised based on qualitative comments received from clients and treatment providers. Final version of NECOREDA is composed of brain training exercises called "Brain Gym" and psychoeducational modules called "Brain Treasures" which is implemented in 16 training sessions interleaved with 16 review and practice sessions. NECOREDA will be evaluated as an add-on intervention to methadone maintenance treatment in a randomized clinical trial among opiate dependent patients starting from August 2015. We discuss methodological features of NECOREDA development and evaluation in this article.
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran. ; Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rezapour
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran. ; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.affiliation: Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhoudian
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, CT, USA. ; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofuoglu
authors.affiliation: Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Office (SAPTO), Mental Health, Social Health and Addiction Department (MEHSHAD), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noroozi
authors.affiliation: Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daneshmand
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samiei
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran. ; Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekhtiari
keywords: Cognitive enhancers; Drug addiction; NECOREDA; Treatment