title: Insulin Is Required to Maintain Albumin Expression by Inhibiting Forkhead Box O1 Protein.
abstract: Diabetes is accompanied by dysregulation of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. In recent years, much effort has been spent on understanding how insulin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, whereas the effect of insulin on protein metabolism has received less attention. In diabetes, hepatic production of serum albumin decreases, and it has been long established that insulin positively controls albumin gene expression. In this study, we used a genetic approach in mice to identify the mechanism by which insulin regulates albumin gene transcription. Albumin expression was decreased significantly in livers with insulin signaling disrupted by ablation of the insulin receptor or Akt. Concomitant deletion of Forkhead Box O1 (Foxo1) in these livers rescued the decreased albumin secretion. Furthermore, activation of Foxo1 in the liver is sufficient to suppress albumin expression. These results suggest that Foxo1 acts as a repressor of albumin expression.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Graduate Group of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Mingjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: From the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.
authors.forename: Bobby R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Monks
authors.affiliation: From the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Graduate Group of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 birnbaum@mail.med.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Morris J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C467200:Foxo1 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013311:Streptozocin; C514862:Akt1 protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: FOXO; albumin; insulin; transcription; transcription repressor