title: Transbronchial Dissemination of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer.
abstract: We report a case of squamous cell lung cancer with transbronchial dissemination in a 73-year-old man. Bronchoscopic examination revealed multiple bronchial mucosal nodules that existed independently of one another. We reviewed 16 previous cases of endobronchial metastasis in lung cancer. All patients were men. Among the reports that described the smoking history, most patients were smokers (6/7), and the most frequent histological type of cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (11/17). Although hematogenous and lymphogenous routes have been reported as metastatic mechanisms, no previous cases involving transbronchial dissemination have been described. Transbronchial dissemination may be an alternative pathway of endobronchial metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanaji
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimitsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-chō, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandoh
keywords: E-cadherin; endobronchial metastasis; lung cancer; matrix metalloproteinase; transbronchial dissemination