title: Oxalate-degrading microorganisms or oxalate-degrading enzymes: which is the future therapy for enzymatic dissolution of calcium-oxalate uroliths in recurrent stone disease?
abstract: Renal urolithiasis is a pathological condition common to a multitude of genetic, physiological and nutritional disorders, ranging from general hyperoxaluria to obesity. The concept of quickly dissolving renal uroliths via chemolysis, especially calcium-oxalate kidney stones, has long been a clinical goal, but yet to be achieved. Over the past 25 years, there has been a serious effort to examine the prospects of using plant and microbial oxalate-degrading enzymes known to catabolize oxalic acid and oxalate salts. While evidence is emerging that bacterial probiotics can reduce recurrent calcium-oxalate kidney stone disease by lowering systemic hyperoxaluria, the possible use of free oxalate-degrading enzyme therapy remains a challenge with several hurdles to overcome before reaching clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 100125, VAB, Bldg 1017, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. peck@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Ammon B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100247, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 100125, VAB, Bldg 1017, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Cuong Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000378:metabolism*; D020624:Oxalobacter formigenes / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C021915:oxalate decarboxylase
keywords: Enzymatic dissolution; Hyperoxaluria calcium oxalate (CaOx); Microbiome; Oxalate decarboxylase; Oxalate oxidase; Oxalate-degrading enzymes; Oxalyl-CoA decarboxlase