title: Effect of Different Obesity Phenotypes on Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Tehranian Adults.
abstract: The aim of this community-based study is to ascertain the effect of different obesity phenotypes on the incidence of chronic kidney disease in Iranian adults.
  
  
  
  A prospective cohort study, the Tehran Lipid Glucose Study (TLGS).
  
  
  
  Adults aged ≥ 20 years with a mean age of 40.38 years (54.8% female) who were free from chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline (phase 1) and were followed up at 3 time stages (phases 2, 3, and 4) for a mean duration of 9.4 years to assess the risk for CKD.
  
  
  
  Obesity phenotypes.
  
  
  
  Incidence of chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  
  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from the simplified equation developed using data from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study.
  
  
  
  CKD events occurred in 1162 participants. The prevalence of the 2 known obesity phenotypes (metabolically obese normal weight [MONW] and metabolically healthy but obese [MHO]) in the overall population was 3.5% and 8.8%, respectively. According to Kaplan-Meier curves, rates of freedom from CKD in the MHO and MONW obesity phenotypes were 75.3% and 60.6%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Age- and sex-adjusted (model 1) hazard ratios for participants with MHO or MONW obesity phenotype were 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.43) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.09-1.88), respectively. After further adjustment for confounder variables (model 2), multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for CKD for participants with MHO or MONW obesity phenotypes were 1.23 (95% CI, 0.93-1.62) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.08-1.90), respectively.
  
  
  
  Adults with the MONW obesity phenotype compared to those with MHO obesity phenotype have a higher risk for incidence of CKD. The results indicate that having a normal weight is not the only factor to protect against incidence of CKD.
authors.affiliation: a Obesity Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.|b Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mottaghi
authors.affiliation: a Obesity Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.|b Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.|c Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences , Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.affiliation: a Obesity Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delshad
authors.affiliation: b Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009765:Obesity / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: MHO; MONW; chronic kidney disease; incidence; obesity phenotypes