title: Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major problem in Asia because of the presence of multiple risk factors in the region such as endemicity of hepatitis B and significant contamination of foodstuff by aflatoxin in some areas. Another risk factor for HCC, chronic hepatitis C infection, in Asia is most significant in Japan, the only Asian country with more HCV than HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. As these risk factors can and are being modified by measures such as universal hepatitis B immunisation, successful treatment of HCV infections, reduction and improved surveillance of aflatoxin contamination of foodstuff, it is not surprising that the epidemiology of HCC in Asia is changing. All these are offset by the rising importance of NAFLD and NASH as chronic liver diseases and risk factors for HCC which contributes to the changing epidemiology of HCC in Asia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: george.goh.b.b@sgh.com.sg.
authors.forename: George Boon-Bee
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: jason.chang@sgh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Pik-Eu
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: tan.chee.kiat@sgh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Chee-Kiat
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins
keywords: Aflatoxin; Epidemiology; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH