title: Comparison Between the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self and the Beck Depression Inventory II in Primary Care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self (MADRS-S) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) are commonly used self-assessment instruments for screening and diagnosis of depression. The BDI-II has 21 items and the MADRS-S has 9 items. These instruments have been tested with psychiatric inpatients but not in outpatient primary care, where most patients with symptoms of depression initially seek treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare these 2 instruments in the primary care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 2 primary care randomized controlled trials that were performed from 2010 to 2013 in Sweden: the Primary Care Self-Assessment MADRS-S Study and Primary Care Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Study. There were 146 patients (73 patients each from both trials) who had newly diagnosed mild or moderate depression (per DSM-IV recommendations) and who had assessment with both the MADRS-S and BDI-II at primary care centers. Comparability and reliability of the instruments were estimated by Pearson product moment correlation and Cronbach α.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A good correlation was observed between the 2 instruments: 0.66 and 0.62 in the 2 study cohorts. The reliability within the 2 study cohorts was good for both MADRS-S (Cronbach α: 0.76 for both cohorts) and BDI-II items (Cronbach α: 0.88 and 0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2 instruments showed good comparability and reliability for low, middle, and high total depression scores. The MADRS-S may be used as a rapid, easily administered, and inexpensive tool in primary care and has results comparable to the BDI-II in all domains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wikberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nejati
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Maria E H
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Eva-Lisa
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westman
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Nashmil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ariai
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivi
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eggertsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hange
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine (Drs Petersson, Eggertsen, Hange, Baigi, and Björkelund; Mr Wikberg; and Mss Nejati, Ariai, and Eriksson), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (Dr Larsson), and Department of Psychology (Ms Kivi), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden (Drs Larsson and Petersson); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Westman).
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Björkelund