title: Outcome after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Temporally Related to Glucose Uptake Profile at Time of Second Injury.
abstract: Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) results in worsened outcomes, compared with a single injury, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. We have previously shown that mild TBI in a rat lateral fluid percussion model results in globally depressed glucose uptake, with a peak depression at 24 h that resolves by 16 days post-injury. The current study investigated the outcomes of a repeat injury conducted at various times during this period of depressed glucose uptake. Adult male rats were therefore subjected to rmTBI with a latency of 24 h, 5 days, or 15 days between injuries, followed by assessment of motor function, histopathology, and glucose uptake using positron emission tomography (PET). Rats that received a 24 h rmTBI showed significant deficits in motor function tasks, as well as significant increases in lesion volume and neuronal damage. The level of microglial and astrocytic activation also was associated with the timing of the second impact. Finally, rmTBI with latencies of 24 h and 5 days showed significant alterations in [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, compared with baseline scans. Therefore, we conclude that the state of the metabolic environment, as indicated by FDG-PET at the time of the repeat injury, significantly influences neurological outcomes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.|2 Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.|3 Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico .
authors.forename: Reed G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Selwyn
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.|4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Guzal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khayrullina
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hockenbury
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Colin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bermudez
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.|4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.|4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kimberly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Byrnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose
keywords: FDG-PET; fluorodeoxyglucose; histopathology; locomotor function; repeated mild traumatic brain injury