title: Miniature Swine Breeds in Toxicology and Drug Safety Assessments: What to Expect during Clinical and Pathology Evaluations.
abstract: The use of miniature swine as a nonrodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade, and they are becoming routinely used in toxicology and in pharmacology as well as a model for human diseases. Miniature swine models are regularly used for regulatory toxicity studies designed to assess safety of new therapeutic compounds given through different routes of exposure and are used as an alternative model to the canine or the nonhuman primate. Translational preclinical swine study data presented support the current finding that miniature swine are the animal model of choice for assessment of drug absorption, tolerance, and systemic toxicity following systemic exposures. Because research investigators need to be familiar with important anatomic and histopathologic features of the miniature swine in order to place toxicopathologic findings in their proper perspective, clinical and anatomic pathology data from a large number of Sinclair, Hanford, Yucatan, and Göttingen breeds from control groups from a wide variety of studies performed between 2004 and 2014 will be presented, compared, and partially illustrated.
authors.affiliation: Sinclair Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stricker-Krongrad
authors.affiliation: Sinclair Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA cshoemake@sinclairresearch.com.
authors.forename: Catherine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Shoemake
authors.affiliation: HSRL, Inc., Mount Jackson, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Marcia E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Gad Consulting Services, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Shayne C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gad
authors.affiliation: Sinclair BioResources, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brocksmith
authors.affiliation: Sinclair Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Guy F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
keywords: drug safety; miniature swine; pathology; pharmacology; toxicology