title: Biological significance of co- and post-translational modifications of the yeast 26S proteasome.
abstract: In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), co- and post-translational modifications of the 26S proteasome, a large protein complex, were comprehensively detected by proteomic techniques, and their functions were investigated. The presence, number, site, and state of co- and post-translational modifications of the 26S proteasome differ considerably among yeast, human, and mouse. The roles of phosphorylation, N(α)-acetylation, N(α)-myristoylation, N(α)-methylation, and N-terminal truncation in the yeast 26S proteasome were investigated. Although there is only one modification site for either N(α)-acetylation, N(α)-myristoylation, or N(α)-methylation, these modifications play an important role in the functions of the yeast proteasome. In contrast, there are many phosphorylation sites in the yeast 26S proteasome. However, the phosphorylation patterns might be a few, suggesting that tiny modifications exert considerable effects on the function of the proteasome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein co- and post-translational modifications produce different protein species which often have different functions. The yeast 26S proteasome, a large protein complex, consisting of many subunits has a number of co- and post-translational modification sites. This review describes the effects of the modifications on the function of the protein complex. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein species. Guest Editors: Peter Jungblut, Hartmut Schlüter and Bernd Thiede.
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, Japan. Electronic address: hirano@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, Japan.
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City University, Advanced Medical Research Center, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C061553:ATP dependent 26S protease
keywords: 26S proteasome; Co-translational modification; Post-translational modification; Protein species; Yeast