title: Distribution of β-carotene-encapsulated polysorbate 80-coated poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles in rodent tissues following intravenous administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) composed of poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have attracted considerable attention as delivery systems of drugs and antioxidative compounds, such as β-carotene (BC). Intravenous (IV) administration of BC-containing PLGA-NPs (BC-PLGA-NPs) coated with polysorbate 80 (PS80) has been shown to effectively deliver BC to the brain. However, the whole-body distribution profile of BC is still not clear. Therefore, we investigated the accumulation of BC in various organs, including the brain, following IV administration of PS80-coated BC-PLGA-NPs in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  PS80-coated and uncoated BC-PLGA-NPs were prepared by solvent evaporation, and administered intravenously to Sprague Dawley rats at a BC dose of 8.5 mg/rat. Accumulation of BC in various organs (brain, heart, liver, lungs, and spleen) and blood plasma was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) detection, 1 hour after administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prepared PS80-coated BC-PLGA-NPs with an entrapment efficiency of 14%, a particle size of 260 nm, and a zeta potential of -26 mV. Coating with PS80 was found to result in significant accumulation of BC in the lungs, rather than in the brain and other tissues. Further, plasma levels of BC in the PS80-coated BC-PLGA-NP group were much lower than those of the uncoated BC-PLGA-NP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following IV administration, PS80-coated BC-PLGA-NPs are quickly transferred from plasma circulation to the lungs, rather than the brain. Significant accumulation of BC in the lungs may be useful for health-related applications.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harigae
authors.affiliation: Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.affiliation: Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Terahertz Optical & Food Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ; Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055672:Static Electricity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011136:Polysorbates; D019207:beta Carotene; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: intravenous administration; nanoparticles; poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA); polysorbate 80 (PS80); tissue distribution; β-carotene