title: Biofunctionalization of scaffold material with nano-scaled diamond particles physisorbed with angiogenic factors enhances vessel growth after implantation.
abstract: Biofunctionalized scaffold facilitates complete healing of large defects. Biological constraints are induction and ingrowth of vessels. Angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor or angiopoietin-1 can be bound to nano-scaled diamond particles. Corresponding bioactivities need to be examined after biofunctionalization. We therefore determined the physisorptive capacity of distinctly manufactured, differently sized nDP and the corresponding activities of bound factors. The properties of biofunctionalized nDPs were investigated on cultivated human mesenchymal stem cells and on the developing chicken embryo chorio-allantoic membrane. Eventually porous bone substitution material was coated with nDP to generate an interface that allows biofactor physisorption. Angiopoietin-1 was applied shortly before scaffold implantation into an osseous defect in sheep calvaria. Biofunctionalized scaffolds exhibited significantly increased rates of angiogenesis already one month after implantation. Conclusively, nDP can be used to ease functionalization of synthetic biomaterials.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With the advances in nanotechnology, many nano-sized materials have been used in the biomedical field. This is also true for nano-diamond particles (nDP). In this article, the authors investigated the physical properties of functionalized nano-diamond particles in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings. The positive findings would help improve understanding of these nanomaterials in regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell and Longevity Research, University Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Magdalena M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schimke
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stigler
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Xujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waag
authors.affiliation: Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buschmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University and University Clinics Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University and University Clinics Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Untergasser
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rasse
authors.affiliation: DiaCoating GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinmüller-Nethl
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell and Longevity Research, University Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address: Guenter.Lepperdinger@sbg.ac.at.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lepperdinger
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D012756:Sheep; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018130:Diamond
keywords: Biocompatibility; Biofunctionalization; Diamond; HET-CAM; Physisorption