title: Association between Sarcopenic Obesity and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity and to evaluate the association between sarcopenic obesity and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly Korean.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 3,385 males and 4,064 females (age ≥50 years and in the stage of menopause) who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2011. The cutoff value for sarcopenia was 7.26 kg/m2 for men and 5.45 kg/m2 for female. The fat mass was >30% for men and 40% for female; these values were used to define obesity. Based on the combination of sarcopenia and obesity status, all subjects were classified as sarcopenic obese (SO), sarcopenic nonobese (SNO), nonsarcopenic obese (NSO), or nonsarcopenic nonobese.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rates of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and osteosarcopenic obesity were 31.5, 5.1, and 4.1%, respectively. Following adjustment, the ORs for osteoporosis were 8.67 in the SO group (95% CI 4.19-17.94), 3.85 in the SNO group (95% CI 2.61-5.67), and 1.88 in the NSO group (95% CI 0.72-4.91) in men and 2.93 in the SO group (95% CI 1.99-4.32), 1.71 in the SNO group (95% CI 1.31-2.23), and 0.58 in the NSO group (95% CI 0.43-0.78) in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sarcopenic obesity is associated with the development of osteoporosis among the middle-aged and elderly Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors