title: MicroRNAs and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.
abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most commonly diagnosed mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. This tumor type is driven by gain-of-function mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (such as KIT, PDGFRA, and BRAF) or loss-of-function mutations in succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit genes (SDHx). Molecular studies on GIST have improved our understanding of the biology of the disease and have led to the use of targeted therapy approach, such as imatinib for KIT/PDGFRA-mutated GIST. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as important regulators of KIT expression, cancer cell behavior, and imatinib response in GIST. This chapter aims to provide an overview on current understanding of the biological roles of microRNAs in GIST and possible implications in prognosis and therapeutic response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden. pinar.akcakaya@ki.se.|Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden. pinar.akcakaya@ki.se.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akçakaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden. weng-onn.lui@ki.se.|Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden. weng-onn.lui@ki.se.
authors.forename: Weng-Onn
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Lui
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D035683:MicroRNAs; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
keywords: Biomarker; Diagnosis; GIST; Prognosis; Therapy; icroRNA