title: Specific probiotic dietary supplementation leads to different effects during remission and relapse in murine chronic colitis.
abstract: Although interest in using probiotics to prevent and treat intestinal diseases is increasing, the effects of specific probiotic strains still remain unclear. Here, we assess the therapeutic effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus NutRes 1 and Bifidobacterium breve NutRes 204 on a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced chronic murine colitis model. The chronic colitis was induced by two DSS treatment cycles with a rest period of 10 days (the remission or resolution phase). The probiotic supplementation was started during the resolution phase, after the first DSS treatment cycle, and continued until the end of the experiment. In addition to clinical observations made during the experiment, cellular infiltration was measured along with mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, T cell-associated cytokines, and Toll like receptors (TLR) in the inflamed colon after second DSS treatment cycle. L. rhamnosus, but not B. breve, rapidly and effectively improved the DSS-induced bloody diarrhoea during the resolution phase. However, a contradictory effect by both probiotic strains on the faecal condition was found after re-induction of colitis. The worsening of the faecal condition was accompanied by a reduced number of neutrophils and increased expression of interferon-γ in the colons of DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, an increased expression of TLR2, TLR6 and pro-inflammatory markers including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor α and IL-6 was found in DSS-treated mice with L. rhamnosus supplementation. These results indicate that therapeutic administration of specific probiotics might be beneficial during the resolution phase of colitis. However, caution should be taken as specific probiotic treatments reduce neutrophil influx, which may be the reason of exacerbation of chronic colitis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.|2 Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Bergenhenegouwen
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J G
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van de Kant
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folkerts
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.|2 Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garssen
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.|2 Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kraneveld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Toll-like receptors; chronic colitis; inflammatory bowel disease; neutrophils; probiotic therapy