title: New Targets in the Drug Treatment of Heart Failure.
abstract: Heart failure is a complex syndrome that has been a major contributor to readmissions into hospitals in the USA. Currently, a large number of medications are being used to treat the symptoms of the disease-digoxin, diuretics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, β-blockers, and vasodilators. There is no doubt that the given pharmaceutical therapy has been effective in lowering hospital readmission rates and prolonging life in individual chronic heart failure patients. Despite this, admission rates following heart failure hospitalization remain high, resulting in a substantial financial strain on healthcare institutions. Clearly, there is much room for improvement in heart failure therapy and management in reducing readmission rates. In this review, we address the unmet needs in the current drug treatment of chronic heart failure and describe novel drug targets that are currently under investigation.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.|Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Iwaz
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Hermineh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aramin
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Navaid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khusro
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Minal V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Sumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA. amaisel@ucsd.edu.|Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA. amaisel@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maisel
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents