title: Distress Tolerance as a Correlate of Tobacco Dependence and Motivation: Incremental Relations over and above Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms.
abstract: Distress tolerance-the capacity to withstand distressing states-is implicated in the etiology of regular smoking. The present study extends past research by examining whether relations between perceived distress tolerance and smoking-related factors: (1) differ across subdimensions of distress tolerance (Tolerance, Appraisal, Regulation, Absorption); (2) extend across measures of dependence, negative reinforcement smoking, and craving; and (3) are incremental to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results showed that global distress tolerance was associated with measures of dependence, negative reinforcement, and craving even after controlling for affective symptomatology. Subdimensions of distress tolerance were not uniquely related to smoking outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted models. These findings suggest that: (a) distress tolerance is uniquely implicated in smoking over and above affective symptomatology; and (b) specific subdimensions of distress tolerance do not provide more information about smoking-related characteristics than global dimensions; and
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: b Preventative Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Rubin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khoddam
authors.affiliation: b Preventative Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jodie B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: b Preventative Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dyal
authors.affiliation: b Preventative Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ameringer
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology , University of Houston and Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
authors.affiliation: b Preventative Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leventhal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; dependence; depression; distress tolerance; nicotine; smoking