title: Clinical and radiologic rebound after discontinuation of natalizumab therapy in a highly active multiple sclerosis patient was not halted by dimethyl-fumarate: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evidence on the use of the oral dimethyl-fumarate after the discontinuation of treatment with natalizumab in people with Multiple Sclerosis is still little. Natalizumab discontinuation may induce the recurrence or rebound of the clinical and neuroradiological disease activity. Currently no therapeutic approach has been established to abolish disease reactivation and rebound after natalizumab interruption.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of a 21-year-old woman affected from a highly active relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis who developed a clinical and radiological rebound 5 months after the last infusion of natalizumab, while she was being treated with dimethyl-fumarate 240 mg twice daily. She had received a bridge "therapy" with Cyclophosphamide before staring dimethyl-fumarate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report on this case to stimulate further research to establish whether new current and future drugs available for multiple sclerosis are able to halt the disease rebound after the natalizumab interruption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Surgicals and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy. patti@unict.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Surgicals and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy. carmelaleone84@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Surgicals and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy. m.zappia@unict.it.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069462:Dimethyl Fumarate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069442:Natalizumab / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012008:Recurrence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069442:Natalizumab; D000069462:Dimethyl Fumarate