title: Training-induced changes in subsequent-memory effects: No major differences among children, younger adults, and older adults.
abstract: The neural correlates of encoding mode, or the state of forming new memory episodes, have been found to change with age and mnemonic training. However, it is unclear whether neural correlates of encoding success, termed subsequent-memory (SM) effects, also differ by age and mnemonic skill. In a multi-session training study, we investigated whether SM effects are altered by instruction and training in a mnemonic skill, and whether such alterations differ among children, younger adults, and older adults. Before and after strategy training, fMRI data were collected while participants were memorizing word pairs. In all age groups, participants receiving training showed greater performance gains than control group participants. Analysis of task-relevant regions showed training-induced reductions in SM effects in left frontal regions. Reductions in SM effects largely generalized across age and primarily reflected greater training-induced activation increases for omissions than for remembered items, indicating that training resulted in more consistent use of the mnemonic strategy. The present results reveal no major age differences in SM effects in children, younger adults, and older adults.
authors.affiliation: Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: yvonne.brehmer@ki.se.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brehmer
authors.affiliation: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
authors.forename: Yee Lee
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shing
authors.affiliation: Department of Education Sciences and Psychology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hauke R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Heekeren
authors.affiliation: Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Fiesole, Italy.
authors.forename: Ulman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindenberger
authors.affiliation: Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bäckman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Episodic memory; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Lifespan; Subsequent-memory effect; Training