title: [Optical coherence tomography for early diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia and microinvasive carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gold standard in the evaluation of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) lesions is white light endoscopy followed by invasive tissue biopsy. This procedure is time consuming and expensive. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive method, which provides high resolution, cross-sectional images of superficial tissue layers in real time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article aims to present a contemporary and comprehensive review on the role of OCT in differentiating between epithelial dysplasias and early invasive carcinomas of the UADT.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed was searched using "optical coherence tomography/larynx" and other appropriate search strings in August 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OCT enables differentiation between benign, premalignant, and early malignant lesions of the UADT with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, OCT holds promise as a clinical tool for guidance of surgical biopsies, follow-up of recurrent lesions, and for demarcation of tumor margins. Inadequate evidence and technical limitations hamper implementation of OCT into clinical routine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the aforementioned problems are successfully solved, OCT seems to have the potential to substantially improve both diagnosis and management of precancerous and early cancerous lesions of the UADT.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland. veronika.volgger@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Volgger
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Magdeburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arens
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Schweiz.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Englhard
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum der Universität München, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Betz
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000473:pathology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Biopsy; Diagnostics; Larynx; PubMed; Tumor