title: Strategies for achieving global collective action on antimicrobial resistance.
abstract: Global governance and market failures mean that it is not possible to ensure access to antimicrobial medicines of sustainable effectiveness. Many people work to overcome these failures, but their institutions and initiatives are insufficiently coordinated, led and financed. Options for promoting global collective action on antimicrobial access and effectiveness include building institutions, crafting incentives and mobilizing interests. No single option is sufficient to tackle all the challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance. Promising institutional options include monitored milestones and an inter-agency task force. A global pooled fund could be used to craft incentives and a special representative nominated as an interest mobilizer. There are three policy components to the problem of antimicrobials--ensuring access, conservation and innovation. To address all three components, the right mix of options needs to be matched with an effective forum and may need to be supported by an international legal framework.
authors.affiliation: Global Strategy Lab, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Fauteux Hall, 57 Louis Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada .
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Manson Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, London, England .
authors.forename: Grazia M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Caleo
authors.affiliation: International Division, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway .
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daulaire
authors.affiliation: Centre for Global Health Policy, University of Sussex, Brighton, England .
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elbe
authors.affiliation: National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa .
authors.forename: Precious
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matsoso
authors.affiliation: LSE Health, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, England .
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mossialos
authors.affiliation: Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America .
authors.forename: Zain
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health and Infectious Disease Control Division, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway .
authors.forename: John-Arne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Røttingen
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D007391:International Cooperation; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D014480:United Nations