title: Cognitive evaluation by tasks in a virtual reality environment in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires large neuropsychological batteries that assess numerous domains. The relevance of these assessments to daily cognitive functioning is not well established. Cognitive ecological evaluation has not been frequently studied in MS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the interest of cognitive evaluation in a virtual reality environment in a sample of persons with MS with cognitive deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty persons with MS with at least moderate cognitive impairment were assessed with two ecological evaluations, an in-house developed task in a virtual reality environment (Urban DailyCog®) and a divided attention task in a driving simulator. Classical neuropsychological testing was also used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fifty-two percent of the persons with MS failed the driving simulator task and 80% failed the Urban DailyCog®. Virtual reality assessments are promising in identifying cognitive impairment in MS.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, France; INSERM U.862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamargue-Hamel
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, Service de Neurologie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deloire
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, Service de Neurologie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saubusse
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, France; INSERM U.862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, Service de Neurologie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruet
authors.affiliation: CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, Service de Neurologie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5227, GENPPHAASS laboratory, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taillard
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, Service de Neurologie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5227, GENPPHAASS laboratory, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, France; INSERM U.862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM-CHU CIC-P 0005, Service de Neurologie, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: bruno.brochet@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brochet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Cognition; Cognitive assessment; Ecological evaluation; Multiple sclerosis; Neuropsychology; Virtual reality