title: Simultaneous determination of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in animal feeds using an immunochromatographic strip.
abstract: An immunochromatographic (ICG) strip was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in animal feed. For this purpose, polyclonal antibodies (PcAb) with group-specific quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides were conjugated to colloidal gold particles as the detection reagent for ICG strips to test for quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides. This method achieved semi-quantitative detection of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides within 5-10 min. The visual lower detection limits of the strip for quinocetone, cyadox, carbadox, mequindox and olaquindox were 10, 15, 15, 20 and 20 ng ml(-1), respectively. Using an ICG strip reader, the 50% inhibitions (IC50 values) were calculated to be 9.1, 13.5, 16.6, 20.2 and 21.3 ng ml(-1) for quinocetone, cyadox, carbadox, mequindox and olaquindox, respectively. When used to analyse samples of animal feed, acceptable recovery rates of 77.5-99.5% and coefficients of variation (CVs) of 4.3-10.7% were obtained. Levels measured with the ICG strip for 10 spiked samples were confirmed by HPLC with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9965 (n = 10). In conclusion, the method was rapid and accurate for simultaneous determination of five quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides antibiotics in animal feed.
authors.affiliation: a College of Life Science , Chongqing Normal University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: b College of Veterinary , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Liqian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a College of Life Science , Chongqing Normal University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: a College of Life Science , Chongqing Normal University , Chongqing , China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D011810:Quinoxalines; D006046:Gold; C003282:quindoxin
keywords: immunochromatographic (ICG) strip; nanogold particle; polyclonal antibodies; quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides